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p[data-v-4677c712]{margin-bottom:1.75rem}}.field__content h3[data-v-4677c712]{font-size:2.4rem;margin:1.75rem 0;font-family:'FSBarbo';font-weight:600}@media screen and (max-width: 30em){.field__content h3[data-v-4677c712]{font-size:2rem}}.field__text[data-v-4677c712]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;margin-bottom:1rem} .ofs[data-v-5d258d05]{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.1);padding:4rem 0}.inner[data-v-5d258d05]{max-width:117em;margin:0 auto;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0 2em}@media screen and (max-width: 34.375em){.inner[data-v-5d258d05]{padding:0 1.5em}}@media screen and (min-width: 34.4375em){.inner[data-v-5d258d05]{padding:0 2em}}.title[data-v-5d258d05]{font-family:'FSBrabo', serif;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;-webkit-font-smoothing:auto;-webkit-text-size-adjust:none}@media screen and (max-width: 34.375em){.title[data-v-5d258d05]{font-size:2.2rem;margin-bottom:2rem}}@media screen and (min-width: 34.4375em) and (max-width: 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1px}.calling .link[data-v-5d258d05]:before{content:"\E903";font-family:"intech";font-size:0.6em;position:absolute;right:-1.5em;top:50%;bottom:0;margin-top:-0.8rem}.calling .link[data-v-5d258d05]:hover{color:#870000}.calling .link[data-v-5d258d05]:hover:after{background-image:linear-gradient(to right, #ae0000 0%, #ae0000 100%)}.calling .cta[data-v-5d258d05]{width:100%;max-width:37rem}.books-list[data-v-5d258d05] .inner{padding:0}.books-list[data-v-5d258d05] .prev{left:-1.5em}.books-list[data-v-5d258d05] .next{right:-2em}@media screen and (max-width: 34.375em){.ofs[data-v-5d258d05]{padding:6rem 0 3rem}}@media screen and (min-width: 34.4375em) and (max-width: 62.5em){.ofs[data-v-5d258d05]{padding:6rem 0 3rem}}@media screen and (max-width: 62.5em){.calling[data-v-5d258d05]{text-align:center}.books[data-v-5d258d05]{text-align:center;margin-top:4rem}.title[data-v-5d258d05]{margin-bottom:3rem}}@media screen and (min-width: 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2.5rem}}.btn--large[data-v-4e735fe2]:hover,.btn--large[data-v-4e735fe2]:active{background:#BE0000}.btn--large[data-v-4e735fe2]:disabled{color:#FCE5E5;background:#FBB2BA;cursor:default !important}.btn--small[data-v-4e735fe2]{font-size:1.6rem;line-height:2.4rem;color:#fffdea;background:#e10000;width:12rem;padding:1.4rem 3.4rem}@media screen and (max-width: 62.5em){.btn--small[data-v-4e735fe2]{font-size:1.4rem;padding:1rem 2.5rem;width:9.6rem}}.btn--small[data-v-4e735fe2]:hover,.btn--small[data-v-4e735fe2]:active{background:#BE0000}.btn--small[data-v-4e735fe2]:disabled{color:#FCE5E5;background:#FBB2BA;cursor:default !important}.btn--outline[data-v-4e735fe2]{color:#e10000;background:#fffdea !important;border:1px solid #e10000}.btn--outline[data-v-4e735fe2]:hover,.btn--outline[data-v-4e735fe2]:active{color:#BE0000;border-color:#BE0000}.btn--outline[data-v-4e735fe2]:disabled{color:#F08080;background:#F08080;border-color:#F08080;cursor:default 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initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. As PhD students, we found it difficult to access the research we needed, so we decided to create a new Open Access publisher that levels the playing field for scientists across the world. How? By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers.</p></div> <div class="drop-box" data-v-56230ffb><a href="/authors-and-editors" class="drop-item" data-v-56230ffb>Our Authors and Editors</a> <p data-v-56230ffb>We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the world’s most-cited researchers. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too.</p></div> <div class="drop-box" data-v-56230ffb><a href="/page/content-alerts" class="drop-item" data-v-56230ffb>Content Alerts</a> <p data-v-56230ffb>Brief introduction to this section that descibes Open Access especially from an IntechOpen perspective</p> <a href="/how-open-access-publishing-with-intechopen-works" class="nav-item" data-v-56230ffb>How it Works</a> <a href="#" class="nav-item" data-v-56230ffb>Manage preferences</a></div> <div class="drop-box" data-v-56230ffb><a href="/page/contact-us" class="drop-item" data-v-56230ffb>Contact</a> <p data-v-56230ffb>Want to get in touch? Contact our London head office or <a href="#" data-v-56230ffb>media team here</a></p> <a href="/page/careers-at-intechopen" class="drop-item" data-v-56230ffb>Careers</a> <p data-v-56230ffb>Our team is growing all the time, so we’re always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing.</p></div></div></div></div></header> <div><div data-v-7659ad03><div class="text" data-v-7659ad03><div class="intro" data-v-7659ad03><h1 class="heading-1" data-v-7659ad03>Open Access Funding</h1> <p data-v-7659ad03> IntechOpen’s Academic Editors and Authors have received funding for their work through many well-known funders, including: the European Commission, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), CGIAR Consortium of International Agricultural Research Centers, National Science Foundation (NSF), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), German Research Foundation (DFG), Austrian Science Fund (FWF), Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Australian Research Council (ARC). </p> <p data-v-7659ad03> To check if your institution supports Open Access publications, <a href="#list-of-funders" data-v-7659ad03>click here</a>. </p></div> <p data-v-7659ad03> Open Access publication costs can often be designated directly in the grants or in specific budgets allocated for that purpose. Many of the most important funding organisations encourage, and even request, that the projects they fund are made available at no cost to the wider public. IntechOpen strives to maintain excellent relationships with these funders and ensures compliance with mandates. </p> <p data-v-7659ad03> In order to help Authors identify appropriate funding agencies and institutions, we have created a list, based on extensive research on various OA resources (including <a href="https://roarmap.eprints.org" data-v-7659ad03>ROARMAP</a> and <a href="http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/juliet/index.php?la=en&mode=simple&page=browse" data-v-7659ad03>SHERPA/JULIET</a>) of organizations that have funds available. Before consulting our list we encourage you to petition your own institution or organization for Open Access funds or check the specifications of your grant with your funder to ascertain if publication costs are included. Where you are in receipt of a grant you should clarify: </p> <ul data-v-7659ad03><li data-v-7659ad03> Does your institution already have a budget for covering Open Access publication costs? </li> <li data-v-7659ad03> Does your grant list Chapter Processing Charge as legitimate direct/indirect costs? </li></ul> <p data-v-7659ad03> If you are associated with any of the institutions in our list below, you can apply to receive OA publication funds by following the instructions provided in the links. Please consult the Open Access policies or grant Terms and Conditions of any institution with which you are linked to explore ways to cover your publication costs (also accessible by clicking on the link in their title). </p> <p data-v-7659ad03> Please note that this list is not a definitive one and is updated regularly. To suggest possible modifications or the inclusion of your institution/funder, please contact us at <a href="mailto:funders@intechopen.com" data-v-7659ad03>funders@intechopen.com</a></p> <p data-v-7659ad03> Please be aware that you must be a member, or grantee, of the institutions/funders listed in order to apply for their Open Access publication funds. </p></div></div> <div class="wrapper" data-v-41d6b8d5><h1 class="heading" data-v-41d6b8d5>Ongoing Institutional Agreements</h1> <div class="column" data-v-41d6b8d5><div class="items-flex" data-v-41d6b8d5><div class="item" data-v-41d6b8d5><div class="image-box" data-v-41d6b8d5><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/45.123/universities/LogoCSIC.png" class="csic-logo" data-v-41d6b8d5></div> <div class="item-content" data-v-41d6b8d5><p class="item-text" data-v-41d6b8d5>CSIC-affiliated authors can benefit from a special joint agreement between IntechOpen and CSIC, offering heavily discounted publication fees. </p></div></div> <div class="item" data-v-41d6b8d5><div class="iowa-box" data-v-41d6b8d5><a href="https://www.lib.iastate.edu/research-and-teach/publish-and-share/publish-open-access" target="_blank" data-v-41d6b8d5><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/45.123/institutions_new/iowa-state-university.svg" class="iowa-logo" data-v-41d6b8d5></a></div> <div class="item-content" data-v-41d6b8d5><p class="item-text" data-v-41d6b8d5>IntechOpen has signed an Institutional Agreement with Iowa State University, enabling authors affiliated with ISU to receive a discount on open access publishing fees for book chapters, journal articles, and short-form monographs.</p></div></div></div> <div class="row" data-v-41d6b8d5><div class="row-item" data-v-41d6b8d5><div class="row-item__images" data-v-41d6b8d5><img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/45.123/universities/alcala.png" data-v-41d6b8d5> <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/45.123/universities/UniversitatdeBarcelona.png" data-v-41d6b8d5> <img src="//cdnintech.com/web/frontend/www/assets/45.123/universities/logo_urjc.png" data-v-41d6b8d5></div> <div class="row-item__content" data-v-41d6b8d5><p class="item-text" data-v-41d6b8d5> IntechOpen has established valuable cooperation with Universidad de Alcala, Universidad de Barcelona and Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid, offering heavily discounted publication fees to all of its affiliated researchers. </p></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="list-of-funders" class="wrapper" data-v-6e4da40d><h2 class="heading" data-v-6e4da40d>List of funders and institutions</h2> <div class="content" data-v-6e4da40d><div class="content__list" data-v-6e4da40d><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> International </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Africa </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Australia </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Austria </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Azerbaijan </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Belgium </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Brazil </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Canada </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> China, People's Republic of </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Cyprus </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Czech Republic </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Denmark </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Europe </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Finland </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Germany </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Hungary </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Iceland </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> India </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Ireland </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Italy </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Israel </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Japan </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div></div> <div class="content__list" data-v-6e4da40d><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Kenya </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Lebanon </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Lithuania </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Luxembourg </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Netherlands </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Norway </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> New Zealand </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Poland </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Portugal </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Slovenia </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Serbia </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Singapore </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> South Africa </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> South America </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Spain </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Sweden </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Switzerland </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Qatar </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> Turkey </h3>  <hr class="hr" data-v-4677c712></div></div><div data-v-6e4da40d><div class="list-item" data-v-4677c712 data-v-6e4da40d><h3 class="list-title" data-v-4677c712><i class="arrow right" data-v-4677c712></i> United Kingdom </h3>  <hr class="hr" 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Exhibitors and workshops spanned topics from wearables, vision, autonomy, intelligence and healthcare.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\\n\\n\u003Cp\u003EThe IntechOpen stand was busy. The Journals team, led by \u003Cstrong\u003ENatalia Reinic Babic\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, Head of Journal Publishing and Open Science, met with many members of the robotics community face-to-face, connecting with researchers who were new to IntechOpen and looking to share their research, as well as with established members of the IntechOpen network. These included a meeting with \u003Cstrong\u003EMiguel A. Olivares-Mendez\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, Head of the Space Robotics Research Group (SpaceR), where the team learned about his group's work in orbital and planetary robotics, and the opportunity to catch up with robotics expert and long-term friend of IntechOpen, \u003Ca href=\\\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.geminoid.jp\u002Fen\u002Findex.html\\\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHiroshi Ishiguro\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E as well as his Geminoid.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\\n\\n\u003Cp\u003EUniversity of the Arts London's Hooman Samani,  Editorial Board member for the ACRT journal, stopped by to discuss plans for a special project on Creative Robotics he’d like to start in the fall. \u003Cstrong\u003EGabriele Ferri\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, who recently published an IntechOpen book chapter, looked forward to collaborating with the Journals team on a positioning paper and sharing datasets from the METRICS project. The team welcomed \u003Cstrong\u003EAniket Bera \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eof Purdue University as a new Editorial Board member for the \u003Ca href=\\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.intechopen.com\u002Fjournals\u002F1\\\"\u003EACRT journal.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\\n\\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHighlights of the conference\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\\n\\n\u003Cp\u003EIntechOpen’s journal portfolio proved an excellent fit for ICRA attendees.  The focus on research that impacts the advancement of humankind is core to our journal, AI, Computing and Robotics Technology (ACRT ) and strongly present across the ICRA sessions (for example, \u003Cstrong\u003EDavid Hanson\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E on Humanistic AI and Robotics and \u003Cstrong\u003EWill Jackson\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E or Engineered Arts Ltd on Realworld applications for humanoid robots). This fit extended across the portfolio, with exhibits and talks closely aligned to Digital Medicine and Health Care Technology and Green Energy and Environmental Technology.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\\n\\n\u003Cp\u003EThe event demonstrated how rapidly technology is advancing, from \u003Cstrong\u003EStelarc’s\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E performance art, focussed on extending the capabilities of the human body, to the multiple robots on display, drawing and dancing, or operated by AI.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\\n\\n\u003Cp\u003EThere is potential for these developments to transform multiple areas of medicine and healthcare in highly sophisticated ways. \u003Cstrong\u003EHugh Herr\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, (MIT) gave a plenary talk, The Design of Bionic Limbs: The Science of Tissue-Synthetic Interfaces, presenting a digital nervous system designed to artificially control paralysed musculature for the restoration of motor function for persons with limb pathology. \u003Cstrong\u003ESimone Crea \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E(The Biorobotics Institute) revealed the pre-habilitative and rehabilitative potentials of lower-limb exoskeletons for sustainable ageing. As well as new technologies, new approaches are being adopted. \u003Cstrong\u003EHeike Vallery\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, (TU Delft), is using subtractive design to explore the use of robotics to empower individuals with motor impairments and \u003Cstrong\u003EJessica Burgner-Kahrs\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, (University of Toronto Mississauga) argued for the use of open approaches. Through rapid prototyping and iterative design The Open Continuum Robotics Project is accelerating the development of new technologies and treatments in medical robotics.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\\n\\n\u003Cp\u003EThe sustainability theme was put forward strongly by\u003Cstrong\u003E Josie Hughes\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, EPFL  (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), in her session on Deploying Robots in Agri-food from Farm-to-Fork, \u003Cstrong\u003ETim Brackbill,\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E Tortuga AgTech, who spoke on Essential Robotics: Designing for Application and by \u003Cstrong\u003EYaro Tenzer\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, RightHand Robotics in his Agrifood Robots keynote, From Research to Revenue: My Personal Journey Navigating the Commercialization Path.