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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John Norris Bahcall</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 19 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84" title="جون باهكال — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون باهكال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84" title="جون باهكال — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون باهكال" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86._%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84" title="جان ان. باکال — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان ان. باکال" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bahcall" title="John Bahcall — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="John Bahcall" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_N._Bahcall" title="John N. Bahcall — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John N. Bahcall" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_N._Bahcall" title="John N. Bahcall — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="John N. Bahcall" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bahcall" title="John Bahcall — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Bahcall" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86._%D8%A8%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84" title="جان ان. باکال — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان ان. باکال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bahcall" title="John Bahcall — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Bahcall" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Ջոն Բաքալ — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոն Բաքալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ジョン・バーコール — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・バーコール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bahcall" title="John Bahcall — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="John Bahcall" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bahcall" title="John Bahcall — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John Bahcall" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бакал, Джон — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бакал, Джон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Norris_Bahcall" title="John Norris Bahcall — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="John Norris Bahcall" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bahcall" title="John Bahcall — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Bahcall" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_N._Bahcall" title="John N. Bahcall — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="John N. Bahcall" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Джон Бакалл — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джон Бакалл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E8%80%83%E5%B0%94" title="约翰·巴考尔 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约翰·巴考尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q710842#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/John_Norris_Bahcall" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:John_Norris_Bahcall" rel="discussion" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">português</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/John_Norris_Bahcall"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Norris_Bahcall&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Norris_Bahcall&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Norris_Bahcall&action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. 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livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="3" border="0" style="width: 270px; font-size: 88%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="topo padrao" style="text-align:center; font-size:large; background-color:gainsboro; border-radius: 3px 3px 0 0;"><span class="">John Norris Bahcall</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div style="padding-bottom: 5px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:John_Bahcall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Norris Bahcall"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/John_Bahcall.jpg/200px-John_Bahcall.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/John_Bahcall.jpg/300px-John_Bahcall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/John_Bahcall.jpg/400px-John_Bahcall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="2514" /></a><figcaption>John Norris Bahcall</figcaption></figure></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nascimento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/30_de_dezembro#Nascimentos" title="30 de dezembro">30 de dezembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a><br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport">Shreveport</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Morte </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/17_de_agosto" title="17 de agosto">17 de agosto</a> de <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a> (70 anos)<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Nova_Iorque" title="Nova Iorque">Nova Iorque</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Sepultamento </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Cemit%C3%A9rio_de_Princeton" title="Cemitério de Princeton">Cemitério de Princeton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Nacionalidade </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Povo_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Povo dos Estados Unidos">estadunidense</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Cidadania </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">Estados Unidos </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;"><i><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></i> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Harvard" title="Universidade Harvard">Universidade Harvard</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Chicago" title="Universidade de Chicago">Universidade de Chicago</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_da_Calif%C3%B3rnia_em_Berkeley" title="Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley">Universidade da Califórnia em Berkeley</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Universidade_do_Estado_da_Luisiana" title="Universidade do Estado da Luisiana">Universidade do Estado da Luisiana</a></li><li>C. E. Byrd High School</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Ocupação </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Astr%C3%B4nomo" title="Astrônomo">astrônomo</a>, astrofísico, <a href="/wiki/F%C3%ADsico" title="Físico">físico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Professor_universit%C3%A1rio" class="mw-redirect" title="Professor universitário">professor universitário</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Distinções </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Hans_Bethe" title="Prêmio Hans Bethe">Prêmio Hans Bethe</a> (1998)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Nacional_de_Ci%C3%AAncias" title="Medalha Nacional de Ciências">Medalha Nacional de Ciências</a> (1998)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_de_Ouro_da_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society">Medalha de Ouro da RAS</a> (2003)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Benjamin_Franklin" title="Medalha Benjamin Franklin">Medalha Benjamin Franklin</a> (2003)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Enrico_Fermi" title="Prêmio Enrico Fermi">Prêmio Enrico Fermi</a> (2003)</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Comstock_de_F%C3%ADsica" title="Prêmio Comstock de Física">Prêmio Comstock de Física</a> (2004)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Empregador(a) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Instituto_de_Tecnologia_da_Calif%C3%B3rnia" title="Instituto de Tecnologia da Califórnia">Instituto de Tecnologia da Califórnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Universidade_de_Indiana" title="Universidade de Indiana">Universidade de Indiana</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Instituições </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Instituto_de_Estudos_Avan%C3%A7ados_de_Princeton" title="Instituto de Estudos Avançados de Princeton">Instituto de Estudos Avançados de Princeton</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold;">Campo(s) </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Astrof%C3%ADsica" title="Astrofísica">astrofísica</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background-color:gainsboro"><div style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q710842" class="extiw" title="d:Q710842">edite no Wikidata</a>]</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>John Norris Bahcall</b> (<a href="/wiki/Shreveport" title="Shreveport">Shreveport</a>, <a href="/wiki/30_de_dezembro" title="30 de dezembro">30 de dezembro</a> de <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a> — <a href="/wiki/17_de_agosto" title="17 de agosto">17 de agosto</a> de <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>) foi um <a href="/wiki/Astrof%C3%ADsica" title="Astrofísica">astrofísico</a> <a href="/wiki/Povo_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Povo dos Estados Unidos">estadunidense</a>. </p><p>É mais conhecido por sua contribuição ao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Problema_do_neutrino_solar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Problema do neutrino solar (página não existe)">problema do neutrino solar</a>, desenvolvimento do <a href="/wiki/Telesc%C3%B3pio_espacial_Hubble" title="Telescópio espacial Hubble">telescópio espacial Hubble</a> liderança e empenho no <a href="/wiki/Instituto_de_Estudos_Avan%C3%A7ados_de_Princeton" title="Instituto de Estudos Avançados de Princeton">Instituto de Estudos Avançados de Princeton</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Condecorações"><span id="Condecora.C3.A7.C3.B5es"></span>Condecorações</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Norris_Bahcall&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Condecorações" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Norris_Bahcall&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Condecorações"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_de_Astronomia_Helen_B._Warner" title="Prêmio de Astronomia Helen B. Warner">Prêmio de Astronomia Helen B. Warner</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medalha_Servi%C3%A7o_P%C3%BAblico_Distinguido_NASA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medalha Serviço Público Distinguido NASA (página não existe)">Medalha Serviço Público Distinguido NASA</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Dannie_Heineman_de_Astrof%C3%ADsica" title="Prêmio Dannie Heineman de Astrofísica">Prêmio Dannie Heineman de Astrofísica</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Hans_Bethe" title="Prêmio Hans Bethe">Prêmio Hans Bethe</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Nacional_de_Ci%C3%AAncias" title="Medalha Nacional de Ciências">Medalha Nacional de Ciências</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell_Lectureship" title="Henry Norris Russell Lectureship">Henry Norris Russell Lectureship</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Dan_David" title="Prêmio Dan David">Prêmio Dan David</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medalha_de_Ouro_da_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society">Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%AAmio_Enrico_Fermi" title="Prêmio Enrico Fermi">Prêmio Enrico Fermi</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Benjamin_Franklin" title="Medalha Benjamin Franklin">Medalha Benjamin Franklin</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">Academy of Achievement</a>, Golden Plate Award (2004)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citações"><span id="Cita.C3.A7.C3.B5es"></span>Citações</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Norris_Bahcall&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Citações" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Norris_Bahcall&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Citações"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"I know all about neutrinos, and my friend here knows about everything else in astrophysics". --- Bahcall's standard phrase on introducing himself and a colleague to a new acquaintance</li> <li>"I feel like dancing I'm so happy". --- when asked by a <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> reporter how he felt about his theory being vindicated<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/neutrino/dancing.html">«The Ghost Particle»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 8 de março de 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Norris+Bahcall&rft.atitle=The+Ghost+Particle&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fnova%2Fneutrino%2Fdancing.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obituários"><span id="Obitu.C3.A1rios"></span>Obituários</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Norris_Bahcall&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Obituários" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Norris_Bahcall&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Obituários"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sns.ias.edu/~jnb/Neta/Natureobituary.pdf">Obituary</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a></i>, 1 September 2005) (<a href="/wiki/PDF" class="mw-redirect" title="PDF">PDF</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/08/19/AR2005081901735_pf.html">Obituary</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i>, August 20, 2005)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sns.ias.edu/~jnb/Neta/NYTobituary.doc">Obituary</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>, August 19, 2005) (<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a>,</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,60-1758833,00.html">Obituary</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>, 1 September 2005)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Norris_Bahcall&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Norris_Bahcall&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Instituto de Estudos Avançados de Princeton: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sns.ias.edu/~jnb/">Homepage</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050411224906/http://www.ias.edu/About/faculty/bahcall.php">Biography</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051120054006/http://www.ias.edu/Newsroom/announcements/Uploads/view.php?cmd=view&id=290">Press release following his death</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/neutrino/">PBS Nova: The Ghost Particle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sns.ias.edu/~jnb/Neta/letter.html">Letter from his family after his death</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723051155/http://www.dandavidprize.org/index.php/laureates/laureates-2003/72-2003-future-cosmology-a-astronomy/116-professor-john-bahcall.html">Dan David Prize laureate 2003</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <p>  </p><table class="toccolours" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin:0 auto; font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Precedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Leon_Mestel" title="Leon Mestel">Leon Mestel</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Arthur_Jacobs" title="John Arthur Jacobs">John Arthur Jacobs</a></span></b></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> <b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_de_Ouro_da_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society">Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society</a></span></b><br />2003<br /><span style="white-space:nowrap;">com <a href="/wiki/David_Gubbins" title="David Gubbins">David Gubbins</a></span></td> <td style="padding: 4px; border:1px solid gray; width: 30%;"> Sucedido por<br /><b><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Paul_Ostriker" title="Jeremiah Paul Ostriker">Jeremiah Paul Ostriker</a> e <a href="/wiki/Grenville_Turner" title="Grenville Turner">Grenville Turner</a></span></b></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medalha_Nacional_de_Ciências" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Nacional_de_Ci%C3%AAncias" title="Predefinição:Medalha