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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-缘由" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#缘由"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>缘由</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-缘由-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-程序" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#程序"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>程序</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-程序-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-節約能源外的好處" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#節約能源外的好處"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>節約能源外的好處</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-節約能源外的好處-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-反對的觀點" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#反對的觀點"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>反對的觀點</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-反對的觀點-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关反對的觀點子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-反對的觀點-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-其他反對意見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他反對意見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>其他反對意見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他反對意見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-各地夏令時間情形" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各地夏令時間情形"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>各地夏令時間情形</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-各地夏令時間情形-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">夏时制</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。114种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-114" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">114种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somertyd" title="Somertyd – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Somertyd" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horario_de_verano" title="Horario de verano – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Horario de verano" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A" title="توقيت صيفي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توقيت صيفي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%89" title="توقيت صيفى – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توقيت صيفى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="দিবালোক সংৰক্ষণ সময় – 阿萨姆语" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="দিবালোক সংৰক্ষণ সময়" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="阿萨姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horariu_de_branu" title="Horariu de branu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Horariu de branu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Риидалил заман – 阿瓦尔语" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Риидалил заман" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="阿瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yay_vaxt%C4%B1" title="Yay vaxtı – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yay vaxtı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="یای ساعاتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یای ساعاتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="优良条目"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Йәйге ваҡыт – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йәйге ваҡыт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasaras_%C4%8Diesos" title="Vasaras čiesos – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Vasaras čiesos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Летні час – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Летні час" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Летні час – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Летні час" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Лятно часово време – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лятно часово време" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="দিবালোক সংরক্ষণ সময় – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দিবালোক সংরক্ষণ সময়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eur_ha%C3%B1v" title="Eur hañv – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Eur hañv" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljetno_ra%C4%8Dunanje_vremena" title="Ljetno računanje vremena – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ljetno računanje vremena" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horari_d%27estiu" title="Horari d'estiu – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Horari d'estiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="ھاوینەکات – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھاوینەکات" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letn%C3%AD_%C4%8Das" title="Letní čas – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Letní čas" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8_%D0%B2%C4%83%D1%85%C4%83%D1%82" title="Çуллахи вăхăт – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çуллахи вăхăт" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amser_haf" title="Amser haf – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Amser haf" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommertid" title="Sommertid – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sommertid" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommerzeit" title="Sommerzeit – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sommerzeit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeta_amnani" title="Saeta amnani – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Saeta amnani" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B1" title="Θερινή ώρα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θερινή ώρα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Daylight saving time" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somera_tempo" title="Somera tempo – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Somera tempo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horario_de_verano" title="Horario de verano – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Horario de verano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suveaeg" title="Suveaeg – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Suveaeg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udako_ordutegi" title="Udako ordutegi – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Udako ordutegi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ساعت تابستانی – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساعت تابستانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kes%C3%A4aika" title="Kesäaika – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kesäaika" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suv%C3%B5aig" title="Suvõaig – 佛羅文" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Suvõaig" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="佛羅文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summart%C3%AD%C3%B0" title="Summartíð – 法罗语" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Summartíð" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="法罗语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heure_d%27%C3%A9t%C3%A9" title="Heure d'été – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Heure d'été" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somertidj" title="Somertidj – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Somertidj" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simmertiid" title="Simmertiid – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Simmertiid" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am_samhraidh" title="Am samhraidh – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Am samhraidh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horario_de_ver%C3%A1n" title="Horario de verán – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Horario de verán" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arahaku_%C3%A1ra" title="Arahaku ára – 瓜拉尼语" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Arahaku ára" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="瓜拉尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traa_hashtee_hollys_y_laa" title="Traa hashtee hollys y laa – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Traa hashtee hollys y laa" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A5" title="שעון קיץ – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שעון קיץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AF" title="दिवालोक बचत समय – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दिवालोक बचत समय" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljetno_ra%C4%8Dunanje_vremena" title="Ljetno računanje vremena – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ljetno računanje vremena" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ny%C3%A1ri_id%C5%91sz%C3%A1m%C3%ADt%C3%A1s" title="Nyári időszámítás – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nyári időszámítás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Ամառային ժամանակ – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամառային ժամանակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waktu_Musim_Panas" title="Waktu Musim Panas – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Waktu Musim Panas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Daylight saving time" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oras_a_panagin-inut_ti_lawag" title="Oras a panagin-inut ti lawag – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Oras a panagin-inut ti lawag" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumart%C3%ADmi" title="Sumartími – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sumartími" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ora_legale" title="Ora legale – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ora legale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" title="夏時間 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="夏時間" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%93%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="ზაფხულის დრო – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ზაფხულის დრო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/DST" title="DST – 卡拉卡尔帕克语" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="DST" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="卡拉卡尔帕克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimez_n_unebdu" title="Azimez n unebdu – 卡拜尔语" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Azimez n unebdu" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="卡拜尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B7%D2%93%D1%8B_%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Жазғы уақыт – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жазғы уақыт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aasaanerani_nalunaaqqutaq" title="Aasaanerani nalunaaqqutaq – 格陵兰语" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Aasaanerani nalunaaqqutaq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="格陵兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EA%B4%91_%EC%A0%88%EC%95%BD_%EC%8B%9C%EA%B0%84%EC%A0%9C" title="일광 