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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tenure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Tenure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dismissal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dismissal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Dismissal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dismissal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Constitutional_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Constitutional role</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Constitutional_role-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Constitutional role subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Role_in_the_Australian_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_the_Australian_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Role in the Australian Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_the_Australian_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_executive_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_executive_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Role in executive government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_executive_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reserve_powers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reserve_powers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Reserve powers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reserve_powers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ceremonial_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ceremonial_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ceremonial role</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ceremonial_role-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ceremonial role subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ceremonial_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diplomatic_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diplomatic_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Diplomatic role</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diplomatic_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Military role</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Community role</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Community_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relationship_with_the_monarch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_with_the_monarch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Relationship with the monarch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_with_the_monarch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Privileges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Privileges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Privileges</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Privileges-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Privileges subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Privileges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Salary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Salary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Official_dress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_dress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Official dress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_dress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Titles_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Titles_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Titles and honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Titles_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Backgrounds_of_governors-general" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Backgrounds_of_governors-general"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Backgrounds of governors-general</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Backgrounds_of_governors-general-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline_of_governors-general" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline_of_governors-general"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Timeline of governors-general</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline_of_governors-general-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Governor-General of Australia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gem%C7%A3ne_R%C4%ABca_of_Australie" title="Gemǣne Rīca of Australie – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Gemǣne Rīca of Australie" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="الحاكم العام لأستراليا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الحاكم العام لأستراليا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobernador_xeneral_d%27Australia" title="Gobernador xeneral d'Australia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gobernador xeneral d'Australia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gener%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_guvern%C3%A9r_Austr%C3%A1lie" title="Generální guvernér Austrálie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Generální guvernér Austrálie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiens_generalguvern%C3%B8r" title="Australiens generalguvernør – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Australiens generalguvernør" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalgouverneur_von_Australien" title="Generalgouverneur von Australien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Generalgouverneur von Australien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austraalia_kindralkuberner" title="Austraalia kindralkuberner – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Austraalia kindralkuberner" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%9A%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Γενικός Κυβερνήτης της Αυστραλίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γενικός Κυβερνήτης της Αυστραλίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobernador_general_de_Australia" title="Gobernador general de Australia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gobernador general de Australia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Cenerala_guberniestro_de_A%C5%ADstralio" title="Ĝenerala guberniestro de Aŭstralio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĝenerala guberniestro de Aŭstralio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiako_gobernadore_nagusi" title="Australiako gobernadore nagusi – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Australiako gobernadore nagusi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="فرماندار کل استرالیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرماندار کل استرالیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouverneur_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_d%27Australie" title="Gouverneur général d'Australie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gouverneur général d'Australie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobernador_Xeral_de_Australia" title="Gobernador Xeral de Australia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gobernador Xeral de Australia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EC%B4%9D%EB%8F%85" title="오스트레일리아의 총독 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오스트레일리아의 총독" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B2" title="ऑस्ट्रेलिया के गवर्नर-जनरल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ऑस्ट्रेलिया के गवर्नर-जनरल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalni_guverner_Australije" title="Generalni guverner Australije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Generalni guverner Australije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernur_Jenderal_Australia" title="Gubernur Jenderal Australia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gubernur Jenderal Australia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governatore_generale_dell%27Australia" title="Governatore generale dell'Australia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Governatore generale dell'Australia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%94" title="המושל הכללי של אוסטרליה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המושל הכללי של אוסטרליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabenor_Jeneral_Australia" title="Gabenor Jeneral Australia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gabenor Jeneral Australia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouverneur-generaal_van_Australi%C3%AB" title="Gouverneur-generaal van Australië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gouverneur-generaal van Australië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A2%E7%B7%8F%E7%9D%A3" title="オーストラリア総督 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オーストラリア総督" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australias_generalguvern%C3%B8r" title="Australias generalguvernør – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Australias generalguvernør" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governador_general_d%27Austr%C3%A0lia" title="Governador general d'Austràlia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Governador general d'Austràlia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avstraliya_general-gubernatori" title="Avstraliya general-gubernatori – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Avstraliya general-gubernatori" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="گورنر جنرل آسٹریلیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گورنر جنرل آسٹریلیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gubernatorzy_generalni_Australii" title="Gubernatorzy generalni Australii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gubernatorzy generalni Australii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governador-geral_da_Austr%C3%A1lia" title="Governador-geral da Austrália – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Governador-geral da Austrália" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Генерал-губернатор Австралии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Генерал-губернатор Австралии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govrenor-General_o_Australie" title="Govrenor-General o Australie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Govrenor-General o Australie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Governor-General of Australia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%BD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D9%88_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%84" title="آسٽريليا جو گورنر جنرل – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آسٽريليا جو گورنر جنرل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D8%B4%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A6%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="دادوەری گشتی ئوسترالیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دادوەری گشتی ئوسترالیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%90%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Генерални гувернер Аустралије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Генерални гувернер Аустралије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalni_guverner_Australije" title="Generalni guverner Australije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Generalni guverner Australije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_kenraalikuvern%C3%B6%C3%B6ri" title="Australian kenraalikuvernööri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Australian kenraalikuvernööri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiens_generalguvern%C3%B6r" title="Australiens generalguvernör – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Australiens generalguvernör" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobernador-Heneral_ng_Australya" title="Gobernador-Heneral ng Australya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gobernador-Heneral ng Australya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ผู้สำเร็จราชการออสเตรเลีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ผู้สำเร็จราชการออสเตรเลีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avustralya_genel_valisi" title="Avustralya genel valisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Avustralya genel valisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%97" title="Генерал-губернатор Австралії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Генерал-губернатор Австралії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%B9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="گورنر جنرل آسٹریلیا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گورنر جنرل آسٹریلیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%C3%A0n_quy%E1%BB%81n_%C3%9Ac" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-general_of_Australia&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor-general of Australia">Governor-general of Australia</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Federal representative of the Australian monarch</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a list of office holders, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_Australia" title="List of governors-general of Australia">List of governors-general of Australia</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;">Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Badge_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia_(Tudor_Crown).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Badge_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia_%28Tudor_Crown%29.svg/90px-Badge_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia_%28Tudor_Crown%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Badge_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia_%28Tudor_Crown%29.svg/135px-Badge_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia_%28Tudor_Crown%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Badge_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia_%28Tudor_Crown%29.svg/180px-Badge_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia_%28Tudor_Crown%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="585" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Badge</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia.svg/320px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_governor-general_of_Australia" title="Flag of the governor-general of Australia">Flag of the governor-general</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em; border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sam_Mostyn_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Sam_Mostyn_2024.jpg/220px-Sam_Mostyn_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Sam_Mostyn_2024.jpg/330px-Sam_Mostyn_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Sam_Mostyn_2024.jpg/440px-Sam_Mostyn_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1342" data-file-height="1880" /></a></span></div><div style="display:inline;font-weight:bold;">Incumbent<br /><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mostyn" title="Sam Mostyn">Sam Mostyn</a><br /></div>since 1 July 2024</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Viceroy#Commonwealth_realms" title="Viceroy">Viceregal</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">Style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">Her Excellency the Honourable</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_residence" title="Official residence">Residence</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Canberra" title="Government House, Canberra">Government House</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Admiralty_House,_Kirribilli" class="mw-redirect" title="Admiralty House, Kirribilli">Admiralty House</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appointer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Monarch_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarch of Australia">Monarch of Australia</a><br />on the <a href="/wiki/Advice_(constitutional_law)" title="Advice (constitutional law)">advice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">prime minister</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Term_of_office" title="Term of office">Term length</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/At_His_Majesty%27s_pleasure" title="At His Majesty's pleasure">At His Majesty's pleasure</a><br />(typically 5 years)<sup id="cite_ref-PEOGG_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PEOGG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constituting instrument</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Constitution">Australian Constitution</a></i> <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www7.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/xx2.html">section 2</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data">29 October 1900<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First holder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Hope,_7th_Earl_of_Hopetoun" title="John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun">John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Salary</th><td class="infobox-data">$709,017<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gg.gov.au">gg<wbr />.gov<wbr />.au</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>governor-general of Australia</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia#Federal_nature" title="Politics of Australia">federal</a> representative of the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">monarch of Australia</a>, currently <a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a>. The governor-general has many constitutional and ceremonial roles in the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia" title="Politics of Australia">Australian political system</a>, in which they have independent agency. However, they are generally bound by <a href="/wiki/Convention_(political_norm)" title="Convention (political norm)">convention</a> to act on the advice of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">prime minister</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Executive_Council_(Australia)" title="Federal Executive Council (Australia)">Federal Executive Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PEOGG_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PEOGG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also have a significant community role, through recognising meritorious individuals and groups, and representing the nation as a whole. The current governor-general is <a href="/wiki/Sam_Mostyn" title="Sam Mostyn">Sam Mostyn</a>. </p><p>Significant functions of the governor-general include giving <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> to bills passed by <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">the houses of parliament</a>, issuing <a href="/wiki/Writs_for_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Writs for election">writs for elections</a>, exercising executive power on the advice of the Federal Executive Council, formally appointing government officials (including the prime minister, other ministers, judges and ambassadors), acting as <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Australian Defence Force</a>, and bestowing <a href="/wiki/Australian_honours_and_awards_system" title="Australian honours and awards system">Australian honours</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GGSrole_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GGSrole-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in almost all instances the governor-general only exercises <i><a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a></i> power in accordance with the principles of the <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster system</a> and <a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">responsible government</a>. This requires them to remain politically neutral and to only act in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament</a> (such as when selecting the prime minister and providing <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a>) or on the <a href="/wiki/Advice_(constitutional_law)" title="Advice (constitutional law)">advice</a> of ministers (when performing executive actions). However, in certain limited circumstances, the governor-general can exercise <a href="/wiki/Reserve_power" title="Reserve power">reserve powers</a> (powers that may be exercised without or against formal advice), most notably during the <a href="/wiki/1975_Australian_constitutional_crisis" title="1975 Australian constitutional crisis">1975 Australian constitutional crisis</a>. These situations are often controversial and the use of and continued existence of these powers remains highly debated. </p><p>In their ceremonial and community roles, the governor-general represents the nation as a whole. Domestically, this role entails attending services and commemorations, sponsoring community organisations and hosting events at one of the two official residences (<a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Canberra" title="Government House, Canberra">Government House</a> in Canberra and <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_House,_Sydney" title="Admiralty House, Sydney">Admiralty House</a> in Sydney). Internationally, the governor-general represents Australia by travelling to significant events and by performing and receiving <a href="/wiki/State_visit" title="State visit">state visits</a>. The governor-general is supported by a staff (of 80 in 2018<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) headed by the <a href="/wiki/Official_secretary_to_the_governor-general_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Official secretary to the governor-general of Australia">official secretary</a>. </p><p>The governor-general is selected by the prime minister, but formally appointed by the monarch of Australia on the prime minister's advice.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HoR_Practice_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoR_Practice-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their term is not fixed, but they typically serve for five years. From <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation</a> in 1901 until 1965, 11 out of the 15 governors-general were <a href="/wiki/Peerages_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Peerages in the United Kingdom">British aristocrats</a>; however all since then have been <a href="/wiki/Australian_citizens" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian citizens">Australian citizens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current governor-general, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Mostyn" title="Sam Mostyn">Samantha Mostyn</a>, is the second woman to hold the post, after Dame <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Bryce" title="Quentin Bryce">Quentin Bryce</a> (2008–2014).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GGAppointment_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GGAppointment-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appointment">Appointment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Appointment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Hurley_swearing-in.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/David_Hurley_swearing-in.jpg/220px-David_Hurley_swearing-in.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/David_Hurley_swearing-in.jpg/330px-David_Hurley_swearing-in.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/David_Hurley_swearing-in.jpg/440px-David_Hurley_swearing-in.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/David_Hurley" title="David Hurley">David Hurley</a> (centre) at his swearing-in as governor-general in 2019</figcaption></figure> <p>The governor-general is formally appointed by the monarch of Australia with a commission made under the authority of section 2 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">Constitution</a> and regulated by <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> issued by the monarch.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When a new governor-general is to be appointed, the current prime minister recommends a name to the monarch, who by convention accepts that recommendation.<sup id="cite_ref-HoR_Practice_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoR_Practice-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to the 1940s, the recommendation was made and decided by the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Australia" title="Cabinet of Australia">Cabinet</a> as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incoming governor-general is publicly announced usually several months before the end of the existing governor-general's term. After receiving their commission, the new governor-general takes an <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Allegiance_(Australia)" title="Oath of Allegiance (Australia)">oath or affirmation of allegiance</a> to the monarch and an <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Allegiance_(Australia)#Oath_of_Office" title="Oath of Allegiance (Australia)">oath or affirmation of office</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These oaths are administered by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Australia" title="Chief Justice of Australia">chief justice of Australia</a> or another justice of the High Court.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally, the ceremony takes place in the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Senate</a> chamber.<sup id="cite_ref-HoR_Practice_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HoR_Practice-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenure">Tenure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Tenure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">Constitution</a> does not set a term of office, so a governor-general may continue to hold office for any agreed length of time. In recent decades the typical term of office has been five years. Some early governors-general were appointed to terms of just one year (<a href="/wiki/Hallam_Tennyson,_2nd_Baron_Tennyson" title="Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson">Lord Tennyson</a>) or two years (<a href="/wiki/Henry_Forster,_1st_Baron_Forster" title="Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster">Lord Forster</a>; later extended). At the end of this initial term, a commission may be extended for a short time, usually to avoid conflict with an election or during political difficulties.<sup id="cite_ref-GGSrole_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GGSrole-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three governors-general have resigned their commission. The first governor-general, <a href="/wiki/John_Hope,_1st_Marquess_of_Linlithgow" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow">Lord Hopetoun</a>, asked to be recalled to Britain in 1903 over a dispute about funding for the post. Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Kerr_(governor-general)" title="John Kerr (governor-general)">John Kerr</a> resigned in 1977, with his official reason being his decision to accept the position of Australian ambassador to <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> in Paris, a post which ultimately he did not take up, but the resignation also being motivated by the <a href="/wiki/1975_constitutional_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="1975 constitutional controversy">1975 constitutional controversy</a>. In 2003, ex-archbishop <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hollingworth" title="Peter Hollingworth">Peter Hollingworth</a> voluntarily stood aside while controversial allegations against him were managed, and the <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> of the office were amended to take account of this circumstance. He later stepped down over the church's handling of allegations of sexual abuse of boys, for which he apologised before the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_into_Institutional_Responses_to_Child_Sexual_Abuse" title="Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse">Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse</a> in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1961, <a href="/wiki/William_Morrison,_1st_Viscount_Dunrossil" title="William Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil">Lord Dunrossil</a> became the first and, to date, only governor-general to die while holding office. </p><p>A vacancy occurs on the resignation, death, or incapacity of the governor-general. A temporary vacancy occurs when the governor-general is overseas on official business representing Australia. A temporary vacancy also occurred in 2003 when Peter Hollingworth stood aside. </p><p>Section 4 of the Constitution allows the monarch to appoint an <a href="/wiki/Administrator_(Australia)" title="Administrator (Australia)">administrator</a> to carry out the role of governor-general when there is a vacancy.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By convention, the longest-serving state governor holds a <a href="/wiki/Dormant_commission" title="Dormant commission">dormant commission</a>, allowing an assumption of office to commence whenever a vacancy occurs. In 1975, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor</a> prime minister <a href="/wiki/Gough_Whitlam" title="Gough Whitlam">Gough Whitlam</a> advised the Queen that Sir <a href="/wiki/Colin_Hannah" title="Colin Hannah">Colin Hannah</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Queensland" title="Governor of Queensland">governor of Queensland</a>, should have his dormant commission revoked for having made public and partisan anti-<a href="/wiki/Whitlam_government" title="Whitlam government">Whitlam government</a> political statements, in violation of the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_custom)#Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political custom)">convention</a> that vice-regal representatives remain neutral and above politics.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dismissal">Dismissal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dismissal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A governor-general may be recalled or dismissed by the monarch before their term is complete. By convention, this may only be upon advice from the prime minister, who retains responsibility for selecting an immediate replacement or letting the vacancy provisions take effect. The <a href="/wiki/1975_Australian_constitutional_crisis" title="1975 Australian constitutional crisis">constitutional crisis of 1975</a> raised the possibility of the prime minister and the governor-general attempting to dismiss each other at the same time. According to <a href="/wiki/William_McMahon" title="William McMahon">William McMahon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Holt" title="Harold Holt">Harold Holt</a> considered having <a href="/wiki/Richard_Casey,_Baron_Casey" title="Richard Casey, Baron Casey">Lord Casey</a> dismissed from the governor-generalship, and went as far as to have the necessary documents drawn up. Casey had twice called McMahon into Yarralumla to give him a "dressing down" over his poor relationship with deputy prime minister <a href="/wiki/John_McEwen" title="John McEwen">John McEwen</a>, which he believed was affecting the government. Holt believed that this was an improper use of his authority, but no further action was taken.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Constitutional_role">Constitutional role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Constitutional role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:22.0em; border: 4px double #d69d36;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">This article is part of a series on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#00843D; border: 1px double #8C959A;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia" title="Politics of Australia"><span style="color:white;"><small>Politics of</small><br />Australia</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg/110px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg/165px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg/220px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="color:#222; text-align:center;"> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">Constitution</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; color:#222;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Monarchy</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Monarch</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Governor-General</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mostyn" title="Sam Mostyn">Sam Mostyn</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; color:#222;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Executive</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Anthony Albanese</a> (ALP)</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Australia">Deputy Prime Minister</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Marles" title="Richard Marles">Richard Marles</a> (ALP)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Federal_Executive_Council_(Australia)" title="Federal Executive Council (Australia)">Federal Executive Council</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_ministries" title="List of Australian ministries">Ministry</a> <a href="/wiki/Albanese_ministry" title="Albanese ministry">Albanese ministry</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Australia" title="Cabinet of Australia">Cabinet</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; color:#222;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Legislature</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Australian Parliament</a></b></li></ul> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_House_of_Representatives_2022.