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<li id="toc-Pre-independence_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-independence_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pre-independence relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-independence_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-independence_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-independence_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Post-independence relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-independence_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Modern relations</span> 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Memberships</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Memberships-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Memberships subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Memberships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Romania's_position_in_Serbia's_accession_to_the_European_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romania's_position_in_Serbia's_accession_to_the_European_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Romania's position in Serbia's accession to the European Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romania's_position_in_Serbia's_accession_to_the_European_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Serbs_of_Romania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serbs_of_Romania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Serbs of Romania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serbs_of_Romania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romanians_of_Serbia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romanians_of_Serbia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Romanians of Serbia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romanians_of_Serbia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relations_entre_la_Roumanie_et_la_Serbie" title="Relations entre la Roumanie et la Serbie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Relations entre la Roumanie et la Serbie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%99%D7%94%E2%80%93%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="יחסי סרביה–רומניה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יחסי סרביה–רומניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rela%C3%A7%C3%B5es_entre_Rom%C3%AAnia_e_S%C3%A9rvia" title="Relações entre Romênia e Sérvia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Relações entre Romênia e Sérvia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rela%C8%9Biile_dintre_Rom%C3%A2nia_%C8%99i_Serbia" title="Relațiile dintre România și Serbia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Relațiile dintre România și Serbia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" 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style="border-collapse:collapse;"><caption class="infobox-title">Romanian-Serbian relations</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Romania_Serbia_Locator.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map indicating locations of Romania and Serbia"><img alt="Map indicating locations of Romania and Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Romania_Serbia_Locator.png/250px-Romania_Serbia_Locator.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Romania_Serbia_Locator.png/375px-Romania_Serbia_Locator.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Romania_Serbia_Locator.png/500px-Romania_Serbia_Locator.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey"></th></tr><tr style="height:0.6em"> <td style="background:#339933;"></td> <td style="background:#E08020;"></td> </tr><tr> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/68px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/90px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></th> <th scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/68px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/90px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Romania-Serbia relations</b> refer to the <a href="/wiki/Bilateral_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilateral relations">bilateral relations</a> between <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Republic of Serbia</a>. The two countries share a 546.4 kilometre long border, both being located in <a href="/wiki/Southeastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern Europe">Southeastern Europe</a>. The two countries share a long history, religion and elements of culture and geography. </p><p>Unofficial relations were established during the first half of the 19th century, when both countries were under Ottoman suzerainty. Officially, they established diplomatic relations of April 26, 1879, one year after both countries achieved full independence from the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>. </p><p>Both countries are members of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Craiova_Group" title="Craiova Group">Craiova Group</a>. Relations between the two nations are close, both politically and between peoples. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romania%E2%80%93Serbia_relations&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-independence_relations">Pre-independence relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romania%E2%80%93Serbia_relations&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-independence relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Serbia" title="Principality of Serbia">Principality of Serbia</a> opened its first diplomatic mission in <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a> in March, 1836, when it opened the Princely-Serbian Diplomatic Agency in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>. However, 27 years later, in February, 1863, the first official diplomatic agency, with <a href="/wiki/Kosta_Magazinovi%C4%87" title="Kosta Magazinović">Kosta Magazinović</a> as the first diplomatic agent, was opened. One month later, the first Romanian diplomatic agency was opened in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, on March 12/24, with Teodor Calimachi as the first diplomatic agent.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At the time, both <a href="/wiki/United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia">Romania</a> and Serbia were under Ottoman suzerainty, and were fighting for their independence. As the <a href="/wiki/Great_Eastern_Crisis" title="Great Eastern Crisis">Great Eastern Crisis</a> was reopened when the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> and the Ottoman Empire went to war in 1877, a coalition supporting the Russians was formed by <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Bulgaria" title="Principality of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Montenegro" title="Principality of Montenegro">Montenegro</a>, Romania and Serbia. The latter three countries were granted independence following the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Berlin_(1878)" title="Treaty of Berlin (1878)">Treaty of Berlin</a>, signed on July 13, 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-independence_relations">Post-independence relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romania%E2%80%93Serbia_relations&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-independence relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1879, the diplomatic agencies in Belgrade and Bucharest became legations, and the diplomatic agents became resident ministers. <a href="/wiki/Lasc%C4%83r_Catargiu" title="Lascăr Catargiu">Lascăr Catargiu</a> became the first resident minister of Romania in Serbia, and <a href="/wiki/Milan_Petronijevi%C4%87" title="Milan Petronijević">Milan A. Petronijević</a> became the first resident minister of Serbia in Romania. Both <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Serbia</a> became kingdoms, in 1881 and 1882, respectively, and their diplomatic representatives became "extraordinary envoy and plenipotentiary ministers". Officially, the legations from Belgrade and Bucharest became embassies in 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Romania and Serbia fought together in the <a href="/wiki/Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a> of 1913, against <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>. One year later, the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a> began when <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austro-Hungary</a> invaded Serbia due to the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand">assassination of Franz Ferdinand</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gavrilo_Princip" title="Gavrilo Princip">Gavrilo Princip</a>, an ethnic Serb. Despite Romania technically being part of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a>, it refused to take part in the war, and, in 1916, joined the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Entente</a>, the same alliance Serbia was a part of. After the Entente won the war, both Romania and Serbia, alongside the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, went at war with Hungary, and, at the end, as the victorious side, annexed parts of it. Because of this, the <a href="/wiki/First_Czechoslovak_Republic" title="First Czechoslovak Republic">First Czechoslovak Republic</a>, the Kingdom of Romania and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes</a> formed the <a href="/wiki/Little_Entente" title="Little Entente">Little Entente</a> in 1921. Moreover, in 1934, the Kingdom of Romania and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, alongside the <a href="/wiki/Second_Hellenic_Republic" title="Second Hellenic Republic">Second Hellenic Republic</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Republic of Turkey</a> formed the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Pact" title="Balkan Pact">Balkan Pact</a> to avoid the revisionist politics of Bulgaria.