CINXE.COM

د ګندهارا هنر - ويکيپېډيا

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="ps" dir="rtl"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>د ګندهارا هنر - ويکيپېډيا</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )pswikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[".\t,","٫\t٬"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["0\t1\t2\t3\t4\t5\t6\t7\t8\t9", "۰\t۱\t۲\t۳\t۴\t۵\t۶\t۷\t۸\t۹"],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","جنوري","فبروري","مارچ","اپرېل","مې","جون","جولای","اگسټ","سپټمبر","اکتوبر","نومبر","ډيسمبر"],"wgRequestId":"b2596b19-aa95-4fc8-acf4-86b5fe32f375","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"د_ګندهارا_هنر","wgTitle":"د ګندهارا هنر","wgCurRevisionId":311637,"wgRevisionId":311637,"wgArticleId":66524,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["هغه پاڼي چي د جېسن کنفیګرېشن غزونکې اله کاروي","CS1 errors: external links","بودایي دین","ګواتم بود","بوديز","بوداييزم","افغانستان کې 1979- 1989 زېږيزکميونيزم پير","نن","ګندهارا","پ","Pages with unreviewed translations"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ps", "wgPageContentLanguage":"ps","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"د_ګندهارا_هنر","wgRelevantArticleId":66524,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ps","pageLanguageDir":"rtl","pageVariantFallbacks":"ps"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1008014","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform", "platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.39"};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.Font-Amiri":"ready","ext.gadget.palestineTheme":"ready","ext.gadget.WMP-icons":"ready","ext.gadget.Font-Arial":"ready","ext.gadget.HideExLinkIcon":"ready","ext.gadget.Urgent-fixes":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site" ,"mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.events-loader","ext.gadget.Defaulteditnotices","ext.gadget.searchlang","ext.gadget.NoRefCopy","ext.gadget.exlinks","ext.gadget.content-support-loader","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.TemplateParamWizard","ext.gadget.decodesummary","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ps&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ps&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ps&amp;modules=ext.gadget.palestineTheme&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ps&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.18"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="د ګندهارا هنر - ويکيپېډيا"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ps.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="سمول" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="ويکيپېډيا (ps)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ps.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ps"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="ويکيپېډيا د اټوم کتنه" href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki rtl sitedir-rtl mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-د_ګندهارا_هنر rootpage-د_ګندهارا_هنر skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="وېبځی"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="ارنۍ غورنۍ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="اصلي لړليک" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">اصلي لړليک</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">اصلي لړليک</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">پټول</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> گرځښت </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DA%93%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AE" title="آرنی مخ کتل [z]" accesskey="z"><span>لومړی مخ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AF_%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%DB%90_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%87" title="د پروژې په اړه، تاسې څه شيان او چېرته کولای شی چې وې مومۍ"><span>جرګه</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87" title="په ويکي کې د وروستي بدلونو لړليک. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>وروستي بدلونونه</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BC%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%8C_%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%BC%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AE" title="يو ناټاکلی مخ ښکاره کوي [x]" accesskey="x"><span>ناټاکلی مخ</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="د موندلو ځای"><span>لارښود</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%DA%93%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86%D9%87"><span>ځانگړي مخونه</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%DA%93%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%AE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ويکيپېډيا" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ps.svg" style="width: 5.3125em; height: 2em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ps.svg" width="84" height="16" style="width: 5.25em; height: 1em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%BC%D9%86%D9%87" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ويکيپېډيا پلټل [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>پلټنه</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ويکيپېډيا پلټل" aria-label="ويکيپېډيا پلټل" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ويکيپېډيا پلټل [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ځانگړی:پلټنه"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">پلټل</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="شخصي اوزار"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ښکارېدونکې بڼه"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ښکارېدونکې بڼه" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ښکارېدونکې بڼه</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=ps.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ps" class=""><span>بسپنه ورکول</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%93%D9%88%D9%84&amp;returnto=%D8%AF+%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7+%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1" title="تاسې ته د يو گڼون د جوړولو او بيا غونډال کې ورننوتلو سپارښتنه کېږي؛ که څه هم چې دا يو اړين کار نه دی" class=""><span>گڼون جوړول</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D9%86%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%84&amp;returnto=%D8%AF+%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7+%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1" title="تاسې ته په غونډال کې د ننوتلو سپارښتنه کوو، که څه هم چې دا يو اړين کار نه دی. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ننوتل</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="نورې خوښنې" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="شخصي اوزار" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">شخصي اوزار</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="کارن غورنۍ" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=ps.