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Australian_House_of_Representatives_2022.svg/59px-Australian_House_of_Representatives_2022.svg.png" decoding="async" width="59" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Australian_House_of_Representatives_2022.svg/88px-Australian_House_of_Representatives_2022.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Australian_House_of_Representatives_2022.svg/117px-Australian_House_of_Representatives_2022.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2022_Australian_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/2022_Australian_Senate.svg/55px-2022_Australian_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="55" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/2022_Australian_Senate.svg/82px-2022_Australian_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/2022_Australian_Senate.svg/109px-2022_Australian_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Senate</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Australian_Senate" title="President of the Australian Senate">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Sue_Lines" title="Sue Lines">Sue Lines</a> (ALP)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Government_in_the_Senate_(Australia)" title="Leader of the Government in the Senate (Australia)">Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Penny_Wong" title="Penny Wong">Penny Wong</a> (ALP)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives">Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Milton_Dick" title="Milton Dick">Milton Dick</a> (ALP)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(Australia)" title="Leader of the House (Australia)">Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Tony_Burke" title="Tony Burke">Tony Burke</a> (ALP)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(Australia)" title="Opposition (Australia)">Opposition</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Australia)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Australia)">Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Dutton" title="Peter Dutton">Peter Dutton</a> (LP)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_ministry_of_Peter_Dutton" title="Shadow ministry of Peter Dutton">Shadow Ministry</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; color:#222;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Australia" title="Judiciary of Australia"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Judiciary</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court of Australia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_High_Court_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gageler" title="Stephen Gageler">Stephen Gageler</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Keane" title="Patrick Keane">Keane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Gordon" title="Michelle Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Edelman" title="James Edelman">Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Steward_(judge)" title="Simon Steward (judge)">Steward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Gleeson" title="Jacqueline Gleeson">Gleeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Beech-Jones" title="Robert Beech-Jones">Beech-Jones</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Federal_Court_of_Australia" title="Federal Court of Australia">Federal Court of Australia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_judges_of_the_Federal_Court_of_Australia" title="List of judges of the Federal Court of Australia">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Debra_Mortimer" title="Debra Mortimer">Debra Mortimer</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_judges_of_the_Federal_Court_of_Australia" title="List of judges of the Federal Court of Australia">List of Judges</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Federal_Circuit_and_Family_Court_of_Australia" title="Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia">Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_judges_of_the_Family_Court_of_Australia" title="List of judges of the Family Court of Australia">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/Will_Alstergren" title="Will Alstergren">Will Alstergren</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_judges_of_the_Family_Court_of_Australia" title="List of judges of the Family Court of Australia">List of Judges</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Australia#Australian_court_hierarchy" title="Judiciary of Australia">State and territory courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_legal_system" title="Australian legal system">Australian legal system</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; color:#222;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Australia" title="Elections in Australia"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Elections</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><b>Recent elections</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Australian_federal_election" title="2022 Australian federal election">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Australian_federal_election" title="2019 Australian federal election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Australian_federal_election" title="2016 Australian federal election">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Australian_federal_election" title="2013 Australian federal election">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Australian_federal_election" title="2010 Australian federal election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Australian_federal_election" title="2007 Australian federal election">2007</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Australia" title="Electoral system of Australia">Federal electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electorates_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Electorates of the Australian House of Representatives">Electoral divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_federal_by-elections" title="List of Australian federal by-elections">By-elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Australia" title="Referendums in Australia">Referendums and plebiscites</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voter_registration_in_Australia" title="Voter registration in Australia">Voter registration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_spill" title="Leadership spill">Leadership spill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Australia" title="List of political parties in Australia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_funding_in_Australia" title="Political funding in Australia">Political funding</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; color:#222;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">States and territories</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governors_of_the_Australian_states" title="Governors of the Australian states">Governors and administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premiers_and_chief_ministers_of_the_Australian_states_and_territories" title="Premiers and chief ministers of the Australian states and territories">Premiers and chief ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliaments_of_the_Australian_states_and_territories" title="Parliaments of the Australian states and territories">Parliaments and assemblies</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Australia#State_and_territory_courts_and_tribunals" title="Judiciary of Australia">State courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_systems_of_the_Australian_states_and_territories" title="Electoral systems of the Australian states and territories">State electoral systems</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; color:#222;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Australia" title="Local government in Australia"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Local government</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_New_South_Wales" title="Local government areas of New South Wales">NSW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Victoria" title="Local government in Victoria">Vic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Queensland" title="Local government in Queensland">Qld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Western_Australia" title="Local government areas of Western Australia">WA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_South_Australia" title="Local government areas of South Australia">SA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Tasmania" title="Local government areas of Tasmania">Tas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Local government areas of the Northern Territory">NT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_local_government_political_parties_in_Australia" title="List of local government political parties in Australia">Political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; color:#222;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Australia" title="Foreign relations of Australia"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Foreign relations</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Trade" title="Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade">Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs_(Australia)" title="Minister for Foreign Affairs (Australia)">Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Penny_Wong" title="Penny Wong">Penny Wong</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Australia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Australia">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Australia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Australia">in Australia</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Nationality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_passport" title="Australian passport">Passports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Australian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Australian citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Australia" title="Visa policy of Australia">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Australia and the United Nations">Australia and the United Nations</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/G20" title="G20">G20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation" title="Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation">APEC</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93New_Zealand_relations" title="Australia–New Zealand relations">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Australia–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Australia–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Canada_relations" title="Australia–Canada relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Australia–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Australia–China relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Australia–India relations">India</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:#FFCD00; color:#222;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia#Ideology_in_Australian_politics" title="Politics of Australia"><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">Ideologies</span></a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:center;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_politics_in_Australia" title="Christian politics in Australia">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Australia" title="Conservatism in Australia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_Australia" title="Environmental movement in Australia">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Australia" title="Far-right politics in Australia">Far-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hansonism" title="Hansonism">Hansonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Australia" title="Liberalism in Australia">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_Australia" title="Monarchism in Australia">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism_in_Australia" title="Multiculturalism in Australia">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationalism" title="Australian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Australia" title="Republicanism in Australia">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Australia" title="Irreligion in Australia">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Australia" title="Socialism in Australia">Socialism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:1px solid #00843D;border-bottom:1px solid #00843D;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Australia portal</a><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_South_Wales" title="Portal:New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Victoria" title="Portal:Victoria">Victoria</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Queensland" title="Portal:Queensland">Queensland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Western_Australia" title="Portal:Western Australia">Western Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Australia" title="Portal:South Australia">South Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tasmania" title="Category:Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Category:Australian Capital Territory">Australian Capital Territory</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Northern_Territory" title="Category:Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Australia_sidebar" title="Template:Politics of Australia sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Australia_sidebar" title="Template talk:Politics of Australia sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Australia_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Australia sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The governor-general has a key role in performing constitutional duties in all branches of government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_in_the_Australian_Parliament">Role in the Australian Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Role in the Australian Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Constitution defines the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of the Commonwealth">Parliament of the Commonwealth</a> as consisting of the monarch, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Senate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the monarch's role is no more than titular, with the governor-general responsible under the Constitution for most of the functions undertaken by the monarch in regard to the <a href="/wiki/UK_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="UK parliament">UK parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include the power to summon, dissolve and prorogue the Parliament,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to issue writs for lower house elections,<sup id="cite_ref-s32_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s32-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to convene a joint sitting,<sup id="cite_ref-s57_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s57-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the power to give royal assent to bills in the monarch's name.<sup id="cite_ref-s58_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s58-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The governor-general also has a ceremonial role in swearing in and accepting the resignations of members of Parliament. All members must make an <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_Allegiance_(Australia)" title="Oath of Allegiance (Australia)">oath or affirmation of allegiance</a> to the King in the presence of the governor-general or someone appointed by them before they take their seats.<sup id="cite_ref-s42_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s42-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the day parliament opens, the governor-general makes a speech in the Senate (similar to the <a href="/wiki/Speech_from_the_throne" title="Speech from the throne">King's Speech</a> in the UK), entirely written by the government, explaining the government's proposed legislative program.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most significant powers of the governor-general is the power to grant <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> in the King's name.<sup id="cite_ref-s58_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s58-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This assent gives bills that have been passed by the houses of parliament the force of law, with effect either 28 days after being signed, on a date to be fixed later by proclamation or otherwise as provided in the act.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government does not formally advise the governor-general to grant assent, but it is expected that they will act in accordance with the democratically elected houses of Parliament and assent has never been refused.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apart from assenting to a bill, the governor-general can also reserve a bill for the King's pleasure, that is allow the monarch to give royal assent personally to a proposed bill.<sup id="cite_ref-s58_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s58-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the governor-general acted as a representative of the British government, this provision allowed for the governor-general to refer a bill back to the British government for review, which would then advise the monarch whether or not to grant assent.<sup id="cite_ref-s58_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s58-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British government could also advise the monarch to disallow a law passed within the last two years, which would annul the law on the governor-general's proclamation or message to the houses.<sup id="cite_ref-s59_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s59-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, since the assumption of full sovereignty and the emergence of an independent Crown of Australia, the British government no longer has these powers and the reservation power has only occasionally been used for bills that affect the monarch personally, such as the <i>Royal Styles and Titles Act</i> (1953 and 1973) and other bills of national significance such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Flags_Act_1953" title="Flags Act 1953">Flags Act 1953</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Australia_Act_1986" title="Australia Act 1986">Australia Act 1986</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finally, the governor-general can refer a bill back to the houses with suggested changes.<sup id="cite_ref-s58_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s58-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has only happened when once passed, the government has realised a bill requires further amendment and requests the governor-general return the bill to the house.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_in_executive_government">Role in executive government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Role in executive government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Cosgrove_with_Second_Turnbull_Ministry_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Peter_Cosgrove_with_Second_Turnbull_Ministry_2016.jpg/220px-Peter_Cosgrove_with_Second_Turnbull_Ministry_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Peter_Cosgrove_with_Second_Turnbull_Ministry_2016.jpg/330px-Peter_Cosgrove_with_Second_Turnbull_Ministry_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Peter_Cosgrove_with_Second_Turnbull_Ministry_2016.jpg/440px-Peter_Cosgrove_with_Second_Turnbull_Ministry_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Governor-General <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cosgrove" title="Peter Cosgrove">Peter Cosgrove</a> with ministers and parliamentary secretaries of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Turnbull_ministry" title="Second Turnbull ministry">Second Turnbull ministry</a>, 2016</figcaption></figure> <p>Under the Constitution, the executive power of the Commonwealth is vested in the monarch, but is exercisable by the governor-general.<sup id="cite_ref-s61_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s61-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, such power is only exercised on the advice of ministers in accordance with the principles of <a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">responsible government</a>. This occurs formally through the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Executive_Council_(Australia)" title="Federal Executive Council (Australia)">Federal Executive Council</a>, a body of all current (and technically former) ministers that advises the governor-general.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such advice is generally the result of decisions already made in <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Australia" title="Cabinet of Australia">Cabinet</a>, the <i>de facto</i> highest executive body in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While some provisions in the Constitution refer the "Governor-General" and others to the "Governor-General in Council", this does not mean that there is in element of discretion in the former; this distinction merely indicates that that the former powers were those that were historically classified as belonging to the prerogative of the monarch alone.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many executive powers are also bestowed on the governor-general by statute. This allows the government of the day (acting through the governor-general) to perform certain acts that would otherwise require legislation. Such provision are often made where legislating may be too slow, as for the declaration of emergencies. An example this was the declaration on the advice of the health minister of a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">human biosecurity emergency</a> under the <i><a href="/wiki/Biosecurity_Act_2015" title="Biosecurity Act 2015">Biosecurity Act 2015</a></i> in March 2020, due to the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-emergdec_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emergdec-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-decl_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-decl-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Formally, the governor-general may exercise the traditional rights of the monarch as identified by <a href="/wiki/Bagehot" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagehot">Bagehot</a>: the right to be consulted, to encourage and to warn.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the practical ability to exercise this right is limited. Unlike in Canada or the UK, there is no tradition of regular weekly meetings between the governor-general and the prime minister, with meetings instead sporadically held at the request or either party. There is a greater capacity to exercise influence at the regular meetings of the Federal Executive Council at Government House; however this requires the governor-general to have existing legal experience due to the volume of material, the lack of any requirement for executive-councillors to be briefed or otherwise senior in the government, and the expectation by some governments that the governor-general should only act as a <a href="/wiki/Rubber_stamp_(politics)" title="Rubber stamp (politics)">rubber stamp</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reserve_powers">Reserve powers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reserve powers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Malcolm_Turnbull_visits_Peter_Cosgrove_to_request_double_dissolution.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Malcolm_Turnbull_visits_Peter_Cosgrove_to_request_double_dissolution.jpg/220px-Malcolm_Turnbull_visits_Peter_Cosgrove_to_request_double_dissolution.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Malcolm_Turnbull_visits_Peter_Cosgrove_to_request_double_dissolution.jpg/330px-Malcolm_Turnbull_visits_Peter_Cosgrove_to_request_double_dissolution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Malcolm_Turnbull_visits_Peter_Cosgrove_to_request_double_dissolution.jpg/440px-Malcolm_Turnbull_visits_Peter_Cosgrove_to_request_double_dissolution.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a><figcaption>Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Turnbull" title="Malcolm Turnbull">Malcolm Turnbull</a> meeting with Governor-General Sir <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cosgrove" title="Peter Cosgrove">Peter Cosgrove</a> on 8 May 2016 to request a <a href="/wiki/Double_dissolution" title="Double dissolution">double dissolution</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The reserve powers are those powers that the governor-general may exercise independently, that is in the absence of or against ministerial advice.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While most of these powers are listed in the Constitution, the circumstances in which they can be used with discretion is not prescribed and is a matter of convention.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The reserve powers that are generally accepted are:<sup id="cite_ref-:4_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>the discretion to select a prime minister if an election results in a parliament in which no party or coalition has a clear majority</li> <li>the power to dismiss a prime minister that has lost the support of the House of Representatives</li> <li>the power to refuse to dissolve the House of Representatives</li></ul> <p>The reserve powers that are the subject of greater debate are:<sup id="cite_ref-:6_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>the power to refuse a double-dissolution</li> <li>the power to refuse a <a href="/wiki/Prorogation" title="Prorogation">prorogation</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>the discretion to select a prime minister following the dismissal of a prime minister that has lost the support of the House of Representatives</li> <li>the power to dismiss a prime minister who is unable to obtain supply and refuses to resign or advise a dissolution</li> <li>the power to dismiss a prime minister that has broken the law</li> <li>the power to refuse royal assent</li></ul> <p>The most prominent use of the reserve powers occurred in the course of the <a href="/wiki/1975_Australian_constitutional_crisis" title="1975 Australian constitutional crisis">1975 Australian constitutional crisis</a>, in which governor-general Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Kerr_(governor-general)" title="John Kerr (governor-general)">John Kerr</a> dismissed the government of <a href="/wiki/Gough_Whitlam" title="Gough Whitlam">Gough Whitlam</a> and appointed opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Fraser" title="Malcolm Fraser">Malcolm Fraser</a> as prime minister while an election was held.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kerr acted following the blocking of <a href="/wiki/Appropriation_bill" title="Appropriation bill">supply</a> by the opposition controlled Senate, arguing that this gave him both the right and duty to dismiss the government when they did not resign or advise an election.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The event remains one of the most highly debated and controversial in Australian political history.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ceremonial_role">Ceremonial role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ceremonial role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the formal constitutional role, the governor-general has a representative and ceremonial role, though the extent and nature of that role has depended on the expectations of the time, the individual in office at the time, the wishes of the incumbent government, and the individual's reputation in the wider community. Governors-general generally become patrons of various charitable institutions, present honours and awards, host functions for various groups of people including ambassadors to and from other countries, and travel widely throughout Australia. Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Deane" title="William Deane">William Deane</a> (governor-general 1996–2001) described one of his functions as being "Chief Mourner" at prominent funerals. In <i>Commentaries on the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia</i>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Garran" title="Robert Garran">Robert Garran</a> noted that, since the Australian executive is national in nature (being dependent on the nationally elected House of Representatives, rather than the Senate), "the Governor-General, as the official head of the Executive, does not in the smallest degree represent any federal element; if he represents anything he is the image and embodiment of national unity and the outward and visible representation of the Imperial relationship of the Commonwealth".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>That role can become controversial, however, if the governor-general becomes unpopular with sections of the community. The public role adopted by Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Kerr_(governor-general)" title="John Kerr (governor-general)">John Kerr</a> was curtailed considerably after the <a href="/wiki/1975_Australian_constitutional_crisis" title="1975 Australian constitutional crisis">constitutional crisis of 1975</a>; Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Deane" title="William Deane">William Deane</a>'s public statements on political issues produced some hostility towards him; and some charities disassociated themselves from <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hollingworth" title="Peter Hollingworth">Peter Hollingworth</a> after the issue of his management of sex abuse cases during his time as Anglican <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Brisbane" title="Anglican Diocese of Brisbane">archbishop of Brisbane</a> became a matter of controversy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diplomatic_role">Diplomatic role</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Diplomatic role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dame_Patsy_and_Sir_David_with_Governor-General_and_Mrs_Hurley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Dame_Patsy_and_Sir_David_with_Governor-General_and_Mrs_Hurley.jpg/220px-Dame_Patsy_and_Sir_David_with_Governor-General_and_Mrs_Hurley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Dame_Patsy_and_Sir_David_with_Governor-General_and_Mrs_Hurley.jpg/330px-Dame_Patsy_and_Sir_David_with_Governor-General_and_Mrs_Hurley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Dame_Patsy_and_Sir_David_with_Governor-General_and_Mrs_Hurley.jpg/440px-Dame_Patsy_and_Sir_David_with_Governor-General_and_Mrs_Hurley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1336" /></a><figcaption>Governor-General <a href="/wiki/David_Hurley" title="David Hurley">David Hurley</a> and Linda Hurley with <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">New Zealand Governor-General</a> Dame <a href="/wiki/Patsy_Reddy" title="Patsy Reddy">Patsy Reddy</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/David_Gascoigne" title="David Gascoigne">David Gascoigne</a> in 2021</figcaption></figure> <p>The governor-general makes <a href="/wiki/State_visit" title="State visit">state visits</a> overseas on behalf of Australia, during which an <a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_government" title="Administrator of the government">administrator of the government</a> is appointed.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The right of governors-general to make state visits was confirmed at the <a href="/wiki/1926_Imperial_Conference" title="1926 Imperial Conference">1926 Imperial Conference</a>, as it was deemed not feasible for the sovereign to pay state visits on behalf of countries other than the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-smith96_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith96-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, an Australian governor-general did not exercise that right until 1971, when <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hasluck" title="Paul Hasluck">Paul Hasluck</a> visited New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-smith96_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith96-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasluck's successor <a href="/wiki/John_Kerr_(governor-general)" title="John Kerr (governor-general)">John Kerr</a> made state visits to eight countries, but Kerr's successor <a href="/wiki/Zelman_Cowen" title="Zelman Cowen">Zelman Cowen</a> made only a single state visit – to Papua New Guinea – as he wished to concentrate on travelling within Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-smith96_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith96-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All subsequent governors-general have travelled widely while in office and made multiple state visits. Occasionally governors-general have made extended tours visiting multiple countries, notably in 2009 when <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Bryce" title="Quentin Bryce">Quentin Bryce</a> visited nine African countries in 19 days.