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, Romania was led to become an Axis member, which made the country recognize the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> after Yugoslavia's dismantle by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy">Fascist Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1920%E2%80%931946)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)">Hungary</a> and Bulgaria. This led to a diplomatic breakup of relations. Moreover, calls for Romania to annex parts of Yugoslavia, namely the ethnic Romanian villages in <a href="/wiki/Morava_Banovina" title="Morava Banovina">Morava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Danube_Banovina" title="Danube Banovina">Danube</a> banovinas, were made. Romania refused to annex any parts of Yugoslavia and relations were eventually reestablished after the proclamation of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a> after the war ended.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Soviet Army occupation of Romania</a> at the end of the war led to the creation of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">People's Republic of Romania</a>, a socialist <a href="/wiki/Satellite_state" title="Satellite state">satellite state</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. Understanding the nature of European geopolitics at the time, including the <a href="/wiki/Tito%E2%80%93Stalin_split" title="Tito–Stalin split">Tito-Stalin split</a>, Romania and Yugoslavia had tense relations over the course of the first postwar years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> After Romania broke up from the Soviet sphere of influence and became fully independent, relations were retaken and became really close, Romanian communist leader <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a> and Yugoslav leader <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josif Broz Tito</a> meeting more than twenty times until <a href="/wiki/Tito%27s_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Tito's death">Tito's death</a> in 1980. Tito-Ceaușescu cooperation led to the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Gate_I_Hydroelectric_Power_Station" title="Iron Gate I Hydroelectric Power Station">Iron Gates I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iron_Gate_II_Hydroelectric_Power_Station" title="Iron Gate II Hydroelectric Power Station">II</a> Hydroelectric Power Stations, the biggest dams over the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> and some of the biggest in Europe.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Yugoslavia also became the biggest host of Romanian refugees during the last decade of communism in Romania, when it became unbearable due to Ceaușescu's ambitions and rules.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> As the communism regime prohibited citizens of leaving the country, tens of thousands, if not even hundreds, of Romanian citizens from all across the country tried to evade Romania by illegally swimming or rowing across the Danube river into Yugoslavia, where they would be granted asylum and freedom to leave towards Western Europe, North America or Australia. Dozens of people died during their attempt.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_relations">Modern relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romania%E2%80%93Serbia_relations&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Modern relations between Romania and Serbia began right after the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_revolution" title="Romanian revolution">Romanian Revolution</a> and the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a>. In the last decade of the 20th century, relations between the two countries were mostly affected after Romania decided to join the international community and enforced the <a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against Yugoslavia">embargo UN imposed over Yugoslavia</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a>, leading to a political rupture of the good historical relations between the two countries. </p><p>This, inadvertently, led to one of the biggest illegal trafficking network in Europe at the time. As the embargo prevented Yugoslavia from purchasing fuel, Romanian citizens, impoverished by the internal crisis inadvertently caused by the fall of the communist regime, began illegally crossing the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> in order to sell petrol, diesel and other forms of fuel to their Serbian neighbours. During a two years period, between <a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a> and <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>, a lot of Romanians in the villages on the Danube shore got rich by illegal means, helping their Serbian counterparts. Any form of gas in Yugoslavia was around five times more expensive than in Romania. The network abruptly shut down in 1995, and it is believed that, despite their position, the Romanian government involved in it. Around ten to twenty people were killed during those years, either by the Romanian border guards or other smugglers.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Politic relations got even worse during the late years of the same decade, when Romania, on its way of accession to <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, allowed NATO planes to use Romanian airspace in order to <a href="/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">strike targets in Serbia</a>. Supporting NATO during the Yugoslav Wars got Romania's position as an <a href="/wiki/Romania-NATO_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Romania-NATO relations">official NATO member</a> in <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>. However, civilians continued showing support to Serbia, most Romanian citizens not agreeing with their government position.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the end of the Yugoslav Wars, relations gradually improved, with Romania supporting Serbia's integration with the international community. Nowadays, symbolizing the good relations between Romania and Serbia, there is in the former a sentence that says "Romania only has two friends: the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> and Serbia". However, this phrase and the state of the relations between both has been disturbed by the Romanians in the <a href="/wiki/Timok_Valley" title="Timok Valley">Timok Valley</a> in Serbia, where they are known in <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a> as "Vlachs", claiming a separate ethnic identity from the Romanians.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Romania-Kosovo_relations">Romania-Kosovo relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romania%E2%80%93Serbia_relations&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Romania-Kosovo relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Relations between <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Republic of Kosovo</a> are non-existent as of 2024. <a href="/wiki/2008_Kosovo_declaration_of_independence" title="2008 Kosovo declaration of independence">Kosovo's declaration of independence</a> from <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> caused debates and outrage in Romania, as the country strongly opposes any kind of self-determination and refuses to acknowledge the sovereignty of Kosovo. Romania is among the five countries part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> who does not recognize Kosovo, and one of the seven countries boycotting Kosovo's admission to the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> in 2023. </p><p>On 18 February 2008, the very next day after Kosovo's secession from Serbia, a vote in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Parliament of Romania</a> determined their position regarding Kosovo. The results were strongly against any recognition, with 357 ”No” votes and only 27 ”Yes” votes. Furthermore, both the president <a href="/wiki/Traian_B%C4%83sescu" title="Traian Băsescu">Traian Băsescu</a> and prime minister <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83lin_Popescu-T%C4%83riceanu" title="Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu">Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu</a> were opposed and announced their support for Serbia's territorial integrity. A potential change emerged during the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Victor_Ponta" title="Victor Ponta">Victor Ponta</a>, prime-minister of Romania between 2012 and 2015, who stated that ”Romania must follow EU's lead" after the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> urged <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> to reconsider their decisions regarding Kosovo. However, after his resignation, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Romania" title="Government of Romania">Government of Romania</a> never addressed a change in recognition.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A recent example for the bitterness of the relations is a football match between the two national football teams in 2023. Their two national teams were drawn into the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2024_qualifying_Group_I" title="UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying Group I">same group</a> for the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2024_qualifying" title="UEFA Euro 2024 qualifying">qualifiers</a> to the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2024" title="UEFA Euro 2024">UEFA Euro 2024</a> tournament, and during the second-leg match between the teams at <a href="/wiki/Arena_Na%C8%9Bional%C4%83" title="Arena Națională">Arena Națională</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, an ultras group that is supporting the <a href="/wiki/Romania_national_football_team" title="Romania national football team">Romanian side</a>, named ”Uniți Sub Tricolor” (”United Under Tricolour” in <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>) displayed two banners quoting ”<a href="/wiki/Bessarabia,_Romanian_land" title="Bessarabia, Romanian land">Basarabia e România</a>” (”Bessarabia is Romania” in <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>) and ”<a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Je_Srbija" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Je Srbija">Kosovo je Srbija</a>” (”Kosovo is Serbia” in <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>) and began shouting <a href="/wiki/Serbophilia" title="Serbophilia">pro-Serbia</a> chants. The match was eventually interrupted in the 18th minute for almost an hour, after a Romanian fan threw a torch on the pitch and the Kosovar side left the pitch in protest. While negotiations were taking place, the Romanian <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie_(Romania)" title="Gendarmerie (Romania)">gendarmerie</a> removed the racist banners and tried to solve the issues. Romania eventually won the match 2-0, coming closer to the eventual qualification to <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2024" title="UEFA Euro 2024">UEFA Euro 2024</a>. After the match, the <a href="/wiki/Football_Federation_of_Kosovo" title="Football Federation of Kosovo">Football Federation of Kosovo</a> filed a report against the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Football_Federation" title="Romanian Football Federation">Romanian Football Federation</a> to <a href="/wiki/UEFA" title="UEFA">UEFA</a>, demanding that Kosovo be awarded a 3-0 victory because of the events. The complaint was denied but the Romanian Football Federation was fined 52,000 Euros and ordered to play its next home match (against Andorra) without fans.