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area</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: effective area"> <meta name="keywords" content="effective area"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="effective area"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 17343</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: effective area</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17343</span> Designing a Dispersion Flattened Single Mode PCF for E-Band to U-Band with Less Effective Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabbir%20Chowdhury">Shabbir Chowdhury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A signal is broadened when it is gone through a channel, this phenomenon is known as dispersion. And dispersion is different for different wavelength. So bandwidth become limited. Research have tried to design an optical fiber with flattened dispersion to use more bandwidth and also for wavelength division multiplexing. In this paper, a single mode photonic crystal fiber with a flattened dispersion and less effective area has been proposed where silica is used as fiber materials. The effective dispersion varies from -1.996 to 0.1783 [ps/(nm-km)] for enter E-band to U-band. This fiber will take only 3.048 [micrometer^2] (for 1.75 micrometer wavelength). Silica is being used as the fiber material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photonic%20crystal%20fiber" title="photonic crystal fiber">photonic crystal fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion" title=" dispersion"> dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bandwidth" title=" bandwidth"> bandwidth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromatic%20dispersion" title=" chromatic dispersion"> chromatic dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20dispersion" title=" effective dispersion"> effective dispersion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dispersion%20compensation" title=" dispersion compensation"> dispersion compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20area" title=" effective area"> effective area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20refractive%20index" title=" effective refractive index"> effective refractive index</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51092/designing-a-dispersion-flattened-single-mode-pcf-for-e-band-to-u-band-with-less-effective-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51092.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17342</span> Loudspeaker Parameters Inverse Problem for Improving Sound Frequency Response Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20T.%20Tsai">Y. T. Tsai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jin%20H.%20Huang"> Jin H. Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The sound pressure level (SPL) of the moving-coil loudspeaker (MCL) is often simulated and analyzed using the lumped parameter model. However, the SPL of a MCL cannot be simulated precisely in the high frequency region, because the value of cone effective area is changed due to the geometry variation in different mode shapes, it is also related to affect the acoustic radiation mass and resistance. Herein, the paper presents the inverse method which has a high ability to measure the value of cone effective area in various frequency points, also can estimate the MCL electroacoustic parameters simultaneously. The proposed inverse method comprises the direct problem, adjoint problem, and sensitivity problem in collaboration with nonlinear conjugate gradient method. Estimated values from the inverse method are validated experimentally which compared with the measured SPL curve result. Results presented in this paper not only improve the accuracy of lumped parameter model but also provide the valuable information on loudspeaker cone design. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inverse%20problem" title="inverse problem">inverse problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cone%20effective%20area" title=" cone effective area"> cone effective area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loudspeaker" title=" loudspeaker"> loudspeaker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20conjugate%20gradient%20method" title=" nonlinear conjugate gradient method"> nonlinear conjugate gradient method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7816/loudspeaker-parameters-inverse-problem-for-improving-sound-frequency-response-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7816.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17341</span> Development of Model for Effective Sub- District Municipality Wastewater Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vitool%20Suksankavanich">Vitool Suksankavanich</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This preliminary research aimed to explore the development of wastewater management of Bang Pu Sub- District Municipality, Samutprakan Province, in order to establish appropriate model for effective wastewater management that fit to the context of the area. The research posed three questions: [i] to what extent the promotion of social responsibility awareness built among the local community resulted in effectiveness of the local wastewater management; [ii] did the waste disposal management of Bang Pu Industrial Estate contribute to the overall environmental quality of Bang Pu Sub- District Municipality; and [iii] did the relationship between the community and the industrial factories have any effect on the wastewater management. The in- depth interview revealed main obstacles occurred in the process of wastewater management in the area. The fieldwork also contributed to a product of an appropriate model of effective wastewater management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=legitimacy%20theory" title="legitimacy theory">legitimacy theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stakeholder%20theory" title=" stakeholder theory"> stakeholder theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20responsibility" title=" social responsibility"> social responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20management" title=" wastewater management"> wastewater management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34538/development-of-model-for-effective-sub-district-municipality-wastewater-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17340</span> Multi-Level Framework for Effective Use of Stock Ordering System: Case Study of Small Enterprises in Kgautswane</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lethamaga%20Tladi">Lethamaga Tladi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ray%20Kekwaletswe"> Ray Kekwaletswe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study sought to conceptualise a multi-level framework for the effective use of stock ordering system in small enterprises in a rural area context. The interpretive research methodology has been used to enable the researcher to analyse, in-depth, and the subjective meanings of small enterprises’ employees in using the stock ordering system. The empirical data was collected from 13 small enterprises’ employees as participants through semi-structured interviews and observations. Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) approach was used to analyse the small enterprises’ employee’s own account of lived experiences in relations to stock ordering system use in terms of their relatedness to, and cognitive engagement with. A case study of Kgautswane, a rural area in Limpopo Province, South Africa, served as a social context where the phenomenon manifested. Technology-Organisation-Environment Theory (TOE), Technology-to-Performance Chain Model (TPC), and Representation Theory (RT) underpinned this study. In this multi-level study, the findings revealed that; At the organisational level, the effective use of stock ordering system was found to be associated with the organisational performance gains such as efficiency, productivity, quality, competitiveness, and market share. Equally so, at the individual level, the effective use of stock ordering system minimised the end-user’s efforts and time to accomplish their tasks, which yields improved individual performance. The Multi-level framework for effective use of stock ordering system was presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20use" title="effective use">effective use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-dimensions%20of%20use" title=" multi-dimensions of use"> multi-dimensions of use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-level%20of%20use" title=" multi-level of use"> multi-level of use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-level%20research" title=" multi-level research"> multi-level research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20enterprises" title=" small enterprises"> small enterprises</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stock%20ordering%20system" title=" stock ordering system"> stock ordering system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141464/multi-level-framework-for-effective-use-of-stock-ordering-system-case-study-of-small-enterprises-in-kgautswane" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141464.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17339</span> Numerical Investigation on Tsunami Suppression by Submerged Breakwater </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tasuku%20Hongo">Tasuku Hongo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroya%20Mamori"> Hiroya Mamori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naoya%20Fukushima"> Naoya Fukushima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makoto%20Yamamoto"> Makoto Yamamoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A tsunami induced by an earthquake gives a severe disaster in coastal area. As well known, the huge earthquake in Japan 2011 induced a huge tsunami and the tsunami caused serious damage in the Tohoku and Kanto area. Although breakwaters were constructed in the coast to suppress the tsunami, these were collapsed, and it resulted in severe disasters. In order to decrease the tsunami disaster, we propose the submerged breakwaters and investigate its effect on the tsunami behavior by means of numerical simulations. In order to reproduce tsunami and capture its interface, we employed a moving particle method which is one of the Lagragian methods. Different from ordinary breakwaters, the present breakwater is located in the under-sea. An effective installation condition is investigated by the parametric study. The results show that the submerged breakwater can decrease the wave force by the tsunami. Moreover, the combination of two submerged breakwaters can reduce the tsunami safely and effectively. Therefore, the present results give the effective condition of the installation of the under-sea breakwaters and its mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coastal%20area" title="coastal area">coastal area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tsunami%20force%20reduction" title=" tsunami force reduction"> tsunami force reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MPS%20method" title=" MPS method"> MPS method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=submerged%20breakwater" title=" submerged breakwater"> submerged breakwater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88772/numerical-investigation-on-tsunami-suppression-by-submerged-breakwater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17338</span> Meniscus Guided Film Coating for Large-Area Perovskite Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gizachew%20Belay%20Adugna">Gizachew Belay Adugna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Tai%20Tao"> Yu-Tai Tao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been gaining impressive progress with excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.5% in small-area devices. However, the conventional film coating approach is not applicable to large-area module