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The governor-general <a href="/wiki/Accredits" class="mw-redirect" title="Accredits">accredits</a> (i.e. formally validates) Australia's <a href="/wiki/Ambassador" title="Ambassador">ambassadors</a> through sending a formal <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_credence" title="Letter of credence">letter of credence</a> (and a letter of recall at the end of a tenure) to heads of state and government<sup id="cite_ref-:12_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and similarly formally receives foreign letters during credentials ceremonies for <a href="/wiki/Head_of_mission" title="Head of mission">heads of mission</a> on their arrival in Canberra.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before 1987, ambassador and <a href="/wiki/High_commissioner_(Commonwealth)" title="High commissioner (Commonwealth)">high commissioner</a> appointments were formally made by the monarch instead.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_role">Military role</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Military role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corporal_Ben_Roberts-Smith_VC_investiture_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Corporal_Ben_Roberts-Smith_VC_investiture_%281%29.jpg/220px-Corporal_Ben_Roberts-Smith_VC_investiture_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Corporal_Ben_Roberts-Smith_VC_investiture_%281%29.jpg/330px-Corporal_Ben_Roberts-Smith_VC_investiture_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Corporal_Ben_Roberts-Smith_VC_investiture_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Governor-general Quentin Bryce awarding the Victoria Cross to Corporal <a href="/wiki/Ben_Roberts-Smith" title="Ben Roberts-Smith">Ben Roberts-Smith</a>, 2011</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Governor_General_of_Australia_rank_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Governor_General_of_Australia_rank_insignia.svg/80px-Governor_General_of_Australia_rank_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Governor_General_of_Australia_rank_insignia.svg/120px-Governor_General_of_Australia_rank_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Governor_General_of_Australia_rank_insignia.svg/160px-Governor_General_of_Australia_rank_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="191" /></a><figcaption>Governor-General's rank insignia<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Section_68_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 68 of the Constitution of Australia">Under section 68 of the Constitution</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Command-in-chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Command-in-chief">command-in-chief</a> of Australia's military forces is "vested in the Governor‑General as the Queen's representative".<sup id="cite_ref-s68_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s68-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Views on the effect of this section vary, from merely making the governor-general "in effect no more than a glorified Patron of the Defence Forces" to alternatively making the governor-general the ultimate head of military chain of command who may influence or deny the use of the military if it is to be used for domestic political ends.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ex-governor-general Sir <a href="/wiki/Ninian_Stephen" title="Ninian Stephen">Ninian Stephen</a> stated that his view of the section was that it vests command of the military in the governor-general personally, but only to the extent that the power to give orders or call out the military does not require formal advice from the Federal Executive Council but instead the direct advice of the relevant minister.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other powers exist in the <i>Defence Force Act 1903</i>, such as the power to appoint the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_Force_(Australia)" title="Chief of the Defence Force (Australia)">chief of the Defence Force</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to call out the Defence Force,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and declare a time of war, exercised as ordinary executive powers on advice.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, all officers are appointed by the governor-general on behalf of the monarch with a personally signed commission.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, the power to declare war and make peace rested with the monarch (as advised by the British government) in their role as head of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the position of Robert Menzies in 1939, who assumed that the declaration of war by the United Kingdom in World War II automatically applied to Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 1941 opinion had shifted and the <a href="/wiki/Curtin_government" title="Curtin government">Curtin government</a> advised the governor-general to declare war on several <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a>. However, it was still unclear whether the governor-general had the constitutional power to declare war, so in addition to requesting the assignment of powers by the monarch to the governor-general, the government also requested King <a href="/wiki/George_VI" title="George VI">George VI</a> make similar proclamations of war on Australia's behalf.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:9_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No formal declarations of war have been made since World War II, although other declarations on the start and end of time of "active service" have been made in other conflicts.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The powers of command-in-chief are vested in the governor-general rather than the "Governor-General in Council", however this does not denote an element of personal discretion in their exercise.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 1970 governor-general <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hasluck" title="Paul Hasluck">Paul Hasluck</a> refused prime minister <a href="/wiki/John_Gorton" title="John Gorton">John Gorton</a>'s request to authorise a <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islands Regiment">Pacific Islands Regiment</a> peacekeeping mission in the <a href="/wiki/Territory_of_Papua_and_New_Guinea" title="Territory of Papua and New Guinea">Territory of Papua and New Guinea</a>, on the grounds that cabinet had not been consulted. Gorton agreed to put the matter to his ministers, and a cabinet meeting agreed that troops should only be called out if requested by the territory's <a href="/wiki/List_of_Administrators_and_High_Commissioners_of_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Administrators and High Commissioners of Papua New Guinea">administrator</a>; this did not occur. Defence minister <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Fraser" title="Malcolm Fraser">Malcolm Fraser</a>, who opposed the call out, was responsible for informing Hasluck of the prime minister's lack of consultation.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incident contributed to Fraser's resignation from cabinet in 1971 and Gorton's subsequent <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia_leadership_spill,_1971" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Australia leadership spill, 1971">loss of the prime ministership</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Community_role">Community role</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Community role"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The governor-general is generally invited to become patron of various charitable and service organisations. Historically the governor-general has also served as <a href="/wiki/Scouts_Australia" title="Scouts Australia">Chief Scout of Australia</a>. The chief scout is nominated by the Scouting Association's National Executive Committee and is invited by the president of the Scout Association to accept the appointment.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hayden" title="Bill Hayden">Bill Hayden</a> declined the office on the grounds of his <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheism</a>, which was incompatible with the <a href="/wiki/Scout_Promise" title="Scout Promise">Scout Promise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did however serve as the association's patron during his term of office. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relationship_with_the_monarch">Relationship with the monarch</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Relationship with the monarch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Australian_head_of_state_dispute" title="Australian head of state dispute">Australian head of state dispute</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Queen_Elizabeth_II_and_Quentin_Bryce_(2011)_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Queen_Elizabeth_II_and_Quentin_Bryce_%282011%29_2.jpg/220px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_and_Quentin_Bryce_%282011%29_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Queen_Elizabeth_II_and_Quentin_Bryce_%282011%29_2.jpg/330px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_and_Quentin_Bryce_%282011%29_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Queen_Elizabeth_II_and_Quentin_Bryce_%282011%29_2.jpg/440px-Queen_Elizabeth_II_and_Quentin_Bryce_%282011%29_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="377" /></a><figcaption>Governor-General Quentin Bryce with Queen Elizabeth II, 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>While the governor-general is the monarch's representative, as provided by section 2 of the Constitution,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the powers they exercise are solely granted by the Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was not always seen to be the case however, with section 2 also providing that the governor-general may exercise other powers, subject to the Constitution, that the monarch may assign them. Additionally, the initial letters patent of Queen Victoria purported to create and empower the office of governor-general, despite their assignment already in the Constitution. This was raised as early as 1901, by <a href="/wiki/John_Quick_(politician)" title="John Quick (politician)">John Quick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Garran" title="Robert Garran">Garran</a> in their authoritative commentary of the Constitution, noting that the governor-general of Australia was distinguished from other imperial governors-general by the fact that "[t]he principal and most important of his powers and functions, legislative as well as executive, are expressly conferred on him by the terms of the Constitution itself ... not by Royal authority, but by statutory authority".<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This view was also held by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Inglis_Clark" title="Andrew Inglis Clark">Andrew Inglis Clark</a>, senior judge of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Tasmania" title="Supreme Court of Tasmania">Supreme Court of Tasmania</a>, who with W. <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Moore" title="Harrison Moore">Harrison Moore</a> (a contributor to the first draft of the constitution put before the 1897 Adelaide Convention and professor of law at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a>), postulating that the <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_instructions" title="Royal instructions">royal instructions</a> issued by <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> were unnecessary "or even of doubtful legality".<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Additionally, it was also previously believed that the monarch retained certain powers, such as the power to declare war, appoint diplomatic officers and to grant <a href="/wiki/Charters_of_incorporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Charters of incorporation">charters of incorporation</a> and as such these powers were assigned separately to the governor-general under section 2.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the current interpretation of the Constitution is that all royal prerogatives are exercisable by the governor-general under section 61 and in recognition of this, the vesting of additional powers ended in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While separate letters-patent still exist for the governor-general, these merely provide for the appointment of administrator in the case of the governor-general's absence or incapacity and requires the governor-general to make an oath or affirmation of allegiance and one of office.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Solicitor-General_of_Australia" title="Solicitor-General of Australia">Commonwealth Solicitor-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Byers" title="Maurice Byers">Maurice Byers</a> stated in 1974: "The constitutional prescription is that executive power is exercisable by the governor-general although vested in the Queen. What is exercisable is original executive power: that is, the very thing vested in the Queen by section 61. And it is exercisable by the Queen's representative, not her delegate or agent."<sup id="cite_ref-norepublic_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norepublic-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1988 Constitutional Commission report explained: "the governor-general is in no sense a delegate of the Queen. The independence of the office is highlighted by changes which have been made in recent years to the Royal Instruments relating to it".<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The changes occurred in 1984 when Queen Victoria's letters patent and instructions were revoked and replaced with new letters patent,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on prime minister <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Bob Hawke</a>'s advice, who stated that this would clarify the governor-general's position under the constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This remains the case even when the sovereign is in the country: solicitor-general <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Bailey_(Australian_lawyer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Bailey (Australian lawyer)">Kenneth Bailey</a>, prior to the first tour of Australia by its reigning monarch in 1954, explained the position by saying:<sup id="cite_ref-norepublic_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norepublic-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>the Constitution expressly vests in the Governor-General the power or duty to perform a number of the Crown's functions in the Legislature and the Executive Government of the Commonwealth<span class="nowrap"> </span>... The executive power of the Commonwealth, by section 61 of the Constitution, is declared to be vested in the Queen. It is also, in the same section, declared to be "exercisable" by the Governor-General as the Queen's representative. In the face of this provision, I feel it is difficult to contend that the Queen, even though present in Australia, may exercise in person functions of executive government which are specifically assigned by the constitution to the Governor-General.</p></blockquote><p>The monarch did not overturn the actions of governor-general Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Kerr_(governor-general)" title="John Kerr (governor-general)">John Kerr</a> in his dismissal of the prime ministership and government of Gough Whitlam during the <a href="/wiki/1975_Australian_constitutional_crisis" title="1975 Australian constitutional crisis">1975 Australian constitutional crisis</a>, with the Queen's private secretary arguing that the power to commission the prime minister was "clearly placed within the jurisdiction of the governor-general, and The Queen has no part in the decisions which the Governor-General must take in accordance with the Constitution".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an address to the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Institute">Sydney Institute</a>, January 2007, in connection with that event, Sir <a href="/wiki/David_Smith_(public_servant)" title="David Smith (public servant)">David Smith</a>, a retired <a href="/wiki/Official_secretary_to_the_governor-general_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Official secretary to the governor-general of Australia">official secretary to the governor-general of Australia</a> who had been Kerr's official secretary in 1975, described the constitution as conferring the powers and functions of Australia's head of state on the governor-general in "his own right". He stated that the governor-general was more than a representative of the sovereign, explaining: "under section 2 of the Constitution the Governor-General is the Queen's representative and exercises certain royal prerogative powers and functions; under section 61 of the Constitution the Governor-General is the holder of a quite separate and independent office created, not by the Crown, but by the Constitution, and empowered to exercise, in his own right as Governor-General<span class="nowrap"> </span>... all the powers and functions of Australia's head of state".<sup id="cite_ref-norepublic_86-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-norepublic-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Privileges">Privileges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Privileges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Government_House,_Canberra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Government_House%2C_Canberra.jpg/220px-Government_House%2C_Canberra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Government_House%2C_Canberra.jpg/330px-Government_House%2C_Canberra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Government_House%2C_Canberra.jpg/440px-Government_House%2C_Canberra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Canberra" title="Government House, Canberra">Government House, Canberra</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Governors-general are entitled to various privileges by virtue of holding the office. These include the right to live in <a href="/wiki/Government_House,_Canberra" title="Government House, Canberra">Government House</a> (also known as Yarralumla<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), or <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_House,_Sydney" title="Admiralty House, Sydney">Admiralty House, Sydney</a> the two official residences of the office-holder.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For transportation, the governor-general has access to a <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Phantom_VI" title="Rolls-Royce Phantom VI">Rolls-Royce Phantom VI</a> limousine for ceremonial occasions or an armoured <a href="/wiki/BMW_7_Series_(F01)" title="BMW 7 Series (F01)">BMW 7 Series</a> for ordinary official business.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These cars fly the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_governor-general_of_Australia" title="Flag of the governor-general of Australia">flag of the governor-general of Australia</a> and display the <a href="/wiki/Tudor_Crown" title="Tudor Crown">Tudor Crown</a> instead of number plates. Originally, two Phantoms were available after being purchased in the 1970s to be used for royal tours. One of these cars was sold in 1995 to a Sydney doctor, having previously carried the Queen during a royal tour and later being pelted with eggs when it carried Sir John Kerr following <a href="/wiki/1975_Australian_constitutional_crisis" title="1975 Australian constitutional crisis">the Dismissal</a> in 1975. The car was then entered into the almost 15,000 km long <a href="/wiki/Peking_to_Paris" title="Peking to Paris">Peking to Paris</a> rally, where it became known as "Lizzie's Taxi" and secured fourth place.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The car is now owned by <a href="/wiki/Lindsay_Fox" title="Lindsay Fox">Lindsay Fox</a> and is often on display as a part of the Fox Classic Car Collection at Queens Warehouse, Melbourne.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salary">Salary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Salary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The salary of the governor-general was initially set by the Constitution, which fixed an annual amount of <a href="/wiki/Australian_pound" title="Australian pound">A£</a>10,000 until the parliament decided otherwise. The Constitution also provides that the salary of the governor-general cannot be changed during their term of office.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their pay is now set by <i>Governor-General Act 1974</i>, which has been amended on each new commission to set the governor-general's salary to an amount slightly higher than the average salary of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Australia" title="Chief Justice of Australia">chief justice of the High Court</a> over the next five years. Since 1995, this has been reduced to take into account any existing pension the incoming governor-general currently receives.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This provision led to the salary increase of current governor-general <a href="/wiki/Samantha_Mostyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Samantha Mostyn">Samantha Mostyn</a> (of $495,000 to $709,017) being significantly greater than other new governors-general, as unlike previous governor-general <a href="/wiki/David_Hurley" title="David Hurley">David Hurley</a>, she does not receive a military pension.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The governor-general also receives a generous pension.<sup id="cite_ref-GGASalary_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GGASalary-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until 2001, governors-general did not pay <a href="/wiki/Income_tax_in_Australia" title="Income tax in Australia">income tax</a> on their salary; this was changed after Elizabeth II agreed to pay tax.<sup id="cite_ref-QBS_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QBS-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_dress">Official dress</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Official dress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Lord_de_L%27Isle_in_dress_uniform,_1962_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Portrait_of_Lord_de_L%27Isle_in_dress_uniform%2C_1962_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Portrait_of_Lord_de_L%27Isle_in_dress_uniform%2C_1962_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Portrait_of_Lord_de_L%27Isle_in_dress_uniform%2C_1962_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Portrait_of_Lord_de_L%27Isle_in_dress_uniform%2C_1962_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Portrait_of_Lord_de_L%27Isle_in_dress_uniform%2C_1962_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Portrait_of_Lord_de_L%27Isle_in_dress_uniform%2C_1962_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3653" data-file-height="5112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Sidney,_1st_Viscount_De_L%27Isle" title="William Sidney, 1st Viscount De L'Isle">William Sidney, 1st Viscount De L'Isle</a>, 15th governor-general of Australia (1961–65), in his court uniform</figcaption></figure> <p>Governors-general before the 1970s wore traditional <a href="/wiki/Court_uniform_and_dress_in_the_United_Kingdom#Foreign_Service_variants" title="Court uniform and dress in the United Kingdom">court uniforms</a>, consisting of a dark navy wool double-breasted coatee with silver oak leaf and fern embroidery on the collar and cuffs trimmed with silver buttons embossed with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Arms">Royal Arms</a> and with bullion edged epaulettes on the shoulders, dark navy trousers with a wide band of silver oak-leaf braid down the outside seam, silver sword belt with ceremonial sword, <a href="/wiki/Bicorne" title="Bicorne">bicorne</a> cocked hat with plume of ostrich feathers, black patent leather Wellington boots with spurs, etc., that is worn on ceremonial occasions.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a tropical version made of white tropical wool cut in a typical military fashion worn with a plumed helmet. However, that custom fell into disuse during the tenure of Sir <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hasluck" title="Paul Hasluck">Paul Hasluck</a> with governors-general now observing <a href="/wiki/Informal_wear" title="Informal wear">informal wear</a> day-to-day. Tasmanian governor Sir <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Burbury" title="Stanley Burbury">Stanley Burbury</a> extensively lobbied his government in an attempt to regain the right to wear a uniform, going as far to contact Sir John Kerr in desperation, hoping he could contact the Palace directly.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it does not appear that he was successful. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Titles_and_honours">Titles and honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Titles and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Governors-general have during their tenure the style <i>His/Her <a href="/wiki/Excellency" title="Excellency">Excellency</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Honourable" title="The Honourable">the Honourable</a></i> and their <a href="/wiki/Spouse_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Spouse of the Governor-General of Australia">spouses</a> have the style <i>His/Her Excellency</i>. Since May 2013, the style used by a former governor-general is <i>the Honourable</i>; it was at the same time retrospectively granted for life to all previous holders of the office.<sup id="cite_ref-thehon_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thehon-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Australia" title="Order of Australia">Order of Australia</a> in 1975, the governor-general was, <i><a href="/wiki/Ex_officio_member" title="Ex officio member">ex officio</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Principal_of_the_Order_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Principal of the Order of Australia">Chancellor and Principal Companion</a> of the order, and therefore became entitled to the post-nominal AC. In 1976, the <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> for the order were amended to introduce the rank of Knight and Dame to the order, and from that time the governor-general became, ex officio, the Chancellor and Principal Knight of the order. In 1986 the letters patent were amended again, and governors-general appointed from that time were again, ex officio, entitled to the post-nominal AC (although if they already held a knighthood in the order that superior rank was retained). </p><p>Until 1989, all governors-general were members of the <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Privy Council of the United Kingdom</a> and thus held the additional style <i><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></i> for life. The same individuals were also usually either <a href="/wiki/Australian_peers_and_baronets" title="Australian peers and baronets">peers</a>, knights, or both (the only Australian peer to be appointed as governor-general was <a href="/wiki/Richard_Casey,_Baron_Casey" title="Richard Casey, Baron Casey">Lord Casey</a>; and Sir <a href="/wiki/William_McKell" title="William McKell">William McKell</a> was knighted only in 1951, some years into his term, but he was entitled to the style <i>The Honourable</i> during his tenure as premier of New South Wales, an office he held until almost immediately before his appointment). In 1989, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hayden" title="Bill Hayden">Bill Hayden</a>, a republican, declined appointment to the British Privy Council and any <a href="/wiki/Australian_honours_system#Imperial_honours" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian honours system">imperial honours</a>. From that time until 2014, governors-general did not receive automatic titles or honours, other than the post-nominal AC by virtue of being Chancellor and Principal Companion of the Order of Australia. <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Bryce" title="Quentin Bryce">Quentin Bryce</a> was the first governor-general to have had no prior title or <a href="/wiki/Pre-nominal_letters" title="Pre-nominal letters">pre-nominal</a> style. She was in office when, on 19 March 2014, then prime minister <a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Tony Abbott</a> advised the Queen to amend the letters patent of the Order of Australia to reinstate knighthoods into the Order, with the governor-general becoming the Principal Knight or Dame of the order.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in 2015 knighthoods were once again abolished by new prime minister <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Turnbull" title="Malcolm Turnbull">Malcolm Turnbull</a>, with all subsequent governors-general appointed as Companions. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Spouse_of_the_governor-general_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Spouse of the governor-general of Australia">Spouses of governors-general</a> have no official duties but carry out the role of a vice-regal consort. They are entitled to the courtesy style <i>Her Excellency</i> or <i>His Excellency</i> during the office-holder's term of office. Most spouses of governors-general have been content to be quietly supportive. Some, however, have been notable in their own right, such as Dame <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Hasluck" title="Alexandra Hasluck">Alexandra Hasluck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maie_Casey,_Baroness_Casey" title="Maie Casey, Baroness Casey">Lady Casey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bryce" title="Michael Bryce">Michael Bryce</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1900_Letters_Patent_for_the_office_of_Governor-General_of_Australia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/1900_Letters_Patent_for_the_office_of_Governor-General_of_Australia.png/220px-1900_Letters_Patent_for_the_office_of_Governor-General_of_Australia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/1900_Letters_Patent_for_the_office_of_Governor-General_of_Australia.png/330px-1900_Letters_Patent_for_the_office_of_Governor-General_of_Australia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/1900_Letters_Patent_for_the_office_of_Governor-General_of_Australia.png/440px-1900_Letters_Patent_for_the_office_of_Governor-General_of_Australia.png 2x" data-file-width="2486" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> issued by <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> in 1900 regulating the office of governor-general</figcaption></figure> <p>Other offices named <i>governor-general</i> were previously used in Australia in the mid-19th century. Sir <a href="/wiki/Charles_Augustus_FitzRoy" title="Charles Augustus FitzRoy">Charles FitzRoy</a> (governor of New South Wales from 1846 to 1855) and Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Denison" title="William Denison">William Denison</a> (governor of New South Wales from 1855 to 1861) also carried the additional title of governor-general because their jurisdiction extended to other colonies in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:214px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hopetoun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Hopetoun.jpg/138px-Hopetoun.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Hopetoun.jpg/207px-Hopetoun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Hopetoun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="209" data-file-height="325" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/John_Hope,_7th_Earl_of_Hopetoun" title="John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun">John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun</a>, the first governor-general, 1900–1903</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:193px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ac.isaacs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ac.isaacs.jpg/138px-Ac.isaacs.