절약 시간제 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일광 절약 시간제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Джай заман – 卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Джай заман" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="卡拉恰伊巴尔卡尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommezick" title="Sommezick – 科隆语" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Sommezick" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="科隆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demjim%C3%AAra_hav%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Demjimêra havînê – 库尔德语" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Demjimêra havînê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%8B_%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Жайкы убакыт – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жайкы убакыт" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempus_aestivum" title="Tempus aestivum – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tempus aestivum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summerz%C3%A4it" title="Summerzäit – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Summerzäit" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zomertied" title="Zomertied – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Zomertied" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99" title="ເວລາປະຢັດແສງກາງເວັນ – 老挝语" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເວລາປະຢັດແສງກາງເວັນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="老挝语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasaros_laikas" title="Vasaros laikas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vasaros laikas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasaras_laiks" title="Vasaras laiks – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vasaras laiks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Кизонь пингсь – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кизонь пингсь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Летно сметање на времето – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Летно сметање на времето" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%87_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%82" title="ഡേ ലൈറ്റ് സേവിംഗ് ടൈം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡേ ലൈറ്റ് സേവിംഗ് ടൈം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B3" title="उन्हाळी प्रमाणवेळ – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="उन्हाळी प्रमाणवेळ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waktu_musim_panas" title="Waktu musim panas – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Waktu musim panas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zomertijd" title="Zomertijd – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zomertijd" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommartid" title="Sommartid – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sommartid" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommertid" title="Sommertid – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sommertid" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ora_d%27estiu" title="Ora d'estiu – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ora d'estiu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%8A_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="ਚਾਨਣ ਬਚਾਊ ਸਮਾਂ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਾਨਣ ਬਚਾਊ ਸਮਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czas_letni" title="Czas letni – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czas letni" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%A4_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7" title="روشنی بچاؤ ویلا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روشنی بچاؤ ویلا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%93%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%AA" title="د اوړي وخت – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د اوړي وخت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hor%C3%A1rio_de_ver%C3%A3o" title="Horário de verão – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Horário de verão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ora_de_var%C4%83" title="Ora de vară – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ora de vară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F" title="Летнее время – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Летнее время" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D2%A5%D2%A5%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D1%8D%D0%BC" title="Сайыҥҥы кэм – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сайыҥҥы кэм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylicht_savin_time" title="Daylicht savin time – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Daylicht savin time" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ljetno_ra%C4%8Dunanje_vremena" title="Ljetno računanje vremena – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ljetno računanje vremena" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Daylight saving time" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letn%C3%BD_%C4%8Das" title="Letný čas – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Letný čas" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poletni_%C4%8Das" title="Poletni čas – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Poletni čas" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time – 索马里语" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Daylight saving time" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="索马里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llogaritja_verore_e_koh%C3%ABs" title="Llogaritja verore e kohës – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Llogaritja verore e kohës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Летње рачунање времена – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Летње рачунање времена" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suumertied" title="Suumertied – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Suumertied" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanci_Usum_Panas" title="Wanci Usum Panas – 巽他语" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Wanci Usum Panas" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="巽他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sommartid" title="Sommartid – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sommartid" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Daylight saving time" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let%C5%84i_czas" title="Letńi czas – 西里西亚语" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Letńi czas" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="西里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பகலொளி சேமிப்பு நேரம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பகலொளி சேமிப்பு நேரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%87" title="เวลาออมแสง – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เวลาออมแสง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Daylight saving time" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="典范条目"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaz_saati_uygulamas%C4%B1" title="Yaz saati uygulaması – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yaz saati uygulaması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Җәйге вакыт – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җәйге вакыт" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Гужем дыр – 乌德穆尔特语" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Гужем дыр" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="乌德穆尔特语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Літній час – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Літній час" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AA" title="گرمائی وقت – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گرمائی وقت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/DST" title="DST – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="DST" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quy_%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_gi%E1%BB%9D_m%C3%B9a_h%C3%A8" title="Quy ước giờ mùa hè – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quy ước giờ mùa hè" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E4%BB%A4%E6%97%B6" title="夏令时 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="夏令时" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AE%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98" title="ზარხულიშ ბორჯი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ზარხულიშ ბორჯი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="זומער זייגער – 意第绪语" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זומער זייגער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="意第绪语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%81-s%C3%AE-kan" title="Hā-sî-kan – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hā-sî-kan" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E4%BB%A4%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" title="夏令時間 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="夏令時間" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36669#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Daylight_saving_time" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36669" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-2e86c7b" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-2e86c7b" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-title" data-noteta-code="zh-hans:夏时制; zh-hk:夏令時間; zh-tw:夏令時間;"></div><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="地名"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:夏时制; zh-hk:夏令時間; zh-tw:夏令時間;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:发达国家; zh-tw:已開發國家; zh-hk:已發展國家; zh-sg:先进国;"></div><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:网络; zh-hk:網絡; zh-tw:網路;"></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DST_Countries_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="世界地圖。歐洲、大部分北美洲、部分南美洲、澳大利亞東南部與少數其他地區實施夏令時間。大部分赤道非洲與其他少數鄰近赤道地區從不實施夏令時間。其餘地區則曾經實施夏令時間。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/DST_Countries_Map.png/390px-DST_Countries_Map.png" decoding="async" width="390" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/DST_Countries_Map.png/585px-DST_Countries_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/DST_Countries_Map.png/780px-DST_Countries_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="4952" data-file-height="2197" /></a><figcaption>各地夏令時間實施情形： <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84565780">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-color-styled{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--border-color-notice,black);color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#1a80e6; color:black;"> </span> 實施夏令時的北半球地區</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#ee690a; color:black;"> </span> 實施夏令時的南半球地區</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#c6c6c6; color:black;"> </span> 曾實施夏令時的地區</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84565780"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#7f7f7f; color:black;"> </span> 未曾實施夏令時的地區</div> </figcaption></figure> <p><b>夏令時間</b>（英國、歐盟與其他地區英語：<span lang="en">Summer Time</span>），又稱<b>夏令时</b>、<b>日光時間</b>（美國、澳洲及加拿大英語：<span lang="en">Daylight Time</span>）、<b>日光節約時間</b>（美國、澳洲及加拿大英語：<span lang="en">Daylight Saving Time</span>，簡稱為DST），是一種在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%AD%A3" title="夏季">夏季</a>月份犧牲正常的日出時間，而將時間調快的做法。