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\\n\\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPromoting Open Science at ICRA\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\\n\\n\u003Cp\u003EICRA marked the \u003Ca href=\\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.intechopen.com\u002Fnews\u002Fintechopen-journals-announce-partnership-with-figshare-to-promote-open-data-20230531\\\"\u003Eannouncement\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of IntechOpen’s implementation of the \u003Cstrong\u003EFigshare platform\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, giving authors a streamlined way to share their open data and make it findable, citable and accessible. The\u003Cstrong\u003E IntechOpen\u003Cem\u003E Journals\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E \u003C\u002Fem\u003Eare committed to Open Science, and ICRA provided a platform to promote the benefits to an engaged audience. An innovative on-stand tool allowed attendees to assess their knowledge and access recommended information to support them on their journey.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\\n\\n\u003Cp\u003EFollowing the announcement, \u003Cstrong\u003EMark Hahnel, \u003Cem\u003EFigshare founder and CEO\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, joined Natalia and \u003Cstrong\u003EKaveh Bazargan\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E of \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ERiver Valley Technologies \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eat the IntechOpen -  \u003Cstrong\u003EOpen Science Caffe Networking Event \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Efor a panel discussion on open data. It is a trending topic, particularly in the robotics research community, where researchers commonly leverage technologies and practices that support this approach, using GitHub and preprint servers, for example. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\\n\\n\u003Cp\u003EMark touched upon the specific benefits of open science in robotics as well as future trends widely commenting:   \u003Cem\u003E"I think the next step is making the data that we have well described, better metadata, so we can feed it to the machines and they can do a lot of the heavy lifting for us. You know it’s like chess - humans and machines together will beat the machine and will beat humans. So we need to apply that to the academic research, and a way to do that is get Open Access content into the machines, Open Data into the machines, in a way that they can understand: “Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable” and then have that used as the baseline for the paradigm shifts in research. So that’s what I am excited about."\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\\n\\n\u003Cp\u003EKaveh pointed to the specific challenges of future-proofing and ensuring ongoing access:\u003Cem\u003E "Make your data Open but ensure that it is in an Open standard. If you have a proprietary spreadsheet for example, and the software that reads it is not there in fifteen years' time, you can’t read that data. We need to get rid of dependency on any non-open or proprietary software in order to read and to build on that data."\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\\n\\n\u003Cp\u003EBoth experts highlighted the importance of ongoing education to make things as easy as possible for busy researchers, which is the goal of our ongoing series of \u003Ca href=\\\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.intechopen.com\u002Fjournals\u002Fopen-science\u002Fwebinars-2023\\\"\u003EOpen Data Webinars\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\\n\\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EStay in touch\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\\n\\n\u003Cp\u003EIf you weren’t able to join us at ICRA 2023 you can find out more and explore valuable content on open data and the IntechOpen Journals at  \u003Ca href=\\\"http:\u002F\u002Ficra2023.intechopen.com\\\"\u003Eicra2023.intechopen.com\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\\n\\n\u003Cp\u003EIf you have any questions about IntechOpen Journals or would like to get involved with Open Science by publishing with us, we’d love to hear from you. \u003Ca href=\\\"https:\u002F\u002Ficra2023.intechopen.com\u002Fget-in-touch\u002F\\\"\u003EGet in touch.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\\n\\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\\n\"}]","published":true,"mainMedia":{"caption":"","originalUrl":"\u002Fmedia\u002Foriginal\u002F386"}},"components":[{"type":"htmlEditorComponent","content":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.intechopen.com\u002Fjournals\"\u003EIntechOpen \u003Cem\u003EJournals\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eteam joined more than 6000 attendees at the International Conference on Robotics and Automation 2023 (\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.icra2023.org\u002F\"\u003EICRA\u003C\u002Fa\u003E).  The largest scientific conference and exhibition in the field, this year’s theme was: “Embracing the Future: Making Robots for Humans”. Exhibitors and workshops spanned topics from wearables, vision, autonomy, intelligence and healthcare.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe IntechOpen stand was busy. The Journals team, led by \u003Cstrong\u003ENatalia Reinic Babic\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, Head of Journal Publishing and Open Science, met with many members of the robotics community face-to-face, connecting with researchers who were new to IntechOpen and looking to share their research, as well as with established members of the IntechOpen network. These included a meeting with \u003Cstrong\u003EMiguel A. Olivares-Mendez\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, Head of the Space Robotics Research Group (SpaceR), where the team learned about his group's work in orbital and planetary robotics, and the opportunity to catch up with robotics expert and long-term friend of IntechOpen, \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.geminoid.jp\u002Fen\u002Findex.html\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHiroshi Ishiguro\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E as well as his Geminoid.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EUniversity of the Arts London's Hooman Samani,  Editorial Board member for the ACRT journal, stopped by to discuss plans for a special project on Creative Robotics he’d like to start in the fall. \u003Cstrong\u003EGabriele Ferri\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, who recently published an IntechOpen book chapter, looked forward to collaborating with the Journals team on a positioning paper and sharing datasets from the METRICS project. The team welcomed \u003Cstrong\u003EAniket Bera \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eof Purdue University as a new Editorial Board member for the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.intechopen.com\u002Fjournals\u002F1\"\u003EACRT journal.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHighlights of the conference\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EIntechOpen’s journal portfolio proved an excellent fit for ICRA attendees.  The focus on research that impacts the advancement of humankind is core to our journal, AI, Computing and Robotics Technology (ACRT ) and strongly present across the ICRA sessions (for example, \u003Cstrong\u003EDavid Hanson\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E on Humanistic AI and Robotics and \u003Cstrong\u003EWill Jackson\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E or Engineered Arts Ltd on Realworld applications for humanoid robots). This fit extended across the portfolio, with exhibits and talks closely aligned to Digital Medicine and Health Care Technology and Green Energy and Environmental Technology.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe event demonstrated how rapidly technology is advancing, from \u003Cstrong\u003EStelarc’s\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E performance art, focussed on extending the capabilities of the human body, to the multiple robots on display, drawing and dancing, or operated by AI.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThere is potential for these developments to transform multiple areas of medicine and healthcare in highly sophisticated ways. \u003Cstrong\u003EHugh Herr\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, (MIT) gave a plenary talk, The Design of Bionic Limbs: The Science of Tissue-Synthetic Interfaces, presenting a digital nervous system designed to artificially control paralysed musculature for the restoration of motor function for persons with limb pathology. \u003Cstrong\u003ESimone Crea \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E(The Biorobotics Institute) revealed the pre-habilitative and rehabilitative potentials of lower-limb exoskeletons for sustainable ageing. As well as new technologies, new approaches are being adopted. \u003Cstrong\u003EHeike Vallery\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, (TU Delft), is using subtractive design to explore the use of robotics to empower individuals with motor impairments and \u003Cstrong\u003EJessica Burgner-Kahrs\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, (University of Toronto Mississauga) argued for the use of open approaches. Through rapid prototyping and iterative design The Open Continuum Robotics Project is accelerating the development of new technologies and treatments in medical robotics.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe sustainability theme was put forward strongly by\u003Cstrong\u003E Josie Hughes\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, EPFL  (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), in her session on Deploying Robots in Agri-food from Farm-to-Fork, \u003Cstrong\u003ETim Brackbill,\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E Tortuga AgTech, who spoke on Essential Robotics: Designing for Application and by \u003Cstrong\u003EYaro Tenzer\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, RightHand Robotics in his Agrifood Robots keynote, From Research to Revenue: My Personal Journey Navigating the Commercialization Path.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPromoting Open Science at ICRA\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EICRA marked the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.intechopen.com\u002Fnews\u002Fintechopen-journals-announce-partnership-with-figshare-to-promote-open-data-20230531\"\u003Eannouncement\u003C\u002Fa\u003E of IntechOpen’s implementation of the \u003Cstrong\u003EFigshare platform\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, giving authors a streamlined way to share their open data and make it findable, citable and accessible. The\u003Cstrong\u003E IntechOpen\u003Cem\u003E Journals\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003E \u003C\u002Fem\u003Eare committed to Open Science, and ICRA provided a platform to promote the benefits to an engaged audience. An innovative on-stand tool allowed attendees to assess their knowledge and access recommended information to support them on their journey.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EFollowing the announcement, \u003Cstrong\u003EMark Hahnel, \u003Cem\u003EFigshare founder and CEO\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E, joined Natalia and \u003Cstrong\u003EKaveh Bazargan\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E of \u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003ERiver Valley Technologies \u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Eat the IntechOpen -  \u003Cstrong\u003EOpen Science Caffe Networking Event \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Efor a panel discussion on open data. It is a trending topic, particularly in the robotics research community, where researchers commonly leverage technologies and practices that support this approach, using GitHub and preprint servers, for example. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EMark touched upon the specific benefits of open science in robotics as well as future trends widely commenting:   \u003Cem\u003E"I think the next step is making the data that we have well described, better metadata, so we can feed it to the machines and they can do a lot of the heavy lifting for us. You know it’s like chess - humans and machines together will beat the machine and will beat humans. So we need to apply that to the academic research, and a way to do that is get Open Access content into the machines, Open Data into the machines, in a way that they can understand: “Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable” and then have that used as the baseline for the paradigm shifts in research. So that’s what I am excited about."\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EKaveh pointed to the specific challenges of future-proofing and ensuring ongoing access:\u003Cem\u003E "Make your data Open but ensure that it is in an Open standard. If you have a proprietary spreadsheet for example, and the software that reads it is not there in fifteen years' time, you can’t read that data. We need to get rid of dependency on any non-open or proprietary software in order to read and to build on that data."\u003C\u002Fem\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EBoth experts highlighted the importance of ongoing education to make things as easy as possible for busy researchers, which is the goal of our ongoing series of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.intechopen.com\u002Fjournals\u002Fopen-science\u002Fwebinars-2023\"\u003EOpen Data Webinars\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EStay in touch\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EIf you weren’t able to join us at ICRA 2023 you can find out more and explore valuable content on open data and the IntechOpen Journals at  \u003Ca href=\"http:\u002F\u002Ficra2023.intechopen.com\"\u003Eicra2023.intechopen.com\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EIf you have any questions about IntechOpen Journals or would like to get involved with Open Science by publishing with us, we’d love to hear from you. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ficra2023.intechopen.com\u002Fget-in-touch\u002F\"\u003EGet in touch.\u003C\u002Fa\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n"}],"latestNews":[{"slug":"green-energy-and-environmental-technology-journal-supporting-the-un-sustainable-development-goals-20241105","title":"Green Energy and Environmental Technology Journal: Supporting the UN Sustainable Development Goals"},{"slug":"intechopen-signs-research4life-publishers-recommitment-20241029","title":"IntechOpen Signs Research4Life Publishers Recommitment"},{"slug":"intechopen-launches-open-science-hub-20241028","title":"IntechOpen Launches Open Science Hub"},{"slug":"2024-best-paper-award-from-the-ai-computer-science-and-robotics-technology-journal-20241004","title":"2024 Best Paper Award From the AI, Computer Science, and Robotics Technology Journal"},{"slug":"peer-review-week-2024-spotlight-an-interview-with-global-campus-co-founder-paul-tuinenburg-20240927","title":"Peer Review Week Spotlight: An Interview with Global Campus Co-Founder Paul Tuinenburg"},{"slug":"new-open-access-books-from-the-knowledge-unlatched-select-programme-2024-20240819","title":"New Open Access Books from the Knowledge Unlatched Select Programme 2024"},{"slug":"intechopen-presents-interviews-for-young-scientists-with-science-s-leading-minds-20240708","title":"IntechOpen Presents Interviews for Young Scientists with Science's Leading Minds"},{"slug":"recent-intechopen-book-series-launches-20240705","title":"Recent IntechOpen Book Series Launches"}]},"book":{"item":{"type":"book","id":"9706","leadTitle":null,"fullTitle":"Goat Science - Environment, Health and Economy","title":"Goat Science","subtitle":"Environment, Health and Economy","reviewType":"peer-reviewed","abstract":"This volume provides a comprehensive overview of goat keeping and farming. It includes twenty-two chapters that address such topics as breeding and selection, goat reproduction, production systems, the effects of goat farming on the environment, the use of goat byproducts, the economics of goat farming, and much more.","isbn":"978-1-78984-709-3","printIsbn":"978-1-78984-708-6","pdfIsbn":"978-1-78985-193-9","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.87510","price":139,"priceEur":155,"priceUsd":155,"priceCbs":null,"slug":"goat-science-environment-health-and-economy","numberOfPages":446,"isOpenForSubmission":false,"isInWos":null,"isInBkci":false,"hash":"7e5d45badb49806d949ad1475e3a0ef0","bookSignature":"Sándor Kukovics","publishedDate":"January 18th 2023","coverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.intechopen.com\u002Fbooks\u002Fimages_new\u002F9706.jpg","cdnWebCoverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fbooks\u002F9706\u002F1718279243-815315134\u002Fweb-cover.jpg","cdnWebCoverURL300":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fbooks\u002F9706\u002F1718279243-815315134\u002Fweb-cover-300.jpg","numberOfDownloads":16825,"numberOfViews":null,"numberOfWosCitations":0,"numberOfCrossrefCitations":25,"numberOfCrossrefCitationsByBook":1,"numberOfDimensionsCitations":58,"numberOfDimensionsCitationsByBook":1,"hasAltmetrics":1,"totalAltmetricsMentions":17,"numberOfTotalCitations":83,"isAvailableForWebshopOrdering":true,"dateEndFirstStepPublish":"November 12th 2020","dateEndSecondStepPublish":"December 3rd 2020","dateEndThirdStepPublish":"February 1st 2021","dateEndFourthStepPublish":"April 22nd 2021","dateEndFifthStepPublish":"June 21st 2021","currentStepOfPublishingProcess":5,"indexedIn":"1,2,3,4,5,6","editedByType":"Edited by","kuFlag":false,"sdgRelated":false,"featuredMarkup":null,"isPublished":true,"isPublisherCbs":false,"noAds":0,"editors":[{"id":"25894","title":"Dr.","name":"Sándor","middleName":null,"surname":"Kukovics","slug":"sandor-kukovics","fullName":"Sándor Kukovics","cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F25894\u002F1726041471\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Prof. Dr. Sándor Kukovics spent 40 years at the Research Institute for Animal Breeding and Nutrition (Herceghalom, Hungary), being responsible for the small ruminants sector; he has edited 40 books, published more than 1,150 articles, and has licences for four products. Beside research work, he has been taking part in further education at various universities in Hungary. Since 1996, he has been working as president of the Hungarian Sheep and Goat Dairying Public Utility Association, and he has served as the executive manager of Sheep and Goat Products Board (Hungary) since 2010. \nBetween 2015 and 2019, he served as vice president of EU COPA-COGECA Working