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ac.isaacs.jpg/207px-Ac.isaacs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Ac.isaacs.jpg/276px-Ac.isaacs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="1656" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Sir <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Isaacs" title="Isaac Isaacs">Isaac Isaacs</a>, the first Australian-born governor-general, 1931–1936</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:140px;max-width:140px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:223px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quentin_and_Michael_Bryce_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Quentin_and_Michael_Bryce_%28cropped%29.jpg/138px-Quentin_and_Michael_Bryce_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Quentin_and_Michael_Bryce_%28cropped%29.jpg/207px-Quentin_and_Michael_Bryce_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Quentin_and_Michael_Bryce_%28cropped%29.jpg/276px-Quentin_and_Michael_Bryce_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="562" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Dame <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Bryce" title="Quentin Bryce">Quentin Bryce</a>, the first female governor-general, 2008–2014</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The office of governor-general of Australia was conceived during the debates and conventions leading up to <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">federation</a>. The first governor-general, <a href="/wiki/John_Hope,_7th_Earl_of_Hopetoun" title="John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun">John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun</a>, was a previous <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Victoria" title="Governor of Victoria">governor of Victoria</a>. He was selected in July 1900, returning to Australia shortly before the inauguration of the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January 1901. After the initial confusion of the <a href="/wiki/Hopetoun_Blunder" title="Hopetoun Blunder">Hopetoun Blunder</a>, he appointed the first <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Australia">prime minister of Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton">Edmund Barton</a>, to a caretaker government, with the <a href="/wiki/1901_Australian_federal_election" title="1901 Australian federal election">inaugural 1901 federal election</a> not occurring until March. </p><p>Early governors-general were British and were appointed by the king on the recommendation of the <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Colonial Office</a>. The Australian government was merely asked, as a matter of courtesy, whether they approved of the choice or not. Governors-general were expected to exercise a supervisory role over the Australian government in the manner of a colonial governor. In a very real sense, they represented the British government. They had the right to reserve legislation passed by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-s58_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s58-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in effect, to ask the <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Office" title="Colonial Office">Colonial Office</a> in London for an opinion before giving the <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a>. They exercised this power several times. The monarch, acting upon advice of the British government, could also disallow any Australian legislation up to a year after the governor-general had given it the assent;<sup id="cite_ref-s59_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s59-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although this power has never been used. These powers remain in section 59 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">Constitution of Australia</a>, but today are regarded as dead letters.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The early governors-general frequently sought advice on the exercise of their powers from judges of the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court of Australia</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Griffith" title="Samuel Griffith">Samuel Griffith</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton">Edmund Barton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1919, prime minister <a href="/wiki/Billy_Hughes" title="Billy Hughes">Billy Hughes</a> sent a memorandum to the Colonial Office in which he requested "a real and effective voice in the selection of the King's representative". He further proposed that the <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">Dominions</a> be able to nominate their own candidates and that "the field of selection should not exclude citizens of the Dominion itself".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunneen1983151_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECunneen1983151-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The memorandum met with strong opposition within the Colonial Office and was dismissed by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Milner,_1st_Viscount_Milner" title="Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner">Lord Milner</a>, the Colonial Secretary; no response was given. The following year, as <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Munro_Ferguson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronald Munro Ferguson">Ronald Munro Ferguson</a>'s term was about to expire, Hughes cabled the Colonial Office and asked that the appointment be made in accordance with the memorandum. To mollify Hughes, Milner offered him a choice between three candidates. After consulting his cabinet he chose <a href="/wiki/Henry_Forster,_1st_Baron_Forster" title="Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster">Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunneen1983152_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECunneen1983152-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1925, under prime minister <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Bruce" title="Stanley Bruce">Stanley Bruce</a>, the same practice was followed for the appointment of Forster's successor <a href="/wiki/John_Baird,_1st_Viscount_Stonehaven" title="John Baird, 1st Viscount Stonehaven">John Baird, 1st Viscount Stonehaven</a>, with the Australian government publicly stating that his name "had been submitted, with others, to the Commonwealth ministry, who had selected him".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunneen1983164_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECunneen1983164-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1920s, the importance of the position declined. As a result of decisions made at the <a href="/wiki/1926_Imperial_Conference" title="1926 Imperial Conference">1926 Imperial Conference</a>, the governor-general ceased to represent the British government diplomatically, and the British right of supervision over Australian affairs was abolished. As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration_of_1926" title="Balfour Declaration of 1926">Balfour Declaration of 1926</a>, which declared that the UK and the Dominions to be "autonomous Communities within the British Empire, equal in status, in no way subordinate one to another", the declaration further stated: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>the Governor-General of a Dominion is the representative of the Crown, holding in all essential respects the same position in relation to the administration of public affairs in the Dominion as is held by His Majesty the King in Great Britain, and that he is not the representative or agent of His Majesty's Government in Great Britain or of any Department of that Government.</p></blockquote> <p>However, it remained unclear just whose prerogative it now became to decide who new governors-general would be. In 1930, King <a href="/wiki/George_V" title="George V">George V</a> and the Australian prime minister <a href="/wiki/James_Scullin" title="James Scullin">James Scullin</a> discussed the appointment of a new governor-general to replace Lord Stonehaven, whose term was coming to an end. The King maintained that it was now his sole prerogative to choose a governor-general, and he wanted Field-Marshal Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Birdwood,_1st_Baron_Birdwood" class="mw-redirect" title="William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood">William Birdwood</a> for the Australian post. Scullin recommended the Australian jurist Sir <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Isaacs" title="Isaac Isaacs">Isaac Isaacs</a>, and he insisted that George V act on the advice of his Australian prime minister in this matter. Scullin was partially influenced by the precedent set by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of the Irish Free State">government of the Irish Free State</a>, which always insisted upon having an Irishman as the <a href="/wiki/Governor-general_of_the_Irish_Free_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor-general of the Irish Free State">governor-general of the Irish Free State</a>. </p><p>Scullin's proposed appointment of Sir Isaac Isaacs was fiercely opposed by the British government. This was not because of any lack of regard for Isaacs personally, but because the British government considered that the choice of governors-general was, since the <a href="/wiki/1926_Imperial_Conference" title="1926 Imperial Conference">1926 Imperial Conference</a>, a matter for the monarch's decision alone. (However, it became very clear in a conversation between Scullin and King George V's private secretary, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bigge,_1st_Baron_Stamfordham" title="Arthur Bigge, 1st Baron Stamfordham">Lord Stamfordham</a>, on 11 November 1930, that this was merely the official reason for the objection, with the real reason being that an Australian, no matter how highly regarded personally, was not considered appropriate to be a governor-general.) Scullin was equally insistent that the monarch must act on the relevant prime minister's direct advice (the practice until 1926 was that Dominion prime ministers advised the monarch indirectly, through the British government, which effectively had a veto over any proposal it did not agree with). Scullin cited the precedents of the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Africa" title="Prime Minister of South Africa">prime minister of South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._B._M._Hertzog" title="J. B. M. Hertzog">J. B. M. Hertzog</a>, who had recently insisted on his choice of <a href="/wiki/George_Villiers,_6th_Earl_of_Clarendon" title="George Villiers, 6th Earl of Clarendon">George Villiers, 6th Earl of Clarendon</a> as <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_South_Africa" title="Governor-General of South Africa">governor-general of that country</a>, and the selection of an Irishman as governor-general of the Irish Free State. Both of these appointments had been agreed to despite British government objections. </p><p>Despite these precedents, George V remained reluctant to accept Scullin's recommendation of Isaacs and asked him to consider Birdwood. However, Scullin stood firm, saying he would be prepared to fight a general election on the issue of whether an Australian should be prevented from becoming governor-general because he was Australian. On 29 November, the King agreed to Isaacs's appointment, but made it clear that he did so only because he felt he had no option.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lord Stamfordham had complained that Scullin had "put a gun to the King's head". </p><p>The usual wording of official announcements of this nature read "The King has been pleased to appoint ...", but on this occasion the announcement said merely "The King has appointed ...", and Lord Stamfordham asked the Australian solicitor-general, Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Garran" title="Robert Garran">Robert Garran</a>, to make sure that Scullin was aware of the exact wording.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opposition <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist Party of Australia">Nationalist Party of Australia</a> denounced the appointment as "practically republican", but Scullin had set a precedent. The convention gradually became established throughout the <a href="/wiki/British_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="British Commonwealth">British Commonwealth</a> that the governor-general is a citizen of the country concerned, and is appointed on the advice of the government of that country. </p><p>At the same time as the appointment of Isaacs as the first Australian-born governor-general, a separate role of British Representative in Australia (as the representative of the British government) was established, with <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Crutchley" title="Ernest Crutchley">Ernest Crutchley</a> the first appointee. 1935 saw the appointment of the first <a href="/wiki/List_of_High_Commissioners_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Australia">British High Commissioner to Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Whiskard" title="Geoffrey Whiskard">Geoffrey Whiskard</a> (in office 1936–1941). </p><p>This right not only to advise the monarch directly, but also to expect that advice to be accepted, was soon taken up by all the other Dominion prime ministers. This, among other things, led to the <i><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_1931" title="Statute of Westminster 1931">Statute of Westminster 1931</a></i> and to the formal separation of the Crowns of the Dominions. </p><p>After Scullin's defeat in <a href="/wiki/1931_Australian_federal_election" title="1931 Australian federal election">1931</a>, non-<a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor</a> governments continued to recommend British people for appointment as governor-general, but such appointments remained solely a matter between the Australian government and the monarch. In 1947, Labor appointed a second Australian governor-general, <a href="/wiki/William_McKell" title="William McKell">William McKell</a>, who was in office as the Labor <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_New_South_Wales" title="Premier of New South Wales">premier of New South Wales</a>. The then leader of the Opposition, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Menzies" title="Robert Menzies">Robert Menzies</a>, called McKell's appointment "shocking and humiliating".<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1965 the Menzies conservative government appointed an Australian, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Casey,_Baron_Casey" title="Richard Casey, Baron Casey">Lord Casey</a>, and thereafter only Australians have held the position. However, when the <a href="/wiki/Palace_papers" class="mw-redirect" title="Palace papers">Palace papers</a> were released in 2020, it was revealed that the <a href="/wiki/Fraser_government" title="Fraser government">Fraser government</a> in 1976 considered it "highly desirable" that <a href="/wiki/Prince_Charles" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Charles">Prince Charles</a> become governor-general; however the Queen strongly indicated her disapproval of her son taking up the role until "such time as he has a settled married life".<sup id="cite_ref-:11_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, in 2007 media outlets reported that <a href="/wiki/Prince_William" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince William">Prince William</a> might become governor-general of Australia. However, both the prime minister, <a href="/wiki/John_Howard" title="John Howard">John Howard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Clarence_House" title="Clarence House">Clarence House</a> repudiated the suggestion.<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Backgrounds_of_governors-general">Backgrounds of governors-general</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Backgrounds of governors-general"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All the governors-general until 1965 were British-born, except for Australian-born Sir <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Isaacs" title="Isaac Isaacs">Isaac Isaacs</a> (1931–1936) and Sir <a href="/wiki/William_McKell" title="William McKell">William McKell</a> (1947–1953). They included six <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">barons</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Viscount" title="Viscount">viscounts</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Earl" title="Earl">earls</a>, and one <a href="/wiki/British_prince" title="British prince">prince</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been only Australian occupants since then, although Sir <a href="/wiki/Ninian_Stephen" title="Ninian Stephen">Ninian Stephen</a> (1982–1989) had been born in Britain. <a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester">Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester</a>, was a senior member of the royal family. Dame <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Bryce" title="Quentin Bryce">Quentin Bryce</a> (2008–2014) was the first woman to be appointed to the office. Sir Isaac Isaacs and Sir <a href="/wiki/Zelman_Cowen" title="Zelman Cowen">Zelman Cowen</a> were <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hayden" title="Bill Hayden">Bill Hayden</a> was an avowed <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheist</a><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during his term and he made an <a href="/wiki/Affirmation_(law)" title="Affirmation (law)">affirmation</a> rather than swear an oath at the beginning of his commission; the remaining governors-general have been Christian.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Various governors-general had previously served as governors of an Australian state or colony: <a href="/wiki/John_Hope,_1st_Marquess_of_Linlithgow" class="mw-redirect" title="John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow">John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun</a> (Victoria 1889–1895); <a href="/wiki/Hallam_Tennyson,_2nd_Baron_Tennyson" title="Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson">Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson</a> (South Australia 1899–1902); <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hore-Ruthven,_1st_Earl_of_Gowrie" title="Alexander Hore-Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie">Alexander Hore-Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie</a> (South Australia 1928–34; and New South Wales 1935–1936); Major General <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jeffery_(Australian_Army_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Jeffery (Australian Army officer)">Michael Jeffery</a> (Western Australia 1993–2000); Dame Quentin Bryce (Queensland 2003–2008); General <a href="/wiki/David_Hurley" title="David Hurley">David Hurley</a> (New South Wales 2014–2019). Sir <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Munro_Ferguson,_1st_Viscount_Novar" title="Ronald Munro Ferguson, 1st Viscount Novar">Ronald Munro Ferguson</a> had been offered the governorship of South Australia in 1895 and of Victoria in 1910, but refused both appointments. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Northcote,_1st_Baron_Northcote" title="Henry Northcote, 1st Baron Northcote">Henry Northcote, 1st Baron Northcote</a> was <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Bombay">governor of Bombay</a>. Lord Casey was <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bengal" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Bengal">governor of Bengal</a> in between his periods of service to the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Commonwealth Parliament</a>. </p><p>Former leading politicians and members of the judiciary have figured prominently. <a href="/wiki/William_Ward,_2nd_Earl_of_Dudley" title="William Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley">William Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley</a> was <a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Ireland" title="Lord Lieutenant of Ireland">Lord Lieutenant of Ireland</a> (1902–1905). <a href="/wiki/John_Baird,_1st_Viscount_Stonehaven" title="John Baird, 1st Viscount Stonehaven">John Baird, 1st Viscount Stonehaven</a> (as John Baird) was minister for Transport in the cabinets of <a href="/wiki/Bonar_Law" title="Bonar Law">Bonar Law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baldwin" title="Stanley Baldwin">Stanley Baldwin</a>; and after his return to Britain he became chairman of the UK <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a>. Sir Isaac Isaacs was successively Commonwealth attorney-general, a High Court judge, and chief justice. Sir William McKell was premier of New South Wales. <a href="/wiki/William_Morrison,_1st_Viscount_Dunrossil" title="William Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil">William Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil</a> (as William Morrison) was <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker of the UK House of Commons</a>. <a href="/wiki/William_Sidney,_1st_Viscount_De_L%27Isle" title="William Sidney, 1st Viscount De L'Isle">William Sidney, 1st Viscount De L'Isle</a> was <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Air" title="Secretary of State for Air">secretary of State for Air</a> in <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>'s cabinet from 1951 to 1955. More recent governors-general in this category include Lord Casey, Sir <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hasluck" title="Paul Hasluck">Paul Hasluck</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Kerr_(governor-general)" title="John Kerr (governor-general)">John Kerr</a>, Sir Ninian Stephen, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hayden" title="Bill Hayden">Bill Hayden</a> and Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Deane" title="William Deane">William Deane</a>. </p><p>Of the eleven Australians appointed governor-general since 1965, Lord Casey, Sir Paul Hasluck and Bill Hayden were former federal <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">parliamentarians</a>; Sir John Kerr was the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice">chief justice</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_New_South_Wales" title="Supreme Court of New South Wales">Supreme Court of New South Wales</a>; Sir Ninian Stephen and Sir William Deane were appointed from the bench of the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court</a>; Sir Zelman Cowen was a <a href="/wiki/Vice-Chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-Chancellor">vice-chancellor</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Queensland" title="University of Queensland">University of Queensland</a> and constitutional lawyer; <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hollingworth" title="Peter Hollingworth">Peter Hollingworth</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Australia" title="Anglican Church of Australia">Anglican</a> <a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>; and Major General Michael Jeffery was a retired <a href="/wiki/Officer_(armed_forces)" title="Officer (armed forces)">military officer</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Western_Australia" title="Governor of Western Australia">governor of Western Australia</a>. Quentin Bryce's appointment was announced during her term as <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Queensland" title="Governor of Queensland">governor of Queensland</a>; she had previously been the Federal <a href="/wiki/Sex_Discrimination_Commissioner" title="Sex Discrimination Commissioner">Sex Discrimination Commissioner</a>. General David Hurley was a retired <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Defence_Force_(Australia)" title="Chief of the Defence Force (Australia)">chief of Defence Force</a> and former governor of New South Wales. </p><p>Significant post-retirement activities of earlier governors-general have included: Lord Tennyson was appointed <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_the_Isle_of_Wight" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of the Isle of Wight">deputy governor of the Isle of Wight</a>; Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson (by now Lord Novar) became <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Scotland" title="Secretary of State for Scotland">secretary of State for Scotland</a>; and Lord Gowrie became chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Marylebone_Cricket_Club" title="Marylebone Cricket Club">Marylebone Cricket Club</a> (<a href="/wiki/Henry_Forster,_1st_Baron_Forster" title="Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster">Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster</a> had also held this post, before his appointment as governor-general). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline_of_governors-general">Timeline of governors-general</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Timeline of governors-general"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_Australia" title="List of governors-general of Australia">List of governors-general of Australia</a>.</div> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_1eh2vmro4u6xxm0rp1g564kvegp0nuf"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Sam_Mostyn" coords="1278,342,1370,363" title="Sam Mostyn" alt="Sam Mostyn" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/David_Hurley" coords="1274,330,1377,350" title="David Hurley" alt="David Hurley" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Peter_Cosgrove" coords="1223,317,1360,338" title="Peter Cosgrove" alt="Peter Cosgrove" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Quentin_Bryce" coords="1170,304,1306,325" title="Quentin Bryce" alt="Quentin Bryce" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Michael_Jeffery" coords="1114,292,1233,313" title="Michael Jeffery" alt="Michael Jeffery" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Peter_Hollingworth" coords="1062,279,1198,300" title="Peter Hollingworth" alt="Peter Hollingworth" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/William_Deane" coords="1041,267,1171,288" title="William Deane" alt="William Deane" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Bill_Hayden" coords="986,254,1083,275" title="Bill Hayden" alt="Bill Hayden" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Ninian_Stephen" coords="915,242,1051,262" title="Ninian Stephen" alt="Ninian Stephen" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Zelman_Cowen" coords="848,229,973,250" title="Zelman Cowen" alt="Zelman Cowen" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/John_Kerr_(governor%2Dgeneral)" coords="801,217,910,237" title="John Kerr (governor-general)" alt="John Kerr (governor-general)" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Paul_Hasluck" coords="767,204,892,225" title="Paul Hasluck" alt="Paul Hasluck" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Richard_Casey%2C_Baron_Casey" coords="714,192,805,212" title="Richard Casey, Baron Casey" alt="Richard Casey, Baron Casey" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/William_Sidney%2C_1st_Viscount_De_L%27Isle" coords="673,179,787,200" title="William Sidney, 1st Viscount De L'Isle" alt="William Sidney, 1st Viscount De L'Isle" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/William_Morrison%2C_1st_Viscount_Dunrossil" coords="635,167,749,187" title="William Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil" alt="William Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/William_Slim%2C_1st_Viscount_Slim" coords="620,154,745,175" title="William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim" alt="William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/William_McKell" coords="551,141,688,162" title="William McKell" alt="William McKell" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Prince_Henry%2C_Duke_of_Gloucester" coords="489,129,647,150" title="Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester" alt="Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Alexander_Hore%2DRuthven%2C_1st_Earl_of_Gowrie" coords="467,116,565,137" title="Alexander Hore-Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie" alt="Alexander Hore-Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Isaac_Isaacs" coords="376,104,501,125" title="Isaac Isaacs" alt="Isaac Isaacs" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/John_Baird%2C_1st_Viscount_Stonehaven" coords="325,91,444,112" title="John Baird, 1st Viscount Stonehaven" alt="John Baird, 1st Viscount Stonehaven" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Henry_Forster%2C_1st_Baron_Forster" coords="271,79,374,99" title="Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster" alt="Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Ronald_Munro_Ferguson%2C_1st_Viscount_Novar" coords="220,66,395,87" title="Ronald Munro Ferguson, 1st Viscount Novar" alt="Ronald Munro Ferguson, 1st Viscount Novar" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Thomas_Denman%2C_3rd_Baron_Denman" coords="156,54,253,74" title="Thomas Denman, 3rd Baron Denman" alt="Thomas Denman, 3rd Baron Denman" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/William_Humble_Ward%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Dudley" coords="127,41,224,62" title="William Humble Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley" alt="William Humble Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Henry_Northcote%2C_1st_Baron_Northcote" coords="98,29,212,49" title="Henry Northcote, 1st Baron Northcote" alt="Henry Northcote, 1st Baron Northcote" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Hallam_Tennyson%2C_2nd_Baron_Tennyson" coords="51,16,159,37" title="Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson" alt="Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/John_Hope%2C_1st_Marquess_of_Linlithgow" coords="40,4,149,24" title="John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow" alt="John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_1eh2vmro4u6xxm0rp1g564kvegp0nuf" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/1eh2vmro4u6xxm0rp1g564kvegp0nuf.png" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia" title="History of Australia">History of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Australia" title="Constitutional history of Australia">Constitutional history of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_II_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Chapter II of the Constitution of Australia">Chapter II of the Constitution of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governors_of_the_Australian_states" title="Governors of the Australian states">Governors of the Australian states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceregal_consort_of_Australia" title="Viceregal consort of Australia">Viceregal consort of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_the_governors-general_of_Australia" title="Armorial of the governors-general of Australia">Armorial of the governors-general of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force_VIP_aircraft" title="Royal Australian Air Force VIP aircraft">Royal Australian Air Force VIP aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-general" title="Governor-general">Governor-general</a> (links to other countries which have governors-general)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_VIP_transport" title="Australian VIP transport">Australian VIP transport</a></li> <li>Musical composition <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Earls_March_TURNER.ogg">Earl's March</a> written by Australian author <a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Turner" title="Walter J. Turner">Walter J. Turner</a> in 1889 dedicated to Adrian Hope, while in office.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Formally the <b>Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia</b>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">All but one have also been Australian born, with the exception of Sir <a href="/wiki/Ninian_Stephen" title="Ninian Stephen">Ninian Stephen</a>, who arrived in Australia as a teenager.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For instance, during the <a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Australian_parliamentary_eligibility_crisis" title="2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis">2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis</a>, Governor-General <a href="/wiki/Sir_Peter_Cosgrove" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Peter Cosgrove">Sir Peter Cosgrove</a> indicated to Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Turnbull" title="Malcolm Turnbull">Malcolm Turnbull</a> that he would have refused to prorogue the parliament had he been asked while the resolution of by-elections was to be determined.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PEOGG-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PEOGG_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PEOGG_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/parliament-and-its-people/people-in-parliament/governor-general">"Governor-General"</a>. <i>Parliamentary Education Office</i>. 10 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Education+Office&rft.atitle=Governor-General&rft.date=2023-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeo.gov.au%2Funderstand-our-parliament%2Fparliament-and-its-people%2Fpeople-in-parliament%2Fgovernor-general&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foundingdocs.gov.au/item-did-13.html">"Letters Patent constituting the office of Governor-General 29 October 1900 (UK)"</a>. <i>Documenting a Democracy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Documenting+a+Democracy&rft.atitle=Letters+Patent+constituting+the+office+of+Governor-General+29+October+1900+%28UK%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foundingdocs.gov.au%2Fitem-did-13.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Governor-General Act 1974</i> (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ga1974182/s3.html">s 3</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GGSrole-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GGSrole_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GGSrole_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gg.gov.au/about-governor-general/role-governor-general">"The role of the Governor-General"</a>. <i>The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240105073127/https://www.gg.gov.au/about-governor-general/role-governor-general">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Governor-General+of+the+Commonwealth+of+Australia&rft.atitle=The+role+of+the+Governor-General&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gg.gov.au%2Fabout-governor-general%2Frole-governor-general&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2018" class="citation news cs1">Wright, Shane (31 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/governor-general-pleads-for-more-cash-to-do-his-job-after-budget-blowout-20181230-p50ot0.html">"Governor-General pleads for more cash to do his job after budget blowout"</a>. <i>Sydney Morning Herald</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181230171317/https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/governor-general-pleads-for-more-cash-to-do-his-job-after-budget-blowout-20181230-p50ot0.