使用夏令時間的地區，會在接近春季開始的時候，通常將時間調快60分鐘，並在秋季調回正常時間<sup id="cite_ref-Downing-Prerau_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Downing-Prerau-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由於時間轉換多在晚間或凌晨進行，部分人認為夏令時間會造成在春季转换当日的睡眠時間減少一個小時，而在秋季转换当日則會多出一小時的睡眠時間<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但並非所有地區的夏令時間都是調快60分鐘，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E6%B4%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="澳洲">澳洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%AA%E5%8B%B3%E7%88%B5%E5%B3%B6" title="豪勳爵島">豪勳爵島</a>的時間調整只有30分鐘。 </p><p>1895年，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%E9%80%8A" title="乔治·哈德逊">乔治·哈德逊</a>提出夏令時間的概念<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB-Hudson_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB-Hudson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1916年4月30日，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="德意志帝國">德意志帝國</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="奧匈帝國">奧匈帝國</a>首次在全國實施夏令時間。後來<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%8F%E4%BB%A4%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各地夏令時間列表">許多國家</a>在不同時期都曾實行過夏令時間，其中<a href="/wiki/1970%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" title="1970年代能源危機">1970年代能源危機</a>開始尤為盛行。高緯度及南北極地區因為夏至及冬至的日照變化大，夏令時間較普遍被採用，而鄰近<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%A4%E9%81%93" title="赤道">赤道</a>的地區通常不實施夏令時間，因為這些地區全年的日出時間變化極小，實施夏令時間不會有實際效用。部分國家只在其中部分地區實施夏令時間；例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="澳大利亞">澳大利亞</a>在東南部的州分採用，其他地區則不實施<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。香港、澳門及台灣在<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="二戰">二戰</a>後曾經連續多年採用夏令時間<sup id="cite_ref-space_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-space-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，至1980年停用。中國大陸也曾經在1986年採用，至1992年停用，現時亞洲與非洲地區一般不實施夏令時間。 </p><p>如果轉換時間的準備工作不充分，夏令時間的轉換會讓報時工作變得更加複雜，並且會擾亂旅行、計費、紀錄保存、醫療設備、重機設備<sup id="cite_ref-Neumann_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neumann-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>與睡眠模式的運作<sup id="cite_ref-Lahti_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lahti-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。電腦軟體通常可以自動轉換時間，但各地司法管轄區的夏令時間政策變更仍有可能會造成困擾<sup id="cite_ref-Tong_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tong-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="缘由"><span id=".E7.BC.98.E7.94.B1"></span>缘由</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：缘由"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="工業社會">工業化社會</a>通常會遵循以時間為基礎的日常活動行程；而這些行程在一年當中不會發生變化。例如，每個人工作或就學的開始與結束時間，以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="公共交通">公共交通</a>的調度運作，通常一整年會維持不變。相較之下，<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B2%E6%A5%AD%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" title="農業社會">農業社會</a>的日常作息容易受到白晝時長<sup id="cite_ref-Minnesota_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minnesota-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RoSPA_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RoSPA-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E6%97%A5" title="太阳日">太陽日</a>的影響；其中太陽日會因為<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E8%BB%B8%E5%82%BE%E8%A7%92" title="轉軸傾角">地軸傾斜</a>而產生<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E7%AF%80" class="mw-redirect" title="季節">季節</a>性的變化。熱帶地區以北與以南地帶的夏季白晝時間比冬季長；越遠離熱帶地區，這種差異愈會更加明顯。 </p><p>如果將某個地區的所有時間進行重設，從而比<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" title="標準時間">標準時間</a>提早一小時，這樣遵循年度行程的人們將會比正常情況提早一個小時醒來；他們將會提早一個小時完成日常工作行程，並且在工作活動之後提供額外的一個小時<sup id="cite_ref-Hudson_1895_p734_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hudson_1895_p734-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Prerau-115-118_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prerau-115-118-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。然而，他們在每天開始就會少掉一個小時的日光，如此在冬季實施這項政策就會變得不太實際<sup id="cite_ref-CRS_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRS-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Handwerk_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handwerk-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>雖然日出與日落時間會隨著季節變換而有大致相同的變化，然而夏令時間的支持者認為，大多數人們在一般的「<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%82%E8%A6%8F%E7%AE%A1" title="工時規管">朝九晚五</a>」工作日，比較喜歡延長白晝時間<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Willett100_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willett100-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。支持者也認為夏令時間可以減少照明與暖氣的需求，進而降低<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="能源消耗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="energy consumption"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E6%B6%88%E8%80%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="能源消耗（页面不存在）">能源消耗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/energy_consumption" class="extiw" title="en:energy consumption"><span lang="en" dir="auto">energy consumption</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>；但夏令時間在整體能源利用的實際影響方面，有著非常大的爭議。 </p><p>高緯度地區（如<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="冰島">冰島</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%AA%E7%B4%8D%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="努納福特">努納福特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%A0%AA%E5%9C%B0%E9%82%A3%E7%B6%AD%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="斯堪地那維亞">斯堪地那維亞</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="阿拉斯加">阿拉斯加</a>）的時間操縱對於日常生活而言幾乎沒有影響，因為比起其他緯度，這些地區的日夜時長變化更為極端，因此無論時間如何操縱，日出與日落時間都會明顯異於標準的工作時數<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。夏令時間對於鄰近赤道地區而言也沒有太大用處，因為這些地區的白晝時長，在一整年當中的變動幅度非常微小<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。夏令時間的影響也會因為同<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%82%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="時區">時區</a>內東西地點的距離而有所變化；在同一時區中，最東部的地區會比最西部的地區，更容易獲得夏令時間的益處<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clepsydra-Diagram-Fancy.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="一座水鐘。其中一座小型人像手持指針指向圓柱上代表小時的標記；圓柱透過齒輪連結到由水驅動的漂浮水輪，而水輪也支撐著人像。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Clepsydra-Diagram-Fancy.jpeg/170px-Clepsydra-Diagram-Fancy.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Clepsydra-Diagram-Fancy.jpeg/255px-Clepsydra-Diagram-Fancy.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Clepsydra-Diagram-Fancy.jpeg/340px-Clepsydra-Diagram-Fancy.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>古代<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%90%98" title="水鐘">水鐘</a>會隨著季節變化改變小時的長度</figcaption></figure> <p>古代文明會依據太陽調整日常作息，比起夏令時間而言更加靈活；無論白晝時長如何，他們會將白天切割成12小時，因此每個小時的長度在春夏會逐漸拉長，到了秋冬則會逐漸縮短<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。例如，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羅馬報時系統" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Roman timekeeping"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%A0%B1%E6%99%82%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羅馬報時系統（页面不存在）">羅馬人的報時系統</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_timekeeping" class="extiw" title="en:Roman timekeeping"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Roman timekeeping</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>採用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%90%98" title="水鐘">水鐘</a>，上面會依據一年中的不同月份，有著不同的尺規；依據羅馬地區的緯度，<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E8%87%B3" title="冬至">冬季</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%B3%E9%BB%9E" title="至點">至點</a>的日出後第三小時（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%97%B6%E7%BB%8F" title="三时经">三時經</a>）為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%99%BD%E6%99%82" class="mw-redirect" title="太陽時">太陽時</a>9時2分並持續44分鐘，但在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E8%87%B3" title="夏至">夏至</a>則為6時58分並持續75分鐘<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。從14世紀開始，同等長度的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%91%E7%94%A8%E6%99%82" title="民用時">民用時</a>取代了不等長的小時制度，此時的小時已經不會隨季節改變。不等長的小時制度如今仍用於極少數的傳統場合，例如<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%B4%A2%E6%96%AF%E5%B1%B1" title="阿索斯山">阿索斯山</a>的部分修道院<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>以及所有猶太儀式<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E5%82%91%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E5%AF%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97" class="mw-redirect" title="班傑明·富蘭克林">班傑明·富蘭克林</a>在擔任美國駐法國公使期間（1776年─1785年），曾發表過一句諺語：「早睡早起使人健康、富裕又聰明<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>」，並且在《<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="巴黎雜誌" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Journal de Paris"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E%E9%9B%9C%E8%AA%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="巴黎雜誌（页面不存在）">巴黎雜誌</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_de_Paris" class="extiw" title="en:Journal de Paris"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Journal de Paris</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>》發表一篇文章，建議法國人提早起床享受陽光來節約蠟燭的使用<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。這篇諷刺性的文章發表於1784年，當中提議政府要徵收百葉窗稅，控制蠟燭配給，以及在日出時敲響教堂鐘聲與發射大砲來叫醒民眾<sup id="cite_ref-Franklin_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franklin-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。儘管現今存在常見的誤解：富蘭克林從未提議夏令時間，而且18世紀的歐洲甚至沒有精準的時刻表，但仍不清楚富蘭克林所在時期的鐵路與通訊網絡變化，是否出現將時間予以標準化的需求<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1810年，當時西班牙的國會機構<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="加的斯議會" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Cortes of Cádiz"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8A%A0%E7%9A%84%E6%96%AF%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="加的斯議會（页面不存在）">加的斯議會</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortes_of_C%C3%A1diz" class="extiw" title="en:Cortes of Cádiz"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Cortes of Cádiz</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>，決議從5月1日至9月30日，為因應期間的季節變化，將其會議時間提前1小時，但實際上並未調整時鐘上的時間。他們還確認私有企業得因應白晝變化而改變營業時間，但並無強制力，僅能出於自願<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George-Vernon-Hudson-RSNZ.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="一名留小鬍子的40歲男子模糊大頭照。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/George-Vernon-Hudson-RSNZ.jpeg/170px-George-Vernon-Hudson-RSNZ.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/George-Vernon-Hudson-RSNZ.jpeg/255px-George-Vernon-Hudson-RSNZ.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/George-Vernon-Hudson-RSNZ.jpeg/340px-George-Vernon-Hudson-RSNZ.