CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>July 1954 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"05bd4998-1a35-48a7-9597-c9b4ddd25962","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"July_1954","wgTitle":"July 1954","wgCurRevisionId":1277334966,"wgRevisionId":1277334966,"wgArticleId":48384980,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)","CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)","Source attribution","CS1 errors: periodical ignored","CS1 German-language sources (de)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles needing additional references from February 2020","All articles needing additional references","Articles to be expanded from October 2015","All articles to be expanded","Articles with empty sections from October 2015","All articles with empty sections","Articles to be expanded from October 2024","Articles with empty sections from October 2024","July 1954","July by year","Months in the 1950s"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"July_1954","wgRelevantArticleId":48384980,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q16646907","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="July 1954 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_1954"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_1954"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-July_1954 rootpage-July_1954 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=July+1954" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=July+1954" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=July+1954" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=July+1954" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-July_1,_1954_(Thursday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_1,_1954_(Thursday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>July 1, 1954 (Thursday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_1,_1954_(Thursday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_2,_1954_(Friday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_2,_1954_(Friday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>July 2, 1954 (Friday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_2,_1954_(Friday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_3,_1954_(Saturday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_3,_1954_(Saturday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>July 3, 1954 (Saturday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_3,_1954_(Saturday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_4,_1954_(Sunday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_4,_1954_(Sunday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>July 4, 1954 (Sunday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_4,_1954_(Sunday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_5,_1954_(Monday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_5,_1954_(Monday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>July 5, 1954 (Monday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_5,_1954_(Monday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_6,_1954_(Tuesday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_6,_1954_(Tuesday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>July 6, 1954 (Tuesday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_6,_1954_(Tuesday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_7,_1954_(Wednesday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_7,_1954_(Wednesday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>July 7, 1954 (Wednesday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_7,_1954_(Wednesday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_8,_1954_(Thursday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_8,_1954_(Thursday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>July 8, 1954 (Thursday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_8,_1954_(Thursday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_9,_1954_(Friday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_9,_1954_(Friday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>July 9, 1954 (Friday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_9,_1954_(Friday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_10,_1954_(Saturday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_10,_1954_(Saturday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>July 10, 1954 (Saturday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_10,_1954_(Saturday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_11,_1954_(Sunday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_11,_1954_(Sunday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>July 11, 1954 (Sunday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_11,_1954_(Sunday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_12,_1954_(Monday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_12,_1954_(Monday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>July 12, 1954 (Monday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_12,_1954_(Monday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_13,_1954_(Tuesday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_13,_1954_(Tuesday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>July 13, 1954 (Tuesday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_13,_1954_(Tuesday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_14,_1954_(Wednesday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_14,_1954_(Wednesday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>July 14, 1954 (Wednesday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_14,_1954_(Wednesday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_15,_1954_(Thursday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_15,_1954_(Thursday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>July 15, 1954 (Thursday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_15,_1954_(Thursday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_16,_1954_(Friday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_16,_1954_(Friday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>July 16, 1954 (Friday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_16,_1954_(Friday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_17,_1954_(Saturday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_17,_1954_(Saturday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>July 17, 1954 (Saturday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_17,_1954_(Saturday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_18,_1954_(Sunday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_18,_1954_(Sunday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>July 18, 1954 (Sunday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_18,_1954_(Sunday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_19,_1954_(Monday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_19,_1954_(Monday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>July 19, 1954 (Monday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_19,_1954_(Monday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_20,_1954_(Tuesday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_20,_1954_(Tuesday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>July 20, 1954 (Tuesday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_20,_1954_(Tuesday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_21,_1954_(Wednesday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_21,_1954_(Wednesday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>July 21, 1954 (Wednesday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_21,_1954_(Wednesday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_22,_1954_(Thursday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_22,_1954_(Thursday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22</span> <span>July 22, 1954 (Thursday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_22,_1954_(Thursday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_23,_1954_(Friday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_23,_1954_(Friday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">23</span> <span>July 23, 1954 (Friday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_23,_1954_(Friday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_24,_1954_(Saturday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_24,_1954_(Saturday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24</span> <span>July 24, 1954 (Saturday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_24,_1954_(Saturday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_25,_1954_(Sunday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_25,_1954_(Sunday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">25</span> <span>July 25, 1954 (Sunday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_25,_1954_(Sunday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_26,_1954_(Monday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_26,_1954_(Monday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">26</span> <span>July 26, 1954 (Monday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_26,_1954_(Monday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_27,_1954_(Tuesday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_27,_1954_(Tuesday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">27</span> <span>July 27, 1954 (Tuesday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_27,_1954_(Tuesday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_28,_1954_(Wednesday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_28,_1954_(Wednesday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">28</span> <span>July 28, 1954 (Wednesday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_28,_1954_(Wednesday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_29,_1954_(Thursday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_29,_1954_(Thursday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">29</span> <span>July 29, 1954 (Thursday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_29,_1954_(Thursday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_30,_1954_(Friday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_30,_1954_(Friday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">30</span> <span>July 30, 1954 (Friday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_30,_1954_(Friday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July_31,_1954_(Saturday)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July_31,_1954_(Saturday)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">31</span> <span>July 31, 1954 (Saturday)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July_31,_1954_(Saturday)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">32</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">July 1954</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 3 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juillet_1954" title="Juillet 1954 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Juillet 1954" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%87%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA_%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%85%E1%81%84" title="ဇူလိုင် ၁၉၅၄ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဇူလိုင် ၁၉၅၄" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%82%87%E1%80%9C%E1%81%A2%E1%82%86%E1%82%87_1954" title="ၵျူႇလၢႆႇ 1954 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၵျူႇလၢႆႇ 1954" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16646907#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/July_1954" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:July_1954" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/July_1954"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/July_1954"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/July_1954" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/July_1954" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&oldid=1277334966" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=July_1954&id=1277334966&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJuly_1954"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FJuly_1954"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=July_1954&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:July_1954" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16646907" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Month