Nacional de Ciências"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Medalha_Nacional_de_Ci%C3%AAncias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Medalha Nacional de Ciências (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Nacional_de_Ci%C3%AAncias&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medalha_Nacional_de_Ciências" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Nacional_de_Ci%C3%AAncias" title="Medalha Nacional de Ciências">Medalha Nacional de Ciências</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ciência_do_Comportamento_e_Social" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ciência do Comportamento e Social</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1960</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r57040861">.mw-parser-output .sep-list{font-weight:bold}</style><span class="nowrap"><i>1964:</i> <a href="/wiki/Neal_Elgar_Miller" title="Neal Elgar Miller">Neal Elgar Miller</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1980</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1986:</i> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Simon" title="Herbert Simon">Herbert Simon</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1987:</i> <a href="/wiki/Anne_Anastasi" title="Anne Anastasi">Anne Anastasi</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Joseph_Stigler" title="George Joseph Stigler">George Joseph Stigler</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1988:</i> <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1990</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1990:</i> <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Hurwicz" title="Leonid Hurwicz">Leonid Hurwicz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Suppes" title="Patrick Suppes">Patrick Suppes</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1991:</i> <a href="/wiki/George_A._Miller" title="George A. Miller">George A. Miller</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1992:</i> <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_J._Gibson" title="Eleanor J. Gibson">Eleanor J. Gibson</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1994:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Merton" title="Robert Merton">Robert Merton</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1995:</i> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Shepard" title="Roger Shepard">Roger Shepard</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1996:</i> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Samuelson" title="Paul Samuelson">Paul Samuelson</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1997:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Estes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Estes (página não existe)">William Estes</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1998:</i> <a href="/wiki/William_Julius_Wilson" title="William Julius Wilson">William Julius Wilson</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1999:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Solow" title="Robert Solow">Robert Solow</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2000:</i> <a href="/wiki/Gary_Becker" title="Gary Becker">Gary Becker</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2003:</i> <a href="/wiki/R._Duncan_Luce" title="R. Duncan Luce">R. Duncan Luce</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2004:</i> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Arrow" title="Kenneth Arrow">Kenneth Arrow</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2005:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_Bower&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gordon Bower (página não existe)">Gordon Bower</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2008:</i> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Posner" title="Michael Posner">Michael Posner</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2009</i>: <a href="/wiki/Mortimer_Mishkin" title="Mortimer Mishkin">Mortimer Mishkin</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2010</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2011:</i> <a href="/wiki/Anne_Treisman" title="Anne Treisman">Anne Treisman</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2012:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Axelrod" title="Robert Axelrod">Robert Axelrod</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2014:</i> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Bandura" title="Albert Bandura">Albert Bandura</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ciências_Biológicas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ciências Biológicas</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1960</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1963:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Bernardus_van_Niel" title="Cornelis Bernardus van Niel">Cornelis Bernardus van Niel</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1964:</i> <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_Dobzhansky" title="Theodosius Dobzhansky">Theodosius Dobzhansky</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Nirenberg" title="Marshall Nirenberg">Marshall Nirenberg</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1965:</i> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Rous" title="Francis Rous">Francis Rous</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Gaylord_Simpson" title="George Gaylord Simpson">George Gaylord Simpson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Donald_Van_Slyke" title="Donald Van Slyke">Donald Van Slyke</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1966:</i> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Fred_Knipling" title="Edward Fred Knipling">Edward Fred Knipling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Albert_Lipmann" title="Fritz Albert Lipmann">Fritz Albert Lipmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Cumming_Rose" title="William Cumming Rose">William Cumming Rose</a> e <a href="/wiki/Sewall_Wright" title="Sewall Wright">Sewall Wright</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1967:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Cole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth Cole (página não existe)">Kenneth Cole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Harlow" title="Harry Harlow">Harry Harlow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Heidelberger" title="Michael Heidelberger">Michael Heidelberger</a> e <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Sturtevant" title="Alfred Sturtevant">Alfred Sturtevant</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1968:</i> <a href="/wiki/Horace_Barker" title="Horace Barker">Horace Barker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Brodie" title="Bernard Brodie">Bernard Brodie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Detlev_Bronk" title="Detlev Bronk">Detlev Bronk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jay_Laurence_Lush" title="Jay Laurence Lush">Jay Laurence Lush</a> e <a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">B. F. Skinner</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1969:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_H%C3%BCbner" title="Robert Hübner">Robert Hübner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mayr" title="Ernst Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1970</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1970:</i> <a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a> e <a href="/wiki/Albert_Sabin" title="Albert Sabin">Albert Sabin</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1973:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Arnon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Arnon (página não existe)">Daniel Arnon</a> e <a href="/wiki/Earl_Sutherland" title="Earl Sutherland">Earl Sutherland</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1974:</i> <a href="/wiki/Britton_Chance" title="Britton Chance">Britton Chance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Chargaff" title="Erwin Chargaff">Erwin Chargaff</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Neel" title="James Neel">James Neel</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Hannon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Hannon (página não existe)">James Hannon</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1975:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hallowell_Davis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hallowell Davis (página não existe)">Hallowell Davis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Gyorgy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Gyorgy (página não existe)">Paul Gyorgy</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sterling_Hendricks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sterling Hendricks (página não existe)">Sterling Hendricks</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orville_Vogel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orville Vogel (página não existe)">Orville Vogel</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1976:</i> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Guillemin" title="Roger Guillemin">Roger Guillemin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Roberts_Porter" title="Keith Roberts Porter">Keith Roberts Porter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Efraim_Racker" title="Efraim Racker">Efraim Racker</a> e <a href="/wiki/Edward_Osborne_Wilson" title="Edward Osborne Wilson">Edward Osborne Wilson</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1979:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Burris" title="Robert H. Burris">Robert H. Burris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_C._Crosby" title="Elizabeth C. Crosby">Elizabeth C. Crosby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kornberg" title="Arthur Kornberg">Arthur Kornberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Severo Ochoa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Earl_Stadtman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Earl Stadtman (página não existe)">Earl Stadtman</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Ledyard_Stebbins" title="George Ledyard Stebbins">George Ledyard Stebbins</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Weiss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Weiss (página não existe)">Paul Weiss</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1980</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1981:</i> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Handler" title="Philip Handler">Philip Handler</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1982:</i> <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Benzer" title="Seymour Benzer">Seymour Benzer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glenn_Burton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glenn Burton (página não existe)">Glenn Burton</a> e <a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1983:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Bachrach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Howard Bachrach (página não existe)">Howard Bachrach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Lee_Roelofs" title="Wendell Lee Roelofs">Wendell Lee Roelofs</a> e <a href="/wiki/Berta_Scharrer" title="Berta Scharrer">Berta Scharrer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1986:</i> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cohen" title="Stanley Cohen">Stanley Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Henderson" title="Donald Henderson">Donald Henderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Mountcastle" title="Vernon Mountcastle">Vernon Mountcastle</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Palade" title="George Palade">George Palade</a> e <a href="/wiki/Joan_A._Steitz" title="Joan A. Steitz">Joan A. Steitz</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1987:</i> <a href="/wiki/Michael_DeBakey" title="Michael DeBakey">Michael DeBakey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Otto_Diener" title="Theodor Otto Diener">Theodor Otto Diener</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Eagle" title="Harry Eagle">Harry Eagle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Har_Khorana" title="Har Khorana">Har Khorana</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rita_Levi-Montalcini" title="Rita Levi-Montalcini">Rita Levi-Montalcini</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1988:</i> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Stuart_Brown" title="Michael Stuart Brown">Michael Stuart Brown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Norman_Cohen" title="Stanley Norman Cohen">Stanley Norman Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goldstein" title="Joseph Goldstein">Joseph Goldstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Hilleman" title="Maurice Hilleman">Maurice Hilleman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Kandel" title="Eric Kandel">Eric Kandel</a> e <a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Yalow">Rosalyn Yalow</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1989:</i> <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Esau" title="Katherine Esau">Katherine Esau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Hamburger" title="Viktor Hamburger">Viktor Hamburger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Leder" title="Philip Leder">Philip Leder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Lederberg" title="Joshua Lederberg">Joshua Lederberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Sperry" title="Roger Sperry">Roger Sperry</a> e <a href="/wiki/Harland_Goff_Wood" title="Harland Goff Wood">Harland Goff Wood</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1990</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1990:</i> <a href="/wiki/Baruj_Benacerraf" title="Baruj Benacerraf">Baruj Benacerraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Boyer" title="Herbert Boyer">Herbert Boyer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Koshland" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Koshland">Daniel Koshland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Lewis" title="Edward Lewis">Edward Lewis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Nathan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Nathan (página não existe)">David Nathan</a> e <a href="/wiki/Edward_Donnall_Thomas" title="Edward Donnall Thomas">Edward Donnall Thomas</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1991:</i> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Ellen_Avery" title="Mary Ellen Avery">Mary Ellen Avery</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Evelyn_Hutchinson" title="George Evelyn Hutchinson">George Evelyn Hutchinson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elvin_Kabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elvin Kabat (página não existe)">Elvin Kabat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kates" title="Robert Kates">Robert Kates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Luria" title="Salvador Luria">Salvador Luria</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Marks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Marks (página não existe)">Paul Marks</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Folke_Skoog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Folke Skoog (página não existe)">Folke Skoog</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Zamecnik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Zamecnik (página não existe)">Paul Zamecnik</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1992:</i> <a href="/wiki/Maxine_Singer" title="Maxine Singer">Maxine Singer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Howard Martin Temin</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1993:</i> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nathans" title="Daniel Nathans">Daniel Nathans</a> e <a href="/wiki/Salome_G._Waelsch" title="Salome G. Waelsch">Salome G. Waelsch</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1994:</i> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eisner" title="Thomas Eisner">Thomas Eisner</a> e <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Neufeld" title="Elizabeth Neufeld">Elizabeth Neufeld</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1995:</i> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Rich" title="Alexander Rich">Alexander Rich</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1996:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1997:</i> <a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James