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1184" data-file-height="1928" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%E9%80%8A" title="乔治·哈德逊">乔治·哈德逊</a>於1895年首次發明並提出夏令時間</figcaption></figure> <p>首次提出現代夏令時間概念的是紐西蘭昆蟲學家<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%E9%80%8A" title="乔治·哈德逊">乔治·哈德逊</a>；他將工作時間提前，因而有閒暇時間去採集昆蟲，並且在工作結束後得到多出一段白晝時間的益處<sup id="cite_ref-DNZB-Hudson_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DNZB-Hudson-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1895年，他向<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%90%E8%A5%BF%E8%98%AD%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%B6%E5%AD%B8%E6%9C%83#地區附屬機構" title="紐西蘭皇家學會">威靈頓哲學學會</a>提出提前2小時的日光節約提案<sup id="cite_ref-Hudson_1895_p734_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hudson_1895_p734-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，這份提案在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E5%9F%8E" title="基督城">基督城</a>引起了高度關注；哈德遜為此在1898年發表了跟進論文<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。眾多出版物將夏令時間的提案歸功於當時傑出的英國建築師與戶外運動者<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威廉·威雷特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="William Willett"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E9%9B%B7%E7%89%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉·威雷特（页面不存在）">威廉·威雷特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Willett" class="extiw" title="en:William Willett"><span lang="en" dir="auto">William Willett</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>，他在1905年的一次早餐前騎馬活動時，發現有許多倫敦民眾在夏日的大多數時間都在睡覺，因而獨自構思出夏令時間的概念<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。威雷特也是一位狂熱的高爾夫球愛好者，而且不喜歡在黃昏時打切擊球<sup id="cite_ref-Prerau-3_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prerau-3-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。他的解決方案就是在夏季月份將時間調快，並在兩年後公布提案<sup id="cite_ref-Willett_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willett-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。當時的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E9%BB%A8_(%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="自由黨 (英國)">自由黨</a>國會議員<span class="ilh-all ilh-blue" data-orig-title="羅伯特·皮爾斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Robert Pearce (British politician)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%9A%AE%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF" title="罗伯特·皮尔斯">羅伯特·皮爾斯</a></span></span>接受了這個提案，並於1908年2月12日向<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%8B%E8%AD%B0%E9%99%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="英國下議院">下議院</a>提出第一個日光節約法案<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。為此下議院指定了一個專門委員會進行審查，但皮爾斯的法案未能通過；在接下來幾年，夏令時間的相關提案也未能獲得通過。威雷特直到1915年逝世為止，仍持續在英國遊說夏令時間的提案。 </p><p>1908年7月1日，加拿大<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亞瑟港 (安大略省)" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Port Arthur, Ontario"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E7%91%9F%E6%B8%AF_(%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%A7%E7%95%A5%E7%9C%81)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="亞瑟港 (安大略省)（页面不存在）">安大略省亞瑟港</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Arthur,_Ontario" class="extiw" title="en:Port Arthur, Ontario"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Port Arthur, Ontario</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（今屬於<a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%91%E5%BE%B7%E8%B4%9D" title="桑德贝">桑德貝</a>）成為世界上第一個實施夏令時間的城市<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；隨後安大略省<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E9%87%8C%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E" title="奧里利亞">奧里利亞</a>於1911年至1912年，由時任市長威廉·史沃德·佛斯特（<span lang="en">William Sword Frost</span>）引入夏令時間<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1916年4月30日，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="德意志帝國">德意志帝國</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第一次世界大戰">第一次世界大戰</a>的同盟國<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8C%88%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="奧匈帝國">奧匈帝國</a>，成為世界上第一組實施夏令時間（<span lang="de">Sommerzeit</span>）的國家，目的是為了能在戰爭期間節約煤炭消耗。隨後英國、大多數<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%94%E7%B4%84%E5%9C%8B" title="協約國">協約國</a>以及其他歐洲中立國也跟進了夏令時間制度。俄羅斯與其他少數國家則是直到次年才開始實施，而美國則是在1918年首度實施。1918年第一次世界大戰結束後數年期間，大多數司法管轄區廢除了夏令時間，但加拿大、英國、法國、愛爾蘭與美國除外；直到<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%A4%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次世界大戰">第二次世界大戰</a>期間，夏令時間的制訂才開始普遍起來。1970年代，由於美洲與歐洲地區受到<a href="/wiki/1970%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F" title="1970年代能源危機">能源危機</a>影響，因而開始廣泛實施夏令時間。從此，世界各地陸續進行制訂、調整或廢除夏令時間<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。更多詳細資訊，請參考<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%8F%E4%BB%A4%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各地夏令時間列表">各地夏令時間列表</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="程序"><span id=".E7.A8.8B.E5.BA.8F"></span>程序</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：程序"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%8F%E4%BB%A4%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各地夏令時間列表">各地夏令時間列表</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r70089473/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Begin_CEST.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="02:00轉換成03:00的時鐘顯示圖像" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Begin_CEST.svg/150px-Begin_CEST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Begin_CEST.svg/225px-Begin_CEST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Begin_CEST.svg/300px-Begin_CEST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">當夏令時間開始時，時鐘將會在開始當日的凌晨時段往後加1小時（也就是跳過1個小時）。</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:End_CEST.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="03:00轉換成02:00的時鐘顯示圖像" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/End_CEST.svg/150px-End_CEST.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/End_CEST.svg/225px-End_CEST.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/End_CEST.svg/300px-End_CEST.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="250" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">當夏令時間結束時，時鐘會在結束當日的凌晨時段往前減1小時（也就是重複1個小時）。具體的時間會因司法管轄區的不同而有所差異。</div></div></div></div></div> <p>一般夏令時間會在週末的午夜時分以後接續進行調快時間的作業，以降低每週工作行程中斷的可能風險<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。通常夏令時間的慣例是調快1小時，但過去曾經也有採用調快20分鐘以及2小時的情形。所有使用夏令時間的國家會在春季將時鐘調快，並在秋季調整回來；在春季調快時鐘會減少實施當日的時長，而在秋季調慢時鐘會增加結束當日的時長。舉例來說，如果在春季的午夜時分調快1小時，以數字顯示的本地時間將會從11:59:59.9跳至01:00:00.0。 </p><p>將時間調快的具體時間點，會因司法管轄區不同而有所差異。<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E8%81%AF%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲聯盟">歐洲聯盟</a>採取統一協調的模式，使所有時區在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E5%8D%94%E8%AA%BF%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" class="mw-redirect" title="世界協調時間">世界協調時間</a>01:00的時候同步將時間調快，也就是會在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="欧洲中部时间">歐洲中部時間</a>02:00，以及<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%9C%E9%83%A8%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="欧洲东部时间">歐洲東部時間</a>03:00的時候執行調整，以讓歐洲各地的時差保持不變<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Myers_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myers-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。北美洲則是在02:00調快時間，但採用的是本地時間而非世界協調時間，因而造成各地時差無法保持一致。舉例來說，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E5%B1%B1%E5%8C%BA%E6%97%B6%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="北美山区时区">北美山區時區</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%97%B6%E5%8C%BA" title="太平洋时区">太平洋時區</a>皆實施調快1小時的夏令時間，但在秋季調整當日的一小段時間，北美山地時區並非比太平洋時區快1小時，而是沒有時差（皆為<a href="/wiki/UTC-7" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-7">UTC-7</a>）；在春季調整當日的一小段時間，北美山地時區（<a href="/wiki/UTC-6" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-6">UTC-6</a>）則是比太平洋時區（<a href="/wiki/UTC-8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-8">UTC-8</a>）快2小時而不是快1小時。 </p><p>至於啟用夏令時間的日期，也會因為地區與年份不同而有所差異，因此各地時差每一年度都會產生變化。舉例來說，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%B8%AD%E9%83%A8%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4" title="欧洲中部时间">歐洲中部時間</a>通常會比<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%9D%B1%E9%83%A8%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" class="mw-redirect" title="北美東部時間">北美東部時間</a>早6小時，但在3月與10月/11月的數週期間會有小幅更動；此外，英國與智利本土的時差在北半球夏季為5小時，南半球夏季時為3小時，每年只有少數幾週為4小時。1996年起，<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E5%A4%8F%E4%BB%A4%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲夏令時間">歐洲夏令時間</a>的實施期間訂為3月的最後一個星期日至10月的最後一個星期日；在此之前歐洲聯盟各國對於夏令時間沒有統一規範<sup id="cite_ref-Myers_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myers-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。2007年起，美國與加拿大多數地區將夏令時間的實施期間訂為3月第二個星期日至11月第一個星期日，幾乎占全年度的3分之2<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外，南北半球實施夏令時間的開始與結束日期大致相反，因為兩半球的春季與秋季相差約6個月。舉例來說，<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="智利時間" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Time in Chile"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9%E6%99%82%E9%96%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="智利時間（页面不存在）">智利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Chile" class="extiw" title="en:Time in Chile"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Time in Chile</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>本土的夏令時間實施期間為10月第2個星期六至3第二個星期六，並於本地時間<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E5%B0%8F%E6%99%82%E5%88%B6" title="二十四小時制">24:00</a>進行轉換<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在部分國家，時間政策由各地管轄區自行制訂，因此會產生一國當中部分地區實施夏令時間，而其他地區不實施的情形；目前澳大利亞、巴西、加拿大、墨西哥與美國就是這種情形<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>夏令時間的實施會因為政治或社會因素而逐年變更。美國在1987年至2006年期間，其日光節約時間的實施期間為4月第一個星期日至10月最後一個星期日；2007年，美國依據<a href="/wiki/2005%E5%B9%B4%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" class="mw-redirect" title="2005年能源政策法案">2005年能源政策法案</a>變更日光節約時間的政策，將結束日期延後至11月；但如果美國政府部門完成能源消耗的研究，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="美國國會">美國國會</a>有權將其調回2005年以前的狀態<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。支持者認為<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E8%81%96%E5%A4%9C" title="萬聖夜">萬聖節</a>是夏令時間政策改變的理由，因為這樣可以在10月31日以前增加額外1小時的日光。過去澳大利亞各州在夏令時間的實施日期與時間上各有不同；舉例，2008年多數州份的夏令時間起始日期為10月5日，但<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="西澳大利亞州">西澳大利亞州</a>為10月26日<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Time-differences-brz-us.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="時間圖，其中橫座標顯示2008年的日期，縱座標顯示巴西東部與美國東部的UTC偏移值。兩地時差為3小時，在巴西東部時間2月17日24:00時兩地相差2小時，接著在美國東部時間3月9日02:00時相差1小時。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Time-differences-brz-us.png/220px-Time-differences-brz-us.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Time-differences-brz-us.png/330px-Time-differences-brz-us.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Time-differences-brz-us.png/440px-Time-differences-brz-us.png 2x" data-file-width="2032" data-file-height="940" /></a><figcaption>2008年第1季，巴西東部與美國東部的時差會因為日期的推移，可能為1小時、2小時或3小時</figcaption></figure> <p>對於<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%E8%83%9E%E8%83%8E" title="雙胞胎">雙胞胎</a>來說，如果雙胞胎在出生的時候遇上夏令時間，則雙胞胎實際上的出生時間和紀錄上的出生時間可能會相反。