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Alupas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alupas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vijayanagara_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vijayanagara_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Vijayanagara Empire </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vijayanagara_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portuguese_arrival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portuguese_arrival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Portuguese arrival </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portuguese_arrival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nayakas_of_Keladi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nayakas_of_Keladi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 Nayakas of Keladi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nayakas_of_Keladi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mysore_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mysore_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Mysore rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mysore_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_rule_and_early_resistance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_rule_and_early_resistance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 British rule and early resistance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_rule_and_early_resistance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 Independence movement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.10 Post-independence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Education and research </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultures,_traditions_and_rituals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultures,_traditions_and_rituals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Cultures, traditions and rituals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultures,_traditions_and_rituals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historic_sites_and_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_sites_and_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Historic sites and tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_sites_and_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Agriculture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commerce_and_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commerce_and_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Commerce and industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commerce_and_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Villages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Villages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Villages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Villages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Dakshina Kannada</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 35 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" > 35 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="داكشينا الكانادا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="داكشينا الكانادا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distritu_de_Dakshina_Kannada" title="Distritu de Dakshina Kannada – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Distritu de Dakshina Kannada" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE" title="দক্ষিণ কন্নড় জেলা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দক্ষিণ কন্নড় জেলা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Dakshina Kannada" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="दक्षिण कन्नड़ जिला – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="दक्षिण कन्नड़ जिला" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districte_de_South_Kanara" title="Districte de South Kanara – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Districte de South Kanara" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dakshina Kannada" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dakshina Kannada" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distrito_de_Dakshina_Kannada" title="Distrito de Dakshina Kannada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Distrito de Dakshina Kannada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada_barrutia" title="Dakshina Kannada barrutia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dakshina Kannada barrutia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="دکشینا کنادا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دکشینا کنادا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_de_Dakshina_Kannada" title="District de Dakshina Kannada – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="District de Dakshina Kannada" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="दक्षिण कन्नडा – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="दक्षिण कन्नडा" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="दक्षिण कन्नड़ जिला – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दक्षिण कन्नड़ जिला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dakshina Kannada" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distretto_del_Kannada_Meridionale" title="Distretto del Kannada Meridionale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Distretto del Kannada Meridionale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A3_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%A1" title="ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A1_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2" title="ദക്ഷിണ കന്നഡ ജില്ല – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദക്ഷിണ കന്നഡ ജില്ല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE" title="दक्षिण कन्नड जिल्हा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दक्षिण कन्नड जिल्हा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="داكشينا الكانادا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="داكشينا الكانادا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dakshina Kannada" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="दक्षिण कन्नड जिल्ला – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="दक्षिण कन्नड जिल्ला" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="दक्षिण कन्नड जिल्ला – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="दक्षिण कन्नड जिल्ला" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada_(distrikt)" title="Dakshina Kannada (distrikt) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dakshina Kannada (distrikt)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%B9_%DA%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%88%D8%A7" title="ضلع ڈاکشینا کاناڈا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ضلع ڈاکشینا کاناڈا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Южная Каннада – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Южная Каннада" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="दक्षिणकन्नडमण्डलम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="दक्षिणकन्नडमण्डलम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B2_%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%9B" title="ᱫᱚᱠᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱚᱠᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dakshina Kannada" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%9F_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தெற்கு கன்னட மாவட்டம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தெற்கு கன்னட மாவட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A3_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%A1" title="ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Південна Каннада – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Південна Каннада" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%91" title="دکشن کنڑ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="دکشن کنڑ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada" title="Dakshina Kannada – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dakshina Kannada" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%A1%E7%BA%B3%E8%BE%BE%E5%8E%BF" title="南卡纳达县 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="南卡纳达县" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q950571#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">District of Karnataka in India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Dakshina Kannada</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">South Canara</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Karnataka" title="List of districts of Karnataka">District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid black;width:250px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Falnir_skylines_viewed_from_Kankanady.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Falnir_skylines_viewed_from_Kankanady.jpg/250px-Falnir_skylines_viewed_from_Kankanady.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Falnir_skylines_viewed_from_Kankanady.jpg/375px-Falnir_skylines_viewed_from_Kankanady.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Falnir_skylines_viewed_from_Kankanady.jpg/500px-Falnir_skylines_viewed_from_Kankanady.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2536" /></a></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Kukke_Subhramanya.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Kukke_Subhramanya.JPG/124px-Kukke_Subhramanya.JPG" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Kukke_Subhramanya.JPG/186px-Kukke_Subhramanya.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Kukke_Subhramanya.JPG/248px-Kukke_Subhramanya.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Manglore_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Manglore_beach.jpg/124px-Manglore_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Manglore_beach.jpg/186px-Manglore_beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Manglore_beach.jpg/248px-Manglore_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Jumma_mazjid,_Zinad_Baksh,_Bunder,_Mangalore-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jumma_mazjid%2C_Zinad_Baksh%2C_Bunder%2C_Mangalore-3.jpg/124px-Jumma_mazjid%2C_Zinad_Baksh%2C_Bunder%2C_Mangalore-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jumma_mazjid%2C_Zinad_Baksh%2C_Bunder%2C_Mangalore-3.jpg/186px-Jumma_mazjid%2C_Zinad_Baksh%2C_Bunder%2C_Mangalore-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jumma_mazjid%2C_Zinad_Baksh%2C_Bunder%2C_Mangalore-3.jpg/248px-Jumma_mazjid%2C_Zinad_Baksh%2C_Bunder%2C_Mangalore-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:1000_pillar_temple_-_moodabidri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/1000_pillar_temple_-_moodabidri.jpg/124px-1000_pillar_temple_-_moodabidri.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/1000_pillar_temple_-_moodabidri.jpg/186px-1000_pillar_temple_-_moodabidri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/1000_pillar_temple_-_moodabidri.jpg/248px-1000_pillar_temple_-_moodabidri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2496" data-file-height="1664" /></a></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:black;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Kudremukh_(24190729314).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Kudremukh_%2824190729314%29.jpg/250px-Kudremukh_%2824190729314%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Kudremukh_%2824190729314%29.jpg/375px-Kudremukh_%2824190729314%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Kudremukh_%2824190729314%29.jpg/500px-Kudremukh_%2824190729314%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5168" data-file-height="2913" /></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Clockwise from top: View of Mangalore skyline from <a href="/wiki/Kankanadi" title="Kankanadi">Kankanadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tannirbhavi_Beach" title="Tannirbhavi Beach">Tannirbhavi Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saavira_Kambada_Basadi" title="Saavira Kambada Basadi">Saavira Kambada Basadi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moodabidri" title="Moodabidri">Moodabidri</a>, Western Ghats at <a href="/wiki/Kudremukh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kudremukh">Kudremukh</a>, Pool at <a href="/wiki/Masjid_Zeenath_Baksh" title="Masjid Zeenath Baksh">Masjid Zeenath Baksh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kukke_Subramanya_Temple" title="Kukke Subramanya Temple">Kukke Subramanya Temple</a>,</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Karnataka_DK_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location in Karnataka"><img alt="Location in Karnataka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Karnataka_DK_locator_map.svg/250px-Karnataka_DK_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Karnataka_DK_locator_map.svg/375px-Karnataka_DK_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Karnataka_DK_locator_map.svg/500px-Karnataka_DK_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="898" data-file-height="1273" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location in Karnataka</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Dakshina_Kannada&params=12.87_N_74.88_E_type:city(2089649)_region:IN-KA">12°52′N 74°53′E / 12.87°N 74.88°E / 12.87; 74.88</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Taluka" class="mw-redirect" title="Taluka">Talukas</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Sullia" title="Sullia">Sullia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Puttur,_Karnataka" title="Puttur, Karnataka">Puttur</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Belthangady" title="Belthangady">Belthangady</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moodabidri" title="Moodabidri">Moodabidri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bantwal" title="Bantwal">Bantwal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mulki,_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulki, Karnataka">Mulki</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ullal" title="Ullal">Ullala</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kadaba" title="Kadaba">Kadaba</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Deputy_Commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Commissioner">Deputy Commissioner</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Mullai Muhilan<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakshina Kannada (Lok Sabha constituency)">MP</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Captain_Brijesh_Chowta" class="mw-redirect" title="Captain Brijesh Chowta">Captain Brijesh Chowta</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,559 km2 (1,760 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,115 m (3,658 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-districtcensus-2">[2]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,089,649</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">457/km2 (1,180/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">996,086</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Languages<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-languages-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Telephone code</th><td class="infobox-data">+ 91 (0824)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>KA-19 (Hampankatta, Mangalore south)</li> <li>KA-21 (Puttur, Sullia, Belthangady)</li> <li>KA-62 (Surathkal, Mangalore north)</li> <li>KA-70 (B C Road)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Airport</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mangaluru_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangaluru Airport">Mangalore International Airport</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seaport</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Panambur" title="Panambur">New Mangalore Port</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dk.nic.in/">dk.nic.in</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Dakshina Kannada district is located in the <a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, with its headquarters in the coastal city of <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a>. The district covers an area nestled in between the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a> to its east and the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a> to its west. Dakshina Kannada receives abundant rainfall during the <a href="/wiki/Indian_monsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian monsoon">Indian monsoon</a>. It is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Udupi_district" title="Udupi district">Udupi district</a> (formerly a part of this district) to the north, <a href="/wiki/Chikmagalur_district" title="Chikmagalur district">Chikmagalur district</a> to the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Hassan_district" title="Hassan district">Hassan district</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Kodagu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodagu">Kodagu</a> to the southeast and <a href="/wiki/Kasaragod_district" title="Kasaragod district">Kasaragod district</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> to the south. According to the 2011 census of India, Dakshina Kannada district had a population of 2,083,625. It is the only district in <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> state to have all modes of transport like road, rail, water and air due to the presence of a major hub, <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a>. This financial district is also known as the Cradle of Indian banking.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 235px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Sullia._Karnataka_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hilly region – Sullia Town"><img alt="Hilly region – Sullia Town" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sullia._Karnataka_%283%29.jpg/67px-Sullia._Karnataka_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sullia._Karnataka_%283%29.jpg/101px-Sullia._Karnataka_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sullia._Karnataka_%283%29.jpg/135px-Sullia._Karnataka_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="2560" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hilly region – <a href="/wiki/Sullia" title="Sullia">Sullia</a> Town</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 235px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Tannirubhavi_beach_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Coastal plain – Tannirbhavi Beach"><img alt="Coastal plain – Tannirbhavi Beach" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Tannirubhavi_beach_02.JPG/160px-Tannirubhavi_beach_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Tannirubhavi_beach_02.JPG/240px-Tannirubhavi_beach_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Tannirubhavi_beach_02.JPG/320px-Tannirubhavi_beach_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Coastal plain – <a href="/wiki/Tannirbhavi_Beach" title="Tannirbhavi Beach">Tannirbhavi Beach</a></div> </li> </ul> The district geography consists of seashore in the west and <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a> in the east. The <a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">soil</a> is mostly <a href="/wiki/Laterite" title="Laterite">lateritic</a> type, characterised by high <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> content.