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orthogonal</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: orthogonal"> <meta name="keywords" content="orthogonal"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="orthogonal"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 308</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: orthogonal</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">308</span> Least Support Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (LS-OMP) Recovery Method for Invisible Watermarking Image</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Israa%20Sh.%20Tawfic">Israa Sh. Tawfic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sema%20Koc%20Kayhan"> Sema Koc Kayhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, first, we propose least support orthogonal matching pursuit (LS-OMP) algorithm to improve the performance, of the OMP (orthogonal matching pursuit) algorithm. LS-OMP algorithm adaptively chooses optimum L (least part of support), at each iteration. This modification helps to reduce the computational complexity significantly and performs better than OMP algorithm. Second, we give the procedure for the invisible image watermarking in the presence of compressive sampling. The image reconstruction based on a set of watermarked measurements is performed using LS-OMP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressed%20sensing" title="compressed sensing">compressed sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthogonal%20matching%20pursuit" title=" orthogonal matching pursuit"> orthogonal matching pursuit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restricted%20isometry%20property" title=" restricted isometry property"> restricted isometry property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20reconstruction" title=" signal reconstruction"> signal reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least%20support%20orthogonal%20matching%20pursuit" title=" least support orthogonal matching pursuit"> least support orthogonal matching pursuit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=watermark" title=" watermark"> watermark</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15820/least-support-orthogonal-matching-pursuit-ls-omp-recovery-method-for-invisible-watermarking-image" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15820.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">307</span> Investigation on Flexural Behavior of Non-Crimp 3D Orthogonal Weave Carbon Composite Reinforcement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sh.%20Minapoor">Sh. Minapoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ajeli"> S. Ajeli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-crimp three-dimensional (3D) orthogonal carbon fabrics are one of the useful textiles reinforcements in composites. In this paper, flexural and bending properties of a carbon non-crimp 3D orthogonal woven reinforcement are experimentally investigated. The present study is focused on the understanding and measurement of the main bending parameters including flexural stress, strain, and modulus. For this purpose, the three-point bending test method is used and the load-displacement curves are analyzed. The influence of some weave's parameters such as yarn type, geometry of structure, and fiber volume fraction on bending behavior of non-crimp 3D orthogonal carbon fabric is investigated. The obtained results also represent a dataset for the simulation of flexural behavior of non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave carbon composite reinforcement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-crimp%203D%20orthogonal%20weave" title="non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave">non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20composite%20reinforcement" title=" carbon composite reinforcement"> carbon composite reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20behavior" title=" flexural behavior"> flexural behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-point%20bending" title=" three-point bending"> three-point bending</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50505/investigation-on-flexural-behavior-of-non-crimp-3d-orthogonal-weave-carbon-composite-reinforcement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">306</span> An Approximation Algorithm for the Non Orthogonal Cutting Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ouafi">R. Ouafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Ouafi"> F. Ouafi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We study the problem of cutting a rectangular material entity into smaller sub-entities of trapezoidal forms with minimum waste of the material. This problem will be denoted TCP (Trapezoidal Cutting Problem). The TCP has many applications in manufacturing processes of various industries: pipe line design (petro chemistry), the design of airfoil (aeronautical) or cuts of the components of textile products. We introduce an orthogonal build to provide the optimal horizontal and vertical homogeneous strips. In this paper we develop a general heuristic search based upon orthogonal build. By solving two one-dimensional knapsack problems, we combine the horizontal and vertical homogeneous strips to give a non orthogonal cutting pattern. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combinatorial%20optimization" title="combinatorial optimization">combinatorial optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cutting%20problem" title=" cutting problem"> cutting problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heuristic" title=" heuristic"> heuristic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19497/an-approximation-algorithm-for-the-non-orthogonal-cutting-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">541</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">305</span> Constructing Orthogonal De Bruijn and Kautz Sequences and Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaw-Ling%20Lin">Yaw-Ling Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A de Bruijn graph of order k is a graph whose vertices representing all length-k sequences with edges joining pairs of vertices whose sequences have maximum possible overlap (length k−1). Every Hamiltonian cycle of this graph defines a distinct, minimum length de Bruijn sequence containing all k-mers exactly once. A Kautz sequence is the minimal generating sequence so as the sequence of minimal length that produces all possible length-k sequences with the restriction that every two consecutive alphabets in the sequences must be different. A collection of de Bruijn/Kautz sequences are orthogonal if any two sequences are of maximally differ in sequence composition; that is, the maximum length of their common substring is k. In this paper, we discuss how such a collection of (maximal) orthogonal de Bruijn/Kautz sequences can be made and use the algorithm to build up a web application service for the synthesized DNA and other related biomolecular sequences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomolecular%20sequence%20synthesis" title="biomolecular sequence synthesis">biomolecular sequence synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=de%20Bruijn%20sequences" title=" de Bruijn sequences"> de Bruijn sequences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eulerian%20cycle" title=" Eulerian cycle"> Eulerian cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamiltonian%20cycle" title=" Hamiltonian cycle"> Hamiltonian cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kautz%20sequences" title=" Kautz sequences"> Kautz sequences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthogonal%20sequences" title=" orthogonal sequences"> orthogonal sequences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121912/constructing-orthogonal-de-bruijn-and-kautz-sequences-and-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">304</span> Orthogonal