CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134aabc0bf1fe01',cH: 'g5QVziLsKyZs0WcFyEyzX9OjQbSUJqflA93BgBlsVvM-1739783664-1.2.1.1-N9xgJBYLnwecNoUkh02Y0gNnjM9msovnXcpN5b3Xo2XRTn_vwTCsmJJHyeT5ZPM.',cUPMDTk: "\/15728\/mla?__cf_chl_tk=Sp9L2W9vTkDLh04CDg8DsT2B1G.UBxPacY80_reA7Iw-1739783664-1.0.1.1-oBKAQA0h9l8yaCWDWryMK58kZh3Sy9MLFQ4cXAl_qFM",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739783664',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/15728\/mla?__cf_chl_f_tk=Sp9L2W9vTkDLh04CDg8DsT2B1G.UBxPacY80_reA7Iw-1739783664-1.0.1.1-oBKAQA0h9l8yaCWDWryMK58kZh3Sy9MLFQ4cXAl_qFM",md: "1fCoc5o3R1NWkPkseZ1zYQ.dyVPqMiFeEz_YwARhzeg-1739783664-1.2.1.1-kfhGWrFyBMJbWZ4FCgRH7LqvtGxVRoOeIy49_hSiV4G15PELwv.jvbrWrReZfPAUBiI2MOIXrgxUFdmtKdjAq9ONNTNOypQLNcn6yB47RrBbMseIHRaiQE3r4PN68QMlft7a5ebqQxu6CMEXsx6YWkORpXVft7xl46qYqzEevgFcLz5y1BCZkjEK6TUfU4LtNhmMyON1NwJNTKxWGMfWpHR4kGGjmhG5380iqzgSBQIOmflw.Zx5RPmtvjSJDLs6F0rVm7Fga3ebtw3aZW2sG0Dq6k_i2h02A1nimDen2fxYZg8s6F.a0bpr8C1u04D75bRVPG_47Ib5cOagp5KhG4eA9uTy6SUn9RKO8ElRP9KZspjK8rh2q8kZo_aMMK8_vxqjVTL0BwV6SUtZA48QsHe1AhpPCvtPPcpj0uGY8ZIrPpr.E7AsHAzC1zXtYf83mw2M8O6EK.3meS5XL8mkvZSafY8blrhqyLpb16.ls68k55p6tUZWFVAXFRbveV_sOHVPI1a.RNbk2ralFKyrjcmwKTPZAdYeW7jcU9.4azcxRPzAFXCFlHQVjsahqhwY7PrkOcepfHaWEG_0HYxhB8RcCKVGL8jdbteOzuAmgPI9frd6SdTXt3cRd_aH2dJaQZngitVpACGdLIN3zeRBNXtd7VD6C_H1JNeaY6IMgBnhw7EjEGfN.t_JFW65c8svVVCuUMtUktJrOtbrVS2OBPSEpk.6GmeFTBDl5vbloIqLzHdflxFJ1tR8U8I4r36nrb_6lT1KxKIdEEXnX0_ZWXPNZaplAZu9voasvZi.3i6vGd1f6SEPwJqmIS6GcyxGbkcs6sQtp6yWnUq07t0wfv3vcN6RMimyitak4y7cQoC.6MBpSP1ELbaK6L395yipnCjC1Nid_Or7FcHWOKGU8tYLE_VKMB8QDjdMg28P7S63tApcDRMfOR8l3TN4QTcOPQAFlQAL6P4wg28sxOcZxWjeNuKliozMcjeVRXM2QRKpNMrkWLKvoBC34dnHVLzRyFIiyOrdN_snKIZAJEmQH.nFSKSxrI3h0CyJHOaTspMuPxrmxvD_RccO9ZD_n4L9QBenVsbQrsuJi4zaJ1QRDg5.WL_QP6st5e9HJKD4rlE82kSDX0wzByRr9rnko_GmBIt2xgT.zQpN8nTcn0M3Pctx83d13S8eSV3ZQLKo7ydkL75KEquzlApVdDIAxUXRnmE3VmRE_XHHMvQZwA5zfivx6oh29M0kqaGx.kC2dovXHMRjArpzpbvw6BfC5O9OFK657NLE4hQHAlnGlQU_KpKl6SvJ0W4gP4Nm091zq.8sL4DnR73rESKCbzOwB2pnNSF1aCBIO.Le73tQFN.PkaxU5Oa03_oOZVRbo9eAk0BmnZhepbSsepLxZzBJO_Q8BZsUEZbPTk1e4GzJ1vliiehqIThEinJgC2WloH.r2zHmKVd1Zv5UQ1XKGe2TgBiK2QwcyEfx1DXu_AhA1Dtrv0AYoPZMEvRlgtJ0otPiPUODjflxT6U7Q7alzgA_VMs7VPac31Q2tXRmV.qn0eXp42RRk0zveWuQMMR.OKxMnI4kim5FtVAMac8LV1WLllPUF1vV_zQvYZW2sEguL9T78YpDLq_I3tM_xmbX5pceRbOZNlGFS_65ksQD4Sh.z_Umk4IIdrhxQoutaG_.x7pnShwQjQr5gId82pYvUKKaT4a0ygnXEFv7A73rU9.G9qYrta_J_5GzI3GIou4yReWyOG4pKC9UvKBR27CjUHlmsjNFUcAm_nNGhoFPzP91xa4ietT3lyScNFcLyNabNgUabtCGzOsxOqb3Js0eDNCaXse.KkzpyHMJtCE2fKwHZrsSRpygl6TvdQdbcnUKg76dzf6CYhnCifDjhQdFkhKDFW8",mdrd: "WaPFlCBy3z82ePB2d_jM3PkWijap95LKw0loA2uiIa0-1739783664-1.2.1.1-fykTuvEgOW__jRYgdpL.evRkQP7b0rGt_tnuzOOp6PGpwHGk8GzEQ9p.bdlSk9G7E_b9JK1WjgR2BkHLQX4otA3od3bLFjyMOs.8QcJ1p.y1e4u7FpLpLWyT5z1w9jH9BgYO6sx3qO0hSGZPFlvXYzikm_8oKRHd5CIBdNcAqBuvu7VgK0PChLIKJdLr0klMvHBozIDL2c3yyCbhsEg85K5ABjmIiy6PphD460BDWA4YLqCcVSpKQzFjPoviSEEgZxfk2Ynk.xOhD0TO6CXHrL6yz57CTdJWjAKD51S.wQCf6Y8GjdDVuIURcys5VDqZfmwqxy.dfYm2QQw7Ueqkh67VoO4LcsFryK.uuzlwBMHMEZno71g28bXTfOmosmdhjIVoIOeUuju7U5vl1BszKGp1OKDtL98nvrZKmJtZd35jO2Jhjbf1Ip._I_41Eh7ltcg5rEXRBTxDAVADgSsVlsfToXTtw4NwtCdz0yHaRzb8RpXJn0qJnAADOQTH8u4Dlou8MaSmdYWp6x99.DKUIXwnMJ6QSEzWBSlr5DCWDPi6Nu5e7vNNakszh9JU1nvSrs_Lsa3H14wEZO69.2YA22ZdSJbW9hMhDKdTyiRbmiNSIYtMAfzRxVm3yIdKhLN6UuFG5A5XYKxBc6GdOV8xeKmG5H86jbcsNjdJkSmmzt4L1PUIx69I4U9TDKdQ85Ihvqk9bBsIA_XUsuidbmaczZ2j91R9Ownv0XFZJ0f3v_FlD6TZQ5SR.Q5iqwGU15whz_cwurJ9PxejrA03S2CcMRrxE2PmVAgFmRRq0rOWhZaA9VpIMwb04fQh0iXXtKJmY.SKXLt4dSscjca6XrWVueK23q9_2Qwpf5EJStBBD7CsojjPl8K1eYwD_SGR7zFZXTMr0t_4_CgUv4c9_Vpxrw1Pzdm5B7qkl6hLMCU8LsQWQU0yBKFmpYMemDaFVR1iCcdwmbw6ZbG0CAWHnleFwjWGyKwXYXb7QCK_0MLDXA32wi.CpLxwX0b6oqqVhHB8DA6I3C94tRJhzLOOuZnSxWzJwzBBU6U7C3_NcNQbHWZNLKsY3bABcDPM0WKsRFgJEtjlq5tQLhiCf09pfi.C3XEwk1fNV_7O6lzJVOy.RPOU8ZGA6E6p8kDO8OQcG106AHcmiRSX7dJYlLS495yyU1QFv7nOf96NCzkFddR8hxHEKtQocgxg5YzywqPM2F8x2835hwr8qB5CrQ7CcMWFMhVtRSevPF_V38hRnXaVQyk8oo.MsUGTzcCxLZpBLEF8BTVxBEL5kIuPn.b_ve1jmHLrPZ2bdte_vCj_EpOfedFCOPpgKMAA7wBXoA3sLLIu6ODAfw3CHWbcsXjvHHPsdJ_D7ki03bvw3yQRdcGSIqN0qCGLJ_Ls2GKDMtExpUXRs.SchbPd939lPiuWklfKwJZB3LeNeNZ0aKBYUayoY6TsyjSN17AnXvXW9.IlIJ_VENzQ1L9TYnmTQwEkNLIEkAfbTeZNlQYDJXotawZXIiT9tAMR4naHMn3sAbVp8gxIW4mzIznQmlkXhwSRWhmHPP.a4K5OHlgA7RDSjcFMNXeLKQdXzuYZHPYnm5c6x6g2CURPSd3D_lmfOnLf0dGfwUrUO_XzDavWIy.bgSFF6.YRI1adqToRy0obF2NB.a2HJjAUTfBikZz8E9nlzmuH2G4KUQXZAEH3NAXj1vQkSCLdAlSrnc17kQBfX0P4dU1YKTLpMve0gOxzPlvZKl.pyEpHaks1QljEnD.sEV7pesG3ai26WD2BunwLpnnlAS1D6Lo3icUCglCry8a6ub5HH0H9wEBLoqCRGj0NI_JDoFhvJV09yDhtxceDKHzp9geCwgJPFvtQDCErRky4hJr3vtQ2WeEdfOAPzz8Z7MD6GKommF45QoEFu7UXbEQO693X3jAVW84KItUio6Zjio6qfRgMm7fR0BV_aX.Q_JMHUWGIsQBu.ViVCj1kF.Lh7XP5"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134aabc0bf1fe01';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/15728\/mla?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Sp9L2W9vTkDLh04CDg8DsT2B1G.UBxPacY80_reA7Iw-1739783664-1.0.1.1-oBKAQA0h9l8yaCWDWryMK58kZh3Sy9MLFQ4cXAl_qFM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>