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> The major rivers are <a href="/wiki/Netravathi" class="mw-redirect" title="Netravathi">Netravathi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kumaradhara" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumaradhara">Kumaradhara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phalguni_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Phalguni river">Gurupura (Phalguni)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shambhavi_River" title="Shambhavi River">Shambhavi</a>, Nandini or <a href="/wiki/Pavanje" title="Pavanje">Pavanje</a> and Payaswini; all join the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pppinindia-7">[7]</a> At <a href="/wiki/Uppinangadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Uppinangadi">Uppinangadi</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netravati_River" title="Netravati River">Netravathi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kumaradhara_River" title="Kumaradhara River">Kumaradhara</a> rivers rise during the monsoon and meet. This event is called "Sangam", which in Sanskrit means confluence.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Near Mangalore, an <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a> is formed by the union of the rivers Netravathi and the Gurupura which merge into the Arabian Sea.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a> of the district is plain up to 30 km (18.64 mi) inside the coast and changes to undulating hilly <a href="/wiki/Terrain" title="Terrain">terrain</a> sharply towards the east in the Western Ghats.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Teak" title="Teak">Teak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosewood" title="Rosewood">rosewood</a> trees are found in the hilly areas towards the east.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Geological_Survey_of_India" title="Geological Survey of India">Geological Survey of India</a> has identified this district as a moderately earthquake-prone region and categorised it in the Seismic III Zone.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> In rural Dakshina Kannada, houses are in the midst of a farm field or <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantations</a> of <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a> or <a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">arecanut</a>, separated by a few hundred metres.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Shirlalu village (in the <a href="/wiki/Kudremukh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kudremukh">Kudremukh</a> range of Belthangady taluk<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>), with a maximum elevation of 1,115 m (3,658 ft), is the highest point in Dakshina Kannada.<a href="#cite_note-shirlalu-map-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-shirlalu-elevation-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Dakshina Kannada features a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">Tropical Monsoon climate (Am)</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CDO-M2-17">[17]</a> The average annual rainfall in Dakshina Kannada is 4,030 millimetres (159 in).<a href="#cite_note-pppinindia-7">[7]</a> The rainfall varies from 3,774.1 millimetres (149 in) at the <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a> coast, 4,530 millimetres (178 in) at <a href="/wiki/Moodabidri" title="Moodabidri">Moodabidri</a> and 4,329 millimetres (170 in) at <a href="/wiki/Puttur,_Karnataka" title="Puttur, Karnataka">Puttur</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CDO-18">[18]</a> The average humidity is 75% and peaks in July at 89%.<a href="#cite_note-Weather-And-Climate-19">[19]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Mangalore (1961–1990, extremes 1901–1981) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.3 (97.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.8 (100.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4 (99.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.6 (97.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7 (98.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4 (93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6 (96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2 (90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6 (94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 (95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6 (96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6 (96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1900; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">37.8 (100.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7 (89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7 (89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.9 (89.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8 (91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.3 (90.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9 (85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6 (83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5 (83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2 (84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4 (86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7 (89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0 (89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">30.9 (87.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7 (71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7 (72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4 (75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7 (78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4 (77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7 (74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1 (73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1 (73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1 (73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4 (74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0 (73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4 (72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.5 (74.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7 (62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7 (62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3 (64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9 (66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4 (65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0 (64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8 (67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0 (66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8 (65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6 (63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7 (62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.7 (62.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (0.01) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 (0.14) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 (0.10) </td> <td style="background: #C9FFC9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0 (1.38) </td> <td style="background: #00D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">199.5 (7.85) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">955.8 (37.63) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1,160.3 (45.68) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">792.6 (31.20) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">331.5 (13.05) </td> <td style="background: #00EB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">184.0 (7.24) </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.2 (2.96) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9 (1.33) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,774.1 (148.59) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 </td> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000C5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">24.5 </td> <td style="background: #000093; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">29.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">25.4 </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.3 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">119.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) (at 17:30 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>) </th> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0000F9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000CB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000DF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">75 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDextremes-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Puttur,_Karnataka" title="Puttur, Karnataka">Puttur, Karnataka</a>, India </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3 (88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8 (89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7 (90.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1 (91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4 (90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3 (84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0 (82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2 (82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8 (83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9 (85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8 (87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2 (88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">30.6 (87.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8 (69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0 (71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6 (74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2 (77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2 (77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.5 (74.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0 (73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1 (73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0 (73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2 (73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4 (72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0 (69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.0 (73.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 (0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 (0.2) </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63 (2.5) </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">208 (8.2) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">938 (36.9) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1,489 (58.6) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">858 (33.8) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">386 (15.2) </td> <td style="background: #000061; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">277 (10.9) </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81 (3.2) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22 (0.9) </td> <td style="background: #000030; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4,329 (170.4) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Climate-Data.org – Climate Table of Puttur, Karnataka, India<a href="#cite_note-CDO-18">[18]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legend">Legend</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legend">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parshuramsaraswats.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Parshuramsaraswats.jpg/220px-Parshuramsaraswats.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Parshuramsaraswats.jpg/330px-Parshuramsaraswats.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Parshuramsaraswats.jpg/440px-Parshuramsaraswats.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1245" data-file-height="942" /></a><figcaption>Parshurama asks Varuna to create the western coast from the sea</figcaption></figure> As per the Gramappadhathi, Dakshina Kannada (along with the rest of the west coast) was created by <a href="/wiki/Parashurama" title="Parashurama">Parshurama</a> standing on top of the Western Ghats, and caused the land to rise from the sea by throwing his axe. It was then given to 64 families of Brahmins to settle. He created a temple on Kunjaragiri Hill in memory of his mother. Kutashila spoken of in the <a href="/wiki/Markandeya_Purana" title="Markandeya Purana">Markandeya Purana</a> is believed to be the town of <a href="/wiki/Kollur,_Udupi_district" title="Kollur, Udupi district">Kollur</a>, the abode of <a href="/wiki/Mookambika_Temple,_Kollur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mookambika Temple, Kollur">Mookambika Devi</a>. Several rivers in the district, including the Netravati, are believed to be mentioned in the Markandeya Purana. Other traditions in the local Paddanas speak of <a href="/wiki/Mayurasharma" title="Mayurasharma">Mayurasharma</a>'s inviting of Brahmins from <a href="/wiki/Ahichchhatra" title="Ahichchhatra">Ahichchhatraa</a> and his organisation of the district.<a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early history">edit</a>]</div> The earliest recording of what would become Dakshina Kannada district is found in <a href="/wiki/Sangam_literature" title="Sangam literature">Sangam literature</a>, specifically in a poem of <a href="/wiki/Mamulanar" title="Mamulanar">Mamulanar</a>. <a href="/wiki/M._Govinda_Pai" title="M. Govinda Pai">M Govinda Pai</a> identified the kingdom of Harita mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Harivamsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Harivamsa">Harivamsha</a> as Dakshina Kannada, specifically correlating the word Mudugara with Moger, part of the title of the fishermen community in the district. Pai speculated as an alternative that the entire strip from North Kanara to Kanyakumari was inhabited by Nagas who worshipped snakes, and that the character Shankachuda mentioned in several works including the work <a href="/wiki/Nagananda" title="Nagananda">Nagananda</a>, was from this region.<a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> Several scholars identified the Satiyaputras mentioned in Ashoka's edicts as belonging to this region.<a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> The region, owing to its position on the west coast, also finds mention in Greek sources. <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a> mentioned pirates that infested the coast between the regions of Muziris and Nitiras, which many scholars have identified with the Netravati. <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> mentions two ports: Barace and Maganur which modern-day scholars identified with Barsur and Mangalore respectively. Ptolemy mentioned an inland centre of pirates called Oloikhera, which has been identified with Alvakheda, or territories of the Alupas. The region also finds mention in a play called the <a href="/wiki/Charition_mime" title="Charition mime">Chariton Mime</a>, which contains dialogue in a language scholars have variously interpreted as an early form of Kannada or Tulu.<a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alupas">Alupas</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Alupas">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alupas._Uncertain_ruler._14th_century.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alupas._Uncertain_ruler._14th_century.jpg/220px-Alupas._Uncertain_ruler._14th_century.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alupas._Uncertain_ruler._14th_century.jpg/330px-Alupas._Uncertain_ruler._14th_century.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Alupas._Uncertain_ruler._14th_century.jpg/440px-Alupas._Uncertain_ruler._14th_century.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>Alupa coins, 14th century</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Alupa_dynasty" title="Alupa dynasty">Alupas</a> (ಆಳುಪರು) ruled the erstwhile Dakshina Kannada region between the 8th and 14th century CE.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Their origins go back further, and if Greek identifications are to be believed the Alupas may have been prominent local chiefs since the 2nd century CE. The <a href="/wiki/Halmidi_inscription" title="Halmidi inscription">Halmidi inscription</a> of 450 CE mentions an Alupa chief fighting as a commander of the <a href="/wiki/Kadamba_dynasty" title="Kadamba dynasty">Kadambas</a> in a battle against the Kekayas and <a href="/wiki/Pallava_dynasty" title="Pallava dynasty">Pallavas</a>. In a stone inscription near Gudnapur dated to c. 500 CE, the Alupas are mentioned as subordinates to the Kadambas. In 602, the <a href="/wiki/Mahakuta_Pillar" title="Mahakuta Pillar">Mahakuta Pillar</a> inscription refers to the Aluvas as being conquered by <a href="/wiki/Kirttivarman_I" title="Kirttivarman I">Kirtivarman I</a> of the Chalukyas. In the <a href="/wiki/Aihole_inscription" title="Aihole inscription">Aihole inscription</a>, it appears the Chalukyas had crushed an Alupa rebellion in the early 7th century. During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Vinayaditya_of_Vatapi" title="Vinayaditya of Vatapi">Vinayadtiya</a>, it is mentioned how the Alupa chiefs helped the king restore peace after the disastrous war with the Pallavas. This Alupa ruler, Aluvarassa I, travelled from Mangalapura (modern Mangalore).<a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> After a civil war, and the overthrow of the Chalukyas by <a href="/wiki/Dantidurga" title="Dantidurga">Dantidurga</a> in 753, the Alupas entered into tributary relations with the Pallavas. Starting in the 9th century, the Alupas began to lose territory and <a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta dynasty">Rashtrakuta</a> king <a href="/wiki/Krishna_II" title="Krishna II">Krishna II</a> sent a military expedition which placed the Alupas firmly under Rashtrakuta control. When the Cholas occupied Alupa territory during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Rajaraja_I" title="Rajaraja I">Rajaraja I</a>, Bankideva Alupendra drove the Cholas out. In the late 11th and early 12th century, the Alupas had to acknowledge the suzerainty of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire" title="Western Chalukya Empire">Chalukyas of Kalyani</a>, before it was attacked by the <a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysalas</a> and forced to acknowledge their suzerainty.<a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Old_Malayalam" title="Old Malayalam">Old Malayalam</a> inscription (<a href="/wiki/Ramanthali_inscriptions" title="Ramanthali inscriptions">Ramanthali inscriptions</a>), dated to 1075 CE, mentioning king Kunda Alupa, the ruler of Alupa dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a>, can be found at <a href="/wiki/Ezhimala_(hill,_Kannur)" title="Ezhimala (hill, Kannur)">Ezhimala</a> (the former headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Mushika_dynasty" title="Mushika dynasty">Mushika dynasty</a>) near <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/North_Malabar" title="North Malabar">North Malabar</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>.