Watson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Allan_Weinberg" title="Robert Allan Weinberg">Robert Allan Weinberg</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1998:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Ames" title="Bruce Ames">Bruce Ames</a> e <a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1999:</i> <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jared_Diamond" title="Jared Diamond">Jared Diamond</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lynn_Margulis" title="Lynn Margulis">Lynn Margulis</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2000:</i> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Coover_Andreasen" title="Nancy Coover Andreasen">Nancy Coover Andreasen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_H._Raven" title="Peter H. Raven">Peter H. Raven</a> e <a href="/wiki/Carl_Woese" title="Carl Woese">Carl Woese</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2001:</i> <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Jos%C3%A9_Ayala" title="Francisco José Ayala">Francisco José Ayala</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Bass" class="mw-redirect" title="George Bass">George Bass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mario_Capecchi" title="Mario Capecchi">Mario Capecchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ann_Graybiel" title="Ann Graybiel">Ann Graybiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gene_Likens" title="Gene Likens">Gene Likens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_A._McKusick" title="Victor A. McKusick">Victor A. McKusick</a> e <a href="/wiki/Harold_Varmus" title="Harold Varmus">Harold Varmus</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2002:</i> <a href="/wiki/James_E._Darnell" title="James E. Darnell">James E. Darnell</a> e <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_M._Witkin" title="Evelyn M. Witkin">Evelyn M. Witkin</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2003:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Bishop" title="John Michael Bishop">John Michael Bishop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Halbert_Snyder" title="Solomon Halbert Snyder">Solomon Halbert Snyder</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Yanofsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Yanofsky (página não existe)">Charles Yanofsky</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2004:</i> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Borlaug" title="Norman Borlaug">Norman Borlaug</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Allen_Sharp" title="Phillip Allen Sharp">Phillip Allen Sharp</a> e <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Starzl" title="Thomas Starzl">Thomas Starzl</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2005:</i> <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Fauci" title="Anthony Fauci">Anthony Fauci</a> e <a href="/wiki/Torsten_Wiesel" title="Torsten Wiesel">Torsten Wiesel</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2006:</i> <a href="/wiki/Rita_Colwell" title="Rita Colwell">Rita Colwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nina_Fedoroff" title="Nina Fedoroff">Nina Fedoroff</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lubert_Stryer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lubert Stryer (página não existe)">Lubert Stryer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2007:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bert_William_O%E2%80%99Malley" title="Bert William O’Malley">Bert William O’Malley</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2008:</i> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Collins" title="Francis Collins">Francis Collins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Fuchs" title="Elaine Fuchs">Elaine Fuchs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Craig_Venter" title="Craig Venter">Craig Venter</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2009:</i> <a href="/wiki/Susan_Lindquist" title="Susan Lindquist">Susan Lindquist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Prusiner" title="Stanley Prusiner">Stanley Prusiner</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2010</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2010:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Lawrence_Brinster" title="Ralph Lawrence Brinster">Ralph Lawrence Brinster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jaenisch" title="Rudolf Jaenisch">Rudolf Jaenisch</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2011:</i> <a href="/wiki/Lucy_Shapiro" title="Lucy Shapiro">Lucy Shapiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leroy_Hood" title="Leroy Hood">Leroy Hood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sallie_Chisholm" title="Sallie Chisholm">Sallie Chisholm</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2012:</i> <a href="/wiki/May_Berenbaum" title="May Berenbaum">May Berenbaum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Alberts" title="Bruce Alberts">Bruce Alberts</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2013:</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rakesh_Jain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rakesh Jain (página não existe)">Rakesh Jain</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2014:</i> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Falkow" title="Stanley Falkow">Stanley Falkow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary-Claire_King" title="Mary-Claire King">Mary-Claire King</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Levin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Levin (página não existe)">Simon Levin</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Química" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Química</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1960</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1964:</i> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Adams" title="Roger Adams">Roger Adams</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1980</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1982:</i> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Albert_Cotton" title="Frank Albert Cotton">Frank Albert Cotton</a> e <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stork" title="Gilbert Stork">Gilbert Stork</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1983:</i> <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Claude_Pimentel" title="George Claude Pimentel">George Claude Pimentel</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Zare" title="Richard Zare">Richard Zare</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1986:</i> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Barkus_Gray" title="Harry Barkus Gray">Harry Barkus Gray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yuan_Lee" title="Yuan Lee">Yuan Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Shipp_Marvel" title="Carl Shipp Marvel">Carl Shipp Marvel</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frank_Westheimer" title="Frank Westheimer">Frank Westheimer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1987:</i> <a href="/wiki/William_Summer_Johnson" title="William Summer Johnson">William Summer Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Hugo_Stockmayer" title="Walter Hugo Stockmayer">Walter Hugo Stockmayer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Max_Tishler" title="Max Tishler">Max Tishler</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1988:</i> <a href="/wiki/William_Oliver_Baker" title="William Oliver Baker">William Oliver Baker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konrad_Bloch" title="Konrad Bloch">Konrad Bloch</a> e <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias James Corey</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1989:</i> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Barry_Bernstein" title="Richard Barry Bernstein">Richard Barry Bernstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_Arthur_Marcus" title="Rudolph Arthur Marcus">Rudolph Arthur Marcus</a> e <a href="/wiki/Harden_McConnell" title="Harden McConnell">Harden McConnell</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1990</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1990:</i> <a href="/wiki/Elkan_Blout" title="Elkan Blout">Elkan Blout</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_August_Folkers" title="Karl August Folkers">Karl August Folkers</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Dombrowski_Roberts" title="John Dombrowski Roberts">John Dombrowski Roberts</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1991:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Breslow" title="Ronald Breslow">Ronald Breslow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Elion" title="Gertrude Elion">Gertrude Elion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Robert_Herschbach" title="Dudley Robert Herschbach">Dudley Robert Herschbach</a> e <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Theodore_Seaborg" title="Glenn Theodore Seaborg">Glenn Theodore Seaborg</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1992:</i> <a href="/wiki/Howard_Ensign_Simmons" title="Howard Ensign Simmons">Howard Ensign Simmons</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1993:</i> <a href="/wiki/Donald_James_Cram" title="Donald James Cram">Donald James Cram</a> e <a href="/wiki/Norman_Hackerman" title="Norman Hackerman">Norman Hackerman</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1994:</i> <a href="/wiki/George_Simms_Hammond" title="George Simms Hammond">George Simms Hammond</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1995:</i> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a> e <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Karle" title="Isabella Karle">Isabella Karle</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1996:</i> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Davidson" title="Norman Davidson">Norman Davidson</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1997:</i> <a href="/wiki/Darleane_Hoffman" title="Darleane Hoffman">Darleane Hoffman</a> e <a href="/wiki/Harold_S._Johnston" title="Harold S. Johnston">Harold S. Johnston</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1998:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Werner_Cahn" title="John Werner Cahn">John Werner Cahn</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Whitesides" title="George Whitesides">George Whitesides</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1999:</i> <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Alan_Rice" title="Stuart Alan Rice">Stuart Alan Rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Ross" title="John Ross">John Ross</a> e <a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2000:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Baldeschwieler" title="John Baldeschwieler">John Baldeschwieler</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Hirschmann" title="Ralph Hirschmann">Ralph Hirschmann</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2001:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Roy_Davidson" title="Ernest Roy Davidson">Ernest Roy Davidson</a> e <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1bor_Somorjai" title="Gábor Somorjai">Gábor Somorjai</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2002:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Brauman" title="John Brauman">John Brauman</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2004:</i> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lippard" title="Stephen Lippard">Stephen Lippard</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2006:</i> <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Harry_Caruthers" title="Marvin Harry Caruthers">Marvin Harry Caruthers</a> e <a href="/wiki/Peter_Dervan" title="Peter Dervan">Peter Dervan</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2007:</i> <a href="/wiki/Mostafa_El-Sayed" title="Mostafa El-Sayed">Mostafa El-Sayed</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2008:</i> <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Fowler" title="Joanna Fowler">Joanna Fowler</a> e <a href="/wiki/JoAnne_Stubbe" title="JoAnne Stubbe">JoAnne Stubbe</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2009:</i> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_James_Benkovic" title="Stephen James Benkovic">Stephen James Benkovic</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marye_Anne_Fox" title="Marye Anne Fox">Marye Anne Fox</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2010</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2010:</i> <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Barton" title="Jacqueline Barton">Jacqueline Barton</a> e <a href="/wiki/Peter_John_Stang" title="Peter John Stang">Peter John Stang</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2011:</i> <a href="/wiki/Allen_Joseph_Bard" title="Allen Joseph Bard">Allen Joseph Bard</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Hawthorne" title="Frederick Hawthorne">Frederick Hawthorne</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2012:</i> <a href="/wiki/Judith_Klinman" title="Judith Klinman">Judith Klinman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerrold_Meinwald" title="Jerrold Meinwald">Jerrold Meinwald</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2013:</i> <a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Richmond" title="Geraldine Richmond">Geraldine Richmond</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2014:</i> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Alivisatos" title="Paul Alivisatos">Paul Alivisatos</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ciências_da_Engenharia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ciências da Engenharia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1960</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1962:</i> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_von_K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n" title="Theodore von Kármán">Theodore von Kármán</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1963:</i> <a href="/wiki/Vannevar_Bush" title="Vannevar Bush">Vannevar Bush</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Robinson_Pierce" title="John Robinson Pierce">John Robinson Pierce</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1964:</i> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Stark_Draper" title="Charles Stark Draper">Charles Stark Draper</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1965:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Latimer_Dryden" title="Hugh Latimer Dryden">Hugh Latimer Dryden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Johnson" title="Clarence Johnson">Clarence Johnson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Warren_Lewis" title="Warren Lewis">Warren Lewis</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1966:</i> <a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1967:</i> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Land" title="Edwin Land">Edwin Land</a> e <a href="/wiki/Igor_Sikorsky" title="Igor Sikorsky">Igor Sikorsky</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1968:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Presper_Eckert" title="John Presper Eckert">John Presper Eckert</a> e <a href="/wiki/Nathan_M._Newmark" title="Nathan M. Newmark">Nathan M. Newmark</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1969:</i> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Jack Kilby</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1970</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1970:</i> <a href="/wiki/George_Mueller" title="George Mueller">George Mueller</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1973:</i> <a href="/wiki/Harold_Eugene_Edgerton" title="Harold Eugene Edgerton">Harold Eugene Edgerton</a> e <a href="/wiki/Richard_Whitcomb" title="Richard Whitcomb">Richard Whitcomb</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1974:</i> <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Kompfner" title="Rudolf Kompfner">Rudolf Kompfner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Brazelton_Peck" title="Ralph Brazelton Peck">Ralph Brazelton Peck</a> e <a href="/wiki/Abel_Wolman" title="Abel Wolman">Abel Wolman</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1975:</i> <a href="/wiki/Manson_Benedict" title="Manson Benedict">Manson