of 1954</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/July_1954" title="Special:EditPage/July 1954">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22July+1954%22">"July 1954"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22July+1954%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22July+1954%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22July+1954%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22July+1954%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22July+1954%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1255975824">.mw-parser-output .events-by-month{margin:0.5em 0;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;background-color:var(--background-color-base,white);font-size:88%;text-align:center;color:var(--color-emphasized,#101418)}</style><div class="events-by-month" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="1954-label"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><span id="1954-label"><a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/January_1954" title="January 1954">January</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/February_1954" title="February 1954">February</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/March_1954" title="March 1954">March</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/April_1954" title="April 1954">April</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/May_1954" title="May 1954">May</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/June_1954" title="June 1954">June</a></dd> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">July</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/August_1954" title="August 1954">August</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/September_1954" title="September 1954">September</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/October_1954" title="October 1954">October</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/November_1954" title="November 1954">November</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/December_1954" title="December 1954">December</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256396092">.mw-parser-output .calendar-purple{color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .calendar-lightpurple{color:var(--color-base,#202122);background-color:#d8e0ff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .calendar-purple{background-color:#2a2a5c}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .calendar-lightpurple{background-color:#202040}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .calendar-purple{background-color:#2a2a5c}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .calendar-lightpurple{background-color:#202040}}</style> <table class="toccolours floatright" style="text-align:center;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr class="calendar-purple" style=""> <td><a href="/wiki/June_1954" title="June 1954"><<</a> </td> <th colspan="5" style="text-align: center;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">July 1954</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/August_1954" title="August 1954">>></a> </td></tr> <tr class="calendar-purple" style="border: none;"> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Sunday">Su </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Monday">Mo </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Tuesday">Tu </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Wednesday">We </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Thursday">Th </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Friday">Fr </th> <th scope="col" width="*" title="Saturday">Sa </th></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>1</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>2</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>3</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>4</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>5</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>6</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>7</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>8</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9"><span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">0</span>9</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">10</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">11</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">12</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">13</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">14</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">15</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">16</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">17</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">18</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">19</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">20</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">21</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">22</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_23" title="July 23">23</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">24</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">25</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">26</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">27</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">28</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">29</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">30</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">31</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The following events occurred in <b>July 1954</b>: </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_1,_1954_(Thursday)"><span id="July_1.2C_1954_.28Thursday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a>, 1954 (Thursday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: July 1, 1954 (Thursday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Japan's National Security Board was reorganized as the Defense Agency, and the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">Japan Self-Defense Forces</a> were established.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Passport_Union" title="Nordic Passport Union">Nordic Passport Union</a> was extended to allow citizens of the union to live and work in any of the four countries without a residence or work permit.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The United States officially began using the international unit of the <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nautical mile</a>, equal to 6,076.11549 ft. or 1,852 metres.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Two men were killed when a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> plane crashed during a <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officer_Training_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve Officer Training Corps">Reserve Officer Training Corps</a> training flight at <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Kelly Air Force Base">Kelly Air Force Base</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>. One of the dead men was John McBride, a promising <a href="/wiki/Alabama_Crimson_Tide_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Alabama Crimson Tide football team">University of Alabama</a> American football player.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/North_American_X-10" title="North American X-10">North American X-10</a> plane, <i>GM-19308</i>, c/n 2, on <a href="/wiki/SM-64_Navaho" title="SM-64 Navaho">Navaho</a> X-10 flight number 7, developed a fire on board, crashed and burned eight minutes out of <a href="/wiki/Edwards_AFB" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwards AFB">Edwards AFB</a>, California.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>WDBO (now <a href="/wiki/WKMG-TV" title="WKMG-TV">WCPX</a>) TV channel 6 in Orlando, FL (CBS) begins broadcasting</li> <li><b>Died:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thea_von_Harbou" title="Thea von Harbou">Thea von Harbou</a>, 65, German actress and screenwriter<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_A._Butler" title="Hugh A. Butler">Hugh A. Butler</a>, 76, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">United States Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>, died after a <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_2,_1954_(Friday)"><span id="July_2.2C_1954_.28Friday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_2" title="July 2">July 2</a>, 1954 (Friday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: July 2, 1954 (Friday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A ballot of Welsh local authorities, carried out by the <i>South Wales Daily News</i>, revealed a preference for <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a> as the official capital of Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_3,_1954_(Saturday)"><span id="July_3.2C_1954_.28Saturday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_3" title="July 3">July 3</a>, 1954 (Saturday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: July 3, 1954 (Saturday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Following the death of Nebraska Senator <a href="/wiki/Hugh_A._Butler" title="Hugh A. Butler">Hugh A. Butler</a> two days earlier, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._Reynolds" title="Samuel W. Reynolds">Samuel W. Reynolds</a> was appointed by Governor <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Crosby" title="Robert B. Crosby">Robert B. Crosby</a> to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> to fill the open seat. Reynolds' career would be short as he chose to return to his wholesale coal business when elections took place in <a href="/wiki/November_1954" title="November 1954">November 1954</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Died:</b> <a href="/wiki/Reginald_Marsh_(artist)" title="Reginald Marsh (artist)">Reginald Marsh</a>, 56, US artist<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_4,_1954_(Sunday)"><span id="July_4.2C_1954_.28Sunday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a>, 1954 (Sunday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: July 4, 1954 (Sunday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rationing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rationing in the United Kingdom">Food rationing in Great Britain</a> ended with the lifting of restrictions on sale and purchase of meat, 14 years after it began early in World War II and nearly a decade after the war's end.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the "<a href="/wiki/Miracle_of_Bern" class="mw-redirect" title="Miracle of Bern">Miracle of Bern</a>", West Germany beat Hungary 3–2 at the Wankdorf Stadium in <a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a>, Switzerland, to win the <a href="/wiki/1954_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1954 FIFA World Cup">1954 FIFA World Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_5,_1954_(Monday)"><span id="July_5.2C_1954_.28Monday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_5" title="July 5">July 5</a>, 1954 (Monday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: July 5, 1954 (Monday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh_High_Court" title="Andhra Pradesh High Court">Andhra Pradesh High Court</a> was officially inaugurated in India by the country's Home Minister, <a href="/wiki/Kailash_Nath_Katju" title="Kailash Nath Katju">Kailash Nath Katju</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> broadcast the UK's first television news bulletin.