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Romania maintains a liaison office in <a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a>, but not an embassy. </p><p>While Romania and Serbia do have good relations, the main reason of Romania's position is the <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_Land" title="Székely Land">Székely Land</a> problem. "Székely Land" is the name of a region in Romania where the majority is composed of ethnic <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_Land" title="Székely Land">Székelys</a>. Therefore, acknowledging the independence of Kosovo may lead Székely Land to seek for autonomy or even independence, with nationalist figures such as Corneliu Vadim Tudor claiming their intention is to instantly be absorbed into neighbouring Hungary, country that used to rule the region for hundreds of years. During the February 2008 vote, the results showed members of the ethnic Hungarian party <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Alliance_of_Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania">UDMR</a>, which actively supports Székely Land's autonomy within Romania, were responsible for most "Yes" votes. <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> recognized Kosovo's independence on March 19 of the same year. <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> </p><p>Kosovo’s UEFA Nations League match against Romania was abandoned on 15 November 2024, after Kosovo players walked off the pitch in the 93rd minute due to offensive chanting from Romanian fans, including pro-Serbian slogans. The match was goalless at the time, and despite a five-minute ultimatum to return, Kosovo refused to continue. <a href="/wiki/Franco_Foda" title="Franco Foda">Franco Foda</a> expressed disappointment over the loss of respect and cited unsafe conditions. <a href="/wiki/Amir_Rrahmani" title="Amir Rrahmani">Amir Rrahmani</a> also condemned the chants, stating that the situation had escalated.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomatic_missions">Diplomatic missions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romania%E2%80%93Serbia_relations&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Diplomatic missions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:12_Strada_General_Eremia_Grigorescu,_Bucharest_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/12_Strada_General_Eremia_Grigorescu%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg/220px-12_Strada_General_Eremia_Grigorescu%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/12_Strada_General_Eremia_Grigorescu%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg/330px-12_Strada_General_Eremia_Grigorescu%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/12_Strada_General_Eremia_Grigorescu%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg/440px-12_Strada_General_Eremia_Grigorescu%2C_Bucharest_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>Embassy of Serbia in Bucharest, in the Emanoil Tătărăscu and Enescu House, designed by Ion Giurgea, built in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Romania is represented in Serbia by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> and the two consulate-generals, in <a href="/wiki/Vr%C5%A1ac" title="Vršac">Vršac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zaje%C4%8Dar" title="Zaječar">Zaječar</a>. </p><p>Serbia is represented in Romania by its embassy in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a> and the consulate-general in <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memberships">Memberships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romania%E2%80%93Serbia_relations&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Memberships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both Romania and Serbia are members of the: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South-East_European_Cooperation_Process" title="South-East European Cooperation Process">South-East European Cooperation Process</a> <a href="/wiki/Stability_Pact_for_South_Eastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe">Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_Initiative" title="Central European Initiative">Central European Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_European_Cooperative_Initiative" title="Southeast European Cooperative Initiative">Southeast European Cooperative Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_the_Black_Sea_Economic_Cooperation" title="Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation">Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romania's_position_in_Serbia's_accession_to_the_European_Union"><span id="Romania.27s_position_in_Serbia.27s_accession_to_the_European_Union"></span>Romania's position in Serbia's accession to the European Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romania%E2%80%93Serbia_relations&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Romania's position in Serbia's accession to the European Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">Accession of Serbia to the European Union</a></div> <p>Serbia borders four <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> member states while not being itself a member state. Out of 1343.4 kilometers of border, 546.4 are of shared border with Romania, which is considered to be one of Serbia's key allies in its European Union integration path.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Serbia officially <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">applied for European Union membership</a> on December 22, 2009, and has become an official candidate on March 1, 2012. Before this, Romania unsuccessfully tried to veto Serbia on receiving the candidate status, quoting the lack of minority rights for the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_minority_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian minority in Serbia">Romanian minority</a> in Serbia. However, ever since then, Romania intensively intervened in Serbia's accession by sending aid in forms of financial and technical means to their Serbian counterparts.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Romania has not recognized Kosovo's independence from Serbia despite European Union's general support for Kosovo's self determination. In order for Serbia to become a European Union member state, it is considered that it should recognize Kosovo's legitimacy, thing that was completely unacceptable for any Serbian government ever since <a href="/wiki/2008_Kosovo_declaration_of_independence" title="2008 Kosovo declaration of independence">Kosovo's declaration of independence</a> or since Serbia applied for European Union membership. Kosovo itself <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union">tries to become a European Union member state</a> but opposition from some European Union member states, as well as its disputed status, is making this very hard. Both Serbia and Romania are firm with their positions regarding Kosovo, thus making Serbia's accession to the European Union a harder mission.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The 35th chapter of the negotiations between Serbia and the European Union regard the relations with Kosovo, and while some progress has been made, neither <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Serbia" title="Government of Serbia">Belgrade's</a> or <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kosovo" title="Government of Kosovo">Pristina's</a> positions are clear.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Serbs_of_Romania">Serbs of Romania</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romania%E2%80%93Serbia_relations&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Serbs of Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Serbs_of_Romania" title="Serbs of Romania">Serbs of Romania</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sv_Djuradj1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sv_Djuradj1.JPG/250px-Sv_Djuradj1.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sv_Djuradj1.JPG/375px-Sv_Djuradj1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sv_Djuradj1.JPG/500px-Sv_Djuradj1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="679" /></a><figcaption>Sveti Đurađ monastery</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3.Manastirea_sarbeasca_%22Sfantul_Sava%22_-_sat_Bazias.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/3.Manastirea_sarbeasca_%22Sfantul_Sava%22_-_sat_Bazias.jpg/250px-3.Manastirea_sarbeasca_%22Sfantul_Sava%22_-_sat_Bazias.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/3.Manastirea_sarbeasca_%22Sfantul_Sava%22_-_sat_Bazias.jpg/375px-3.Manastirea_sarbeasca_%22Sfantul_Sava%22_-_sat_Bazias.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/3.Manastirea_sarbeasca_%22Sfantul_Sava%22_-_sat_Bazias.jpg/500px-3.Manastirea_sarbeasca_%22Sfantul_Sava%22_-_sat_Bazias.