<a href="#cite_note-laol-24">[24]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vijayanagara_Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Vijayanagara Empire">edit</a>]</div> A 1204 inscription shows Mangalore had regained its position as capital from <a href="/wiki/Barkur" title="Barkur">Barkur</a>. Over the course of the 13th and 14th centuries, Alupa power declined steadily until Alupakheda was annexed by the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayangara Empire</a>. The first Vijayanagara inscription in the district was from 1345 in <a href="/wiki/Attavar" title="Attavar">Attavara</a>. For the next three centuries, the empire administered Tulu Nadu with a firm hand especially as Tulu Nadu was the conduit through which much of their western trade, and how they secured horses from Arabia. <a href="/wiki/Harihara_I" title="Harihara I">Harihara Raya</a> built a fort at Barkur, and instituted a revenue system where half of crops went to the cultivators while the rest were divided between landlords, Brahmins and the state. <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Battuta" title="Ibn Battuta">Ibn Batutta</a> mentioned how the Muslim governor of 'Honore' paid tribute to a Vijayanagara revenue collector in Barkur with the title Wadiyar. While passing from Karwar to Kozhikode, he stayed in a port identified as 'Manjarur', identified as Mangalore, and noted the country to be prosperous but with few wheeled vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> Two hero stones dated to 1398 in <a href="/wiki/Bhatkal" title="Bhatkal">Bhatkal</a> record a rebellion in Tulu Nadu. At this time, the Alupa rule was basically ended and replaced with Barakur and Mangaluru rajyas, sometimes united into one Tulu Rajya. The governors were often transferred: during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Deva_Raya_II" title="Deva Raya II">Devaraya II</a>, there were eight governors of Mangaluru rajya. During the usurpation of <a href="/wiki/Saluva_Narasimha_Deva_Raya" title="Saluva Narasimha Deva Raya">Saluva Narasimharaya</a>, he did much to improve the horse trade, which had suffered under previous rulers with his governor Mallappa Nayaka. When <a href="/wiki/Krishnadevaraya" title="Krishnadevaraya">Krishnadevaraya</a> came to power, he largely relied on the local feudal chiefs to remain obedient. Sadashiva Nayaka of Keladi ruled over Barakuru, Mangaluru, Chandragutti and Araga rajyas.<a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portuguese_arrival">Portuguese arrival</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Portuguese arrival">edit</a>]</div> When the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese</a> first arrived in the region, they described Tulunadu as a prosperous trading country populated by both Moors (Muslims) and Genitles (Hindus). They were received well by Krishnadevaraya. But when they discovered Muslim merchants in Mangalore and Barakur, they blockaded the rivers leading there in 1526, they conquered Mangalore facing some resistance. Franciscan friars began preaching in Mangalore and the surrounding regions, while the Portuguese began collecting tribute in grain and other goods. In 1530, the Portuguese stormed the Mangalore fort again facing resistance they easily annihilated. In 1547, <a href="/wiki/Aliya_Rama_Raya" class="mw-redirect" title="Aliya Rama Raya">Aliya Rama Raya</a> entered into a treaty with the Portuguese by which all imports and exports passed through their hands. This treaty was highly unpopular among the local chiefs, who often resisted Portuguese tributary collection. Some chiefs even supported the alliance of sultanates which defeated Aliya Rama Raya at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talikota" title="Battle of Talikota">Battle of Talikota</a>, hoping to get rid of Portuguese influence. In 1571, this failed when the Portuguese defeated Bijapur at Goa.<a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ullal_Queen_Abbakka_Devi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Ullal_Queen_Abbakka_Devi.jpg/220px-Ullal_Queen_Abbakka_Devi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Ullal_Queen_Abbakka_Devi.jpg/330px-Ullal_Queen_Abbakka_Devi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Ullal_Queen_Abbakka_Devi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="369" data-file-height="246" /></a><figcaption>Statue of <a href="/wiki/Abbakka_Chowta" title="Abbakka Chowta">Rani Abbakka</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Abbakka_Chowta" title="Abbakka Chowta">Rani Abbakka</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chowta_dynasty_(Tulu_Nadu)" title="Chowta dynasty (Tulu Nadu)">Chowta</a> wife of <a href="/wiki/Banga_Arasa" title="Banga Arasa">Banga Raja</a> and the Queen of <a href="/wiki/Ullal" title="Ullal">Ullal</a>, fought the Portuguese. She stopped paying tribute to the Portuguese, causing them to send a fleet to Mangalore and force a settlement, but soon she aided the enemies of the Portuguese and again stopped tribute payment. In 1566, she defeated a Portuguese expedition and killed its commander, causing the Portuguese in Goa to send an armada to subdue her in 1567. On 15 January 1568, however, the Portuguese defeated the Rani and forced her to sign a new treaty.<a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nayakas_of_Keladi">Nayakas of Keladi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nayakas of Keladi">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Nayakas_of_Keladi" title="Nayakas of Keladi">Nayakas of Keladi</a> were a <a href="/wiki/Veerashaiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Veerashaiva">Veerashaiva</a> family which had ruled a large portion of Tulu Nadu starting in the 16th century, when they had control over Mangalore and the rest of Tulu Nadu. Eventually in 1613, Venkatappa Nayaka I became independent and was the most powerful ruler in Tulu Nadu, taking territory which owed fealty to Bijapur and aiding Rani Abbakka. Under <a href="/wiki/Shivappa_Nayaka" title="Shivappa Nayaka">Shivappa Nayaka</a>, the Nayakas of Keladi, now with capital at <a href="/wiki/Nagara,_Karnataka" title="Nagara, Karnataka">Bidnur</a>, conquered the entirety of Tulu Nadu. Shivappa Nayaka utterly defeated the power of the Portuguese in Tulu Nadu. His successor made a treaty with the Portuguese where they could set up unarmed factories in Mangalore and Basrur, but were not to convert the locals. His successor, <a href="/wiki/Keladi_Chennamma" title="Keladi Chennamma">Keladi Chennamma</a>, is famous for sheltering <a href="/wiki/Rajaram_I" title="Rajaram I">Rajaram</a> and fending off <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>'s forces. She also put down rebellions of Tuluva chieftains. During this time Arab traders, who were kicked out by the Portuguese, burnt Mangalore and other trade towns. In 1714, due to trade disputes, the Portuguese bombarded Mangalore and defeated the ruler Basavappa Nayaka I, who promised to ban Arab traders from entering. From 1757 to 1763, while Queen Veerammaji was looking after the kingdom, the <a href="/wiki/Ali_Raja" title="Ali Raja">Ali Raja</a> of Kannur along with Maratha followers led a devastating raid into the district. They plundered to Manjeshwar and took a large booty from the Kollur Mookambika temple.<a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mysore_rule">Mysore rule</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Mysore rule">edit</a>]</div> Due to this unrest, <a href="/wiki/Hyder_Ali" title="Hyder Ali">Hyder Ali</a> was able to sack Bidnur in 1763 and annex Tulu Nadu the same year. He conquered Mangalore, and set a governor Latif Ali Baig. This threatened English shipping in the Arabian Sea, so during the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="First Anglo-Mysore War">First Anglo Mysore War</a> in 1766 Company soldiers from Bombay conquered Mangalore. However, as soon as he heard the news of the capture of Bangalore, <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a> made a lightning attack on Mangalore and forced the British to retreat only a week after they captured Mangalore. Hyder Ali then confiscated all Portuguese holdings in the region due to their support for the English. In 1770, Hyder Ali made a treaty with the British allowing for rice to be supplied from Mangalore to Bombay. The next year, he gave Portuguese some privileges back such as the ability to evangelize. However, in 1776, Hyder Ali revoked all these privileges, ejected the Portuguese from Mangalore and built up a large navy in the region.<a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Second Anglo-Mysore War">Second Anglo-Mysore War</a> starting in 1781 the British quickly took over most of Tulunadu, as well as Bidnur, due to the treachery of the fort's guardian Iyaz Khan. In March 1783, however, they were forced to capitulate the fort. Tippu also sent a large force to besiege Mangalore, and after two months took the fort. Tippu's rule was harsh for the local chiefs, who he executed and dispossessed due to their perceived collaboration with the English.<a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_rule_and_early_resistance">British rule and early resistance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: British rule and early resistance">edit</a>]</div> During the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War in 1799, the British returned the lands to their feudal chiefs. After Tippu's defeat, the British gave the Raja of <a href="/wiki/Coorg_State" title="Coorg State">Coorg</a> several maganes which had been taken from him by Hyder Ali and set up their administration, with Thomas Munro the first Collector of Kanara. However Vittala Hegde, who had fled when Tippu campaigned in Tulunadu and returned at the start of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, began to develop an armed following to retake his lands. His ally Subba Rao attacked the Tehsildar of Kadaba, but was defeated by a British ally, Kumara Hegde. In July 1800, the British pursued the last remnants of Vittala Hedge's army into Shishila Ghat, where they were defeated and many of the chief rebels were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> At this time, the district was in severe distress due to the many bloody wars waged across it. The British deputed an administrator to study the economic condition of Kanara district, which noted severe deprivation in the south but more commerce further north. The Company then imposed harsh revenue demands on the poor peasants, who were already reeling from depression. The peasants organised themselves and participated in a 'no-tax' campaign, forcing the British to rethink their tax policy on the poor. The British then invaded Coorg when its ruler objected to British interference and took all territory of the state below the Western Ghats, adding it to Kanara district.<a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> In 1837, the British faced the <a href="/wiki/Amara_Sullia_Rebellion" title="Amara Sullia Rebellion">Amara Sullia</a> rebellion. After the British had deposed Kalyanaswami, a pretender to the throne of Coorg, he went to <a href="/wiki/Bellare,_Dakshina_Kannada" title="Bellare, Dakshina Kannada">Bellare</a>, and gathered a large number of supporters who marched on Puttur. Kalyanaswami defeated two companies of sepoys near Puttur, and Kalyanaswami then marched on Mangalore, causing the British to flee. For two weeks Kalyanaswami held Mangalore, released prisoners and set the homes of British soldiers alight. When British forces came from Thalassery to Mangalore, his poorly armed forces melted away. Kalyanaswami and other prominent leaders were hanged while others were deported to Singapore.<a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> Before 1860, Dakshina Kannada was part of a district called <a href="/wiki/Kanara" title="Kanara">Kanara</a>, which was under a single administration in the <a href="/wiki/Madras_Presidency" title="Madras Presidency">Madras Presidency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> In 1860, the British split the area into <a href="/wiki/South_Canara" title="South Canara">South Canara</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Canara" class="mw-redirect" title="North Canara">North Canara</a>, the former being retained in the Madras Presidency, while the latter was made a part of <a href="/wiki/Bombay_Presidency" title="Bombay Presidency">Bombay Presidency</a> in 1862.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kundapur_Taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kundapur Taluk">Kundapur Taluk</a> was earlier included in North Kanara but was later re-included in South Kanara.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> South Kanara included present Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, Kasaragod districts and the <a href="/wiki/Aminidivi" title="Aminidivi">Aminidivi</a> Islands.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_movement">Independence movement</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Independence movement">edit</a>]</div> During the 1920s, several newspapers in the district drew inspiration from the freedom struggle such as Tilaka Sandesh, Satyagrahi and others. South Kanara participated in the non-cooperation movement led in the district by <a href="/wiki/Karnad_Sadashiva_Rao" title="Karnad Sadashiva Rao">Karnad Sadashiva Rao</a>. All independence movement movements gained significant traction in the district, and Gandhi and Nehru both visited Mangalore during the Freedom struggle. In 1942 large numbers of leaders were jailed in the Quit India movement.<a href="#cite_note-:1-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-independence">Post-independence</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Post-independence">edit</a>]</div> In 1947 South Kanara joined India as part of Madras State. In 1956, the states were reorganised on linguistic lines. The Malayalam-majority Kasaragod subdivision became a part of Kerala, the Aminidivi Islands were joined with the Laccadive and Minicoy islands in a union territory, while the Tulu and Kannada majority Dakshina Kannada subdivision became a district of <a href="/wiki/Mysore_State" title="Mysore State">Mysore State</a> in 1956 which later was renamed <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-kasaragod-32">[32]</a> The Udupi district was formed from the northern taluks of Dakshina Kannada in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Later, the <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> Government, for the purpose of administration, split the greater Dakshina Kannada district into Udupi and present day Dakshina Kannada districts on 15 August 1997.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Three taluks of the former district – <a href="/wiki/Udupi_taluk" title="Udupi taluk">Udupi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karkala_taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Karkala taluk">Karkala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kundapura_taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kundapura taluk">Kundapura</a> – formed the new <a href="/wiki/Udupi_district" title="Udupi district">Udupi district</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Administration">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dk-dist-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Dk-dist-map.png/220px-Dk-dist-map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Dk-dist-map.png/330px-Dk-dist-map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Dk-dist-map.png/440px-Dk-dist-map.png 2x" data-file-width="543" data-file-height="499" /></a><figcaption>Map showing the taluks of Dakshina Kannada District</figcaption></figure> The district comprises nine <a href="/wiki/List_of_taluks_of_Karnataka" title="List of taluks of Karnataka">talukas</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puttur,_Karnataka" title="Puttur, Karnataka">Puttur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sullia" title="Sullia">Sullia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bantwal" title="Bantwal">Bantwal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belthangady" title="Belthangady">Belthangady</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kadaba" title="Kadaba">Kadaba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ullal" title="Ullal">Ullala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mulki,_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulki, Karnataka">Mulki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moodabidri" title="Moodabidri">Moodabidri</a>. It used to include seven northern talukas (<a href="/wiki/Udupi" title="Udupi">Udupi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kundapur" title="Kundapur">Kundapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karkala" title="Karkala">Karkala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebri" title="Hebri">Hebri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahmavar" title="Brahmavar">Brahmavar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kapu,_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapu, Karnataka">Kaup</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byndoor" title="Byndoor">Byndoor</a>), but these were separated in August 1997 to form <a href="/wiki/Udupi_district" title="Udupi district">Udupi district</a>. The office where taluk administration is hosted is called "Taluk Kacheri". The Taluk (Taluka or Tehsil) are further divided into Hobli's. Mangalore, <a href="/wiki/Surathkal" title="Surathkal">Surathkal</a>, Gurupura and Mulki are Hobli's under Mangaluru taluk. Panemamangalore, Vitla and Bantval are under Bantwal taluk. Puttur and Uppinangady are under Puttur taluk. Belthangadi, Kokkada and Venoor are under Belthangady taluk. Sulya and Panja Hobli's are under Sullia taluk. The newly formed taluks of Moodabidri, Ullala and Kadaba have one Hobli each. The office in which Hoblis function is called "Nada Kacheri". The district has 2 revenue subdivisions, namely Mangaluru and Puttur. Mangaluru subdivision has 5 taluks and Puttur subdivision has 4 taluks. Important cities and towns in Dakshina Kannada include <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surathkal" title="Surathkal">Surathkal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puttur,_Karnataka" title="Puttur, Karnataka">Puttur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sullia" title="Sullia">Sullia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bantwal" title="Bantwal">Bantwal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vittal_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vittal (town)">Vittal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moodabidri" title="Moodabidri">Moodabidri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kinnigoli" title="Kinnigoli">Kinnigoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uppinangadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Uppinangadi">Uppinangady</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelliyadi" title="Nelliyadi">Nellyadi</a>, Kadaba, <a href="/wiki/Belthangady" title="Belthangady">Belthangady</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guruvayankere" class="mw-redirect" title="Guruvayankere">Guruvayankere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venur" title="Venur">Venur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mulki,_India" title="Mulki, India">Mulki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dharmasthala" title="Dharmasthala">Dharmasthala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ujire" title="Ujire">Ujire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subramanya,_Karnataka" title="Subramanya, Karnataka">Subramanya</a>. The district is well known for beaches, red clay roof tiles (<a href="/wiki/Mangalore_tiles" title="Mangalore tiles">Mangalore tiles</a>), cashew nut and its products, banking, education, healthcare and cuisine. <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a> being the second largest city of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puttur,_Karnataka" title="Puttur, Karnataka">Puttur</a> are the largest and the major cities of Dakshina Kannada. Dakshina Kannada District has 1 City Corporation (Mangalore), 2 City Municipal Councils, 3 Town Municipal Councils, and 8 Town Panchayaths. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;margin:0.5em auto;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">485,304</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">516,051</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.62%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">546,146</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.57%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">596,400</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.88%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">666,222</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.11%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">755,100</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.26%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">915,039</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.94%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,163,668</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,428,028</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.07%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,656,165</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.49%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,897,730</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.37%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,089,649</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.97%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">source:<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> According to the <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011 census</a>, Dakshina Kannada has a <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_India" title="Demographics of India">population</a> of 2,089,649, of which male and female were 1,034,714 and 1,054,935 respectively.<a href="#cite_note-districtcensus-2">[2]</a> roughly equal to the nation of <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> This gives it a ranking of 220th in India (out of a total of <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of India">640</a>).<a href="#cite_note-districtcensus-2">[2]</a> The district has a population density of 457 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,180/sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-districtcensus-2">[2]</a> Its <a href="/wiki/Family_planning_in_India" title="Family planning in India">population growth rate</a> over the decade 2001–2011 was 9.8%.<a href="#cite_note-districtcensus-2">[2]</a> Dakshina Kannada has a <a href="/wiki/Sex_ratio" title="Sex ratio">sex ratio</a> of 1018 <a href="/wiki/Women_in_India" title="Women in India">females</a> for every 1000 males<a href="#cite_note-districtcensus-2">[2]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_India" title="Literacy in India">literacy rate</a> of 88.62%. 47.67% of the population lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 7.09% and 3.94% of the population respectively.<a href="#cite_note-districtcensus-2">[2]</a> The literacy rate of Mangalore city is 94%.<a href="#cite_note-districtcensus-2">[2]</a> According to the 2011 Indian Census, the district ranks second in <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">per capita income</a>,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> second in <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a>,<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> first in literacy<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> and third in sex ratio among all districts in <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dkratio-41">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tuluvas" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuluvas">Tuluvas</a>, distributed among the <a href="/wiki/Billava" title="Billava">Billava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mogaveera" title="Mogaveera">Mogaveera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunt_(community)" title="Bunt (community)">Bunt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kulala" title="Kulala">Kulala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulu_Gowda" title="Tulu Gowda">Tulu Gowda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Devadiga" title="Devadiga">Devadiga</a> communities, are the largest ethnic group in the district. Of these the Billavas are the most numerous community.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Konkani_people" title="Konkani people">Konkani people</a>, Brahmins, <a href="/wiki/Holeya" title="Holeya">Holeyas</a>, the hill-tribes (<a href="/wiki/Koraga_people" title="Koraga people">Koragas</a>), <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_Catholics" title="Mangalorean Catholics">Mangalorean Catholics</a> and Arebhashe Gowdas comprise rest of the population.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The Brahmins belong chiefly to the <a href="/wiki/Shivalli_Brahmins" title="Shivalli Brahmins">Shivalli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saraswat_Brahmin" title="Saraswat Brahmin">Saraswat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Havyaka_Brahmin" class="mw-redirect" title="Havyaka Brahmin">Havyaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chitpavan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chitpavan">Chitpavan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daivadnya_Brahmin" class="mw-redirect" title="Daivadnya Brahmin">Daivadnya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kota_Brahmins" title="Kota Brahmins">Kota</a> sub-sections.<a href="#cite_note-shodhganga-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 15915.284869129px; border-left-color:brown"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:brown"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:brown"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 2651.3256287233px; border-left-color:dodgerblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:dodgerblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:dodgerblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 162.04028779102px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:88.169902595537px 47.181228007477px 0 0; border-top-color:darkorange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkorange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Religion in Dakshina Kannada <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (67.18%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (24.02%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Karnataka" title="Christianity in Karnataka">Christianity</a> (8.20%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Karnataka" title="Jainism in Karnataka">Jainism</a> (0.50%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Others (0.10%)</div> </div> </div></div> In Dakshina Kannada, Hindus form the majority, while Muslims and Christians form significant minorities. Muslims and Christians have greater presence in urban areas.<a href="#cite_note-religion-45">[45]</a> The Beary community forms 90% of Dakshina Kannada's Muslim population. The <a href="/wiki/Masjid_Zeenath_Baksh" title="Masjid Zeenath Baksh">Masjid Zeenath Baksh</a>, the oldest mosque in the region, was built in 644 CE, only 12 years after the death of Muhammad.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Almost all Muslims in Dakshina Kannada are Sunni, following the <a href="/wiki/Shafi%CA%BDi_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafiʽi school">Shafi'i school</a> of jurisprudence.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The majority of Christians in the district are Catholics, now called the <a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_Catholics" title="Mangalorean Catholics">Mangalorean Catholics</a>. They trace their ancestry to Goa.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> A minority are Protestants, its followers were converted by missionaries in the late 1800s who established numerous educational institutions.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Historically Jainism and Buddhism had a significant presence in the district. Jainism was the traditional religion of the <a href="/wiki/Alupa_dynasty" title="Alupa dynasty">Alupas</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Chowta_dynasty_(Tulu_Nadu)" title="Chowta dynasty (Tulu Nadu)">Chowtas</a>. The Chowtas ruled Dakshina Kannada during the Portuguese invasions of the 1500s.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Language">edit</a>]</div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 159154.92214786px; border-left-color:grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:grey"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 243.14800738686px; border-left-color:darkslateblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkslateblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:darkslateblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 68.143789079865px; border-left-color:salmon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:salmon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:salmon"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.969978165716px 2.4501970423192px 0 0; border-top-color:cornflowerblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:cornflowerblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:79.55157848876px 60.593286426359px 0 0; border-top-color:limegreen"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:limegreen"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 1109.9750318873px 100px 0; border-right-color:deepskyblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:deepskyblue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Languages of Dakshina Kannada (2011)<a href="#cite_note-languages-4">[4]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu</a> (48.57%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Beary_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Beary language">Beary</a> (16.07%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> (9.97%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a> (9.91%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> (9.27%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Others (6.20%)</div> </div> </div></div> <a href="/wiki/Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu</a> is the major language of the district and is spoken by 48.6% of the population. It is the oldest language of the district and has a long literary tradition. Tulu has several dialects and sociolects including a Northern dialect near Udupi and Southern dialect centred on Mangalore. It is the majority language in Bantwal, Beltangadi and Puttur taluks. Many have demanded the language's inclusion in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution. <a href="/wiki/Beary_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Beary language">Beary</a> is the next largest language, spoken by 22.4% of the population, and is spoken by the Muslim community who were traditionally traders. Although in origin related to <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a>, it has undergone significant influence from Tulu as well as <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and the languages of other foreign traders. It is not recognized as a language in the census. <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a> is the 3rd largest language, spoken by 9.9% of the population. The dialect of Konkani here has strong influence from Tulu and Kannada. <a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a>, even though the official language of the state, is only spoken by 9.3% of the population here. There are many dialects of Kannada spoken, some of which are <a href="/wiki/Arebhashe_dialect" title="Arebhashe dialect">Are Bhashe</a>, spoken by <a href="/wiki/Tulu_Gowda" title="Tulu Gowda">Gowdas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Havigannada_dialect" title="Havigannada dialect">Havigannada</a>, spoken by the <a href="/wiki/Havyaka_Brahmins" title="Havyaka Brahmins">Havyaka Brahmin</a> community. <a href="/wiki/Malayalam_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Malayalam language">Malayalam</a> is 3.6% spoken by <a href="/wiki/Maniyani_(caste)" title="Maniyani (caste)">Maniyani</a> (Yadava) and <a href="/wiki/Chakkala_Nair" title="Chakkala Nair">Vaniya</a> community mainly in regions bordering Kerala. <a href="/wiki/Deccani_language" title="Deccani language">Deccani Urdu</a> is spoken by 1.6% mainly seen in Mangalore city and Moodabidri. <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> are also spoken by very small minorities.<a href="#cite_note-languages-4">[4]</a> <a href="/wiki/Koraga_language" title="Koraga language">Koraga</a> is an indigenous tribal language still spoken by some individuals in the district.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_research">Education and research</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Education and research">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Aloysius_college.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/St._Aloysius_college.jpg/220px-St._Aloysius_college.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/St._Aloysius_college.jpg/330px-St._Aloysius_college.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/St._Aloysius_college.jpg/440px-St._Aloysius_college.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Aloysius_College_(Mangalore)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Aloysius College (Mangalore)">St Aloysius College, Mangalore</a></figcaption></figure> In Dakshina Kannada, primary and secondary education have reached every section of the society. Some of them are St Agnes <a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Secondary_Education" title="Central Board of Secondary Education">CBSE</a> school, St Theresa <a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Secondary_Education" title="Central Board of Secondary Education">ICSE</a> School and St Aloysius School, Vivekananda collage,<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> A host of educational institutes offering courses in <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">Engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharmacy" title="Pharmacy">Pharmacy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">Nursing</a>, Hotel and Catering, Law and Management are in this district.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Dakshina Kannada is home to the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology_Karnataka" title="National Institute of Technology Karnataka">National Institute of Technology Karnataka</a> (NITK) <a href="/wiki/Surathkal" title="Surathkal">Surathkal</a>, one of India's top engineering colleges.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The <a href="/wiki/College_of_Fisheries" class="mw-redirect" title="College of Fisheries">College of Fisheries</a> is located at Yekkur near <a href="/wiki/Kankanady" class="mw-redirect" title="Kankanady">Kankanady</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mangalore_University" title="Mangalore University">Mangalore University</a> is a public university in <a href="/wiki/Konaje" title="Konaje">Konaje</a> near <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> It has jurisdiction over the districts of Dakshina Kannada, <a href="/wiki/Udupi_district" title="Udupi district">Udupi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kodagu_district" title="Kodagu district">Kodagu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The district is home to research institutes such as the Directorate of Cashew Research at <a href="/wiki/Puttur,_Karnataka" title="Puttur, Karnataka">Puttur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> The Central Plantation Crops Research Institute is in <a href="/wiki/Vitla" title="Vitla">Vitla</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bantwal" title="Bantwal">Bantwal</a> taluk.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NITK_mangalore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/NITK_mangalore.jpg/220px-NITK_mangalore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/NITK_mangalore.jpg/330px-NITK_mangalore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/NITK_mangalore.jpg/440px-NITK_mangalore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/NITK_Surathkal" class="mw-redirect" title="NITK Surathkal">NITK Surathkal</a></figcaption></figure>The engineering colleges in the district include <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_Engineering_College" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Joseph Engineering College">St. Joseph Engineering College</a>, <a href="/wiki/KVG_College_of_Engineering" title="KVG College of Engineering">KVG College of Engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangalore_Institute_of_Technology_%26_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangalore Institute of Technology & Engineering">Mangalore Institute of Technology & Engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canara_Engineering_College" title="Canara Engineering College">Canara Engineering College</a>, <a href="/wiki/P_A_College_of_Engineering" title="P A College of Engineering">P A College of Engineering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srinivas_Group_of_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Srinivas Group of College">Srinivas Institute of Technology</a>, Srinivas School of Engineering, Vivekananda College of Engineering & Technology, Shree Devi Institute of Technology, Alvas Institute of Engineering & Technology, Karavali Institute of Technology, Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management, Yenepoya Institute of Technology, <a href="/wiki/AJ_Institute_of_Engineering_and_Technology" title="AJ Institute of Engineering and Technology">A J Institute of Engineering and Technology</a>,<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <a href="/wiki/SDM_College,_Ujire" title="SDM College, Ujire">SDM Institute of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bearys_Institute_of_Technology" title="Bearys Institute of Technology">Bearys Institute of Technology</a> and Prasanna College of Engineering & Technology.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The medical colleges in the district include <a href="/wiki/A_J_Institute_of_Medical_Science" title="A J Institute of Medical Science">A J Institute of Medical Science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Father_Muller_Medical_College" title="Father Muller Medical College">Father Muller Medical College</a>, <a href="/wiki/KS_Hegde_Medical_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="KS Hegde Medical Academy">KS Hegde Medical Academy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasturba_Medical_College" title="Kasturba Medical College">Kasturba Medical College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srinivas_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences_and_Research_Centre" title="Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre">Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yenepoya_University" title="Yenepoya University">Yenepoya Medical College</a> & Research Institute, G R Medical College and KVG Medical College. <a href="/wiki/Manipal_College_of_Dental_Sciences_Mangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore">Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore</a>, A B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, A J Institute of Dental Sciences, <a href="/wiki/Yenepoya_University" title="Yenepoya University">Yenepoya Dental College</a> & Research Institute and Srinivas Institute of Dental Sciences are some of the dental colleges.