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>'s first single, "<a href="/wiki/That%27s_All_Right" title="That's All Right">That's All Right</a>", was recorded by <a href="/wiki/Sun_Records" title="Sun Records">Sun Records</a> in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Born:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Crespo" title="Jimmy Crespo">Jimmy Crespo</a>, US guitarist and songwriter; in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wright_(cricketer,_born_1954)" title="John Wright (cricketer, born 1954)">John Wright</a>, New Zealand cricketer and coach; in <a href="/wiki/Darfield,_New_Zealand" title="Darfield, New Zealand">Darfield, New Zealand</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_6,_1954_(Tuesday)"><span id="July_6.2C_1954_.28Tuesday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_6" title="July 6">July 6</a>, 1954 (Tuesday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: July 6, 1954 (Tuesday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Singapore-registered cargo ship <i><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Venture" title="Cherry Venture">Cherry Venture</a></i> was driven aground in a storm at <a href="/wiki/Teewah_Beach" title="Teewah Beach">Teewah Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, where it would remain until scrapped in 2007. The captain and the crew of 24 people and two monkeys survived.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMOS-TV" title="KMOS-TV">KMOS TV channel 6 in Sedalia-Warrensburg, MO</a> (PBS) begins broadcasting</li> <li><b>Born:</b> <a href="/wiki/Willie_Randolph" title="Willie Randolph">Willie Randolph</a>, American baseball player and manager; in <a href="/wiki/Holly_Hill,_South_Carolina" title="Holly Hill, South Carolina">Holly Hill, South Carolina</a></li> <li><b>Died:</b> <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Pascal" title="Gabriel Pascal">Gabriel Pascal</a>, 60, Hungarian film producer and director</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_7,_1954_(Wednesday)"><span id="July_7.2C_1954_.28Wednesday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a>, 1954 (Wednesday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: July 7, 1954 (Wednesday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/1954_Onslow_by-election" title="1954 Onslow by-election">Onslow by-election</a> to the <a href="/wiki/30th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="30th New Zealand Parliament">30th New Zealand Parliament</a>, caused by the death of <a href="/wiki/Harry_Combs_(politician)" title="Harry Combs (politician)">Harry Combs</a>, was rendered unnecessary in the absence of anyone having come forward by the closing date to oppose Labour candidate <a href="/wiki/Henry_May_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Henry May (New Zealand politician)">Henry May</a>, who was declared elected.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewey_Phillips" title="Dewey Phillips">Dewey Phillips</a> of <a href="/wiki/WHBQ_(AM)" title="WHBQ (AM)">WHBQ (AM)</a> in Memphis became the first radio announcer to broadcast a recording of Elvis Presley. The track "That's All Right" (later pressed as <a href="/wiki/Sun_Records" title="Sun Records">Sun</a> 209) was recorded two days earlier. Upon hearing that his debut record was about to be aired, Presley hid in a movie theater, thinking he would become a laughingstock.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_8,_1954_(Thursday)"><span id="July_8.2C_1954_.28Thursday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a>, 1954 (Thursday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: July 8, 1954 (Thursday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>KMOX (now <a href="/wiki/KMOV" title="KMOV">KMOV</a>) TV channel 4 in Saint Louis, MO (CBS) did their first broadcast.</li> <li><b>Died:</b> <a href="/wiki/George_Gardiner_(boxer)" title="George Gardiner (boxer)">George Gardiner</a> (or Gardner), 77, Irish boxer, first undisputed World Light Heavyweight Champion<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_9,_1954_(Friday)"><span id="July_9.2C_1954_.28Friday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a>, 1954 (Friday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: July 9, 1954 (Friday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>After two years' study of problems that might be encountered in <a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">human spaceflight</a>, a joint group - <a href="/wiki/NACA" class="mw-redirect" title="NACA">NACA</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a> - met in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, to discuss the need for a hypersonic research vehicle and to decide on the type of aircraft that could attain these objectives. The NACA proposal was accepted in <a href="/wiki/December_1954" title="December 1954">December 1954</a>, and a formal memorandum of understanding was signed to initiate the <a href="/wiki/X-15" class="mw-redirect" title="X-15">X-15</a> project. Technical direction of the project was assigned to the NACA.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Born:</b> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_O%27Leary" title="Kevin O'Leary">Kevin O'Leary</a>, Canadian entrepreneur<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_10,_1954_(Saturday)"><span id="July_10.2C_1954_.28Saturday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_10" title="July 10">July 10</a>, 1954 (Saturday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: July 10, 1954 (Saturday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>23-year-old <a href="/wiki/Peter_Thomson_(golfer)" title="Peter Thomson (golfer)">Peter Thomson</a> won <a href="/wiki/The_Open_Championship" title="The Open Championship">the British Open golf championship</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> becoming the first Australian to do so.</li> <li><b>Born:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Dawson" title="Andre Dawson">Andre Dawson</a>, American baseball player; in <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Tennant" title="Neil Tennant">Neil Tennant</a>, British singer-songwriter and record producer; in North Shields<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8D_Yoshimura" title="Yō Yoshimura">Yō Yoshimura</a>, Japanese voice actor (d. 1991)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_11,_1954_(Sunday)"><span id="July_11.2C_1954_.28Sunday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a>, 1954 (Sunday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: July 11, 1954 (Sunday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Died:</b> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Valentine_Knaggs" title="Henry Valentine Knaggs">Henry Valentine Knaggs</a>, 95, English physician and author</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_12,_1954_(Monday)"><span id="July_12.2C_1954_.28Monday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_12" title="July 12">July 12</a>, 1954 (Monday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: July 12, 1954 (Monday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The Panamanian cargo ship <i>San Mardeno</i> ran aground and sank off <a href="/wiki/Saurashtra_(region)" title="Saurashtra (region)">Saurashtra</a>, India, resulting in the death of her captain. The remaining 42 crew members were rescued.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_13,_1954_(Tuesday)"><span id="July_13.2C_1954_.28Tuesday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_13" title="July 13">July 13</a>, 1954 (Tuesday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: July 13, 1954 (Tuesday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Born:</b> <a href="/wiki/Ray_Bright" title="Ray Bright">Ray Bright</a>, Australian cricketer; in Melbourne</li> <li><b>Died:</b></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2013-12-22_Frida_Kahlo_Totenmaske_anagoria.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/2013-12-22_Frida_Kahlo_Totenmaske_anagoria.JPG/220px-2013-12-22_Frida_Kahlo_Totenmaske_anagoria.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/2013-12-22_Frida_Kahlo_Totenmaske_anagoria.JPG/330px-2013-12-22_Frida_Kahlo_Totenmaske_anagoria.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/2013-12-22_Frida_Kahlo_Totenmaske_anagoria.JPG/440px-2013-12-22_Frida_Kahlo_Totenmaske_anagoria.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a><figcaption>Frida Kahlo's <a href="/wiki/Death_mask" title="Death mask">death mask</a> on her bed at La Casa Azul</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frida_Kahlo" title="Frida Kahlo">Frida Kahlo</a>, 47, Mexican painter, died of a <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism" title="Pulmonary embolism">pulmonary embolism</a> (or possibly by suicide) at <a href="/wiki/Frida_Kahlo_Museum" title="Frida Kahlo Museum">La Casa Azul</a>, the house in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> where she was born.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Pichel" title="Irving Pichel">Irving Pichel</a>, 63, US actor and director<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grantland_Rice" title="Grantland Rice">Grantland Rice</a>, 73, US sports writer<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_14,_1954_(Wednesday)"><span id="July_14.2C_1954_.28Wednesday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_14" title="July 14">July 14</a>, 1954 (Wednesday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: July 14, 1954 (Wednesday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The first prototype of the <a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Victor" title="Handley Page Victor">Handley Page Victor</a> bomber was lost when the tail became detached during a low-level pass over the runway at <a href="/wiki/Cranfield_Airport" title="Cranfield Airport">Cranfield</a>, UK, causing the aircraft to crash with the loss of the crew.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gunston_AMFeb81_p61_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunston_AMFeb81_p61-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Died:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacinto_Benavente" title="Jacinto Benavente">Jacinto Benavente</a>, 87, Spanish writer and Nobel laureate<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Saunders" title="Jackie Saunders">Jackie Saunders</a>, 61, American silent screen actress</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_15,_1954_(Thursday)"><span id="July_15.2C_1954_.28Thursday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a>, 1954 (Thursday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: July 15, 1954 (Thursday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The maiden flight of the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_367-80" title="Boeing 367-80">Boeing 367-80</a> (or Dash 80), prototype of the <a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">Boeing 707</a> series, took place.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fangio" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Fangio">Juan Fangio</a>, the Argentine driver for German Grand Prix team <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz" title="Mercedes-Benz">Mercedes-Benz</a>, broke the lap record for the Silverstone Circuit with an average speed of 100.35 miles per hour (161.50 km/h), the previous record being 100.16 miles per hour (161.19 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOCO-TV" title="KOCO-TV">KOCO TV channel 5 in Oklahoma City, OK</a> (ABC) begins broadcasting</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WBOC-TV" title="WBOC-TV">WBOC TV channel 16 in Salisbury, MD</a> (CBS/NBC/ABC) begins broadcasting</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_16,_1954_(Friday)"><span id="July_16.2C_1954_.28Friday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a>, 1954 (Friday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: July 16, 1954 (Friday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/July_1954_lunar_eclipse" title="July 1954 lunar eclipse">partial lunar eclipse</a> took place.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Died:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Frankfort" title="Henri Frankfort">Henri Frankfort</a>, 57, Dutch Egyptologist, archaeologist and orientalist<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herms_Niel" title="Herms Niel">Herms Niel</a>, 66, German composer<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_17,_1954_(Saturday)"><span id="July_17.2C_1954_.28Saturday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_17" title="July 17">July 17</a>, 1954 (Saturday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: July 17, 1954 (Saturday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Argentine driver <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Froil%C3%A1n_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="José Froilán González">José Froilán González</a> won the <a href="/wiki/1954_British_Grand_Prix" title="1954 British Grand Prix">1954 British Grand Prix</a> at Silverstone.