Benedict</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Hayward_Pickering" title="William Hayward Pickering">William Hayward Pickering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Terman" title="Frederick Terman">Frederick Terman</a> e <a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1976:</i> <a href="/wiki/Morris_Cohen" title="Morris Cohen">Morris Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Carl_Goldmark" title="Peter Carl Goldmark">Peter Carl Goldmark</a> e <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Wilhelm_M%C3%BCller" title="Erwin Wilhelm Müller">Erwin Wilhelm Müller</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1979:</i> <a href="/wiki/Emmett_Leith" title="Emmett Leith">Emmett Leith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Mindlin" title="Raymond Mindlin">Raymond Mindlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Noyce" title="Robert Noyce">Robert Noyce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earl_Randall_Parker" title="Earl Randall Parker">Earl Randall Parker</a> e <a href="/wiki/Simon_Ramo" title="Simon Ramo">Simon Ramo</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1980</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1982:</i> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Heinemann" title="Edward Heinemann">Edward Heinemann</a> e <a href="/wiki/Donald_Katz" title="Donald Katz">Donald Katz</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1983:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hewlett" title="Bill Hewlett">Bill Hewlett</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Low" title="George Low">George Low</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_George_Trump" title="John George Trump">John George Trump</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1986:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Wolfgang_Liepmann" title="Hans Wolfgang Liepmann">Hans Wolfgang Liepmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tung-Yen_Lin" title="Tung-Yen Lin">Tung-Yen Lin</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Oliver" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernard Oliver">Bernard Oliver</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1987:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byron_Bird" title="Robert Byron Bird">Robert Byron Bird</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Bolton_Seed" title="Harry Bolton Seed">Harry Bolton Seed</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Weber" title="Ernst Weber">Ernst Weber</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1988:</i> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Drucker" title="Daniel Drucker">Daniel Drucker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willis_Hawkins" title="Willis Hawkins">Willis Hawkins</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_W._Housner" title="George W. Housner">George W. Housner</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1989:</i> <a href="/wiki/Harry_George_Drickamer" title="Harry George Drickamer">Harry George Drickamer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Earl_Grier" title="Herbert Earl Grier">Herbert Earl Grier</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1990</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1990:</i> <a href="/wiki/Mildred_Dresselhaus" title="Mildred Dresselhaus">Mildred Dresselhaus</a> e <a href="/wiki/Nick_Holonyak" title="Nick Holonyak">Nick Holonyak</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1991:</i> <a href="/wiki/George_Heilmeier" title="George Heilmeier">George Heilmeier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luna_Leopold" title="Luna Leopold">Luna Leopold</a> e <a href="/wiki/Guyford_Stever" title="Guyford Stever">Guyford Stever</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1992:</i> <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Quate" title="Calvin Quate">Calvin Quate</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Roy_Whinnery" title="John Roy Whinnery">John Roy Whinnery</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1993:</i> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Yi_Cho" title="Alfred Yi Cho">Alfred Yi Cho</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1994:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ray_Clough" title="Ray Clough">Ray Clough</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1995:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Anton_Haus" title="Hermann Anton Haus">Hermann Anton Haus</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1996:</i> <a href="/wiki/James_Flanagan" title="James Flanagan">James Flanagan</a> e <a href="/wiki/Chandra_Kumar_Patel" title="Chandra Kumar Patel">Chandra Kumar Patel</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1998:</i> <a href="/wiki/Eli_Ruckenstein" title="Eli Ruckenstein">Eli Ruckenstein</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1999:</i> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_N._Stevens" title="Kenneth N. Stevens">Kenneth N. Stevens</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2000:</i> <a href="/wiki/Yuan-Cheng_Fung" title="Yuan-Cheng Fung">Yuan-Cheng Fung</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2001:</i> <a href="/wiki/Andreas_Acrivos" title="Andreas Acrivos">Andreas Acrivos</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2002:</i> <a href="/wiki/Leo_Beranek" title="Leo Beranek">Leo Beranek</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2003:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Prausnitz" title="John Prausnitz">John Prausnitz</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2004:</i> <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Lightfoot" title="Edwin Lightfoot">Edwin Lightfoot</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2005:</i> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Achenbach" title="Jan Achenbach">Jan Achenbach</a> e <a href="/wiki/Tobin_Marks" title="Tobin Marks">Tobin Marks</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2006:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Langer" title="Robert Langer">Robert Langer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2007:</i> <a href="/wiki/David_Wineland" title="David Wineland">David Wineland</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2008:</i> <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Kalman" title="Rudolf Kalman">Rudolf Kalman</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2009:</i> <a href="/wiki/Amnon_Yariv" title="Amnon Yariv">Amnon Yariv</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2010</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2010:</i> <a href="/wiki/Shu_Chien" title="Shu Chien">Shu Chien</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2011:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Bannister_Goodenough" title="John Bannister Goodenough">John Bannister Goodenough</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2014:</i> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kailath" title="Thomas Kailath">Thomas Kailath</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ciências_Matemáticas,_Estatísticas_e_Computacionais" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ciências Matemáticas, Estatísticas e Computacionais</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1960</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1963:</i> <a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wiener" title="Norbert Wiener">Norbert Wiener</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1964:</i> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Lefschetz" title="Solomon Lefschetz">Solomon Lefschetz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marston_Morse" title="Marston Morse">Marston Morse</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1965:</i> <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Zariski" title="Oscar Zariski">Oscar Zariski</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1966:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Milnor" title="John Milnor">John Milnor</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1967:</i> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Cohen_(matem%C3%A1tico)" title="Paul Cohen (matemático)">Paul Cohen</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1968:</i> <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Neyman" title="Jerzy Neyman">Jerzy Neyman</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1969:</i> <a href="/wiki/William_Feller" title="William Feller">William Feller</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1970</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1970:</i> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Brauer" title="Richard Brauer">Richard Brauer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1973:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Tukey" title="John Tukey">John Tukey</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1974:</i> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_G%C3%B6del" title="Kurt Gödel">Kurt Gödel</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1975:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Backus" title="John Backus">John Backus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shiing-Shen_Chern" title="Shiing-Shen Chern">Shiing-Shen Chern</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Dantzig" title="George Dantzig">George Dantzig</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1976:</i> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Otto_Friedrichs" title="Kurt Otto Friedrichs">Kurt Otto Friedrichs</a> e <a href="/wiki/Hassler_Whitney" title="Hassler Whitney">Hassler Whitney</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1979:</i> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Leo_Doob" title="Joseph Leo Doob">Joseph Leo Doob</a> e <a href="/wiki/Donald_Knuth" title="Donald Knuth">Donald Knuth</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1980</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1982:</i> <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Harvey_Stone" title="Marshall Harvey Stone">Marshall Harvey Stone</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1983:</i> <a href="/wiki/Herman_Goldstine" title="Herman Goldstine">Herman Goldstine</a> e <a href="/wiki/Isadore_Singer" title="Isadore Singer">Isadore Singer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1986:</i> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lax" title="Peter Lax">Peter Lax</a> e <a href="/wiki/Antoni_Zygmund" title="Antoni Zygmund">Antoni Zygmund</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1987:</i> <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Bott" title="Raoul Bott">Raoul Bott</a> e <a href="/wiki/Michael_Freedman" title="Michael Freedman">Michael Freedman</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1988:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Gomory" title="Ralph Gomory">Ralph Gomory</a> e <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Keller" title="Joseph Keller">Joseph Keller</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1989:</i> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Karlin" title="Samuel Karlin">Samuel Karlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saunders_Mac_Lane" title="Saunders Mac Lane">Saunders Mac Lane</a> e <a href="/wiki/Donald_Spencer" title="Donald Spencer">Donald Spencer</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1990</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1990:</i> <a href="/wiki/George_Carrier" title="George Carrier">George Carrier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Kleene" title="Stephen Kleene">Stephen Kleene</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy" title="John McCarthy">John McCarthy</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1991:</i> <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Calder%C3%B3n" title="Alberto Calderón">Alberto Calderón</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1992:</i> <a href="/wiki/Allen_Newell" title="Allen Newell">Allen Newell</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1993:</i> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Kruskal" title="Martin Kruskal">Martin Kruskal</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1994:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Cocke" title="John Cocke">John Cocke</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1995:</i> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Nirenberg" title="Louis Nirenberg">Louis Nirenberg</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1996:</i> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Karp" title="Richard Karp">Richard Karp</a> e <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Smale" title="Stephen Smale">Stephen Smale</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1997:</i> <a href="/wiki/Shing-Tung_Yau" title="Shing-Tung Yau">Shing-Tung Yau</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1998:</i> <a href="/wiki/Cathleen_Synge_Morawetz" title="Cathleen Synge Morawetz">Cathleen Synge Morawetz</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1999:</i> <a href="/wiki/Felix_Browder" title="Felix Browder">Felix Browder</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coifman" title="Ronald Coifman">Ronald Coifman</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2000:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Griggs_Thompson" title="John Griggs Thompson">John Griggs Thompson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Karen_Uhlenbeck" title="Karen Uhlenbeck">Karen Uhlenbeck</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2001:</i> <a href="/wiki/Calyampudi_Radhakrishna_Rao" title="Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao">Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao</a> e <a href="/wiki/Elias_Stein" title="Elias Stein">Elias Stein</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2002:</i> <a href="/wiki/James_Glimm" title="James Glimm">James Glimm</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2003:</i> <a href="/wiki/Carl_de_Boor" title="Carl de Boor">Carl de Boor</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2004:</i> <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Sullivan" title="Dennis Sullivan">Dennis Sullivan</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2005:</i> <a href="/wiki/Bradley_Efron" title="Bradley Efron">Bradley Efron</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2006:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hyman_Bass" title="Hyman Bass">Hyman Bass</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2007:</i> <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Kleinrock" title="Leonard Kleinrock">Leonard Kleinrock</a> e <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Viterbi" title="Andrew Viterbi">Andrew Viterbi</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2009:</i> <a href="/wiki/David_Mumford" title="David Mumford">David Mumford</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2010</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2010:</i> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Alfred_Tapia" title="Richard Alfred Tapia">Richard Alfred Tapia</a> e <a href="/wiki/S._R._Srinivasa_Varadhan" title="S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan">S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2011:</i> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Wolf_Golomb" title="Solomon Wolf Golomb">Solomon Wolf Golomb</a> e <a href="/wiki/Barry_Mazur" title="Barry Mazur">Barry Mazur</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2014:</i> <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Chorin" title="Alexandre Chorin">Alexandre Chorin</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Blackwell" title="David Blackwell">David Blackwell</a> (póstuma)</span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2015:</i> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Artin" title="Michael Artin">Michael Artin</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ciências_Físicas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ciências Físicas</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1960</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1963:</i> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Luis Walter Alvarez</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1964:</i> <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Julian Schwinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Clayton_Urey" title="Harold Clayton Urey">Harold Clayton