Party on Sheep and Goats, and he has been acting as a member of the board of directors within the International Goat Association since 2016.","institutionString":"Hungarian Sheep and Goat Dairying Public Utility Association","position":null,"outsideEditionCount":0,"totalCites":0,"totalAuthoredChapters":"1","totalChapterViews":"0","totalEditedBooks":"6","institution":null,"countryString":"Hungary"}],"equalEditorOne":null,"equalEditorTwo":null,"equalEditorThree":null,"coeditorOne":null,"coeditorTwo":null,"coeditorThree":null,"coeditorFour":null,"coeditorFive":null,"topics":[{"id":"297","title":"Animal Science","slug":"animal-science"}],"productType":{"id":"1","title":"Edited Volume","chapterContentType":"chapter","authoredCaption":"Edited by"},"subseries":null,"tags":null,"_preview":0,"chapters":[{"id":"77637","title":"Future Prospects on the Goat Activities for the Coming Decades in the Context of a World in Transition","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.98651","slug":"future-prospects-on-the-goat-activities-for-the-coming-decades-in-the-context-of-a-world-in-transiti","totalDownloads":498,"totalCrossrefCites":2,"totalDimensionsCites":3,"hasAltmetrics":0,"orderNumber":1,"abstract":"This article explores the evolution of the goat sector in the world between 2000 and 2020 and its prospects. We base it mainly on the statistics available as well as on the author’s observations and his involvement in various projects. It also updates a study carried out on the same subject on the last decades of the 20th century. We observed a constant development and growth of the goat sector during this period. The trend has been the same between 2000 and 2020 but less strong and more localized in Asia and Africa. Several scenarios on our global future lead to consider the absolute need to preserve environment and biodiversity but above all to reduce the emission of GHGs for all productive sectors on the planet. In this case, we will face a dramatic progress and adevelopment paradigm shift. Although goat systems emit less GHGs than other ruminants, we can also observe an overall increase in net emissions by the goat sector between 2000 and 2020. So, they contribute significantly and their net emission has to be reduced, which will disadvantage the most intensive systems. However, while animal production and the consumption of its products are increasingly ostracized, goat farming (as pastoral farming in general) could have a bright future in this context. Goats, particularly those of local populations and breeds, have more than any other ruminant significant capacities to valorize spontaneous absorbing GHGs forage resources (grass, shrubs, crop or feed residues) and without other uses. In addition, goats are easy to integrate in small farms and strengthen the complementarity between agriculture and animal production, largely abandoned in favor of specialization. The strengthening of localized and interdisciplinary scientific research will also be necessary to strengthen the role of goat farming and innovation and the author proposes the establishment of “living labs” associating all the actors involved for this purpose.","signatures":"Jean-Paul Dubeuf","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F77637","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F77637","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"342230","title":"Dr.Ing.","name":"Jean-Paul","surname":"Dubeuf","slug":"jean-paul-dubeuf","fullName":"Jean-Paul Dubeuf"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"78323","title":"Goat Type Selection and Molecular Markers; a Solution for Milk Production in Recently Desertified Zones","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.99346","slug":"goat-type-selection-and-molecular-markers-a-solution-for-milk-production-in-recently-desertified-zon","totalDownloads":1017,"totalCrossrefCites":0,"totalDimensionsCites":0,"hasAltmetrics":1,"orderNumber":2,"abstract":"Goat farming has been severely affected by Desertification, limiting their water and food resources and inducing physiological heat stress that reduces the doe milk yield. Does well adapted to heat stress would be a possible solution, but creole or indigenous goats from desert or arid areas produce between 0.5 to 1.5 L of milk per day, which is lower than the 3 L of milk per day produced by dairy goats like the Saanen breed. Nevertheless, in this chapter, we will discuss the disadvantages of introducing common dairy goats in dry places. Instead, we propose the introduction of desert goats from the Middle East or India, because they produce high-quality milk with low feed intake, making a profitable goat farming activity, and an opportunity to include crossbreeding strategies to improve the herd milk yield. Creole goats, on other hand, has been an underestimated livestock animal with a rich and unveil genetic patrimony that migth improve the herd milk yield. The effect of improved diets and extensive husbandry conditions remains unexplored in desert creole goats, and the use of advanced knowledge in goat genomics, genetic expression, and a wide variety of molecular markers can improve the studies on creole goats for crossbreeding strategies identifying the best traits involved in high-quality milk production and adaptation to dry environments. In this way, the synergy between goat type selection and molecular markers should boost goat farming in recently new desert or arid zones, counteracting the detrimental effects produced by the desertification.","signatures":"Erwin Strahsburger and Juan Scopinich-Cisternas","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F78323","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F78323","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"341789","title":"Dr.","name":"Erwin","surname":"Strahsburger","slug":"erwin-strahsburger","fullName":"Erwin Strahsburger"},{"id":"346750","title":"Mr.","name":"Juan","surname":"Scopinich-Cisternas","slug":"juan-scopinich-cisternas","fullName":"Juan Scopinich-Cisternas"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"78021","title":"Goat Breeding in the Katanga Copper Belt (KCB): Constraints, Opportunities and Prospects","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.98941","slug":"goat-breeding-in-the-katanga-copper-belt-kcb-constraints-opportunities-and-prospects","totalDownloads":463,"totalCrossrefCites":0,"totalDimensionsCites":0,"hasAltmetrics":0,"orderNumber":3,"abstract":"DR Congo’s copper belt is south of the dismembered former province of Katanga. The population has grown over the past twenty years due to the resumption of industrial and artisanal mining. This situation has led to an increase in demand for agricultural products including meat. The majority of these products are imported due to insufficient local production. Goat meat is the most consumed of the ruminants and most of these animals are imported from Zambia. Thousands of the goats are slaughtered daily and its meat sold in all markets and especially next to thousands of drinking establishments as appetizers. Unfortunately, this opportunity does not benefit local breeders because of several factors including the low productivity of the local goat, a stray breeding system, insufficiency and lack of space for breeding, contamination of pastures by heavy metals, insecurity, supremacy of the mining code over agricultural law, the dispossession of agricultural land belonging to peasants for the benefit of private farmers ... In perspective, the establishment of a collaborative structure between breeders, development agents and technicians, researchers and policy makers in sectors related to goat farming and its environment will provide access to information and improve goat production.","signatures":"Innocent M. Tshibangu","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F78021","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F78021","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"339450","title":"Prof.","name":"Innocent","surname":"M. Tshibangu","slug":"innocent-m.-tshibangu","fullName":"Innocent M. Tshibangu"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"77822","title":"Characterisation of Semen and Phenotypic Parameters in Relation to Male Goat Fertility","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.99213","slug":"characterisation-of-semen-and-phenotypic-parameters-in-relation-to-male-goat-fertility","totalDownloads":501,"totalCrossrefCites":0,"totalDimensionsCites":0,"hasAltmetrics":0,"orderNumber":4,"abstract":"The following are aspects were discussed in this chapter: Domestication of goats – checking on when the goats were first domesticated and for what purposes; Current goat industry - looking on the contribution of goats economically; Conservation of domestic animal diversity - looking on the importance of conserving indigenous animals since some of them are under threat of extinction; Male goat fertility – discussing male fertility indicators; Characterisation approaches - different approaches to be followed when characterising indigenous species; and Phenotypic and genetic characterisation of indigenous goats.","signatures":"Fhulufhelo Vincent Ramukhithi, Tlou Caswell Chokoe, Thomas Ronald and Khoboso Christina Lehloenya","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F77822","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F77822","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"340326","title":"Dr.","name":"Thomas","surname":"Ronald","slug":"thomas-ronald","fullName":"Thomas Ronald"},{"id":"340360","title":"Dr.","name":"Fhulufhelo","surname":"Ramukhithi","slug":"fhulufhelo-ramukhithi","fullName":"Fhulufhelo Ramukhithi"},{"id":"340363","title":"Prof.","name":"Khoboso","surname":"Christina Lehloenya","slug":"khoboso-christina-lehloenya","fullName":"Khoboso Christina Lehloenya"},{"id":"340365","title":"Mr.","name":"Tlou","surname":"Caswell Chokoe","slug":"tlou-caswell-chokoe","fullName":"Tlou Caswell Chokoe"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"77593","title":"Recent Advancement in Goat Nutrition","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.99025","slug":"recent-advancement-in-goat-nutrition","totalDownloads":1002,"totalCrossrefCites":3,"totalDimensionsCites":4,"hasAltmetrics":1,"orderNumber":5,"abstract":"Nutrition or feeding is one of the most important components in livestock production and it’s associated with high costs. In goat production, it can typically account for 60% or more of total production costs. As a result, there is much new research being conducted on goat feeding and nutrition in a variety of areas regarding production costs, sustainability, and quality of the product produced. Areas of research that are currently receiving much attention include feed additives such as prebiotics, probiotics, enzymes, antioxidants, plant secondary metabolites, etc. Their use in animal feed is expected to increase due to the abolition of synthetic antimicrobials in feed, although there is still limited information on their use and is accompanied by contradictory research reports. This study aims to highlight some of the recent and emerging studies on the different feed resources, feed additives and dietary feed composition for goats.","signatures":"Jacob Matovu and Ahmet Alçiçek","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F77593","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F77593","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"342816","title":"M.Sc.","name":"Jacob","surname":"Matovu","slug":"jacob-matovu","fullName":"Jacob Matovu"},{"id":"342876","title":"Prof.","name":"Ahmet","surname":"Alçiçek","slug":"ahmet-alcicek","fullName":"Ahmet Alçiçek"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"79535","title":"Strategies for Goat Feeding and Management during Drought","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.101161","slug":"strategies-for-goat-feeding-and-management-during-drought","totalDownloads":646,"totalCrossrefCites":1,"totalDimensionsCites":1,"hasAltmetrics":0,"orderNumber":6,"abstract":"Nowadays, climate change is becoming a serious problem threatening livestock production by affecting their environment, health, and feed sources. Many parts of the tropical countries, particularly the pastoralist area, experience extended periods of drought, leading to shortages of feed and water. During these periods, goats are incapable of meeting their nutrient requirement for maintenance and will begin to lose weight as body reserves are depleted, causing economic loss to the goats. In the extremely long dry season, animals die, with the youngest, weakest, and oldest dying first. As a result, drought management entails balancing pasture and water supply against forage and water demand. In most cases, no single strategy will suffice to address this issue. Each situation would need a different set of strategies Therefore, this chapter will come with some common options\u002F strategies that can be avail feed shortage during drought. Those strategies are purchase of feed from surplus location, adjustment of animal management, policy intervention, destocking, adjusting grazing strategies during drought, supplementation, maintenance feeding, reallocation of a given amount of feed in the herd, early weaning and creep feeding, lowering stocking rate, water sources and supplies, development and effective utilization of feed resources, and creation of feed banks.","signatures":"Mulisa Faji Dida","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F79535","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F79535","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"338817","title":"Dr.","name":"Mulisa","surname":"Faji Dida","slug":"mulisa-faji-dida","fullName":"Mulisa Faji Dida"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"76608","title":"Smallholder Goat Production in Southern Africa: A Review","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.97792","slug":"smallholder-goat-production-in-southern-africa-a-review","totalDownloads":1496,"totalCrossrefCites":5,"totalDimensionsCites":14,"hasAltmetrics":0,"orderNumber":7,"abstract":"Goats play a crucial role in improved livelihoods and food security in Africa. Indigenous and locally developed types exhibit a wide range of phenotypic diversity, but are commonly well adapted to the harsh environment in which they need to survive and produce. They have various functions in communities in developing countries, from providing food security to being a liquid form of cash and playing a role in ceremonial occasions. The Southern African goat population exceeds 35 million animals, most of which are kept in small-scale traditional production systems in communal areas. These traditional production systems are characterised by informal, lowly-skilled labour, small numbers of animals and limited resources. Most goats are part of mixed crop-livestock systems, where different livestock species and crop farming compliment one another. The productivity and offtake from these animals are relatively low. Some goats form part of agropastoral production systems, with marginally higher management and resource inputs. Both of these systems are dependent on a high degree of variability where the keepers\u002Ffarmers can exploit various resources as and when necessary. Goats possess a range of adaptive mechanisms that enable them to deal with harsh and challenging environments, making them the ideal species for use in these production systems. This chapter aims to provide background information on the current smallholder management practices of goat keepers in Southern Africa.","signatures":"Gracinda Andre Mataveia, Carina Visser and Alcides Sitoe","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F76608","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F76608","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"202489","title":"Dr.","name":"Carina","surname":"Visser","slug":"carina-visser","fullName":"Carina Visser"},{"id":"341608","title":"Ph.D.","name":"Gracinda Andre","surname":"Mataveia","slug":"gracinda-andre-mataveia","fullName":"Gracinda Andre Mataveia"},{"id":"350574","title":"Dr.","name":"Alcides","surname":"Sitoe","slug":"alcides-sitoe","fullName":"Alcides Sitoe"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"77933","title":"Assessment of Management and Breeding Practices among Indigenous Goat Farmers in a Tropical Humid Forest Zone","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.99141","slug":"assessment-of-management-and-breeding-practices-among-indigenous-goat-farmers-in-a-tropical-humid-fo","totalDownloads":224,"totalCrossrefCites":1,"totalDimensionsCites":1,"hasAltmetrics":0,"orderNumber":8,"abstract":"The study was undertaken to assess indigenous breeding practices and structure of back-yard goat farming in humid tropical forest zone. Pretested questionnaires and interview schedules were used to collect information from farmers in Ekiti, South-west Nigeria. Profile assessed were purpose, management, breeding and reproductive performances, disease prevalence, healthcare and challenges. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics of SPSS, Version 20.0. Bucks run with does on free-scavenging system, mature sexually at 6–10 months, while mature does settle for bucks from about 7 months (52, 44, %). Main goals of farmers were flock multiplication, meatiness and coat color (24, 11, 6, %). Breeding was by natural random mating. Prolificacy was 1–4 kids but resistance to diseases was low. Selection practices were lowly engaged (7.5%), although based on health status and fecundity (19 and 13, %) for bucks and does respectively. Vaccination knowledge was high (77%), but mortality was also high. Drenching, castration and dehorning were performed (47, 24 and 5, %). Official intervention on breeding and improvement was nil. Challenges of farmers were stealing and accidents (46%), diseases and poisons (14%), lack of organized backyard sector, and the poor management system. Intensification of ethnoveterinary practices could promote improved healthcare in backyard goat farming.","signatures":"Oluwatosin M.A. Jesuyon, Oluwapelumi Boluwaji, Modupe Orunmuyi, Adeolu A. Aganga and Sunday I. Ogunjimi","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F77933","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F77933","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"342917","title":"Dr.","name":"Oluwatosin M. A.","surname":"Jesuyon","slug":"oluwatosin-m.-a.-jesuyon","fullName":"Oluwatosin M. A. Jesuyon"},{"id":"345715","title":"Mrs.","name":"Oluwapelumi","surname":"Boluwaji","slug":"oluwapelumi-boluwaji","fullName":"Oluwapelumi Boluwaji"},{"id":"345716","title":"Prof.","name":"Modupe","surname":"Orunmuyi","slug":"modupe-orunmuyi","fullName":"Modupe Orunmuyi"},{"id":"345717","title":"Prof.","name":"Adeolu A.","surname":"Aganga","slug":"adeolu-a.