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Born:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Merkel" title="Angela Merkel">Angela Merkel</a>, Chancellor of Germany; in <a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Natapei" title="Edward Natapei">Edward Natapei</a>, Vanuatuan politician, 6th <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vanuatu" title="Prime Minister of Vanuatu">Prime Minister of Vanuatu</a> (d. 2015)</li></ul></li> <li><b>Died:</b> <a href="/wiki/Machine_Gun_Kelly_(gangster)" title="Machine Gun Kelly (gangster)">Machine Gun Kelly</a> (George Kelly Barnes), 59, US gangster, died of a <a href="/wiki/Heart_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart attack">heart attack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_18,_1954_(Sunday)"><span id="July_18.2C_1954_.28Sunday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a>, 1954 (Sunday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: July 18, 1954 (Sunday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>France's prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s_France" title="Pierre Mendès France">Pierre Mendès France</a>, obtained an assurance from Chinese leader <a href="/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a> that he would cease to support some of the Viet Minh claims, in the interests of achieving peace in Indochina.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_19,_1954_(Monday)"><span id="July_19.2C_1954_.28Monday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_19" title="July 19">July 19</a>, 1954 (Monday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: July 19, 1954 (Monday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Sun Records released Elvis Presley's first single, "That's All Right", in the United States.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_20,_1954_(Tuesday)"><span id="July_20.2C_1954_.28Tuesday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_20" title="July 20">July 20</a>, 1954 (Tuesday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: July 20, 1954 (Tuesday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/1954_Geneva_Conference" title="1954 Geneva Conference">1954 Geneva Conference</a> ended after nearly two months, resulting in the partition of <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Born:</b> <a href="/wiki/Dave_Shaw_(diver)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dave Shaw (diver)">Dave Shaw</a>, Australian commercial aviator and cave diver (d. 2005)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_21,_1954_(Wednesday)"><span id="July_21.2C_1954_.28Wednesday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_21" title="July 21">July 21</a>, 1954 (Wednesday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: July 21, 1954 (Wednesday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a>: The <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conference_(1954)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Conference (1954)">Geneva Conference</a> sent French forces to the south, and Vietnamese forces to the north, of a ceasefire line, and called for elections to decide the government for all of <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> by <a href="/wiki/July_1956" title="July 1956">July 1956</a>. Failure to abide by the terms of the agreement led to the establishment <i>de facto</i> of regimes of North Vietnam and South Vietnam, and to the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_22,_1954_(Thursday)"><span id="July_22.2C_1954_.28Thursday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a>, 1954 (Thursday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: July 22, 1954 (Thursday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BORAX_experiments#BORAX-I_destructive_test_and_cleanup" title="BORAX experiments">The first-ever meltdown</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactor</a> was deliberately initiated as part of <a href="/wiki/Argonne_National_Laboratory" title="Argonne National Laboratory">Argonne National Laboratory</a>'s <a href="/wiki/BORAX_experiments" title="BORAX experiments">BORAX experiments</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Reactor_Testing_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="National Reactor Testing Station">National Reactor Testing Station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WTHI-TV" title="WTHI-TV">WTHI TV channel 10 in Terre Haute, IN</a> (CBS) begins broadcasting</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_23,_1954_(Friday)"><span id="July_23.2C_1954_.28Friday.29"></span>July 23, 1954 (Friday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: July 23, 1954 (Friday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_24,_1954_(Saturday)"><span id="July_24.2C_1954_.28Saturday.29"></span>July 24, 1954 (Saturday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: July 24, 1954 (Saturday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_25,_1954_(Sunday)"><span id="July_25.2C_1954_.28Sunday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a>, 1954 (Sunday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: July 25, 1954 (Sunday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_26,_1954_(Monday)"><span id="July_26.2C_1954_.28Monday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_26" title="July 26">July 26</a>, 1954 (Monday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: July 26, 1954 (Monday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A US Air Force pilot, Lieutenant Floyd C. Nugent, suffered a <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">landing gear</a> problem while flying a <a href="/wiki/Vought_F7U_Cutlass" title="Vought F7U Cutlass">Vought F7U-3 Cutlass</a>, so he aimed the jet out to sea and ejected.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plane flew on for almost 30 minutes, circling <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_North_Island" title="Naval Air Station North Island">Naval Air Station North Island</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_del_Coronado" title="Hotel del Coronado">Hotel del Coronado</a>, before ditching near the shore.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WCET_(TV)" title="WCET (TV)">WCET TV channel 48 in Cincinnati, OH</a> (PBS) begins broadcasting</li> <li><b>Born:</b> <a href="/wiki/Vitas_Gerulaitis" title="Vitas Gerulaitis">Vitas Gerulaitis</a>, US tennis player; in Brooklyn, New York (d. 1994)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_27,_1954_(Tuesday)"><span id="July_27.2C_1954_.28Tuesday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_27" title="July 27">July 27</a>, 1954 (Tuesday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: July 27, 1954 (Tuesday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The second <a href="/wiki/Avro_Vulcan" title="Avro Vulcan">Avro Vulcan</a> prototype was badly damaged when it swung off the runway upon landing at <a href="/wiki/Farnborough_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Farnborough Airfield">Farnborough</a>, UK.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Born:</b> <a href="/wiki/Lynne_Frederick" title="Lynne Frederick">Lynne Frederick</a>, British actress (d. 1994)<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_28,_1954_(Wednesday)"><span id="July_28.2C_1954_.28Wednesday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_28" title="July 28">July 28</a>, 1954 (Wednesday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: July 28, 1954 (Wednesday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Born:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Hugo Chávez">Hugo Chávez</a>, President of Venezuela; in <a href="/wiki/Sabaneta,_Barinas" title="Sabaneta, Barinas">Sabaneta, Barinas</a> (d. 2013)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerd_Faltings" title="Gerd Faltings">Gerd Faltings</a>, German mathematician; in <a href="/wiki/Buer,_Germany" title="Buer, Germany">Buer</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><b>Died:</b> <a href="/wiki/Sojin_(actor)" title="Sojin (actor)">Sojin</a> (Sōjin Kamiyama), 70, Japanese film star during the American silent film era</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_29,_1954_(Thursday)"><span id="July_29.2C_1954_.28Thursday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a>, 1954 (Thursday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: July 29, 1954 (Thursday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The construction of <a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an official memorial center to commemorate the victims of <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the persecution of the Jews by the Nazis and their accomplices in Europe</a>, began in Jerusalem.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Barbara" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical Storm Barbara">Tropical Storm Barbara</a> made landfall near <a href="/wiki/Vermilion_Bay_(Louisiana)" title="Vermilion Bay (Louisiana)">Vermilion Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, United States,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> causing some flooding and some damage to the local rice crop.</li> <li><b>Died:</b> <a href="/wiki/Coen_de_Koning" title="Coen de Koning">Coen de Koning</a>, 75, Dutch speed skater (b. 1879)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_30,_1954_(Friday)"><span id="July_30.2C_1954_.28Friday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_30" title="July 30">July 30</a>, 1954 (Friday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: July 30, 1954 (Friday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Television_Act_1954" title="Television Act 1954">Television Act 1954</a> received Royal Assent, enabling the creation of a commercial television service in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="July_31,_1954_(Saturday)"><span id="July_31.2C_1954_.28Saturday.29"></span><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a>, 1954 (Saturday)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: July 31, 1954 (Saturday)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Compagnoni_summit_K2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Compagnoni_summit_K2.jpg/200px-Compagnoni_summit_K2.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Compagnoni_summit_K2.jpg/300px-Compagnoni_summit_K2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6e/Compagnoni_summit_K2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="462" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Achille Compagnoni</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lacedelli_summit_K2_improved_resolution.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Lacedelli_summit_K2_improved_resolution.png/200px-Lacedelli_summit_K2_improved_resolution.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Lacedelli_summit_K2_improved_resolution.png/300px-Lacedelli_summit_K2_improved_resolution.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/19/Lacedelli_summit_K2_improved_resolution.png 2x" data-file-width="314" data-file-height="423" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Lino Lacedelli</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">Summit photographs of Compagnoni and Lacedelli</div></div></div></div> <ul><li>On <a href="/wiki/1954_Italian_Karakoram_expedition_to_K2" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 Italian Karakoram expedition to K2">an Italian expedition to K2</a>, mountaineers <a href="/wiki/Lino_Lacedelli" title="Lino Lacedelli">Lino Lacedelli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Achille_Compagnoni" title="Achille Compagnoni">Achille Compagnoni</a> became the first two people to reach the summit of the second highest mountain in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/1954_Patea_by-election" title="1954 Patea by-election">Patea by-election</a> to the <a href="/wiki/30th_New_Zealand_Parliament" title="30th New Zealand Parliament">30th New Zealand Parliament</a>, brought about by the resignation of <a href="/wiki/William_Sheat" title="William Sheat">William Sheat</a>, resulted in Sheat being re-elected as an Independent candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_1954&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREF武居智久2008" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Tomohisa_Takei" title="Tomohisa Takei">武居智久</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215184134/http://www.mod.go.jp/msdf/navcol/SSG/topics-column/images/c-030/c-030.pdf"><bdi lang="ja">海洋新時代における海上自衛隊</bdi></a> [Japan Maritime Self Defense Force in the New Maritime Era] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>波涛</i> (in Japanese). <b>34</b>. 