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ps"><span>بسپنه ورکول</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>ونډه اخيستل</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86-%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%93%D9%88%D9%84&amp;returnto=%D8%AF+%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7+%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1" title="تاسې ته د يو گڼون د جوړولو او بيا غونډال کې ورننوتلو سپارښتنه کېږي؛ که څه هم چې دا يو اړين کار نه دی"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>گڼون جوړول</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D9%86%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%84&amp;returnto=%D8%AF+%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7+%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1" title="تاسې ته په غونډال کې د ننوتلو سپارښتنه کوو، که څه هم چې دا يو اړين کار نه دی. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ننوتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> غونډال څخه وتليو سمونگرانو لپاره مخونه <a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>نور مالومات</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7_%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%90" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>خبرې اترې</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eتړل\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"ps\" dir=\"rtl\"\u003E\u003Ctable style=\"border: 1px solid #a40007; padding: 10px; width:100%; background-image: linear-gradient(#000000,#000000)\"\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\"width:10%\"\u003E\u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_(3).svg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg/70px-Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"70\" height=\"99\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg/105px-Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg/140px-Arabic_Wikipedia_Logo_Gaza_%283%29.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"241\" data-file-height=\"342\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\n\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd style=\"width:80%; text-align:center ; color:white\"\u003E\u003Cspan style=\"font-size:180%\"\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003Eد پښتو ویکیپېډیا ټولنه د زړه له کومې د فلسطين د وګړو سره ولاړه ده.\n\u003C/p\u003E\n\n\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="وېبځی"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="مالومات" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">مالومات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">پټول</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">پیل</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-شاليد" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#شاليد"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۱</span> <span>شاليد</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-شاليد-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-سټوپا" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#سټوپا"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۲</span> <span>سټوپا</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-سټوپا-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-د_ګندهارا_هنر_دورې" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#د_ګندهارا_هنر_دورې"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۳</span> <span>د ګندهارا هنر دورې</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-د_ګندهارا_هنر_دورې-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-انځورتون" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#انځورتون"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۴</span> <span>انځورتون</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-انځورتون-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-نور_وګوره" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#نور_وګوره"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۵</span> <span>نور وګوره</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-نور_وګوره-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-سرچينې" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#سرچينې"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">۶</span> <span>سرچينې</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-سرچينې-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="مالومات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="نيوليک" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">د ګندهارا هنر</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ليکنه په بله ژبه کي وګورئ. دا ليکنه په ۲۹ ژبو کې شتون لري." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">۲۹ ژبې</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B0%D9%8A" title="الفن اليوناني البوذي – عربي" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الفن اليوناني البوذي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="عربي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Грэка-будысцкае мастацтва – بېلاروسي" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грэка-будысцкае мастацтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="بېلاروسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_grecobudista" title="Art grecobudista – کټلاني" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Art grecobudista" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="کټلاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandh%C3%A1rsk%C3%A9_um%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Gandhárské umění – چېکي" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gandhárské umění" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="چېکي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Ελληνοβουδιστική τέχνη – یوناني" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελληνοβουδιστική τέχνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="یوناني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art" title="Greco-Buddhist art – انګليسي" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Greco-Buddhist art" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="انګليسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_greco-budista" title="Arte greco-budista – هسپانوي" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arte greco-budista" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="هسپانوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandh%C4%81ra_kunst" title="Gandhāra kunst – حبشي" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gandhāra kunst" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="حبشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="هنر یونانی و بودایی – فارسي" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هنر یونانی و بودایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="فارسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_gr%C3%A9co-bouddhique" title="Art gréco-bouddhique – فرانسوي" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Art gréco-bouddhique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="فرانسوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="गान्धार कला – هندي" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गान्धार