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1770" /></a><figcaption>Bazjaš monastery</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Timisoara_-_Piata_Unirii.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Timisoara_-_Piata_Unirii.jpg/250px-Timisoara_-_Piata_Unirii.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Timisoara_-_Piata_Unirii.jpg/375px-Timisoara_-_Piata_Unirii.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Timisoara_-_Piata_Unirii.jpg/500px-Timisoara_-_Piata_Unirii.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2260" data-file-height="1824" /></a><figcaption>The Palace and Cathedral of <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian Orthodox Church</a> eparchy in <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a>, capital of the <a href="/wiki/Voivodeship_of_Serbia_and_Banat_of_Temeschwar" title="Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar">Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar</a> (1849–1860)</figcaption></figure> <p>From the late 14th- to the beginning of the 16th century a large number of Serbs lived in <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECerović1997_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECerović1997-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following Ottoman expansion in the 15th century, Serb mass migrations ensued into <a href="/wiki/Pannonia" title="Pannonia">Pannonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECerović1997_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECerović1997-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serbian Orthodox monasteries began to be built in the area from the 15th century, including Kusić and Senđurađ built by <i>despot</i> <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Brankovi%C4%87" title="Jovan Branković">Jovan Branković</a>, and in the 16th century including Bezdin and <a href="/wiki/Hodo%C8%99-Bodrog_Monastery" title="Hodoș-Bodrog Monastery">Hodoș-Bodrog Monastery</a> where built by the <a href="/wiki/Jak%C5%A1i%C4%87_family" title="Jakšić family">Jakšić family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECerović1997_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECerović1997-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Ottoman period, many Serbian Orthodox churches and monasteries were built in the administrative unit <a href="/wiki/Eyalet_of_Teme%C5%9Fvar" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyalet of Temeşvar">Eyalet of Temeşvar</a>, which comprised Banat and Southern <a href="/wiki/Cri%C8%99ana" title="Crișana">Crișana</a> which was called <a href="/wiki/Pomori%C5%A1je" title="Pomorišje">Pomorišje</a> by the Serbs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECerović1997_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECerović1997-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the spring of 1594, shortly after the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Long_Turkish_War" title="Long Turkish War">Austro-Turkish War (1593-1606)</a>, local Serbian and Romanian Orthodox Christians,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGavrilović199344_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGavrilović199344-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemajić2015218–221_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemajić2015218–221-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the Eyalet of Temeşvar, started an <a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Banat" title="Uprising in Banat">uprising</a> against Turkish rule. At first, rebels were successful. They took the city of <a href="/wiki/Vr%C5%A1ac" title="Vršac">Vršac</a> and various other towns in Banat and started negotiations with Prince of Transylvania. One of the leaders of the uprising was local Serbian Orthodox Bishop <a href="/wiki/Teodor_of_Vr%C5%A1ac" title="Teodor of Vršac">Theodore</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004141–142_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004141–142-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the crushing of the uprising in Banat, many Serbs migrated to Transylvania under the leadership of Bishop Teodor; the territory towards <a href="/wiki/Ineu" title="Ineu">Ineu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teiu%C8%99" title="Teiuș">Teiuș</a> was settled, where Serbs had lived since earlier – the Serbs had their eparchies, opened schools, founded churches and printing houses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECerović1997Oslobodilački_pokreti_u_vreme_Turaka_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECerović1997Oslobodilački_pokreti_u_vreme_Turaka-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ethnic Serbs are a recognized minority in Romania, with around 18,000 Serbs living in Romania, or around 0,1% of the total population. Most of them live in the counties of <a href="/wiki/Arad_County" title="Arad County">Arad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cara%C8%99-Severin_County" title="Caraș-Severin County">Caraș-Severin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mehedin%C8%9Bi_County" title="Mehedinți County">Mehedinți</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99_County" title="Timiș County">Timiș</a>, located on the <a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Serbia_border" title="Romania–Serbia border">Serbian border</a>. Notable examples of Serbian villages in Romania are <a href="/wiki/Svini%C8%9Ba" title="Svinița">Șvinița</a> in Mehedinți county, with a 90% ethnic Serbian population, and <a href="/wiki/Socol" title="Socol">Socol</a> in Caraș-Severin county, with 50%. The community represents the oldest Serbian community outside of Serbia. <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ethnic Serbs in Romania have the right to study up to high school and take the baccalaureate exam in their native language. One seat in the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Romania)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Romania)">Chamber of Deputies</a> is reserved for the ethnic Serb minority. Multiple <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church" title="Serbian Orthodox Church">Serbian orthodox</a> churches are scattered through the Romanian part of <a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a>. </p><p>Most of the Serbs in Romania are <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Christians</a>; the vast majority belong to Serbian Orthodox Church Eparchy of <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a>. </p><p>There are Serbian Orthodox Churches with several in <a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a> (<i>Темишвар/Temišvar</i>), with two in <a href="/wiki/Arad,_Romania" title="Arad, Romania">Arad</a> (<i>Арад</i>), <a href="/wiki/Re%C8%99i%C8%9Ba" title="Reșița">Reșița</a> (<i>Решица/Rešica</i>), <a href="/wiki/Lugoj" title="Lugoj">Lugoj</a> (Лугош/Lugoš), <a href="/wiki/Ineu" title="Ineu">Ineu</a> (<i>Јенопоље/Jenopolje</i>), <a href="/wiki/Buzia%C5%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Buziaş">Buziaş</a> (<i>Бузјаш/Buziaš</i>), <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2nnicolau_Mare" title="Sânnicolau Mare">Sânnicolau Mare</a> (<i>Велики Семиклуш/Veliki Semikluš</i>), <a href="/wiki/Pecica" title="Pecica">Pecica</a> (<i>Печка/Pečka</i>), <a href="/wiki/N%C4%83dlac" title="Nădlac">Nădlac</a> (<i>Nađlak/Нађлак</i>), <a href="/wiki/Ciacova" title="Ciacova">Ciacova</a> (<i>Чаково/Čakovo</i>), <a href="/wiki/Jimbolia" title="Jimbolia">Jimbolia</a> (Жомбољ/Žombolj), <a href="/wiki/Or%C5%9Fova" class="mw-redirect" title="Orşova">Orşova</a> (<i>Оршава/Oršava</i>), <a href="/wiki/Moldova_Nou%C4%83" title="Moldova Nouă">Moldova Nouă</a> (<i>Нова Молдава or Бошњак/Nova Moldova or Bošnjak</i>), <a href="/wiki/Deta,_Romania" title="Deta, Romania">Deta</a> (<i>Дета</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Oravi%C8%9Ba" title="Oravița">Oravița</a> (<i>Оравица/Oravica</i>). </p><p>There are also village churches in <a href="/wiki/Cenad" title="Cenad">Cenad</a> (<i>Нађчанад/Nađčanad</i>), <a href="/wiki/Varia%C8%99" title="Variaș">Variaș</a> (<i>Варјаш/Varjaš</i>), <a href="/wiki/Felnac" title="Felnac">Felnac</a> (<i>Фенлак/Fenlak</i>), <a href="/wiki/Pecica" title="Pecica">Turnu</a> (<i>Torno/Торња</i>), <a href="/wiki/Moravi%C8%9Ba" title="Moravița">Moravița</a> (<i>Моравица/Moravica</i>), <a href="/wiki/Brestov%C4%83%C8%9B" title="Brestovăț">Brestovăț</a> (<i>Брестовац/Brestovac</i>), <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A2npetru_Mare" title="Sânpetru Mare">Sânpetru Mare</a> (<i>Велики Семпетар/Veliki Sempetar</i>), <a href="/wiki/Peciu_Nou" title="Peciu Nou">Peciu Nou</a> (<i>Улбеч/Ulbeč</i>), <a href="/wiki/Cenei" title="Cenei">Cenei</a> (<i>Ченеј/Čenej</i>), <a href="/wiki/Svini%C8%9Ba" title="Svinița">Svinița</a> (<i>Свињица/Svinjica</i>), <a href="/wiki/Secusigiu" title="Secusigiu">Secusigiu</a> (<i>Секусић/Sekusić</i>), <a href="/wiki/Moldova_Nou%C4%83" title="Moldova Nouă">Moldova Veche</a> (<i>Стара Молдава/Stara Moldova</i>), <a href="/wiki/Denta" title="Denta">Denta</a> (<i>Дента</i>), <a href="/wiki/Saravale" title="Saravale">Saravale</a> (<i>Саравола/Saravola</i>), <a href="/wiki/Foeni" title="Foeni">Foeni</a> (<i>Фењ/Fenj</i>), <a href="/wiki/Socol" title="Socol">Socol</a> (<i>Сокол/Sokol</i>), <a href="/wiki/Socol" title="Socol">Baziaș</a>, (<i>Базјаш/Bazjaš</i>), <a href="/wiki/Socol" title="Socol">Zlatița</a> (<i>Златица/Zlatica</i>), <a href="/wiki/Pojejena" title="Pojejena">Pojejena</a> (<i>Пожежена/Požežena</i>), <a href="/wiki/Pojejena" title="Pojejena">Belobreșca</a> (<i>Белобрешка/Belobreška</i>), <a href="/wiki/Pojejena" title="Pojejena">Divici</a> (<i>Дивић/Divić</i>), <a href="/wiki/Pojejena" title="Pojejena">Radimna</a> (<i>Радимна/Radimna</i>), <a href="/wiki/Pojejena" title="Pojejena">Șușac</a> (<i>Шушка/Šuška</i>), <a href="/wiki/Berzasca" title="Berzasca">Berzasca</a> (<i>Берзаска/Berzaska</i>), <a href="/wiki/Moravi%C8%9Ba" title="Moravița">Dejan</a> (<i>Дејан/Dejan</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Uivar" title="Uivar"> Sânmartinu Maghiar</a> (<i>Мађарски Семартон/Mađarski Semarton).