<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="節約能源外的好處"><span id=".E7.AF.80.E7.B4.84.E8.83.BD.E6.BA.90.E5.A4.96.E7.9A.84.E5.A5.BD.E8.99.95"></span>節約能源外的好處</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：節約能源外的好處"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>夏令時間能给患有<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9C%E7%9B%B2%E7%97%87" title="夜盲症">夜盲症</a>的人带来方便。另外，不少零售商对夏令時間持肯定态度。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">美国的糖果商院集团已经游说<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A" title="美国国会">美国国会</a>将夏令時間延长到11月，因为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E5%9C%A3%E5%A4%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="万圣夜">萬聖節</a>是糖果销售最旺的季节，而家长们不希望孩子们在天黑以后还在外面游逛。</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>然而，这种增加的傍晚活动目的仅仅是商人为了赚钱，还额外增加了能源消耗，而非节省能源。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="反對的觀點"><span id=".E5.8F.8D.E5.B0.8D.E7.9A.84.E8.A7.80.E9.BB.9E"></span>反對的觀點</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：反對的觀點"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>夏令時間让俄罗斯每年能够节约20亿<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%8F%E6%97%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="千瓦小时">千瓦小时</a>的电量，但这数字只相当于两三个<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%8A%9B%E5%8F%91%E7%94%B5%E5%8E%82" class="mw-redirect" title="火力发电厂">火力发电厂</a>的发电量，该制度也使法国用于照明的能源消耗减少4%。有人认为夏令時間在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8%E4%B8%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="旅游业">旅游业</a>和能源消耗上获利不明显，还扰乱人民的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E6%99%82%E9%90%98" class="mw-redirect" title="生理時鐘">生理時鐘</a>，违反正常的生理节奏。 </p><p>另有學者指出，夏令時間節省因照明所消耗的能源，在空調不發達的時代或許確實減少整體的能源消耗。但自從20世紀下半起，在大多數實行夏令時間的國家裡（大多位於<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B8%B6%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" class="mw-redirect" title="溫帶地區">溫帶地區</a>，多屬于<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B2%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" title="已開發國家">已開發國家</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="開發中國家">開發中國家</a>），空調系統已經相當普及。夏令時間使得炎熱的下午延長一個小時，導致大眾須多使用一個小時的空調系統，因為空調所需的電力為燈光的數十倍，整體國家所消耗的能源其實不減反增。這在數十年前空調不普及的時代是無法預期的問題，因此夏令時間在21世紀的環境下到底有無節省能源的功用仍需更多的研究與統計資料來評估利弊。<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>多數實施夏令時間的國家有完善的工作制度，多數員工沒有固定的上下班時間，因此在沒有夏令時間的狀態下，也不會影響作息。 </p><p>比起全国范围调时间，让各个单位灵活调整上下班时间的方式更加方便可行，各行各业可根据自身情况灵活调整，许多行业在炎热的夏季会推迟下午上班时间，有利民众身心健康，例如中国大陆部分企事业单位和政府机关实行夏季下午工作开始和结束时间均延后半个小时到一个小时<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而夏令时反倒扰乱了人体正常的<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E6%99%82%E9%90%98" class="mw-redirect" title="生理時鐘">生理时钟</a>，反而得不偿失。没有夏令时，铁路、航班、会议等就不存在转换日期当天造成的麻烦，方便民众。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他反對意見"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E5.8F.8D.E5.B0.8D.E6.84.8F.E8.A6.8B"></span>其他反對意見</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：其他反對意見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>由于夏令时，人们被迫调整睡眠时间，被认为增加了诱发心脏病的几率；打乱的睡眠时间更加重了抑郁的可能；延长的光照增加了皮肤癌的機率；婴儿和幼童无法像成年人那样去适应1个小时的睡眠调整。</li> <li>由于夏令时是为了强迫人们早起，所以人们认为其本质是忽略和压榨劳动力，把夏令时戲稱为日光奴役時間（daylight SLAVING time）。</li> <li>农业上，谷物生长和牲畜牧养并不能根据时钟的调节而自动发生改变。牛奶工挤奶的时间，谷物在露水蒸发后被收割，这些跟着太阳时间安排的作息，并不能被夏令时改变。</li> <li>对低<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AC%E5%BA%A6" title="纬度">纬度</a>地区，夏令時作用不大。尤其这些地方在夏天十分湿热，夜晚降临时闷热无法入眠，而清晨正是睡眠的好时间。夏天炎热，民众普遍晚睡，夏令时会导致睡眠时间缩短，导致民众上班上学无精打采，影响工作效率，反而造成更大浪费。</li> <li>当夏令時間开始和结束时，人们必须将所有计时仪器调快或调慢。尽管现在许多鐘錶與电子仪器（例如<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%84%91" class="mw-redirect" title="电脑">电脑</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E5%9E%8B%E6%89%8B%E6%A9%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="智慧型手機">智慧型手機</a>等）已经以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%A1%E6%99%82%E9%9B%BB%E6%B3%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="校時電波（页面不存在）">校時電波</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%B2%E7%B5%A1%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E5%8D%94%E8%AD%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="網絡時間協議">網絡時間協議</a>（NTP）等方式实现自动调整时间，但是其它机械仪器仍需要人工调节。</li> <li>当夏令时开始时，会凭空“消失”几小时，因此，对于计时启动和停止的机器，如果不注意这点，会导致实际经过的时间还没达到预设时间，就发生启动或停止现象。例如：本来必须运作5小时的仪器，遇到拨快2个小时的夏令时，可能运作3小时就自动停机了；而本来5小时后才自动启动的仪器，遇到拨快2小时的夏令时，可能提前2小时就启动了。类似的，夏令时结束时，某些时间会在当天出现两次，也容易构成混乱。因此，夏令时开始或结束时，若不注意，则会在交通、生产、医疗、科研、会议安排等领域造成问题。</li> <li>夏令時間违背设定<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E5%8C%BA" title="时区">时区</a>的原意──尽量使中午贴近太阳<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%A9_(%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8)" title="中天 (天文學)">上中天</a>的时间<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</li> <li>对于日光充足的地区（如得克萨斯、加利福尼亚），夏时制导致办公场所内空调的使用量上升，反而构成电力浪费。</li> <li>由于傍晚时间延长，人们在下班之后参加户外运动、购物、或是进行各种娱乐项目，这些事情所消耗的能源、包括驾车燃烧的汽油、室内冷气供应等，使实行夏令时在实际上增加而并非减少了能源的消费。与其宣扬的节能不符。现今宣扬夏令时的人主要都是商业、旅游业，因为夏令时延长了人们下班後街上闲逛的时间，这样可以增加他们的收入。</li> <li>夏季下午炎热，夏令时导致下班时间提前，有人认为，过早下班在路上会太晒。</li> <li>高<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AC%E5%BA%A6" title="纬度">纬度</a>地区由于夏季太阳升起时间明显比冬季早，夏令時間确实起到节省照明时间的作用。这个观点认为人们是看点开灯，但实际上多数人是根据阳光照明的变化来开关灯的，夏季太阳早出现早上就不开灯，夏季太阳晚落山就晚开灯，冬季太阳晚升起就早开灯，冬季太阳早落山就早开灯。人们睡觉的时候基本上不会开灯，所以节省照明一事实际上存疑。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="各地夏令時間情形"><span id=".E5.90.84.E5.9C.B0.E5.A4.8F.E4.BB.A4.E6.99.82.E9.96.93.E6.83.85.E5.BD.A2"></span>各地夏令時間情形</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：各地夏令時間情形"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%84%E5%9C%B0%E5%A4%8F%E4%BB%A4%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="各地夏令時間列表">各地夏令時間列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E6%B4%B2%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%8F%E4%BB%A4%E6%99%82%E9%96%93" class="mw-redirect" title="歐洲的夏令時間">歐洲的夏令時間</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Downing-Prerau-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Downing-Prerau_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">夏令時間的實踐與爭議： <ul><li><cite id="Spring-Forward" class="citation book">Michael Downing. Spring Forward: The Annual Madness of Daylight Saving Time. Shoemaker & Hoard. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-59376-053-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-59376-053-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-59376-053-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.au=Michael+Downing&rft.btitle=Spring+Forward%3A+The+Annual+Madness+of+Daylight+Saving+Time&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-59376-053-3&rft.pub=Shoemaker+%26+Hoard&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite id="Seize" class="citation book">David Prerau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/seizedaylightcur0000prer_g8f7">Seize the Daylight: The Curious and Contentious Story of Daylight Saving Time</a>. Thunder's Mouth Press. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-56025-655-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-56025-655-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-56025-655-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.au=David+Prerau&rft.btitle=Seize+the+Daylight%3A+The+Curious+and+Contentious+Story+of+Daylight+Saving+Time&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-56025-655-7&rft.pub=Thunder%27s+Mouth+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fseizedaylightcur0000prer_g8f7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> 聚焦於英國的版本則為：<cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/savingdaylightwh0000prer">Saving the Daylight: Why We Put the Clocks Forward</a>. Granta Books. 2005. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-86207-796-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-86207-796-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-86207-796-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.btitle=Saving+the+Daylight%3A+Why+We+Put+the+Clocks+Forward&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-86207-796-6&rft.pub=Granta+Books&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsavingdaylightwh0000prer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/daylight-saving-time-fall-back-doesnt-equal-sleep-gain-201311016836">Daylight Saving Time "fall back" doesn't equal sleep gain</a>. Harvard Health Publishing. Harvard Health Publishing. November 2013 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-14</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181014165201/https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/daylight-saving-time-fall-back-doesnt-equal-sleep-gain-201311016836">存档</a>于2018-10-14）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=Daylight+Saving+Time+%22fall+back%22+doesn%27t+equal+sleep+gain&rft.date=2013-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Health+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.health.harvard.edu%2Fblog%2Fdaylight-saving-time-fall-back-doesnt-equal-sleep-gain-201311016836&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medicalwesthospital.org/daylight-savings-time.php">Adjusting to Daylight Savings Time</a>. www.medicalwesthospital.org. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-02-03</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190204014318/http://www.medicalwesthospital.org/daylight-savings-time.php">存档</a>于2019-02-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=Adjusting+to+Daylight+Savings+Time&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.medicalwesthospital.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalwesthospital.org%2Fdaylight-savings-time.php&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DNZB-Hudson-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB-Hudson_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DNZB-Hudson_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Gibbs, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/3H42">Hudson, George Vernon</a>. Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2015-03-22</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=Hudson%2C+George+Vernon&rft.aufirst=George&rft.aulast=Gibbs&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+New+Zealand+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fbiographies%2F3H42&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html">Decretos sobre o Horário de Verão no Brasil</a>. 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BMC Physiology. 2008, <b>8</b>: 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1472-6793"><span title="国际标准连续出版物号">ISSN 1472-6793</span></a>. <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2259373"><span title="公共医学中心">PMC 2259373</span></a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="可免费查阅"><img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18269740"><span title="公共医学识别码">PMID 18269740</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1472-6793-8-3"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1186/1472-6793-8-3</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=Transitions+into+and+out+of+daylight+saving+time+compromise+sleep+and+the+rest%E2%80%93activity+cycles&rft.au=Jouko+L%C3%B6nnqvist&rft.au=Sami+Lepp%C3%A4m%C3%A4ki&rft.au=Timo+Partonen&rft.au=Tuuli+A.