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The District is also home to <a href="/wiki/Edward_%26_Cynthia_Institute_of_Public_Health" title="Edward & Cynthia Institute of Public Health">Edward & Cynthia Institute of Public Health</a>, which is the only specialized institute for public health academics, training and research in the district. The Degree colleges in the district include <a href="/wiki/St._Aloysius_College_(Mangalore)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Aloysius College (Mangalore)">St Aloysius College (Autonomous)</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Agnes_College_(Mangalore)" title="St. Agnes College (Mangalore)">St Agnes College (Autonomous)</a>, SDM College, <a href="/wiki/Canara_College" title="Canara College">Canara College</a>, Besant College, Govinda Dasa College etc <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultures,_traditions_and_rituals">Cultures, traditions and rituals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Cultures, traditions and rituals">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mangaluru_tiles_Home.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mangaluru_tiles_Home.jpg/220px-Mangaluru_tiles_Home.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mangaluru_tiles_Home.jpg/330px-Mangaluru_tiles_Home.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mangaluru_tiles_Home.jpg/440px-Mangaluru_tiles_Home.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Traditional house in Puttur</figcaption></figure>Most people of this district follow traditional traditions, customs and rituals.<a href="#cite_note-shodhganga-44">[44]</a> The district has many temples of Hindu gods and goddesses, which are ancient and have deep spiritualism attached to them. The people of Dakshina Kannada worship the Serpent God <a href="/wiki/Murukan" class="mw-redirect" title="Murukan">Subramanya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> According to legend, the district was reclaimed by <a href="/wiki/Parashurama" title="Parashurama">Parashurama</a> from the sea.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> According to the 17th-century <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> work <a href="/wiki/Keralolpathi" title="Keralolpathi">Keralolpathi</a>, the lands of <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tulu_Nadu" title="Tulu Nadu">Tulu Nadu</a> were recovered from the sea by the axe-wielding warrior sage <a href="/wiki/Parasurama" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasurama">Parasurama</a>, the sixth <a href="/wiki/Da%C5%9B%C4%81vat%C4%81ra" class="mw-redirect" title="Daśāvatāra">avatar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> (hence, Kerala is also called Parasurama Kshetram 'The Land of Parasurama'<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a>). Parasurama threw his axe across the sea, and the water receded as far as it reached.<figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yakshagana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Yakshagana.jpg/220px-Yakshagana.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Yakshagana.jpg/330px-Yakshagana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Yakshagana.jpg/440px-Yakshagana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2140" data-file-height="1996" /></a><figcaption>Yakshagana artists</figcaption></figure> According to legend, this new area of land extended from <a href="/wiki/Gokarna,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gokarna, India">Gokarna</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The land which rose from sea was filled with salt and unsuitable for habitation; so Parasurama invoked the Snake King <a href="/wiki/Vasuki_(snake)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasuki (snake)">Vasuki</a>, who spat holy poison and converted the soil into fertile lush green land. Out of respect, Vasuki and all snakes were appointed as protectors and guardians of the land. <a href="/wiki/P._T._Srinivasa_Iyengar" title="P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar">P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar</a> theorised, that <a href="/wiki/Senguttuvan" class="mw-redirect" title="Senguttuvan">Senguttuvan</a> may have been inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Parasurama" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasurama">Parasurama</a> legend, which was brought by early Aryan settlers.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nagaradhane" title="Nagaradhane">Nagaradhane</a> or snake worship is practiced according to the popular belief of the <a href="/wiki/N%C4%81ga" title="Nāga">Naga Devatha</a> to go underground and guard the species on the top.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Rituals such as <a href="/wiki/Buta_Kola" title="Buta Kola">Bhuta Kola</a> are performed to satisfy the spirits. <a href="/wiki/Kambala" title="Kambala">Kambala</a>, a form of buffalo race on muddy track in the paddy field is organised in 16 sites across the district.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cockfighting" title="Cockfighting">Cock fight</a> (Kori Katta in Tulu) is another pastime of the rural agrarian people.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jumma_mazjid,_Zinad_Baksh,_Bunder,_Mangalore-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jumma_mazjid%2C_Zinad_Baksh%2C_Bunder%2C_Mangalore-2.jpg/220px-Jumma_mazjid%2C_Zinad_Baksh%2C_Bunder%2C_Mangalore-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jumma_mazjid%2C_Zinad_Baksh%2C_Bunder%2C_Mangalore-2.jpg/330px-Jumma_mazjid%2C_Zinad_Baksh%2C_Bunder%2C_Mangalore-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Jumma_mazjid%2C_Zinad_Baksh%2C_Bunder%2C_Mangalore-2.jpg/440px-Jumma_mazjid%2C_Zinad_Baksh%2C_Bunder%2C_Mangalore-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2597" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Masjid_Zeenath_Baksh" title="Masjid Zeenath Baksh">Masjid Zeenath Baksh</a> is one of the oldest Masjids in the Indian subcontinent built around 644 AD</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a> is the popular folk art of this district.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a> is a night-long dance and drama performance practiced in Tulu Nadu with great fanfare.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hulivesha" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulivesha">Pilivesha</a> (literally, tiger dance) is a unique form of folk dance in the region fascinating the young and the old alike, which is performed during <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Dasara" title="Mysore Dasara">Dasara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Krishna Janmashtami</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Karadi Vesha (literally, bear dance) is another popular dance performed during <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Dasara" title="Mysore Dasara">Dasara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DAIJI-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The people of Dakshina Kannada also celebrate traditional Hindu festivals like <a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Bisu</a>, Yugadi (<a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a>), <a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Krishna Janmashtami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganesha_Chaturthi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganesha Chaturthi">Ganesha Chaturthi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> (<a href="/wiki/Navratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Navratri">Dasara</a>), <a href="/wiki/Deepavali" class="mw-redirect" title="Deepavali">Deepavali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aati_kalenja" title="Aati kalenja">Aati</a> Hunime, etc.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Mappila" class="mw-redirect" title="Mappila">Kerala Muslim</a> tradition, the <a href="/wiki/Masjid_Zeenath_Baksh" title="Masjid Zeenath Baksh">Masjid Zeenath Baksh</a> at <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a> is one of the <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_India" title="Islam in India">oldest mosques</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Legend_of_Cheraman_Perumals" class="mw-redirect" title="Legend of Cheraman Perumals">Legend of Cheraman Perumals</a>, the first Indian mosque was built in 624 AD at <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a> with the mandate of the last the ruler (the Cheraman Perumal) of <a href="/wiki/Chera_dynasty" title="Chera dynasty">Chera dynasty</a>, who left from <a href="/wiki/Dharmadom" title="Dharmadom">Dharmadom</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> and converted to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> during the lifetime of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a> (c. 570–632).<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-SimpsonKresse2008-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kupferschmidt1987-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-Raṇṭattāṇi2007-86">[86]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Qissat_Shakarwati_Farmad" title="Qissat Shakarwati Farmad">Qissat Shakarwati Farmad</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Masjids</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Kodungallur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madayi" title="Madayi">Madayi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barkur" title="Barkur">Barkur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kasaragod" title="Kasaragod">Kasaragod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dharmadam" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharmadam">Dharmadam</a>, Panthalayani (<a href="/wiki/Koyilandy" title="Koyilandy">Koyilandy</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Chaliyam" title="Chaliyam">Chaliyam</a>, were built during the era of <a href="/wiki/Malik_Dinar" title="Malik Dinar">Malik Dinar</a>, and they are among the oldest Masjids in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> It is believed that <a href="/wiki/Malik_Dinar" title="Malik Dinar">Malik Dinar</a> died at <a href="/wiki/Thalangara" title="Thalangara">Thalangara</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kasaragod" title="Kasaragod">Kasaragod</a> town.<a href="#cite_note-ch-88">[88]</a> Two of them, Mangalore and <a href="/wiki/Barkur" title="Barkur">Barkur</a> lie in <a href="/wiki/Tulu_Nadu" title="Tulu Nadu">Tulu Nadu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ch-88">[88]</a> The 16th century work <a href="/wiki/Tuhfat_Ul_Mujahideen" title="Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen">Tuhfat Ul Mujahideen</a> written by <a href="/wiki/Zainuddin_Makhdoom_II" title="Zainuddin Makhdoom II">Zainuddin Makhdoom II</a> appears to be the first historical work written in detail about the contemporary history of Mangalore. It is written in <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> and contains pieces of information about the resistance put up by the navy of <a href="/wiki/Kunjali_Marakkar" title="Kunjali Marakkar">Kunjali Marakkar</a> alongside the <a href="/wiki/Zamorin" title="Zamorin">Zamorin</a> of <a href="/wiki/Calicut" class="mw-redirect" title="Calicut">Calicut</a> from 1498 to 1583 against Portuguese attempts to colonize <a href="/wiki/Tulu_Nadu" title="Tulu Nadu">Tulu Nadu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malabar_coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Malabar coast">Malabar coast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-A._Sreedhara_Menon_2011-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-frontline.in-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mangalore_Airport_airside.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mangalore_Airport_airside.jpg/220px-Mangalore_Airport_airside.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mangalore_Airport_airside.jpg/330px-Mangalore_Airport_airside.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Mangalore_Airport_airside.jpg/440px-Mangalore_Airport_airside.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2640" data-file-height="1980" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jet_Airways" title="Jet Airways">Jet Airways</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Mangaluru_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangaluru Airport">Mangalore International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> The district is connected by air through the <a href="/wiki/Mangaluru_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangaluru Airport">Mangalore International Airport</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bajpe" title="Bajpe">Bajpe</a>. Airlines such as <a href="/wiki/Air_India" title="Air India">Air India</a>, <a href="/wiki/SpiceJet" title="SpiceJet">SpiceJet</a> and <a href="/wiki/IndiGo" title="IndiGo">IndiGo</a> offer daily flights to national and international destinations near the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Bus services in this district are run by private players namely <a href="/wiki/Dakshina_Kannada_Bus_Operators%27_Association" title="Dakshina Kannada Bus Operators' Association">Dakshina Kannada Bus Operators' Association</a> (DKBOA)<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> and the state-run <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation">KSRTC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> The district had public limited (public listed) companies running transport business even before the independence of India in 1947.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The district has five national highways connecting parts of Karnataka and India. <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_66_(India)" title="National Highway 66 (India)">NH-66</a> connects the district with <a href="/wiki/Udupi" title="Udupi">Udupi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karwar" title="Karwar">Karwar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a>.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_169_(India)" title="National Highway 169 (India)">NH-169</a> connects <a href="/wiki/Shimoga" title="Shimoga">Shimoga</a> with Dakshina Kannada.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_75_(India)" title="National Highway 75 (India)">NH-75</a> connects the district with <a href="/wiki/Vellore" title="Vellore">Vellore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolar,_Karnataka" title="Kolar, Karnataka">Kolar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kunigal" title="Kunigal">Kunigal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hassan,_Karnataka" title="Hassan, Karnataka">Hassan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sakleshpur" title="Sakleshpur">Sakleshpur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_73_(India)" title="National Highway 73 (India)">NH-73</a> connects Mangalore to <a href="/wiki/Tumkur" title="Tumkur">Tumkur</a> via <a href="/wiki/Charmadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Charmadi">Charmadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mudigere" title="Mudigere">Mudigere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belur,_Karnataka" title="Belur, Karnataka">Belur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tiptur" title="Tiptur">Tiptur</a>. Major ghat sections in Dakshina Kannada include <a href="/wiki/Shiradi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiradi">Shiradi</a> Ghat (<a href="/wiki/Nelliyadi" title="Nelliyadi">Nelyadi</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sakleshpura" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakleshpura">Sakleshpura</a>), Charmadi Ghat (<a href="/wiki/Charmadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Charmadi">Charmadi</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kottigehara" title="Kottigehara">Kottigehara</a>), Sampaje Ghat (<a href="/wiki/Sampaje" title="Sampaje">Sampaje</a> to <a href="/wiki/Madikeri" title="Madikeri">Madikeri</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Bisle" title="Bisle">Bisle</a> Ghat (Subramanya to <a href="/wiki/Sakleshpura" class="mw-redirect" title="Sakleshpura">Sakleshpura</a>, popularly known as <a href="/wiki/Green_Route" title="Green Route">Green Route</a> by <a href="/wiki/Backpacking_(wilderness)" class="mw-redirect" title="Backpacking (wilderness)">trekkers</a>).<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_275_(India)" title="National Highway 275 (India)">NH-275</a> also connects Mangalore with Bangalore via Mysore.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> It starts at <a href="/wiki/Bantwal" title="Bantwal">Bantwal</a> near <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a> city and passes through <a href="/wiki/Puttur,_Karnataka" title="Puttur, Karnataka">Puttur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madikeri" title="Madikeri">Madikeri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunsur" title="Hunsur">Hunsur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandya" title="Mandya">Mandya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Channapatna" title="Channapatna">Channapatna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> It ends at <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> spanning a length of 378 kilometres (235 mi).<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <table border="1" align="center" style="border-collapse:collapse"> <caption>Highways passing through Dakshina Kannada </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#7AC5CD; width:10%"> Highway </th> <th style="background:#7AC5CD; width:12%;"> Starting Point </th> <th style="background:#7AC5CD; width:15%;"> Ending Point </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="height:50px"><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_17_(India)(old_numbering)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highway 17 (India)(old numbering)">National Highway 66 (previously NH 17)</a> </td> <td align="center" style="height:50px"><a href="/wiki/Panvel" title="Panvel">Panvel</a>, Maharashtra </td> <td align="center" style="height:50px"><a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a>, Tamil Nadu </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:lemonchiffon;height:50px"><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_48_(India)(old_numbering)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highway 48 (India)(old numbering)">National Highway 75 (previously NH 48)</a> </td> <td align="center" style="background:lemonchiffon;height:50px"><a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a> </td> <td align="center" style="background:lemonchiffon;height:50px"><a href="/wiki/Vellore" title="Vellore">Vellore</a>, Tamil Nadu </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="height:50px"><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_275_(India)" title="National Highway 275 (India)">National Highway 275</a> </td> <td align="center" style="height:50px"><a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a> </td> <td align="center" style="height:50px"><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="background:lemonchiffon;height:50px"><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_169_(India)" title="National Highway 169 (India)">National Highway 169 (previously NH 13)</a> </td> <td align="center" style="background:lemonchiffon;height:50px"><a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a> </td> <td align="center" style="background:lemonchiffon;height:50px"><a href="/wiki/Shimoga" title="Shimoga">Shimoga</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="height:50px"><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_73_(India)" title="National Highway 73 (India)">National Highway 73</a> </td> <td align="center" style="height:50px"><a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a> </td> <td align="center" style="height:50px"><a href="/wiki/Tumkur" title="Tumkur">Tumkur</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> In 1907, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_zone" title="Southern Railway zone">Southern Railway</a> connected Mangalore with <a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Calicut (Kozhikode)</a> along the coastline.