波涛編集委員会: 5. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mod.go.jp/msdf/navcol/SSG/topics-column/images/c-030/c-030.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 15 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E6%B3%A2%E6%B6%9B&rft.atitle=%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E6%96%B0%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E6%B5%B7%E4%B8%8A%E8%87%AA%E8%A1%9B%E9%9A%8A&rft.volume=34&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2008&rft.au=%E6%AD%A6%E5%B1%85%E6%99%BA%E4%B9%85&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mod.go.jp%2Fmsdf%2Fnavcol%2FSSG%2Ftopics-column%2Fimages%2Fc-030%2Fc-030.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPlender1988" class="citation book cs1">Plender, Richard (5 April 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uDKo3IcTDCwC&pg=PA288"><i>International Migration Law</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Martinus_Nijhoff_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Martinus Nijhoff Publishers">Martinus Nijhoff Publishers</a>. p. 288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-247-3604-8" title="Special:BookSources/90-247-3604-8"><bdi>90-247-3604-8</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Migration+Law&rft.pages=288&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=1988-04-05&rft.isbn=90-247-3604-8&rft.aulast=Plender&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuDKo3IcTDCwC%26pg%3DPA288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OskkAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA8-PA17"><i>BuDocks Technical Digest, Construction, Maintenance & Operation of the Navy's Shore Establishments</i></a>. 1954. p. 8 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=BuDocks+Technical+Digest%2C+Construction%2C+Maintenance+%26+Operation+of+the+Navy%27s+Shore+Establishments&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1954&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOskkAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DRA8-PA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oklahoman.com/article/3624589/athletes-coaches-and-officials-who-died-in-plane-crashes">"Athletes, coaches and officials who died in plane crashes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oklahoman" title="The Oklahoman">The Oklahoman</a></i>. 18 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oklahoman&rft.atitle=Athletes%2C+coaches+and+officials+who+died+in+plane+crashes&rft.date=2011-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foklahoman.com%2Farticle%2F3624589%2Fathletes-coaches-and-officials-who-died-in-plane-crashes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020520201516/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/navhox10.htm">"Navaho X-10"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Astronautica" title="Encyclopedia Astronautica">Encyclopedia Astronautica</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/navhox10.htm">the original</a> on May 20, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Navaho+X-10&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Astronautica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Flvs%2Fnavhox10.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcGilligan1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_McGilligan_(biographer)" title="Patrick McGilligan (biographer)">McGilligan, Patrick</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EdH1GwAACAAJ"><i>Fritz Lang: The Nature of the Beast</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>: <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. p. 414. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-19454-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-19454-3"><bdi>978-0-312-19454-3</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fritz+Lang%3A+The+Nature+of+the+Beast&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=414&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-312-19454-3&rft.aulast=McGilligan&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEdH1GwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/B001177">"BUTLER, Hugh Alfred 1878 – 1954"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=BUTLER%2C+Hugh+Alfred+1878+%E2%80%93+1954&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fsearch%2Fbio%2FB001177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/2854567.stm">"Capital claims - A city's struggle"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC News Wales">BBC News Wales</a></i>. 22 April 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Wales&rft.atitle=Capital+claims+-+A+city%27s+struggle&rft.date=2003-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fwales%2F2854567.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000180">"REYNOLDS, Samuel Williams 1890 – 1988"</a>. <i>Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=REYNOLDS%2C+Samuel+Williams+1890+%E2%80%93+1988&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DR000180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLevinThyssen-Bornemisza1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gail_Levin_(art_historian)" title="Gail Levin (art historian)">Levin, Gail</a>; Thyssen-Bornemisza, Sammlung (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X3_qAAAAMAAJ"><i>Twentieth-century American painting: the Thyssen-Bornemisza collection</i></a>. Sotheby's Publications. p. 394. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85667-332-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85667-332-0"><bdi>978-0-85667-332-0</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twentieth-century+American+painting%3A+the+Thyssen-Bornemisza+collection&rft.pages=394&rft.pub=Sotheby%27s+Publications&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-85667-332-0&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Gail&rft.au=Thyssen-Bornemisza%2C+Sammlung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX3_qAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreat_BritainHardinge_Stanley_Giffard_Halsbury_(Earl_of)Butterworths_(Firm)1955" class="citation book cs1">Great Britain; <a href="/wiki/Hardinge_Giffard,_1st_Earl_of_Halsbury" title="Hardinge Giffard, 1st Earl of Halsbury">Hardinge Stanley Giffard Halsbury (Earl of)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Butterworths" class="mw-redirect" title="Butterworths">Butterworths (Firm)</a> (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tD5LAQAAIAAJ"><i>Halsbury's statutes of England</i></a>. Butterworth. p. 169 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Halsbury%27s+statutes+of+England&rft.pages=169&rft.pub=Butterworth&rft.date=1955&rft.au=Great+Britain&rft.au=Hardinge+Stanley+Giffard+Halsbury+%28Earl+of%29&rft.au=Butterworths+%28Firm%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtD5LAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMajundar2012" class="citation web cs1">Majundar, Amlan (11 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehardtackle.com/2012/a-game-that-changed-germany-and-hungary-forever-the-miracle-of-bern//">"The miracle of Bern – a game that changed Germany and Hungary forever"</a>. theHardTackle<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+miracle+of+Bern+%E2%80%93+a+game+that+changed+Germany+and+Hungary+forever&rft.pub=theHardTackle&rft.date=2012-10-11&rft.aulast=Majundar&rft.aufirst=Amlan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehardtackle.com%2F2012%2Fa-game-that-changed-germany-and-hungary-forever-the-miracle-of-bern%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBhatt2005" class="citation book cs1">Bhatt, Shankarlal C. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i4pvVOd2L0cC&pg=PA642"><i>Land and people of Indian states and union territories : (in 36 volumes). 2. Andhra Pradesh</i></a>. Gyan Publishing House. p. 642. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7835-358-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7835-358-6"><bdi>978-81-7835-358-6</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land+and+people+of+Indian+states+and+union+territories+%3A+%28in+36+volumes%29.+2.+Andhra+Pradesh&rft.pages=642&rft.pub=Gyan+Publishing+House&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-7835-358-6&rft.aulast=Bhatt&rft.aufirst=Shankarlal+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di4pvVOd2L0cC%26pg%3DPA642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNegrine1998" class="citation book cs1">Negrine, Ralph M. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EBG9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA99"><i>Television and the Press Since 1945</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4921-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4921-7"><bdi>978-0-7190-4921-7</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Television+and+the+Press+Since+1945&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-4921-7&rft.aulast=Negrine&rft.aufirst=Ralph+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEBG9AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchinderSchwartz2008" class="citation book cs1">Schinder, Scott; Schwartz, Andy (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iconsofrockencyc0000schi"><i>Icons of Rock</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood Press">Greenwood Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/iconsofrockencyc0000schi/page/22">22</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33846-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33846-5"><bdi>978-0-313-33846-5</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Icons+of+Rock&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33846-5&rft.aulast=Schinder&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.au=Schwartz%2C+Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ficonsofrockencyc0000schi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/elvis-presley-records-thats-all-right-mama">"Elvis Presley records "That's All Right (Mama)"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/History_(American_TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="History (American TV network)">HISTORY</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/A%26E_Television_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="A&E Television Networks">A&E Television Networks</a>. July 1, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft.atitle=Elvis+Presley+records+%22That%27s+All+Right+%28Mama%29%22&rft.date=2020-07-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Felvis-presley-records-thats-all-right-mama&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theage.com.au/news/National/Cherry-Venture-to-be-removed-next-month/2007/01/16/1168709731283.html">"Cherry Venture to be removed next month"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Age" title="The Age">The Age</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Digital" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairfax Digital">Fairfax Digital</a>. 16 January 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Age&rft.atitle=Cherry+Venture+to+be+removed+next+month&rft.date=2007-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theage.com.au%2Fnews%2FNational%2FCherry-Venture-to-be-removed-next-month%2F2007%2F01%2F16%2F1168709731283.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Norton1988" class="citation book cs1">Norton, Clifford (1988). <i>New Zealand parliamentary election results, 1946–1987</i>. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington Department of Political Science. p. 297. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-475-11200-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-475-11200-8"><bdi>0-475-11200-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+parliamentary+election+results%2C+1946%E2%80%931987&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pages=297&rft.pub=Victoria+University+of+Wellington+Department+of+Political+Science&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-475-11200-8&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Clifford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyberboxingzone.com/boxing/lheavy.htm">"The Lineal Light Heavyweight Champions"</a>. <i>The Cyber Boxing Zone Encyclopedia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Lineal+Light+Heavyweight+Champions&rft.btitle=The+Cyber+Boxing+Zone+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyberboxingzone.com%2Fboxing%2Flheavy.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrimwood" class="citation book cs1">Grimwood, James M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4001/p1a.htm">"Part 1 (A) Major Events Leading to Project Mercury March 1944 through December 1957"</a>. <i>Project Mercury - A Chronology</i>. NASA Special Publication-4001. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+1+%28A%29+Major+Events+Leading+to+Project+Mercury+March+1944+through+December+1957&rft.btitle=Project+Mercury+-+A+Chronology&rft.series=NASA+Special+Publication-4001&rft.pub=NASA&rft.aulast=Grimwood&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2FSP-4001%2Fp1a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCambone2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Cambone, Daniela (9 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/kitconews/2012/05/09/kevin-olearys-cold-hard-truth-on-gold-investing">"Kevin O'Leary's 'Cold, Hard, Truth' on Gold Investing"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Kevin+O%27Leary%27s+%27Cold%2C+Hard%2C+Truth%27+on+Gold+Investing&rft.date=2012-05-09&rft.aulast=Cambone&rft.aufirst=Daniela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fkitconews%2F2012%2F05%2F09%2Fkevin-olearys-cold-hard-truth-on-gold-investing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=bSogAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4GoDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4944%2C5563805">"Peter Thomson wins British Open with 283"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Post-Gazette" title="Pittsburgh Post-Gazette">Pittsburgh Post-Gazette</a></i>. Associated Press. 10 July 1954. p. 11 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_News" title="Google News">Google News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pittsburgh+Post-Gazette&rft.atitle=Peter+Thomson+wins+British+Open+with+283&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1954-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DbSogAAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3D4GoDAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D4944%252C5563805&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFReesCrampton1999" class="citation book cs1">Rees, Dafydd; Crampton, Luke (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rockstarsencyclo00rees"><i>Rock Stars Encyclopedia</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/DK_(publisher)" title="DK (publisher)">DK Pub.</a> p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rockstarsencyclo00rees/page/752">752</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7894-4613-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7894-4613-8"><bdi>978-0-7894-4613-8</bdi></a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rock+Stars+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=752&rft.pub=DK+Pub.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7894-4613-8&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=Dafydd&rft.au=Crampton%2C+Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frockstarsencyclo00rees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1">"Captain Goes Down With Ship". <i>The Times</i>. No. 52982. London. 13 July 1954. col B, p. 7.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Captain+Goes+Down+With+Ship&rft.issue=52982&rft.pages=col+B%2C+p.-7&rft.date=1954-07-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerrera2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hayden_Herrera" title="Hayden Herrera">Herrera, Hayden</a> (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frida00hayd"><i>Frida: A Biography of Frida Kahlo</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Harper_Perennial" title="Harper Perennial">Harper Perennial</a>. pp. 12, <span class="nowrap">425–</span>433. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-008589-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-008589-6"><bdi>978-0-06-008589-6</bdi></a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frida%3A+A+Biography+of+Frida+Kahlo&rft.pages=12%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E425-%3C%2Fspan%3E433&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-06-008589-6&rft.aulast=Herrera&rft.aufirst=Hayden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffrida00hayd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWillisBlum1955" class="citation book cs1">Willis, John; Blum, Daniel C. (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HlgZAQAAIAAJ"><i>Screen World</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Crown_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Publishers">Crown Publishers</a>. p. 225 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Screen+World&rft.pages=225&rft.pub=Crown+Publishers&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Blum%2C+Daniel+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHlgZAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarper1999" class="citation book cs1">Harper, William Arthur (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howyouplayedgame00harp"><i>How You Played the Game: The Life of Grantland Rice</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Missouri_Press" title="University of Missouri Press">University of Missouri Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howyouplayedgame00harp/page/579">579</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8262-1204-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8262-1204-7"><bdi>978-0-8262-1204-7</bdi></a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+You+Played+the+Game%3A+The+Life+of+Grantland+Rice&rft.pages=579&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8262-1204-7&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=William+Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowyouplayedgame00harp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barnes 1976, p. 506.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gunston_AMFeb81_p61-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gunston_AMFeb81_p61_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gunston <i>Aeroplane Monthly</i> February 1981, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKunitz1955" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kunitz" title="Stanley Kunitz">Kunitz, Stanley</a> (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d9_TAAAAMAAJ"><i>Twentieth Century Authors: A Biographical Dictionary of Modern Literature. Supplement</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/H._W._Wilson_Company" title="H. W. Wilson Company">H. W. Wilson</a>. p. 74 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twentieth+Century+Authors%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary+of+Modern+Literature.+Supplement&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=H.+W.+Wilson&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Kunitz&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd9_TAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statsf1.com/en/1954/grande-bretagne/qualification.aspx">"Britain 1954 – Qualifying"</a>. statsf1.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Britain+1954+%E2%80%93+Qualifying&rft.pub=statsf1.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statsf1.com%2Fen%2F1954%2Fgrande-bretagne%2Fqualification.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hermit.org/Eclipse/gen_stats.cgi?mode=query&page=full&qtype=type&body=L&saros=138">"Hermit Eclipse: Saros cycle 138"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hermit+Eclipse%3A+Saros+cycle+138&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hermit.org%2FEclipse%2Fgen_stats.cgi%3Fmode%3Dquery%26page%3Dfull%26qtype%3Dtype%26body%3DL%26saros%3D138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrankfort1958" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Frankfort" title="Henri Frankfort">Frankfort, Henri</a> (1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ur0jAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. p. xxiii – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+and+Architecture+of+the+Ancient+Orient&rft.pages=xxiii&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1958&rft.aulast=Frankfort&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dur0jAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMatthews2002" class="citation book cs1">Matthews, Brian (2002). "The Reich's Song Composers, Lyricists & Performers". <i>The Military Music & Bandsmen of Adolf Hitler's Third Reich 1933 - 1945</i>. Tomahawk Films. pp. <span class="nowrap">218–</span>19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9542812-0-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-9542812-0-9"><bdi>0-9542812-0-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Reich%27s+Song+Composers%2C+Lyricists+%26+Performers&rft.btitle=The+Military+Music+%26+Bandsmen+of+Adolf+Hitler%27s+Third+Reich+1933+-+1945&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E218-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.pub=Tomahawk+Films&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-9542812-0-9&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141104142815/http://www.formula1.com/results/season/1954/709/">"1954 British Grand Prix"</a>. formula1.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.formula1.com/results/season/1954/709/">the original</a> on 4 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1954+British+Grand+Prix&rft.pub=formula1.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.formula1.com%2Fresults%2Fseason%2F1954%2F709%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLangguth2005" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Gerd_Langguth" title="Gerd Langguth">Langguth, Gerd</a> (August 2005). <i>Angela Merkel</i> (in German). p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3423244852" title="Special:BookSources/3423244852"><bdi>3423244852</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Angela+Merkel&rft.pages=10&rft.date=2005-08&rft.isbn=3423244852&rft.aulast=Langguth&rft.aufirst=Gerd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7_ETAAAAYAAJ"><i>Papers</i></a>. West Tennessee Historical Society. 1996. pp. <span class="nowrap">54–</span>57 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Papers&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E54-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.pub=West+Tennessee+Historical+Society&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7_ETAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFishel1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wesley_R._Fishel" title="Wesley R. Fishel">Fishel, Wesley R.</a> (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PsduAAAAMAAJ"><i>Vietnam: Anatomy of a Conflict</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/F._E._Peacock" class="mw-redirect" title="F. E. Peacock">F. E. Peacock</a>. p. 58.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vietnam%3A+Anatomy+of+a+Conflict&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=F.+E.+Peacock&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Fishel&rft.aufirst=Wesley+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPsduAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFYoung1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_B._Young" title="Marilyn B. Young">Young, Marilyn</a> (1991). <i>The Vietnam Wars: 1945–1990</i>. New York: HarperPerennial. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-092107-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-092107-1"><bdi>978-0-06-092107-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Vietnam+Wars%3A+1945%E2%80%931990&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=HarperPerennial&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-06-092107-1&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcKeown2003" class="citation book cs1">McKeown, William (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ATkLIZ06YJQC&pg=PA38"><i>Idaho Falls: The Untold Story of America's First Nuclear Accident</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>: <a href="/wiki/ECW_Press" title="ECW Press">ECW Press</a>. p. 38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55022-562-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55022-562-4"><bdi>978-1-55022-562-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2024</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Idaho+Falls%3A+The+Untold+Story+of+America%27s+First+Nuclear+Accident&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=ECW+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-55022-562-4&rft.aulast=McKeown&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DATkLIZ06YJQC%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160112180003/http://www.ejection-history.org.uk/Aircraft_by_Type/F7U-Cutlass/F-7U-Cutlass.htm">"F-7U-Cutlass"</a>. <i>ejection-history.org.uk</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ejection-history.org.uk/Aircraft_by_Type/F7U-Cutlass/F-7U-Cutlass.htm">the original</a> on January 12, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ejection-history.org.uk&rft.atitle=F-7U-Cutlass&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ejection-history.org.uk%2FAircraft_by_Type%2FF7U-Cutlass%2FF-7U-Cutlass.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAgle2012" class="citation magazine cs1">Agle, DC (August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/air-space-magazine/the-gutless-cutlass-12023991/">"In the early jet age, pilots had good reason to fear the F7U: The Gutless Cutlass"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Air_%26_Space/Smithsonian" title="Air & Space/Smithsonian">Air & Space Magazine</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+%26+Space+Magazine&rft.atitle=In+the+early+jet+age%2C+pilots+had+good+reason+to+fear+the+F7U%3A+The+Gutless+Cutlass.&rft.date=2012-08&rft.aulast=Agle&rft.aufirst=DC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fair-space-magazine%2Fthe-gutless-cutlass-12023991%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFButtler2007" class="citation magazine cs1">Buttler, Tony (April 2007). "Triumph and Tragedy". <i><a href="/wiki/Aeroplane_(magazine)" title="Aeroplane (magazine)">Aeroplane</a></i>. No. 408. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, UK. p. 57.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Aeroplane&rft.atitle=Triumph+and+Tragedy&rft.issue=408&rft.pages=57&rft.date=2007-04&rft.aulast=Buttler&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNoble1974" class="citation book cs1">Noble, Peter (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zJFmAAAAMAAJ"><i>British Film and Television Year Book</i></a>. Cinema TV Today. p. 144 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Film+and+Television+Year+Book&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=Cinema+TV+Today&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Noble&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzJFmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGale_Group2003" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gale_(publisher)" title="Gale (publisher)">Gale Group</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzksAQAAMAAJ">"Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías"</a>. <i>Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations</i>. Gale Group. p. 690. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780787673307" title="Special:BookSources/9780787673307"><bdi>9780787673307</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hugo+Rafael+Ch%C3%A1vez+Fr%C3%ADas&rft.btitle=Worldmark+Encyclopedia+of+the+Nations&rft.pages=690&rft.pub=Gale+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780787673307&rft.au=Gale+Group&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZzksAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilsonGray2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Wilson_(mathematician)" title="Robin Wilson (mathematician)">Wilson, Robin</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Gray" title="Jeremy Gray">Gray, Jeremy</a> (6 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e0TTBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA84"><i>Mathematical Conversations: Selections from The Mathematical Intelligencer</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science_%26_Business_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Springer Science & Business Media">Springer Science & Business Media</a>. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4613-0195-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4613-0195-0"><bdi>978-1-4613-0195-0</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mathematical+Conversations%3A+Selections+from+The+Mathematical+Intelligencer&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft.isbn=978-1-4613-0195-0&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft.au=Gray%2C+Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De0TTBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.annefrank.org/en/anne-frank/the-timeline/entire-timeline/#179">"The entire Timeline"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+entire+Timeline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.annefrank.org%2Fen%2Fanne-frank%2Fthe-timeline%2Fentire-timeline%2F%23179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDavis1954" class="citation journal cs1">Davis, Walter R. (December 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1954.pdf">"Hurricanes of 1954"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Monthly_Weather_Review" title="Monthly Weather Review">Monthly Weather Review</a></i>. <b>82</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">370–</span>373. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1954MWRv...82..370D">1954MWRv...82..370D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1175%2F1520-0493%281954%29082%3C0370%3Aho%3E2.0.co%3B2">10.1175/1520-0493(1954)082<0370:ho>2.0.co;2</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629054150/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/mwreviews/1954.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 29, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Weather+Review&rft.atitle=Hurricanes+of+1954&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E370-%3C%2Fspan%3E373&rft.date=1954-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1175%2F1520-0493%281954%29082%3C0370%3Aho%3E2.0.co%3B2&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1954MWRv...82..370D&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Walter+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aoml.noaa.gov%2Fgeneral%2Flib%2Flib1%2Fnhclib%2Fmwreviews%2F1954.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFinchCoxGiles2003" class="citation book cs1">Finch, John; Cox, Michael; Giles, Marjorie (8 November 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UkfW4c2PwwcC&pg=PA9"><i>Granada Television--The First Generation</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6515-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-6515-6"><bdi>978-0-7190-6515-6</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Granada+Television--The+First+Generation&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=2003-11-08&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-6515-6&rft.aulast=Finch&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Cox%2C+Michael&rft.au=Giles%2C+Marjorie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUkfW4c2PwwcC%26pg%3DPA9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFConefrey2015" class="citation book cs1">Conefrey, Mick (2015). <i>The Ghosts of K2: the Epic Saga of the First Ascent</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Oneworld_Publications" title="Oneworld Publications">Oneworld</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78074-595-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78074-595-4"><bdi>978-1-78074-595-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ghosts+of+K2%3A+the+Epic+Saga+of+the+First+Ascent&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Oneworld&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-78074-595-4&rft.aulast=Conefrey&rft.aufirst=Mick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNorton1988" class="citation book cs1">Norton, Clifford (1988). <i>New Zealand parliamentary election results, 1946–1987</i>. <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>: Victoria University of Wellington Department of Political Science. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-475-11200-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-475-11200-8"><bdi>0-475-11200-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+parliamentary+election+results%2C+1946%E2%80%931987&rft.place=Wellington&rft.pub=Victoria+University+of+Wellington+Department+of+Political+Science&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-475-11200-8&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Clifford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+1954" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Events_by_month145" style="width:40em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Events_by_month_links" title="Template:Events by month links"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Events_by_month_links" title="Template talk:Events by month links"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Events_by_month_links" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Events by month links"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Events_by_month145" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events by month</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1958" title="1958">1958</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1958" title="January 1958">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1958" title="February 1958">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1958" title="March 1958">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1958" title="April 1958">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1958" title="May 1958">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1958" title="June 1958">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1958" title="July 1958">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1958" title="August 1958">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1958" title="September 1958">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1958" title="October 1958">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1958" title="November 1958">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1958" title="December 1958">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1957" title="1957">1957</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1957" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1957">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1957" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1957">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1957" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1957">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1957" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1957">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1957" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1957">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1957" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1957">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1957" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1957">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1957" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1957">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1957" title="September 1957">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1957" title="October 1957">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1957" title="November 1957">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1957" title="December 