-aganga","fullName":"Adeolu A. Aganga"},{"id":"345718","title":"Dr.","name":"Sunday I.","surname":"Ogunjimi","slug":"sunday-i.-ogunjimi","fullName":"Sunday I. Ogunjimi"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"77197","title":"Characterization of Native Goat’s Production Systems in Eastern of the Democratic Republic of Congo","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.96353","slug":"characterization-of-native-goat-s-production-systems-in-eastern-of-the-democratic-republic-of-congo","totalDownloads":649,"totalCrossrefCites":0,"totalDimensionsCites":0,"hasAltmetrics":0,"orderNumber":9,"abstract":"Phenotypic characterization of goats is an important step in the breeding sector, recognition and selection of breeds. This study assessed the various biometric morphological characteristics of goats in different farming systems in Eastern of Democratic Republic of Congo. A total of 90.6% of farmers practice goat’s free range. Imperata cylindrica, banana leaves and avocado nuts with the respective percentages of 100; 70.4 and 64.5 are the most common feeds for goats. Goats reared in sheds have an average body size at the withers (55,5 cm), a large weight (24 kg) and a large body length (80.1 cm) and livestock systems significantly influenced the total goats body length (p-value 0.03404 at 5%). The weight of adult goats is increasing in proportion to the length of the head (0.38), ears (0.01), tail (0.19), body (0.22), and chest circumference (0.66). Adult male animals have a bright higher average body size (26 kg) than females (21,8Kg). Almost 97% of investigated goats had tails and horns.","signatures":"Bwihangane Birindwa Ahadi","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F77197","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F77197","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"339969","title":"Associate Prof.","name":"Bwihangane","surname":"Birindwa Ahadi","slug":"bwihangane-birindwa-ahadi","fullName":"Bwihangane Birindwa Ahadi"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"75819","title":"Adaptive Mechanisms of Goat to Heat Stress","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.96874","slug":"adaptive-mechanisms-of-goat-to-heat-stress","totalDownloads":809,"totalCrossrefCites":1,"totalDimensionsCites":4,"hasAltmetrics":0,"orderNumber":10,"abstract":"Goat is popularly known as ‘poor man’s cow’, rears mostly by the rural people due to better adaptive capability to harsh environment. Heat stress either hot or cold; negatively influence the goat productive and reproductive performance. Both survivability and reproductive performance of goat most often depend on its ability to cope with heat stressor. Goats can rears in a wide range of environment and geography may it be hilly terrain or undulating topography due to cope with the heat stress via combination of behavioral, morphological, physiological, biochemical, metabolic, hormonal and molecular changes at the gene level. All these adaptive mechanisms and genes are important for the assessment of heat stress, adaptability and strategies for management, production of heat-tolerant transgenic goat using advance biotechnological tools for sustainable goat production in challenged environment due to climate change.","signatures":"Bhabesh Mili and Tukheswar Chutia","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F75819","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F75819","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"342822","title":"Assistant Prof.","name":"Bhabesh","surname":"Mili","slug":"bhabesh-mili","fullName":"Bhabesh Mili"},{"id":"346085","title":"Dr.","name":"Tukheswar","surname":"Chutia","slug":"tukheswar-chutia","fullName":"Tukheswar Chutia"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"75448","title":"Goat - A Sustainable and Holistic Approach in Addressing Triple Challenges of Gender Inequality, Climate Change Effects, Food and Nutrition Insecurity in Rural Communities of Sub-Saharan Africa","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.96408","slug":"goat-a-sustainable-and-holistic-approach-in-addressing-triple-challenges-of-gender-inequality-climat","totalDownloads":964,"totalCrossrefCites":1,"totalDimensionsCites":4,"hasAltmetrics":1,"orderNumber":11,"abstract":"A goat-centered approach to farming can help shift rural agrarian households and communities toward gender-inclusive climate change adaptation in agriculture to enhance food security and nutrition in sub-Saharan Africa. Gender inequality, climate change, and food and nutrition insecurity are the most defining and deeply intertwined socioeconomic and environmental challenges in rural communities in this region. This chapter offers an overview of the potential of goat rearing as a sustainable and holistic approach to addressing these challenges. The failure to address gender inequality and climate change has thrown sub-Saharan Africa into a state of perpetual food scarcity due to compromised food production, consequently condemning rural communities and their people to extreme poverty and malnutrition. Because of this scenario, many internal and external development agencies have put several measures in place to alleviate the situation, which has long preyed upon the region and continues to frustrate food stability there. The total failure of the previous autonomous attempt to address the triple challenges of gender inequality climate change, and food and nutrition insecurity at the household level has led to the exploration and endorsement of more sustainable and multifaceted approaches. We propose that goat rearing is one such initiative, as it combines the empowerment of women in agriculture to ensure availability of the basic food needs of the household with sustained animal production due to goats’ ability to adapt to harsh environmental conditions. The goat-centered multifactorial approach is focused on the exploitation of the interlinkages among these socioeconomic and environmental ills. The major assumption is that goat rearing in rural economies simultaneously curtails the risk of food and nutrition insecurity by acting as an entry point of gender equality while leveraging the opportunities that goat rearing will effectively offset adversities posed by climate change. In most instances, women are potentially more vulnerable than men, as they directly experience the adverse effects of climate change in agricultural production, in turn compromising food and nutrition security. Goat rearing is central to the removal of systemic barriers that hold women back from equal participation in agriculture by broadening their socioeconomic opportunities, hence playing a significant role in agricultural value chains. The goat-rearing sustainability concept is based on establishing and maintaining the circumstances under which people and nature can subsist in productive harmony, which allows fulfilling the social, economic, and other requirements of present and future generations. Despite the adverse effects of climate change, the goat population has continued to proliferate in the harshest agroecological regions, which demonstrates that goats have managed to adapt to the current unfriendly environmental conditions. It is assumed that promoting goat rearing will narrow the gender equality gap between men and women and enhance the participation of women in agriculture, hence improving productivity and food and nutrition security. Goats, due to their large numbers and deep embedment in rural communities, have constantly contributed to poor rural farmers’ livelihoods in many ways, and their contributions tend to be significant. This chapter reviews the potential of goat rearing as a sustainable and holistic approach to addressing the triple challenges of gender inequality, climate change, and food insecurity in rural communities of sub-Saharan Africa.","signatures":"Never Assan","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F75448","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F75448","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"339365","title":"Prof.","name":"Never","surname":"Assan","slug":"never-assan","fullName":"Never Assan"}],"corrections":[{"id":"81455","title":"Corrigendum to: Goat - A Sustainable and Holistic Approach in Addressing Triple Challenges of Gender Inequality, Climate Change Effects, Food and Nutrition Insecurity in Rural Communities of Sub-Saharan Africa","doi":null,"slug":"corrigendum-to-goat-a-sustainable-and-holistic-approach-in-addressing-triple-challenges-of-gender-in","totalDownloads":null,"totalCrossrefCites":null,"correctionPdfUrl":null}],"_preview":0},{"id":"77620","title":"Potential Liquid Fertilizer Made from Goat Feces to Improve Vegetable Product","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.99047","slug":"potential-liquid-fertilizer-made-from-goat-feces-to-improve-vegetable-product","totalDownloads":1165,"totalCrossrefCites":0,"totalDimensionsCites":1,"hasAltmetrics":0,"orderNumber":12,"abstract":"This study was carried out to examine the production of liquid fertilizer made from goat feces (LFGF) as well as the potency of LFGF for increasing plant growth and yield of vegetables. The study was conducted through 3 studies. The first study was begun with compiling a formulation for LFGF. The selected-raw-material was goat feces added with sugar and ZA, as well as EM (Lactobacillus sp., Actinomycetes sp., Streptomyces sp. and Yeast). The experimental results indicated that an increase in the concentration of ZA resulted in an increase in the total N and S content, as well as an increase EC of LFGF. Increased sugar concentration results in a decrease in pH and an increase in lactic acid content, whereas an increase in ZA decreases the formation of acetic acid. The use of sugar 25 g L−1 water and ZA 50 g L−1 water could produce the best quality of LFGF. The second study was to examine the selected LFGF combined with AB-Mix nutrient solution on the growth and yield of three types of leaf vegetables which were cultivated hydroponically. The results indicated that LFGF can potentially replace AB-Mix fertilizer by up to 50% in hydroponic vegetable cultivation. The third study was to examine the selected LFGF as nutrients availability of mustard that was cultivated in pots, given through planting media with a concentration of 1:40 L−1 water (EC 2300 μS cm−1). It shows that LFGF has the potential to increase the growth and yield of mustard plants in pots.","signatures":"Yacobus Sunaryo, Maria Theresia Darini, Vita Ratri Cahyani and Djoko Purnomo","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F77620","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F77620","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"340121","title":"Dr.","name":"Yacobus","surname":"Sunaryo","slug":"yacobus-sunaryo","fullName":"Yacobus Sunaryo"},{"id":"415339","title":"Dr.","name":"Maria Theresiana","surname":"Darini","slug":"maria-theresiana-darini","fullName":"Maria Theresiana Darini"},{"id":"415342","title":"Prof.","name":"Vita Ratri","surname":"Cahyani","slug":"vita-ratri-cahyani","fullName":"Vita Ratri Cahyani"},{"id":"415343","title":"Prof.","name":"Djoko","surname":"Purnomo","slug":"djoko-purnomo","fullName":"Djoko Purnomo"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"76276","title":"Bacterial Diseases of Goat and Its Preventive Measures","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.97434","slug":"bacterial-diseases-of-goat-and-its-preventive-measures","totalDownloads":1851,"totalCrossrefCites":2,"totalDimensionsCites":5,"hasAltmetrics":0,"orderNumber":13,"abstract":"Bacterial diseases of goats can cause huge economical loss to the farmers. Due to intensification of goat farming and poor hygienic practices there is increase in the number of bacterial diseases that affect the goats. Diseases like tuberculosis, Johne’s disease and Brucellosis are chronic diseases that may be identified in the initial stages of infection during which they spread to other animals. Similarly, brucellosis, tuberculosis and also anthrax are zoonotic diseases hence due consideration has to be provided while handling animals suspected for these diseases. Use of vaccine before onset of the disease in endemic areas can prevent the disease outbreak and spread to other naïve population. Good hygienic practices and biosecurity measures at farm are essential to prevent disease spread. The present chapter deals with various bacterial diseases affecting goats and its preventive measures. This chapter can be a guide to field veterinarians, students and farmers as it highlights the important bacterial diseases of goats.","signatures":"Kumaragurubaran Karthik and Manimuthu Prabhu","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F76276","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F76276","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"338821","title":"Dr.","name":"Kumaragurubaran","surname":"Karthik","slug":"kumaragurubaran-karthik","fullName":"Kumaragurubaran Karthik"},{"id":"348949","title":"Dr.","name":"Manimuthu","surname":"Prabhu","slug":"manimuthu-prabhu","fullName":"Manimuthu Prabhu"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"77469","title":"Management and Control of \u003Cem\u003EEimeria\u003C\u002Fem\u003E Infection in Goats","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.98979","slug":"management-and-control-of-em-eimeria-em-infection-in-goats","totalDownloads":648,"totalCrossrefCites":2,"totalDimensionsCites":3,"hasAltmetrics":0,"orderNumber":14,"abstract":"Coccidian parasites of the genus Eimeira cause coccidiosis in farm animals, which develop in both the small and the large intestines. Coccidiosis is a major economic concern in many livestock, especially in young animals, as a result of losses caused by clinical infection (diarrhea) and subclinical (poor weight gain in particular) and the required treatment costs. Herein, we summarize geographical distribution of Eimeria parasites, their life cycle, pathogenesis, clinical signs, economic losses due to coccidiosis, diagnosis, recent information on control and prevention, and anticoccidial drugs for Eimeria infection in goats. With regard to poverty alleviation in most developing agricultural countries, it is important to maintain and develop goat-related industries. Proper management should be used to prevent losses and reduce the productivity from coccidiosis in young animals by: reducing the level of environmental contamination by infectious oocysts; minimizing stress; and avoiding overcrowding.","signatures":"Saw Bawm and Lat Lat Htun","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F77469","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F77469","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"339915","title":"Prof.","name":"Saw","surname":"Bawm","slug":"saw-bawm","fullName":"Saw Bawm"},{"id":"345644","title":"Prof.","name":"Lat Lat","surname":"Htun","slug":"lat-lat-htun","fullName":"Lat Lat Htun"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"75136","title":"Sustainable Utilization of Indigenous Plants to Mitigate Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases amongst Selected Rural Households of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.95935","slug":"sustainable-utilization-of-indigenous-plants-to-mitigate-ticks-and-tick-borne-diseases-amongst-selec","totalDownloads":224,"totalCrossrefCites":0,"totalDimensionsCites":0,"hasAltmetrics":0,"orderNumber":15,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to explore IK used to control ticks and associated diseases. A structured questionnaire (n = 250) were administered randomly to collect IK amongst the households active in goat production. Challenges on the use of ethno veterinary plants were also captured using focus group discussions. There was an association between goat ownership and gender, males used IK (70%) more than their female counterparts. Ticks were ranked as the major ectoparasites affecting goat productivity. Amongst ticks, Amblyomma species were ranked as the most important. Cissus quadrangularis. Lin (32%), Gomphocarpus physocarpus E. Mey (27%) and Portulaca pilosa L. (25%) plants had the highest FL values for their use to control ticks. Four plant species were identified to treat goats against tick-borne diseases. Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims and Boophane disticha were reported to treat heart water. Aloe marlothii A.Berger and Erythrophleum africanum (Benth.) Harms plants cure anaplasmosis. Livestock farmers hold substantial knowledge of ethno-veterinary plants to control ticks and their associated challenges. More research is required to affirm the acaricidal properties claimed to promote and optimize sustainable use of these medicinal plants.","signatures":"Mbusiseni V. Mkwanazi, Sithembile Z. Ndlela and Michael Chimonyo","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F75136","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F75136","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"339599","title":"Dr.","name":"Mbusiseni V.","surname":"Mkwanazi","slug":"mbusiseni-v.-mkwanazi","fullName":"Mbusiseni V. Mkwanazi"},{"id":"339601","title":"Prof.","name":"Michael","surname":"Chimonyo","slug":"michael-chimonyo","fullName":"Michael Chimonyo"},{"id":"339607","title":"Dr.","name":"Sithembile Z.","surname":"Ndlela","slug":"sithembile-z.-ndlela","fullName":"Sithembile Z. Ndlela"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"77636","title":"Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Derived from Goat Milk","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.98980","slug":"angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitory-peptides-derived-from-goat-milk","totalDownloads":209,"totalCrossrefCites":0,"totalDimensionsCites":2,"hasAltmetrics":0,"orderNumber":16,"abstract":"Today hypertension has become a threat to the human lives. Different factors like sensitivity to sodium, obesity, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle and smoking are responsible for the development of hypertension. Hypertension can be of major risk factor to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Because of their small molecular mass, bioactive peptides have an important role in the digestion and absorption of proteins. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory (ACE-I) peptides are one of the most widely used bioactive peptide in the field of medicine and food processing. Thus, these inhibitors are applied to regulate the blood pressure and prevent hypertension. Synthetic ACE inhibitors have various side effects and that is why scientists nowadays, are focusing on the natural alternate of ACE inhibitors with promising health properties. Two types of proteins found in milk are casein and whey proteins which are a good source of the bioactive peptides having a positive impact on body functions. ACE inhibitory peptides derived from the goat milk proteins are considered to be used in nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical products to reduce the hypertension ultimately reducing the risk of CVD and other related diseases.","signatures":"Iqra Aslam, Amsha Hoor, Munazzah Meraj and Sadia Javed","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F77636","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F77636","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"340469","title":"M.Sc.","name":"Iqra","surname":"Aslam","slug":"iqra-aslam","fullName":"Iqra Aslam"},{"id":"354016","title":"Ms.","name":"Amsha","surname":"Hoor","slug":"amsha-hoor","fullName":"Amsha Hoor"},{"id":"354018","title":"Dr.","name":"Munazzah","surname":"Meraj","slug":"munazzah-meraj","fullName":"Munazzah Meraj"},{"id":"354021","title":"Dr.","name":"Sadia","surname":"Javed","slug":"sadia-javed","fullName":"Sadia Javed"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"76278","title":"Role of Goat Milk in Infant Health and Nutrition","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.97484","slug":"role-of-goat-milk-in-infant-health-and-nutrition","totalDownloads":504,"totalCrossrefCites":1,"totalDimensionsCites":2,"hasAltmetrics":0,"orderNumber":17,"abstract":"Goat husbandry is widespread due to high adaptability of goat to different and extreme environments. Goat milk is valuable from a nutritional point of view in terms of both protein and lipid fraction. The complex polymorphism of its casein fractions as well as the peculiar fatty acid profile makes goat milk interesting for its high potential in exploitation for human health. Genetic polymorphisms of milk proteins play an important role both in eliciting different allergic reaction and for derived peptides with functional properties. The purpose of the present chapter is to report information on the possible impact of goat milk protein and lipid fractions on cow’s milk protein allergy, and on some infant diseases as generalized epilepsy and metabolic disorders.","signatures":"Marzia Albenzio, Francesca d’Angelo and Antonella Santillo","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F76278","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F76278","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"340033","title":"Prof.","name":"Marzia","surname":"Albenzio","slug":"marzia-albenzio","fullName":"Marzia Albenzio"},{"id":"340048","title":"Prof.","name":"Antonella","surname":"Santillo","slug":"antonella-santillo","fullName":"Antonella Santillo"},{"id":"351648","title":"Dr.","name":"Francesca","surname":"d'Angelo","slug":"francesca-d'angelo","fullName":"Francesca d'Angelo"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"76625","title":"Goat’s Milk (GM), a Booster to Human Immune System against Diseases","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.97623","slug":"goat-s-milk-gm-a-booster-to-human-immune-system-against-diseases","totalDownloads":1012,"totalCrossrefCites":0,"totalDimensionsCites":1,"hasAltmetrics":0,"orderNumber":18,"abstract":"Milk is clean lacteal secretion from mammalians shortly after parturition. GM is taken as a complete meal in human diet. GM is the only milk from milching species that possess possibility of substituting human milk. Availability of A2 casein in GM make it comparable to human milk in terms of protein. The most vulnerable ones are infants, aged people and pregnant women as their immune system could answer at any time if extra supplement is not administered. In this case, GM is only option that is highly compatible and nutritious nourishing food naturally. It has been used in curing respiratory problems, diarrhoea, colic, gastrointestinal disturbances etc. Feeding GM enhances production of immunoglobulin, beneficial gut microbiota, phagocytosis activities. Presence of inherent antibodies suits GM for using it in curing Tuberculosis. It contains every needed nutrient in higher amount as compared to milk from other animals. Per servings it has 13% more Calcium, 47% more vitamin A than Cow’s milk. It is filled with most of the trace minerals. Selenium, an immune system enhancer provides anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory protection via inhibition of bacterial growth. Chlorine and Fluorine acts as natural germicides. GM contain good source of Potassium which is crucial for maintainance of blood pressure and functioning of heart, it protects against arteriosclerosis. GM not only reduces the level of total cholesterol due to presence of Medium Chain Triglycerides but also improve mineralisation of skeleton and haemoglobin level. GM consists huge source of biorganic sodium, the absence of which results in arthritis. People who are lactose intolerant even can consume GM as it has low lactose content and for those who finds its smell and taste unusual, there is option of fortification. Because of easily digestible and readily bioavailable nature its consumption has been increased.","signatures":"Rajendra Panta, Vinod Kumar Paswan, Pankaj Kumar Gupta and Dhruba Narayan Kohar","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F76625","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F76625","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"344577","title":"M.Sc.","name":"Rajendra","surname":"Panta","slug":"rajendra-panta","fullName":"Rajendra Panta"},{"id":"348965","title":"Dr.","name":"Pankaj","surname":"Gupta","slug":"pankaj-gupta","fullName":"Pankaj Gupta"},{"id":"349246","title":"MSc.","name":"Dhruba","surname":"Kohar","slug":"dhruba-kohar","fullName":"Dhruba Kohar"},{"id":"517034","title":"Dr.","name":"Vinod","surname":"Kumar Paswan","slug":"vinod-kumar-paswan","fullName":"Vinod Kumar Paswan"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"76747","title":"Goat Meat: No Less Source of Protein in Comparison to Other Meat for Human Consumption","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.97735","slug":"goat-meat-no-less-source-of-protein-in-comparison-to-other-meat-for-human-consumption","totalDownloads":1079,"totalCrossrefCites":5,"totalDimensionsCites":7,"hasAltmetrics":0,"orderNumber":19,"abstract":"For normal body metabolism and maintenance of life, nutrients at appropriate quantities have to be ingested by animals as well as human beings. Proteins are one of the vital nutrients required by the individual body. Vegetable proteins are as good as animal proteins; however, a single plant does not serve every essential nutrient needed by the living body. Therefore, a variety of plants and vegetables has to be ingested to meet the requirements. Goat meat is a good source of animal protein, and it is widely consumed by people in developing countries ever since it has no religious taboo. However, goat meat consumption is a lot less in the western sides and most of the developed countries. The nutrients content in goat meat is undervalued, which needs to be emphasized to encourage its consumption. Spreading awareness in different parts of the world, that are less accustomed to goat meat, for health benefits along with improved trade policies for rationalized goat meat cost would substantially enhance the availability and preference of cosumers for goat meat. Furthermore, goat meat has the ability to capture growing organic meat industry. In current chapter, valuable properties of goat meat along with different factors affecting the demand of goat meat have been discussed.","signatures":"Melody Lalhriatpuii and Amit Kumar Singh","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F76747","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F76747","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"339364","title":"Ph.D. Student","name":"Melody","surname":"Lalhriatpuii","slug":"melody-lalhriatpuii","fullName":"Melody Lalhriatpuii"},{"id":"340010","title":"Mr.","name":"Amit","surname":"Kumar Singh","slug":"amit-kumar-singh","fullName":"Amit Kumar Singh"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"76440","title":"Milk Quality, Somatic Cell Count, and Economics of Dairy Goats Farm in the Czech Republic","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.97509","slug":"milk-quality-somatic-cell-count-and-economics-of-dairy-goats-farm-in-the-czech-republic","totalDownloads":546,"totalCrossrefCites":0,"totalDimensionsCites":2,"hasAltmetrics":0,"orderNumber":20,"abstract":"Mammary gland anatomy in small ruminants is very similar to that of cows; however, milk synthesis throughout lactation exhibits many functional particularities in small ruminants compared with that of cows. Goat’s milk is beneficial for human nutrition owing to the fatty acid composition, fat globule size, and conjugated linoleic acid content. As a raw material for dairy products, goat’s milk must be safe for human consumption. The number of mesophilic microorganisms, somatic cells, and selected mastitis pathogens should be limited. A prerequisite for the production of milk of high hygienic quality is the health of the mammary gland. Goat’s milk processing into cheese and other products is in the Czech Republic mostly performed on farms, partly for direct sales to consumers and partly for supplying selected stores. Revenues from dairy commodities represent the most important source of income for dairy goat farms. Mammary gland health has an important effect on the economics of dairy goat farms. Profitability can fall by up to 1\u002F3 owing to indirect effects of udder health problems.","signatures":"Jana Rychtarova, Zuzana Krupova, Michaela Brzakova, Marketa Borkova, Ondrej Elich, Hedvika Dragounova, Ruzena Seydlova and Zuzana Sztankoova","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F76440","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F76440","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"342486","title":"Dr.","name":"Zuzana","surname":"Sztankoova","slug":"zuzana-sztankoova","fullName":"Zuzana Sztankoova"},{"id":"343473","title":"Dr.","name":"Jana","surname":"Rychtarova","slug":"jana-rychtarova","fullName":"Jana Rychtarova"},{"id":"343474","title":"Dr.","name":"Michaela","surname":"Brzakova","slug":"michaela-brzakova","fullName":"Michaela Brzakova"},{"id":"343479","title":"Dr.","name":"Marketa","surname":"Borkova","slug":"marketa-borkova","fullName":"Marketa Borkova"},{"id":"346477","title":"Dr.","name":"Zuzana","surname":"Krupova","slug":"zuzana-krupova","fullName":"Zuzana Krupova"},{"id":"346478","title":"Mrs.","name":"Hedvika","surname":"Dragounova","slug":"hedvika-dragounova","fullName":"Hedvika Dragounova"},{"id":"346479","title":"Mrs.","name":"Ruzena","surname":"Seydlova","slug":"ruzena-seydlova","fullName":"Ruzena Seydlova"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"75750","title":"Economics and Profitability of Goat Breeding in the Maghreb Region","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.96357","slug":"economics-and-profitability-of-goat-breeding-in-the-maghreb-region","totalDownloads":784,"totalCrossrefCites":1,"totalDimensionsCites":3,"hasAltmetrics":0,"orderNumber":21,"abstract":"This chapter presents a review of the North-African goats, with particular focus on their current state, constraints and research prospects and development. In recent years, goat milk and meat have become acceptable and recognized as the source of healthy nutrient in the Maghreb countries. However, goat populations are generally confronted with severe nutritional deficits during feed scarcity period which exacerbate disease and health troubles and consequently low performances. They are mainly elevated in small herds and their productions are commercialized throughout an informal sector. Thus, if the informal sector is to be convinced to market goats commercially through formal ways, then knowledge of the economics of goat farming should be provided in the Maghreb countries. Under the economics of farming goat, we will investigate the trend in the demand and supply of goat milk or meat, trend in the number of goats slaughtered, and the cost of raising goats in the Maghreb region. We are going to evaluate the economics and profitability of goats as farm animal and their marketing strategies in the Maghreb region.","signatures":"Chniter Mohamed, Amel Dhaoui and Jamel Ben-Nasr","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F75750","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F75750","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"339973","title":"Dr.","name":"Chniter","surname":"Mohamed","slug":"chniter-mohamed","fullName":"Chniter Mohamed"},{"id":"340321","title":"Dr.","name":"Jamel","surname":"Ben Nasr","slug":"jamel-ben-nasr","fullName":"Jamel Ben Nasr"},{"id":"345832","title":"Dr.","name":"Amel","surname":"Dhaoui","slug":"amel-dhaoui","fullName":"Amel Dhaoui"}],"corrections":null,"_preview":0},{"id":"76254","title":"Factors Affecting Household Goat Farmers’ Market Participation and the Extent of Commercialization","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.97233","slug":"factors-affecting-household-goat-farmers-market-participation-and-the-extent-of-commercialization","totalDownloads":536,"totalCrossrefCites":0,"totalDimensionsCites":1,"hasAltmetrics":0,"orderNumber":22,"abstract":"This paper assessed the factors influencing farmers’ choice to participate in selling goats and the extent of goat commercialization in Zululand district of Kwa-Zulu Natal Province in South Africa. Data were collected through questionnaires administered to 175 selected goat farmers in five local municipalities within Zululand district. A Probit model was used to estimate the factors affecting farmers’ choice to commercialize while Tobit regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting the extent of commercialization. The Probit results show that the factors that positively and significantly affect farmers’ choice to commercialize are gender, education level, quantity of goats, and type of marketing channel. The Tobit results revealed that factors that have a positive significant effect on commercialization are gender, level of education, experience in goat farming, and time of the year. The paper recommends that government support programs should be promoted to achieve high goat production and establishment of formal marketing goat sector to promote commercialization. Furthermore, information about goat nutritional attributes must be effectively shared with the society to change the negative stigma towards goats thus increasing the demand for goat and goat products, thus increasing farmers’ market participation and promoting commercialization.","signatures":"Zamokwakhe Maureen Ntshangase, Tafa Sanelise, Bethwell Moyo, Sikwela Misery and Johan Van Niekerk","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F76254","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F76254","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"id":"168380","title":"Dr.","name":"Bethwell","surname":"Moyo","slug":"bethwell-moyo","fullName":"Bethwell Moyo"},{"id":"339666","title":"Ph.D.","name":"Zamokwakhe","surname":"Maureen Ntshangase","slug":"zamokwakhe-maureen-ntshangase","fullName":"Zamokwakhe Maureen Ntshangase"},{"id":"346575","title":"Mr.","name":"Tafa","surname":"Sanelise","slug":"tafa-sanelise","fullName":"Tafa 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Isbell","slug":"james-m.-isbell"}]},{"id":"28654","title":"Pathophysiology of Extravascular Water in the Pleural Cavity and in the Lung Interstitium After Lung Thoracic Surgery","slug":"pathophysiology-of-extravascular-water-in-the-pleural-cavity-and-in-the-lung-interstitium-after-lung","signatures":"Giuseppe Miserocchi and Egidio Beretta","authors":[{"id":"64552","title":"Prof.","name":"Giuseppe","middleName":null,"surname":"Miserocchi","fullName":"Giuseppe Miserocchi","slug":"giuseppe-miserocchi"},{"id":"114175","title":"Dr.","name":"Egidio","middleName":null,"surname":"Beretta","fullName":"Egidio Beretta","slug":"egidio-beretta"}]},{"id":"28655","title":"The Role of PET-CT in the Clinical Management of Oesophageal Cancer","slug":"the-role-of-pet-ct-in-the-clinical-management-of-oesophageal-cancer","signatures":"Reubendra Jeganathan, Jim McGuigan and Tom Lynch","authors":[{"id":"63165","title":"Dr.","name":"Reubendra","middleName":null,"surname":"Jeganathan","fullName":"Reubendra Jeganathan","slug":"reubendra-jeganathan"},{"id":"70703","title":"Dr.","name":"Thomas","middleName":null,"surname":"Lynch","fullName":"Thomas Lynch","slug":"thomas-lynch"},{"id":"70704","title":"Mr.","name":"Jim","middleName":null,"surname":"McGuigan","fullName":"Jim McGuigan","slug":"jim-mcguigan"}]},{"id":"28848","title":"Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Transition of Emergent Thoracic Surgery","slug":"extracorporeal-membrane-oxygenation-in-the-transition-of-emergent-thoracic-surgery","signatures":"Shao-Jung Hsu and Kuang-Yao Yang","authors":[{"id":"69550","title":"Prof.","name":"Kuang-Yao","middleName":null,"surname":"Yang","fullName":"Kuang-Yao Yang","slug":"kuang-yao-yang"},{"id":"70869","title":"Dr.","name":"Shao-Jung","middleName":null,"surname":"Hsu","fullName":"Shao-Jung Hsu","slug":"shao-jung-hsu"}]}]}],"publishedBooks":[],"publishedBooksByAuthor":[]},"onlineFirst":{"chapter":{"type":"chapter","id":"87361","title":"Male Involvement in Family Planning Services","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.111949","slug":"male-involvement-in-family-planning-services","body":"\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_1\" data-lvl=\"1\"\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\"heading main-title\"\u003E1. Introduction\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p2\"\u003EFamily planning is the process by which individuals and couples predict and achieve the number, spacing, and timing of children they desire. By using contraceptive methods and treating unintentional infertility, it is achieved [\u003Ca href=\"#B1\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B2\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E2\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. It encompasses the services, policies, information, attitudes, practices, and commodities, such as contraception, that enable women, men, couples, and adolescents to avoid unintended pregnancy and make decisions about whether and\u002For when to have a child [\u003Ca href=\"#B3\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Programs for family planning (FP) have mainly focused on women. However, there is a shift to involve men in supporting and using FP services as a result of the focus on gender equity for best health. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Ministry of Health in the majority of countries have recommended and approved the use of FP methods as an effective intervention, and men, as the decision-makers in most African families, have a crucial role to play in this process [\u003Ca href=\"#B4\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E4\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p3\"\u003EFamily planning has been a major concern in programs to reduce the population as well as those that promote and improve reproductive health [\u003Ca href=\"#B5\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E5\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Family planning is critical for the health of women and families, and it can accelerate a country’s progress toward eradicating poverty and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Effective family planning techniques enable couples to have as many children as they want, improve maternal and child health, which may assist women in avoiding unintended pregnancies, and reduce risk factors for maternal and infant mortality [\u003Ca href=\"#B6\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E6\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p4\"\u003EThe use of contraception has been linked to decreased fertility, better maternal and child health due to birth spacing and fewer pregnancies, and increased women’s empowerment by enabling them to complete their education and enter the workforce [\u003Ca href=\"#B7\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E7\u003C\u002Fa\u003E] . The two types of contraceptive methods. This are modern and traditional methods of contraceptive. Male and female sterilization, IUDs, implants, injectable contraceptives, pills, male and female condoms, emergency contraception, and the lactational amenorrhea method are all modern methods. (LAM), While traditional methods consist of rhythm (calendar), withdrawal, and folk methods [\u003Ca href=\"#B8\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E8\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B9\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E9\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p5\"\u003EContraception has a number of advantages, including ensuring couples have the number of children they want and lowering infant, perinatal, and maternal mortality. Additionally, it lowers the chance of HIV transmission, STI acquisition, and unintended pregnancy. Furthermore, it reduces pregnancy and birth-related complications by giving a mother enough time to recover from previous pregnancy complications [\u003Ca href=\"#B8\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E8\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Globally, women have played a significant role in household management and decision-making regarding their own health care and life through family planning. There has been a significant improvement in family planning utilization and birth rates. However, male involvement in family planning remains minimal, with men playing a secondary role [\u003Ca href=\"#B10\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E10\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p6\"\u003EMale involvement in family planning (FP) refers to all organizational actions aimed at increasing the acceptability and uptake of FP among both sexes. It includes men participating in decision making, approving it, or encouraging their spouse’s use of family planning [\u003Ca href=\"#B11\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E11\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Through increased spousal communication, male involvement can lead to contraceptive use [\u003Ca href=\"#B12\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E12\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B13\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B14\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E14\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. It encompasses more than just an increase in the proportion of men who use condoms and get vasectomies. It also includes the proportion of men who support and encourage their partners and their peers to use FP and who influence public policy to make male-related programs more widely promoted. In this context, “male involvement” refers to activities aimed at men as a distinct group with the goal of raising couples’ acceptance and use of family planning, more so than male contraception [\u003Ca href=\"#B15\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E15\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p7\"\u003EIn African nations, men are frequently the main decision-makers, and this has a big impact on their spouse’s health and access to healthcare, including decisions about family planning (FP) [\u003Ca href=\"#B16\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E16\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Family planning is critical for slowing unsustainable population growth and its negative effects on the economy, environment, and national and regional development efforts [\u003Ca href=\"#B9\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E9\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Men are also blamed for a large proportion of their female partners’ poor reproductive health. Furthermore, male involvement aids not only in the acceptance of a contraceptive but also in its effective use and continuation [\u003Ca href=\"#B9\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E9\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p8\"\u003EFamily planning is crucial for achieving the goals and the post-2015 development agenda. The five SDG themes of People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, and Partnership can all advance more quickly as a result. In the time frame of the SDGs, there is a chance for the world to achieve significant convergence between the developed and developing worlds, ending avoidable child and maternal deaths and achieving relative parity in addressing the family planning requirements of women, men, couples, and teenagers who want to space or limit childbearing [\u003Ca href=\"#B3\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E3\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Target 3.7 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) calls for universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services, including birth control, information, and education, by the end of 2030, and thus the integration of reproductive health into national strategy and programs [\u003Ca href=\"#B1\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B17\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E17\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B18\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E18\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Men’s involvement in reproductive health issues is essential for achieving the SDGs. Furthermore, increasing economic development requires regulating fertility to the level of substitution. Family planning can reduce maternal and child mortality by 32% and 10%, respectively [\u003Ca href=\"#B19\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E19\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Male participation includes not only male contraception but also all other national program activities aimed at increasing male awareness, acceptability, and prevalence of family planning methods. The primary goal of family planning is to allow women and men to plan their families and space their children using modern contraceptives [\u003Ca href=\"#B20\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E20\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest fertility rate (more than 5 children per woman) as well as the fastest growth rate (on average 2.5 percent per year) [\u003Ca href=\"#B21\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E21\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p9\"\u003EAccording to UN projections, the population of Sub-Saharan Africa will reach 2.12 billion by 2050 [\u003Ca href=\"#B22\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E22\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. The second-most populous country in Africa is Ethiopia. It has the highest rate of annual growth (2.6%), infant mortality (43\u002F1000 live births), and maternal mortality (412 per 100,000 live births) [\u003Ca href=\"#B23\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E23\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B24\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E24\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Over the previous ten years, the Ethiopian population increased, rising from 55.18 million in 1994 to 112 million in 2019 and probably over 114 million in 2020 [\u003Ca href=\"#B22\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E22\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. The United Nations reported that in 2019 Africa had a contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) of 29.4%, sub-Saharan Africa had a CPR of 28.5%, Ethiopia had a CPR of 26.5%, and there was a 22% unmet need for FP in Africa [\u003Ca href=\"#B1\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E1\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. According to the EDHS 2019 report, usage of modern contraceptives among married women has increased since 2000, 2005, 2011, 2016, and 2019 by 6%, 14%, 27%, 35%, and 41%, respectively, while usage of traditional methods has remained stable for the years of 2005, 2011, 2016, and 2019 at about 1%. Injectable usage among modern methods of contraception, which increased steadily from 3% in 2000 to 27% in 2019, and primarily to blame for the rise in the use of modern methods than others [\u003Ca href=\"#B24\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E24\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p10\"\u003EStudies have shown that the involvement of men significantly changed the way family planning is used in many developing nations. Their participation in using family planning services is still minimal. Several studies on male involvement in family planning use and reproductive health have been carried out in Ethiopia in various regions of the nation. The husband plays a significant role in this country in approving or disapproving the use of family planning services by their wives based on a number of barriers between these religions and cultures that are said to have a negative impact on them. This is due to the fact that in many developing nations, such as Ethiopia, men frequently have the deciding influence over major family decisions, such as their wives’ use of contraceptives [\u003Ca href=\"#B25\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E25\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p11\"\u003ETraditionally, men have been excluded from receiving or providing information about sexuality, reproductive health, and birth spacing. They have also been ignored or excluded in some way from participating in many family planning programs, owing to the perception that family planning is a woman’s domain [\u003Ca href=\"#B14\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E14\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B26\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E26\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. To reduce contraceptive discontinuation rates, male participation is required [\u003Ca href=\"#B27\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E27\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. In Ethiopia the extent of male involvement in family planning service utilization 68% from a previous study [\u003Ca href=\"#B28\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E28\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Few pieces of research suggest that male involvement can increase uptake and continuation of family planning methods by improving spousal communication through pathways of increased knowledge or decreased male opposition [\u003Ca href=\"#B12\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E12\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B13\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E13\u003C\u002Fa\u003E] . Husbands have a significant impact on women’s access to family planning services and other forms of healthcare [\u003Ca href=\"#B29\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E29\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_2\" data-lvl=\"1\"\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\"heading main-title\"\u003E2. Factors affecting male involvement in family planning\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p12\"\u003EStudies done in African contexts have found that men’s lack of knowledge about contraceptive methods, as well as gender norms regarding men’s roles, may be important factors in men’s negative perceptions of and disengagement from family planning. Some studies also suggest that spousal communication is low even in situations where men approve of contraceptive methods [\u003Ca href=\"#B30\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E30\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B31\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E31\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. The West African Demographic and Health Survey found that about 75% of men and women had not discussed family planning with their partners in the year before the survey [\u003Ca href=\"#B32\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E32\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. In Tanzania, 45% of married women said they were unaware of their husbands’ thoughts on family planning or thought they were opposed to it, even though in fact many of the husbands were in favor [\u003Ca href=\"#B33\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E33\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Several socioeconomic factors, including religion and tradition, the role of women in decision-making in society, cultural values, and others, have a significant impact on family planning services in Ethiopia. Women’s access to family planning services may be impacted by their status in the family, the economy, and public life [\u003Ca href=\"#B34\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E34\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p13\"\u003EIn a study conducted in Kenya, it was discovered that male involvement in family planning was significantly associated with demographic factors such as age, the number of children, educational attainment, and social factors such as social group membership and religion of the respondent. Knowing a place that provides family planning services, having a general understanding of family planning, and being aware of particular family planning techniques accessible to both men and women were all significantly associated. However, only the ease of access to family planning services for men was found to be strongly associated with male participation [\u003Ca href=\"#B26\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E26\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p14\"\u003EAnother Nigerian study found that the level of education, the number of living children, and approval of family planning are all indicators of male involvement in reproductive health care [\u003Ca href=\"#B35\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E35\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. According to a Bangladesh study, the level of male involvement was associated to schooling experience, type of residency, and exposure to electronic media [\u003Ca href=\"#B36\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E36\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Men who participate in family planning, in addition to using contraception, support and encourage their partners’ contraceptive needs and decisions, encourage their peers to use contraception, and influence public policy to improve male-related programs [\u003Ca href=\"#B37\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E37\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. One of the essential health care services that can promote and ensure reproductive health is family planning. According to studies, males’ intentions to discuss family planning are influenced by their attitudes, norms, and self-efficacy. Males’ perceptions of family planning as a female responsibility also influence family planning [\u003Ca href=\"#B20\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E20\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p15\"\u003EIn many sub-Saharan African nations, men were also key decision-makers in the household and typically opposed their partners’ use of contraceptives. The male predominance in decision-making among couples and its impact on women’s decision-making power in the use of contraceptives are both caused by women’s young age at marriage, the age gap between husband and wife, polygamous family structures, and culture. Decisions about limiting fertility are made by the husband or his parents in societies where gender stratification is common [\u003Ca href=\"#B38\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E38\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B39\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E39\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p16\"\u003ERecently, the husband’s involvement in the decision-making process for family planning has come to light as an important factor influencing the use of contraceptives. Men who participate in family planning make decisions about using contraception [\u003Ca href=\"#B12\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E12\u003C\u002Fa\u003E], but study indicates that male involvement is lower in less developed nations [\u003Ca href=\"#B40\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E40\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B41\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E41\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p17\"\u003EResearch from the past suggested that men should even participate in family planning programs [\u003Ca href=\"#B41\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E41\u003C\u002Fa\u003E], but until now, the majority of countries worldwide have only targeted women in these programs [\u003Ca href=\"#B42\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E42\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B43\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E43\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. According to some