Basis Extreme Learning Algorithm and Function Approximation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Li">Ying Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Li"> Yan Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new algorithm for single hidden layer feedforward neural networks (SLFN), Orthogonal Basis Extreme Learning (OBEL) algorithm, is proposed and the algorithm derivation is given in the paper. The algorithm can decide both the NNs parameters and the neuron number of hidden layer(s) during training while providing extreme fast learning speed. It will provide a practical way to develop NNs. The simulation results of function approximation showed that the algorithm is effective and feasible with good accuracy and adaptability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title="neural network">neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthogonal%20basis%20extreme%20learning" title=" orthogonal basis extreme learning"> orthogonal basis extreme learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=function%20approximation" title=" function approximation"> function approximation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15129/orthogonal-basis-extreme-learning-algorithm-and-function-approximation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">534</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">303</span> Video Text Information Detection and Localization in Lecture Videos Using Moments </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belkacem%20Soundes">Belkacem Soundes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guezouli%20Larbi"> Guezouli Larbi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a robust and accurate method for text detection and localization over lecture videos. Frame regions are classified into text or background based on visual feature analysis. However, lecture video shows significant degradation mainly related to acquisition conditions, camera motion and environmental changes resulting in low quality videos. Hence, affecting feature extraction and description efficiency. Moreover, traditional text detection methods cannot be directly applied to lecture videos. Therefore, robust feature extraction methods dedicated to this specific video genre are required for robust and accurate text detection and extraction. Method consists of a three-step process: Slide region detection and segmentation; Feature extraction and non-text filtering. For robust and effective features extraction moment functions are used. Two distinct types of moments are used: orthogonal and non-orthogonal. For orthogonal Zernike Moments, both Pseudo Zernike moments are used, whereas for non-orthogonal ones Hu moments are used. Expressivity and description efficiency are given and discussed. Proposed approach shows that in general, orthogonal moments show high accuracy in comparison to the non-orthogonal one. Pseudo Zernike moments are more effective than Zernike with better computation time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20detection" title="text detection">text detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=text%20localization" title=" text localization"> text localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lecture%20videos" title=" lecture videos"> lecture videos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pseudo%20zernike%20moments" title=" pseudo zernike moments"> pseudo zernike moments</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109549/video-text-information-detection-and-localization-in-lecture-videos-using-moments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">302</span> Applications of Probabilistic Interpolation via Orthogonal Matrices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dariusz%20Jacek%20Jak%C3%B3bczak">Dariusz Jacek Jakóbczak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mathematics and computer science are interested in methods of 2D curve interpolation and extrapolation using the set of key points (knots). A proposed method of Hurwitz- Radon Matrices (MHR) is such a method. This novel method is based on the family of Hurwitz-Radon (HR) matrices which possess columns composed of orthogonal vectors. Two-dimensional curve is interpolated via different functions as probability distribution functions: polynomial, sinus, cosine, tangent, cotangent, logarithm, exponent, arcsin, arccos, arctan, arcctg or power function, also inverse functions. It is shown how to build the orthogonal matrix operator and how to use it in a process of curve reconstruction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%20data%20interpolation" title="2D data interpolation">2D data interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hurwitz-radon%20matrices" title=" hurwitz-radon matrices"> hurwitz-radon matrices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MHR%20method" title=" MHR method"> MHR method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probabilistic%20modeling" title=" probabilistic modeling"> probabilistic modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curve%20extrapolation" title=" curve extrapolation"> curve extrapolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32599/applications-of-probabilistic-interpolation-via-orthogonal-matrices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">525</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">301</span> Performance Comparison of Resource Allocation without Feedback in Wireless Body Area Networks by Various Pseudo Orthogonal Sequences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ojin%20Kwon">Ojin Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Jin%20Yoon"> Yong-Jin Yoon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Xin"> Liu Xin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Hongbao"> Zhang Hongbao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a short-range wireless communication around human body for various applications such as wearable devices, entertainment, military, and especially medical devices. WBAN attracts the attention of continuous health monitoring system including diagnostic procedure, early detection of abnormal conditions, and prevention of emergency situations. Compared to cellular network, WBAN system is more difficult to control inter- and inner-cell interference due to the limited power, limited calculation capability, mobility of patient, and non-cooperation among WBANs. In this paper, we compare the performance of resource allocation scheme based on several Pseudo Orthogonal Codewords (POCs) to mitigate inter-WBAN interference. Previously, the POCs are widely exploited for a protocol sequence and optical orthogonal code. Each POCs have different properties of auto- and cross-correlation and spectral efficiency according to its construction of POCs. To identify different WBANs, several different pseudo orthogonal patterns based on POCs exploits for resource allocation of WBANs. By simulating these pseudo orthogonal resource allocations of WBANs on MATLAB, we obtain the performance of WBANs according to different POCs and can analyze and evaluate the suitability of POCs for the resource allocation in the WBANs system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20body%20area%20network" title="wireless body area network">wireless body area network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20sensor%20network" title=" body sensor network"> body sensor network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20allocation%20without%20feedback" title=" resource allocation without feedback"> resource allocation without feedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interference%20mitigation" title=" interference mitigation"> interference mitigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pseudo%20orthogonal%20pattern" title=" pseudo