+Lahti&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=1472-6793&rft.jtitle=BMC+Physiology&rft.pages=3&rft.volume=8&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2259373&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2259373&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1472-6793-8-3&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18269740&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tong-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tong_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Stephen Tong; Joseph Williams. 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IT Professional. 2007, <b>9</b> (1): 36–41. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FMITP.2007.2"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1109/MITP.2007.2</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=Are+you+prepared+for+daylight+saving+time+in+2007%3F&rft.au=Joseph+Williams&rft.au=Stephen+Tong&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=IT+Professional&rft.pages=36-41&rft.volume=9&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FMITP.2007.2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minnesota-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Minnesota_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.house.leg.state.mn.us/hinfo/swkly/1995-96/select/time.txt">Daylight savings time</a>. 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Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895, <b>28</b>: 734 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-03-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330083629/http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html">存档</a>于2019-03-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=On+seasonal+time-adjustment+in+countries+south+of+lat.+30%C2%B0&rft.au=G.+V.+Hudson&rft.date=1895&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+and+Proceedings+of+the+New+Zealand+Institute&rft.pages=734&rft.volume=28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frsnz.natlib.govt.nz%2Fvolume%2Frsnz_28%2Frsnz_28_00_006110.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prerau-115-118-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Prerau-115-118_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="#Seize">Seize the Daylight</a>. : 115–118.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.btitle=Seize+the+Daylight&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=115-118&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRS-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CRS_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Mark Gurevitz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140831225402/https://opencrs.com/document/RS22284/">Daylight saving time</a>. Order Code RS22284. Congressional Research Service. 2007-03-07. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opencrs.com/document/RS22284/">原始内容</a>存档于2014-08-31）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=Daylight+saving+time&rft.au=Mark+Gurevitz&rft.date=2007-03-07&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopencrs.com%2Fdocument%2FRS22284%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Handwerk-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Handwerk_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Handwerk, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/travelnews/2011/11/111104-daylight-saving-time-science-travel/">Permanent Daylight Saving Time? Might Boost Tourism, Efficiency</a>. National Geographic. 2011-11-06 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2012-01-05</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190409104629/https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/travelnews/2011/11/111104-daylight-saving-time-science-travel/">存档</a>于2019-04-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.aulast=Handwerk&rft.btitle=Permanent+Daylight+Saving+Time%3F+Might+Boost+Tourism%2C+Efficiency&rft.date=2011-11-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Geographic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2Ftravelnews%2F2011%2F11%2F111104-daylight-saving-time-science-travel%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Mikkelson, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snopes.com/science/daylight.asp">Daylight Saving Time</a>. Snopes. 2016-03-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-10-17</span>]</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=Daylight+Saving+Time&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Mikkelson&rft.date=2016-03-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Snopes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snopes.com%2Fscience%2Fdaylight.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Willett100-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Willett100_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141228021630/http://www.nmm.ac.uk/explore/astronomy-and-time/time-facts/british-summer-time">100 years of British Summer Time</a>. National Maritime Museum. 2008. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nmm.ac.uk/explore/astronomy-and-time/time-facts/british-summer-time/">原始内容</a>存档于2014-12-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.btitle=100+years+of+British+Summer+Time&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=National+Maritime+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nmm.ac.uk%2Fexplore%2Fastronomy-and-time%2Ftime-facts%2Fbritish-summer-time%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102172846/http://peninsulaclarion.com/stories/031702/leg_031702ala0060001.shtml">Bill would do away with daylight savings time in Alaska</a>. Peninsula Clarion. 2002-03-17 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-01-05</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peninsulaclarion.com/stories/031702/leg_031702ala0060001.shtml">原始内容</a>存档于2013-11-02）. <q>Because of our high latitudinal location, the extremities in times for sunrise and sunset are more exaggerated for Alaska than anywhere else in the country," Lancaster said. "This makes Alaska less affected by savings from daylight-saving time.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=Bill+would+do+away+with+daylight+savings+time+in+Alaska&rft.date=2002-03-17&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Peninsula+Clarion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeninsulaclarion.com%2Fstories%2F031702%2Fleg_031702ala0060001.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Rosenberg, Matt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.about.com/cs/daylightsavings/a/dst.htm">Daylight Saving Time (Also Known as Daylight Savings Time)</a>. About. 2016 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-10-17</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161121020859/http://geography.about.com/cs/daylightsavings/a/dst.htm">存档</a>于2016-11-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.btitle=Daylight+Saving+Time+%28Also+Known+as+Daylight+Savings+Time%29&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=About&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography.about.com%2Fcs%2Fdaylightsavings%2Fa%2Fdst.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Swanson, Anna. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/03/11/why-daylight-saving-time-isnt-as-terrible-as-people-think/">Why daylight saving time isn't as terrible as people think</a>. The Washington Post. 2016-03-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-03-27</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180311200341/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/03/11/why-daylight-saving-time-isnt-as-terrible-as-people-think/">存档</a>于2018-03-11）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=Why+daylight+saving+time+isn%27t+as+terrible+as+people+think&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.aulast=Swanson&rft.date=2016-03-11&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fwonk%2Fwp%2F2016%2F03%2F11%2Fwhy-daylight-saving-time-isnt-as-terrible-as-people-think%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Berthold. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_classical-journal_1918-03_13_6/page/450">Daylight saving in ancient Rome</a>. The Classical Journal. 1918, <b>13</b> (6): 450–451.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=Daylight+saving+in+ancient+Rome&rft.au=Berthold&rft.date=1918&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=The+Classical+Journal&rft.pages=450-451&rft.volume=13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_classical-journal_1918-03_13_6%2Fpage%2F450&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Carcopino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jérôme Carcopino（页面不存在）">Jérôme Carcopino</a>. The days and hours of the Roman calendar. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dailylifeinancie00carc_0">Daily Life in Ancient Rome: The People and the City at the Height of the Empire</a>. Yale University Press. 1968. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-300-00031-3" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-300-00031-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-300-00031-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=The+days+and+hours+of+the+Roman+calendar&rft.au=J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me+Carcopino&rft.btitle=Daily+Life+in+Ancient+Rome%3A+The+People+and+the+City+at+the+Height+of+the+Empire&rft.date=1968&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-0-300-00031-3&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdailylifeinancie00carc_0&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7D%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E6%99%AE%E5%85%B0" title="罗伯特·D·卡普兰">Robert Kaplan</a>. The holy mountain. The Atlantic. 2003, <b>292</b> (5): 138–141.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=The+holy+mountain&rft.au=Robert+Kaplan&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.pages=138-141&rft.volume=292&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hertzel Hillel Yitzhak. When to recite the blessing. Tzel HeHarim: Tzitzit. Nanuet, NY: Feldheim. 2006: 53–58. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-58330-292-7" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-58330-292-7"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-1-58330-292-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=When+to+recite+the+blessing&rft.au=Hertzel+Hillel+Yitzhak&rft.btitle=Tzel+HeHarim%3A+Tzitzit&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=978-1-58330-292-7&rft.pages=53-58&rft.place=Nanuet%2C+NY&rft.pub=Feldheim&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Manser, Martin H. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fgaUQc8NbTYC&pg=PA70">The Facts on File dictionary of proverbs</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Infobase_Publishing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infobase Publishing（页面不存在）">Infobase Publishing</a>. 