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<li id="toc-Prelude" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prelude"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prelude</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prelude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Congress_of_Berlin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Congress_of_Berlin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Congress of Berlin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Congress_of_Berlin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Balkan_Wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Balkan_Wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Balkan Wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Balkan_Wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Delineation_of_the_Albanian_border" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Delineation_of_the_Albanian_border"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Delineation of the Albanian border</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Delineation_of_the_Albanian_border-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plans_for_further_partition_of_Albania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plans_for_further_partition_of_Albania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Plans for further partition of Albania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plans_for_further_partition_of_Albania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albaniyan%C4%B1n_b%C3%B6l%C3%BCnm%C9%99si" title="Albaniyanın bölünməsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Albaniyanın bölünməsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Граници на Албания – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Граници на Албания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festlegung_der_albanischen_Grenze" title="Festlegung der albanischen Grenze – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Festlegung der albanischen Grenze" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%BB%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Διαίρεση της Αλβανίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διαίρεση της Αλβανίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartizione_dell%27Albania" title="Spartizione dell'Albania – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Spartizione dell'Albania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A7%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%90" title="ალბანეთის გაყოფა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალბანეთის გაყოფა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alb%C4%81nijas_robe%C5%BEu_noteik%C5%A1ana" title="Albānijas robežu noteikšana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Albānijas robežu noteikšana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alb%C3%A1nia_Hat%C3%A1rait_Kijel%C3%B6l%C5%91_Nemzetk%C3%B6zi_Bizotts%C3%A1g" title="Albánia Határait Kijelölő Nemzetközi Bizottság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Albánia Határait Kijelölő Nemzetközi Bizottság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Граници на Албанија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Граници на Албанија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albaniya_chegaralarini_aniqlash" title="Albaniya chegaralarini aniqlash – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Albaniya chegaralarini aniqlash" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Alb%C3%A2nia" title="Partição da Albânia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partição da Albânia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Emp%C4%83r%C8%9Birea_Albaniei" title="Împărțirea Albaniei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Împărțirea Albaniei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Определение границ Албании – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Определение границ Албании" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cop%C3%ABtimi_i_Shqip%C3%ABris%C3%AB" title="Copëtimi i Shqipërisë – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Copëtimi i Shqipërisë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albaniens_delning" title="Albaniens delning – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Albaniens delning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnavutluk%27un_b%C3%B6l%C3%BCnmesi" title="Arnavutluk'un bölünmesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arnavutluk'un bölünmesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" 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state</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Srpska_osvajanja_1912.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Occupation of Albania by Serbia, Montenegro, and Greece during the First Balkan War"><img alt="Occupation of Albania by Serbia, Montenegro, and Greece during the First Balkan War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Srpska_osvajanja_1912.png/150px-Srpska_osvajanja_1912.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Srpska_osvajanja_1912.png/225px-Srpska_osvajanja_1912.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Srpska_osvajanja_1912.png/300px-Srpska_osvajanja_1912.png 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="559" /></a><figcaption>Occupation of Albania by Serbia, Montenegro, and Greece during the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Principality_of_Albania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Principality_of_Albania.svg/150px-Principality_of_Albania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Principality_of_Albania.svg/225px-Principality_of_Albania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Principality_of_Albania.svg/300px-Principality_of_Albania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1700" /></a><figcaption>Map of the proposed Albanian state by the provisional government of Principality of Albania, compared to proposal of the Balkan League together with French and Russia and the fixed borders by the Ambassadors and Boundary Commission.