Urey</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Burns Woodward</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1965:</i> <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Max_Lederman" title="Leon Max Lederman">Leon Max Lederman</a> e <a href="/wiki/William_Walden_Rubey" title="William Walden Rubey">William Walden Rubey</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1966:</i> <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Bjerknes" title="Jacob Bjerknes">Jacob Bjerknes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Eyring" title="Henry Eyring">Henry Eyring</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">John Hasbrouck Van Vleck</a> e <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Zworykin" title="Vladimir Zworykin">Vladimir Zworykin</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1967:</i> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Beams" title="Jesse Beams">Jesse Beams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Birch" title="Francis Birch">Francis Birch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Breit" title="Gregory Breit">Gregory Breit</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Plack_Hammett" title="Louis Plack Hammett">Louis Plack Hammett</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Kistiakowsky" title="George Kistiakowsky">George Kistiakowsky</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1968:</i> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Doughty_Bartlett" title="Paul Doughty Bartlett">Paul Doughty Bartlett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Friedman" title="Herbert Friedman">Herbert Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a> e <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Paul_Wigner" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Paul Wigner">Eugene Paul Wigner</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1969:</i> <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Charles_Brown" title="Herbert Charles Brown">Herbert Charles Brown</a> e <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Panofsky" title="Wolfgang Panofsky">Wolfgang Panofsky</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1970</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1970:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Henry_Dicke" title="Robert Henry Dicke">Robert Henry Dicke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allan_Rex_Sandage" title="Allan Rex Sandage">Allan Rex Sandage</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Clarke_Slater" title="John Clarke Slater">John Clarke Slater</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">John Archibald Wheeler</a> e <a href="/wiki/Saul_Winstein" title="Saul Winstein">Saul Winstein</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1973:</i> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Djerassi" title="Carl Djerassi">Carl Djerassi</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Maurice_Ewing" title="William Maurice Ewing">William Maurice Ewing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arie_Jan_Haagen-Smit" title="Arie Jan Haagen-Smit">Arie Jan Haagen-Smit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Haensel" title="Vladimir Haensel">Vladimir Haensel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Seitz" title="Frederick Seitz">Frederick Seitz</a> e <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rathbun_Wilson" title="Robert Rathbun Wilson">Robert Rathbun Wilson</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1974:</i> <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_John_Flory" title="Paul John Flory">Paul John Flory</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">William Alfred Fowler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a> e <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Sanborn_Pitzer" title="Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer">Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1975:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hirschfelder" title="Joseph Hirschfelder">Joseph Hirschfelder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Hastings_Sarett" title="Lewis Hastings Sarett">Lewis Hastings Sarett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Bright_Wilson" title="Edgar Bright Wilson">Edgar Bright Wilson</a> e <a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1976:</i> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Abraham_Goudsmit" title="Samuel Abraham Goudsmit">Samuel Abraham Goudsmit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_S._Gutowsky" title="Herbert S. Gutowsky">Herbert S. Gutowsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Rossini" title="Frederick Rossini">Frederick Rossini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verner_Suomi" title="Verner Suomi">Verner Suomi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Eugene_Uhlenbeck" title="George Eugene Uhlenbeck">George Eugene Uhlenbeck</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1979:</i> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Mark" title="Hermann Mark">Hermann Mark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Mills Purcell</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Sinfelt" title="John Sinfelt">John Sinfelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Spitzer" title="Lyman Spitzer">Lyman Spitzer</a> e <a href="/wiki/Victor_Weisskopf" title="Victor Weisskopf">Victor Weisskopf</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1980</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1982:</i> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Philip Warren Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Yoichiro Nambu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Teller" title="Edward Teller">Edward Teller</a> e <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Charles Hard Townes</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1983:</i> <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Burbidge" title="Margaret Burbidge">Margaret Burbidge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Goldhaber" title="Maurice Goldhaber">Maurice Goldhaber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helmut_Landsberg" title="Helmut Landsberg">Helmut Landsberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Munk" title="Walter Munk">Walter Munk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Rossi" title="Bruno Rossi">Bruno Rossi</a> e <a href="/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">John Robert Schrieffer</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1986:</i> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Buchsbaum" title="Solomon Buchsbaum">Solomon Buchsbaum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horace_Crane" title="Horace Crane">Horace Crane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herman_Feshbach" title="Herman Feshbach">Herman Feshbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a> e <a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Chen Ning Yang</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1987:</i> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Abelson" title="Philip Abelson">Philip Abelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Elsasser" title="Walter Elsasser">Walter Elsasser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Christian_Lauterbur" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Christian Lauterbur">Paul Christian Lauterbur</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Pake" title="George Pake">George Pake</a> e <a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">James Van Allen</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1988:</i> <a href="/wiki/David_Allan_Bromley" title="David Allan Bromley">David Allan Bromley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chu_Ching-wu" title="Chu Ching-wu">Chu Ching-wu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey" title="Norman Foster Ramsey">Norman Foster Ramsey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1989:</i> <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Orville_Beckman" class="mw-redirect" title="Arnold Orville Beckman">Arnold Orville Beckman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Parker" title="Eugene Parker">Eugene Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Sharp" title="Robert Sharp">Robert Sharp</a> e <a href="/wiki/Henry_Stommel" title="Henry Stommel">Henry Stommel</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 1990</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>1990:</i> <a href="/wiki/Allan_Cormack" title="Allan Cormack">Allan Cormack</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Mattison_McMillan" title="Edwin Mattison McMillan">Edwin Mattison McMillan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Pound" title="Robert Pound">Robert Pound</a> e <a href="/wiki/Roger_Revelle" title="Roger Revelle">Roger Revelle</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1991:</i> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schawlow" title="Arthur Schawlow">Arthur Schawlow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ed_Stone" title="Ed Stone">Ed Stone</a> e <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1992:</i> <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Shoemaker" title="Eugene Shoemaker">Eugene Shoemaker</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1993:</i> <a href="/wiki/Val_Logsdon_Fitch" title="Val Logsdon Fitch">Val Logsdon Fitch</a> e <a href="/wiki/Vera_Rubin" title="Vera Rubin">Vera Rubin</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1994:</i> <a href="/wiki/Albert_Overhauser" title="Albert Overhauser">Albert Overhauser</a> e <a href="/wiki/Frank_Press" title="Frank Press">Frank Press</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1995:</i> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Hans Georg Dehmelt</a> e <a href="/wiki/Peter_Goldreich" title="Peter Goldreich">Peter Goldreich</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1996:</i> <a href="/wiki/Wallace_Smith_Broecker" title="Wallace Smith Broecker">Wallace Smith Broecker</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1997:</i> <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Rosenbluth" title="Marshall Rosenbluth">Marshall Rosenbluth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Schwarzschild" title="Martin Schwarzschild">Martin Schwarzschild</a> e <a href="/wiki/George_Wetherill" title="George Wetherill">George Wetherill</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1998:</i> <a href="/wiki/Don_Lorraine_Anderson" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Lorraine Anderson">Don Lorraine Anderson</a> e <a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Norris Bahcall</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>1999:</i> <a href="/wiki/James_Watson_Cronin" title="James Watson Cronin">James Watson Cronin</a> e <a href="/wiki/Leo_Kadanoff" title="Leo Kadanoff">Leo Kadanoff</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2000:</i> <a href="/wiki/Willis_Eugene_Lamb" title="Willis Eugene Lamb">Willis Eugene Lamb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Paul_Ostriker" title="Jeremiah Paul Ostriker">Jeremiah Paul Ostriker</a> e <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Fowler_White" title="Gilbert Fowler White">Gilbert Fowler White</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2001:</i> <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Cohen" title="Marvin Cohen">Marvin Cohen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a> e <a href="/wiki/Charles_Keeling" title="Charles Keeling">Charles Keeling</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2002:</i> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Garwin" title="Richard Garwin">Richard Garwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Jason_Morgan" title="William Jason Morgan">William Jason Morgan</a> e <a href="/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2003:</i> <a href="/wiki/Brent_Dalrymple" title="Brent Dalrymple">Brent Dalrymple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2004:</i> <a href="/wiki/Robert_N._Clayton" title="Robert N. Clayton">Robert N. Clayton</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2005:</i> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Alpher" title="Ralph Alpher">Ralph Alpher</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lonnie_Thompson" title="Lonnie Thompson">Lonnie Thompson</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2006:</i> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kleppner" title="Daniel Kleppner">Daniel Kleppner</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2007:</i> <a href="/wiki/Fay_Ajzenberg-Selove" title="Fay Ajzenberg-Selove">Fay Ajzenberg-Selove</a> e <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pence_Slichter" title="Charles Pence Slichter">Charles Pence Slichter</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2008:</i> <a href="/wiki/Berni_Alder" title="Berni Alder">Berni Alder</a> e <a href="/wiki/James_Gunn" class="mw-redirect" title="James Gunn">James Gunn</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2009:</i> <a href="/wiki/Yakir_Aharonov" title="Yakir Aharonov">Yakir Aharonov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esther_Marley_Conwell" title="Esther Marley Conwell">Esther Marley Conwell</a> e <a href="/wiki/Warren_Washington" title="Warren Washington">Warren Washington</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Década de 2010</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r57040861"><span class="nowrap"><i>2011:</i> <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Drell" title="Sidney Drell">Sidney Drell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Faber" title="Sandra Faber">Sandra Faber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sylvester_James_Gates" title="Sylvester James Gates">Sylvester James Gates</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2012:</i> <a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sean_Solomon" title="Sean Solomon">Sean Solomon</a></span> <span class="sep-list">·</span> <span class="nowrap"><i>2014:</i> <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medalha_de_Ouro_da_Royal_Astronomical_Society_(1824_–_2024)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_de_Ouro_da_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Predefinição:Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Medalha_de_Ouro_da_Royal_Astronomical_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_de_Ouro_da_Royal_Astronomical_Society&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medalha_de_Ouro_da_Royal_Astronomical_Society_(1824_–_2024)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_de_Ouro_da_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society">Medalha de Ouro da Royal Astronomical Society (1824 – 2024)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Século XIX</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;font-size:95%;line-height:120%;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1820</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1824: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Babbage" title="Charles Babbage">Charles Babbage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Franz_Encke" title="Johann Franz Encke">Johann Franz Encke</a></li> <li>1826: <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_South" title="James South">James South</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Georg_Wilhelm_Struve" title="Friedrich Georg Wilhelm Struve">Wilhelm Struve</a></li> <li>1827: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Baily" title="Francis Baily">Francis Baily</a></li> <li>1828: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brisbane" title="Thomas Brisbane">Thomas Brisbane</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Dunlop" title="James Dunlop">James Dunlop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Herschel" title="Caroline Herschel">Caroline Herschel</a></li> <li>1829: <a href="/wiki/William_Pearson" title="William Pearson">William Pearson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Bessel" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel">Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Christian_Schumacher" title="Heinrich Christian Schumacher">Heinrich Christian Schumacher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1830</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1830: <a href="/wiki/William_Richardson_(astr%C3%B4nomo)" title="William Richardson (astrônomo)">William Richardson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Franz_Encke" title="Johann