studies, men as well as women must be involved in order for targeted family planning coverage to be successfully achieved [\u003Ca href=\"#B44\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E44\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. According to study done in Malawi, targeting men for family planning interventions may greatly increase the uptake of contraceptives [\u003Ca href=\"#B45\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E45\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Others suggested that targeting both spouses with family planning education rather than focusing solely on one gender might be more effective [\u003Ca href=\"#B46\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E46\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. t has also been demonstrated how important it is to involve husbands in family planning initiatives in order to increase the use of modern contraceptives rather than traditional methods [\u003Ca href=\"#B47\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E47\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p18\"\u003EMen typically serve as the health care system’s gatekeepers in developing countries. They are the ones who make the majority of decisions that have a direct impact on the health of their spouse and their children. Their choices have an impact on resource utilization, access to health care services, contraceptive use, birth spacing, the availability of nutritious food, and the workload of women [\u003Ca href=\"#B48\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E48\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p19\"\u003EHowever, research on couples’ contraceptive use has primarily focused on the knowledge, attitudes, discussion, and intentions regarding family planning rather than examining the specific effects of programs on the use of contraceptives and family planning services [\u003Ca href=\"#B49\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E49\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. In order to achieve higher levels of contraceptive prevalence, efforts must be made to promote spousal cooperation and communication as well as to encourage men’s involvement in family planning [\u003Ca href=\"#B44\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E44\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p20\"\u003EAccording to a qualitative study conducted in Nepal, men’s education and attitude, knowledge and awareness, sociocultural factors, psychological factors, aspects of the health system, and policies all have a significant impact on male involvement in reproductive health [\u003Ca href=\"#B48\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E48\u003C\u002Fa\u003E]. Another study done in Ethiopia found that lack of knowledge, myths, misconceptions, access issues, the desire to have more children, fear of social rejection, concerns about side effects, the husband’s opposition and religious prohibition, negative attitudes, the husband and partner’s educational status, the number of living children, the male approach to family planning, male family planning awareness, and conversation with the wife about family planning have all contributed to the lack of access to family planning services [\u003Ca href=\"#B21\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E21\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B27\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E27\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B50\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E50\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B51\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E51\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, \u003Ca href=\"#B52\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E52\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"section\" id=\"sec_3\" data-lvl=\"1\"\u003E\u003Ch2 class=\"heading main-title\"\u003E3. Conclusion\u003C\u002Fh2\u003E\u003Cp id=\"p21\"\u003EMen’s involvement in family planning could increase the prevalence of contraception in a number of ways, including by giving couples who are dissatisfied with their current method options, increasing male contraceptive use, encouraging more conversation between sexual partners, and altering male attitudes toward contraception. According to a study conducted in Ethiopia, husband participation in home visits during discussions increased the likelihood that couples would start using contraceptives and keep using them [\u003Ca href=\"#B34\" class=\"ref-link\" data-ref-style=\"bibr\"\u003E34\u003C\u002Fa\u003E].\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fdiv\u003E\n","keywords":"male involvement, family planning, magnitude, associated factors, Ethiopia","chapterPDFUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.intechopen.com\u002Fpdfs\u002F87361.pdf","chapterXML":"https:\u002F\u002Fmts.intechopen.com\u002Fsource\u002Fxml\u002F87361.xml","webChapterXML":"s3:\u002F\u002Fintech-chapter-xmls\u002Fxmls-chapter\u002F87361\u002F1700461382\u002F","downloadPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-download\u002F87361","previewPdfUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fpdf-preview\u002F87361","cdnMediaBaseUrl":null,"totalDownloads":139,"totalViews":1835,"totalCrossrefCites":0,"totalDimensionsCites":0,"dateSubmitted":"January 12th 2023","dateReviewed":"May 24th 2023","datePrePublished":"June 27th 2023","datePublished":"December 6th 2023","dateFinished":"June 13th 2023","readingETA":"0","abstract":"Family planning is the ability of individuals and couples to anticipate and obtain their preferred number of children, spacing, and timing of births. It is accomplished through the use of contraceptive methods and the treatment of involuntary infertility. Family planning is important for the well-being of women and their families, and it can help a country reduce poverty and achieve the SDGs faster. When family planning methods are used effectively, they assist couples in having the number of children they desire, improve maternal and child health, which may assist women in avoiding unintended pregnancies, and lower risk factors for maternal and child mortality. Increasing the use of condoms and vasectomies among men is only one aspect of male involvement in family planning. It also includes the number of men who support and encourage their partners and peers to use family planning, as well as the number of men who influence policy to make it more favorable to promoting male-related programs. Men’s participation is critical to women’s health and program completion, as it promotes shared responsibility for birth control, contraceptive reputation, and thus the women are more likely to adopt and continue using beginning prevention if their partner’s active assistance.","reviewType":"peer-reviewed","bibtexUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fbibtex\u002F87361","risUrl":"\u002Fchapter\u002Fris\u002F87361","signatures":"Mesfin Abebe, Tsion Mulat Tebeje, Wondwosen Molla and Getnet Melaku","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"isDeactivated":0,"noAds":0,"subseries":null,"book":{"id":"11730","type":"book","title":"Midwifery","subtitle":"New Perspectives and Challenges","fullTitle":"Midwifery - New Perspectives and Challenges","slug":"midwifery-new-perspectives-and-challenges","isPublished":true,"publishedDate":"December 6th 2023","bookSignature":"Vasfiye Bayram Değer","coverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.intechopen.com\u002Fbooks\u002Fimages_new\u002F11730.jpg","cdnCoverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fbooks\u002F11730\u002F1713446235-1492816186\u002Fcover.jpg","cdnCoverURL300":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fbooks\u002F11730\u002F1713446235-1492816186\u002Fcover-300.jpg","cdnWebCoverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fbooks\u002F11730\u002F1718282128-236881714\u002Fweb-cover.jpg","cdnWebCoverURL300":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fbooks\u002F11730\u002F1718282128-236881714\u002Fweb-cover-300.jpg","cdnCoverWithTextURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fbooks\u002F11730\u002F1718119717-599184237\u002Fcover-text.jpg","cdnCoverWithTextURL300":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fbooks\u002F11730\u002F1718119717-599184237\u002Fcover-text-300.jpg","licenceType":"CC BY 3.0","editedByType":"Edited by","isbn":"978-1-80356-426-5","printIsbn":"978-1-80356-425-8","pdfIsbn":"978-1-80356-427-2","isAvailableForWebshopOrdering":true,"isDeactivated":false,"kuFlag":false,"noAdsSub":0,"editors":[{"id":"228268","title":"Associate Prof.","name":"Vasfiye","middleName":null,"surname":"Bayram Değer","slug":"vasfiye-bayram-deger","fullName":"Vasfiye Bayram Değer"}],"productType":{"id":"1","title":"Edited Volume","chapterContentType":"chapter","authoredCaption":"Edited by"}},"authors":[{"id":"504230","title":"Mr.","name":"Mesfin","middleName":null,"surname":"Abebe","fullName":"Mesfin Abebe","slug":"mesfin-abebe","email":"mesfiaau@gmail.com","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F504230\u002F1701805148\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","institution":{"name":"Dilla University","institutionURL":null,"country":{"name":"Ethiopia"}}},{"id":"546152","title":"Ms.","name":"Tsion","middleName":null,"surname":"Mulat Tebeje","fullName":"Tsion Mulat Tebeje","slug":"tsion-mulat-tebeje","email":"yemarina12@gmail.com","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fweb\u002Ffrontend\u002Fwww\u002Fassets\u002F45.123\u002Fauthor.svg","institution":{"name":"Dilla University","institutionURL":null,"country":{"name":"Ethiopia"}}},{"id":"546157","title":"Mr.","name":"Getnet","middleName":"Melaku","surname":"Melaku","fullName":"Getnet Melaku","slug":"getnet-melaku","email":"getsen12@gmail.com","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F546157\u002F1701805170\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","institution":{"name":"Dilla University","institutionURL":null,"country":{"name":"Ethiopia"}}},{"id":"547328","title":"Mr.","name":"Wondwosen","middleName":null,"surname":"Molla","fullName":"Wondwosen Molla","slug":"wondwosen-molla","email":"wondwosenm955@gmail.com","position":null,"cdnProfilePictureURL":"\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fweb\u002Ffrontend\u002Fwww\u002Fassets\u002F45.123\u002Fauthor.svg","institution":{"name":"Dilla University","institutionURL":null,"country":{"name":"Ethiopia"}}}],"sections":[{"id":"sec_1","title":"1. Introduction","level":"1"},{"id":"sec_2","title":"2. Factors affecting male involvement in family planning","level":"1"},{"id":"sec_3","title":"3. Conclusion","level":"1"}],"chapterReferences":[{"id":"B1","body":"\u003Cref id=\"B1\"\u003E\u003Cmixed-citation publication-type=\"book\"\u003EOrganization WH. Family Planning\u002FContraception: Fact Sheet. WHO 2017; 2018\u003C\u002Fmixed-citation\u003E\u003C\u002Fref\u003E"},{"id":"B2","body":"\u003Cref id=\"B2\"\u003E\u003Cmixed-citation publication-type=\"journal\"\u003EGonie A, Wudneh A, Nigatu D, Dendir Z. Determinants of family planning use among married women in bale eco-region, Southeast Ethiopia: A community based study. BMC Women’s Health. 2018;\u003Cbold\u003E18\u003C\u002Fbold\u003E(1):1-10\u003C\u002Fmixed-citation\u003E\u003C\u002Fref\u003E"},{"id":"B3","body":"\u003Cref id=\"B3\"\u003E\u003Cmixed-citation publication-type=\"journal\"\u003EStarbird E, Norton M, Marcus R. 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Biogas is considered to be the future of renewable and sustainable energy.","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"book":{"id":"10096","slug":"biogas-recent-advances-and-integrated-approaches","title":"Biogas","fullTitle":"Biogas - Recent Advances and Integrated Approaches","isOpenForSubmission":false,"isPublished":true},"signatures":"Issa Korbag, Salma Mohamed Saleh Omer, Hanan Boghazala and Mousay Ahmeedah Aboubakr Abusasiyah","authors":[{"id":"321171","title":"Dr.","name":"Salma Mohamed Saleh","middleName":null,"surname":"Omer","slug":"salma-mohamed-saleh-omer","fullName":"Salma Mohamed Saleh Omer"},{"id":"321172","title":"Dr.","name":"Issa","middleName":null,"surname":"Korbag","slug":"issa-korbag","fullName":"Issa Korbag"},{"id":"321298","title":"Dr.","name":"Hanan","middleName":null,"surname":"Boghazala","slug":"hanan-boghazala","fullName":"Hanan Boghazala"},{"id":"321299","title":"Dr.","name":"Mousay Ahmeedah Aboubakr","middleName":null,"surname":"Abusasiyah","slug":"mousay-ahmeedah-aboubakr-abusasiyah","fullName":"Mousay Ahmeedah Aboubakr Abusasiyah"}]},{"id":"20399","title":"Aflatoxin in Agricultural Commodities and Herbal Medicine","slug":"aflatoxin-in-agricultural-commodities-and-herbal-medicine","totalDownloads":10623,"totalCrossrefCites":7,"totalDimensionsCites":11,"abstract":null,"isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"book":{"id":"372","slug":"aflatoxins-biochemistry-and-molecular-biology","title":"Aflatoxins","fullTitle":"Aflatoxins - Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","isOpenForSubmission":false,"isPublished":true},"signatures":"Mehrdad Tajkarimi, Mohammad Hossein Shojaee, Hassan Yazdanpanah and Salam A. Ibrahim","authors":[{"id":"53432","title":"Dr.","name":"Mehrdad","middleName":null,"surname":"Tajkarimi","slug":"mehrdad-tajkarimi","fullName":"Mehrdad Tajkarimi"},{"id":"60049","title":"Prof.","name":"Hassan","middleName":null,"surname":"Yazdanpanah","slug":"hassan-yazdanpanah","fullName":"Hassan Yazdanpanah"},{"id":"60050","title":"Dr.","name":"Mohammad Hossein","middleName":null,"surname":"Shojaee","slug":"mohammad-hossein-shojaee","fullName":"Mohammad Hossein Shojaee"},{"id":"107905","title":"Prof.","name":"Salam A.","middleName":null,"surname":"Ibrahim","slug":"salam-a.-ibrahim","fullName":"Salam A. Ibrahim"}]},{"id":"25624","title":"Forty Years with Glyphosate","slug":"forty-years-with-glyphosate","totalDownloads":7853,"totalCrossrefCites":55,"totalDimensionsCites":141,"abstract":null,"isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"book":{"id":"2106","slug":"herbicides-properties-synthesis-and-control-of-weeds","title":"Herbicides","fullTitle":"Herbicides - Properties, Synthesis and Control of Weeds","isOpenForSubmission":false,"isPublished":true},"signatures":"András Székács and Béla Darvas","authors":[{"id":"91712","title":"Dr.","name":"Andras","middleName":null,"surname":"Szekacs","slug":"andras-szekacs","fullName":"Andras Szekacs"},{"id":"97339","title":"Dr.","name":"Béla","middleName":null,"surname":"Darvas","slug":"bela-darvas","fullName":"Béla Darvas"}]},{"id":"48938","title":"New Cheese-Like Food Production from Soy Milk — Utility of Soy Milk Curdling Yeast","slug":"new-cheese-like-food-production-from-soy-milk-utility-of-soy-milk-curdling-yeast","totalDownloads":5127,"totalCrossrefCites":4,"totalDimensionsCites":7,"abstract":"Soybeans are a traditional food in eastern Asia, particularly in Japan and China. They were eaten in 100 BC in China. The beans can be processed into Tofu, soy milk, fermented seasonings, soy sauce or Miso paste, and Natto and green beans. Soybeans have rich nutrition, protein lipid, and other functional substances such as isoflavones. However, soybeans are difficult to process for use as food because of tissue and cell wall hardness. Therefore, soybeans are conducted to do some treatments, e.g., boiling, steaming, roasting, crushing\u002Fgrinding, and some enzyme treating, to eat soy protein easily. Soy storage proteins mainly comprise two proteins as 7S globulin composed with β-conglycinin and 11S globulin containing glycinin composed of 5 subunits. β-Conglycinin, included in 7S globulin, is composed of three subunits.","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"book":{"id":"4653","slug":"food-production-and-industry","title":"Food Production and Industry","fullTitle":"Food Production and Industry","isOpenForSubmission":false,"isPublished":true},"signatures":"Makoto Kanauchi, Sakiko Hatanaka and Makoto Shimoyamada","authors":[{"id":"85984","title":"Ph.D.","name":"Makoto","middleName":null,"surname":"Kanauchi","slug":"makoto-kanauchi","fullName":"Makoto Kanauchi"},{"id":"175567","title":"Ms.","name":"Sakiko","middleName":null,"surname":"Hatanaka","slug":"sakiko-hatanaka","fullName":"Sakiko Hatanaka"},{"id":"175568","title":"Prof.","name":"Makoto","middleName":null,"surname":"Shimoyamada","slug":"makoto-shimoyamada","fullName":"Makoto Shimoyamada"}]},{"id":"60836","title":"Wheat Sensitivity to Nitrogen Supply under Different Climatic Conditions","slug":"wheat-sensitivity-to-nitrogen-supply-under-different-climatic-conditions","totalDownloads":3170,"totalCrossrefCites":3,"totalDimensionsCites":4,"abstract":"With the projection of the Earth’s population reaching eight billion in coming years and nine billion by 2050 which means increasing demand for food. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the main important and strategic cereal crop for feeding the majority of world’s populations. Scientific forecasts predict that wheat production in the future will be affected by climate change and will decrease on the global level. To reduce these risks, the impact of climate change mitigation strategies and management systems for crop adaptation to climate change conditions should be considered. Demand for increases in food production will have to occur on less available arable land, which can only be accomplished by intensifying production. Chemical fertilisers are responsible for 40–60% of the world’s food production. Because nonlegume plants generally require 20–50 g of nitrogen to produce 1 kg dry biomass, the natural supply of soil nitrogen usually restricts plants yield in most agricultural cropping system. The goal of ecological intensification is to increase yield per unit of land, intensify production, while meeting acceptable standards of environmental quality. This chapter discusses some aspects of connection between nitrogen supply and different abiotic conditions.","isPublished":true,"isOnlineFirst":false,"book":{"id":"6776","slug":"global-wheat-production","title":"Global Wheat Production","fullTitle":"Global Wheat Production","isOpenForSubmission":false,"isPublished":true},"signatures":"Veres Szilvia, Ondrasek Gabrijel and Zsombik László","authors":[{"id":"46939","title":"Prof.","name":"Gabrijel","middleName":null,"surname":"Ondrasek","slug":"gabrijel-ondrasek","fullName":"Gabrijel Ondrasek"},{"id":"108026","title":"Dr.","name":"Szilvia","middleName":null,"surname":"Veres","slug":"szilvia-veres","fullName":"Szilvia Veres"},{"id":"239567","title":"Dr.","name":"László","middleName":null,"surname":"Zsombik","slug":"laszlo-zsombik","fullName":"László Zsombik"}]}],"onlineFirstChaptersFilter":{"topicId":"2","limit":6,"offset":0},"onlineFirstChaptersCollection":[{"id":"88668","title":"The Biochemistry of Autism","slug":"the-biochemistry-of-autism","totalDownloads":0,"totalDimensionsCites":null,"doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.113872","abstract":"\u003Cp id=\"p1\"\u003EMetabolic analysis of the biochemistry of children with autism has revealed a complex nutritional deficiency in these children that ultimately results in functional vitamin B12 deficiency. As such the children closely resemble those with developmental delay resulting from a deficiency in vitamin B12 in the womb. Deficiency of iodine, selenium and\u002For molybdenum is seen in all the children, which then results in functional vitamin B2 deficiency, which in turn results in functional deficiency in vitamin B12. The resulting deficiency leads to lower production of melatonin, resulting in delayed myelination of neurons, particularly in the area of the brain involved in speech, and in poor motor skill development. Lack of melatonin also leads to the many sleep issues common in the children as well as poor gut health. The situation is compounded by deficiencies in iron and vitamin D. A potential protocol for resolution of the condition is discussed, as well as methods for prevention of the condition.