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Partition of Albania</b> (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">Copëtimi i Shqipërisë</i>) is a term used for the partition of the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Albania" title="Independent Albania">Albanian</a> state, which proclaimed its independence on 28 November 1912. The delineation of the newly established <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">Principality of Albania</a> under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/London_Conference_of_1912%E2%80%931913" title="London Conference of 1912–1913">London Conference of 1912–1913</a> (29 July 1913) and the Ambassadors of the six Great Powers of that time (Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia and Italy) left Albanian and non-Albanian populations on both sides of the border. Representatives of the Albanian national movement viewed this as a partition of claimed Albanian-inhabited territories, also territories contained in a proposed <a href="/wiki/Albanian_Vilayet" title="Albanian Vilayet">Albanian Vilayet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the establishment of the Albanian state, there were plans to further partition Albania during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Staar_1984_3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staar_1984_3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, Albania was not partitioned and maintained its independent existence.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional plans of partition were negotiated during and after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer_1999_15_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer_1999_15-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partition_of_Albania&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prelude">Prelude</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partition_of_Albania&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prelude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albanski_vilajet.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Albanski_vilajet.png/150px-Albanski_vilajet.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Albanski_vilajet.png/225px-Albanski_vilajet.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Albanski_vilajet.png/300px-Albanski_vilajet.png 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>The four Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Ottoman_Empire#Administrative_reform.2C_1864" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire">vilayets</a> clearly divided (vilayet of İşkodra, Yannina, Monastir and Kosovo as proposed by the League of Prizren for full autonomy)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War</a> severely contracted the Ottoman possessions in the Balkan Peninsula, leaving the empire with only a precarious hold on Macedonia and the western Balkans. Albanians had been under Ottoman Empire since 1479 with the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shkodra" title="Siege of Shkodra">fall of Shkodër</a>. The region claimed by Albanian national leader was ethnically heterogeneous, consisting of large areas inhabited also by Bulgarians, Greeks, Serbians, Turks and Aromanians,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though <a href="/wiki/Sami_Frash%C3%ABri" title="Sami Frashëri">Sami Frashëri</a> (or Şemseddin Sami) claimed that Albanians were the majority of the population in the four vilayets of İşkodra, Yannina, Monastir and Kosovo.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first postwar treaty, the abortive <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano" title="Treaty of San Stefano">Treaty of San Stefano</a> signed on 3 March 1878, assigned Albanian-populated lands to Serbia, Montenegro, and Bulgaria. <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> blocked the arrangement because it awarded Russia a predominant position in the Balkans and thereby upset the European <a href="/wiki/Balance_of_power_in_international_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Balance of power in international relations">balance of power</a>. A peace conference to settle the dispute was held later in the year in Berlin. The <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a> ceded to Montenegro the cities of <a href="/wiki/Bar,_Montenegro" title="Bar, Montenegro">Bar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a> and areas around the mountain villages of <a href="/wiki/Gusinje" title="Gusinje">Gusinje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plav,_Montenegro" title="Plav, Montenegro">Plav</a>, which Albanian leaders considered Albanian territory, and viewed this as a partition of Albanian-inhabited territories.<sup id="cite_ref-Vickers1999_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vickers1999-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1879, the Powers insisted that the Porte give up the Albanian-claimed areas of Plava, Podgorica, Gucia and Ulcinj, and withdraw all Ottoman troops from the disputed zones. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Congress_of_Berlin">Congress of Berlin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partition_of_Albania&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Congress of Berlin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Congress of Berlin was the partition of some of the Albanian-inhabited territories, which Albanians considered to be part of the Albanian Vilayet. The congress ceded to Montenegro the cities of Bar and Podgorica and areas around the mountain villages of Gusinje and Plav. The Albanians created the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Prizren" title="League of Prizren">League of Prizren</a> to counter the loss of territories where Albanians were a majority, and organized armed resistance efforts in Gusinje and Plav, where the Montenegrin forces were met by fierce resistance. A border tribesman at the time described the frontier as "floating on blood". Seeing the resistance, the Congress decided to give Ulcinj to Montenegro. The League of Prizren was forced to retreat from Ulcinj, after being crushed by the Ottoman army led by Dervish Pasha.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Balkan_Wars">Balkan Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partition_of_Albania&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Balkan Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:28nentor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/28nentor.jpg/150px-28nentor.