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> This railway line helped connect the district with other places of the Madras presidency during the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_India" title="Colonial India">colonial rule</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Konkan_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkan Railway">Konkan Railway</a> (1998) connects Dakshina Kannada with <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> by train.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> There are direct trains from <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thane" title="Thane">Thane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margao" title="Margao">Margao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trivandrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Trivandrum">Trivandrum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> Train services operate daily to Bangalore via Hassan and <a href="/wiki/Kukke_Subramanya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kukke Subramanya">Kukke Subramanya</a> after the conversion from <a href="/wiki/Metre_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Metre gauge">metre gauge</a> to <a href="/wiki/Broad_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad gauge">broad gauge</a> track.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> The Dakshina Kannada district has a <a href="/wiki/Seaport" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaport">seaport</a> at <a href="/wiki/Panambur" title="Panambur">Panambur</a> named <a href="/wiki/New_Mangalore_Port" title="New Mangalore Port">New Mangalore Port</a>. The seaport managed by New Mangalore Port Trust handles cargo, timber, petroleum and coffee exports.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> It is one of the <a href="/wiki/Ports_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Ports in India">major seaports</a> of India.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historic_sites_and_tourism">Historic sites and tourism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Historic sites and tourism">edit</a>]</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 235px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharmasthala_Temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sri Manjunatha Temple at Dharmasthala"><img alt="Sri Manjunatha Temple at Dharmasthala" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Dharmasthala_Temple.jpg/160px-Dharmasthala_Temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Dharmasthala_Temple.jpg/240px-Dharmasthala_Temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Dharmasthala_Temple.jpg/320px-Dharmasthala_Temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sri Manjunatha Temple at <a href="/wiki/Dharmasthala" title="Dharmasthala">Dharmasthala</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 235px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kukke_Subramanya_Swami.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kukke Subramanya Temple"><img alt="Kukke Subramanya Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Kukke_Subramanya_Swami.jpg/160px-Kukke_Subramanya_Swami.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Kukke_Subramanya_Swami.jpg/240px-Kukke_Subramanya_Swami.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Kukke_Subramanya_Swami.jpg/320px-Kukke_Subramanya_Swami.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kukke_Subramanya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kukke Subramanya">Kukke Subramanya</a> Temple</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 235px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Kateel_Durga_Parameshwari_0145.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Shree Durgaparameshwari Temple Kateel"><img alt="Shree Durgaparameshwari Temple Kateel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kateel_Durga_Parameshwari_0145.JPG/180px-Kateel_Durga_Parameshwari_0145.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kateel_Durga_Parameshwari_0145.JPG/269px-Kateel_Durga_Parameshwari_0145.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Kateel_Durga_Parameshwari_0145.JPG/359px-Kateel_Durga_Parameshwari_0145.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1296" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shree Durgaparameshwari Temple Kateel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 235px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dasara_Navaratri_decorations_Kudroli_Temple_Mangalore_Karnataka.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kudroli Temple in Mangalore"><img alt="Kudroli Temple in Mangalore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Dasara_Navaratri_decorations_Kudroli_Temple_Mangalore_Karnataka.jpg/174px-Dasara_Navaratri_decorations_Kudroli_Temple_Mangalore_Karnataka.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Dasara_Navaratri_decorations_Kudroli_Temple_Mangalore_Karnataka.jpg/261px-Dasara_Navaratri_decorations_Kudroli_Temple_Mangalore_Karnataka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Dasara_Navaratri_decorations_Kudroli_Temple_Mangalore_Karnataka.jpg/347px-Dasara_Navaratri_decorations_Kudroli_Temple_Mangalore_Karnataka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="553" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gokarnanatheshwara_Temple" title="Gokarnanatheshwara Temple">Kudroli Temple</a> in Mangalore</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 235px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mangaladevi_temple_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mangaladevi Temple"><img alt="Mangaladevi Temple" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Mangaladevi_temple_1.jpg/80px-Mangaladevi_temple_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Mangaladevi_temple_1.jpg/120px-Mangaladevi_temple_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Mangaladevi_temple_1.jpg/160px-Mangaladevi_temple_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mangaladevi Temple</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 235px; height: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Aloysius_College_Admin_block.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St Aloysius College"><img alt="St Aloysius College" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/St_Aloysius_College_Admin_block.jpg/205px-St_Aloysius_College_Admin_block.jpg" decoding="async" width="205" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/St_Aloysius_College_Admin_block.jpg/308px-St_Aloysius_College_Admin_block.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/St_Aloysius_College_Admin_block.jpg/410px-St_Aloysius_College_Admin_block.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="3400" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">St Aloysius College</div> </li> </ul> The following are historic places to visit in Dakshina Kannada:<a href="#cite_note-pppinindia-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mangaladevi_Temple" title="Mangaladevi Temple">Mangaladevi Temple</a>: Mangalore was named after the Hindu deity Mangaladevi.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venur" title="Venur">Venur</a>: Monolithic <a href="/wiki/Venur#Bahubali_Statue" title="Venur">Bahubali statue</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadri,_Mangalore" title="Kadri, Mangalore">Kadri</a>: Temple of <a href="/wiki/Kadri_Manjunath_Temple" title="Kadri Manjunath Temple">Lord Sri Manjunatha</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amrutheshwaratemple.in/">Shree Amrutheshwara Temple</a>, Vamanjoor: Temple of <a href="/wiki/Lord_Shiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Shiva">Lord Shiva</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moodabidri" title="Moodabidri">Moodabidri</a>: Site of the ancient Jain temples and the <a href="/wiki/Bhattaraka" title="Bhattaraka">Bhattaraka</a> seat.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnapura_matha" title="Krishnapura matha">Krishnapura matha</a>: One of the matha (monastery) belonging to <a href="/wiki/Ashta_matha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashta matha">ashta matha</a> of Udupi.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmasthala" title="Dharmasthala">Dharmasthala</a>: The temple of Lord <a href="/wiki/Dharmasthala_Temple" title="Dharmasthala Temple">Sri Manjunatheshwara</a> is here.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateel" title="Kateel">Kateel</a>: Temple of Goddess Sri Durga Parameshwari.</li> <li>Kadeshivalaya: Kadeshivalaya temple at Bantwal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carstreet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carstreet (page does not exist)">Carstreet</a>: Sri Kalikamba Vinayaka Temple <a href="/wiki/Mangaluru" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangaluru">Mangaluru</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudroli" title="Kudroli">Kudroli</a>: Gokarnanatheshwars Temple.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundkur" title="Mundkur">Mundkur</a>: Sri Durga Parameshwari Temple.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karinjeshwara_Temple" title="Karinjeshwara Temple">Karinjeshwara Temple</a>: Temple of Lord Shiva Parvati on a huge rock.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullal" title="Ullal">Ullal</a>: Known for the Ullal beach and Someshwara beach.<a href="#cite_note-tourism-pot-111">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukke_Subramanya" class="mw-redirect" title="Kukke Subramanya">Kukke Subramanya</a>: Temple of the serpent Lord Subramanya is here.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulki,_India" title="Mulki, India">Mulki</a>: Durgaparameshwari Temple.</li> <li>Kemral, Mulki, Suragiri Mahalingeshwara Temple .</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Aloysius_Chapel" class="mw-redirect" title="St Aloysius Chapel">St Aloysius Chapel</a>, Mangalore.<a href="#cite_note-tourism-pot-111">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milagres_Church_(Mangalore)" title="Milagres Church (Mangalore)">Milagres Church</a>, Mangalore<a href="#cite_note-tourism-pot-111">[111]</a></li> <li>Sayyed Madani Mosque and Dargah, <a href="/wiki/Ullal" title="Ullal">Ullal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tourism-pot-111">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Battery_(Mangalore)" title="Sultan Battery (Mangalore)">Sultan Battery</a>, Mangalore<a href="#cite_note-tourism-pot-111">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puttur,_Karnataka" title="Puttur, Karnataka">Puttur</a>: Temple of Lord Sri Mahalingeshwara is here.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppinangadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Uppinangadi">Uppinangadi</a>: Sahasralingeshwara temple.</li> <li>Kepu, Ananthadi, Balnadu: Known for goddess Ullalthi temple and its unique heritage.<a href="#cite_note-tourism-pot-111">[111]</a></li> <li>Puttur karavadtha valiyullahi darga shareef</li> <li>Somanatheswar Temple: Someshwara, <a href="/wiki/Ullal" title="Ullal">Ullal</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Summer Sand Beach Resort at <a href="/wiki/Ullal" title="Ullal">Ullal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tourism-pot-111">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilikula_Nisargadhama" title="Pilikula Nisargadhama">Pilikula Nisargadhama</a>: Pilikula, Moodushedde, Mangalore.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudupu" title="Kudupu">Kudupu</a> temple: Kudupu, Mangalore.<a href="#cite_note-tourism-pot-111">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shri_Rajarajeshwari_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Shri Rajarajeshwari Temple">Shri Rajarajeshwari Temple</a> Polali: Temple of Shri Rajarajeshwari.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></li> <li>Kumbladi Balasubrahmanya.<a href="#cite_note-tourism-pot-111">[111]</a></li> <li>Charvaka Kapileshwara Devasthaana.<a href="#cite_note-tourism-pot-111">[111]</a></li> <li>Shri Kshetra Daipila.<a href="#cite_note-tourism-pot-111">[111]</a></li> <li>Masjidu Thaqwa Pumpwell Mangalore.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li> <li>Bellye Palli (Big Masjid) Bunder Mangalore.<a href="#cite_note-tourism-pot-111">[111]</a></li> <li>Manjusha Car Museum, Dharmastala</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srimanthi_Bhai_Memorial_Government_Museum" title="Srimanthi Bhai Memorial Government Museum">Srimanthi Bhai Memorial Government Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southadka" title="Southadka">Sawthadka Shri Mahaganapathi Temple</a>.</li> <li>Mulki - Bappanadu Sri Durga Parameshwari Temple</li></ul> <dl><dt>Nearby hill stations</dt></dl> Some of the hill stations in close proximity to this district corresponding to their elevation above sea level are <a href="/wiki/Kudremukh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kudremukh">Kudremukh</a> peak 1,894 m (6,214 ft), <a href="/wiki/Pushpagiri_(mountain)" title="Pushpagiri (mountain)">Pushpagiri</a> 1,712 m (5,617 ft), <a href="/wiki/Madikeri" title="Madikeri">Madikeri</a> 1,150 m (3,770 ft), <a href="/wiki/Mudigere" title="Mudigere">Mudigere</a> 970 m (3,180 ft) and <a href="/wiki/Sakleshpur" title="Sakleshpur">Sakleshpur</a> 956 m (3,136 ft).<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Agriculture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rice-paddy-cult-mangalore-thulunad-india.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Rice-paddy-cult-mangalore-thulunad-india.jpg/220px-Rice-paddy-cult-mangalore-thulunad-india.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Rice-paddy-cult-mangalore-thulunad-india.jpg/330px-Rice-paddy-cult-mangalore-thulunad-india.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Rice-paddy-cult-mangalore-thulunad-india.jpg/440px-Rice-paddy-cult-mangalore-thulunad-india.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="366" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paddy_field" title="Paddy field">Paddy</a> cultivation in Dakshina Kannada</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arecanuttrees.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arecanuttrees.jpg/220px-Arecanuttrees.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arecanuttrees.jpg/330px-Arecanuttrees.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arecanuttrees.jpg/440px-Arecanuttrees.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arecanut" class="mw-redirect" title="Arecanut">Arecanut</a> plantation of rural Dakshina Kannada</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a>, which was once a major occupation of the people of Dakshina Kannada, has taken a backseat because of the influx of money from natives settled in other cities, states and countries.<a href="#cite_note-agri1-117">[117]</a> Significant number of people from this district work in the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Gulf</a> (<a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>) countries and other states of India.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> <a href="/wiki/Farm" title="Farm">Farms</a> and fields have been converted into residential plots and commercial (shopping) complexes around Mangalore city.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> <a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">Horticulture</a>, though, has made some strides, and measures have been taken to improve the fruit plantation sector.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> The main crops of Dakshina Kannada are <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Paddy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arecanut" class="mw-redirect" title="Arecanut">Arecanut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_Pepper" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Pepper">Black Pepper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">Cashew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">Cocoa</a>. Rice is generally cultivated three seasons in a year, Karthika or Yenel (May–October), Suggi (October to January) and Kolake (January to April).<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/Urad_(bean)" class="mw-redirect" title="Urad (bean)">Urad</a> (Black gram) is grown in some areas during the season of Suggi.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Milk_Federation" title="Karnataka Milk Federation">Karnataka Milk Federation</a> has a milk processing plant at <a href="/wiki/Kulshekar" title="Kulshekar">Kulshekar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a>. This plant processes milk procured from the <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a> owned by farmers of the district.<a href="#cite_note-agri1-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Cuisine">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_cuisine" title="Mangalorean cuisine">Mangalorean cuisine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sweet2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sweet2008.jpg/220px-Sweet2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sweet2008.jpg/330px-Sweet2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Sweet2008.jpg/440px-Sweet2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1932" /></a><figcaption>Malpuri, a sweet from Dakshina Kannada</figcaption></figure> Some of the well-known <a href="/wiki/Tuluva" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuluva">Tuluva</a> community dishes in this district include <a href="/wiki/Kori_Rotti" class="mw-redirect" title="Kori Rotti">Kori Rotti</a> (dry rice flakes dipped in chicken gravy), Bangude Pulimunchi (spicy sour silver-grey mackerels), Beeja-Manoli Upkari, <a href="/wiki/Neer_dosa" title="Neer dosa">Neer dosa</a>, Boothai Gasi and Kadubu.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Karnataka">Coastal Karnataka</a>, the Mangalorean Fish Curry is a popular dish.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> The Konkani community's specialties include Daali thoy, Bibbe-upkari (cashew based), Val val, Avnas ambe sasam, Kadgi chakko, Paagila podi, Malpuri, <a href="/wiki/Patrode" title="Patrode">Patrode</a> and Chane gashi.