2007: 70 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-10-26</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780816066735" title="Special:网络书源/9780816066735"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780816066735</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904045548/https://books.google.com/books?id=fgaUQc8NbTYC&pg=PA70">存档</a>于2015-09-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.aufirst=Martin+H.&rft.aulast=Manser&rft.btitle=The+Facts+on+File+dictionary+of+proverbs&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780816066735&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Infobase+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfgaUQc8NbTYC%26pg%3DPA70&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Benjamin Franklin; William Temple Franklin; William Duane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EYiyAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA477">Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin</a>. McCarty & Davis. 1834: 477 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-10-20</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170201213811/https://books.google.com/books?id=EYiyAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA477">存档</a>于2017-02-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.au=Benjamin+Franklin&rft.au=William+Duane&rft.au=William+Temple+Franklin&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+Benjamin+Franklin&rft.date=1834&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=477&rft.pub=McCarty+%26+Davis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEYiyAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA477&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Seymour Stanton Block. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historynet.com/benjamin-franklin-americas-inventor.htm">Benjamin Franklin: America's inventor</a>. American History. 2006 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-03-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190329120837/https://www.historynet.com/benjamin-franklin-americas-inventor.htm">存档</a>于2019-03-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=Benjamin+Franklin%3A+America%27s+inventor&rft.au=Seymour+Stanton+Block&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historynet.com%2Fbenjamin-franklin-americas-inventor.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franklin-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Franklin_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Benjamin Franklin, writing anonymously. Aux auteurs du Journal. Journal de Paris. 1784-04-26, (117): 511–513 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到法语网页">（法语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=Aux+auteurs+du+Journal&rft.au=Benjamin+Franklin%2C+writing+anonymously&rft.date=1784-04-26&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=117&rft.jtitle=Journal+de+Paris&rft.pages=511-513&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> 該文首次出版時，其相關內容位於當中的「經濟（Économie）」章節並翻譯成法文；其<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/franklin3.html">英文修訂版</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171115130303/http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/franklin3.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） [2009年2月13日存取] 通常被稱為「一份經濟提案（An Economical Project）」，然而這並非富蘭克林的原始標題；參見<cite class="citation journal">A.O. Aldridge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_american-literature_1956-03_28_1/page/23">Franklin's essay on daylight saving</a>. American Literature. 1956, <b>28</b> (1): 23–29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2922719"><span title="JSTOR">JSTOR 2922719</span></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2922719"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.2307/2922719</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=Franklin%27s+essay+on+daylight+saving&rft.au=A.O.+Aldridge&rft.date=1956&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=American+Literature&rft.pages=23-29&rft.volume=28&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2922719&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_american-literature_1956-03_28_1%2Fpage%2F23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2922719&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eviatar_Zerubavel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eviatar Zerubavel（页面不存在）">Eviatar Zerubavel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-sociology_1982-07_88_1/page/1">The standardization of time: a sociohistorical perspective</a>. The American Journal of Sociology. 1982, <b>88</b> (1): 1–23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F227631"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1086/227631</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=The+standardization+of+time%3A+a+sociohistorical+perspective&rft.au=Eviatar+Zerubavel&rft.date=1982&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Sociology&rft.pages=1-23&rft.volume=88&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_american-journal-of-sociology_1982-07_88_1%2Fpage%2F1&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F227631&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Luxan, Manuel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180905065227/http://www.congreso.es/docu/blog/reglamento_cortes_1810.pdf">Reglamento para el gobierno interior de las Cortes</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Congreso_de_los_Diputados&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Congreso de los Diputados（页面不存在）">Congreso de los Diputados</a>. 1810 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-09-04</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.congreso.es/docu/blog/reglamento_cortes_1810.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2018-09-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rft.aulast=Luxan&rft.btitle=Reglamento+para+el+gobierno+interior+de+las+Cortes&rft.date=1810&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.congreso.es%2Fdocu%2Fblog%2Freglamento_cortes_1810.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Martín Olalla, José María. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmundo.es/opinion/2018/09/03/5b8bd39046163f9c628b462e.html">La gestión de la estacionalidad</a>. <a href="/wiki/El_Mundo_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="El Mundo (Spain)">El Mundo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unidad_Editorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Unidad Editorial">Unidad Editorial</a>). 2018-09-03 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-09-04</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180904101703/http://www.elmundo.es/opinion/2018/09/03/5b8bd39046163f9c628b462e.html">存档</a>于2018-09-04） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到西班牙语网页">（西班牙语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=La+gesti%C3%B3n+de+la+estacionalidad&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADn+Olalla&rft.date=2018-09-03&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Mundo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmundo.es%2Fopinion%2F2018%2F09%2F03%2F5b8bd39046163f9c628b462e.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">G. V. Hudson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_31/rsnz_31_00_008570.html">On seasonal time</a>. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1898, <b>31</b>: 577–588 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-03-29</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100523181524/http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_31/rsnz_31_00_008570.html">存档</a>于2010-05-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=On+seasonal+time&rft.au=G.+V.+Hudson&rft.date=1898&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transactions+and+Proceedings+of+the+New+Zealand+Institute&rft.pages=577-588&rft.volume=31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frsnz.natlib.govt.nz%2Fvolume%2Frsnz_31%2Frsnz_31_00_008570.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">New Zealand time. New Zealand Geographer. 1948, <b>4</b> (1): 104. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1745-7939.1948.tb01515.x"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1111/j.1745-7939.1948.tb01515.x</span></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=New+Zealand+time&rft.date=1948&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Geographer&rft.pages=104&rft.volume=4&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1745-7939.1948.tb01515.x&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prerau-3-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Prerau-3_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="#Seize">Seize the Daylight</a>. : 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.btitle=Seize+the+Daylight&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Willett-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Willett_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Willett pamphlet: <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Willett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Willett（页面不存在）">William Willett</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330085246/http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/willett.html">The waste of daylight</a> 1st. 1907 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-03-29</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/willett.html">原始内容</a>存档于2019-03-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.au=William+Willett&rft.btitle=The+waste+of+daylight&rft.date=1907&rft.edition=1st&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webexhibits.org%2Fdaylightsaving%2Fwillett.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1908/feb/12/daylight-saving-bill#S4V0184P0_19080212_HOC_254">Daylight Saving Bill</a>. <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="议事录" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hansard"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%AE%E4%BA%8B%E5%BD%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="议事录（页面不存在）">国会议事记录</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hansard" class="extiw" title="en:Hansard"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hansard</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>. House of Commons. 1908-02-12. 第155–156卷.