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/28nentor.jpg/225px-28nentor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/28nentor.jpg/300px-28nentor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Albanian Declaration of Independence">Albanian Declaration of Independence</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB" title="Vlorë">Vlorë</a> 1912.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 8 October 1912, Montenegrin troops marched in the vilayet of Shkodra. That was followed by Serbia, Bulgaria, and Greece to declare war on Ottoman Empire, thus starting the <a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a>. Montenegrin, Serbian and Greek forces advanced in territories which were majorly populated by Albanians, and tried to change the ethnic reality through extermination of the Albanian population, with around 25 000 Albanians killed by early 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alarmed at the plans of Montenegro, Serbia and Greece to partition between them the territories of the western Balkans, the Albanians delegates met at a congress in <a href="/wiki/Vlor%C3%AB" title="Vlorë">Vlorë</a>, where on 28 November 1912 declared the independence of Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 3 December 1912, the ambassadors of the six Great Powers of that time (Great Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia and Italy) met in London to decide about the fate of the Albanian-inhabited territories. After much discussion, the Ambassadors reached a formal decision on 29 July 1913 to establish the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">Principality of Albania</a> which independence would be recognized, It was agreed by the Great Powers that Serbia would not extend to the coast and that an Albanian state would be created.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Austria-Hungary argued that all Albanian inhabited lands should be included in it but was opposed by France and Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than half of the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Albania" title="Independent Albania">Independent Albania</a> and about 30%-40%<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the ethnic Albanian population would be awarded to Serbia, Montenegro, and Greece. Though deprived of more than half of its ethnic territory, Albania would be a sovereign state independent of the Ottoman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Delineation_of_the_Albanian_border">Delineation of the Albanian border</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partition_of_Albania&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Delineation of the Albanian border"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A number of boundary commissions were sent to Albania in order to delineate the borders of the new state, on an ethnographic basis, according to the terms of the London Peace Conferences. However, the commission being unable to delineate the area of southern Albania on such a basis, fell back upon economic, strategic and geographical arguments for the delimitation of the southern border. As a result, most of the disputed area was left to Albania. This decision catalyzed an uprising among the local Greek population, which declared the population of the region that was temporary settled by the <a href="/wiki/Protocol_of_Corfu" title="Protocol of Corfu">Protocol of Corfu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AutonomyDeclaration1914.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/AutonomyDeclaration1914.jpg/150px-AutonomyDeclaration1914.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/AutonomyDeclaration1914.jpg/225px-AutonomyDeclaration1914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/AutonomyDeclaration1914.jpg/300px-AutonomyDeclaration1914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1441" data-file-height="952" /></a><figcaption>Declaration of the Northern Epirote Independence in Gjirokastër, against annexation of the region to the newly established Albanian state.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plans_for_further_partition_of_Albania">Plans for further partition of Albania</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partition_of_Albania&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Plans for further partition of Albania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the establishment of the Albanian state, in 1912, there were plans to further partition Albania during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. In 1915, a secret treaty signed in London included the partitioning of the country,<sup id="cite_ref-Staar_1984_3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Staar_1984_3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of this treaty, in 1919 an agreement was signed between Italy and Greece that included plans of annexation of Albania between the two countries.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to this agreement, known as <a href="/wiki/Venizelos%E2%80%93Tittoni_agreement" title="Venizelos–Tittoni agreement">Venizelos–Tittoni agreement</a>, signed on 20 July 1919, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Epirus" title="Northern Epirus">Northern Epirus</a> (parts of southern Albania) would be incorporated to Greece, while Greece would recognize an Italian mandate for central Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the <a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a> in 1939, there were discussions concerning partition between <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> and Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer_1999_15_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer_1999_15-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, in 1944, while Albania came under communist control, a resolution of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> supported the cession of Northern Epirus to Greece.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partition_of_Albania&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albania-CIA_WFB_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Albania-CIA_WFB_Map.png/150px-Albania-CIA_WFB_Map.