कला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="هندي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandh%C3%A1ra_m%C5%B1v%C3%A9szete" title="Gandhára művészete – هنګري" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gandhára művészete" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="هنګري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_Buddha-Yunani" title="Seni Buddha-Yunani – انډونېزي" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Seni Buddha-Yunani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="انډونېزي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_greco-buddista" title="Arte greco-buddista – ایټالوي" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arte greco-buddista" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ایټالوي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93" title="ガンダーラ美術 – جاپاني" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガンダーラ美術" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="جاپاني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%84%EB%8B%A4%EB%9D%BC_%EB%AF%B8%EC%88%A0" title="간다라 미술 – کوریایی" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="간다라 미술" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="کوریایی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B2" title="ഗാന്ധാരകല – مالايالم" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗാന്ധാരകല" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="مالايالم" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="गांधार बौद्ध कला – مراټهي" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गांधार बौद्ध कला" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="مراټهي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="गान्धार कला – نيواري" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गान्धार कला" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="نيواري" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresk-buddhistisk_kunst" title="Gresk-buddhistisk kunst – ناروېئي (بوکمال)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gresk-buddhistisk kunst" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ناروېئي (بوکمال)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਗੰਧਾਰ ਕਲਾ – پنجابي" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੰਧਾਰ ਕਲਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="پنجابي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D9%B9" title="گندھارا آرٹ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گندھارا آرٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_greco-budista" title="Arte greco-budista – پورتګالي" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arte greco-budista" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="پورتګالي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Греко-буддистское искусство – روسي" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Греко-буддистское искусство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="روسي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandhara_art" title="Gandhara art – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gandhara art" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greko-buddhistisk_konst" title="Greko-buddhistisk konst – سویډنی" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Greko-buddhistisk konst" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="سویډنی" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Греко-буддистське мистецтво – اوکرايني" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Греко-буддистське мистецтво" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="اوکرايني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%81%D9%86" title="گندھارا فن – اردو" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گندھارا فن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="اردو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%BC%8F%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93" title="希臘式佛教藝術 – چیني" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="希臘式佛教藝術" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="چیني" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1008014#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="د ژبو خپلمنځي تړنې سمول" class="wbc-editpage">تړنې سمول</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="نوم‌تشيالونه"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1" title="د مخ مېنځپانگه کتل [c]" accesskey="c"><span>مخ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%90_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%90:%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="د مخ د مېنځپانگې په اړه خبرې اترې (تر اوسه پورې نه شته) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>خبرې اترې</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">پښتو</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="کتنې"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1"><span>لوستل</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1&amp;action=edit" title="د دې مخ د سرچينې کوډ سمول [e]" accesskey="e"><span>سمول</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1&amp;action=history" title="د دې مخ پخوانۍ بڼې [h]" accesskey="h"><span>پېښليک کتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="مخ‌ اوزارونه"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="اوزارونه" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">اوزارونه</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">اوزارونه</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">پټول</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> کړنې </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1"><span>لوستل</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1&amp;action=edit" title="د دې مخ د سرچينې کوډ سمول [e]" accesskey="e"><span>سمول</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1&amp;action=history"><span>پېښليک کتل</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ټولگړی </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:WhatLinksHere/%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1" title="د ويکي د ټولو هغو مخونو لړليک چې همدې مخ سره تړنې لري [j]" accesskey="j"><span>د دې مخ تړنې</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:RecentChangesLinked/%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1" rel="nofollow" title="له دې مخ سره د تړل شويو مخونو وروستي بدلونونه [k]" accesskey="k"><span>اړونده بدلونونه</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ps" title="دوتنې پورته کول [u]" accesskey="u"><span>انځور/رسنۍ پورته کول</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1&amp;oldid=311637" title="د دې مخ د همدې بڼې تلپاتې تړنه"><span>تلپاتې تړنه</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1&amp;action=info" title="د دې مخ اړونده نور مالومات"><span>د مخ مالومات</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%A9&amp;page=%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1&amp;id=311637&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="دې مخ ته د اخځ مالومات"><span>د دې مخ اخځ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fps.