</i> </p><p>List of Serbian Orthodox monasteries in Romania: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sveti_%C4%90ura%C4%91_monastery" title="Sveti Đurađ monastery">Sveti Đurađ monastery</a> (Манастир светог Ђорђа - Манастир свети Ђурађ / Manastir svetog Đorđa - Manastir sveti Đurađ). According to the legend, it was founded in 1485 by the Serbian <a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_monarchs" title="List of Serbian monarchs">despot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Brankovi%C4%87" title="Jovan Branković">Jovan Branković</a>. It was rebuilt in the 18th century.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0emljug_monastery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šemljug monastery (page does not exist)">Šemljug monastery</a> (Манастир Шемљуг / Manastir Šemljug). It was founded in the 15th century.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sveti_Simeon_monastery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sveti Simeon monastery (page does not exist)">Sveti Simeon monastery</a> (Манастир светог Симеона / Manastir svetog Simeona).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bazja%C5%A1_Monastery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bazjaš Monastery (page does not exist)">Bazjaš Monastery</a> (Манастир Базјаш / Manastir Bazjaš), built 1225</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezdin_Monastery" title="Bezdin Monastery">Bezdin Monastery</a> (Манастир Бездин / Manastir Bezdin).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zlatica_monastery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zlatica monastery (page does not exist)">Zlatica monastery</a> (Манастир Златица / Manastir Zlatica).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kusi%C4%87_monastery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kusić monastery (page does not exist)">Kusić monastery</a> (Манастир Кусић / Manastir Kusić).</li> <li>The "St. Peter and Paul" Serbian Church, raised in 1698-1702 in <a href="/wiki/Arad_County_(former)" title="Arad County (former)">Arad</a>, early Baroque architecture</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Romanians_of_Serbia">Romanians of Serbia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romania%E2%80%93Serbia_relations&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Romanians of Serbia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Romanians_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanians of Serbia">Romanians of Serbia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language_in_Serbia" title="Romanian language in Serbia">Romanian language in Serbia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biserica_Romana.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Biserica_Romana.JPG/220px-Biserica_Romana.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Biserica_Romana.JPG/330px-Biserica_Romana.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Biserica_Romana.JPG/440px-Biserica_Romana.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Cathedral,_Vr%C5%A1ac" title="Romanian Orthodox Cathedral, Vršac">Romanian Orthodox Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vr%C5%A1ac" title="Vršac">Vršac</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alibunar1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Alibunar1.jpg/220px-Alibunar1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Alibunar1.jpg/330px-Alibunar1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Alibunar1.jpg/440px-Alibunar1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>A church in Vojvodina where religious service is performed in the Romanian language (<a href="/wiki/Alibunar" title="Alibunar">Alibunar</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>As <a href="/wiki/Daco-Romanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Daco-Romanian">Daco-Romanian</a>-speakers, the Vlachs have a connection to <a href="/wiki/Roman_heritage_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman heritage in Serbia">Roman heritage in Serbia</a>. Following Roman withdrawal from the province of <a href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacia</a> at the end of the 3rd century, the name of the Roman region was changed to <a href="/wiki/Dacia_Aureliana" title="Dacia Aureliana">Dacia Aureliana</a>, and (later <a href="/wiki/Dacia_Ripensis" title="Dacia Ripensis">Dacia Ripensis</a>) spread over most of what is now called Serbia and Bulgaria.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strong Roman presence in the region persisted through the end of Justinian's reign in the 6th century.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (July 2011)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Starting in the early 18th century NE Serbia was settled by Romanians (then known by their international exonym as Vlachs) from <a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a>, parts of <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oltenia" title="Oltenia">Oltenia</a> (Lesser Walachia).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are the Ungureni (<i>Ungurjani</i>), Munteni (<i>Munćani</i>) and Bufeni (<i>Bufani</i>). Today about three quarters of the Vlach population speak the Ungurean <a href="/wiki/Subdialect" title="Subdialect">subdialect</a>. In the 19th century other groups of Romanians, originating in <a href="/wiki/Oltenia" title="Oltenia">Oltenia</a> (Lesser Wallachia), also settled south of the Danube.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ethnic Romanians are also a recognized minority in Serbia, with around 23,000 Romanians living in Serbia, together with an additional 21,000 so-called "Vlachs", which refer to the ethnic Romanian groups living south of the Danube.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In total, Romanians and Vlachs account for around 0,6% of Serbia's total population, most of them living in villages and towns on the Romanian border, such as <a href="/wiki/Mali_%C5%BDam" title="Mali Žam">Mali Žam</a> or <a href="/wiki/Grebenac" title="Grebenac">Grebenac</a>. Major cities of Serbia, such as <a href="/wiki/Bor,_Serbia" title="Bor, Serbia">Bor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vr%C5%A1ac" title="Vršac">Vršac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaje%C4%8Dar" title="Zaječar">Zaječar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Zrenjanin" title="Zrenjanin">Zrenjanin</a>, also host numerous Romanians.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Romanian language is an official language of the <a href="/wiki/Vojvodina" title="Vojvodina">Autonomous Region of Vojvodina</a>. Multiple Romanian orthodox churches are also scattered through Serbia, including the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Orthodox_Cathedral,_Vr%C5%A1ac" title="Romanian Orthodox Cathedral, Vršac">Romanian Orthodox Cathedral</a> in Vršac. </p><p>Unlike in Romania, ethnic Romanians in Serbia do not have the right to study in their native language, and are not represented politically. This has led to brief diplomatic skirmishes between the two countries, including Romania's veto on Serbia's admission as a candidate state of the European Union. Furthermore, a scandal regarding the ethnic Vlachs in the Timok river valley is ongoing.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romania%E2%80%93Serbia_relations&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Romania" title="Foreign relations of Romania">Foreign relations of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Serbia" title="Foreign relations of Serbia">Foreign relations of Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Serbia_border" title="Romania–Serbia border">Romania–Serbia border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banat" title="Banat">Banat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%27s_reaction_to_the_2008_Kosovo_declaration_of_independence" title="Romania's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence">Romania's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanians_in_Serbia" title="Romanians in Serbia">Romanians in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Romania–Yugoslavia relations">Romania–Yugoslavia relations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romania%E2%80%93Serbia_relations&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G.G. Florescu, "Agențiile diplomatice de la București și Belgrad (1863–1866)", în <i>Romanoslavica</i> XI/1965, pp. 126–131.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bogdan Catana, <i>Relații diplomatice româno-sârbe, 1880–1913</i>, Craiova, 2009, p. 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Reprezentanțele diplomatice ale României</i>, vol. 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Vremea. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-606-081-135-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-606-081-135-0"><bdi>978-606-081-135-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Curentul+Mediteraneean+%C3%AEn+arhitectura+interbelic%C4%83&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Vremea&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-606-081-135-0&rft.aulast=Ghigeanu&rft.aufirst=M%C4%83d%C4%83lin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomania%E2%80%93Serbia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.news.cn/europe/20220628/36ffc66e40a24b249381e5a352279eb0/c.html">"Romania backs Serbia's EU integration process: president"</a>. <i>Xinhua</i>. 28 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xinhua&rft.atitle=Romania+backs+Serbia%27s+EU+integration+process%3A+president&rft.date=2022-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.news.cn%2Feurope%2F20220628%2F36ffc66e40a24b249381e5a352279eb0%2Fc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomania%E2%80%93Serbia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euractiv.com/section/enlargement/news/romania-accused-of-lack-of-european-spirit-over-serbia-s-candidacy">"Romania accused of 'lack of European spirit' over Serbia's candidacy"</a>. <i>Euractiv</i>. 