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n","isPublished":false,"isOnlineFirst":true,"book":{"id":"14469","title":"Metabolism Annual Volume 2024","coverURL":null,"isOpenForSubmission":false,"isPublished":false},"signatures":"Gregory Russell-Jones"},{"id":"1203720","title":"Mycotoxins and Mitigation Plan","slug":null,"totalDownloads":0,"totalDimensionsCites":null,"doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.1007446","abstract":"\u003Cp id=\"p1\"\u003EThe best strategy to deal with mycotoxins is to prevent their production and implement Good Agricultural Practices in their cultivation, storage, and transport stages throughout the food chain. However, in many cases, their occurrence in foodstuffs such as different grains and also animal-based foods like meat and milk by their contaminated feed threatens food safety and consumer health. Therefore, the most effective way is to inactivate and prevent the growth of the mycotoxin-producing fungi, followed by the degradation of mycotoxins without using chemicals as much as possible to maintain their nutritional value. Some thermal and non-thermal processes and a combination of them in the food industry may be useful strategies to reduce the risks raised by a variety of fungi like \u003Cem\u003E\u003Citalic xmlns:mml=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1998\u002FMath\u002FMathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1999\u002Fxlink\" xmlns:xsi=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2001\u002FXMLSchema-instance\"\u003EAspergillus, Penicillium\u003C\u002Fitalic\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E, etc., and their exerted mycotoxins like aflatoxins, ochratoxins, etc. in food products.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n","isPublished":false,"isOnlineFirst":true,"book":{"id":"1004044","title":"Research on Mycotoxins - From Mycotoxigenic Fungi to Innovative Strategies of Diagnosis, Control and Detoxification","coverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fintech-files.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fa043Y000011YN4SQAW\u002F0015948_TrikoderCover%20%282023-10-29%2016%3A53%3A59%29.jpg","isOpenForSubmission":false,"isPublished":false},"signatures":"Mehdi Fathollahi, Razieh Noroozi, Parisa Shavali-gilani and Ebrahim Molaee-aghaee"},{"id":"1190930","title":"Stem Cells for Therapy of Eye Diseases: Current Status","slug":null,"totalDownloads":0,"totalDimensionsCites":null,"doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.1007710","abstract":"\u003Cp id=\"p1\"\u003EIn recent years, the treatment of various ocular diseases using stem cells and stem cell-derived exosomes has rapidly evolved. In this chapter, we present the potential of different stem cells and their secreted extracellular vesicles for the treatment of ocular diseases based on a careful review of relevant pre-clinical and clinical studies. The regenerative and immunomodulatory capacity of stem cells is analyzed together with the complex role of extracellular vesicles in intercellular communication, regulation of inflammation, and tissue repair. In addition, the inevitable challenges in clinical translation and ethical considerations are presented. Thus, in this chapter, we highlight the importance of current advances in the field of stem cell-based therapy in ophthalmology, with a growing body of evidence confirming the potential of these therapeutic modalities not only to restore vision but also to inhibit the progression of various ocular diseases, promising a significant improvement in quality of patients’ life.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n","isPublished":false,"isOnlineFirst":true,"book":{"id":"1003856","title":"Stem Cell Transplantation","coverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fintech-files.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fa043Y000011YN1LQAW\u002F0015760_TrikoderCover%20%282023-10-30%2008%3A04%3A07%29.jpg","isOpenForSubmission":false,"isPublished":false},"signatures":"Zala Lužnik Marzidovšek, Janina Simončič, Petra Schollmayer, Elvira Maličev, Primož Rožman and Marko Hawlina"},{"id":"1191887","title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell Applications in General Surgery","slug":null,"totalDownloads":1,"totalDimensionsCites":null,"doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.1007381","abstract":"\u003Cp id=\"p1\"\u003EThe present review illustrates the state of the art of regenerative medicine (RM) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) as applied to surgical diseases and demonstrates that this field has the potential to address some of the unmet needs in surgery. RM is a multidisciplinary field whose purpose is to regenerate \u003Cem\u003E\u003Citalic xmlns:mml=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1998\u002FMath\u002FMathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1999\u002Fxlink\" xmlns:xsi=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2001\u002FXMLSchema-instance\"\u003Ein vivo\u003C\u002Fitalic\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E or \u003Cem\u003E\u003Citalic xmlns:mml=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1998\u002FMath\u002FMathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1999\u002Fxlink\" xmlns:xsi=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2001\u002FXMLSchema-instance\"\u003Eex vivo\u003C\u002Fitalic\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E human cells, tissues or organs in order to restore or establish normal function through exploitation of the potential to regenerate, which is intrinsic to human cells, tissues and organs. RM uses MSCs’ and\u002For specially designed biomaterials to reach its goals and RM-based therapies are already in use in several clinical trials in most fields of surgery. The main challenges for investigators are threefold: creation of an appropriate microenvironment \u003Cem\u003E\u003Citalic xmlns:mml=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1998\u002FMath\u002FMathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1999\u002Fxlink\" xmlns:xsi=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2001\u002FXMLSchema-instance\"\u003Eex vivo\u003C\u002Fitalic\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E that is able to sustain MSC physiology and function in order to generate the desired MSC cells or body parts; identification and appropriate manipulation of MSCs that have the potential to generate parenchymal, stromal and vascular components on demand, both \u003Cem\u003E\u003Citalic xmlns:mml=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1998\u002FMath\u002FMathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1999\u002Fxlink\" xmlns:xsi=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2001\u002FXMLSchema-instance\"\u003Ein vivo\u003C\u002Fitalic\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E and \u003Cem\u003E\u003Citalic xmlns:mml=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1998\u002FMath\u002FMathML\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F1999\u002Fxlink\" xmlns:xsi=\"http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3.org\u002F2001\u002FXMLSchema-instance\"\u003Eex vivo\u003C\u002Fitalic\u003E\u003C\u002Fem\u003E; and production of smart materials that are able to drive cell fate.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n","isPublished":false,"isOnlineFirst":true,"book":{"id":"1003856","title":"Stem Cell Transplantation","coverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fintech-files.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fa043Y000011YN1LQAW\u002F0015760_TrikoderCover%20%282023-10-30%2008%3A04%3A07%29.jpg","isOpenForSubmission":false,"isPublished":false},"signatures":"Vasiliki E. Kalodimou, Marios Kozakos and Maria Toumazou"},{"id":"1196200","title":"Impact of Climate Change on Broiler Chicken Productivity and Reproduction","slug":null,"totalDownloads":5,"totalDimensionsCites":null,"doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.1007447","abstract":"\u003Cp id=\"p2\"\u003EThis chapter investigates climate change’s impact on broiler chicken production and reproduction. With climate patterns shifting, poultry farming faces challenges in managing heat stress, ensuring reproductive success, and maintaining overall yield. The physiological responses of broiler chickens to changing environmental conditions, including temperature fluctuations and extreme events, will be explored. Additionally, adaptation strategies and management practices to mitigate these impacts will be discussed. By synthesizing existing literature and empirical evidence, this chapter aims to provide insights into understanding and addressing the complexities of climate change in the broiler chicken industry, offering pathways for sustainable poultry farming in a changing climate.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n","isPublished":false,"isOnlineFirst":true,"book":{"id":"1003573","title":"Modern Technology and Traditional Husbandry of Broiler Farming","coverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fintech-files.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fa043Y000010JzAwQAK\u002F0015477_TrikoderCover%20%282023-04-28%2008%3A13%3A03%29.jpg","isOpenForSubmission":true,"isPublished":false},"signatures":"Mohamed Nejib El Melki, Oussama Rhouma, Amal Barkouti and Housine Selmi"},{"id":"1200584","title":"Perspective Chapter: Mixed Shrimp Farming and Mangrove Landscapes – between Myth and Reality","slug":null,"totalDownloads":3,"totalDimensionsCites":null,"doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.1007508","abstract":"\u003Cp id=\"p1\"\u003EThe concept of landscape is polysemic and subjectively constructed. It comprises abstract and physical elements that shape landscape character and community’s identity. Recognizing a natural link between nature and community does not create the landscape; it makes people feel dependent on their environment that provides them with services. The landscape creates an unequal relationship of “co-dependence” between people and territory. Humanity has devised many rural productive landscapes, whether emulating natural processes or removing environmental constraints that might impede production. Shrimp in mangrove ecosystems have been cultivated in Sinaloa for over five centuries. However, it was only in the last decades that they were transformed into semi-intensive and intensive shrimp farming. The current yield is significantly higher than that obtained from shrimp fishery. An integrated landscape perspective of shrimp farming in mangrove ecosystems facilitates understanding of the advantages that both systems currently derive from each other. Restoring a mangrove to fully natural conditions is impossible; further fragmenting the mangrove is unacceptable; but creating a coherent landscape that conserves the mangrove with human activities is desirable and feasible. The objective of this work was to determine how mangrove-shrimp farm landscape helps each other to exist in a world where both are vulnerable.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\n","isPublished":false,"isOnlineFirst":true,"book":{"id":"1003709","title":"Advances in Coastal Ecology - Processes, Patterns, and Services","coverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fintech-files.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fa043Y00000xzFKuQAM\u002F0015613_TrikoderCover%20%282023-06-30%2009%3A00%3A58%29.jpg","isOpenForSubmission":false,"isPublished":false},"signatures":"Gerardo Rodríguez-Quiroz, Walter Hubbard-Zamudio and Pedro Joaquín Gutiérrez-Yurrita"}],"onlineFirstChaptersTotal":316},"preDownload":{"success":null,"errors":{}},"subscriptionForm":{"success":null,"errors":{}},"aboutIntechopen":{},"privacyPolicy":{},"cookiePolicy":{},"recruitmentPrivacyNotice":{},"peerReviewing":{},"howOpenAccessPublishingWithIntechopenWorks":{},"sponsorshipBooks":{"sponsorshipBooks":[],"offset":0,"limit":8,"total":null},"allSeries":{"pteSeriesList":[],"lsSeriesList":[],"hsSeriesList":[],"sshSeriesList":[],"testimonialsList":[]},"series":{"item":{"id":"30","title":"Civil Engineering","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.107195","issn":"3029-0287","scope":"\u003Cp\u003E\r\n\tCivil engineering is a traditional field of engineering from which most other branches of engineering have evolved. It comprises traditional sub-areas like transportation, structures, construction, geotechnics, water resources, and building materials. It also encompasses sustainability, risk, environment, and other concepts at its core. Historically, developments in civil engineering included traditional aspects of architecture and urban planning as well as practical applications from the construction industry. Most recently, many elements evolved from other fields of knowledge and topics like simulation, optimization, and decision science have been researched and applied to increase and evolve concepts and applications in this field. Civil engineering has evolved in the last years due to the demands of society in terms of the quality of its products, modern applications, official requirements, and cost and schedule restrictions. This series addresses real-life problems and applications of civil engineering and presents recent, cutting-edge research as well as traditional knowledge along with real-world examples of developments in the field.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E","coverUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.intechopen.com\u002Fseries\u002Fcovers\u002F30.jpg","latestPublicationDate":"November 26th, 2024","hasOnlineFirst":true,"numberOfPublishedBooks":10,"editor":{"id":"27454","title":"Prof.","name":"Assed","middleName":"N.","surname":"Haddad","slug":"assed-haddad","fullName":"Assed Haddad","cdnProfilePictureURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fcdnintech.com\u002Fmedia\u002Fauthor\u002F27454\u002F1712310365\u002Fprofile\u002Fimage1.jpg","biography":"Professor Assed N. Haddad is a Civil Engineer with a degree from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) earned in 1986, as well as a Juris Doctor degree from the Fluminense University Center earned in 1993, and a Master's degree in Civil Engineering from the Fluminense Federal University (UFF) obtained in 1992. He completed his Ph.D. in Production Engineering from COPPE \u002F Federal University of Rio de Janeiro in 1996. \r\nProfessor Haddad's academic pursuits have taken him to postdoctoral stays at the University of Florida, USA in 2006; at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain in 2010; and at the University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia in 2019. Currently, he serves as a Full Professor at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. He has held visiting professorships at various institutions including the University of Florida, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Western Sydney University. \r\nHis research expertise encompasses Civil, Environmental, and Production Engineering, with a primary focus on the following topics: Construction Engineering and Management, Risk Management, and Life Cycle Assessment. He has been the recipient of research grants from the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: CNE FAPERJ from 2019 to 2022 and from 2023 to 2025. Additionally, his research grants obtained from the Brazilian Government CNP since 2012 last to this date. \r\nProfessor Haddad has been involved in several academic endeavors, being the Guest Editor of the International Journal of Construction Management; MDPI's Sustainability, Energies, and Infrastructures; Associate Editor at Frontiers in Built Environment \u002F Sustainable Design and Construction; Guest Editor at Frontiers in Built Environment \u002F Construction Management; and Academic Editor of the Journal of Engineering, Civil Engineering Section of Hindawi. He is currently a Professor of the Environmental Engineering Program at UFRJ and the Civil Engineering Program at UFF.","institutionString":null,"institution":{"name":"Federal University of Rio de Janeiro","institutionURL":null,"country":{"name":"Brazil"}}},"editorTwo":null,"editorThree":null},"subseries":{},"overviewPageOFChapters":[],"overviewPagePublishedBooks":[],"openForSubmissionBooks":{},"onlineFirstChapters":{"paginationCount":14,"paginationItems":[{"id":"1189446","title":"Data-Driven Technologies for Eco-Efficient Dwelling: Light Steel Framing Volumetric Schemes","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.1007727","signatures":"Sergio Russo Ermolli, Giuliano Galluccio and Simona Pugliese","slug":null,"totalDownloads":3,"totalCrossrefCites":null,"totalDimensionsCites":null,"isPublished":false,"isOnlineFirst":true,"isDeactivated":0,"authors":[{"name":"Sergio","surname":"Russo Ermolli"},{"name":"Giuliano","surname":"Galluccio"},{"name":"Simona","surname":"Pugliese"}],"book":{"title":"Housing and Sustainability - Achieving a Sustainable Future","coverURL":"https:\u002F\u002Fintech-files.s3.amazonaws.com\u002Fa043Y000011YN0sQAG\u002F0015731_TrikoderCover%20%282023-10-30%2008%3A04%3A07%29.jpg","subseries":{"id":"108","title":"Construction Engineering"}}},{"id":"1192653","title":"Integrating Nature-Based Solutions and Green Building Standards in Healthcare Facilities in Winnipeg, Canada","doi":"10.5772\u002Fintechopen.1007403","signatures":"Rosemary C. 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