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25AF_%25DA%25AB%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7_%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D8%25B1"><span>لنډ URL ترلاسه کړئ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fps.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25AF_%25DA%25AB%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7_%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D8%25B1"><span>د QR کوډ يې ډاونلوډ کړئ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> چاپول/صادرول </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:Book&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=%D8%AF+%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7+%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1"><span>يو کتاب جوړول</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>د PDF په بڼه ښکته کول</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1&amp;printable=yes" title="د دې مخ چاپي بڼه [p]" accesskey="p"><span>چاپ‌وړ بڼه</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> په نورو پروژو کې </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Greco-Buddhist_art" hreflang="en"><span>ويکيمېډيا کامنز</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1008014" title="د نښلېدلي اومتوک زېرمتون توکي سره تړنه [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ويکي‌ډېټا توکی</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="مخ‌ اوزارونه"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ښکارېدونکې بڼه"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ښکارېدونکې بڼه</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">څنګپټې ته ورسئ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">پټول</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">د ويکيپېډيا، وړیا پوهنغونډ له خوا</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="ps" dir="rtl"><p><b>د ګندهارا هنر</b> (انګريزي:Art Gundhara یا Greco-Buddhist art) د ګندهارا او بودايي تمدن یوه هنري څرګندونه ده او د کلاسیک یوناني کلتور او <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%85" title="بوديزم">بودايیزم</a> ترمنځ کلتوري همکاري ده چې د شاوخوا زرو کلونو په موده کې په <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%DA%81%D9%86%DB%8D_%D8%A2%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="منځنۍ آسيا">منځنۍ آسیا</a> کې وده کړې. دا دوره د <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="مقدوني سکندر">سکندر</a> اعظم (څلورمې پېړۍ) او د اسلامي فتوحاتو (اومې پېړۍ) ترمنځ موده کې پېښه شوې وه. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="شاليد"><span id=".D8.B4.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.8A.D8.AF"></span>شاليد</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="د سمولو برخه: شاليد"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>د ګندهارا هنر په حقیقت کې د یونان، ساکا، پارتیان او کیشان تمدنونو جوهر دی. د ګندهارا هنر مرکز ټکسلا و، خو ریښې یې پېښور، مردان، سوات، افغانستان (ننګرهار،کونړ، لغمان، کاپيسا او کابل) او حتی منځنۍ اسیا ته غځېدلې. ګندهارا <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>۱<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> د اوسني خيبرپښتونخوا ايالت او شاوخوا نورې سيمې وې چې ريښې يې ترننګرهاره رارسېدلې، خو دا کوچنۍ سیمه د خپل بډایه تمدن او سوله ییز کلتور نښه د روسیې په امو سیند پورې اړه لري. له بلې خوا، د دې نښې نښانې د چین په سرحدي سیمو کې موندل کیږي. د منکیلا سټوپا دوه زره کاله پخوانۍ ده. دا د پام وړ دی ځکه چې د WF Cero په کتاب 'ګندهاراکي مندرونو' کې د چاپ شوې نقشې له مخې، د مانکیالا سټوپا د ګندهارا د سیمې وروستۍ پوله وه چې افغانستان او روسیې ته غځول شوې وه. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>۲<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>د موریا دورې څخه د ګوپتا کورنۍ د ودې په جریان کې، د ډبرو د نقاشۍ نوي ښوونځي په وجود کې راغلل. باریتوا بود ګیا، ماتورا او ګندهارا د دوی په منځ کې د پام وړ دي. ویل کیږي چې د متورا مجسمې لومړنۍ دي چې د ګوتم بودا د انسان په شکل (مجسمه) کې انځور شوې او وروسته د مودې لپاره مشهوره پاتې شوه. د ګندهارا ښوونځي په دې هنر کې خورا لوی پرمختګ وکړ. له همدې امله د ګندهارا هنر اغیزې د برصغیر په ډیرو سیمو کې موندل کیږي. د دې نمونې د پاکستان په شمالي سیمو او د افغانستان په ځینو ځایونو کې موندل کیږي. ټکسيلا په دې برخه کې تر ټولو مخکښ دی. دا ټول اثار د ګوتم بودا ژوند یا مذهبي دودونه لري. په دې مجسمو کې په تفصیل باندې ډیر ټینګار شوی، ترڅو د انسان د بدن حالت سره نږدې ورته وي، د بیلګې په توګه، حتی د عضلاتو د ښودلو هڅه شوې. په دې توګه، د جامو ترتیب خورا مهم شو. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>۳<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>کارپوهان په دې باور دي چې د ګندهارا هنر د یوناني او رومي اغیزې لري، خو ځینو یې د ګندهارا پر ځای هند-یوناني هنر بللی دی. په هرصورت، په دې کې شک نشته چې دا نفوذ باید د باختر د یوناني واکمنانو په وخت کې په سیمه کې منل شوي وي. خو له دې څخه سترګې نه شو پټولای چې د دې مکتب د نمونو په منځ کې د بودا دودونه یا د ګوتم بودا مجسمې شتون لري او د دې هنر خورا د ستاینې وړ مجسمې موږ د ګوتم بودا یا بداستاوا په مجسمو کې ګورو. د ګندهارا هنر د کیشان واکمنانو تر سرپرستۍ لاندې وده وکړه. همدا لامل دی چې د چین ترکستان له لارې نه یوازې چین او جاپان بلکې لرې ختیځ ته هم رسېدلی او موږ د دې سیمو په هنر باندې د ګندهارا هنر په ښکاره توګه لیدلی شو. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>۴<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>ویل کیږي چې پخوا د بودا مجسمه نه وه جوړه شوې او د هغه عبادت نه کېده. بیا د کنشکا څلورمه شورا جوړه شوه چې د کشمیر شورا په نوم یادیږي، چې په هغې کې ډېرې مهمې پرېکړې وشوې او پرېکړه وشوه چې د روم او یونان د خدایانو په څیر د بودا مجسمې کیښودل شي، ترڅو د مجسمو په لیدلو سره د ښکلا احساس وکړي. سوله، له بدمرغۍ او کرکې څخه. نو ویلای شو چې ځینې مجسمه جوړونکي له یونان څخه رابلل شوي وو ترڅو ځایي مجسمه جوړونکو ته د دوی د میتودونو په اړه زده کړه ورکړي. د ګندهارا بودا مجسمې ته د اپولو د خدای کاپي ویل کیږي، مګر دا د ګندهارا په نقاشیو کې موندل شوي زوی او سوله نلري. همدارنګه د ګندهارا د بت نقاشي په تفصیل سره ځي، هغه د تیږو څخه د کیل په اندازه یو شاهکار جوړوي، په داسې حال کې چې یونانیان د لویو مجسمو په جوړولو باور درلود. نه دا چې ګندهارا لويې مجسمې نه وې جوړې کړې، د باميانو سترې مجسمې د دې دورې يادونه ده. په ټکسيلا کې د دھرما راجیکا په سټوپا کې یوه مجسمه شاوخوا څلویښت فوټه لوړه وه. <sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>۵<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="سټوپا"><span id=".D8.B3.D9.BC.D9.88.D9.BE.D8.A7"></span>سټوپا</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="د سمولو برخه: سټوپا"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>د <a href="/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="بودا">ګوتما</a> له مړینې وروسته، د بودایانو په مینځ کې زیارت کول دود شو او دا دود مشهور شو چې بودا هغه ته د څلورو ځایونو د لیدو لارښوونه کړې وه. یو د لمبیني باغ دی چېرې چې بودا زېږېدلی و ، بل د ګیا سره نږدې هغه ونه ده چې لاندې یې روښانتیا ترلاسه کړې ، دریم په بنارس کې د هیر باغ دی چېرې چې هغه په لومړي ځل د مذهب درس ورکړ ، څلورم د نګار یا ځینې ناره دی چېرې چې هغه مړ شو. <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>۶<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>بودیزم د اشوکا د واکمنۍ پرمهال وده وکړه. په دې توګه، د دې دورې هنري تخلیقات د ژورې عقیدې لخوا هڅول شوي چې هره طبقه یې د ګوتم بودا تعلیماتو او تعلیماتو ته درلوده. د ګوتم بودا په وخت کې، د هغې نفوذ په مظلومو او غریبو طبقو پورې