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however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Unda akaunti</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:IngiaMtumiaji&returnto=Kostroma" title="Tunakushajiisha kuingia, lakini siyo lazima. 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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ingia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tovuti"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Yaliyomo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Yaliyomo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Mwanzo</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tazama_pia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tazama_pia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tazama pia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tazama_pia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Yaliyomo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Geuza uonekanaji wa yaliyomo</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kostroma</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Nenda kwenye makala kwa lugha nyingine. Lugha 84 zinapatikana" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-84" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lugha 84</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kiafrikana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Kiafrikana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="كوستروما – Kiarabu" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوستروما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Kiarabu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostrom%C3%A1" title="Kostromá – Kiasturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kostromá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Kiasturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kiazerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Kiazerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="کوستروما – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوستروما" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Kibashkiri" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Kibashkiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кастрама – Kibelarusi" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кастрама" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Kibelarusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кастрама – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кастрама" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Kibulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Kibulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostrom%C3%A0" title="Kostromà – Kikatalani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kostromà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Kikatalani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Kichechenia" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Kichechenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Kostroma (kapital sa lalawigan) – Kichebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kostroma (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Kichebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kicheki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Kicheki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Kichuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Kichuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kiwelisi" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Kiwelisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(by)" title="Kostroma (by) – Kidenmaki" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kostroma (by)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Kidenmaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kijerumani" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Kijerumani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AC" title="Κοστρομά – Kigiriki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κοστρομά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Kigiriki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kiingereza" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Kiingereza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kiesperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Kiesperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostrom%C3%A1" title="Kostromá – Kihispania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kostromá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Kihispania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kiestonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Kiestonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kibaski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Kibaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="کوستروما – Kiajemi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوستروما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Kiajemi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kifini" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Kifini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kifaransa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Kifaransa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(Steed)" title="Kostroma (Steed) – Kifrisia cha Kaskazini" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kostroma (Steed)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Kifrisia cha Kaskazini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kifrisia cha Magharibi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Kifrisia cha Magharibi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%94" title="קוסטרומה – Kiebrania" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוסטרומה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Kiebrania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kisobia cha Ukanda wa Juu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Kisobia cha Ukanda wa Juu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosztroma" title="Kosztroma – Kihungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kosztroma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Kihungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1" title="Կոստրոմա – Kiarmenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոստրոմա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Kiarmenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kiindonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Kiindonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kiido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Kiido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(citt%C3%A0)" title="Kostroma (città) – Kiitaliano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kostroma (città)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Kiitaliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9E" title="コストロマ – Kijapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コストロマ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Kijapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="კოსტრომა – Kijojia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოსტრომა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Kijojia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88" title="코스트로마 – Kikorea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코스트로마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Kikorea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Kikyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kikyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costroma" title="Costroma – Kilatini" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Costroma" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Kilatini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kilasembagi" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Kilasembagi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kilithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Kilithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kilatvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Kilatvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Lugha ya Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Lugha ya Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Kimacedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Kimacedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Kimongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Kimongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Кострома ош – Kierzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кострома ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Kierzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(stad)" title="Kostroma (stad) – Kiholanzi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kostroma (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Kiholanzi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kinorwe cha Bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Kinorwe cha Bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Kiosetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Kiosetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(miasto)" title="Kostroma (miasto) – Kipolandi" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kostroma (miasto)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Kipolandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="کوسټروما – Kipashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوسټروما" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Kipashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costroma" title="Costroma – Kireno" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Costroma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Kireno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kiromania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Kiromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Kirusi" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Kirusi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kislovakia" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Kislovakia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kislovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Kislovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kisami cha Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Kisami cha Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Kiserbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Kiserbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kiswidi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Kiswidi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(mjasto)" title="Kostroma (mjasto) – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kostroma (mjasto)" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Kitajiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Kitajiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="คอสโตรมา – Kithai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอสโตรมา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Kithai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kituruki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Kituruki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Kitatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Kitatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Kiudmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Kiudmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кострома – Kiukraini" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кострома" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Kiukraini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7" title="کوستروما – Kiurdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کوستروما" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Kiurdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma_(shahar)" title="Kostroma (shahar) – Kiuzbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kostroma (shahar)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Kiuzbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostrom" title="Kostrom – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kostrom" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kivietinamu" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Kivietinamu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Kiwaray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Kiwaray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC" title="科斯特罗马 – Kichina cha Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="科斯特罗马" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Kichina cha Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="კოსტრომა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოსტრომა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" title="科斯特羅馬 – Kichina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科斯特羅馬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kichina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kostroma" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" title="科斯特羅馬 – Kikantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="科斯特羅馬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kikantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2592#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Hariri viungo vya lugha zingine" class="wbc-editpage">Hariri viungo</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Maeneo ya wiki"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Onyesha kurasa zilizopo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Makala</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majadiliano:Kostroma&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Mazungumzo kuhusu makala (bado haujaandikwa) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Majadiliano</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Badilisha lahaja ya lugha" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Kiswahili</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Mitazamo"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kostroma"><span>Soma</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&veaction=edit" title="Hariri ukurasa huu na VisualEditor [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Hariri</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit" title="Hariri chanzo msimbo za ukurasa huu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Hariri chanzo</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=history" title="Mapitio ya awali ya ukurasa huu [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Fungua historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Zana</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ficha</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Vitendo </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kostroma"><span>Soma</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&veaction=edit" title="Hariri ukurasa huu na VisualEditor [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Hariri</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit" title="Hariri chanzo msimbo za ukurasa huu [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Hariri chanzo</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=history"><span>Fungua historia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Kijumla </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:VingoViungavyoUkurasahuu/Kostroma" title="Orodha ya kurasa zote za Wiki zilizounganishwa na ukurasa huu [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Viungo viungavyo ukurasa huu</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:RecentChangesLinked/Kostroma" rel="nofollow" title="Mabadiliko ya karibuni ya katika kurasa zilizounganishwa na ukurasa huu [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Mabadiliko husika</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sw" title="Pakia picha, video, au sauti [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Pakia faili</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Maalum:KurasaMaalum" title="Orodha ya kurasa zote maalumu [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Kurasa maalumu</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&oldid=971016" title="Kiungo cha daima cha kufikisha pitio hili la ukurasa"><span>Kiungo cha daima</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Maelezo ya ukurasa</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Taja&page=Kostroma&id=971016&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Taarifa juu ya njia ya kutaja ukurasa huu"><span>Taja ukurasa huu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKostroma"><span>Pata URL iliyofupishwa</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsw.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKostroma"><span>Pakua msimbo wa QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Chapa/peleka nje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kusanya&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Kostroma"><span>Tunga kitabu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maalum:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kostroma&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pakua kama PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&printable=yes" title="Toleo linalochapika la ukurasa huu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Ukurasa wa kuchapika</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Miradi mingine </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2592" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata kifungu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Zana za ukurasa"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Mandhari"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Mandhari</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">hamishia kwenye mwambaa upande</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ficha</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Kutoka Wikipedia, kamusi elezo huru</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sw" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Watchtower_Kostroma.