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Governor-General+pleads+for+more+cash+to+do+his+job+after+budget+blowout&rft.date=2018-12-31&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Shane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal%2Fgovernor-general-pleads-for-more-cash-to-do-his-job-after-budget-blowout-20181230-p50ot0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/your-questions-on-notice">"How is the governor-general appointed and what is their role?"</a>. <i>Parliamentary Education Office</i>. 14 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Education+Office&rft.atitle=How+is+the+governor-general+appointed+and+what+is+their+role%3F&rft.date=2023-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeo.gov.au%2Funderstand-our-parliament%2Fyour-questions-on-notice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HoR_Practice-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HoR_Practice_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HoR_Practice_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HoR_Practice_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElder2018" class="citation book cs1">Elder, D. R. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/House_of_Representatives/Powers_practice_and_procedure/Practice7/HTML/Chapter1/Governor-General">"Governor-General"</a>. In Elder, D R; Fowler, P E (eds.). <i>House of Representative Practice</i> (7th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, Australia: Department of the House of Representatives. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74366-654-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74366-654-8"><bdi>978-1-74366-654-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Governor-General&rft.btitle=House+of+Representative+Practice&rft.place=Canberra%2C+Australia&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Department+of+the+House+of+Representatives&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-74366-654-8&rft.aulast=Elder&rft.aufirst=D.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2FAbout_Parliament%2FHouse_of_Representatives%2FPowers_practice_and_procedure%2FPractice7%2FHTML%2FChapter1%2FGovernor-General&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbanese2024" class="citation web cs1">Albanese, Anthony (3 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pm.gov.au/media/australias-new-governor-general">"Australia's new Governor-General"</a>. <i>Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Anthony+Albanese+announces+Samantha+Mostyn+as+Australia%27s+next+governor-general&rft.date=2024-04-03&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Tessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2024-04-03%2Fsamantha-mostyn-will-be-australias-next-governor-general%2F103661250&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2024/apr/03/samantha-mostyn-sam-governor-general-australia">"Sam Mostyn announced as next governor general of Australia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Associated_Press" title="Australian Associated Press">Australian Associated Press</a></i>. 3 April 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240403083908/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2024/apr/03/samantha-mostyn-sam-governor-general-australia">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Federal Register id: C2019G00563. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240115045923/https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2019G00563/latest/text">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Register+of+Legislation&rft.atitle=Governor-General%27s+Commission&rft.date=2019-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.au%2FC2019G00563%2Flatest%2Ftext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPyke2020" class="citation book cs1">Pyke, John (2020). <i>Government powers under a Federal Constitution: constitutional law in Australia</i> (2nd ed.). 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Australian Associated Press. 2 February 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180824135055/https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/feb/03/peter-hollingworth-apologises-for-poor-handling-of-sex-abuse-complaint">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Peter+Hollingworth+apologises+for+poor+handling+of+sex+abuse+complaint&rft.date=2016-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2016%2Ffeb%2F03%2Fpeter-hollingworth-apologises-for-poor-handling-of-sex-abuse-complaint&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Australian Constitution</i> (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www8.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/xx4.html">s 4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTwomey2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Twomey_(academic)" title="Anne Twomey (academic)">Twomey, Anne</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chameleoncrownqu0000twom"><i>The Chameleon Crown: The Queen and her Australian Governors</i></a>. Annandale, NSW: Federation Press. pp. 62–8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86287-629-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86287-629-3"><bdi>978-1-86287-629-3</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chameleon+Crown%3A+The+Queen+and+her+Australian+Governors&rft.place=Annandale%2C+NSW&rft.pages=62-8&rft.pub=Federation+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-86287-629-3&rft.aulast=Twomey&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchameleoncrownqu0000twom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/102077013">"McMahon 'in Casey row'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canberra_Times" title="The Canberra Times">The Canberra Times</a></i>. 4 April 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180406040637/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/102077013">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Canberra+Times&rft.atitle=McMahon+%27in+Casey+row%27&rft.date=1988-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F102077013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Australian Constitution</i> (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/xx1.html">s 1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElderFowler2018" class="citation book cs1">Elder, D R; Fowler, P E, eds. (June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/House_of_Representatives/Powers_practice_and_procedure/Practice7/HTML/Chapter1/Powers_and_Functions_of_the_Governor-General">"Powers and functions of the Governor-General"</a>. <i>House of Representatives Practice</i> (7th ed.). Department of the House of Representatives. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74366-654-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74366-654-8"><bdi>978-1-74366-654-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Powers+and+functions+of+the+Governor-General&rft.btitle=House+of+Representatives+Practice&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Department+of+the+House+of+Representatives&rft.date=2018-06&rft.isbn=978-1-74366-654-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2FAbout_Parliament%2FHouse_of_Representatives%2FPowers_practice_and_procedure%2FPractice7%2FHTML%2FChapter1%2FPowers_and_Functions_of_the_Governor-General&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Australian Constitution</i> (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdb/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/xx5.html">s 5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s32-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-s32_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Australian Constitution</i> (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/s32.html">s 32</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s57-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-s57_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Australian Constitution</i> (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/s57.html">s 57</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s58-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-s58_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s58_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s58_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s58_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s58_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s58_28-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Australian Constitution</i> (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/s58.html">s 58</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s42-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-s42_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Australian Constitution</i> (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/s42.html">s 42</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Australian Constitution</i> (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/sch1.html">sch</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElder2018" class="citation book cs1">Elder, D. R. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/House_of_Representatives/Powers_practice_and_procedure/Practice7/HTML/Chapter7/A_Parliament">"A Parliament"</a>. In Elder, D R; Fowler, P E (eds.). <i>House of Representative Practice</i> (7th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, Australia: Department of the House of Representatives. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74366-654-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74366-654-8"><bdi>978-1-74366-654-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Parliament&rft.btitle=House+of+Representative+Practice&rft.place=Canberra%2C+Australia&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Department+of+the+House+of+Representatives&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-74366-654-8&rft.aulast=Elder&rft.aufirst=D.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2FAbout_Parliament%2FHouse_of_Representatives%2FPowers_practice_and_procedure%2FPractice7%2FHTML%2FChapter7%2FA_Parliament&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/how-parliament-works/bills-and-laws/law-making">"Law-making"</a>. <i>Parliamentary Education Office</i>. 14 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Education+Office&rft.atitle=Law-making&rft.date=2023-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeo.gov.au%2Funderstand-our-parliament%2Fhow-parliament-works%2Fbills-and-laws%2Flaw-making&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTwomey2019" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Twomey_(academic)" title="Anne Twomey (academic)">Twomey, Anne</a> (29 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/why-a-government-would-be-mad-to-advise-the-refusal-of-royal-assent-to-a-bill-passed-against-its-will-110501">"Why a government would be mad to advise the refusal of royal assent to a bill passed against its will"</a>. <i>The Conversation</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Why+a+government+would+be+mad+to+advise+the+refusal+of+royal+assent+to+a+bill+passed+against+its+will&rft.date=2019-01-29&rft.aulast=Twomey&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fwhy-a-government-would-be-mad-to-advise-the-refusal-of-royal-assent-to-a-bill-passed-against-its-will-110501&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2008" class="citation journal cs1">Taylor, Greg (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www8.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/journals/FedLawRw/2008/4.html">"Refusals of Assent to Bills Passed by Parliament in Germany and Australia"</a>. <i>Federal Law Review</i>. <b>36</b>: 83–116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22145%2Fflr.36.1.4">10.22145/flr.36.1.4</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220296964">220296964</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Austlii" class="mw-redirect" title="Austlii">Austlii</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Federal+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Refusals+of+Assent+to+Bills+Passed+by+Parliament+in+Germany+and+Australia&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=83-116&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22145%2Fflr.36.1.4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220296964%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Greg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww8.austlii.edu.au%2Fcgi-bin%2Fviewdoc%2Fau%2Fjournals%2FFedLawRw%2F2008%2F4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2016976825/view"><i>Final report of the Constitutional Commission</i></a>. 1988. pp. 72–3, 82–3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-644-06897-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-644-06897-3"><bdi>0-644-06897-3</bdi></a> – via Trove.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Final+report+of+the+Constitutional+Commission&rft.pages=72-3%2C+82-3&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-644-06897-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.obj-2016976825%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s59-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-s59_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-s59_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Australian Constitution</i> (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/s59.html">s 59</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElderFowler2018" class="citation book cs1">Elder, D R; Fowler, P E, eds. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/House_of_Representatives/Powers_practice_and_procedure/Practice7/HTML/Chapter10/Presentation_of_bills_for_assent">"Presentation of bills for assent"</a>. <i>House of Representative Practice</i> (7th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, Australia: Department of the House of Representatives. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74366-654-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74366-654-8"><bdi>978-1-74366-654-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Presentation+of+bills+for+assent&rft.btitle=House+of+Representative+Practice&rft.place=Canberra%2C+Australia&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Department+of+the+House+of+Representatives&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-74366-654-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2FAbout_Parliament%2FHouse_of_Representatives%2FPowers_practice_and_procedure%2FPractice7%2FHTML%2FChapter10%2FPresentation_of_bills_for_assent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-s61-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-s61_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Australian Constitution</i> (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/s61.html">s 61</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pmc.gov.au/resources/federal-executive-council-handbook-2021"><i>Federal Executive Council Handbook 2021</i></a>. Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. 2021. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-925364-53-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-925364-53-8"><bdi>978-1-925364-53-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Federal+Executive+Council+Handbook+2021&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Department+of+the+Prime+Minister+and+Cabinet&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-925364-53-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pmc.gov.au%2Fresources%2Ffederal-executive-council-handbook-2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElderFowler2018" class="citation book cs1">Elder, D R; Fowler, P E, eds. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/House_of_Representatives/Powers_practice_and_procedure/Practice7/HTML/Chapter2/Federal_Executive_Council">"Federal Executive Council"</a>. <i>House of Representative Practice</i> (7th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, Australia: Department of the House of Representatives. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74366-654-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74366-654-8"><bdi>978-1-74366-654-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Federal+Executive+Council&rft.btitle=House+of+Representative+Practice&rft.place=Canberra%2C+Australia&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Department+of+the+House+of+Representatives&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-74366-654-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2FAbout_Parliament%2FHouse_of_Representatives%2FPowers_practice_and_procedure%2FPractice7%2FHTML%2FChapter2%2FFederal_Executive_Council&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/parliament-and-its-people/government/cabinet">"Cabinet"</a>. <i>Parliamentary Education Office</i>. 10 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Education+Office&rft.atitle=Cabinet&rft.date=2023-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeo.gov.au%2Funderstand-our-parliament%2Fparliament-and-its-people%2Fgovernment%2Fcabinet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-emergdec-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-emergdec_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcPhee2020" class="citation web cs1">McPhee, Sarah (17 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news.com.au/national/politics/coronavirus-australia-human-biosecurity-emergency-declared/news-story/cd7fbff78297c076c8bb774595459c59">"Human biosecurity emergency declared in Australia"</a>. <i>NewsComAu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NewsComAu&rft.atitle=Human+biosecurity+emergency+declared+in+Australia&rft.date=2020-03-17&rft.aulast=McPhee&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fnational%2Fpolitics%2Fcoronavirus-australia-human-biosecurity-emergency-declared%2Fnews-story%2Fcd7fbff78297c076c8bb774595459c59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-decl-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-decl_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nswbar.asn.au/uploads/pdf-documents/biosecurity_emergency.pdf">"Biosecurity (Human Biosecurity Emergency) (Human Coronavirus with Pandemic Potential) Declaration2020"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Commonwealth of Australia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200329074727/https://nswbar.asn.au/uploads/pdf-documents/biosecurity_emergency.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 29 March 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biosecurity+%28Human+Biosecurity+Emergency%29+%28Human+Coronavirus+with+Pandemic+Potential%29+Declaration2020&rft.pub=Commonwealth+of+Australia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnswbar.asn.au%2Fuploads%2Fpdf-documents%2Fbiosecurity_emergency.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>FAI Insurances Ltd v Winneke</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1982/26.html">[1982] HCA 26</a>, (1982) 151 CLR 342, Wilson J para 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyce2008" class="citation book cs1">Boyce, P. J. (2008). <i>The Queen's other realms: the Crown and its legacy in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand</i>. Sydney: Federation Press. pp. 124–30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86287-700-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86287-700-9"><bdi>978-1-86287-700-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Queen%27s+other+realms%3A+the+Crown+and+its+legacy+in+Australia%2C+Canada%2C+and+New+Zealand&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pages=124-30&rft.pub=Federation+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-86287-700-9&rft.aulast=Boyce&rft.aufirst=P.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:5_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/House_of_Representatives/Powers_practice_and_procedure/00_-_Infosheets/Infosheet_20_-_The_Australian_system_of_government">"Infosheet 20 - The Australian System of Government"</a>. <i>Parliament of Australia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliament+of+Australia&rft.atitle=Infosheet+20+-+The+Australian+System+of+Government&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2FAbout_Parliament%2FHouse_of_Representatives%2FPowers_practice_and_procedure%2F00_-_Infosheets%2FInfosheet_20_-_The_Australian_system_of_government&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_47-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowning1998" class="citation web cs1">Downing, Susan (23 January 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/library/prspub/IAR30/upload_binary/iar303.pdf;fileType=application%2Fpdf#search=%22library/prspub/IAR30%22">"The Reserve Powers of the Governor-General"</a>. 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Number 25, 1997–98.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Reserve+Powers+of+the+Governor-General&rft.series=Parliamentary+Library+Research+Note&rft.date=1998-01-23&rft.issn=1328-8016&rft.aulast=Downing&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fparlinfo.aph.gov.au%2FparlInfo%2Fdownload%2Flibrary%2Fprspub%2FIAR30%2Fupload_binary%2Fiar303.pdf%3BfileType%3Dapplication%252Fpdf%23search%3D%2522library%2Fprspub%2FIAR30%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2016976825/view"><i>Final report of the Constitutional Commission</i></a>. 1988. pp. 92–93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-644-06897-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-644-06897-3"><bdi>0-644-06897-3</bdi></a> – via Trove.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Final+report+of+the+Constitutional+Commission&rft.pages=92-93&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-644-06897-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.obj-2016976825%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/your-questions-on-notice">"What are reserve powers?"</a>. <i>Parliamentary Education Office</i>. 14 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Education+Office&rft.atitle=What+are+reserve+powers%3F&rft.date=2023-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeo.gov.au%2Funderstand-our-parliament%2Fyour-questions-on-notice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2016976825/view"><i>Final report of the Constitutional Commission</i></a>. 1988. pp. 326–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-644-06897-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-644-06897-3"><bdi>0-644-06897-3</bdi></a> – via Trove.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Final+report+of+the+Constitutional+Commission&rft.pages=326-7&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-644-06897-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.obj-2016976825%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTwomey2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Twomey_(academic)" title="Anne Twomey (academic)">Twomey, Anne</a> (2018). "Prorogation". <i>The Veiled Sceptre: Reserve Powers of Heads of State in Westminster Systems</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 587–9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-29784-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-29784-5"><bdi>978-1-107-29784-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Prorogation&rft.btitle=The+Veiled+Sceptre%3A+Reserve+Powers+of+Heads+of+State+in+Westminster+Systems&rft.pages=587-9&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-107-29784-5&rft.aulast=Twomey&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurnbull2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Turnbull" title="Malcolm Turnbull">Turnbull, Malcolm</a> (2020). <i>A Bigger Picture</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Australian+politics+explainer%3A+Gough+Whitlam%27s+dismissal+as+prime+minister&rft.date=2017-04-19&rft.aulast=Twomey&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Faustralian-politics-explainer-gough-whitlams-dismissal-as-prime-minister-74148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ruleoflaw.org.au/constitution/reserve-powers-and-the-whitlam-dismissal/">"Reserve Powers and the Whitlam dismissal"</a>. <i>Rule of Law Education Centre</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Sydney, NSW: <a href="/wiki/Angus_%26_Robertson" title="Angus & Robertson">Angus & Robertson</a>. p. 700. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9596568-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-9596568-0-4"><bdi>0-9596568-0-4</bdi></a> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annotated+Constitution+of+the+Australian+Commonwealth&rft.place=Sydney%2C+NSW&rft.pages=700&rft.pub=Angus+%26+Robertson&rft.date=1901&rft.isbn=0-9596568-0-4&rft.aulast=Quick&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Garran%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fannotatedconstit00quicuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gg.gov.au/about-governor-general/media/governor-general-attend-coronation-and-undertake-state-visit-greece">"Governor-General to attend Coronation and undertake State Visit to Greece"</a>. <i>Governor-General of the Commomwealth of Australia</i>. 23 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Governor-General+of+the+Commomwealth+of+Australia&rft.atitle=Governor-General+to+attend+Coronation+and+undertake+State+Visit+to+Greece&rft.date=2023-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gg.gov.au%2Fabout-governor-general%2Fmedia%2Fgovernor-general-attend-coronation-and-undertake-state-visit-greece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith96-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-smith96_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smith96_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smith96_59-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1996" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Smith_(public_servant)" title="David Smith (public servant)">Smith, David</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Senate/Powers_practice_n_procedures/~/~/link.aspx?_id=D704CA6CD1B549AF8654FDCFBA383150&_z=z">"An Australian Head of State: An Historical and Contemporary Perspective"</a>. <i>Papers on Parliament</i>. <b>27</b>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Criticism+over+G-G%27s+Africa+tour&rft.date=2009-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnational%2Fcriticism-over-ggs-africa-tour-20090308-8sgk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au/release/transcript-16450">"Governor-General's Visit to Africa"</a>. <i>Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet</i>. 6 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Prime+Minister+and+Cabinet&rft.atitle=Governor-General%27s+Visit+to+Africa&rft.date=2009-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpmtranscripts.pmc.gov.au%2Frelease%2Ftranscript-16450&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:12_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:12_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AUYrBkIntLaw/1989/24.pdf">"Diplomatic and Consular Relations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Australian Year Book of International Law</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Year+Book+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=Diplomatic+and+Consular+Relations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww5.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Fjournals%2FAUYrBkIntLaw%2F1989%2F24.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/corporate/protocol-guidelines/2-heads-of-mission">"2. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Army&rft.atitle=Ranks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.army.gov.au%2Fabout-us%2Franks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Farey_v_Burvett" title="Farey v Burvett">Farey v Burvett</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/1916/36.html">[1916] HCA 36</a>, (1916) 21 CLR 433. "The creation of a state of war and the establishment of peace necessarily reside in the Sovereign himself as the head of the Empire".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenzies" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Menzies" title="Robert Menzies">Menzies, Robert</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nla.gov.au/digital-classroom/year-10/internment-world-war-ii-1939-45/themes/war-europe-again-my-melancholy">"War in Europe Again - 'My Melancholy Duty'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>National Library of Australia</i>. <q>Fellow Australians, ... Great Britain has declared war upon her, and that, as a result, Australia is also at war.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Library+of+Australia&rft.atitle=War+in+Europe+Again+-+%27My+Melancholy+Duty%27&rft.aulast=Menzies&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nla.gov.au%2Fdigital-classroom%2Fyear-10%2Finternment-world-war-ii-1939-45%2Fthemes%2Fwar-europe-again-my-melancholy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2016976825/view"><i>Final report of the Constitutional Commission</i></a>. 1988. p. 342. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-644-06897-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-644-06897-3"><bdi>0-644-06897-3</bdi></a> – via Trove.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Final+report+of+the+Constitutional+Commission&rft.pages=342&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-644-06897-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.obj-2016976825%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNinian_Stephen1983" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ninian_Stephen" title="Ninian Stephen">Ninian Stephen</a> (21 June 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180422113620/http://www.gg.gov.au/about-governor-general/governor-general-commander-chief">"The Governor-General as Commander-in-Chief"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gg.gov.au/about-governor-general/governor-general-commander-chief">the original</a> on 22 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2018</span>. <q>It seems clear that no question of any reserve power lurks within the terms of s.68 and practical considerations make it essential, even were constitutional ones not also to require it, that the Governor-General should have no independent discretion conferred upon him by that section...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Governor-General+as+Commander-in-Chief&rft.date=1983-06-21&rft.au=Ninian+Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gg.gov.au%2Fabout-governor-general%2Fgovernor-general-commander-chief&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalcolm_Fraser_and_Margaret_Simons2011" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Fraser" title="Malcolm Fraser">Malcolm Fraser</a> and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Simons" title="Margaret Simons">Margaret Simons</a> (2011). <i>Malcolm Fraser: The Political Memoirs</i>. The Miegunyah Press. p. 206.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malcolm+Fraser%3A+The+Political+Memoirs&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=The+Miegunyah+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Malcolm+Fraser+and+Margaret+Simons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fraser & Simons (2011), p. 222.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012082612/http://scouts.com.au/main.asp?iStoryID=734">"Chief Scout"</a>. Scouts Australia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scouts.com.au/main.asp?iStoryID=734">the original</a> on 12 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chief+Scout&rft.pub=Scouts+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scouts.com.au%2Fmain.asp%3FiStoryID%3D734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071204004515/http://www.alor.org/Volume25/Vol25No13.htm">"Brief Comments"</a>. <i>On Target from Australia</i>. <b>25</b> (13). Australian League of Rights. 14 April 1989. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alor.org/Volume25/Vol25No13.htm">the original</a> on 4 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 November</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=On+Target+from+Australia&rft.atitle=Brief+Comments&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=13&rft.date=1989-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alor.org%2FVolume25%2FVol25No13.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Australian Constitution</i> (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/xx2.html">s 2</a>. "A Governor-General appointed by the Queen shall be Her Majesty's representative in the Commonwealth, and shall have and may exercise in the Commonwealth during the Queen's pleasure, but subject to this Constitution, such powers and functions of the Queen as her Majesty may be pleased to assign to him."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:13-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:13_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:13_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2016976825/view"><i>Final report of the Constitutional Commission</i></a>. 1988. pp. 341–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-644-06897-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-644-06897-3"><bdi>0-644-06897-3</bdi></a> – via Trove.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Final+report+of+the+Constitutional+Commission&rft.pages=341-6&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-644-06897-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.obj-2016976825%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuickGarran1901" class="citation book cs1">Quick, John; Garran, Robert Randolph (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/annotatedconstit00quicuoft"><i>The Annotated Constitution of the Australian Commonwealth</i></a>. Sydney: Angus & Robertson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140325103029/https://archive.org/details/annotatedconstit00quicuoft">Archived</a> from the original on 25 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Annotated+Constitution+of+the+Australian+Commonwealth&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Angus+%26+Robertson&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Quick&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Garran%2C+Robert+Randolph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fannotatedconstit00quicuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/annotatedconstit00quicuoft">p 390</a> .