orthogonal pattern"> pseudo orthogonal pattern</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9490/performance-comparison-of-resource-allocation-without-feedback-in-wireless-body-area-networks-by-various-pseudo-orthogonal-sequences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">300</span> The Power of the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Lee">Charles Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Principal Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) technique has been used as a model reduction tool for many applications in engineering and science. In principle, one begins with an ensemble of data, called snapshots, collected from an experiment or laboratory results. The beauty of the POD technique is that when applied, the entire data set can be represented by the smallest number of orthogonal basis elements. It is the such capability that allows us to reduce the complexity and dimensions of many physical applications. Mathematical formulations and numerical schemes for the POD method will be discussed along with applications in NASA’s Deep Space Large Antenna Arrays, Satellite Image Reconstruction, Cancer Detection with DNA Microarray Data, Maximizing Stock Return, and Medical Imaging. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduced-order%20methods" title="reduced-order methods">reduced-order methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title=" principal component analysis"> principal component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20detection" title=" cancer detection"> cancer detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20reconstruction" title=" image reconstruction"> image reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock%20portfolios" title=" stock portfolios"> stock portfolios</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160375/the-power-of-the-proper-orthogonal-decomposition-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160375.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">299</span> Orthogonal Regression for Nonparametric Estimation of Errors-In-Variables Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anastasiia%20Yu.%20Timofeeva">Anastasiia Yu. Timofeeva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two new algorithms for nonparametric estimation of errors-in-variables models are proposed. The first algorithm is based on penalized regression spline. The spline is represented as a piecewise-linear function and for each linear portion orthogonal regression is estimated. This algorithm is iterative. The second algorithm involves locally weighted regression estimation. When the independent variable is measured with error such estimation is a complex nonlinear optimization problem. The simulation results have shown the advantage of the second algorithm under the assumption that true smoothing parameters values are known. Nevertheless the use of some indexes of fit to smoothing parameters selection gives the similar results and has an oversmoothing effect. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grade%20point%20average" title="grade point average">grade point average</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthogonal%20regression" title=" orthogonal regression"> orthogonal regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=penalized%20regression%20spline" title=" penalized regression spline"> penalized regression spline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locally%20weighted%20regression" title=" locally weighted regression"> locally weighted regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11927/orthogonal-regression-for-nonparametric-estimation-of-errors-in-variables-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">298</span> Secure Image Retrieval Based on Orthogonal Decomposition under Cloud Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Xu">Y. Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Xiong"> L. Xiong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Xu"> Z. Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to protect data privacy, image with sensitive or private information needs to be encrypted before being outsourced to the cloud. However, this causes difficulties in image retrieval and data management. A secure image retrieval method based on orthogonal decomposition is proposed in the paper. The image is divided into two different components, for which encryption and feature extraction are executed separately. As a result, cloud server can extract features from an encrypted image directly and compare them with the features of the queried images, so that the user can thus obtain the image. Different from other methods, the proposed method has no special requirements to encryption algorithms. Experimental results prove that the proposed method can achieve better security and better retrieval precision. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secure%20image%20retrieval" title="secure image retrieval">secure image retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secure%20search" title=" secure search"> secure search</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthogonal%20decomposition" title=" orthogonal decomposition"> orthogonal decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=secure%20cloud%20computing" title=" secure cloud computing"> secure cloud computing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29115/secure-image-retrieval-based-on-orthogonal-decomposition-under-cloud-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">297</span> Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Characteristics of an Orthogonal and Obliquely Impinging Air Jet on a Flat Plate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulrahman%20Alenezi">Abdulrahman Alenezi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper investigates the surface heat transfer characteristics using computational fluid dynamics for orthogonal and inclined impinging jet. A jet Reynolds number (Rₑ) of 10,000, jet-to- plate spacing (H/D) of two and eight and two angles of impingement (α) of 45° and 90° (orthogonal) were employed in this study. An unconfined jet impinges steadily a constant temperature flat surface using air as working fluid. The numerical investigation is validated with an experimental study. This numerical study employs grid dependency investigation and four different types of turbulence models including the transition SSD to accurately predict the second local maximum in Nusselt number. A full analysis of the effect of both turbulence models and mesh size is reported. Numerical values showed excellent agreement with the experimental data for the case of orthogonal impingement. For the case of H/D =6 and α=45° a maximum percentage error of approximately 8.8% occurs of local Nusselt number at stagnation point. Experimental and numerical correlations are presented for four different cases <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulence%20model" title="turbulence model">turbulence model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclined%20jet%20impingement" title=" inclined jet impingement"> inclined jet impingement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20jet%20impingement" title=" single jet impingement"> single jet impingement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stagnation%20point" title=" stagnation point "> stagnation point </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30746/numerical-analysis-of-heat-transfer-characteristics-of-an-orthogonal-and-obliquely-impinging-air-jet-on-a-flat-plate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">296</span> Simulation of Non-Crimp 3D Orthogonal Carbon Fabric Composite for Aerospace Applications Using Finite Element Method </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sh.