محدود و. راهبانو هم د عامو خلکو په څیر ساده ژوند کاوه. دوی نه کور درلود او نه هم شتمني. له کلي به یې تبلیغ کاوه او په خیرات به یې خیټې ډکولې او کله به چې شپه شوه د یوې ونې لاندې به ویده کیدل. خو په تدریج سره بودیزم محکمو ته ورسید او بالاخره اشوکا هم ومنله، بیا بودیزم د شتمنۍ د جلال څرګندونه پیل کړه. اشوکا په خپله امپراتورۍ کې په اتو ځایونو کې سټوپاونه جوړ کړي وو او په هر سټوپا کې یې د ګوتم بودا کوچني نعمتونه ساتل. د ټیکسيلا درم راجیکا په دوی کې ترټولو لوی و. راهبانو د شاهي سټوپا د څارنې لپاره ټاکل شوي وو. د دوی د اوسیدو لپاره دره جوړه شوې وه او شاوخوا ځمکه ورته وقف شوې وه. <sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>۷<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>کله چې حاجیان دننه او بهر روان شول، د ساکیه ماني نروانا دروغ او ریښتینې کیسې لیکل پیل شول. مختلف عبادات ترسره شول. بهکشس د زیارتونو مشران او د رواجونو اجرا کول وټاکل. اوس دوی د خدای بودا ته د حاجیانو د دعا رسولو یوازینۍ وسیله وه. د ګوتما او د هغه د پیروانو مجسمې جوړول پیل شول. د حصارکونو، ګونډه تاویز او ګل پلورونکو دوکانونه پرانستل شول. <sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>۷<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>په ختیځ هند کې قبرونه ګرد وو او د سټوپا په نوم یادیدل. د ګوتاما بودا څخه مخکې، د قبر نښه کونکو ته هیڅ اهمیت نه ورکول کیده، نو دا ممکنه وه چې سټوپا په ځانګړې توګه د ګوتم د ښخولو ځای سمبول وي او بڼه یې یو مذهبي حیثیت ترلاسه کړي. د ګوتما او نورو بودایانو د اثارو لپاره د سټوپا جوړول یو لوی کار ګڼل کیده. معمولا د راهبانو د اوسیدو لپاره یوه در (خانقاه) او د دوی د غونډو لپاره د چیتا (زیارت) د هرې سټوپا تر څنګ جوړ شوی و. په پیل کې، سټوپا یو نیم ګردي قوي گنبد و، چې د یوې څوکۍ پرته د قبر په څیر جوړ شوی و، او د هغې په مینځ کې، د تابوت په ځای کې، د عبادت کولو لپاره اثار ایښودل شوي وو. د سټوپا په پورتنۍ برخه کې یو مربع ځنګل و او پورته یې یو چترا وه. لکه څنګه چې بودا د عبادت څیز ته طواف وکړ، د سټوپا شاوخوا یو ګردي پلیټ فارم جوړ شو. وروسته، سټوپا ته د ډیر درناوي لپاره، دا د ځنګل پوښل شوی. د دې ځنګل په شاوخوا کې د لارښوونو سره سم دروازې وې. د غر نقشه د سټوپا په څیر وه. يعنې په منځ کې انګړ او د هغې شاوخوا کوټې او المارۍ چې انګړ ته خلاصې شوې. یوازینی تعدیل دا و چې په دریو خواو کې کوټې او یوې خوا ته د تګ لپاره لان وو. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>۸<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>سټوپا د بودا د مقبرې په نوم هم پیژندل کیږي. د بودا اثار په اتو سټوپاونو کې ساتل شوي وو، اشوکا دا اثار لیرې کړل او د امپراتورۍ ټولو لویو ښارونو او ولایتونو ته یې واستول او امر یې وکړ چې عالي سټوپاونه جوړ او ښخ کړل شي. په دې توګه دا دوړې په څلور څلویښت زره سټوپاونو کې ساتل شوې وې. له همدې امله سټوپا ته د بودا مقبره هم ویل کیږي. د دې تر څنګ د بودا پیروان او مشران هم ښخ شوي او د بودا په برکت سټوپاونه هم جوړ شوي دي. په دې توګه فاهیان د یوې سټوپا یادونه کوي چې د بودا په کشکول باندې جوړه شوې وه. په دې توګه، شتمنو خلکو هم د شکر په توګه سټوپاونه جوړ کړل. زيارت کوونکي به د سټوپا ګرداب ته د کتلو او د بودا د ژوند بېلابېلې دورې په کې ښودل شوې مجسمې ته د کتلو ترڅنګ د سټوپا ګرد چاپېره ګرځېدل. دا سټوپا د بودا د ژوند په اړه مقدس کتابونه وو. د سټوپا په گنبد کې تل اوه چترۍ وې. کوم چې د اوو آسمانونو استازیتوب کوي. <sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>۵<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="د_ګندهارا_هنر_دورې"><span id=".D8.AF_.DA.AB.D9.86.D8.AF.D9.87.D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.A7_.D9.87.D9.86.D8.B1_.D8.AF.D9.88.D8.B1.DB.90"></span>د ګندهارا هنر دورې</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="د سمولو برخه: د ګندهارا هنر دورې"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>د ګندهارا هنر د تاریخي پلوه په دریو دورو ویشل کیدی شي. لومړۍ دوره چې د یوناني هنر د تقلید لخوا مشخص شوې د لومړۍ پیړۍ تر پیل پورې دوام وکړ. وروسته له هغه چې پارتیان واک ته ورسیدل، په ګندهارا کې یو سیمه ایز عنصر راڅرګند شو. په یوناني هنر کې د بودایانو د عقیدې او پیښو د جذبولو هڅه پیل شوه، او د می د پیالو پر ځای د کمل ګلونه نقش شول. د یوناني خدایانو پر ځای د ګوتاما مجسمې جوړول پیل شول. دا د لومړۍ پیړۍ تر پایه پورې نه و چې د ګندهارا هنرمندانو د یونانیانو لخوا زده شوي هنرونه د ځایی اړتیاو سره سمون خوري او د دوی تخلیقات د ځایی روحیې سره ډک شوي. د ګندهارا دا دوهمه مدرسه د ساسانیانو تر یرغل (۰۳۲ م) پورې همداسې پاتې وه. په دې دوره کې، هنرمندانو د مجسمو او نقاشیو لپاره ډبرې کارولې. د چونې ډبرې لا تر اوسه عملي شوې نه وې. په دې توګه، د ډبرې مجسمې په ګندهارا، سوات او افغانستان کې په پراخه کچه موندل شوي دي. داسې احساس کیده چې په دې سیمو کې د بت جوړولو کارخانې خلاصې وې یا دوی د بودا له عبادت پرته بل څه نه درلودل. د دې دورې بله ځانګړنه دا وه چې مجسمې معمولا د ګوتم بودا، په ځانګړې توګه د کپیل وستو د ژوند پیښې انځوروي. د مثال په توګه، د بودا د وتلو یوه صحنه د کپیل وستو څخه د هغه د نوکر سره په یوه پیړۍ کې انځور شوې ده. په یوه بله صحنه کې، د ګوتم بودا اسونه اکن ناه د خپل مالک پښې ښکلوي او ښکلوي کله چې هغه لاړ شي، او د بودا درې پیروان ښي او چپه ولاړ دي. دا ډول عکس العمل په دریمه دوره کې هم موندل کیږي. <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>۹<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>د ګندهارا هنر دریمه دوره یا دبستان هنر په دریمه او څلورمه پیړیو پورې اړه لري. دا د کشنونو دور دی. د ګندهارا هنر په دې دوره کې وده وکړه او دا دریمه دوره د هنرمندانو لخوا د ډبرو نقاشي پریښودل ځانګړتیا ده. دوی د خټو او چونې څخه د ګنډلو مچیو او نقاشیو په جوړولو پیل وکړ. د ودانۍ په بهر کې د چونې بت او فلکاري پورته شوي، چیرته چې د باران له امله د زیانمنیدو ویره وه. په هرصورت، د هند په برخه کې خامه خاوره کارول شوې. په دې توګه، د ګندهارا د هنر تر ټولو ښکلې نمونه د ګوتم بودا مجسمه ده چې په کالوان سټوپا کې کشف شوې، په دې صحنه کې ګوتم په خپل منډاوا کې ناست دی چې دوه پیروان یې ښي او کیڼ ته ولاړ دي. دوی د خامو خټو څخه جوړ شوي دي مګر پورتنۍ برخه یې د پخې خاورې څخه جوړه شوې او اړخونه یې د خامو خټو څخه جوړ شوي دي. کله چې هنو دې سټوپا ته اور واچاوه، سر یې وسوځاوه. د دې دورې بله ځانګړنه دا ده چې د ګوتم بودا په ژوند کې د پیښو انځورونه پریښودل شوي او یوازې د ګوتما مجسمې جوړې شوې. په ځینو صحنو کې ګوتما په ارادې سره د عبادت کولو لپاره ښودل کیږي، په ځینو صحنو کې په ګوتم ګلونه شیندل کیږي، او په ځینو صحنو کې، ګوتم په مینځ کې ناست دی او څاروي څرېږي. <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>۱۰<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>د کشان په دوره کې، بودیزم وده وکړه او په هر ځای کې سټوپا او زیارتونه جوړ شول. د پېښور مشهوره سټوپا د کنشکا لخوا د کشنانو د واکمنۍ پر مهال جوړه شوې وه. ناڅاپه د وحشیانو یو طوفان راغی او د ګندهارا سیمه د اور په لمبو بدله شوه. هونیانو ښارونه او ښارونه وران کړل او کورونه یې وسوځول. په زرګونو بې ګناه خلک ووژل شول. <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>۱۱<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> خو دا ماتې د محمود غزنوي د بریدونو په پایله کې بشپړه شوه. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="انځورتون"><span id=".D8.A7.D9.86.DA.81.D9.88.D8.B1.D8.AA.D9.88.D9.86"></span>انځورتون</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="د سمولو برخه: انځورتون"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:GandharaMotherGoddess.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/GandharaMotherGoddess.JPG/57px-GandharaMotherGoddess.JPG" decoding="async" width="57" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/GandharaMotherGoddess.JPG/85px-GandharaMotherGoddess.