</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norepublic.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=145&Itemid=48">"Australians for Constitutional Monarchy"</a>. <i>Australians for Constitutional Monarchy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170624190055/http://www.norepublic.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=145&Itemid=48">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australians+for+Constitutional+Monarchy&rft.atitle=Australians+for+Constitutional+Monarchy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.norepublic.com.au%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D145%26Itemid%3D48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2016976825/view"><i>Final report of the Constitutional Commission</i></a>. 1988. p. 343. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-644-06897-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-644-06897-3"><bdi>0-644-06897-3</bdi></a> – via Trove.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Final+report+of+the+Constitutional+Commission&rft.pages=343&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-644-06897-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.obj-2016976825%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-norepublic-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-norepublic_86-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-norepublic_86-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-norepublic_86-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norepublic.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1217&Itemid=25">"Australians for Constitutional Monarchy"</a>. <i>Australians for Constitutional Monarchy</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180408024639/http://www.norepublic.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1217&Itemid=25">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australians+for+Constitutional+Monarchy&rft.atitle=Australians+for+Constitutional+Monarchy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.norepublic.com.au%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26task%3Dview%26id%3D1217%26Itemid%3D25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2016976825/view"><i>Final report of the Constitutional Commission</i></a>. 1988. p. 313. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-644-06897-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-644-06897-3"><bdi>0-644-06897-3</bdi></a> – via Trove.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Final+report+of+the+Constitutional+Commission&rft.pages=313&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-644-06897-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.obj-2016976825%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Office of Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia – Principal – Letters Patent – 21 August 1984, Prerogative Instrument – C2004Q00670</i><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2004Q00670">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063849/https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2004Q00670">Archived</a> 4 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050312031538/http://www.samuelgriffith.org.au/papers/html/volume8/v8chap8.htm">"David Smith, <i>The Role of the Governor-General</i>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samuelgriffith.org.au/papers/html/volume8/v8chap8.htm">the original</a> on 12 March 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2005</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=David+Smith%2C+The+Role+of+the+Governor-General&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samuelgriffith.org.au%2Fpapers%2Fhtml%2Fvolume8%2Fv8chap8.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statement by the Prime Minister to the House of Representatives, Parliamentary Debates, Vol. H of R. 138, 24 August 1984, p. 380. The Prime Minister tabled a copy of the amended letters patent relating to the office of Governor-General, together with the text of a statement relating to the document, but for some unknown reason he did not read the statement to the House, nor did he seek leave to have it incorporated in Hansard. The statement was later issued by the Prime Minister's Press Office.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.samuelgriffith.org.au/papers/html/volume8/v8chap8.htm#FOOTNOTE_24">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050312031538/http://www.samuelgriffith.org.au/papers/html/volume8/v8chap8.htm#FOOTNOTE_24">Archived</a> 12 March 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080719211832/http://www.gg.gov.au/governorgeneral/content.php?id=24">"Governor General of Australia ~ Government House"</a>. 19 July 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gg.gov.au/governorgeneral/content.php?id=24">the original</a> on 19 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Governor+General+of+Australia+~+Government+House&rft.date=2008-07-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gg.gov.au%2Fgovernorgeneral%2Fcontent.php%3Fid%3D24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gg.gov.au/about-governor-general/governor-generals-official-residences">"The Governor-General's Official residences"</a>. <i>The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Governor-General+of+the+Commonwealth+of+Australia&rft.atitle=The+Governor-General%27s+Official+residences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gg.gov.au%2Fabout-governor-general%2Fgovernor-generals-official-residences&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeman2021" class="citation web cs1">Coleman, James (27 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://the-riotact.com/a-ride-in-australias-most-majestic-taxi-the-governor-generals-rolls-royce/468927">"A ride in Australia's most majestic taxi: the Governor-General's Rolls-Royce"</a>. <i>Riotact</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Riotact&rft.atitle=A+ride+in+Australia%27s+most+majestic+taxi%3A+the+Governor-General%27s+Rolls-Royce&rft.date=2021-06-27&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthe-riotact.com%2Fa-ride-in-australias-most-majestic-taxi-the-governor-generals-rolls-royce%2F468927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2004" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Brown_(cartoonist)" title="Warren Brown (cartoonist)">Brown, Warren</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nfsa.gov.au/collection/curated/vice-regal-rolls-royce">"Vice-Regal Rolls Royce"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Film_and_Sound_Archive" title="National Film and Sound Archive">National Film and Sound Archive</a></i> (Video). Investigating National Treasures with Warren Brown. NFSA Id: 1435553.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Film+and+Sound+Archive&rft.atitle=Vice-Regal+Rolls+Royce&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Warren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfsa.gov.au%2Fcollection%2Fcurated%2Fvice-regal-rolls-royce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Australian Constitution</i> (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www8.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdoc/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/xx3.html">s 3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadden2014" class="citation web cs1">Madden, Cathy (27 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/FlagPost/2014/February/Governor-Generals-salary">"Governor-General's salary"</a>. <i>Parliament of Australia</i>. FlagPost.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliament+of+Australia&rft.atitle=Governor-General%27s+salary&rft.date=2014-02-27&rft.aulast=Madden&rft.aufirst=Cathy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aph.gov.au%2FAbout_Parliament%2FParliamentary_Departments%2FParliamentary_Library%2FFlagPost%2F2014%2FFebruary%2FGovernor-Generals-salary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbanese2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Albanese" title="Anthony Albanese">Albanese, Anthony</a> (1 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22legislation%2Fems%2Fr7184_ems_9ad3b3b2-0ea3-4968-a2e0-5bf75ee1ed41%22">"Governor-General Amendment (Salary) Bill 2024: Explanatory Memoranda"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a></i>. <q>Section 3 of the Constitution provides that the salary of the Governor-General shall not be altered during their continuance in office. The Bill amends the Governor-General Act to change the sum payable for the salary of the Governor-General from $495,000 to $709,017. In line with past practice, the proposed salary is calculated by reference to the estimated average salary of the Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia over the notional five-year term of the appointment of the Governor-General. Where, in the past, a Governor-General has been the recipient of other Commonwealth entitlements - such as a judicial pension - the annual salary has been adjusted accordingly. Ms Mostyn is not a recipient of any such entitlements.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Parliament+of+Australia&rft.atitle=Governor-General+Amendment+%28Salary%29+Bill+2024%3A+Explanatory+Memoranda&rft.date=2024-07-01&rft.aulast=Albanese&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fparlinfo.aph.gov.au%2FparlInfo%2Fsearch%2Fdisplay%2Fdisplay.w3p%3Bquery%3DId%253A%2522legislation%252Fems%252Fr7184_ems_9ad3b3b2-0ea3-4968-a2e0-5bf75ee1ed41%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GGASalary-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GGASalary_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Governor-General Act 1974</i> (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ga1974182/s3.html">s 3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Governor-General Act 1974</i> (Cth) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ga1974182/s4.html">s 4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The pension is 60% of the salary of the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Australia" title="Chief Justice of Australia">chief justice</a> at the end of the governor-general's term.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-QBS-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-QBS_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,23881081-662,00.html">"Herald Sun, 18 June 2008, governor-general Quentin Bryce to get pay rise"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Herald+Sun%2C+18+June+2008%2C+governor-general+Quentin+Bryce+to+get+pay+rise&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fheraldsun%2Fstory%2F0%2C21985%2C23881081-662%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="//archive.org/details/dresswornathisma00trenuoft" class="extiw" title="iarchive:dresswornathisma00trenuoft">Dress worn at His Majesty's court : issued with the authority of the Lord Chamberlain</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160609090532/https://archive.org/details/dresswornathisma00trenuoft">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from the original on 9 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdresswornathisma00trenuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span> (1912), pp. 49, 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_103-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_103-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuddTonkin2020" class="citation news cs1">Judd, Bridget; Tonkin, Leigh (19 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-07-19/palace-letters-here-are-the-letters-you-might-have-missed/12465294">"There was more to the Palace letters than just the Dismissal. Here's what you might have missed"</a>. <i>ABC News (Australia)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News+%28Australia%29&rft.atitle=There+was+more+to+the+Palace+letters+than+just+the+Dismissal.+Here%27s+what+you+might+have+missed&rft.date=2020-07-19&rft.aulast=Judd&rft.aufirst=Bridget&rft.au=Tonkin%2C+Leigh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2020-07-19%2Fpalace-letters-here-are-the-letters-you-might-have-missed%2F12465294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-thehon-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-thehon_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2013G00681">The title 'the Honourable' for Governors-General</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131110135637/http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2013G00681">Archived</a> 10 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Australian Government Special Gazette</i> S No. 54 of 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbott2014" class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Abbott" title="Tony Abbott">Abbott, Tony</a> (25 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140325130621/http://www.pm.gov.au/media/2014-03-25/new-honour-pre-eminent-australians">"A New Honour for Pre-eminent Australians"</a> (Press release). Australian Government: Prime Minister and Cabinet. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pm.gov.au/media/2014-03-25/new-honour-pre-eminent-australians">the original</a> on 25 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+New+Honour+for+Pre-eminent+Australians&rft.pub=Australian+Government%3A+Prime+Minister+and+Cabinet&rft.date=2014-03-25&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pm.gov.au%2Fmedia%2F2014-03-25%2Fnew-honour-pre-eminent-australians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss" class="citation web cs1">Ross, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040619163640/http://members.ozemail.com.au/~natinfo/colony3-3.htm">"Rulers: Regal and Vice-Regal - Governor-Generals"</a>. <i>Colony and Empire</i>. Australian Nationalism Information Database. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://members.ozemail.com.au/~natinfo/colony3-3.htm">the original</a> on 19 June 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2004</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Colony+and+Empire&rft.atitle=Rulers%3A+Regal+and+Vice-Regal+-+Governor-Generals&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmembers.ozemail.com.au%2F~natinfo%2Fcolony3-3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cefa.org.au/ccf/role-queen-and-governor-general-australian-democracy">"The role of the Queen and the Governor-General in Australian democracy"</a>. <i>Constitution Education Fund</i>. 17 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2021</span>. <q>Section 59 has never been used and section 60 has been used ten times. However, both sections ceased to operate in the 1930's when the UK Parliament introduced the Statute of Westminster.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Constitution+Education+Fund&rft.atitle=The+role+of+the+Queen+and+the+Governor-General+in+Australian+democracy&rft.date=2016-07-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cefa.org.au%2Fccf%2Frole-queen-and-governor-general-australian-democracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkwell1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Markwell" title="Donald Markwell">Markwell, Donald</a> (1999). "Griffith, Barton and the Early Governor-Generals: Aspects of Australia's Constitutional Development". <i>Public Law Review</i>. <b>10</b>: 280.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Griffith%2C+Barton+and+the+Early+Governor-Generals%3A+Aspects+of+Australia%27s+Constitutional+Development&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=280&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Markwell&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECunneen1983151-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunneen1983151_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCunneen1983">Cunneen 1983</a>, p. 151.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECunneen1983152-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunneen1983152_110-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCunneen1983">Cunneen 1983</a>, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECunneen1983164-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECunneen1983164_111-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCunneen1983">Cunneen 1983</a>, p. 164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSouter1988" class="citation book cs1">Souter, Gavin (1988). <i>Acts of Parliament</i>. Carlton, Vic: Melbourne U.P. pp. 266–269. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0522843670" title="Special:BookSources/0522843670"><bdi>0522843670</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Acts+of+Parliament&rft.place=Carlton%2C+Vic&rft.pages=266-269&rft.pub=Melbourne+U.P.&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0522843670&rft.aulast=Souter&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gavin Souter, <i>Acts of Parliament</i>, p. 269</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLamont2004" class="citation journal cs1">Lamont, Leonie (11 March 2004). "Signposts". <i>Sydney Morning Herald</i>. <b>37</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Signposts&rft.volume=37&rft.date=2004-03-11&rft.aulast=Lamont&rft.aufirst=Leonie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSquires2007" class="citation news cs1">Squires, Nick (30 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1556101/Australians-reject-role-for-Prince-William.html">"Australians reject role for Prince William"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160920091349/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1556101/Australians-reject-role-for-Prince-William.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Australians+reject+role+for+Prince+William&rft.date=2007-06-30&rft.aulast=Squires&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2F1556101%2FAustralians-reject-role-for-Prince-William.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-11-22/governor-general-quentin-bryce-backs-gay-marriage-republicanism/5112020">"Governor-General Quentin Bryce backs gay marriage, Australia becoming a republic in Boyer Lecture"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. 22 November 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131122110646/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-11-22/governor-general-quentin-bryce-backs-gay-marriage-republicanism/5112020">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Governor-General+Quentin+Bryce+backs+gay+marriage%2C+Australia+becoming+a+republic+in+Boyer+Lecture&rft.date=2013-11-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2013-11-22%2Fgovernor-general-quentin-bryce-backs-gay-marriage-republicanism%2F5112020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilva2018" class="citation news cs1">Silva, Kristian (19 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-09-19/bill-hayden-turns-to-god-at-85-baptism-brisbane/10280724">"Bill Hayden, former Labor leader, turns to God despite atheist past"</a>. <i>ABC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001031655/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-09-19/bill-hayden-turns-to-god-at-85-baptism-brisbane/10280724">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Bill+Hayden%2C+former+Labor+leader%2C+turns+to+God+despite+atheist+past&rft.date=2018-09-19&rft.aulast=Silva&rft.aufirst=Kristian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2018-09-19%2Fbill-hayden-turns-to-god-at-85-baptism-brisbane%2F10280724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyce2008" class="citation book cs1">Boyce, P. J. (2008). <i>The Queen's other realms: the Crown and its legacy in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand</i>. Sydney: Federation Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86287-700-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86287-700-9"><bdi>978-1-86287-700-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Queen%27s+other+realms%3A+the+Crown+and+its+legacy+in+Australia%2C+Canada%2C+and+New+Zealand&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Federation+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-86287-700-9&rft.aulast=Boyce&rft.aufirst=P.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunneen1983" class="citation book cs1">Cunneen, Christopher (1983). <i>King's Men: Australia's Governors-General from Hopetoun to Isaacs</i>. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86861-238-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-86861-238-3"><bdi>0-86861-238-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King%27s+Men%3A+Australia%27s+Governors-General+from+Hopetoun+to+Isaacs&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0-86861-238-3&rft.aulast=Cunneen&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkwell1999" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Markwell" title="Donald Markwell">Markwell, Donald</a> (1999). "Griffith, Barton and the Early Governor-Generals: Aspects of Australia's Constitutional Development". <i>Public Law Review</i>. <b>10</b> (4): 280.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Griffith%2C+Barton+and+the+Early+Governor-Generals%3A+Aspects+of+Australia%27s+Constitutional+Development&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=280&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Markwell&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkwell2016" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Markwell" title="Donald Markwell">Markwell, Donald</a> (2016). <i>Constitutional Conventions and the Headship of State: Australian Experience</i>. Connor Court. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781925501155" title="Special:BookSources/9781925501155"><bdi>9781925501155</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitutional+Conventions+and+the+Headship+of+State%3A+Australian+Experience&rft.pub=Connor+Court&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781925501155&rft.aulast=Markwell&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGovernor-General+of+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Governor-General_of_Australia&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia_%281953%E2%80%932024%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia_%281953%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia_%281953%E2%80%932024%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_the_Governor-General_of_Australia_%281953%E2%80%932024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Hope,_7th_Earl_of_Hopetoun" title="John Hope, 7th Earl of Hopetoun">Hopetoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallam_Tennyson,_2nd_Baron_Tennyson" title="Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson">Tennyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Northcote,_1st_Baron_Northcote" title="Henry Northcote, 1st Baron Northcote">Northcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ward,_2nd_Earl_of_Dudley" title="William Ward, 2nd Earl of Dudley">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Denman,_3rd_Baron_Denman" title="Thomas Denman, 3rd Baron Denman">Denman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Munro_Ferguson,_1st_Viscount_Novar" title="Ronald Munro Ferguson, 1st Viscount Novar">Munro Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Forster,_1st_Baron_Forster" title="Henry Forster, 1st Baron Forster">Forster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Baird,_1st_Viscount_Stonehaven" title="John Baird, 1st Viscount Stonehaven">Stonehaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Isaacs" title="Isaac Isaacs">Isaacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hore-Ruthven,_1st_Earl_of_Gowrie" title="Alexander Hore-Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie">Gowrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Henry,_Duke_of_Gloucester" title="Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester">Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKell" title="William McKell">McKell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Slim,_1st_Viscount_Slim" title="William Slim, 1st Viscount Slim">Slim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morrison,_1st_Viscount_Dunrossil" title="William Morrison, 1st Viscount Dunrossil">Dunrossil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sidney,_1st_Viscount_De_L%27Isle" title="William Sidney, 1st Viscount De L'Isle">De L'Isle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Casey,_Baron_Casey" title="Richard Casey, Baron Casey">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hasluck" title="Paul Hasluck">Hasluck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerr_(governor-general)" title="John Kerr (governor-general)">Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelman_Cowen" title="Zelman Cowen">Cowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninian_Stephen" title="Ninian Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Hayden" title="Bill Hayden">Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Deane" title="William Deane">Deane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Hollingworth" title="Peter Hollingworth">Hollingworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jeffery_(Australian_Army_officer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Jeffery (Australian Army officer)">Jeffery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Bryce" title="Quentin Bryce">Bryce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cosgrove" title="Peter Cosgrove">Cosgrove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hurley" title="David Hurley">Hurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Mostyn" title="Sam Mostyn">Mostyn</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/120px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/180px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/240px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_Australia" title="List of governors-general of Australia">List of governors-general of Australia</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parliament_of_Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parliament_of_Australia" title="Template:Parliament of Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parliament_of_Australia" title="Template talk:Parliament of Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parliament_of_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parliament of Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parliament_of_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">King</a> <small>(represented by the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Governor-General</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg/100px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg/200px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="397" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parliamentary<br />officers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Senate (Australia)">President of the Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_the_Australian_Senate" title="Clerk of the Australian Senate">Clerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Government_in_the_Senate_(Australia)" title="Leader of the Government in the Senate (Australia)">Leader of the Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manager_of_Government_Business_in_the_Senate" title="Manager of Government Business in the Senate">Manager of Government Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_in_the_Senate_(Australia)" title="Leader of the Opposition in the Senate (Australia)">Leader of the Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manager_of_Opposition_Business_in_the_Senate" title="Manager of Opposition Business in the Senate">Manager of Opposition Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_whip_(Australia)" title="Party whip (Australia)">Whips</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_whips_in_the_Australian_Senate" title="List of whips in the Australian Senate">list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House of<br />Representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives">Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Clerk of the Australian House of Representatives">Clerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(Australia)" title="Leader of the House (Australia)">Leader of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Australia)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Australia)">Leader of the Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manager_of_Opposition_Business_in_the_House_(Australia)" title="Manager of Opposition Business in the House (Australia)">Manager of Opposition Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_whip_(Australia)" title="Party whip (Australia)">Whips</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_whips_in_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="List of whips in the Australian House of Representatives">list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_served_in_both_Houses_of_the_Australian_Parliament" title="List of people who have served in both Houses of the Australian Parliament">Served in both houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Australian_Parliament_who_represented_more_than_one_state_or_territory" title="Members of the Australian Parliament who represented more than one state or territory">Represented multiple states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_longest-serving_members_of_the_Parliament_of_Australia" title="List of longest-serving members of the Parliament of Australia">Longest service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politicians_in_Australia#Federal" title="Independent politicians in Australia">Independents</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Australian_Senate,_2022%E2%80%932025" title="Members of the Australian Senate, 2022–2025">Current</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Australian_Senate" title="Members of the Australian Senate">previous</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_Senate_appointments" title="List of Australian Senate appointments">Appointees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Australian_Senate" title="Women in the Australian Senate">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House of<br />Representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives,_2022%E2%80%932025" title="Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 2022–2025">Current</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Members of the Australian House of Representatives">previous</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Women in the Australian House of Representatives">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliaments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Australian_federal_parliaments" title="Chronology of Australian federal parliaments">Chronology of Australian federal parliaments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/45th_Parliament_of_Australia" title="45th Parliament of Australia">45th Parliament of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46th_Parliament_of_Australia" title="46th Parliament of Australia">46th Parliament of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Parliament_of_Australia" title="47th Parliament of Australia">47th Parliament of Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Procedure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speech_from_the_throne" title="Speech from the throne">Speech from the throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_meetings_of_the_Australian_Parliament" title="Joint meetings of the Australian Parliament">Joint meetings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Question_time" title="Question time">Question time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_public_importance" title="Matter of public importance">Matter of public importance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_(legislature)" title="Reading (legislature)">Readings of bills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Consent" title="King's Consent">King's Consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_Australia" title="List of acts of the Parliament of Australia">List of acts of the Parliament of Australia</a></li> <li>Committees: <a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate_committees" title="Australian Senate committees">Senate</a> | <a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives_committees" title="Australian House of Representatives committees">House of Reps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Australia" title="Elections in Australia">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2022_Australian_federal_election" title="2022 Australian federal election">Last</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Australian_federal_election" title="2025 Australian federal election">Next</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_federal_elections" title="List of Australian federal elections">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_dissolution" title="Double dissolution">Double dissolution</a></li> <li>Senate: <a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">Single transferable vote</a></li> <li>House of Representatives: <a href="/wiki/Instant-runoff_voting" title="Instant-runoff voting">Instant-runoff voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-party-preferred_vote" title="Two-party-preferred vote">Two-party-preferred vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electorates_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Electorates of the Australian House of Representatives">Electorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_federal_by-elections" title="List of Australian federal by-elections">By-elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caretaker_government_of_Australia" title="Caretaker government of Australia">Caretaker government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Disputed_Returns_(Australia)" title="Court of Disputed Returns (Australia)">Court of Disputed Returns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Melbourne" title="Parliament House, Melbourne">Parliament House, Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Parliament_House,_Canberra" title="Old Parliament House, Canberra">Old Parliament House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_House,_Canberra" title="Parliament House, Canberra">Parliament House, Canberra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Australian_Parliament_who_died_in_office" title="List of members of the Australian Parliament who died in office">List of members of the Australian Parliament who died in office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Members_of_multiple_Australian_legislatures" title="Members of multiple Australian legislatures">Members of multiple Australian legislatures</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Politics_of_Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Australia" title="Template:Politics of Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Australia" title="Template talk:Politics of Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Politics_of_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia" title="Politics of Australia">Politics of Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commonwealth</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Monarch</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Governor-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Australia" title="Cabinet of Australia">Cabinet</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Shadow_cabinet_of_Australia" title="Shadow cabinet of Australia">Shadow Cabinet</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Executive_Council_(Australia)" title="Federal Executive Council (Australia)">Federal Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanese_ministry" title="Albanese ministry">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Australia" title="Foreign relations of Australia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Australia)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Australia)">Opposition Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Australia" title="Judiciary of Australia">Lower Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_Adoption_Act_1942" title="Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942">Statute of Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_Act_1986" title="Australia Act 1986">Australia Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Australia" title="Electoral system of Australia">Electoral system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_federal_by-elections" title="List of Australian federal by-elections">By-elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Australia" title="Referendums in Australia">Referendums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Australian_elections" title="Timeline of Australian elections">Timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">State/territory <br /> governments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governors_of_the_Australian_states" title="Governors of the Australian states">Governors and Administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premiers_and_chief_ministers_of_the_Australian_states_and_territories" title="Premiers and chief ministers of the Australian states and territories">Premiers and Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliaments_of_the_Australian_states_and_territories" title="Parliaments of the Australian states and territories">Parliaments and Assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(Australia)" title="Opposition (Australia)">State and Territory Shadow Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_South_Wales" title="Government of New South Wales">NSW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_State_Government" title="Victoria State Government">Vic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensland_Government" title="Queensland Government">Qld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Western_Australia" title="Government of Western Australia">WA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Australia" title="Government of South Australia">SA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Government" title="Tasmanian Government">Tas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Australian_Capital_Territory" title="Government of the Australian Capital Territory">ACT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory_Government" title="Northern Territory Government">NT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Australia" title="Local government in Australia">Local <br />government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_New_South_Wales" title="Local government in New South Wales">New South Wales</a> (<a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_New_South_Wales" title="Local government areas of New South Wales">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Northern_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Local government in the Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a> (<a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_the_Northern_Territory" title="Local government areas of the Northern Territory">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Queensland" title="Local government in Queensland">Queensland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Queensland" title="Local government areas of Queensland">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Local government in South Australia">South Australia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_South_Australia" title="Local government areas of South Australia">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Tasmania" class="mw-redirect" title="Local government in Tasmania">Tasmania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Tasmania" title="Local government areas of Tasmania">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Victoria" title="Local government in Victoria">Victoria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Victoria" title="Local government areas of Victoria">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Local government in Western Australia">Western Australia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Western_Australia" title="Local government areas of Western Australia">list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Australia" title="List of political parties in Australia">Political <br />parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_(Australia)" title="Coalition (Australia)">Coalition</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia" title="Liberal Party of Australia">Liberal</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Party_of_Australia" title="National Party of Australia">National</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_National_Party_of_Queensland" title="Liberal National Party of Queensland">Liberal National</a>, <a href="/wiki/Country_Liberal_Party" title="Country Liberal Party">Country Liberal</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Alliance" title="Centre Alliance">Centre Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Greens" title="Australian Greens">Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katter%27s_Australian_Party" title="Katter's Australian Party">Katter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqui_Lambie_Network" title="Jacqui Lambie Network">Lambie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Hanson%27s_One_Nation" title="Pauline Hanson's One Nation">One Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Australia_Party_(2013)" title="United Australia Party (2013)">UAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Australia#Federal_non-parliamentary_parties" title="List of political parties in Australia">Other parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_political_parties_in_Australia" title="List of historical political parties in Australia">Historical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political <br />terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battler_(underdog)" title="Battler (underdog)">Battlers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bjelkemander" title="Bjelkemander">Bjelkemander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Branch_stacking" title="Branch stacking">Branch stacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casual_vacancies_in_the_Australian_Parliament" title="Casual vacancies in the Australian Parliament">Casual vacancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucus_revolt" title="Caucus revolt">Caucus revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagne_socialist#_Australia_and_New_Zealand" title="Champagne socialist">Chardonnay socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_parliament" title="Contempt of parliament">Contempt of parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despatch_box" title="Despatch box">Despatch box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donkey_vote" title="Donkey vote">Donkey vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Dixer" title="Dorothy Dixer">Dorothy Dixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_dissolution" title="Double dissolution">Double dissolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faceless_men" title="Faceless men">Faceless men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Forgotten_People" title="The Forgotten People">Forgotten People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_voting_ticket" title="Group voting ticket">Group voting ticket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardworking_Families" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardworking Families">Hardworking Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/How-to-vote_card" title="How-to-vote card">How-to-vote card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politicians_in_Australia" title="Independent politicians in Australia">Independent politicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirribilli_agreement" title="Kirribilli agreement">Kirribilli agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langer_vote" title="Langer vote">Langer vote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_spill" title="Leadership spill">Leadership spill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_belt" title="Mortgage belt">Mortgage belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationalism" title="Australian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_secretary" title="Parliamentary secretary">Parliamentary secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playmander" title="Playmander">Playmander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub_test" title="Pub test">Pub test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_quiet_Australians" title="The quiet Australians">Quiet Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">Responsible government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_Generations" title="Stolen Generations">Stolen Generations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_family" title="Working family">Working Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worm_(marketing)" title="Worm (marketing)">Worm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Constitution_of_Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Australian_Constitution" title="Template:Australian Constitution"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Australian_Constitution" title="Template talk:Australian Constitution"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Australian_Constitution" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Australian Constitution"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Constitution_of_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">Constitution of Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_I_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Chapter I of the Constitution of Australia">Chapter I of the Constitution of Australia: The Legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_51_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 51 of the Constitution of Australia">Section 51 of the Constitution of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_House_of_Representatives" title="Australian House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Senate" title="Australian Senate">Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executive power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Australia" title="Cabinet of Australia"> Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_II_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Chapter II of the Constitution of Australia">Chapter II of the Constitution of Australia: The Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_61_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 61 of the Constitution of Australia">Section 61 of the Constitution of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Governor-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Executive_Council_(Australia)" title="Federal Executive Council (Australia)"> Federal Executive Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judicial power</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia" title="High Court of Australia">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_III_Court" title="Chapter III Court">Chapter III of the constitution of Australia: Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_75_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 75 of the Constitution of Australia">Section 75 of the Constitution of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_v_Kirby;_Ex_parte_Boilermakers%27_Society_of_Australia" title="R v Kirby; Ex parte Boilermakers' Society of Australia"> Boilermakers' Case</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-State_Commission" title="Inter-State Commission">Inter-State Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Australia#Appeals_to_the_Privy_Council" title="High Court of Australia"> Privy Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Doctrines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Constitutional_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Constitutional Law">Australian Constitutional Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsible_government" title="Responsible government">Responsible government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_in_Australia" title="Separation of powers in Australia">Separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_convention_(political_custom)#Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional convention (political custom)">Constitutional conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_Australia" title="Federalism in Australia">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_political_communication" title="Freedom of political communication">Implied freedom of political communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_immunity_(Australia)" title="Intergovernmental immunity (Australia)">Implied immunity of instrumentalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_power" title="Reserve power"> Reserve power (sovereign)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserved_powers_doctrine" title="Reserved powers doctrine"> Reserved State powers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Amendments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Australia" title="Referendums in Australia">Referendum process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Australian_Senate_elections_referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="1906 Australian Senate elections referendum">Senate elections (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1910_Australian_referendum_(State_Debts)" title="1910 Australian referendum (State Debts)">1st State debts (1910)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Australian_referendum_(State_Debts)" class="mw-redirect" title="1928 Australian referendum (State Debts)">2nd State debts (1928)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_Australian_referendum_(Social_Services)" title="1946 Australian referendum (Social Services)">Social services (1946)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Australian_referendum_(Aboriginals)" title="1967 Australian referendum (Aboriginals)">Aboriginals (1967)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Australian_referendum_(Senate_Casual_Vacancies)" title="1977 Australian referendum (Senate Casual Vacancies)">Casual vacancies (1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Australian_referendum_(Referendums)" title="1977 Australian referendum (Referendums)">Referendums (1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Australian_referendum_(Retirement_of_Judges)" class="mw-redirect" title="1977 Australian referendum (Retirement of Judges)">Retirement of judges (1977)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constitutional texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">Constitution of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_1931" title="Statute of Westminster 1931">Statute of Westminster 1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Westminster_Adoption_Act_1942" title="Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942">Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_Act_1986" title="Australia Act 1986">Australia Act 1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Constitution_(Public_Record_Copy)_Act_1990" title="Australian Constitution (Public Record Copy) Act 1990">Australian Constitution (Public Record Copy) Act 1990</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Australia" title="Constitutional history of Australia">Constitutional history of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Australian_constitutional_crisis" title="1975 Australian constitutional crisis">The Dismissal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Convention (Australia)">Constitutional Conventions</a> (<a href="/wiki/1998_Australian_Constitutional_Convention" title="1998 Australian Constitutional Convention">1998</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Australian_parliamentary_eligibility_crisis" title="2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis">2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proposed_states_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of proposed states of Australia">List of proposed states of Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Australia" title="Republicanism in Australia">Republicanism in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_in_Australia" title="Secession in Australia">Separatist movements within Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By chapter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_I_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Chapter I of the Constitution of Australia">I: The Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_II_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Chapter II of the Constitution of Australia">II: The Executive Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_III_Court" title="Chapter III Court">III: The Judicature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_IV_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Chapter IV of the Constitution of Australia">IV: Finance and Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_V_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Chapter V of the Constitution of Australia">V: The States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_VI_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Chapter VI of the Constitution of Australia">VI: New States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_VII_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Chapter VII of the Constitution of Australia">VII: Miscellaneous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_VIII_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Chapter VIII of the Constitution of Australia">VIII: Alteration of the Constitution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By section</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Section_1_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 1 of the Constitution of Australia">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_2_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 2 of the Constitution of Australia">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_3_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 3 of the Constitution of Australia">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_4_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 4 of the Constitution of Australia">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_5_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 5 of the Constitution of Australia">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_6_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 6 of the Constitution of Australia">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_7_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 7 of the Constitution of Australia">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_8_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 8 of the Constitution of Australia">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_9_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 9 of the Constitution of Australia">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_10_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 10 of the Constitution of Australia">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_11_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 11 of the Constitution of Australia">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_12_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 12 of the Constitution of Australia">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_13_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 13 of the Constitution of Australia">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_14_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 14 of the Constitution of Australia">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_15_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 15 of the Constitution of Australia">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_16_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 16 of the Constitution of Australia">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_17_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 17 of the Constitution of Australia">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_18_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 18 of the Constitution of Australia">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_19_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 19 of the Constitution of Australia">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_20_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 20 of the Constitution of Australia">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_21_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 21 of the Constitution of Australia">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_22_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 22 of the Constitution of Australia">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_23_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 23 of the Constitution of Australia">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_24_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 24 of the Constitution of Australia">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_25_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 25 of the Constitution of Australia">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_26_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 26 of the Constitution of Australia">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_27_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 27 of the Constitution of Australia">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_28_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 28 of the Constitution of Australia">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_29_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 29 of the Constitution of Australia">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_30_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 30 of the Constitution of Australia">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_31_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 31 of the Constitution of Australia">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_32_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 32 of the Constitution of Australia">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_33_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 33 of the Constitution of Australia">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_34_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 34 of the Constitution of Australia">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_35_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 35 of the Constitution of Australia">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_36_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 36 of the Constitution of Australia">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_37_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 37 of the Constitution of Australia">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_38_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 38 of the Constitution of Australia">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_39_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 39 of the Constitution of Australia">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_40_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 40 of the Constitution of Australia">40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_41_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 41 of the Constitution of Australia">41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_42_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 42 of the Constitution of Australia">42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_43_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 43 of the Constitution of Australia">43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_44_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 44 of the Constitution of Australia">44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_45_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 45 of the Constitution of Australia">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_46_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 46 of the Constitution of Australia">46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_47_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 47 of the Constitution of Australia">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_48_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 48 of the Constitution of Australia">48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_49_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 49 of the Constitution of Australia">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_50_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 50 of the Constitution of Australia">50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_52_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 52 of the Constitution of Australia">52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_53_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 53 of the Constitution of Australia">53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_54_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 54 of the Constitution of Australia">54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_55_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 55 of the Constitution of Australia">55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_56_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 56 of the Constitution of Australia">56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_57_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 57 of the Constitution of Australia">57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_58_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 58 of the Constitution of Australia">58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_59_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 59 of the Constitution of Australia">59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_60_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 60 of the Constitution of Australia">60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_61_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 61 of the Constitution of Australia">61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_62_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 62 of the Constitution of Australia">62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_63_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 63 of the Constitution of Australia">63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_64_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 64 of the Constitution of Australia">64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_65_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 65 of the Constitution of Australia">65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_66_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 66 of the Constitution of Australia">66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_67_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 67 of the Constitution of Australia">67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_68_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 68 of the Constitution of Australia">68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_69_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 69 of the Constitution of Australia">69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_70_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 70 of the Constitution of Australia">70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_71_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 71 of the Constitution of Australia">71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_72_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 72 of the Constitution of Australia">72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_73_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 73 of the Constitution of Australia">73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_74_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 74 of the Constitution of Australia">74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_75_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 75 of the Constitution of Australia">75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_76_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 76 of the Constitution of Australia">76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_77_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 77 of the Constitution of Australia">77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_78_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 78 of the Constitution of Australia">78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_79_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 79 of the Constitution of Australia">79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_80_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 80 of the Constitution of Australia">80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_81_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 81 of the Constitution of Australia">81</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_82_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 82 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">82</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_83_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 83 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">83</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_84_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 84 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">84</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_85_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 85 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">85</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_86_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 86 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_87_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 87 of the Constitution of Australia">87</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_88_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 88 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">88</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_89_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 89 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_90_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 90 of the Constitution of Australia">90</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_91_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 