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Albania-CIA_WFB_Map.png/225px-Albania-CIA_WFB_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Albania-CIA_WFB_Map.png/300px-Albania-CIA_WFB_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="348" /></a><figcaption>Any plans of partition of the Albanian state were unsuccessful and Albania retained its 1913 territories (pictured).</figcaption></figure> <p>The borders of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">Principality of Albania</a> established in 1913 left a large number of ethnic Albanians outside the new state, and many of them fled or were forcibly driven inside the recognized borders of Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partition_of_Albania&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Prizren" title="League of Prizren">League of Prizren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Albania" title="History of Albania">History of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Albanian Declaration of Independence">Albanian Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism" title="Albanian nationalism">Albanian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albania_during_the_Balkan_Wars" title="Albania during the Balkan Wars">Albania during the Balkan Wars</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partition_of_Albania&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMerrill1999" class="citation book cs1">Merrill, Christopher (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iQ3qG1s0LSgC&dq=partition+of+Albania+1913&pg=PA230"><i>Only the Nails Remain: Scenes from the Balkan Wars</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-1686-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-1686-1"><bdi>978-0-7425-1686-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Only+the+Nails+Remain%3A+Scenes+from+the+Balkan+Wars&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-1686-1&rft.aulast=Merrill&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiQ3qG1s0LSgC%26dq%3Dpartition%2Bof%2BAlbania%2B1913%26pg%3DPA230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagocsiMulticultural_History_Society_of_Ontario1999" class="citation book cs1">Magocsi, Paul R.; Multicultural History Society of Ontario (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dbUuX0mnvQMC&dq=partition+of+Albania+1913&pg=PA180"><i>Encyclopedia of Canada's peoples</i></a>. University of Toronto Press. p. 180. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-2938-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-2938-6"><bdi>978-0-8020-2938-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Canada%27s+peoples&rft.pages=180&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-2938-6&rft.aulast=Magocsi&rft.aufirst=Paul+R.&rft.au=Multicultural+History+Society+of+Ontario&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdbUuX0mnvQMC%26dq%3Dpartition%2Bof%2BAlbania%2B1913%26pg%3DPA180&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwandner-SieversBernd_Jürgen_Fischer2002" class="citation book cs1">Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie; Bernd Jürgen Fischer (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oRASDq3rc-YC&dq=partition+of+Albania+1913&pg=PA44"><i>Albanian identities: myth and history</i></a>. Indiana University Press. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34189-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34189-1"><bdi>978-0-253-34189-1</bdi></a>. <q>..events of 1913 when a major part of the Albanian-inhabited territories was partitioned among neighbouring Balkan states.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albanian+identities%3A+myth+and+history&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-253-34189-1&rft.aulast=Schwandner-Sievers&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.au=Bernd+J%C3%BCrgen+Fischer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoRASDq3rc-YC%26dq%3Dpartition%2Bof%2BAlbania%2B1913%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Staar_1984_3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Staar_1984_3_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Staar_1984_3_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaar1984" class="citation book cs1">Staar, Richard F. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ugeMgomY7hAC&pg=PA3"><i>Communist regimes in Eastern Europe</i></a> (4. ed., 3. print. ed.). Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Inst. Press, Stanford Univ. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-7692-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8179-7692-7"><bdi>978-0-8179-7692-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Communist+regimes+in+Eastern+Europe&rft.place=Stanford%2C+Calif.&rft.pages=3&rft.edition=4.+ed.%2C+3.+print.&rft.pub=Hoover+Inst.+Press%2C+Stanford+Univ.&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-8179-7692-7&rft.aulast=Staar&rft.aufirst=Richard+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DugeMgomY7hAC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://csis.org/files/media/csis/events/070507_transcript.pdf">"U.S.-ALBANIAN RELATIONS AND ALBANIA'S PROGRESS TOWARD EU AND NATO"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.-ALBANIAN+RELATIONS+AND+ALBANIA%27S+PROGRESS+TOWARD+EU+AND+NATO&rft.pub=CENTER+FOR+STRATEGIC+AND+INTERNATIONAL+STUDIES&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcsis.org%2Ffiles%2Fmedia%2Fcsis%2Fevents%2F070507_transcript.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer_1999_15-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer_1999_15_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer_1999_15_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer1999" class="citation book cs1">Fischer, Bernd J. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P-MiG9ngCp8C&dq=%22partition+of+Albania%22&pg=PA15"><i>Albania at war : 1939-1945</i></a>. London: Hurst. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-531-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-531-2"><bdi>978-1-85065-531-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albania+at+war+%3A+1939-1945&rft.place=London&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Hurst&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-531-2&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Bernd+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP-MiG9ngCp8C%26dq%3D%2522partition%2Bof%2BAlbania%2522%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavlowitch1999" class="citation book cs1">Pavlowitch, Stevan K. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zT5pAAAAMAAJ&q=%22its+population+was+made+up+of+several+ethnic+groups%22"><i>A history of the Balkans, 1804 - 1945</i></a>. London [u.a.]: Longman. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-04584-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-04584-2"><bdi>978-0-582-04584-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+the+Balkans%2C+1804+-+1945&rft.place=London+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-582-04584-2&rft.aulast=Pavlowitch&rft.aufirst=Stevan+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzT5pAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522its%2Bpopulation%2Bwas%2Bmade%2Bup%2Bof%2Bseveral%2Bethnic%2Bgroups%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirály1985" class="citation book cs1">Király, Béla K. (1985). Gale Stokes (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M2HfAAAAMAAJ&q=%22The+four+vilayets+to+be+included+in+the+new+vilayet+contained+large+areas+inhabited+by+Bulgarians%2C+Greeks%2C+or+Serbians+%22"><i>Insurrections, wars, and the Eastern crisis in the 1870s</i></a>. Boulder: Social Science Monographs. p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88033-090-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88033-090-9"><bdi>978-0-88033-090-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Insurrections%2C+wars%2C+and+the+Eastern+crisis+in+the+1870s&rft.place=Boulder&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Social+Science+Monographs&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-88033-090-9&rft.aulast=Kir%C3%A1ly&rft.aufirst=B%C3%A9la+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM2HfAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522The%2Bfour%2Bvilayets%2Bto%2Bbe%2Bincluded%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bnew%2Bvilayet%2Bcontained%2Blarge%2Bareas%2Binhabited%2Bby%2BBulgarians%252C%2BGreeks%252C%2Bor%2BSerbians%2B%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGawrych2006" class="citation book cs1">Gawrych, George Walter (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wPOtzk-unJgC&dq=Albanian+vilayets+ethnicity&pg=PA100"><i>The crescent and the eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. pp. 99–101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-287-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-287-5"><bdi>978-1-84511-287-5</bdi></a>. <q>Albanians comprised a majority in all four provionces</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+crescent+and+the+eagle%3A+Ottoman+rule%2C+Islam+and+the+Albanians%2C+1874-1913&rft.pages=99-101&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-287-5&rft.aulast=Gawrych&rft.aufirst=George+Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwPOtzk-unJgC%26dq%3DAlbanian%2Bvilayets%2Bethnicity%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vickers1999-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vickers1999_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiranda_Vickers1999" class="citation book cs1">Miranda Vickers (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IzI0uOZ2j6gC&pg=PA35"><i>The Albanians: a modern history</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-541-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-541-9"><bdi>978-1-86064-541-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Albanians%3A+a+modern+history&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-541-9&rft.au=Miranda+Vickers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIzI0uOZ2j6gC%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarrander2011" class="citation book cs1">Warrander, Gail (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uSaH1bKAb8QC&pg=PA211"><i>Kosovo</i></a>. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84162-331-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84162-331-3"><bdi>978-1-84162-331-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kosovo&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84162-331-3&rft.aulast=Warrander&rft.aufirst=Gail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuSaH1bKAb8QC%26pg%3DPA211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevene2013" class="citation book cs1">Levene, Mark (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RRgbAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA107"><i>Devastation: Volume I: The European Rimlands 1912-1938</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-968303-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-968303-1"><bdi>978-0-19-968303-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Devastation%3A+Volume+I%3A+The+European+Rimlands+1912-1938&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-968303-1&rft.aulast=Levene&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRRgbAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/12472/Albania/129453/History%7Cpublisher=Encyclop%C3%A6dia%20Britannica%7Caccessdate=6%20January%202012">"Albania: History"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Albania%3A+History&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F12472%2FAlbania%2F129453%2FHistory%257Cpublisher%3DEncyclop%25C3%25A6dia%2520Britannica%257Caccessdate%3D6%2520January%25202012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kosovo: A Short History p. 256</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kosovo: A Short History p. 265</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElsie2010" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Elsie" title="Robert Elsie">Elsie, Robert</a> (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=haFlGXIg8uoC&dq=%22Independent+Albania+%281912%22&pg=PR59">"Independent Albania (1912—1944)"</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/454375231"><i>Historical dictionary of Albania</i></a>, Lanham: Scarecrow Press, p. lix, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7380-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7380-3"><bdi>978-0-8108-7380-3</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/454375231">454375231</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2012</span>, <q>... about 30 percent of the Albanian population were