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/GandharaMotherGoddess.JPG/113px-GandharaMotherGoddess.JPG 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Standing_Bodhisattva_Gandhara_Musee_Guimet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Standing_Bodhisattva_Gandhara_Musee_Guimet.jpg/49px-Standing_Bodhisattva_Gandhara_Musee_Guimet.jpg" decoding="async" width="49" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Standing_Bodhisattva_Gandhara_Musee_Guimet.jpg/74px-Standing_Bodhisattva_Gandhara_Musee_Guimet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Standing_Bodhisattva_Gandhara_Musee_Guimet.jpg/99px-Standing_Bodhisattva_Gandhara_Musee_Guimet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="645" data-file-height="1565" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:BuddhaHead.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/BuddhaHead.JPG/84px-BuddhaHead.JPG" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/BuddhaHead.JPG/125px-BuddhaHead.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/BuddhaHead.JPG/167px-BuddhaHead.JPG 2x" data-file-width="548" data-file-height="786" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Gandhara_Buddha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gandhara_Buddha.jpg/80px-Gandhara_Buddha.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gandhara_Buddha.jpg/120px-Gandhara_Buddha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Gandhara_Buddha.jpg/160px-Gandhara_Buddha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="4256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Buddha_Acanthus_Capitol.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Buddha_Acanthus_Capitol.jpg/120px-Buddha_Acanthus_Capitol.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Buddha_Acanthus_Capitol.jpg/180px-Buddha_Acanthus_Capitol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Buddha_Acanthus_Capitol.jpg/240px-Buddha_Acanthus_Capitol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="904" data-file-height="587" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:GandharanAtlas.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/GandharanAtlas.JPG/120px-GandharanAtlas.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/GandharanAtlas.JPG/180px-GandharanAtlas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/GandharanAtlas.JPG/240px-GandharanAtlas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1586" data-file-height="952" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:KushanMaitreya.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/KushanMaitreya.JPG/51px-KushanMaitreya.JPG" decoding="async" width="51" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/KushanMaitreya.JPG/77px-KushanMaitreya.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/KushanMaitreya.JPG/103px-KushanMaitreya.JPG 2x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="628" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Indo-GreekBanquet.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Indo-GreekBanquet.JPG/120px-Indo-GreekBanquet.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Indo-GreekBanquet.JPG/180px-Indo-GreekBanquet.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Indo-GreekBanquet.JPG/240px-Indo-GreekBanquet.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="830" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:MayaDream.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/MayaDream.jpg/120px-MayaDream.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/MayaDream.jpg/180px-MayaDream.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/MayaDream.jpg/240px-MayaDream.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:SiddhartaBirth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/SiddhartaBirth.jpg/120px-SiddhartaBirth.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/SiddhartaBirth.jpg/180px-SiddhartaBirth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/SiddhartaBirth.jpg/240px-SiddhartaBirth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="653" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:LeavingPalace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/LeavingPalace.jpg/120px-LeavingPalace.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/LeavingPalace.jpg/180px-LeavingPalace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/LeavingPalace.jpg/240px-LeavingPalace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="905" data-file-height="611" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:EndAscetism.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/EndAscetism.JPG/120px-EndAscetism.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/EndAscetism.JPG/180px-EndAscetism.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/EndAscetism.JPG/240px-EndAscetism.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1586" data-file-height="945" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Sarnath3.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sarnath3.JPG/120px-Sarnath3.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sarnath3.JPG/180px-Sarnath3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Sarnath3.JPG/240px-Sarnath3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1186" data-file-height="612" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Gandhara_Buddha_scene.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Gandhara_Buddha_scene.jpg/120px-Gandhara_Buddha_scene.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Gandhara_Buddha_scene.jpg/180px-Gandhara_Buddha_scene.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Gandhara_Buddha_scene.jpg/240px-Gandhara_Buddha_scene.jpg 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="406" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Paranirvana.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Paranirvana.JPG/120px-Paranirvana.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Paranirvana.JPG/180px-Paranirvana.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Paranirvana.JPG/240px-Paranirvana.JPG 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="653" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:HaddaSculpture.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/HaddaSculpture.jpg/87px-HaddaSculpture.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/HaddaSculpture.jpg/130px-HaddaSculpture.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/HaddaSculpture.jpg/174px-HaddaSculpture.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="993" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:HaddaBodhisattva.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/HaddaBodhisattva.jpg/120px-HaddaBodhisattva.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/HaddaBodhisattva.jpg/180px-HaddaBodhisattva.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/HaddaBodhisattva.jpg/240px-HaddaBodhisattva.jpg 2x" data-file-width="998" data-file-height="771" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:GandharaScrolls.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/GandharaScrolls.JPG/120px-GandharaScrolls.