91 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_92_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 92 of the Constitution of Australia">92</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_93_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 93 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">93</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_94_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 94 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">94</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_95_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 95 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_96_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 96 of the Constitution of Australia">96</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_97_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 97 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_98_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 98 of the Constitution of Australia">98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_99_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 99 of the Constitution of Australia">99</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_100_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 100 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_101_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 101 of the Constitution of Australia">101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_102_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 102 of the Constitution of Australia">102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_103_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 103 of the Constitution of Australia">103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_104_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 104 of the Constitution of Australia">104</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_105_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 105 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_105A_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 105A of the Constitution of Australia">105A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_106_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 106 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">106</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_107_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 107 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">107</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_108_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 108 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_109_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 109 of the Constitution of Australia">109</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_110_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 110 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">110</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_111_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 111 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">111</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_112_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 112 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_113_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 113 of the Constitution of Australia">113</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_114_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 114 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">114</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_115_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 115 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_116_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 116 of the Constitution of Australia">116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_117_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 117 of the Constitution of Australia">117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_118_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 118 of the Constitution of Australia">118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_119_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 119 of the Constitution of Australia">119</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_120_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 120 of the Constitution of Australia">120</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_121_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 121 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_122_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 122 of the Constitution of Australia">122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_123_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 123 of the Constitution of Australia">123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_124_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 124 of the Constitution of Australia">124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_125_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 125 of the Constitution of Australia">125</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_126_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 126 of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_127_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 127 of the Constitution of Australia">127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_VIII_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Chapter VIII of the Constitution of Australia">128</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Section_51_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 51 of the Constitution of Australia">Enumerated legislative<br /> powers (Section 51)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Powers of</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_51(i)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 51(i) of the Constitution of Australia">(i) Interstate trade and commerce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_basis_of_taxation_in_Australia" title="Constitutional basis of taxation in Australia">(ii) Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_51(v)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 51(v) of the Constitution of Australia">(v) Post and telegraph (communication)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_51(vi)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 51(vi) of the Constitution of Australia">(vi) Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_51(ix)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 51(ix) of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">(ix) Quarantine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_51(x)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 51(x) of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">(x) Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_51_(xii)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 51 (xii) of the Constitution of Australia">(xii) Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_51(xiii)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 51(xiii) of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">(xiii) Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_51(xiv)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 51(xiv) of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">(xiv) Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_51(xviii)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 51(xviii) of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">(xviii) Copyrights, patents and trademarks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_51(xix)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 51(xix) of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">(xix) Naturalization and aliens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_51(xx)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 51(xx) of the Constitution of Australia">(xx) Corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_51(xxi)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 51(xxi) of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">(xxi) Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_51(xxii)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 51(xxii) of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">(xxii) Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_51(xxiii)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 51(xxiii) of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">(xxiii) Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_51(xxiiiA)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 51(xxiiiA) of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">(xxiiiA) Social security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_51(xxvi)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 51(xxvi) of the Constitution of Australia">(xxvi) Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_51(xxvii)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 51(xxvii) of the Constitution of Australia">(xxvii) Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_51(xxix)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 51(xxix) of the Constitution of Australia">(xxix) External affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_51(xxx)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 51(xxx) of the Constitution of Australia">(xxx) Pacific islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_51(xxxi)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 51(xxxi) of the Constitution of Australia">(xxxi) Acquisition of property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_51(xxxv)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 51(xxxv) of the Constitution of Australia">(xxxv) Conciliation and arbitration</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_51(xxxvi)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 51(xxxvi) of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">(xxxvi) Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_51(xxxvii)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 51(xxxvii) of the Constitution of Australia">(xxxvii) Referral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_51(xxxviii)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia" title="Section 51(xxxviii) of the Constitution of Australia">(xxxviii) Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Section_51(xxxix)_of_the_Constitution_of_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Section 51(xxxix) of the Constitution of Australia (page does not exist)">(xxxix) Incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Australia_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Australia_topics" title="Template:Australia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Australia_topics" title="Template talk:Australia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Australia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Australia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Australia_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Australia-related_articles" title="Index of Australia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia" title="History of Australia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Australian_history" title="Timeline of Australian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Australian_history" title="Bibliography of Australian history">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Australia" title="Prehistory of Australia">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Australia" title="Archaeology of Australia">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_land_exploration_of_Australia" title="European land exploration of Australia">European exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Australia" title="Territorial evolution of Australia">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1788%E2%80%931850)" title="History of Australia (1788–1850)">1788–1850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1851%E2%80%931900)" title="History of Australia (1851–1900)">1851–1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1901%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Australia (1901–1945)">1901–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Australia_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Australia (1945–present)">Since 1945</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Asian_Australians" title="History of Asian Australians">Asian Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_history_of_Australia" title="Constitutional history of Australia">Constitutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_Australia" title="Diplomatic history of Australia">Diplomatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Australia" title="Economic history of Australia">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Australia" title="Federation of Australia">Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_history_of_Australia" title="Immigration history of Australia">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indigenous_Australians" title="History of Indigenous Australians">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia" title="Military history of Australia">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_monarchy_in_Australia" title="History of monarchy in Australia">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Australia" title="History of rail transport in Australia">Railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Australia" title="Geography of Australia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Australia" title="Climate of Australia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Australia" title="Climate change in Australia">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Continent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deserts_of_Australia" title="Deserts of Australia">Deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Australia" title="Environment of Australia">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Australia" title="Environmental issues in Australia">issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Australia" title="List of earthquakes in Australia">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Australia" title="Fauna of Australia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_Australia" title="Forests of Australia">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Australia" title="Geology of Australia">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Australia" title="List of islands of Australia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Australia" title="List of mountains in Australia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Australia" title="List of regions of Australia">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reserve_System" title="National Reserve System">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Australia" title="List of rivers of Australia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Australia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Australia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of Australia">Subdivisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">States and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_capital_cities" title="List of Australian capital cities">Capitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Australia" title="List of cities in Australia">Cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia" title="Politics of Australia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asylum_in_Australia" title="Asylum in Australia">Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Australia" title="Constitution of Australia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_court_hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian court hierarchy">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Australia" title="Elections in Australia">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_funding_in_Australia" title="Political funding in Australia">Donations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system_of_Australia" title="Electoral system of Australia">Electoral system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Australia" title="List of political parties in Australia">Parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_federal_budget" title="Australian federal budget">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Australia" title="Foreign relations of Australia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Australia" title="Human rights in Australia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_Australia" title="Intersex rights in Australia">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Australia" title="LGBTQ rights in Australia">LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Australia" title="Transgender rights in Australia">Transgender</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Intelligence_Community" title="Australian Intelligence Community">Intelligence and security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_legal_system" title="Australian legal system">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_constitutional_law" title="Australian constitutional law">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Australia" title="Judiciary of Australia">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Australia" title="Law enforcement in Australia">Enforcement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Australia" title="Monarchy of Australia">Monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_government_debt" title="Australian government debt">National debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Australia#Ideology_in_Australian_politics" title="Politics of Australia">Political ideology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_Australia" title="Anarchism in Australia">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_politics_in_Australia" title="Christian politics in Australia">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_Australia" title="Conservatism in Australia">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Australia" title="Far-right politics in Australia">Far-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_Australia" title="Liberalism in Australia">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationalism" title="Australian nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_Australia" title="Republicanism in Australia">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Australia" title="Socialism in Australia">Socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Public_Service" title="Australian Public Service">Public Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_government_in_Australia" title="Women and government in Australia">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_heads_of_government_in_Australia" title="List of female heads of government in Australia">Government leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_cabinet_ministers_of_Australia" title="List of female cabinet ministers of Australia">Government ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_(Australia)" title="Opposition (Australia)">Shadow Cabinet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Australia" title="Cabinet of Australia">Cabinet of Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_ministries" title="List of Australian ministries">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Governor-General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors-general_of_Australia" title="List of governors-general of Australia">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Australia" title="List of prime ministers of Australia">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Australia" title="Economy of Australia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Australia" title="Agriculture in Australia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_dollar" title="Australian dollar">Dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Australia" title="Energy in Australia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_and_territories_by_gross_state_product" title="List of Australian states and territories by gross state product">Gross state product</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_ownership_in_Australia" title="Home ownership in Australia">Home ownership</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_housing_in_Australia" title="Public housing in Australia">Public housing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Median_household_income_in_Australia_and_New_Zealand" title="Median household income in Australia and New Zealand">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Australia" title="Manufacturing in Australia">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Australia" title="Mass media in Australia">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Australia" title="Mining in Australia">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Australia" title="Poverty in Australia">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reserve_Bank_of_Australia" title="Reserve Bank of Australia">Reserve Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_Exchange" title="Australian Securities Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superannuation_in_Australia" title="Superannuation in Australia">Superannuation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Australia" title="Taxation in Australia">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Australia" title="Telecommunications in Australia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Australia" title="Tourism in Australia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Australia" title="Transport in Australia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security_in_Australia" title="Social security in Australia">Welfare system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Australia" title="Category:Society of Australia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Australia" title="Abortion in Australia">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aged_care_in_Australia" title="Aged care in Australia">Aged care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Australia" title="Censorship in Australia">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationality_law" title="Australian nationality law">Citizenship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Australia" title="Crime in Australia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Australia" title="Education in Australia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assisted_dying_in_Australia" title="Assisted dying in Australia">Euthanasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_Australia" title="Health care in Australia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Australia" title="Homelessness in Australia">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Australia" title="Human trafficking in Australia">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Australia" title="Immigration to Australia">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Australia" title="Irreligion in Australia">Irreligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Australia" title="Languages of Australia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_states_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Australian states by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australians" title="Australians">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Australia" title="Demographics of Australia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Australia" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Australia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Australia" title="Prostitution in Australia">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Australia" title="Racism in Australia">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Australia" title="Religion in Australia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Australia" title="Squatting in Australia">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management_in_Australia" title="Waste management in Australia">Waste management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Australia" title="Women in Australia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Australia" title="Culture of Australia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Australia" title="Architecture of Australia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_art" title="Australian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_Australia" title="Arts in Australia">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Australia" title="Cinema of Australia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_cuisine" title="Australian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_Australia" title="Dance in Australia">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_literature" title="Australian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Australia" title="Music of Australia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Australia" title="Public holidays in Australia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Australia" title="List of radio stations in Australia">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Australia" title="Sport in Australia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Australia" title="National symbols of Australia">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Australia" title="Television in Australia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Australia" title="Theatre of Australia">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglosphere" title="Anglosphere">Anglosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_studies" title="Australian studies">Australian studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Australia" title="Outline of Australia">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Australia-related_articles" title="Index of Australia-related articles">Index</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Australian_history" title="Bibliography of Australian history">Bibliography</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australia" title="Category:Australia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Australia" title="Portal:Australia">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Representatives_of_the_monarch_in_Commonwealth_realms_and_dominions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Representatives_of_the_monarch_in_Commonwealth_realms_and_Dominions" title="Template:Representatives of the monarch in Commonwealth realms and Dominions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Representatives_of_the_monarch_in_Commonwealth_realms_and_Dominions" title="Template talk:Representatives of the monarch in Commonwealth realms and Dominions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Representatives_of_the_monarch_in_Commonwealth_realms_and_Dominions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Representatives of the monarch in Commonwealth realms and Dominions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Representatives_of_the_monarch_in_Commonwealth_realms_and_dominions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_viceregal_representatives_of_the_Crown" title="List of current viceregal representatives of the Crown">Representatives of the monarch in Commonwealth realms and dominions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counsellor_of_State" title="Counsellor of State">Counsellors of State</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-general#Modern_Commonwealth" title="Governor-general">Governors-general</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Bahamas" title="Governor-General of the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Belize" title="Governor-General of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Grenada" title="Governor-General of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Jamaica" title="Governor-General of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="Governor-General of Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Governor-General of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Solomon_Islands" title="Governor-General of Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Tuvalu" title="Governor-General of Tuvalu">Tuvalu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sub-national</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Governors_of_the_Australian_states" title="Governors of the Australian states">Australian state governors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_South_Wales" title="Governor of New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Queensland" title="Governor of Queensland">Queensland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_South_Australia" title="Governor of South Australia">South Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Tasmania" title="Governor of Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Victoria" title="Governor of Victoria">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Western_Australia" title="Governor of Western Australia">Western Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lieutenant governor (Canada)">Canadian lieutenant governors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Alberta" title="Lieutenant Governor of Alberta">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_British_Columbia" title="Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia"> British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Manitoba" title="Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_New_Brunswick" title="Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Nova_Scotia" title="Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Ontario" title="Lieutenant Governor of Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Quebec" title="Lieutenant Governor of Quebec">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Saskatchewan" title="Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan">Saskatchewan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Realm_of_New_Zealand" title="Realm of New Zealand">Realm of New Zealand countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Representative" title="King's Representative">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Niue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_New_Zealand" title="Governor-General of New Zealand">Tokelau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Guernsey" title="Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_the_Isle_of_Man" title="Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Jersey" title="Lieutenant Governor of Jersey">Jersey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Anguilla" title="Governor of Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bermuda" title="Governor of Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_the_British_Antarctic_Territory" title="Commissioner for the British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="Commissioner for the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Governor of the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Governor of the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Gibraltar" title="Governor of Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Montserrat" title="Governor of Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Pitcairn" title="Governor of Pitcairn">Pitcairn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Saint_Helena" title="Governor of Saint Helena">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="Commissioner for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other viceregal representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lord-lieutenant" title="Lord-lieutenant">United Kingdom lieutenancy areas</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Barbados" title="Governor-General of Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Ceylon" title="Governor-General of Ceylon">Ceylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Fiji" title="Governor-General of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Gambia#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Ghana#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Guyana#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_India" title="Governor-General of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_the_Irish_Free_State" title="Governor-General of the Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Kenya#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Malawi#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Malta" title="Governor-General of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Mauritius" title="Governor-General of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Nigeria#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Sierra_Leone#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_South_Africa" title="Governor-General of South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Tanzania#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Tanzania">Tanganyika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago#Governor-General" title="List of heads of state of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Uganda#Governor-general" title="List of heads of state of Uganda">Uganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610669#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610669#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610669#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000106621076">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/132596351">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div 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