excluded from the new state/about 40% ... found themselves excluded from this new country p.243</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Independent+Albania+%281912%E2%80%941944%29&rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+Albania&rft.place=Lanham&rft.pages=lix&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F454375231&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7380-3&rft.aulast=Elsie&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhaFlGXIg8uoC%26dq%3D%2522Independent%2BAlbania%2B%25281912%2522%26pg%3DPR59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElsie" class="citation web cs1">Elsie, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717005551/http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1913_2.html">"The Conference of London"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1913_2.html">the original</a> on 17 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Conference+of+London&rft.aulast=Elsie&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albanianhistory.net%2Ftexts20_1%2FAH1913_2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVickers1999" class="citation book cs1">Vickers, Miranda (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IzI0uOZ2j6gC&dq=partition+of+Albania&pg=PA87"><i>The Albanians: a modern history</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. pp. 70–80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-541-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-541-9"><bdi>978-1-86064-541-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Albanians%3A+a+modern+history&rft.pages=70-80&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-541-9&rft.aulast=Vickers&rft.aufirst=Miranda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIzI0uOZ2j6gC%26dq%3Dpartition%2Bof%2BAlbania%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDraper" class="citation web cs1">Draper, Stark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120320105942/http://sdraper.ece.wisc.edu/researchDir/pdf/ERS_97.pdf">"The conceptualization of an Albanian nation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Ethnic and Racial Studies</i>. Volume 20, Number 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sdraper.ece.wisc.edu/researchDir/pdf/ERS_97.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 20 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnic+and+Racial+Studies&rft.atitle=The+conceptualization+of+an+Albanian+nation&rft.aulast=Draper&rft.aufirst=Stark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsdraper.ece.wisc.edu%2FresearchDir%2Fpdf%2FERS_97.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwandner-SieversJürgen_Fischer2002" class="citation book cs1">Schwandner-Sievers, Stephanie; Jürgen Fischer, Bernd, eds. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DfahkLLXvtsC&pg=PA135"><i>Albanian identities : myth and history</i></a> (1. publ. ed.). London: Hurst. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-572-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-572-5"><bdi>978-1-85065-572-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Albanian+identities+%3A+myth+and+history&rft.place=London&rft.pages=135&rft.edition=1.+publ.&rft.pub=Hurst&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-572-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDfahkLLXvtsC%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgwyn1997" class="citation book cs1">Burgwyn, H. James (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PNHxISN-dmQC&pg=PA15"><i>Italian foreign policy in the interwar period : 1918 - 1940</i></a> (1. publ. ed.). Westport, Conn. [u.a.]: Praeger. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94877-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-94877-1"><bdi>978-0-275-94877-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Italian+foreign+policy+in+the+interwar+period+%3A+1918+-+1940&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pages=15&rft.edition=1.+publ.&rft.pub=Praeger&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-275-94877-1&rft.aulast=Burgwyn&rft.aufirst=H.+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPNHxISN-dmQC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iBckAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Greek+historical+claims+to+southern+Albania%2C+along+with+a+US+Senate+resolution+in+1944+supporting+the+region%27s%22"><i>RFE/RL research report. Volume 2</i></a>. weekly analyses from the RFE/RL. 1993. p. 31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=RFE%2FRL+research+report.+Volume+2&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=weekly+analyses+from+the+RFE%2FRL&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiBckAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522Greek%2Bhistorical%2Bclaims%2Bto%2Bsouthern%2BAlbania%252C%2Balong%2Bwith%2Ba%2BUS%2BSenate%2Bresolution%2Bin%2B1944%2Bsupporting%2Bthe%2Bregion%2527s%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy2002" class="citation book cs1">McCarthy, Justin (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dCIEAQAAIAAJ&q=Monastir+Albania"><i>Population history of the Middle East and the Balkans</i></a>. Isis Press. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-975-428-227-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-975-428-227-6"><bdi>978-975-428-227-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Population+history+of+the+Middle+East+and+the+Balkans&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Isis+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-975-428-227-6&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdCIEAQAAIAAJ%26q%3DMonastir%2BAlbania&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APartition+of+Albania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Further reading</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/11444724/Books-about-Albania-and-the-Albanian-people">Books about Albania and the Albanian people</a> <i>(scribd.com)</i> Reference of books (and some journal articles) about Albania and the Albanian people; their history, language, origin, culture, literature, etc. Public domain books, fully accessible online.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partition_of_Albania&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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