fabrication. Meniscus-guided coating, including blade coating, slot-die coating, and bar coating, is solution processing and promising for large-area and cost-effective film coating to industrial-scale PSCs. Here, we develop simple and scalable solution shearing (SS) and bar coating (BC) methods to coat all layers on large-area (10x10 cm²) substrate in FTO/c-TiO₂/mp-TiO₂/ CH₃NH₃PbI₃/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag device structure, except the Ag electrode. All solution-sheared PSC exhibited a champion power conversion efficiency of 15.89% in the conational DMF/DMSO solvent. Whereas a very high PCE of 20.30% compared to the controlled spin-coated device (SC, 17.60%) was achieved from the large area sheared perovskite film in a green ACN/MA solvent. Similarly, a remarkable PCE of 18.50% was achieved for a device fabricated from a large-area perovskite film in a simpler and more compatible Bar-coating system. This strategy demonstrates the huge potential for module fabrication and future PSC commercialization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Perovskite%20solar%20cells" title="Perovskite solar cells">Perovskite solar cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=larger%20area%20film%20coating" title=" larger area film coating"> larger area film coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meniscus-guided%20film%20coating" title=" meniscus-guided film coating"> meniscus-guided film coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solution-shearing" title=" solution-shearing"> solution-shearing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bar-coating" title=" bar-coating"> bar-coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20conversion%20efficiency" title=" power conversion efficiency"> power conversion efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168010/meniscus-guided-film-coating-for-large-area-perovskite-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168010.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17337</span> Urban Impervious and its Impact on Storm Water Drainage Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratul%20Das">Ratul Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Udit%20Narayan%20Das"> Udit Narayan Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Surface imperviousness in urban area brings significant changes in storm water drainage systems and some recent studies reveals that the impervious surfaces that passes the storm water runoff directly to drainage systems through storm water collection systems, called directly connected impervious area (DCIA) is an effective parameter rather than total impervious areas (TIA) for computation of surface runoff. In the present study, extension of DCIA and TIA were computed for a small sub-urban area of Agartala, the capital of state Tripura. Total impervious surfaces covering the study area were identified on the existing storm water drainage map from landuse map of the study area in association with field assessments. Also, DCIA assessed through field survey were compared to DCIA computed by empirical relationships provided by other investigators. For the assessment of DCIA in the study area two methods were adopted. First, partitioning the study area into four drainage sub-zones based on average basin slope and laying of existing storm water drainage systems. In the second method, the entire study area was divided into small grids. Each grid or parcel comprised of 20m× 20m area. Total impervious surfaces were delineated from landuse map in association with on-site assessments for efficient determination of DCIA within each sub-area and grid. There was a wide variation in percent connectivity of TIA across each sub-drainage zone and grid. In the present study, total impervious area comprises 36.23% of the study area, in which 21.85% of the total study area is connected to storm water collection systems. Total pervious area (TPA) and others comprise 53.20% and 10.56% of the total area, respectively. TIA recorded by field assessment (36.23%) was considerably higher than that calculated from the available land use map (22%). From the analysis of recoded data, it is observed that the average percentage of connectivity (% DCIA with respect to TIA) is 60.31 %. The analysis also reveals that the observed DCIA lies below the line of optimal impervious surface connectivity for a sub-urban area provided by other investigators and which indicate the probable reason of water logging conditions in many parts of the study area during monsoon period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Drainage" title="Drainage">Drainage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imperviousness" title=" imperviousness"> imperviousness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=runoff" title=" runoff"> runoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=storm%20water." title=" storm water. "> storm water. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32749/urban-impervious-and-its-impact-on-storm-water-drainage-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32749.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17336</span> Identifying and Evaluating the Effectiveness of Communication Channels between Employees and Management Based on the EFQM Excellence Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrdad%20Hosseinishakib">Mehrdad Hosseinishakib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mozhgan%20Chakani"> Mozhgan Chakani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gholamreza%20Babaei"> Gholamreza Babaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to investigate the relationship between the bilateral communication channels, communication technologies with effective communications and communication technologies, employee participation in motivated decision-making of employees using the EFQM excellence model in Education Organization of Area 4 in Karaj. This research is an applied research in terms of the purpose and is a descriptive survey research