%20Minapoor">Sh. Minapoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ajeli"> S. Ajeli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Javadi%20Toghchi"> M. Javadi Toghchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-crimp 3D orthogonal fabric composite is one of the textile-based composite materials that are rapidly developing light-weight engineering materials. The present paper focuses on geometric and micro mechanical modeling of non-crimp 3D orthogonal carbon fabric and composites reinforced with it for aerospace applications. In this research meso-finite element (FE) modeling employs for stress analysis in different load conditions. Since mechanical testing of expensive textile carbon composites with specific application isn't affordable, simulation composite in a virtual environment is a helpful way to investigate its mechanical properties in different conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=woven%20composite" title="woven composite">woven composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerospace%20applications" title=" aerospace applications"> aerospace applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31120/simulation-of-non-crimp-3d-orthogonal-carbon-fabric-composite-for-aerospace-applications-using-finite-element-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31120.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">465</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">295</span> Comparative Analysis of Universal Filtered Multi Carrier and Filtered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Systems for Wireless Communications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raja%20Rajeswari%20K">Raja Rajeswari K</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), a multi Carrier transmission technique that has been used in implementing the majority of wireless applications like Wireless Network Protocol Standards (like IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11n), in telecommunications (like LTE, LTE-Advanced) and also in Digital Audio & Video Broadcast standards. The latest research and development in the area of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, Universal Filtered Multi Carrier (UFMC) & Filtered OFDM (F-OFDM) has attracted lots of attention for wideband wireless communications. In this paper UFMC & F-OFDM system are implemented and comparative analysis are carried out in terms of M-ary QAM modulation scheme over Dolph-chebyshev filter & rectangular window filter and to estimate Bit Error Rate (BER) over Rayleigh fading channel. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UFMC" title="UFMC">UFMC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F-OFDM" title=" F-OFDM"> F-OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BER" title=" BER"> BER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M-ary%20QAM" title=" M-ary QAM "> M-ary QAM </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122325/comparative-analysis-of-universal-filtered-multi-carrier-and-filtered-orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing-systems-for-wireless-communications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">294</span> Numerical Solutions of Fredholm Integral Equations by B-Spline Wavelet Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ritu%20Rani">Ritu Rani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we apply minimalistically upheld linear semi-orthogonal B-spline wavelets, exceptionally developed for the limited interim to rough the obscure function present in the integral equations. Semi-orthogonal wavelets utilizing B-spline uniquely developed for the limited interim and these wavelets can be spoken to in a shut frame. This gives a minimized help. Semi-orthogonal wavelets frame the premise in the space L²(R). Utilizing this premise, an arbitrary function in L²(R) can be communicated as the wavelet arrangement. For the limited interim, the wavelet arrangement cannot be totally introduced by utilizing this premise. This is on the grounds that backings of some premise are truncated at the left or right end purposes of the interim. Subsequently, an uncommon premise must be brought into the wavelet development on the limited interim. These functions are alluded to as the limit scaling functions and limit wavelet functions. B-spline wavelet method has been connected to fathom linear and nonlinear integral equations and their systems. The above method diminishes the integral equations to systems of algebraic equations and afterward these systems can be illuminated by any standard numerical methods. Here, we have connected Newton's method with suitable starting speculation for solving these systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi-orthogonal" title="semi-orthogonal">semi-orthogonal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20arrangement" title=" wavelet arrangement"> wavelet arrangement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integral%20equations" title=" integral equations"> integral equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20development" title=" wavelet development "> wavelet development </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125473/numerical-solutions-of-fredholm-integral-equations-by-b-spline-wavelet-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">293</span> Perfomance of PAPR Reduction in OFDM System for Wireless Communications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alcardo%20Alex%20Barakabitze">Alcardo Alex Barakabitze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saddam%20Aziz"> Saddam Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zubair"> Muhammad Zubair </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a special form of multicarrier transmission that splits the total transmission bandwidth into a number of orthogonal and non-overlapping subcarriers and transmit the collection of bits called symbols in parallel using these subcarriers. In this paper, we explore the Peak to Average Power Reduction (PAPR) problem in OFDM systems. We provide the performance analysis of CCDF and BER through MATLAB simulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bit%20error%20ratio%20%28BER%29" title="bit error ratio (BER)">bit error ratio (BER)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20to%20average%20power%20reduction%20%28PAPR%29" title=" peak to average power reduction (PAPR)"> peak to average power reduction (PAPR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-carriers" title=" sub-carriers"> sub-carriers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28754/perfomance-of-papr-reduction-in-ofdm-system-for-wireless-communications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28754.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">542</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">292</span> Improving Temporal Correlations in Empirical Orthogonal Function Expansions for Data Interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Function Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ping%20Bo">Ping Bo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng%20Yunshan"> Meng Yunshan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST) is a key parameter for many operational and scientific applications. However, the disadvantage of SST data is a high percentage of missing data which is mainly caused by cloud coverage. Data Interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Function (DINEOF) algorithm is an EOF-based technique for reconstructing the missing data and has been widely used in oceanographic field. The reconstruction of SST images within a long time series using DINEOF can cause large discontinuities and one solution for this problem is to filter the temporal covariance matrix to reduce the spurious variability. Based on the previous researches, an algorithm is presented in this paper to improve the temporal correlations in EOF expansion. Similar with the previous researches, a filter, such as Laplacian filter, is implemented on the temporal covariance matrix, but the temporal relationship between two consecutive images which is used in the filter is considered in the presented algorithm, for example, two images in the same season are more likely correlated than those in the different seasons, hence the latter one is less weighted in the filter. The presented approach is tested for the monthly nighttime 4-km Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder SST for the long-term period spanning from 1989 to 2006. The results obtained from the presented algorithm are compared to those from the original DINEOF algorithm without filtering and from the DINEOF algorithm with filtering but without taking temporal relationship into account. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20interpolating%20empirical%20orthogonal%20function" title="data interpolating empirical orthogonal function">data interpolating empirical orthogonal function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20reconstruction" title=" image reconstruction"> image reconstruction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sea%20surface%20temperature" title=" sea surface temperature"> sea surface temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temporal%20filter" title=" temporal filter"> temporal filter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64675/improving-temporal-correlations-in-empirical-orthogonal-function-expansions-for-data-interpolating-empirical-orthogonal-function-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64675.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">291</span> A New IFO Estimation Scheme for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keunhong%20Chae">Keunhong Chae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seokho%20Yoon"> Seokho Yoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We address a new integer frequency offset (IFO) estimation scheme with an aid of a pilot for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems. After correlating each continual pilot with a predetermined scattered pilot, the correlation value is again correlated to alleviate the influence of the timing offset. From numerical results, it is demonstrated that the influence of the timing offset on the IFO estimation is significantly decreased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimation" title="estimation">estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integer%20frequency%20offset" title=" integer frequency offset"> integer frequency offset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timing%20offset" title=" timing offset"> timing offset</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22778/a-new-ifo-estimation-scheme-for-orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">568</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">290</span> Sensitivity Based Robust Optimization Using 9 Level Orthogonal Array and Stepwise Regression</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20K.%20Lee">K. K. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20W.%20Han"> H. W. Han</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20L.%20Kang"> H. L. Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20A.%20Kim"> T. A. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Han"> S. H. Han</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For the robust optimization of the manufacturing product design, there are design objectives that must be achieved, such as a minimization of the mean and standard deviation in objective functions within the required sensitivity constraints. The authors utilized the sensitivity of objective functions and constraints with respect to the effective design variables to reduce the computational burden associated with the evaluation of the probabilities. The individual mean and sensitivity values could be estimated easily by using the 9 level orthogonal array based response surface models optimized by the stepwise regression. The present study evaluates a proposed procedure from the robust optimization of rubber domes that are commonly used for keyboard switching, by using the 9 level orthogonal array and stepwise regression along with a desirability function. In addition, a new robust optimization process, i.e., the I2GEO (Identify, Integrate, Generate, Explore and Optimize), was proposed on the basis of the robust optimization in rubber domes. The optimized results from the response surface models and the estimated results by using the finite element analysis were consistent within a small margin of error. The standard deviation of objective function is decreasing 54.17% with suggested sensitivity based robust optimization. (Business for Cooperative R&D between Industry, Academy, and Research Institute funded Korea Small and Medium Business Administration in 2017, S2455569) <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=objective%20function" title="objective function">objective function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthogonal%20array" title=" orthogonal array"> orthogonal array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20surface%20model" title=" response surface model"> response surface model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robust%20optimization" title=" robust optimization"> robust optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stepwise%20regression" title=" stepwise regression"> stepwise regression</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75399/sensitivity-based-robust-optimization-using-9-level-orthogonal-array-and-stepwise-regression" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75399.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">289</span> Experimental and Numerical Investigation of “Machining Induced Residual Stresses” during Orthogonal Machining of Alloy Steel AISI 4340</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theena%20Thayalan">Theena Thayalan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20N.%20Ramesh%20Babu"> K. N. Ramesh Babu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Machining induced residual stress (RS) is one of the most important surface integrity parameters that characterize the near surface layer of a mechanical component, which plays a crucial role in controlling the performance, especially its fatigue life. Since experimental determination of RS is expensive and time consuming, it would be of great benefit if they could be predicted. In such case, it would be possible to select the cutting parameters required to produce a favorable RS profile. In the present study, an effort has been made to develop a 'two dimensional finite element model (FEM)' to simulate orthogonal cutting process and to predict surface and sub-surface RS using the commercial FEA software DEFORM-2D. The developed finite element model has been validated through experimental investigation of RS. In the experimentation, the orthogonal cutting tests were carried out on AISI 4340 by varying the cutting speed (VC) and uncut chip thickness (f) at three levels and the surface & sub-surface RS has been measured using XRD and Electro polishing techniques. The comparison showed that the RS obtained using developed numerical model is in reasonable agreement with that of experimental data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title="FEM">FEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machining" title=" machining"> machining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20stress" title=" residual stress"> residual stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRF" title=" XRF"> XRF</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13728/experimental-and-numerical-investigation-of-machining-induced-residual-stresses-during-orthogonal-machining-of-alloy-steel-aisi-4340" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">288</span> Optimal