29 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Euractiv&rft.atitle=Romania+accused+of+%27lack+of+European+spirit%27+over+Serbia%27s+candidacy&rft.date=2012-02-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euractiv.com%2Fsection%2Fenlargement%2Fnews%2Fromania-accused-of-lack-of-european-spirit-over-serbia-s-candidacy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomania%E2%80%93Serbia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECerović1997-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECerović1997_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECerović1997_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECerović1997_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECerović1997_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCerović1997">Cerović 1997</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGavrilović199344-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGavrilović199344_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGavrilović1993">Gavrilović 1993</a>, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemajić2015218–221-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemajić2015218–221_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLemajić2015">Lemajić 2015</a>, pp. 218–221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004141–142-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEĆirković2004141–142_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFĆirković2004">Ćirković 2004</a>, pp. 141–142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECerović1997Oslobodilački_pokreti_u_vreme_Turaka-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECerović1997Oslobodilački_pokreti_u_vreme_Turaka_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCerović1997">Cerović 1997</a>, Oslobodilački pokreti u vreme Turaka.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFȘtefan_Both2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ștefan Both (8 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adevarul.ro/stiri-locale/timisoara/povestea-sarbilor-din-banat-de-la-sfantul-iosif-1511696.html">"Povestea sârbilor din Banat"</a> [The Story of the Serbs of Banat]. <i>Adevarul.ro</i> (in Romanian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Adevarul.ro&rft.atitle=Povestea+s%C3%A2rbilor+din+Banat&rft.date=2014-02-08&rft.au=%C8%98tefan+Both&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadevarul.ro%2Fstiri-locale%2Ftimisoara%2Fpovestea-sarbilor-din-banat-de-la-sfantul-iosif-1511696.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomania%E2%80%93Serbia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alaric Watson, <i>Aurelian and the Third Century,</i> Routledge, 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2004" class="citation book cs1">Watson, Alaric (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ukf-lEYl3FUC&q=Roman+withdrawal+&pg=PR3"><i>Aurelian and the Third Century</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 157. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30187-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30187-9"><bdi>978-0-415-30187-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aurelian+and+the+Third+Century&rft.pages=157&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-30187-9&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Alaric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dukf-lEYl3FUC%26q%3DRoman%2Bwithdrawal%2B%26pg%3DPR3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomania%E2%80%93Serbia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Rosen, <i>Justinian's Flea: Plague, Empire, and the Birth of Europe,</i> Viking Adult, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMirdita2004" class="citation journal cs1">Mirdita, Zef (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/7466">"Hrvatski institut za povijest"</a>. <i>Zbornik Odsjeka za povijesne znanosti Zavoda za povijesne i društvene znanosti Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti</i>. <b>23</b>: 293–298.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zbornik+Odsjeka+za+povijesne+znanosti+Zavoda+za+povijesne+i+dru%C5%A1tvene+znanosti+Hrvatske+akademije+znanosti+i+umjetnosti&rft.atitle=Hrvatski+institut+za+povijest&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=293-298&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Mirdita&rft.aufirst=Zef&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2F7466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomania%E2%80%93Serbia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Serbian)</span> Kosta Jovanovic, <i>Negotinska Krajina i Kljuc</i>, Belgrade, 1940</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romania%E2%80%93Serbia_relations&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCerović1997" class="citation web cs1">Cerović, Ljubivoje (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130614050005/http://www.rastko.org.rs/antropologija/ljcerovic_srbi_ro.html">"Srbi u Rumuniji od ranog srednjeg veka do današnjeg vremena"</a>. Projekat Rastko. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rastko.org.rs/antropologija/ljcerovic_srbi_ro.html">the original</a> on 2013-06-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Srbi+u+Rumuniji+od+ranog+srednjeg+veka+do+dana%C5%A1njeg+vremena&rft.pub=Projekat+Rastko&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Cerovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Ljubivoje&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rastko.org.rs%2Fantropologija%2Fljcerovic_srbi_ro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomania%E2%80%93Serbia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĆirković2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sima_%C4%86irkovi%C4%87" title="Sima Ćirković">Ćirković, Sima</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Wc-DWRzoeIC"><i>The Serbs</i></a>. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405142915" title="Special:BookSources/9781405142915"><bdi>9781405142915</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Serbs&rft.place=Malden&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781405142915&rft.aulast=%C4%86irkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Sima&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Wc-DWRzoeIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomania%E2%80%93Serbia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGavrilović1993" class="citation book cs1">Gavrilović, Slavko (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O3MtAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA41">"Serbs in Hungary, Slavonia and Croatia in struggles against the Turks (15th-18th centuries)"</a>. <i>Serbs in European Civilization</i>. Belgrade: Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies. pp. 41–54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788675830153" title="Special:BookSources/9788675830153"><bdi>9788675830153</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Serbs+in+Hungary%2C+Slavonia+and+Croatia+in+struggles+against+the+Turks+%2815th-18th+centuries%29&rft.btitle=Serbs+in+European+Civilization&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pages=41-54&rft.pub=Nova%2C+Serbian+Academy+of+Sciences+and+Arts%2C+Institute+for+Balkan+Studies&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9788675830153&rft.aulast=Gavrilovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Slavko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO3MtAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomania%E2%80%93Serbia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemajić2015" class="citation book cs1">Lemajić, Nenad (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/11767832">"The Serbian Population of the Banat and the Western Mureş Basin in the 15th and 16th Centuries (and its Local and Military Leaders)"</a>. <i>The Cultural and Historical Heritage of Vojvodina in the Context of Classical and Medieval Studies</i>. Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy. pp. 205–222.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Serbian+Population+of+the+Banat+and+the+Western+Mure%C5%9F+Basin+in+the+15th+and+16th+Centuries+%28and+its+Local+and+Military+Leaders%29&rft.btitle=The+Cultural+and+Historical+Heritage+of+Vojvodina+in+the+Context+of+Classical+and+Medieval+Studies&rft.place=Novi+Sad&rft.pages=205-222&rft.pub=Faculty+of+Philosophy&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Lemaji%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Nenad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F11767832&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomania%E2%80%93Serbia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romania%E2%80%93Serbia_relations&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsailovićKrstić2015" class="citation book cs1">Isailović, Neven G.; Krstić, Aleksandar R. (2015). "Serbian Language and Cyrillic Script as a Means of Diplomatic Literacy in South Eastern Europe in 15th and 16th Centuries". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/25272837"><i>Literacy Experiences concerning Medieval and Early Modern Transylvania</i></a>. Cluj-Napoca: George Bariţiu Institute of History. pp. 185–195.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Serbian+Language+and+Cyrillic+Script+as+a+Means+of+Diplomatic+Literacy+in+South+Eastern+Europe+in+15th+and+16th+Centuries&rft.btitle=Literacy+Experiences+concerning+Medieval+and+Early+Modern+Transylvania&rft.place=Cluj-Napoca&rft.pages=185-195&rft.pub=George+Bari%C5%A3iu+Institute+of+History&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Isailovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Neven+G.&rft.au=Krsti%C4%87%2C+Aleksandar+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F25272837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomania%E2%80%93Serbia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvić1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pavle_Ivi%C4%87" title="Pavle Ivić">Ivić, Pavle</a>, ed. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7nItAQAAIAAJ"><i>The History of Serbian Culture</i></a>. Edgware: Porthill Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781870732314" title="Special:BookSources/9781870732314"><bdi>9781870732314</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Serbian+Culture&rft.place=Edgware&rft.pub=Porthill+Publishers&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9781870732314&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7nItAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomania%E2%80%93Serbia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitrović1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrej_Mitrovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Mitrović">Mitrović, Andrej</a> (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BkA5AQAAIAAJ"><i>Jugoslavija na Konferenciji mira 1919-1920</i></a>. Beograd: Zavod za izdavanje udžbenika.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jugoslavija+na+Konferenciji+mira+1919-1920&rft.place=Beograd&rft.pub=Zavod+za+izdavanje+ud%C5%BEbenika&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Mitrovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Andrej&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBkA5AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomania%E2%80%93Serbia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitrović1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrej_Mitrovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Mitrović">Mitrović, Andrej</a> (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=boEDAAAAMAAJ"><i>Razgraničenje Jugoslavije sa Mađarskom i Rumunijom 1919-1920: Prilog proučavanju jugoslovenske politike na Konferenciji mira u Parizu</i></a>. Novi Sad: Institut za izučavanje istorije Vojvodine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Razgrani%C4%8Denje+Jugoslavije+sa+Ma%C4%91arskom+i+Rumunijom+1919-1920%3A+Prilog+prou%C4%8Davanju+jugoslovenske+politike+na+Konferenciji+mira+u+Parizu&rft.place=Novi+Sad&rft.pub=Institut+za+izu%C4%8Davanje+istorije+Vojvodine&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Mitrovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Andrej&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DboEDAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomania%E2%80%93Serbia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPilat2010" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pilat, Liviu (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.analeleputnei.ro/articole/mitropolitul-maxim-brancovici-bogdan-al-iii-lea-si-legaturile-moldovei-cu-biserica-sarba">"Mitropolitul Maxim Brancovici, Bogdan al III-lea şi legăturile Moldovei cu Biserica sârbă"</a>. <i>Analele Putnei</i> (in Romanian). <b>6</b> (1): 229–238.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analele+Putnei&rft.atitle=Mitropolitul+Maxim+Brancovici%2C+Bogdan+al+III-lea+%C5%9Fi+leg%C4%83turile+Moldovei+cu+Biserica+s%C3%A2rb%C4%83&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=229-238&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Pilat&rft.aufirst=Liviu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.analeleputnei.ro%2Farticole%2Fmitropolitul-maxim-brancovici-bogdan-al-iii-lea-si-legaturile-moldovei-cu-biserica-sarba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomania%E2%80%93Serbia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorescu-Marinković2010" class="citation journal cs1">Sorescu-Marinković, Annemarie (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doiserbia.nb.rs/img/doi/0350-7653/2010/0350-76531041007S.pdf">"Serbian Language Acquisition in Communist Romania"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Balcanica</i> (41): 7–31. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2298%2FBALC1041007S">10.2298/BALC1041007S</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Balcanica&rft.atitle=Serbian+Language+Acquisition+in+Communist+Romania&rft.issue=41&rft.pages=7-31&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2298%2FBALC1041007S&rft.aulast=Sorescu-Marinkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Annemarie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.doiserbia.nb.rs%2Fimg%2Fdoi%2F0350-7653%2F2010%2F0350-76531041007S.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomania%E2%80%93Serbia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStojkovskiIvanićSpăriosu2018" class="citation journal cs1">Stojkovski, Boris; Ivanić, Ivana; Spăriosu, Laura (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centruldestudiitransilvane.ro/Document_Files/Review%202015%20-%202035/00000777/vqhxc_Stojkovski.pdf">"Serbian-Romanian Relations in the Middle Ages until the Ottoman Conquest"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Transylvanian Review</i>. <b>27</b> (2): 217–229.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Transylvanian+Review&rft.atitle=Serbian-Romanian+Relations+in+the+Middle+Ages+until+the+Ottoman+Conquest&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=217-229&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Stojkovski&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft.au=Ivani%C4%87%2C+Ivana&rft.au=Sp%C4%83riosu%2C+Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centruldestudiitransilvane.ro%2FDocument_Files%2FReview%25202015%2520-%25202035%2F00000777%2Fvqhxc_Stojkovski.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARomania%E2%80%93Serbia+relations" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Udrea, Andreea (2024). "A Security Conundrum: Kin-State Engagement, Identity Recognition, and the 2012 Dispute between Romania and Serbia". <i>Journal of Global Security Studies</i> 10 (1).</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romania%E2%80%93Serbia_relations&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.rs/Policy/Bilaterala/Romania/index_e.html">Serbian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with Romania</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ambserbia.ro/">Serbian embassy in Bucharest</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consulatulgeneral-serbia.ro/">Serbian general consulate in Timișoara (in Romanian and Serbian 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/></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Romania" title="Foreign relations of Romania">Foreign relations of Romania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chad%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Chad–Romania relations">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Libya–Romania relations">Libya</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Romania"><img alt="Coat of arms of Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg/100px-Coat_of_arms_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="145" 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href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="North Korea–Romania relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Palestine–Romania relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Philippines–Romania relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Romania–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="Romania–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Romania–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Romania–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Albania–Romania relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Austria–Romania relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Belarus–Romania relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–Romania relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Bulgaria–Romania relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Croatia–Romania relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Denmark–Romania relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="France–Romania relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Germany–Romania relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Greece–Romania relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Holy See–Romania relations">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Hungary–Romania relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Italy–Romania relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Moldova–Romania relations">Moldova</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Transnistria_relations" title="Romania–Transnistria relations">Transnistria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Netherlands–Romania relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Norway–Romania relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Poland–Romania relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Portugal–Romania relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Romania–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Slovakia_relations" title="Romania–Slovakia relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Romania–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Romania–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Romania–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Romania–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Australia–Romania relations">Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romania%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Romania–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multilateral relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romania_and_the_International_Monetary_Fund" title="Romania and the International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_NATO" title="Romania in NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_and_the_United_Nations" title="Romania and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craiova_Group" title="Craiova Group">Craiova Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomatic missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Romania" title="List of diplomatic missions of Romania">Diplomatic missions of Romania</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Romania" title="List of diplomatic missions in Romania">in Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Romania)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Serbia&#124;link=Serbia_Foreign_relations_of_Serbia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Serbia" title="Template:Foreign relations of Serbia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_relations_of_Serbia" title="Template talk:Foreign relations of Serbia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Serbia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign relations of Serbia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Serbia&#124;link=Serbia_Foreign_relations_of_Serbia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Serbia" title="Foreign relations of Serbia">Foreign relations of Serbia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Algeria–Serbia relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Angola–Serbia relations">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Egypt–Serbia relations">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Ethiopia–Serbia relations">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Libya–Serbia relations">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93Somalia_relations" title="Serbia–Somalia relations">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93South_Africa_relations" title="Serbia–South Africa relations">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93Zimbabwe_relations" title="Serbia–Zimbabwe relations">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Serbia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg/60px-Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_Serbia_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="772" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Argentina–Serbia relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Brazil–Serbia relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Canada–Serbia relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Cuba–Serbia relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Mexico–Serbia relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Peru–Serbia relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Serbia–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Serbia–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Armenia–Serbia relations">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Azerbaijan–Serbia relations">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Bangladesh–Serbia relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Cambodia–Serbia relations">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="China–Serbia relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="India–Serbia relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Indonesia–Serbia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Iran–Serbia relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Iraq–Serbia relations">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Israel–Serbia relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Japan–Serbia relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Kazakhstan–Serbia relations">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Myanmar–Serbia relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Nepal–Serbia relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="North Korea–Serbia relations">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Pakistan–Serbia relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Palestine–Serbia relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Serbia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Serbia–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Serbia–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Serbia–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Serbia–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Albania–Serbia relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Austria–Serbia relations">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Belarus–Serbia relations">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–Serbia relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Republika Srpska–Serbia relations">Republika Srpska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Bulgaria–Serbia relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Croatia–Serbia relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Cyprus–Serbia relations">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic_%E2%80%93_Serbia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech Republic – Serbia relations">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Denmark–Serbia relations">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonia–Serbia relations">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Finland–Serbia relations">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="France–Serbia relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Germany–Serbia relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Greece–Serbia relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Hungary–Serbia relations">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Italy–Serbia relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Malta–Serbia relations">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Montenegro–Serbia relations">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Netherlands–Serbia relations">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="North Macedonia–Serbia relations">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Norway–Serbia relations">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Poland–Serbia relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Portugal–Serbia relations">Portugal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Russia–Serbia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="San Marino–Serbia relations">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93Slovakia_relations" title="Serbia–Slovakia relations">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93Slovenia_relations" title="Serbia–Slovenia relations">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Serbia–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93Sweden_relations" title="Serbia–Sweden relations">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Serbia–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Serbia–Ukraine relations">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Serbia–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Holy See–Serbia relations">Vatican City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Australia–Serbia relations">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palau%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Palau–Serbia relations">Palau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multilateral relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Serbia_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Serbia to the European Union">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Serbia–NATO relations">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_the_United_Nations" title="Serbia and the United Nations">United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_and_the_Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement">Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek%E2%80%93Serbian_Alliance_of_1913" title="Greek–Serbian Alliance of 1913">Greek–Serbian Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_League" title="Balkan League">Balkan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Pact" title="Balkan Pact">Balkan Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Balkan" title="Open Balkan">Open Balkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craiova_Group" title="Craiova Group">Craiova Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disputes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Serbia_border_dispute" title="Croatia–Serbia border dispute">Croatia (border dispute)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Kosovo–Serbia relations">Kosovo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbia%27s_reaction_to_the_2008_Kosovo_declaration_of_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbia's reaction to the 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence">Reaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Agreement_(2013)" title="Brussels Agreement (2013)">Brussels Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_and_Serbia_economic_normalization_agreements" title="Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements">2020 agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_the_path_to_normalisation_between_Kosovo_and_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Agreement on the path to normalisation between Kosovo and Serbia">2023 agreement</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diplomacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Serbia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Serbia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Archives_of_the_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_Serbia" title="Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia">Diplomatic Archives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Serbia" title="List of diplomatic missions of Serbia">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Serbia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Serbia">in Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ambassadors_from_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ambassadors from Serbia">Ambassadors from Serbia</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Serbia" title="List of diplomatic missions in Serbia">to Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serb_diaspora" title="Serb diaspora">Serb diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_diaspora" title="Serbian diaspora">Serbian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Serbian_diplomats" title="Category:Serbian diplomats">Serbian diplomats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Serbia" title="Visa policy of Serbia">Visa policy of Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Serbian_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Serbian citizens">Visa requirements for Serbian citizens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div>see also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_relations_of_Yugoslavia" title="Template:Foreign relations of Yugoslavia">Foreign relations of Yugoslavia</a> & <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Foreign relations of Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 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