in terms of nature and method and assesses the current situation using field studies. The statistical population consists of all employees and managers of Education Organization of Area 4 in Karaj including 5442 persons and random sampling was used and sample size is 359 using Cochran formula. Measurement tool is a researcher-made questionnaire with 20 questions including two categories of expertise and general questions. The first category includes general questions about respondents' personal characteristics such as gender and level of education, work experience and courses of study. The second category includes expertise questions of the questionnaire that have been designed to test research hypotheses that its reliability was approved by Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.916 and its validity was approved according to the vies of teachers and some senior managers of Education Organization of Area 4 in Karaj. The results of the analysis of the findings show that there is a significant relationship between mutual communication channels, communication technologies with effective communication between employees and management. There is also a significant relationship between communication technologies and employee motivation and employee participation in their motivated decision-making in Education Organization of Area 4 in Karaj. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication%20channels" title="communication channels">communication channels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20communication" title=" effective communication"> effective communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EFQM%20model" title=" EFQM model"> EFQM model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA" title=" ANOVA"> ANOVA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71968/identifying-and-evaluating-the-effectiveness-of-communication-channels-between-employees-and-management-based-on-the-efqm-excellence-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71968.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17335</span> Investigating the Effective Parameters in Determining the Type of Traffic Congestion Pricing Schemes in Urban Streets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Sayyad%20Hagh%20Shomar">Saeed Sayyad Hagh Shomar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traffic congestion pricing – as a strategy in travel demand management in urban areas to reduce traffic congestion, air pollution and noise pollution – has drawn many attentions towards itself. Unlike the satisfying findings in this method, there are still problems in determining the best functional congestion pricing scheme with regard to the situation. The so-called problems in this process will result in further complications and even the scheme failure. That is why having proper knowledge of the significance of congestion pricing schemes and the effective factors in choosing them can lead to the success of this strategy. In this study, first, a variety of traffic congestion pricing schemes and their components are introduced; then, their functional usage is discussed. Next, by analyzing and comparing the barriers, limitations and advantages, the selection criteria of pricing schemes are described. The results, accordingly, show that the selection of the best scheme depends on various parameters. Finally, based on examining the effective parameters, it is concluded that the implementation of area-based schemes (cordon and zonal) has been more successful in non-diversion of traffic. That is considering the topology of the cities and the fact that traffic congestion is often created in the city centers, area-based schemes would be notably functional and appropriate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congestion%20pricing" title="congestion pricing">congestion pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20management" title=" demand management"> demand management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flat%20toll" title=" flat toll"> flat toll</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20toll" title=" variable toll"> variable toll</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94312/investigating-the-effective-parameters-in-determining-the-type-of-traffic-congestion-pricing-schemes-in-urban-streets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94312.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17334</span> The Checkout and Separation of Environmental Hazards of the Range Overlooking the Meshkin City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Esfandyari%20Darabad">F. Esfandyari Darabad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Samadi"> Z. Samadi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural environments have always been affected by one of the most important natural hazards, which is called, the mass movements that cause instability. Identifying the unstable regions and separating them so as to detect and determine the risk of environmental factors is one of the important issues in mountainous areas development. In this study, the northwest of Sabalan hillsides overlooking the Meshkin city and the surrounding area of that have been delimitated, in order to analyze the range processes such as landslides and debris flows based on structural and geomorphological conditions, by means of using GIS. This area due to the high slope of the hillsides and height of the region and the poor localization of roads and so because of them destabilizing the ranges own an inappropriate situation. This study is done with the purpose of identifying the effective factors in the range motion and determining the areas with high potential for zoning these movements by using GIS. The results showed that the most common range movements in the area, are debris flows, rocks falling and landslides. The effective factors in each one of the mass movements, considering a small amount of weight for each factor, the weight map of each factor and finally, the map of risk zoning for the range movements were provided. Based on the zoning map resulted in the study area, the risking level of damaging has specified into the four zones of very high risk, high risk, medium risk, low risk, in which areas with very high and high risk are settled near the road and along the Khyav river and in the  mountainous district. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=debris%20flow" title="debris flow">debris flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20hazards" title=" environmental hazards"> environmental hazards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS" title=" GIS"> GIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landslide" title=" landslide"> landslide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33262/the-checkout-and-separation-of-environmental-hazards-of-the-range-overlooking-the-meshkin-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33262.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">525</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17333</span> Reducing the Urban Heat Island Effect by Urban Design Strategies: Case Study of Aksaray Square in Istanbul</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Busra%20Ekinci">Busra Ekinci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Urban heat island term becomes one of the most important problem in urban areas as a reflection of global warming in local scale last years. Many communities and governments are taking action to reduce heat island effects on urban areas where the half of the world's population live today. At this point, urban design turned out to be an important practice and research area for providing an environmentally sensitive urban development. In this study, mitigating strategies of urban heat island effects by urban design are investigated in Aksaray Square and surroundings in Istanbul. Aksaray is an important historical and commercial center of Istanbul, which has an increasing density due to be the node of urban transportation. Also, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality prepared an urban design project to respond the needs of growing population in the area for 2018. The purpose of the study is emphasizing the importance of urban design objectives and strategies that are developed to reduce the heat island effects on urban areas. Depending on this, the urban heat island effect of the area was examined based on the albedo (reflectivity) parameter which is the most effective parameter in the formation of the heat island effect in urban areas. Albedo values were calculated by Albedo Viewer web application model that was developed by Energy and Environmental Engineering Department of Kyushu University in Japan. Albedo parameter had examined for the present situation and the planned situation with urban design project. The results show that, the current area has urban heat island potential. With the Aksaray Square Project, the heat island effect on the area can be reduced, but would not be completely prevented. Therefore, urban design strategies had been developed to reduce the island effect in addition to the urban design project of the area. This study proves that urban design objectives and strategies are quite effective to reduce the heat island effects, which negatively affect the social environment and quality of life in urban areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Albedo" title="Albedo">Albedo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20design" title=" urban design"> urban design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20heat%20island" title=" urban heat island"> urban heat island</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20design" title=" sustainable design"> sustainable design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63178/reducing-the-urban-heat-island-effect-by-urban-design-strategies-case-study-of-aksaray-square-in-istanbul" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">580</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17332</span> Cellular Mobile Telecommunication GSM Radio Base Station Network Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Alzahrani">Saeed Alzahrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaser%20Miaji"> Yaser Miaji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The project involves the design and simulation of a Mobile Cellular Telecommunication Network using the software tool CelPlanner. The design is mainly concerned with Global System for Mobile Communications . The design and simulation of the network is done for a small part of the area allocated for us in the terrain area of Shreveport city .The project is concerned with designing a network that is cost effective and which also efficiently meets the required Grade of Service (GOS) AND Quality of Service (QOS).The expected outcome of this project is the design of a network that gives a good coverage for the area allocated to us with minimum co-channel interference and adjacent channel interference. The Handover and Traffic Handling Capacity should also be taken into consideration and should be good for the given area . The Traffic Handling Capacity of the network in a way decides whether the designed network is good or bad . The design also takes into consideration the topographical and morphological information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20communication" title="mobile communication">mobile communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GSM" title=" GSM"> GSM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20base%20station" title=" radio base station"> radio base station</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20planning" title=" network planning"> network planning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28246/cellular-mobile-telecommunication-gsm-radio-base-station-network-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28246.