Franz Encke">Johann Franz Encke</a></li> <li>1831: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Kater" title="Henry Kater">Henry Kater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marie-Charles_Damoiseau" title="Marie-Charles Damoiseau">Marie-Charles Damoiseau</a></li> <li>1833: <a href="/wiki/George_Biddell_Airy" title="George Biddell Airy">George Biddell Airy</a></li> <li>1835: <a href="/wiki/Manuel_John_Johnson" title="Manuel John Johnson">Manuel John Johnson</a></li> <li>1836: <a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a></li> <li>1837: <a href="/wiki/Otto_August_Rosenberger" title="Otto August Rosenberger">Otto August Rosenberger</a></li> <li>1839: <a href="/wiki/John_Wrottesley" title="John Wrottesley">John Wrottesley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1840</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1840: <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Plana" title="Giovanni Plana">Giovanni Plana</a></li> <li>1841: <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Bessel" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel">Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel</a></li> <li>1842: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Andreas_Hansen" title="Peter Andreas Hansen">Peter Andreas Hansen</a></li> <li>1843: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Baily" title="Francis Baily">Francis Baily</a></li> <li>1845: <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Smyth" title="William Henry Smyth">William Henry Smyth</a></li> <li>1846: <a href="/wiki/George_Biddell_Airy" title="George Biddell Airy">George Biddell Airy</a></li> <li>1849: <a href="/wiki/William_Lassell" title="William Lassell">William Lassell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1850</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1850: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wilhelm_von_Struve" title="Otto Wilhelm von Struve">Otto Wilhelm von Struve</a></li> <li>1851: <a href="/wiki/Annibale_de_Gasparis" title="Annibale de Gasparis">Annibale de Gasparis</a></li> <li>1852: <a href="/wiki/Christian_August_Friedrich_Peters" title="Christian August Friedrich Peters">Christian August Friedrich Peters</a></li> <li>1853: <a href="/wiki/John_Russell_Hind" title="John Russell Hind">John Russell Hind</a></li> <li>1854: <a href="/wiki/Karl_R%C3%BCmker" title="Karl Rümker">Karl Rümker</a></li> <li>1855: <a href="/wiki/William_Rutter_Dawes" title="William Rutter Dawes">William Rutter Dawes</a></li> <li>1856: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grant" title="Robert Grant">Robert Grant</a></li> <li>1857: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Heinrich_Schwabe" title="Samuel Heinrich Schwabe">Samuel Heinrich Schwabe</a></li> <li>1858: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Main" title="Robert Main">Robert Main</a></li> <li>1859: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Christopher_Carrington" title="Richard Christopher Carrington">Richard Christopher Carrington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1860</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1860: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Andreas_Hansen" title="Peter Andreas Hansen">Peter Andreas Hansen</a></li> <li>1861: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Mayer_Salomon_Goldschmidt" title="Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt">Hermann Mayer Salomon Goldschmidt</a></li> <li>1862: <a href="/wiki/Warren_De_La_Rue" title="Warren De La Rue">Warren De La Rue</a></li> <li>1863: <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_August_Argelander" title="Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander">Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander</a></li> <li>1865: <a href="/wiki/George_Phillips_Bond" title="George Phillips Bond">George Phillips Bond</a></li> <li>1866: <a href="/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams">John Couch Adams</a></li> <li>1867: <a href="/wiki/William_Huggins" title="William Huggins">William Huggins</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Allen_Miller" title="William Allen Miller">William Allen Miller</a></li> <li>1868: <a href="/wiki/Urbain_Le_Verrier" title="Urbain Le Verrier">Urbain Le Verrier</a></li> <li>1869: <a href="/wiki/Edward_James_Stone" title="Edward James Stone">Edward James Stone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1870</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1870: <a href="/wiki/Charles-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delaunay" title="Charles-Eugène Delaunay">Charles-Eugène Delaunay</a></li> <li>1872: <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Schiaparelli" title="Giovanni Schiaparelli">Giovanni Schiaparelli</a></li> <li>1874: <a href="/wiki/Simon_Newcomb" title="Simon Newcomb">Simon Newcomb</a></li> <li>1875: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Louis_d%27Arrest" title="Heinrich Louis d'Arrest">Heinrich Louis d'Arrest</a></li> <li>1876: <a href="/wiki/Urbain_Le_Verrier" title="Urbain Le Verrier">Urbain Le Verrier</a></li> <li>1878: <a href="/wiki/Ercole_Dembowski" title="Ercole Dembowski">Ercole Dembowski</a></li> <li>1879: <a href="/wiki/Asaph_Hall" title="Asaph Hall">Asaph Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1880</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1881: <a href="/wiki/Axel_M%C3%B6ller" title="Axel Möller">Axel Möller</a></li> <li>1882: <a href="/wiki/David_Gill" title="David Gill">David Gill</a></li> <li>1883: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Apthorp_Gould" title="Benjamin Apthorp Gould">Benjamin Apthorp Gould</a></li> <li>1884: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Ainslie_Common" title="Andrew Ainslie Common">Andrew Ainslie Common</a></li> <li>1885: <a href="/wiki/William_Huggins" title="William Huggins">William Huggins</a></li> <li>1886: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Charles_Pickering" title="Edward Charles Pickering">Edward Charles Pickering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pritchard" title="Charles Pritchard">Charles Pritchard</a></li> <li>1887: <a href="/wiki/George_William_Hill" title="George William Hill">George William Hill</a></li> <li>1888: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Auwers" title="Arthur Auwers">Arthur Auwers</a></li> <li>1889: <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Loewy" title="Maurice Loewy">Maurice Loewy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1890</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1892: <a href="/wiki/George_Darwin" title="George Darwin">George Darwin</a></li> <li>1893: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Carl_Vogel" title="Hermann Carl Vogel">Hermann Carl Vogel</a></li> <li>1894: <a href="/wiki/Sherburne_Wesley_Burnham" title="Sherburne Wesley Burnham">Sherburne Wesley Burnham</a></li> <li>1895: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Roberts" title="Isaac Roberts">Isaac Roberts</a></li> <li>1896: <a href="/wiki/Seth_Carlo_Chandler" title="Seth Carlo Chandler">Seth Carlo Chandler</a></li> <li>1897: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Barnard" title="Edward Barnard">Edward Barnard</a></li> <li>1898: <a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Denning" title="William Frederick Denning">William Frederick Denning</a></li> <li>1899: <a href="/wiki/Frank_McClean" title="Frank McClean">Frank McClean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Medalha de Prata</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1824: <a href="/wiki/Karl_R%C3%BCmker" title="Karl Rümker">Karl Rümker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Pons" title="Jean-Louis Pons">Jean-Louis Pons</a></li> <li>1827 <a href="/wiki/William_Samuel_Stratford" title="William Samuel Stratford">William Samuel Stratford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Beaufoy" title="Mark Beaufoy">Mark Beaufoy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Medalha de<br />Reconhecimento</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1848: <a href="/wiki/George_Biddell_Airy" title="George Biddell Airy">George Biddell Airy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Couch_Adams" title="John Couch Adams">John Couch Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_August_Argelander" title="Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander">Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bishop" title="George Bishop">George Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Everest" title="George Everest">George Everest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Herschel" title="John Herschel">John Herschel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Andreas_Hansen" title="Peter Andreas Hansen">Peter Andreas Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Ludwig_Hencke" title="Karl Ludwig Hencke">Karl Ludwig Hencke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Russell_Hind" title="John Russell Hind">John Russell Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbain_Le_Verrier" title="Urbain Le Verrier">Urbain Le Verrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_William_Lubbock" title="John William Lubbock">John William Lubbock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_von_Wei%C3%9Fe" title="Maximilian von Weiße">Maximilian von Weiße</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A medalha de ouro de Asaph Hall, 1879."><img alt="A medalha de ouro de Asaph Hall, 1879." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg/50px-Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg/75px-Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg/100px-Asaph_Hall_Gold_Medal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Século XX</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;font-size:95%;line-height:120%;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1900</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1900: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Henri Poincaré</a></li> <li>1901: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Charles_Pickering" title="Edward Charles Pickering">Edward Charles Pickering</a></li> <li>1902: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Kapteyn" title="Jacobus Kapteyn">Jacobus Kapteyn</a></li> <li>1903: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Struve" title="Hermann Struve">Hermann Struve</a></li> <li>1904: <a href="/wiki/George_Ellery_Hale" title="George Ellery Hale">George Ellery Hale</a></li> <li>1905: <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Boss" title="Lewis Boss">Lewis Boss</a></li> <li>1906: <a href="/wiki/William_Wallace_Campbell" title="William Wallace Campbell">William Wallace Campbell</a></li> <li>1907: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_William_Brown" title="Ernest William Brown">Ernest William Brown</a></li> <li>1908: <a href="/wiki/David_Gill" title="David Gill">David Gill</a></li> <li>1909: <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Backlund" title="Oskar Backlund">Oskar Backlund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1910</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1910: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_K%C3%BCstner" title="Karl Friedrich Küstner">Karl Friedrich Küstner</a></li> <li>1911: <a href="/wiki/Philip_Herbert_Cowell" title="Philip Herbert Cowell">Philip Herbert Cowell</a></li> <li>1912: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Robert_Hinks" title="Arthur Robert Hinks">Arthur Robert Hinks</a></li> <li>1913: <a href="/wiki/Henri-Alexandre_Deslandres" title="Henri-Alexandre Deslandres">Henri-Alexandre Deslandres</a></li> <li>1914: <a href="/wiki/Max_Wolf" title="Max Wolf">Max Wolf</a></li> <li>1915: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Fowler" title="Alfred Fowler">Alfred Fowler</a></li> <li>1916: <a href="/wiki/John_Dreyer" title="John Dreyer">John Dreyer</a></li> <li>1917: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Sydney_Adams" title="Walter Sydney Adams">Walter Sydney Adams</a></li> <li>1918: <a href="/wiki/John_Evershed" title="John Evershed">John Evershed</a></li> <li>1919: <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Bigourdan" title="Guillaume Bigourdan">Guillaume Bigourdan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1920</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1921: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell" title="Henry Norris Russell">Henry Norris Russell</a></li> <li>1922: <a href="/wiki/James_Jeans" title="James Jeans">James Jeans</a></li> <li>1923: <a href="/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson">Albert A. Michelson</a></li> <li>1924: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Eddington" title="Arthur Eddington">Arthur Eddington</a></li> <li>1925: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Watson_Dyson" title="Frank Watson Dyson">Frank Watson Dyson</a></li> <li>1926: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a></li> <li>1927: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Schlesinger" title="Frank Schlesinger">Frank Schlesinger</a></li> <li>1928: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Allen_Sampson" title="Ralph Allen Sampson">Ralph Allen Sampson</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Ejnar_Hertzsprung" title="Ejnar Hertzsprung">Ejnar Hertzsprung</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1930</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1930: <a href="/wiki/John_Stanley_Plaskett" title="John Stanley Plaskett">John Stanley Plaskett</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Sitter" title="Willem de Sitter">Willem de Sitter</a></li> <li>1932: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Grant_Aitken" title="Robert Grant Aitken">Robert Grant Aitken</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Vesto_M._Slipher" title="Vesto M. Slipher">Vesto M. Slipher</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Harlow_Shapley" title="Harlow Shapley">Harlow Shapley</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Arthur_Milne" title="Edward Arthur Milne">Edward Arthur Milne</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/wiki/Hisashi_Kimura" title="Hisashi Kimura">Hisashi Kimura</a></li> <li>1937: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Jeffreys" title="Harold Jeffreys">Harold Jeffreys</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/William_Hammond_Wright" title="William Hammond Wright">William Hammond Wright</a></li> <li>1939: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lyot" title="Bernard Lyot">Bernard Lyot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1940</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1940: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Powell_Hubble" title="Edwin Powell Hubble">Edwin Powell Hubble</a></li> <li>1943: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Spencer_Jones" title="Harold Spencer Jones">Harold Spencer Jones</a></li> <li>1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Struve" title="Otto Struve">Otto Struve</a></li> <li>1945: <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Edl%C3%A9n" title="Bengt Edlén">Bengt Edlén</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Jan_Oort" title="Jan Oort">Jan Oort</a></li> <li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Minnaert" title="Marcel Minnaert">Marcel Minnaert</a></li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Bertil_Lindblad" title="Bertil Lindblad">Bertil Lindblad</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Chapman" title="Sydney Chapman">Sydney Chapman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1950</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1950: <a href="/wiki/Joel_Stebbins" title="Joel Stebbins">Joel Stebbins</a></li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Anton_Pannekoek" title="Anton Pannekoek">Anton Pannekoek</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/John_Jackson" title="John Jackson">John Jackson</a></li> <li>1953: <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a></li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Baade" title="Walter Baade">Walter Baade</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Dirk_Brouwer" title="Dirk Brouwer">Dirk Brouwer</a></li> <li>1956: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_George_Cowling" title="Thomas George Cowling">Thomas George Cowling</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Albrecht_Uns%C3%B6ld" title="Albrecht Unsöld">Albrecht Unsöld</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Louis_Danjon" title="André-Louis