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/GandharaScrolls.JPG/180px-GandharaScrolls.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/GandharaScrolls.JPG/240px-GandharaScrolls.JPG 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="198" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:GandharaFrieze.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/GandharaFrieze.JPG/120px-GandharaFrieze.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/GandharaFrieze.JPG/180px-GandharaFrieze.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/GandharaFrieze.JPG/240px-GandharaFrieze.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="630" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:StonePalette1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/StonePalette1.JPG/120px-StonePalette1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/StonePalette1.JPG/180px-StonePalette1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/StonePalette1.JPG/240px-StonePalette1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1715" data-file-height="1684" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Hadda_laughing_boy_008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hadda_laughing_boy_008.jpg/90px-Hadda_laughing_boy_008.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hadda_laughing_boy_008.jpg/135px-Hadda_laughing_boy_008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Hadda_laughing_boy_008.jpg/180px-Hadda_laughing_boy_008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%87:Gandhara,_bodhisattva_assiso,_II_sec..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Gandhara%2C_bodhisattva_assiso%2C_II_sec..JPG/85px-Gandhara%2C_bodhisattva_assiso%2C_II_sec..JPG" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Gandhara%2C_bodhisattva_assiso%2C_II_sec..JPG/127px-Gandhara%2C_bodhisattva_assiso%2C_II_sec..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Gandhara%2C_bodhisattva_assiso%2C_II_sec..JPG/170px-Gandhara%2C_bodhisattva_assiso%2C_II_sec..JPG 2x" data-file-width="1312" data-file-height="1856" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="نور_وګوره"><span id=".D9.86.D9.88.D8.B1_.D9.88.DA.AB.D9.88.D8.B1.D9.87"></span>نور وګوره</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="د سمولو برخه: نور وګوره"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>بودیزم</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="سرچينې"><span id=".D8.B3.D8.B1.DA.86.D9.8A.D9.86.DB.90"></span>سرچينې</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="د سمولو برخه: سرچينې"><span>سمول</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em; -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">سبط حسن، پاکستان میں تہذیب کا ارتقا۔ صفحہ 135</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">مستنصر حسین تارڑ۔ سفر شمال کے، صفحہ 35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ڈاکٹرمعین الدین، عہد قدیم اور سلطنت دہلی۔ 197، 198</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">ڈاکٹرمعین الدین، عہد قدیم اور سلطنت دہلی۔ صفحہ 198، 199</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-0">۵٫۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_5-1">۵٫۱</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">مستنصر حسین تارڑ۔ سفر شمال کے۔ صفحہ 35، 36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">پرفیسر محمد مجیب۔ تمدن ہند قدیم، صفحہ 831</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_7-0">۷٫۰</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_7-1">۷٫۱</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">سبط حسن، پاکستان میں تہذیب کا ارتقا۔ صفحہ 141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">پرفیسر محمد مجیب۔ تمذن ہند قدیم، صفحہ 138۔139</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">سبط حسن، پاکستان میں تہذیب کا ارتقا۔ صفحہ 141، 142</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">سبط حسن، پاکستان میں تہذیب کا ارتقا۔ صفحہ 144، 146</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">سبط حسن، پاکستان میں تہذیب کا ارتقا۔ صفحہ 146</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r262776">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/33392/rec/2"></a></i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/33392/rec/2">Along the ancient silk routes: Central Asian art from the West Berlin State Museums<i></i></a>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1982. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISBN_(identifier)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ISBN (identifier) (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%8A%D9%86%DB%90/9780870993008" title="ځانگړی:د کتاب سرچينې/9780870993008"><bdi>9780870993008</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%5Bhttp%3A%2F%2Flibmma.contentdm.oclc.org%2Fcdm%2Fcompoundobject%2Fcollection%2Fp15324coll10%2Fid%2F33392%2Frec%2F2+Along+the+ancient+silk+routes%3A+Central+Asian+art+from+the+West+Berlin+State+Museums%5D&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rft.isbn=9780870993008&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fps.wikipedia.org%3A%D8%AF+%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7+%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Cite_book" class="mw-redirect" title="کينډۍ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">External link in <code class="cs1-code"><code class="cs1-code">&#124;title=</code></code> (<a href="/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%9A%D9%88%D8%AF:CS1_errors#param_has_ext_link" title="لارښود:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></li> <li>احسان علی اور محمد نعیم قاضی<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/GandharanSculpturesInPeshawarMuseum">Gandharan Sculptures in Peshawar Museum</a></i>، ہزارہ یونی ورسٹی، مانسہرہ۔</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Foucher&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Foucher (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Alfred Foucher</a>, 1865-1952; Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/details/lartgrcobouddh02foucuoft">L'art gréco-bouddhique du Gandhâra&#160;: étude sur les origines de l'influence classique dans l'art bouddhique de l'Inde et de l'Extrême-Orient (1905)</a></i>, Paris&#160;: E. Leroux.</li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8D:Greco-Buddhist_art&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="کينډۍ:Greco-Buddhist art (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">کينډۍ:Greco-Buddhist art</a> </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐6699496d4f‐p9p9b Cached time: 20250212042405 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.121 seconds Real time usage: 0.177 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 286/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 3539/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 166/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 24365/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.055/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2530854/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 101.411 1 -total 77.25% 78.342 1 کينډۍ:Cite_book 21.38% 21.678 1 کينډۍ:لړسرچينې 1.78% 1.806 1 کينډۍ:Main_other 1.74% 1.760 1 کينډۍ:Column-width 1.17% 1.183 1 کينډۍ:Greco-Buddhist_art --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key pswiki:pcache:66524:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250212042405 and revision id 311637. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=د_ګندهارا_هنر&amp;oldid=311637">https://ps.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=د_ګندهارا_هنر&amp;oldid=311637</a>" نه اخيستل شوی</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%DA%81%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C:%D9%88%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%DB%90" title="ځانگړی:وېشنيزې">وېشنيزې</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%87:%D9%87%D8%BA%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%BC%D9%8A_%DA%86%D9%8A_%D8%AF_%D8%AC%DB%90%D8%B3%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C%DA%AB%D8%B1%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%90_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%8A&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="وېشنيزه:هغه پاڼي چي د جېسن کنفیګرېشن غزونکې اله کاروي (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">هغه پاڼي چي د جېسن کنفیګرېشن غزونکې اله کاروي</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%87:CS1_errors:_external_links&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="وېشنيزه:CS1 errors: external links (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">CS1 errors: external links</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%87:%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%8A_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="وېشنيزه:بودایي دین (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">بودایي دین</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%87:%DA%AB%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%85_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="وېشنيزه:ګواتم بود (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ګواتم بود</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%87:%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B2&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="وېشنيزه:بوديز (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">بوديز</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%87:%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%85&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="وېشنيزه:بوداييزم (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">بوداييزم</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%87:%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%DB%90_1979-_1989_%D8%B2%DB%90%DA%96%D9%8A%D8%B2%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%85_%D9%BE%D9%8A%D8%B1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="وېشنيزه:افغانستان کې 1979- 1989 زېږيزکميونيزم پير (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">افغانستان کې 1979- 1989 زېږيزکميونيزم پير</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%87:%D9%86%D9%86&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="وېشنيزه:نن (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">نن</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%87:%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="وېشنيزه:ګندهارا (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">ګندهارا</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%87:%D9%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="وېشنيزه:پ (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">پ</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%88%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%87:Pages_with_unreviewed_translations&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="وېشنيزه:Pages with unreviewed translations (تر اوسه پورې نه شته)">Pages with unreviewed translations</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> دا مخ وروستی ځل په ۰۷:۳۳، ۱۶ فبروري ۲۰۲۴ بدلون موندلی.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">دا متن د <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">کريټيف کامنز ورته-شريکېدنې-اړوندتيا منښتليک</a> له مخې خپور شوی؛ اضافه شرطونه به هم کارېدلي وي. د لا تفصيل لپاره <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">د کارولو شرطونه</a> وگورئ.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">د پټنتيا تگلاره</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%BE%D9%87_%D8%A7%DA%93%D9%87">د ويکيپېډيا په اړه</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE%DB%90%DA%89%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%BC%D9%88%D9%84%DA%AF%DA%93%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%DA%A9">ردادعاليکونه</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">د چلند تگلاره</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">پرمختگگران:</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ps.wikipedia.org">شمار</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">د کوکيز ويناليک</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ps.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">د موبايل په بڼې کتل</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>پلټنه</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ويکيپېډيا پلټل"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ځانگړی:پلټنه"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">پلټل</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="مالومات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">د ګندهارا هنر</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>۲۹ ژبې</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>سرليک ورگډول</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-64b5bb4b79-wzx9s","wgBackendResponseTime":144,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.121","walltime":"0.177","ppvisitednodes":{"value":286,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":3539,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":166,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":8,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":24365,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 101.411 1 -total"," 77.25% 78.342 1 کينډۍ:Cite_book"," 21.38% 21.678 1 کينډۍ:لړسرچينې"," 1.78% 1.806 1 کينډۍ:Main_other"," 1.74% 1.760 1 کينډۍ:Column-width"," 1.17% 1.183 1 کينډۍ:Greco-Buddhist_art"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.055","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2530854,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-6699496d4f-p9p9b","timestamp":"20250212042405","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u062f \u06ab\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0631","url":"https:\/\/ps.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AF_%DA%AB%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1008014","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1008014","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2022-12-26T10:31:17Z","dateModified":"2024-02-16T07:33:56Z"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages： 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10