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mangalore_bajji" title="Mangalore bajji">Mangalore bajji</a>, also known as Golibaje, is a popular snack made from <a href="/wiki/Maida_flour" class="mw-redirect" title="Maida flour">maida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curd" title="Curd">curd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice_flour" title="Rice flour">rice flour</a>, chopped <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">coriander</a> leaves, <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">cumin</a>, green <a href="/wiki/Chile_pepper" class="mw-redirect" title="Chile pepper">chillies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tulu_people" title="Tulu people">Tulu</a> vegetarian cuisine in Mangalore, also known as <a href="/wiki/Udupi_cuisine" title="Udupi cuisine">Udupi cuisine</a>, is known and liked throughout the state and the coastal region.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> Being a coastal district, fish forms the staple diet of most people.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Beary" title="Beary">Beary</a> community have their own unique dishes. Pattir, Pole, Pulchepole, Kalthappa, Aapa, Neyyappa, Neypathir, Irmandappa, Pindi, Erchi pindi, Kunji pindi, and Vodupole are some of the traditional breakfasts and are primarily made from rice. Various dishes made from fresh or dried fish are also extensively consumed. Molavtanni made from lentils or sprouted pulses is the traditional soup usually eaten along with rice. Kakka is the traditional gravy made from fish, chicken, egg or mutton. Like in other coastal cuisine, coconut and its products form integral part of the Beary cuisine. Mangalorean Catholics' Sanna-Dukra Maas ("Sanna" means <a href="/wiki/Idli" title="Idli">Idli</a> fluffed with toddy or yeast and "Dukra Maas" means <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">Pork</a>) Pork Bafat and <a href="/wiki/Sorpotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorpotel">Sorpotel</a> .<a href="#cite_note-catholic-recipe-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-biryani-130">[130]</a> Pickles such as <a href="/wiki/Papadum" class="mw-redirect" title="Papadum">Happala</a>, Sandige and Puli munchi are unique to Mangalore.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commerce_and_industry">Commerce and industry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Commerce and industry">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vijaya_bank_Regional_office_Mangaluru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Vijaya_bank_Regional_office_Mangaluru.jpg/220px-Vijaya_bank_Regional_office_Mangaluru.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Vijaya_bank_Regional_office_Mangaluru.jpg/330px-Vijaya_bank_Regional_office_Mangaluru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Vijaya_bank_Regional_office_Mangaluru.jpg/440px-Vijaya_bank_Regional_office_Mangaluru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="4160" /></a><figcaption>Vijaya Bank Founders Branch in Mangalore city</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Camco_Puttur.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Camco_Puttur.jpg/220px-Camco_Puttur.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Camco_Puttur.jpg/330px-Camco_Puttur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Camco_Puttur.jpg/440px-Camco_Puttur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Campco office at Puttur</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_men_in_a_boat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Two_men_in_a_boat.jpg/220px-Two_men_in_a_boat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Two_men_in_a_boat.jpg/330px-Two_men_in_a_boat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Two_men_in_a_boat.jpg/440px-Two_men_in_a_boat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Fishermen at Sasihitlu in Dakshina Kannada</figcaption></figure> The district along with Udupi district is known as "The Cradle of Indian banking".<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Major nationalised banks of India such as <a href="/wiki/Canara_Bank" title="Canara Bank">Canara Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corporation_Bank" title="Corporation Bank">Corporation Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syndicate_Bank" title="Syndicate Bank">Syndicate Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Bank" title="Vijaya Bank">Vijaya Bank</a> and private sector <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Bank" title="Karnataka Bank">Karnataka Bank</a> evolved from these two districts.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> Red clay tiles (<a href="/wiki/Mangalore_Tiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangalore Tiles">Mangalore Tiles</a>), <a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">Cashew</a> processing factories and <a href="/wiki/Beedi" title="Beedi">Beedi</a> industry once flourished in this district.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Dakshina Kannada district has a per capita income of Rs. 218,580 which is second only to Bangalore Urban district.<a href="#cite_note-gsdp-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Despite ranking 8th in the list of most populous districts in Karnataka, the district is the second largest contributor to the state's <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GSDP</a>, with a contribution of 5.8%.<a href="#cite_note-gsdp-135">[135]</a> In other words, despite a low population share of 3.4%, the district's share in state GSDP stands at 5.8%.<a href="#cite_note-gsdp-135">[135]</a> As the district is on the shore of the Arabian sea, <a href="/wiki/Fishing" title="Fishing">fishing</a> is one of the major occupation of many people.<a href="#cite_note-fishing-occup-137">[137]</a> The major fishing places are Bunder (Old harbour),<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> <a href="/wiki/Panambur" title="Panambur">Panambur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surathkal" title="Surathkal">Surathkal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kotekar" title="Kotekar">Kotekar</a> and Sasihitlu. The major industries in Dakshina Kannada concentrated around Mangalore are <a href="/wiki/Mangalore_Chemical_and_Fertilizers" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangalore Chemical and Fertilizers">Mangalore Chemical and Fertilizers</a> Ltd. (MCF), <a href="/wiki/Kudremukh_Iron_Ore_Company_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Ltd">Kudremukh Iron Ore Company Ltd</a>. (KIOCL),<a href="#cite_note-kiocl-139">[139]</a> The Canara Workshops Limited (manufacturers of Canara Springs), <a href="/wiki/Mangalore_Refinery_and_Petrochemicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals">Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals</a> Ltd. (MRPL), HPCL, BPCL,<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <a href="/wiki/BASF" title="BASF">BASF</a>, TOTAL GAZ, Bharati Shipyard Limited (BSL) etc.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> There is a chocolate manufacturing plant at Puttur run by <a href="/wiki/CAMPCO" class="mw-redirect" title="CAMPCO">CAMPCO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> Major information technology and outsourcing companies have their facilities in Mangalore namely <a href="/wiki/Infosys" title="Infosys">Infosys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cognizant" title="Cognizant">Cognizant</a>, Atlantic Data Bureau Services Pvt. Ltd., Lasersoft infosystems Ltd., <a href="/wiki/Mphasis" title="Mphasis">Mphasis</a> BPO and <a href="/wiki/Endurance_International_Group" title="Endurance International Group">Endurance International Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Two IT parks have been constructed, one Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) at <a href="/wiki/Ganjimutt" title="Ganjimutt">Ganjimutt</a> and a second IT SEZ near <a href="/wiki/Mangalore_University" title="Mangalore University">Mangalore University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> The Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) plans to set up a multiproduct <a href="/wiki/Special_Economic_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Economic Zone">SEZ</a> (Special Economic Zone) with an investment of over Rs. 350 billion.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Villages">Villages</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Villages">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aramboor" title="Aramboor">Aramboor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantwal" title="Bantwal">Bantwal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belthangady" title="Belthangady">Belthangady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmasthala" title="Dharmasthala">Dharmasthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elikkala" title="Elikkala">Elikkala</a><a href="#cite_note-censusindia-146">[146]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakkinje" title="Kakkinje">Kakkinje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudippady" title="Kudippady">Kudipady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moodabidri" title="Moodabidri">Moodabidri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudu,_Dakshina_Kannada" title="Pudu, Dakshina Kannada">Pudu</a>, census town</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjalkatte" title="Punjalkatte">Punjalkatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puttur,_Karnataka" title="Puttur, Karnataka">Puttur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamboor" title="Shamboor">Shamboor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullia" title="Sullia">Sullia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thokur-62" title="Thokur-62">Thokur-62</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Mangalore" title="Economy of Mangalore">Economy of Mangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Vivekananda_Planetarium" title="Swami Vivekananda Planetarium">Swami Vivekananda Planetarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_S_Mallya_Indoor_Stadium" title="U S Mallya Indoor Stadium">U S Mallya Indoor Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Entrepreneurship_Opportunities_and_Learning" title="Centre for Entrepreneurship Opportunities and Learning">Centre for Entrepreneurship Opportunities and Learning</a> (CEOL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Kanara_District_Chess_Association" title="South Kanara District Chess Association">South Kanara District Chess Association</a> (SKDCA)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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Retrieved 6 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=ONGC%27s+huge+outlay+for+Mangalore+SEZ&rft.date=2006-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-business%2FONGCs-huge-outlay-for-Mangalore-SEZ%2Farticle15728700.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADakshina+Kannada" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-censusindia-146"><a href="#cite_ref-censusindia_146-0">^</a> Village code= 2723700 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Village_Directory/Population_data/Population_500_and_Above.aspx">"Census of India : Elikkala with population 500 & above"</a>. Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Retrieved 18 December 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India+%3A+Elikkala+with+population+500+%26+above&rft.pub=Registrar+General+%26+Census+Commissioner%2C+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2FCensus_Data_2001%2FVillage_Directory%2FPopulation_data%2FPopulation_500_and_Above.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADakshina+Kannada" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._Muhammad_Hussain_Nainar1942" class="citation cs2">S. Muhammad Hussain Nainar (1942), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Tuhfat-al-MujahidinAnHistoricalWorkInTheArabicLanguage">Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin: An Historical Work in The Arabic Language</a>, University of Madras, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789839154801" title="Special:BookSources/9789839154801"><bdi>9789839154801</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tuhfat-al-Mujahidin%3A+An+Historical+Work+in+The+Arabic+Language&rft.pub=University+of+Madras&rft.date=1942&rft.isbn=9789839154801&rft.au=S.+Muhammad+Hussain+Nainar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTuhfat-al-MujahidinAnHistoricalWorkInTheArabicLanguage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADakshina+Kannada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Sturrock1894" class="citation cs2">J. Sturrock (1894), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.3200/page/n1/mode/2up">Madras District Manuals – South Canara (Volume-I)</a>, Madras Government Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madras+District+Manuals+%E2%80%93+South+Canara+%28Volume-I%29&rft.pub=Madras+Government+Press&rft.date=1894&rft.au=J.+Sturrock&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdli.csl.3200%2Fpage%2Fn1%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADakshina+Kannada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarold_A._Stuart1895" class="citation cs2">Harold A. Stuart (1895), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.281736/mode/2up">Madras District Manuals – South Canara (Volume-II)</a>, Madras Government Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madras+District+Manuals+%E2%80%93+South+Canara+%28Volume-II%29&rft.pub=Madras+Government+Press&rft.date=1895&rft.au=Harold+A.+Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.281736%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADakshina+Kannada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Madras1905" class="citation cs2">Government of Madras (1905), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.177471/page/n1/mode/2up">Madras District Gazetteers: Statistical Appendix for South Canara District</a>, Madras Government Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madras+District+Gazetteers%3A+Statistical+Appendix+for+South+Canara+District&rft.pub=Madras+Government+Press&rft.date=1905&rft.au=Government+of+Madras&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.177471%2Fpage%2Fn1%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADakshina+Kannada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Madras1915" class="citation cs2">Government of Madras (1915), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dli.ministry.16591/page/n5/mode/2up">Madras District Gazetteers South Canara (Volume-II)</a>, Madras Government Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madras+District+Gazetteers+South+Canara+%28Volume-II%29&rft.pub=Madras+Government+Press&rft.date=1915&rft.au=Government+of+Madras&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdli.ministry.16591%2Fpage%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADakshina+Kannada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Madras1953" class="citation cs2">Government of Madras (1953), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6023/1/7746_1951.pdf">1951 Census Handbook- South Canara District</a> (PDF), Madras Government Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1951+Census+Handbook-+South+Canara+District&rft.pub=Madras+Government+Press&rft.date=1953&rft.au=Government+of+Madras&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flsi.gov.in%3A8081%2Fjspui%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F6023%2F1%2F7746_1951.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADakshina+Kannada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._I._Arputhanathan1955" class="citation cs2">J. I. Arputhanathan (1955), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6447/1/50056_1951_SOU.pdf">South Kanara, The Nilgiris, Malabar and Coimbatore Districts (Village-wise Mother-tongue Data for Bilingual or Multilingual Taluks)</a> (PDF), Madras Government Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+Kanara%2C+The+Nilgiris%2C+Malabar+and+Coimbatore+Districts+%28Village-wise+Mother-tongue+Data+for+Bilingual+or+Multilingual+Taluks%29&rft.pub=Madras+Government+Press&rft.date=1955&rft.au=J.+I.+Arputhanathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flsi.gov.in%3A8081%2Fjspui%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F6447%2F1%2F50056_1951_SOU.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADakshina+Kannada" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRajabhushanam1963" class="citation cs2">Rajabhushanam, D. S. (1963), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lsi.gov.in:8081/jspui/bitstream/123456789/6454/1/9111_1951_STA.pdf">Statistical Atlas of the Madras State (1951)</a> (PDF), Madras (Chennai): Director of Statistics, Government of Madras</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statistical+Atlas+of+the+Madras+State+%281951%29&rft.place=Madras+%28Chennai%29&rft.pub=Director+of+Statistics%2C+Government+of+Madras&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Rajabhushanam&rft.aufirst=D.+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flsi.gov.in%3A8081%2Fjspui%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F6454%2F1%2F9111_1951_STA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADakshina+Kannada" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Studies in Tuluva History and Culture (1975) by <a href="/wiki/P._Gururaja_Bhat" title="P. Gururaja Bhat">P. Gururaja Bhat</a>, Published by Padur Gururaj Bhat Memorial Trust, Udupi, Reprint year 2014.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dakshina_Kannada&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png/38px-Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png/50px-Flag_of_Karnataka%2C_India.