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Watchtower_Kostroma.jpg/220px-Watchtower_Kostroma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Watchtower_Kostroma.jpg/330px-Watchtower_Kostroma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Watchtower_Kostroma.jpg/440px-Watchtower_Kostroma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Kostroma</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Kostroma</b> (<a href="/wiki/Kirusi" title="Kirusi">Kirusi</a>: <b>Кострома</b>) ni <a href="/wiki/Mji" title="Mji">mji</a> wa <a href="/wiki/Urusi" title="Urusi">Urusi</a>. Ina wakazi 281.035. Iko katika mkoa wa <a href="/wiki/Kostroma_Oblast" title="Kostroma Oblast">Kostroma Oblast</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tazama_pia">Tazama pia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Hariri sehemu: Tazama pia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>hariri</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kostroma&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tazama pia"><span>hariri chanzo</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orodha_ya_miji_ya_Urusi" title="Orodha ya miji ya Urusi">Orodha ya miji ya Urusi</a></li></ul> <table style="font-size:90%; width: 65%; padding: 3px; margin: 0 auto;" class="toccolours"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Faili:Flag-map_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag-map_of_Russia.svg/60px-Flag-map_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag-map_of_Russia.svg/90px-Flag-map_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Flag-map_of_Russia.svg/120px-Flag-map_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1039" data-file-height="604" /></a></span> </td> <td>Makala hii kuhusu maeneo ya <a href="/wiki/Urusi" title="Urusi">Urusi</a> bado ni <b>mbegu</b>. <br /> Je unajua kitu kuhusu <b>Kostroma</b> kama historia yake, biashara, taasisi zilizopo, watu au utamaduni? <br />Labda unaona habari katika wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? <br />Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa <a class="external text" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?stub&title=Kostroma&action=edit">kuihariri na kuongeza habari</a><i>.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Miji_ya_Urusi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Kigezo:Miji_ya_Urusi" title="Kigezo:Miji ya Urusi"><span title="Onyesha kizego" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;">v</span></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majadiliano_ya_kigezo:Miji_ya_Urusi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majadiliano ya kigezo:Miji ya Urusi (bado haujaandikwa)"><span title="Majadiliano ya kigezo" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;">d</span></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kigezo:Miji_ya_Urusi&action=edit"><span title="Hariri kigezo" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;;">e</span></a></li></ul></div><div id="Miji_ya_Urusi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Orodha_ya_miji_ya_Urusi" title="Orodha ya miji ya Urusi">Miji ya Urusi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wakazi zaidi ya 1.000.000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_Peterburg" title="Sankt Peterburg">Sankt Peterburg</a></b><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Nizhniy_Novgorod" title="Nizhniy Novgorod">Nizhniy Novgorod</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg">Yekaterinburg</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Omsk" title="Omsk">Omsk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk" title="Chelyabinsk">Chelyabinsk</a></b><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Rostov_juu_ya_Don" title="Rostov juu ya Don">Rostov juu ya Don</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Perm" title="Perm">Perm</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wakazi 500.000-1.000.000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsk" title="Krasnoyarsk">Krasnoyarsk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Tolyatti" title="Tolyatti">Tolyatti</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Barnaul" title="Barnaul">Barnaul</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Irkutsk" title="Irkutsk">Irkutsk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Habarovsk" title="Habarovsk">Habarovsk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Novokuznetsk" title="Novokuznetsk">Novokuznetsk</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Tyumen" title="Tyumen">Tyumen</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Naberezhnye_Chelny" title="Naberezhnye Chelny">Naberezhnye Chelny</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Astrahan" title="Astrahan">Astrahan</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wakazi 250.000-500.000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Tomsk" title="Tomsk">Tomsk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Kemerovo" title="Kemerovo">Kemerovo</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Tula" title="Tula">Tula</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Mahachkala" title="Mahachkala">Mahachkala</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Kirov" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirov">Kirov</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Magnitogorsk" title="Magnitogorsk">Magnitogorsk</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Nizhniy_Tagil" title="Nizhniy Tagil">Nizhniy Tagil</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Ulan-Ude" title="Ulan-Ude">Ulan-Ude</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Arhangelsk" title="Arhangelsk">Arhangelsk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Kurgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurgan">Kurgan</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sochi" title="Sochi">Sochi</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Chita" title="Chita">Chita</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir">Vladimir</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Volzhskiy" title="Volzhskiy">Volzhskiy</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Cherepovets" title="Cherepovets">Cherepovets</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Surgut" title="Surgut">Surgut</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Taganrog" title="Taganrog">Taganrog</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Komsomolsk-na-Amure" title="Komsomolsk-na-Amure">Komsomolsk-na-Amure</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kostroma</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Sterlitamak" title="Sterlitamak">Sterlitamak</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Dzerzhinsk" title="Dzerzhinsk">Dzerzhinsk</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Bratsk" title="Bratsk">Bratsk</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Orsk" title="Orsk">Orsk</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miji mikuu mingine ya maeneo ya Shirikisho la Urusi</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Blagoveshchensk" title="Blagoveshchensk">Blagoveshchensk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Velikiy_Novgorod" title="Velikiy Novgorod">Velikiy Novgorod</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Grozniy" title="Grozniy">Grozniy</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Yakutsk" title="Yakutsk">Yakutsk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy" title="Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy">Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Yuzhno-Sahalinsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuzhno-Sahalinsk">Yuzhno-Sahalinsk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Abakan" title="Abakan">Abakan</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Nazran" title="Nazran">Nazran</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Kyzyl" title="Kyzyl">Kyzyl</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Magadan" title="Magadan">Magadan</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Gorno-Altaysk" title="Gorno-Altaysk">Gorno-Altaysk</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Birobijan" title="Birobijan">Birobijan</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Magas" title="Magas">Magas</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <b><a href="/wiki/Anadyr" title="Anadyr">Anadyr</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Makao_makuu" title="Makao makuu">Makao makuu</a> ya maeneo ya shirikisho yanaonyeshwa na <b>herufi zilizokozwa</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Rudishwa kutoka "<a dir="ltr" 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