Harmonic Filters Design of Taiwan High Speed Rail Traction System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying-Pin%20Chang">Ying-Pin Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a method for combining a particle swarm optimization with nonlinear time-varying evolution and orthogonal arrays (PSO-NTVEOA) in the planning of harmonic filters for the high speed railway traction system with specially connected transformers in unbalanced three-phase power systems. The objective is to minimize the cost of the filter, the filters loss, the total harmonic distortion of currents and voltages at each bus simultaneously. An orthogonal array is first conducted to obtain the initial solution set. The set is then treated as the initial training sample. Next, the PSO-NTVEOA method parameters are determined by using matrix experiments with an orthogonal array, in which a minimal number of experiments would have an effect that approximates the full factorial experiments. This PSO-NTVEOA method is then applied to design optimal harmonic filters in Taiwan High Speed Rail (THSR) traction system, where both rectifiers and inverters with IGBT are used. From the results of the illustrative examples, the feasibility of the PSO-NTVEOA to design an optimal passive harmonic filter of THSR system is verified and the design approach can greatly reduce the harmonic distortion. Three design schemes are compared that V-V connection suppressing the 3rd order harmonic, and Scott and Le Blanc connection for the harmonic improvement is better than the V-V connection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonic%20filters" title="harmonic filters">harmonic filters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20swarm%20optimization" title=" particle swarm optimization"> particle swarm optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20time-varying%20evolution" title=" nonlinear time-varying evolution"> nonlinear time-varying evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthogonal%20arrays" title=" orthogonal arrays"> orthogonal arrays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specially%20connected%20transformers" title=" specially connected transformers"> specially connected transformers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3435/optimal-harmonic-filters-design-of-taiwan-high-speed-rail-traction-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3435.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">392</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">287</span> Partially Knowing of Least Support Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (PKLS-OMP) for Recovering Signal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Israa%20Sh.%20Tawfic">Israa Sh. Tawfic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sema%20Koc%20Kayhan"> Sema Koc Kayhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Given a large sparse signal, great wishes are to reconstruct the signal precisely and accurately from lease number of measurements as possible as it could. Although this seems possible by theory, the difficulty is in built an algorithm to perform the accuracy and efficiency of reconstructing. This paper proposes a new proved method to reconstruct sparse signal depend on using new method called Least Support Matching Pursuit (LS-OMP) merge it with the theory of Partial Knowing Support (PSK) given new method called Partially Knowing of Least Support Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (PKLS-OMP). The new methods depend on the greedy algorithm to compute the support which depends on the number of iterations. So to make it faster, the PKLS-OMP adds the idea of partial knowing support of its algorithm. It shows the efficiency, simplicity, and accuracy to get back the original signal if the sampling matrix satisfies the Restricted Isometry Property (RIP). Simulation results also show that it outperforms many algorithms especially for compressible signals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressed%20sensing" title="compressed sensing">compressed sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lest%20support%20orthogonal%20matching%20pursuit" title=" lest support orthogonal matching pursuit"> lest support orthogonal matching pursuit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20knowing%20support" title=" partial knowing support"> partial knowing support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=restricted%20isometry%20property" title=" restricted isometry property"> restricted isometry property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=signal%20reconstruction" title=" signal reconstruction"> signal reconstruction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16008/partially-knowing-of-least-support-orthogonal-matching-pursuit-pkls-omp-for-recovering-signal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16008.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">286</span> A Rapid Code Acquisition Scheme in OOC-Based CDMA Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keunhong%20Chae">Keunhong Chae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seokho%20Yoon"> Seokho Yoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose a code acquisition scheme called improved multiple-shift (IMS) for optical code division multiple access systems, where the optical orthogonal code is used instead of the pseudo noise code. Although the IMS algorithm has a similar process to that of the conventional MS algorithm, it has a better code acquisition performance than the conventional MS algorithm. We analyze the code acquisition performance of the IMS algorithm and compare the code acquisition performances of the MS and the IMS algorithms in single-user and multi-user environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=code%20acquisition" title="code acquisition">code acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20CDMA" title=" optical CDMA"> optical CDMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20orthogonal%20code" title=" optical orthogonal code"> optical orthogonal code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=serial%20algorithm" title=" serial algorithm"> serial algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23348/a-rapid-code-acquisition-scheme-in-ooc-based-cdma-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">540</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">285</span> Influence of Build Orientation on Machinability of Selective Laser Melted Titanium Alloy-Ti-6Al-4V</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manikandakumar%20Shunmugavel">Manikandakumar Shunmugavel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashwin%20Polishetty"> Ashwin Polishetty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moshe%20Goldberg"> Moshe Goldberg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junior%20Nomani"> Junior Nomani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guy%20Littlefair"> Guy Littlefair</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Selective laser melting (SLM), a promising additive manufacturing (AM) technology, has a huge potential in the fabrication of Ti-6Al-4V near-net shape components. However, poor surface finish of the components fabricated from this technology requires secondary machining to achieve the desired accuracy and tolerance. Therefore, a systematic understanding of the machinability of SLM fabricated Ti-6Al-4V components is paramount to improve the productivity and product quality. Considering the significance of machining in SLM fabricated Ti-6Al-4V components, this research aim is to study the influence of build orientation on machinability characteristics by performing low speed orthogonal cutting tests. In addition, the machinability of SLM fabricated Ti-6Al-4V is compared with conventionally produced wrought Ti-6Al-4V to understand the influence of SLM technology on machining. This paper is an attempt to provide evidence to the hypothesis associated that build orientation influences cutting forces, chip formation and surface integrity during orthogonal cutting of SLM Ti-6Al-4V samples. Results obtained from the low speed orthogonal cutting tests highlight the practical importance of microstructure and build orientation on machinability of SLM Ti-6Al-4V. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title="additive manufacturing">additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=build%20orientation" title=" build orientation"> build orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machinability" title=" machinability"> machinability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20alloys%20%28Ti-6Al-4V%29" title=" titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V)"> titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68719/influence-of-build-orientation-on-machinability-of-selective-laser-melted-titanium-alloy-ti-6al-4v" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">284</span> Hot Forging Process Simulation of Outer Tie Rod to Reduce Forming Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyo%20Jin%20An">Kyo Jin An</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bukyo%20Seo"> Bukyo Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Chul%20Park"> Young-Chul Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current trend in car market is increase of parts of automobile and weight in vehicle. It comes from improvement of vehicle performance. Outer tie rod is a part of component of steering system and it is lighter than the others. But, weight lightening is still required for improvement of car mileage. So, we have presented a model of aluminized outer tie rod, but the process of fabrication has to be checked to manufacture the product. Therefore, we have anticipated forming load, die stress and abrasion to use the program of forging interpretation in the part of hot forging process of outer tie rod in this study. Also, we have implemented the experiments design to use the table of orthogonal arrays to reduce the forming load. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forming%20load" title="forming load">forming load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20forging" title=" hot forging"> hot forging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthogonal%20array" title=" orthogonal array"> orthogonal array</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outer%20tie%20rod%20%28OTR%29" title=" outer tie rod (OTR)"> outer tie rod (OTR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi%E2%80%93step%20forging" title=" multi–step forging"> multi–step forging</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15169/hot-forging-process-simulation-of-outer-tie-rod-to-reduce-forming-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15169.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">433</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">283</span> Behavioural Studies on Multidirectional Reinforced 4-D Orthogonal Composites on Various Preform Configurations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sriram%20Venkatesh">Sriram Venkatesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Murali%20Mohan"> V. Murali Mohan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20V.%20Karthikeyan"> T. V. Karthikeyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main advantage of multi-directionally reinforced composites is the freedom to orient selected fibre types and hence derives the benefits of varying fibre volume fractions and there by accommodate the design loads of the final structure of composites. This technology provides the means to produce tailored composites with desired properties. Due to the high level of fibre integrity with through thickness reinforcement those composites are expected to exhibit superior load bearing characteristics with capability to carry load even after noticeable and apparent fracture. However a survey of published literature indicates inadequacy in the design and test data base for the complete characterization of the multidirectional composites. In this paper the research objective is focused on the development and testing of 4-D orthogonal composites with different preform configurations and resin systems. A preform is the skeleton 4D reinforced composite other than the matrix. In 4-D preforms fibre bundles are oriented in three directions at 1200 with respect to each other and they are on orthogonal plane with the fibre in 4th direction. This paper addresses the various types of 4-D composite manufacturing processes and the mechanical test methods followed for the material characterization. A composite analysis is also made, experiments on course and fine woven preforms are conducted and the findings of test results are discussed in this paper. The interpretations of the test results reveal several useful and interesting features. This should pave the way for more widespread use of the perform configurations for allied applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-directionally%20reinforced%20composites" title="multi-directionally reinforced composites">multi-directionally reinforced composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=4-D%20orthogonal%20preform" title=" 4-D orthogonal preform"> 4-D orthogonal preform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=course%20weave" title=" course weave"> course weave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine%20weave" title=" fine weave"> fine weave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibre%20bundle%20spools" title=" fibre bundle spools"> fibre bundle spools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unit%20cell" title=" unit cell"> unit cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibre%20architecture" title=" fibre architecture"> fibre architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibre%20volume%20fraction" title=" fibre volume fraction"> fibre volume fraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibre%20distribution" title=" fibre distribution"> fibre distribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5808/behavioural-studies-on-multidirectional-reinforced-4-d-orthogonal-composites-on-various-preform-configurations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5808.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">282</span> Channel Estimation for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Systems over Doubly Selective Channels Base on DCS-DCSOMP Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linyu%20Wang">Linyu Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Furui%20Huo"> Furui Huo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jianhong%20Xiang"> Jianhong Xiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Doppler shift generated by high-speed movement and multipath effects in the channel are the main reasons for the generation of a time-frequency doubly-selective (DS) channel. There is severe inter-carrier interference (ICI) in the DS channel. Channel estimation for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system over a DS channel is very difficult. The simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm under distributed compressive sensing theory (DCS-SOMP) has been used in channel estimation for OFDM systems over DS channels. However, the reconstruction accuracy of the DCS-SOMP algorithm is not high enough in the low SNR stage. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose an improved DCS-SOMP algorithm based on the inner product difference comparison operation (DCS-DCSOMP). The reconstruction accuracy is improved by increasing the number of candidate indexes and designing the comparison conditions of inner product difference. We combine the DCS-DCSOMP algorithm with the basis expansion model (BEM) to reduce the complexity of channel estimation. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and its advantages over other algorithms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDM" title="OFDM">OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doubly%20selective" title=" doubly selective"> doubly selective</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20estimation" title=" channel estimation"> channel estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressed%20sensing" title=" compressed sensing"> compressed sensing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162873/channel-estimation-for-orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing-systems-over-doubly-selective-channels-base-on-dcs-dcsomp-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162873.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">281</span> New Result for Optical OFDM in Code Division Multiple Access Systems Using Direct Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cherifi%20Abdelhamid">Cherifi Abdelhamid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In optical communication systems, OFDM has received increased attention as a means to overcome various limitations of optical transmission systems such as modal dispersion, relative intensity noise, chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion and self-phase modulation. The multipath dispersion limits the maximum transmission data rates. In this paper we investigate OFDM system where multipath induced intersymbol interference (ISI) is reduced and we increase the number of users by combining OFDM system with OCDMA system using direct detection Incorporate OOC (orthogonal optical code) for minimize a bit error rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDM" title="OFDM">OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OCDMA" title=" OCDMA"> OCDMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OOC%20%28orthogonal%20optical%20code%29" title=" OOC (orthogonal optical code)"> OOC (orthogonal optical code)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%28ISI%29" title=" (ISI)"> (ISI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prim%20codes%20%28Pc%29" title=" prim codes (Pc)"> prim codes (Pc)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19156/new-result-for-optical-ofdm-in-code-division-multiple-access-systems-using-direct-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19156.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">652</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">280</span> Empirical Orthogonal Functions Analysis of Hydrophysical Characteristics in the Shira Lake in Southern Siberia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20S.%20Volodko">Olga S. Volodko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lidiya%20A.%20Kompaniets"> Lidiya A. Kompaniets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ludmila%20V.%20Gavrilova"> Ludmila V. Gavrilova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The method of empirical orthogonal functions is the method of data analysis with a complex spatial-temporal structure. This method allows us to decompose the data into a finite number of modes determined by empirically finding the eigenfunctions of data correlation matrix. The modes have different scales and can be associated with various physical processes. The empirical orthogonal function method has been widely used for the analysis of hydrophysical characteristics, for example, the analysis of sea surface temperatures in the Western North Atlantic, ocean surface currents in the North Carolina, the study of tropical wave disturbances etc. The method used in this study has been applied to the analysis of temperature and velocity measurements in saline Lake Shira (Southern Siberia, Russia). Shira is a shallow lake with the maximum depth of 25 m. The lake Shira can be considered as a closed water site because of it has one small river providing inflow and but it has no outflows. The main factor that causes the motion of fluid is variable wind flows. In summer the lake is strongly stratified by temperature and saline. Long-term measurements of the temperatures and currents were conducted at several points during summer 2014-2015. The temperature has been measured with an accuracy of 0.1 ºC. The data were analyzed using the empirical orthogonal function method in the real version. The first empirical eigenmode accounts for 70-80 % of the energy and can be interpreted as temperature distribution with a thermocline. A thermocline is a thermal layer where the temperature decreases rapidly from the mixed upper layer of the lake to much colder deep water. The higher order modes can be interpreted as oscillations induced by internal waves. The currents measurements were recorded using Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers 600 kHz and 1200 kHz. The data were analyzed using the empirical orthogonal function method in the complex version. The first empirical eigenmode accounts for about 40 % of the energy and corresponds to the Ekman spiral occurring in the case of a stationary homogeneous fluid. Other modes describe the effects associated with the stratification of fluids. The second and next empirical eigenmodes were associated with dynamical modes. These modes were obtained for a simplified model of inhomogeneous three-level fluid at a water site with a flat bottom. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ekman%20spiral" title="Ekman spiral">Ekman spiral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=empirical%20orthogonal%20functions" title=" empirical orthogonal functions"> empirical orthogonal functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20analysis" title=" data analysis"> data analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stratified%20fluid" title=" stratified fluid"> stratified fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermocline" title=" thermocline"> thermocline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85003/empirical-orthogonal-functions-analysis-of-hydrophysical-characteristics-in-the-shira-lake-in-southern-siberia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">279</span> A Robust Frequency Offset Estimator for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keunhong%20Chae">Keunhong Chae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seokho%20Yoon"> Seokho Yoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We address the integer frequency offset (IFO) estimation under the influence of the timing offset (TO) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Incorporating the IFO and TO into the symbol set used to represent the received OFDM symbol, we investigate the influence of the TO on the IFO, and then, propose a combining method between two consecutive OFDM correlations, reducing the influence. The proposed scheme has almost the same complexity as that of the conventional schemes, whereas it does not need the TO knowledge contrary to the conventional schemes. From numerical results it is confirmed that the proposed scheme is insensitive to the TO, consequently, yielding an improvement of the IFO estimation performance over the conventional schemes when the TO exists. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimation" title="estimation">estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integer%20frequency%20offset" title=" integer frequency offset"> integer frequency offset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=timing%20offset" title=" timing offset"> timing offset</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23340/a-robust-frequency-offset-estimator-for-orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23340.pdf" target="_blank" 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