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="454" /></a> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Karnataka_state_symbols" title="List of Karnataka state symbols">State symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_emblems" title="List of Indian state emblems">Emblem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Karnataka" title="Emblem of Karnataka">Emblem of Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_songs" title="List of Indian state songs">Song</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jaya_Bharata_Jananiya_Tanujate" title="Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate">Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Animal</a>: <a href="/wiki/Asian_elephant" title="Asian elephant">Asian elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a>: <a href="/wiki/Indian_roller" title="Indian roller">Indian roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera" title="Nelumbo nucifera">Lotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a>: <a href="/wiki/Santalum_album" title="Santalum album">Sandalwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">Fruit</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mangifera_indica" title="Mangifera indica">Mango</a></li> <li>Fish: <a href="/wiki/Hypselobarbus_carnaticus" title="Hypselobarbus carnaticus">Carnatic carp</a></li> <li>Insect: <a href="/wiki/Troides_minos" title="Troides minos">Southern birdwing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Karnataka" title="Category:Karnataka">Overviews</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Karnataka" title="Architecture of Karnataka">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_cinema" title="Kannada cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka#Climate" title="Karnataka">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_cuisine" title="Karnataka cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Karnataka" title="Demographics of Karnataka">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Karnataka" title="Economy of Karnataka">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Karnataka" title="Education in Karnataka">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_arts_of_Karnataka" title="Folk arts of Karnataka">Folk arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Karnataka" title="Geography of Karnataka">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Karnataka" title="History of Karnataka">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Karnataka" title="Media in Karnataka">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Karnataka" title="Sports in Karnataka">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Karnataka" title="Transport in Karnataka">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Karnataka" title="Wildlife of Karnataka">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Karnataka" title="Category:History of Karnataka">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aihole" title="Aihole">Aihole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alupa_dynasty" title="Alupa dynasty">Alupa dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoghavarsha" title="Amoghavarsha">Amoghavarsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badami" title="Badami">Badami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banavasi" title="Banavasi">Banavasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balligavi" title="Balligavi">Balligavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belur,_Karnataka" title="Belur, Karnataka">Belur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukya dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayakas_of_Chitradurga" title="Nayakas of Chitradurga">Chitradurga Nayakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deva_Raya_II" title="Deva Raya II">Deva Raya II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durvinita" title="Durvinita">Durvinita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halebidu" title="Halebidu">Halebidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Coorg" title="Kingdom of Coorg">Kingdom of Coorg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halmidi" title="Halmidi">Halmidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampi" title="Hampi">Hampi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysala Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_dynasty" title="Kadamba dynasty">Kadamba dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire" title="Western Chalukya Empire">Kalyani Chalukyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayakas_of_Keladi" title="Nayakas of Keladi">Keladi Nayakas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivappa_Nayaka" title="Shivappa Nayaka">Shivappa Nayaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kittur_Chennamma" title="Kittur Chennamma">Kittur Chennamma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayurasharma" title="Mayurasharma">Mayurasharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattadakal" title="Pattadakal">Pattadakal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulakeshin_II" title="Pulakeshin II">Pulakeshin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta dynasty">Rashtrakuta dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sringeri" title="Sringeri">Sringeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srirangapatna" title="Srirangapatna">Srirangapatna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Karnataka" title="Unification of Karnataka">Unification of Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara" title="Vijayanagara">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnuvardhana" title="Vishnuvardhana">Vishnuvardhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veera_Ballala_II" title="Veera Ballala II">Veera Ballala II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya_II" title="Vikramaditya II">Vikramaditya II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikramaditya_VI" title="Vikramaditya VI">Vikramaditya VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_dynasty" title="Western Ganga dynasty">Western Ganga dynasty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Karnataka" title="List of districts of Karnataka">Districts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Karnataka" title="Administrative divisions of Karnataka">divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_division" title="Bangalore division">Bangalore division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Urban_district" title="Bangalore Urban district">Bangalore Urban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Rural_district" title="Bangalore Rural district">Bangalore Rural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitradurga_district" title="Chitradurga district">Chitradurga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davanagere_district" title="Davanagere district">Davanagere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolar_district" title="Kolar district">Kolar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimoga_district" title="Shimoga district">Shimoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumakuru_district" title="Tumakuru district">Tumakuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanagara_district" title="Ramanagara district">Ramanagara </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikkaballapura_district" title="Chikkaballapura district">Chikkaballapura</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Belagavi_division" title="Belagavi division">Belagavi division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagalkot_district" title="Bagalkot district">Bagalkot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belagavi_district" title="Belagavi district">Belagavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijapur_district,_Karnataka" title="Bijapur district, Karnataka">Bijapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharwad_district" title="Dharwad district">Dharwad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haveri_district" title="Haveri district">Haveri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadag_district" title="Gadag district">Gadag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttara_Kannada" title="Uttara Kannada">Uttara Kannada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi_division" title="Kalaburagi division">Kalaburagi division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballari_district" title="Ballari district">Ballari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidar_district" title="Bidar district">Bidar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaburagi_district" title="Kalaburagi district">Kalaburagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koppal_district" title="Koppal district">Koppal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raichur_district" title="Raichur district">Raichur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_district" title="Vijayanagara district">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yadgir_district" title="Yadgir district">Yadgir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Mysore_division" title="Mysore division">Mysore division</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamarajanagar_district" title="Chamarajanagar district">Chamarajanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikmagalur_district" title="Chikmagalur district">Chikmagalur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dakshina Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_district" title="Hassan district">Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodagu_district" title="Kodagu district">Kodagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandya_district" title="Mandya district">Mandya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_district" title="Mysore district">Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi_district" title="Udupi district">Udupi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Karnataka" title="Geography of Karnataka">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Cities and towns in Karnataka">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Karnataka" title="List of districts of Karnataka">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Rivers of Karnataka">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dams_and_reservoirs_in_Karnataka" title="List of dams and reservoirs in Karnataka">Dams and reservoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_taluks_of_Karnataka" title="List of taluks of Karnataka">Taluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Villages in Karnataka">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mullayyana_Giri" title="Mullayyana Giri">Highest point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayalu_Seeme" title="Bayalu Seeme">Bayalu Seeme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malenadu" title="Malenadu">Malenadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanara" title="Kanara">Kanara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Culture of Karnataka">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatanatyam" title="Bharatanatyam">Bharatanatyam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buta_Kola" title="Buta Kola">Buta Kola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidriware" title="Bidriware">Bidriware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channapatna_toys" title="Channapatna toys">Channapatna toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Chitrakala_Parishath" title="Karnataka Chitrakala Parishath">Chitrakala Parishat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaarudi_Gombe" title="Gaarudi Gombe">Gaarudi Gombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilkal_sari" title="Ilkal sari">Ilkal sari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamsale" title="Kamsale">Kamsale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Karnatik music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasuti" title="Kasuti">Kasuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khedda" title="Khedda">Khedda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Dasara" title="Mysore Dasara">Mysore Dasara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togalu_gombeyaata" title="Togalu gombeyaata">Togalu gombeyaata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi_cuisine" title="Udupi cuisine">Udupi cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veeragase" title="Veeragase">Veeragase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicians_of_the_Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Musicians of the Kingdom of Mysore">Mysore musicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Literature_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Literature of Karnataka">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_literature" title="Kannada literature">Kannada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_milestones_in_Kannada_literature" title="List of milestones in Kannada literature">Milestones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_epics_in_the_Kannada_language" title="List of epics in the Kannada language">Epics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Kannada_literature" title="Medieval Kannada literature">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta_literature" title="Rashtrakuta literature">Rashtrakuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_literature" title="Western Ganga literature">Western Ganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_literature_in_Kannada" title="Western Chalukya literature in Kannada">Western Chalukya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoysala_literature" title="Hoysala literature">Hoysala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_literature_in_Kannada" title="Vijayanagara literature in Kannada">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vachana_sahitya" title="Vachana sahitya">Vachana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridasa" title="Haridasa">Haridasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_literature_in_Kannada" title="Mysore literature in Kannada">Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yakshagana_plays_in_the_Kannada_language" title="List of Yakshagana plays in the Kannada language">Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Kannada_literature" title="Modern Kannada literature">Modern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Sahitya_Parishat" title="Kannada Sahitya Parishat">Kannada Sahitya Parishat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_Sahitya_Sammelana" title="Kannada Sahitya Sammelana">Kannada Sahitya Sammelana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Karnataka_literature" title="List of Karnataka literature">Karnataka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Kannada_poets" title="Category:Kannada poets">Noted poets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asaga" title="Asaga">Asaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunavarma_I" title="Gunavarma I">Gunavarma I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adikavi_Pampa" title="Adikavi Pampa">Adikavi Pampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponna_(poet)" title="Ponna (poet)">Sri Ponna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranna_(Kannada_poet)" title="Ranna (Kannada poet)">Ranna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devar_Dasimayya" title="Devar Dasimayya">Devar Dasimayya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava" title="Basava">Basava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akka_Mahadevi" title="Akka Mahadevi">Akka Mahadevi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allama_Prabhu" title="Allama Prabhu">Allama Prabhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddheshwar" title="Siddheshwar">Siddharama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harihara_(poet)" title="Harihara (poet)">Harihara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghavanka" title="Raghavanka">Raghavanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudrabhatta" title="Rudrabhatta">Rudrabhatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janna" title="Janna">Janna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumara_Vyasa" title="Kumara Vyasa">Kumara Vyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamarasa" title="Chamarasa">Chamarasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nijaguna_Shivayogi" title="Nijaguna Shivayogi">Nijaguna Shivayogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratnakaravarni" title="Ratnakaravarni">Ratnakaravarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purandara_Dasa" title="Purandara Dasa">Purandara Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Dasa" title="Kanaka Dasa">Kanaka Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Dasa" title="Vijaya Dasa">Vijaya Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopala_Dasa" title="Gopala Dasa">Gopala Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannatha_Dasa_(Kannada_poet)" title="Jagannatha Dasa (Kannada poet)">Jagannatha Dasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmisa" title="Lakshmisa">Lakshmisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvajna" title="Sarvajna">Sarvajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishunala_Sharif" title="Shishunala Sharif">Shishunala Sharif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wadiyar_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishnaraja Wadiyar III">Krishnaraja Wadiyar III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._R._Bendre" title="D. R. Bendre">D. R. Bendre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopalakrishna_Adiga" title="Gopalakrishna Adiga">Gopalakrishna Adiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V._Seetharamaiah" title="V. Seetharamaiah">V. Seetharamaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._S._Narasimhaswamy" title="K. S. Narasimhaswamy">K. S. Narasimhaswamy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Govinda_Pai" title="M. Govinda Pai">M. Govinda Pai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuvempu" title="Kuvempu">Kuvempu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._V._Gundappa" title="D. V. Gundappa">D. V. Gundappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._S._Shivarudrappa" title="G. S. Shivarudrappa">G. S. Shivarudrappa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Karnataka" title="Category:People from Karnataka">People</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Karnataka_society" title="Category:Karnataka society">society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnataka ethnic groups">Karnataka ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Karnataka" title="List of people from Karnataka">List of people from Karnataka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Karnataka" title="Tourism in Karnataka">Tourism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Karnataka" title="List of beaches in Karnataka">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dams_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Dams in Karnataka">Dams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forts_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Forts in Karnataka">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_parks_in_Karnataka" title="Category:National parks in Karnataka">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_temples_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Hindu temples in Karnataka">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jain_temples_in_Karnataka" title="Category:Jain temples in Karnataka">Jain temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Waterfalls_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Waterfalls of Karnataka">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Civil_awards_and_decorations_of_Karnataka" title="Category:Civil awards and decorations of Karnataka">Awards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Ratna" title="Karnataka Ratna">Karnataka Ratna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pampa_Award" title="Pampa Award">Pampa Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nrupatunga_Award" title="Nrupatunga Award">Nrupatunga Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basava_Puraskara" title="Basava Puraskara">Basava Puraskara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajyotsava_Prashasti" title="Rajyotsava Prashasti">Rajyotsava Prashasti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakanachari_Award" title="Jakanachari Award">Jakanachari Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varnashilpi_Venkatappa_Award" title="Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award">Varnashilpi Venkatappa Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempegowda_Award" title="Kempegowda Award">Kempegowda Award</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Karnataka" title="Media in Karnataka">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_cinema" title="Kannada cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kannada-language_newspapers" title="List of Kannada-language newspapers">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kannada-language_magazines" title="List of Kannada-language magazines">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kannada-language_television_channels" title="List of Kannada-language television channels">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Kannada-language_radio_stations" title="List of Kannada-language radio stations">Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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