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=Daylight+Saving+Bill&rft.btitle=%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-all+%22+data-orig-title%3D%22%E8%AE%AE%E4%BA%8B%E5%BD%95%22+data-lang-code%3D%22en%22+data-lang-name%3D%22%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%22+data-foreign-title%3D%22Hansard%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-page%22%3E%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E4%BA%8B%E8%AE%B0%E5%BD%95%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22noprint+ilh-comment%22%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-paren%22%3E%EF%BC%88%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-lang%22%3E%E8%8B%B1%E8%AF%AD%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-colon%22%3E%EF%BC%9A%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-link%22%3E-%7B%3Cspan+lang%3D%22en%22+dir%3D%22auto%22%3EHansard%3C%2Fspan%3E%7D-%3C%2Fspan%3E%3Cspan+class%3D%22ilh-paren%22%3E%EF%BC%89%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E&rft.date=1908-02-12&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.pages=%E7%AC%AC155-156%E5%8D%B7&rft.pub=House+of+Commons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhansard.millbanksystems.com%2Fcommons%2F1908%2Ffeb%2F12%2Fdaylight-saving-bill%23S4V0184P0_19080212_HOC_254&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20171020070720/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1908/feb/12/daylight-saving-bill#S4V0184P0_19080212_HOC_254">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171020070720/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1908/feb/12/daylight-saving-bill">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-03-29</span>]</span>. 原始内容存档于2017-10-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhansard.millbanksystems.com%2Fcommons%2F1908%2Ffeb%2F12%2Fdaylight-saving-bill&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.northernontario.travel/thunder-bay/the-thunder-bay-connection-to-daylight-savings-time">Time to change your clocks – but why?</a>. Northern Ontario Travel. 2018-03-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181010011523/https://www.northernontario.travel/thunder-bay/the-thunder-bay-connection-to-daylight-savings-time">存档</a>于2018-10-10） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=Time+to+change+your+clocks+%E2%80%93+but+why%3F&rft.date=2018-03-08&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northern+Ontario+Travel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.northernontario.travel%2Fthunder-bay%2Fthe-thunder-bay-connection-to-daylight-savings-time&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timeanddate.com/time/dst/">Daylight Saving Time</a>, <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-10-08</span>]</span>, （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181009153519/https://www.timeanddate.com/time/dst/">存档</a>于2018-10-09）</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.btitle=Daylight+Saving+Time&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timeanddate.com%2Ftime%2Fdst%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Moro, Teviah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160826093846/http://www.orilliapacket.com/2009/07/16/faded-memories-for-sale">Faded Memories for Sale</a>. Orillia Packet and Times. Orillia, Ontario. 2009-07-16 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-10-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orilliapacket.com/2009/07/16/faded-memories-for-sale">原始内容</a>存档于2016-08-26）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=Faded+Memories+for+Sale&rft.aufirst=Teviah&rft.aulast=Moro&rft.date=2009-07-16&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Orillia+Packet+and+Times&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orilliapacket.com%2F2009%2F07%2F16%2Ffaded-memories-for-sale&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">参数<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|newspaper=</code>与模板<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">{{cite web}}</code>不匹配（建议改用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">{{cite news}}</code>或<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|website=</code>） (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#periodical" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="#Seize">Seize the Daylight</a>. : 51–89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.btitle=Seize+the+Daylight&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=51-89&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090503074945/http://www.lordhoweisland.info/important-info.htm">Information for visitors</a>. Lord Howe Island Tourism Association. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-04-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lordhoweisland.info/important-info.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2009-05-03）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.btitle=Information+for+visitors&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Lord+Howe+Island+Tourism+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lordhoweisland.info%2Fimportant-info.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">National Physical Laboratory. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161011093001/http://www.npl.co.uk/reference/faqs/at-what-time-should-clocks-go-forward-or-back-for-summer-time-faq-time">At what time should clocks go forward or back for summer time (FAQ – Time)</a>. 2016-03-31 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-10-17</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npl.co.uk/reference/faqs/at-what-time-should-clocks-go-forward-or-back-for-summer-time-faq-time">原始内容</a>存档于2016-10-11）. <q>The time at which summer time begins and ends is given in the relevant EU Directive and UK Statutory Instrument as 1 am. Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) ... All time signals are based on Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which can be almost one second ahead of, or behind, GMT so there is a brief period in the UK when the directive is not being strictly followed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.au=National+Physical+Laboratory&rft.btitle=At+what+time+should+clocks+go+forward+or+back+for+summer+time+%28FAQ+%E2%80%93+Time%29&rft.date=2016-03-31&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npl.co.uk%2Freference%2Ffaqs%2Fat-what-time-should-clocks-go-forward-or-back-for-summer-time-faq-time&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Myers-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Myers_43-0"><sup><b>43.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Myers_43-1"><sup><b>43.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Joseph Myers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jsm28.user.srcf.net/british-time/">History of legal time in Britain</a>. July 17, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.au=Joseph+Myers&rft.btitle=History+of+legal+time+in+Britain&rft.date=2009-07-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjsm28.user.srcf.net%2Fbritish-time%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Tom Baldwin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/us-gets-summertime-blues-as-the-clocks-go-forward-3-weeks-early-d5rjglj28bx">US gets summertime blues as the clocks go forward 3 weeks early</a>. The Times (London). 2007-03-12 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402042747/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/us-gets-summertime-blues-as-the-clocks-go-forward-3-weeks-early-d5rjglj28bx">存档</a>于2019-04-02）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=US+gets+summertime+blues+as+the+clocks+go+forward+3+weeks+early&rft.au=Tom+Baldwin&rft.date=2007-03-12&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fus-gets-summertime-blues-as-the-clocks-go-forward-3-weeks-early-d5rjglj28bx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.horaoficial.cl/historia_hora.html">Historia de la hora oficial de Chile</a>. Chilean Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service. 2008-10-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402042725/http://www.horaoficial.cl/historia_hora.html">存档</a>于2019-04-02） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到西班牙语网页">（西班牙语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.btitle=Historia+de+la+hora+oficial+de+Chile&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Chilean+Hydrographic+and+Oceanographic+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.horaoficial.cl%2Fhistoria_hora.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="#Seize">Seize the Daylight</a>. : 179–180.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.btitle=Seize+the+Daylight&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=179-180&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/03/09/arizona-no-daylight-saving-time/98964644/">Why Arizona doesn't observe daylight-saving time</a>. usatoday.com. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330084430/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/03/09/arizona-no-daylight-saving-time/98964644/">存档</a>于2019-03-30）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.atitle=Why+Arizona+doesn%27t+observe+daylight-saving+time&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=usatoday.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation-now%2F2017%2F03%2F09%2Farizona-no-daylight-saving-time%2F98964644%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ058.109">Energy Policy Act of 2005, Public Law 109-58 § 110</a>. 2005-08-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090716041640/http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=109_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ058.109">存档</a>于2009-07-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.btitle=Energy+Policy+Act+of+2005%2C+Public+Law+109-58+%C2%A7+110&rft.date=2005-08-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrwebgate.access.gpo.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgetdoc.cgi%3Fdbname%3D109_cong_public_laws%26docid%3Df%3Apubl058.109&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">Implementation dates of daylight saving time within Australia</a>. Bureau of Meteorology. 2009-09-22 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-04-09</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160404124201/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml">存档</a>于2016-04-04）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.btitle=Implementation+dates+of+daylight+saving+time+within+Australia&rft.date=2009-09-22&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fclimate%2Faverages%2Ftables%2Fdst_times.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eulam.com/html/200711/10/35678.html">美国龙凤胎生不逢时半小时内兄妹变成姐弟</a> <a 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E5%88%B6&rft.btitle=%E5%BD%93%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%9E%E5%BA%94%E5%85%AC%E8%81%8C%E4%BA%BA%E5%91%98%E4%B8%8B%E5%8D%88%E4%B8%8A%E7%8F%AD%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E5%BB%B6%E8%BF%9F+%E7%A1%AE%E4%BF%9D%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%B9%B3%E8%A1%A1%E6%97%A0%E5%87%8F%E5%B0%91%E5%B7%A5%E6%97%B6&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.china.com%2Fsocialgd%2F10000169%2F20240508%2F46481438_all.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080113174319/http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF12/1278.html">Alaskans Double Their Daylight Savings</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span 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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>114种语言</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>添加话题</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> 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