1957">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1956" title="1956">1956</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1956" title="January 1956">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1956" title="February 1956">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1956" title="March 1956">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1956" title="April 1956">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1956" title="May 1956">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1956" title="June 1956">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1956" title="July 1956">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1956" title="August 1956">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1956" title="September 1956">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1956" title="October 1956">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1956" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1956">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1956" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1956">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1955" title="1955">1955</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1955" title="January 1955">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1955" title="February 1955">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1955" title="March 1955">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1955" title="April 1955">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1955" title="May 1955">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1955" title="June 1955">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1955" title="July 1955">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1955" title="August 1955">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1955" title="September 1955">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1955" title="October 1955">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1955" title="November 1955">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1955" title="December 1955">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1954" title="1954">1954</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1954" title="January 1954">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1954" title="February 1954">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1954" title="March 1954">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1954" title="April 1954">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1954" title="May 1954">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1954" title="June 1954">Jun</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1954" title="August 1954">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1954" title="September 1954">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1954" title="October 1954">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1954" title="November 1954">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1954" title="December 1954">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1953" title="1953">1953</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1953" title="January 1953">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1953" title="February 1953">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1953" title="March 1953">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1953" title="April 1953">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1953" title="May 1953">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1953" title="June 1953">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1953" title="July 1953">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1953" title="August 1953">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1953" title="September 1953">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1953" title="October 1953">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1953" title="November 1953">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1953" title="December 1953">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1952" title="1952">1952</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1952">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1952">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1952">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1952">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1952">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1952">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1952">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1952">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1952">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1952">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1952">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1952" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1952">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1951" title="1951">1951</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1951" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1951">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1951" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1951">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1951" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1951">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1951" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1951">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1951" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1951">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1951" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1951">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1951" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1951">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1951" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1951">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1951" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1951">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1951" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1951">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1951" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1951">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1951" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1951">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1950" title="1950">1950</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1950" title="January 1950">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1950" title="February 1950">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1950" title="March 1950">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1950" title="April 1950">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1950" title="May 1950">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1950" title="June 1950">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1950" title="July 1950">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1950" title="August 1950">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1950" title="September 1950">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1950" title="October 1950">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1950" title="November 1950">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1950" title="December 1950">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1949" title="January 1949">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1949" title="February 1949">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1949" title="March 1949">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1949" title="April 1949">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1949" title="May 1949">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1949" title="June 1949">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1949" title="July 1949">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1949" title="August 1949">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1949" title="September 1949">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1949" title="October 1949">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1949" title="November 1949">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1949" title="December 1949">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=July_1954&oldid=1277334966">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=July_1954&oldid=1277334966</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:July_1954" title="Category:July 1954">July 1954</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:July_by_year" title="Category:July by year">July by year</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Months_in_the_1950s" title="Category:Months in the 1950s">Months in the 1950s</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Japanese-language_script_(ja)" title="Category:CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)">CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Japanese-language_sources_(ja)" title="Category:CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)">CS1 Japanese-language sources (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Source_attribution" title="Category:Source attribution">Source attribution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_periodical_ignored" title="Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored">CS1 errors: periodical ignored</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_February_2020" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from February 2020">Articles needing additional references from February 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_October_2015" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from October 2015">Articles to be expanded from October 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_empty_sections_from_October_2015" title="Category:Articles with empty sections from October 2015">Articles with empty sections from October 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_empty_sections" title="Category:All articles with empty sections">All articles with empty sections</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from October 2024">Articles to be expanded from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_empty_sections_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles with empty sections from October 2024">Articles with empty sections from October 2024</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 February 2025, at 01:36<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=July_1954&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">July 1954</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>3 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-866f5d587f-kgs7l","wgBackendResponseTime":192,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.657","walltime":"0.841","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4970,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":145660,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3956,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":126,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":188563,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 737.404 1 -total"," 41.99% 309.668 1 Template:Reflist"," 20.62% 152.044 1 Template:Events_by_month_links"," 20.34% 149.967 1 Template:Events_by_month_links/box"," 20.06% 147.940 1 Template:Navbox"," 15.07% 111.142 27 Template:Cite_book"," 11.87% 87.533 10 Template:Events_by_month_links/months"," 11.44% 84.324 2 Template:Cite_journal"," 9.43% 69.547 1 Template:Short_description"," 7.85% 57.921 4 Template:Ambox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.356","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8640482,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-958d75f5c-xk2wh","timestamp":"20250306033631","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"July 1954","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/July_1954","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16646907","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q16646907","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2015-10-27T15:26:24Z","dateModified":"2025-02-24T01:36:12Z","headline":"month of 1954"}</script> </body> </html>