Danjon">André-Louis Danjon</a></li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Lyttleton" title="Raymond Lyttleton">Raymond Lyttleton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1960</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Ambartsumian" title="Viktor Ambartsumian">Viktor Ambartsumian</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Herman_Zanstra" title="Herman Zanstra">Herman Zanstra</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Bengt_Str%C3%B6mgren" title="Bengt Strömgren">Bengt Strömgren</a></li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Hemley_Plaskett" title="Harry Hemley Plaskett">Harry Hemley Plaskett</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Martin Ryle</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Maurice_Ewing" title="William Maurice Ewing">William Maurice Ewing</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Bullard" title="Edward Bullard">Edward Bullard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Maurice_Clemence" title="Gerald Maurice Clemence">Gerald Maurice Clemence</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/Ira_Sprague_Bowen" title="Ira Sprague Bowen">Ira Sprague Bowen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Clayton_Urey" title="Harold Clayton Urey">Harold Clayton Urey</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Hannes Alfvén</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allan_Rex_Sandage" title="Allan Rex Sandage">Allan Rex Sandage</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hoyle" title="Fred Hoyle">Fred Hoyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Munk" title="Walter Munk">Walter Munk</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Thomas_Price" title="Albert Thomas Price">Albert Thomas Price</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Schwarzschild" title="Martin Schwarzschild">Martin Schwarzschild</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1970</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Horace_Welcome_Babcock" title="Horace Welcome Babcock">Horace Welcome Babcock</a></li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Press" title="Frank Press">Frank Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_van_der_Riet_Woolley" title="Richard van der Riet Woolley">Richard van der Riet Woolley</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/Hal_Thirlaway" title="Hal Thirlaway">Hal Thirlaway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Zwicky" title="Fritz Zwicky">Fritz Zwicky</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Francis_Birch" title="Francis Birch">Francis Birch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_E._Salpeter" title="Edwin E. Salpeter">Edwin E. Salpeter</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Biermann" title="Ludwig Biermann">Ludwig Biermann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keith_Edward_Bullen" title="Keith Edward Bullen">Keith Edward Bullen</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Leonard_Greenstein" title="Jesse Leonard Greenstein">Jesse Leonard Greenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_%C3%96pik" title="Ernst Öpik">Ernst Öpik</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/William_McCrea" title="William McCrea">William McCrea</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Ashworth_Ratcliffe" title="John Ashworth Ratcliffe">John Ashworth Ratcliffe</a></li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/David_Bates" title="David Bates">David Bates</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Gatenby_Bolton" title="John Gatenby Bolton">John Gatenby Bolton</a></li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Lyman_Spitzer" title="Lyman Spitzer">Lyman Spitzer</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Van_Allen" title="James Van Allen">James Van Allen</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Knopoff" title="Leon Knopoff">Leon Knopoff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Gorrie_Wynne" title="Charles Gorrie Wynne">Charles Gorrie Wynne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1980</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Leib_Pekeris" title="Chaim Leib Pekeris">Chaim Leib Pekeris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maarten_Schmidt" title="Maarten Schmidt">Maarten Schmidt</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/James_Freeman_Gilbert" title="James Freeman Gilbert">James Freeman Gilbert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lovell" title="Bernard Lovell">Bernard Lovell</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harrie_Massey" title="Harrie Massey">Harrie Massey</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Seaton" title="Michael Seaton">Michael Seaton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_L._Whipple" title="Fred L. Whipple">Fred L. Whipple</a></li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Keith_Runcorn" title="Keith Runcorn">Keith Runcorn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakov_Seldovich" title="Jakov Seldovich">Jakov Seldovich</a></li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gold" title="Thomas Gold">Thomas Gold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/George_Edward_Backus" title="George Edward Backus">George Edward Backus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dalgarno" title="Alexander Dalgarno">Alexander Dalgarno</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Takeshi_Nagata" title="Takeshi Nagata">Takeshi Nagata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees">Martin Rees</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Don_Lynn_Anderson" title="Don Lynn Anderson">Don Lynn Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_de_Jager" title="Cornelis de Jager">Cornelis de Jager</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Hide" title="Raymond Hide">Raymond Hide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ken_Pounds" title="Ken Pounds">Ken Pounds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 1990</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1990: <a href="/wiki/James_Dungey" title="James Dungey">James Dungey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Pagel" title="Bernard Pagel">Bernard Pagel</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg" title="Vitaly Ginzburg">Vitaly Ginzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Joseph_Wasserburg" title="Gerald Joseph Wasserburg">Gerald Joseph Wasserburg</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Peter_McKenzie" title="Dan Peter McKenzie">Dan Peter McKenzie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Parker" title="Eugene Parker">Eugene Parker</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Goldreich" title="Peter Goldreich">Peter Goldreich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Lynden-Bell" title="Donald Lynden-Bell">Donald Lynden-Bell</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/James_Gunn_(astr%C3%B4nomo)" title="James Gunn (astrônomo)">James Gunn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Reeve_Kaiser" title="Thomas Reeve Kaiser">Thomas Reeve Kaiser</a></li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/John_Houghton" title="John Houghton">John Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Sunyaev" title="Rashid Sunyaev">Rashid Sunyaev</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Creer" title="Kenneth Creer">Kenneth Creer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vera_Rubin" title="Vera Rubin">Vera Rubin</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Donald_Farley" title="Donald Farley">Donald Farley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Edward_Osterbrock" title="Donald Edward Osterbrock">Donald Edward Osterbrock</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Ladislav_Parker" title="Robert Ladislav Parker">Robert Ladislav Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Peebles" title="James Peebles">James Peebles</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Budden" title="Kenneth Budden">Kenneth Budden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Paczy%C5%84ski" title="Bohdan Paczyński">Bohdan Paczyński</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Século XXI</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;font-size:95%;line-height:120%;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Lucy" title="Leon Lucy">Leon Lucy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hutchison" title="Robert Hutchison">Robert Hutchison</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Bondi" title="Hermann Bondi">Hermann Bondi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Rishbeth" title="Henry Rishbeth">Henry Rishbeth</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Leon_Mestel" title="Leon Mestel">Leon Mestel</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Arthur_Jacobs" title="John Arthur Jacobs">John Arthur Jacobs</a></li> <li>2003: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Norris Bahcall</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Gubbins" title="David Gubbins">David Gubbins</a></li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Paul_Ostriker" title="Jeremiah Paul Ostriker">Jeremiah Paul Ostriker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grenville_Turner" title="Grenville Turner">Grenville Turner</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Burbidge" title="Margaret Burbidge">Margaret Burbidge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Burbidge" title="Geoffrey Burbidge">Geoffrey Burbidge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carole_Jordan" title="Carole Jordan">Carole Jordan</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/Simon_White" title="Simon White">Simon White</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_William_Herbert_Cowley" title="Stanley William Herbert Cowley">Stanley William Herbert Cowley</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Culhane" title="Leonard Culhane">Leonard Culhane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Weiss" title="Nigel Weiss">Nigel Weiss</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Silk" title="Joseph Silk">Joseph Silk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kennett" title="Brian Kennett">Brian Kennett</a></li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/David_Williams_(astr%C3%B4nomo)" title="David Williams (astrônomo)">David Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Priest" title="Eric Priest">Eric Priest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 2010</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#F7F7F7;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Gough" title="Douglas Gough">Douglas Gough</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Woodhouse" title="John Woodhouse">John Woodhouse</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Salisbury_Ellis" title="Richard Salisbury Ellis">Richard Salisbury Ellis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eberhard_Gr%C3%BCn" title="Eberhard Grün">Eberhard Grün</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fabian" title="Andrew Fabian">Andrew Fabian</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_Brown" title="John Campbell Brown">John Campbell Brown</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/Roger_Blandford" title="Roger Blandford">Roger Blandford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Chapman" title="Chris Chapman">Chris Chapman</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Frenk" title="Carlos Frenk">Carlos Frenk</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Zarnecki" title="John Zarnecki">John Zarnecki</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Michel Mayor</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/John_David_Barrow" title="John David Barrow">John David Barrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_England" title="Philip England">Philip England</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Kaiser" title="Nicholas Kaiser">Nicholas Kaiser</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michele_Dougherty" title="Michele Dougherty">Michele Dougherty</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/James_Hough" title="James Hough">James Hough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_White_(geof%C3%ADsico)" title="Robert White (geofísico)">Robert White</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Kennicutt" title="Robert Kennicutt">Robert Kennicutt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Kivelson" title="Margaret Kivelson">Margaret Kivelson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:95px;">Década de 2020</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;line-height:120%;;background:#FFFFFF;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Faber" title="Sandra Faber">Sandra Faber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yvonne_Elsworth" title="Yvonne Elsworth">Yvonne Elsworth</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Jocelyn_Bell_Burnell" title="Jocelyn Bell Burnell">Jocelyn Bell Burnell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thorne_Lay" title="Thorne Lay">Thorne Lay</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/George_Efstathiou" title="George Efstathiou">George Efstathiou</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_B._Horne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard B. Horne (página não existe)">Richard B. Horne</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/John_Andrew_Peacock" title="John Andrew Peacock">John Andrew Peacock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Palmer" title="Tim Palmer">Tim Palmer</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Chabrier" title="Gilles Chabrier">Gilles Chabrier</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John-Michael_Kendall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John-Michael Kendall (página não existe)">John-Michael Kendall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medalha_Benjamin_Franklin_(1998_—_2022)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Benjamin_Franklin" title="Predefinição:Medalha Benjamin Franklin"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Medalha_Benjamin_Franklin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Medalha Benjamin Franklin (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Medalha_Benjamin_Franklin&action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medalha_Benjamin_Franklin_(1998_—_2022)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medalha_Benjamin_Franklin" title="Medalha Benjamin Franklin">Medalha Benjamin Franklin (1998 — 2022)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Desurvire" title="Emmanuel Desurvire">Emmanuel Desurvire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Betts_Laughlin" title="Robert Betts Laughlin">Robert Betts Laughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Neil_Payne" title="David Neil Payne">David Neil Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Prusiner" title="Stanley Prusiner">Stanley Prusiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Horst Ludwig Störmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chee_Tsui" title="Daniel Chee Tsui">Daniel Chee Tsui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1999</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Engelbart" title="Douglas Engelbart">Douglas Engelbart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kaminsky" title="Walter Kaminsky">Walter Kaminsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Marshall" title="Barry Marshall">Barry Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mather" title="John Mather">John Mather</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_W._Shorthill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard W. Shorthill (página não existe)">Richard W. Shorthill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Tonomura" title="Akira Tonomura">Akira Tonomura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor_Vali&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor Vali (página não existe)">Victor Vali</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Cocke" title="John Cocke">John Cocke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Eric Allin Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Danby" title="Gordon Danby">Gordon Danby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eville_Gorham" title="Eville Gorham">Eville Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Grubbs" title="Robert Grubbs">Robert Grubbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Wolfgang Ketterle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_%C3%89mile_Henry_Labeyrie" title="Antoine Émile Henry Labeyrie">Antoine Émile Henry Labeyrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Powell" title="James R. Powell">James R. Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Carl Wieman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judah_Folkman" title="Judah Folkman">Judah Folkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Guth" title="Alan Guth">Alan Guth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Minsky" title="Marvin Minsky">Marvin Minsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Sharpless" title="Barry Sharpless">Barry Sharpless</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob_Van_der_Voo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rob Van der Voo (página não existe)">Rob Van der Voo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Widrow" title="Bernard Widrow">Bernard Widrow</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Allinger" title="Norman Allinger">Norman Allinger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary-Dell_Chilton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary-Dell Chilton (página não existe)">Mary-Dell Chilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumio_Iijima" title="Sumio Iijima">Sumio Iijima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Shuji Nakamura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandra_Navrotsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandra Navrotsky (página não existe)">Alexandra Navrotsky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucy_Suchman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucy Suchman (página não existe)">Lucy Suchman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bishnu_S._Atal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bishnu S. Atal (página não existe)">Bishnu S. Atal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Norris Bahcall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robin_M._Hochstrasser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robin M. Hochstrasser (página não existe)">Robin M. Hochstrasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Masatoshi Koshiba</a>*<a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy" title="John McCarthy">John McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_A._Phillips&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman A. Phillips (página não existe)">Norman A. Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Smagorinsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Smagorinsky (página não existe)">Joseph Smagorinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_H._Thornton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles H. Thornton (página não existe)">Charles H. Thornton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2004</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Bacon_(engenheiro)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Bacon (engenheiro) (página não existe)">Roger Bacon (engenheiro)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Barkus_Gray" title="Harry Barkus Gray">Harry Barkus Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Karp" title="Richard Karp">Richard Karp</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_B._Meyer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert B. Meyer (página não existe)">Robert B. Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_E._Newnham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert E. Newnham (página não existe)">Robert E. Newnham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackburn" title="Elizabeth Blackburn">Elizabeth Blackburn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aravind_Joshi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aravind Joshi (página não existe)">Aravind Joshi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C5%8Dichir%C5%8D_Nambu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yōichirō Nambu (página não existe)">Yōichirō Nambu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_R._Vail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter R. Vail (página não existe)">Peter R. Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_J._Viterbi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew J. Viterbi (página não existe)">Andrew J. Viterbi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2006</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Clough" title="Ray Clough">Ray Clough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Danishefsky" title="Samuel Danishefsky">Samuel Danishefsky</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_Bergere_Leopold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna Bergere Leopold (página não existe)">Luna Bergere Leopold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Norman" title="Donald Norman">Donald Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernando_Nottebohm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernando Nottebohm (página não existe)">Fernando Nottebohm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giacinto_Scoles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giacinto Scoles (página não existe)">Giacinto Scoles</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jan_Peter_Toennies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jan Peter Toennies (página não existe)">Jan Peter Toennies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._Gordon_Wolman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. Gordon Wolman (página não existe)">M. Gordon Wolman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klaus_Biemann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaus Biemann (página não existe)">Klaus Biemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Dennard" title="Robert H. Dennard">Robert H. Dennard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Merton_C._Flemings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merton C. Flemings (página não existe)">Merton C. Flemings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bruce_McDonald" title="Arthur Bruce McDonald">Arthur Bruce McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steve_Squyres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steve Squyres (página não existe)">Steve Squyres</a>*<a href="/w/index.php?title=Y%C5%8Dji_Totsuka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yōji Totsuka (página não existe)">Yōji Totsuka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_S._Wexler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nancy S. Wexler (página não existe)">Nancy S. Wexler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2008</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Ambros" title="Victor Ambros">Victor Ambros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Baulcombe" title="David Baulcombe">David Baulcombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_Smith_Broecker" title="Wallace Smith Broecker">Wallace S. Broecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Eschenmoser" title="Albert Eschenmoser">Albert Eschenmoser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Jin" title="Deborah Jin">Deborah Jin</a>*<a href="/wiki/Judea_Pearl" title="Judea Pearl">Judea Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arun_Phadke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arun Phadke (página não existe)">Arun Phadke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Ruvkun" title="Gary Ruvkun">Gary Ruvkun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Thorp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Thorp (página não existe)">James Thorp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruzena_Bajcsy" title="Ruzena Bajcsy">Ruzena Bajcsy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Benkovic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Benkovic (página não existe)">Stephen Benkovic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Grassle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick Grassle (página não existe)">Frederick Grassle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_J._Robbins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard J. Robbins (página não existe)">Richard J. Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Whitesides" title="George Whitesides">George Whitesides</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lotfi_Zadeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lotfi Zadeh (página não existe)">Lotfi Zadeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ignacio_Cirac_Sasturain" title="Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain">Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafrira_Goldwasser" title="Shafrira Goldwasser">Shafrira Goldwasser</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Nowell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Nowell (página não existe)">Peter Nowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Sessler" title="Gerhard Sessler">Gerhard Sessler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Spalding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Spalding (página não existe)">Brian Spalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JoAnne_Stubbe" title="JoAnne Stubbe">JoAnne Stubbe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_E._West&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James E. West (página não existe)">James E. West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wineland" title="David Wineland">David Wineland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Zoller" title="Peter Zoller">Peter Zoller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nicola_Cabibbo" title="Nicola Cabibbo">Nicola Cabibbo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_R._Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John R. Anderson (página não existe)">John R. Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jillian_F._Banfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jillian F. Banfield (página não existe)">Jillian F. Banfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Daubechies" title="Ingrid Daubechies">Ingrid Daubechies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Kamen" title="Dean Kamen">Dean Kamen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyriacos_Costa_Nicolaou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyriacos Costa Nicolaou (página não existe)">Kyriacos Costa Nicolaou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Vapnik" title="Vladimir Vapnik">Vladimir Vapnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonnie_Thompson" title="Lonnie Thompson">Lonnie Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ellen_Stone_Mosley-Thompson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ellen Stone Mosley-Thompson (página não existe)">Ellen Stone Mosley-Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Carroll" title="Sean Carroll">Sean Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Nelson_(astr%C3%B4nomo)" title="Jerry Nelson (astrônomo)">Jerry Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Sunyaev" title="Rashid Sunyaev">Rashid Sunyaev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvi_Hashin" title="Zvi Hashin">Zvi Hashin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerrold_Meinwald" title="Jerrold Meinwald">Jerrold Meinwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Labov" title="William Labov">William Labov</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Berner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert A. Berner (página não existe)">Robert A. Berner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Jaenisch" title="Rudolf Jaenisch">Rudolf Jaenisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subra_Suresh" title="Subra Suresh">Subra Suresh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Dalgarno" title="Alexander Dalgarno">Alexander Dalgarno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shunichi_Kawasaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shunichi Kawasaki (página não existe)">Shunichi Kawasaki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Thomas_Walsh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Thomas Walsh (página não existe)">Christopher Thomas Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kleppner" title="Daniel Kleppner">Daniel Kleppner</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Kryder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mark Kryder (página não existe)">Mark Kryder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lisa_Tauxe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lisa Tauxe (página não existe)">Lisa Tauxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hasan_Nayfeh" title="Ali Hasan Nayfeh">Ali Hasan Nayfeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Syukuro Manabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lippard" title="Stephen Lippard">Stephen Lippard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shoucheng_Zhang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shoucheng Zhang (página não existe)">Shoucheng Zhang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Harrington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Harrington (página não existe)">Roger Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_J._Mele&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugene J. Mele (página não existe)">Eugene J. Mele</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elissa_Newport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elissa Newport (página não existe)">Elissa Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelia_Bargmann" title="Cornelia Bargmann">Cornelia Bargmann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Lewis_Kane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Lewis Kane (página não existe)">Charles Lewis Kane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nadrian_Seeman" title="Nadrian Seeman">Nadrian Seeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_Patt" title="Yale Patt">Yale Patt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Atwater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Atwater (página não existe)">Brian Atwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Wolf_Golomb" title="Solomon Wolf Golomb">Solomon Wolf Golomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Langer" title="Robert Langer">Robert Langer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shu_Chien" title="Shu Chien">Shu Chien</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Matyjaszewski" title="Krzysztof Matyjaszewski">Krzysztof Matyjaszewski</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsuo_Sawamoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitsuo Sawamoto (página não existe)">Mitsuo Sawamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Posner" title="Michael Posner">Michael Posner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Holonyak" title="Nick Holonyak">Nick Holonyak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Cecil_Wallace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas Cecil Wallace (página não existe)">Douglas Cecil Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Dresselhaus" title="Mildred Dresselhaus">Mildred Dresselhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Cohen" title="Marvin Cohen">Marvin Cohen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Bannister_Goodenough" title="John Bannister Goodenough">John Bannister Goodenough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kahn" title="Robert Kahn">Robert Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_Trumbore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan Trumbore (página não existe)">Susan Trumbore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manijeh_Razeghi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manijeh Razeghi (página não existe)">Manijeh Razeghi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrian_Bejan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrian Bejan (página não existe)">Adrian Bejan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Quinn" title="Helen Quinn">Helen Quinn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Yablonovitch" title="Eli Yablonovitch">Eli Yablonovitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Likens" title="Gene Likens">Gene Likens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcia_Johnson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcia Johnson (página não existe)">Marcia Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Patrick_Allison" title="James Patrick Allison">James Patrick Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ashley_Rogers" 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