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17331</span> Reservoir Characterization using Comparative Petrophysical Testing Approach Acquired with Facies Architecture Properties Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Axel%20Priambodo">Axel Priambodo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwiharso%20Nugroho"> Dwiharso Nugroho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Studies conducted to map the reservoir properties based on facies architecture in which to determine the distribution of the petrophysical properties and calculate hydrocarbon reserves in study interval. Facies Architecture analysis begins with stratigraphic correlation that indicates the area is divided into different system tracts. The analysis of distribution patterns and compiling core analysis with facies architecture model show that there are three estuarine facies appear. Formation evaluation begins with shale volume calculation using Asquith-Krygowski and Volan Triangle Method. Proceed to the calculation of the total and effective porosity using the Bateman-Konen and Volan Triangle Method. After getting the value of the porosity calculation was continued to determine the effective water saturation and non-effective by including parameters of water resistivity and resistivity clay. The results of the research show that the Facies Architecture on the field in divided into three main facies which are Estuarine Channel, Estuarine Sand Bar, and Tidal Flat. The petrophysics analysis are done by comparing different methods also shows that the Volan Triangle Method does not give a better result of the Volume Shale than the Gamma Ray Method, but on the other hand, the Volan Triangle Methode is better on calculating porosity compared to the Bateman-Konen Method. The effective porosity distributions are affected by the distribution of the facies. Estuarine Sand Bar has a low porosity number and Estuarine Channel has a higher number of the porosity. The effective water saturation is controlled by structure where on the closure zone the water saturation is lower than the area beneath it. It caused by the hydrocarbon accumulation on the closure zone. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petrophysics" title="petrophysics">petrophysics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geology" title=" geology"> geology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum" title=" petroleum"> petroleum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoir" title=" reservoir "> reservoir </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51757/reservoir-characterization-using-comparative-petrophysical-testing-approach-acquired-with-facies-architecture-properties-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51757.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17330</span> A User-Friendly Approach for Design and Economic Analysis of Standalone PV System for the Electrification of Rural Area of Eritrea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tedros%20Asefaw%20Gebremeskel">Tedros Asefaw Gebremeskel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xaoyi%20Yang"> Xaoyi Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The potential of solar energy in Eritrea is relatively high, based on this truth, there are a number of isolated and remote villages situated far away from the electrical national grid which don’t get access to electricity. The core objective of this work is to design a most favorable and cost-effective power by means of standalone PV system for the electrification of a single housing in the inaccessible area of Eritrea. The sizing of the recommended PV system is achieved, such as radiation data and electrical load for the typical household of the selected site is also well thought-out in the design steps. Finally, the life cycle cost (LCC) analysis is conducted to evaluate the economic viability of the system. The outcome of the study promote the use of PV system for a residential building and show that PV system is a reasonable option to provide electricity for household applications in the rural area of Eritrea. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrification" title="electrification">electrification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inaccessible%20area" title=" inaccessible area"> inaccessible area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost" title=" life cycle cost"> life cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20building" title=" residential building"> residential building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stand-alone%20PV%20system" title=" stand-alone PV system"> stand-alone PV system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110981/a-user-friendly-approach-for-design-and-economic-analysis-of-standalone-pv-system-for-the-electrification-of-rural-area-of-eritrea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110981.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17329</span> Governance of Clean Energy in Rural Northwest Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inayatullah%20Jan">Inayatullah Jan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidra%20Pervez"> Sidra Pervez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effective institutional arrangements at local and national levels are quintessential for promotion of renewable energy in a country. This study attempts to examine the institutional arrangements for development of domestic renewable energy in rural northwest Pakistan. The study describes that very limited number of public and private organizations were working on clean development in the area. Surprisingly, no institutional arrangements exclusively meant for domestic clean energy promotion were observed in the area. The study concludes that the objectives of Kyoto Protocol in Pakistan can be achieved only if the government and non-governmental organizations work together to launch cost-effective renewable energy interventions, particularly in rural areas. The need is to have a coordinated, consistent, and focused cooperation of all stakeholders involved in promotion of domestic renewable energy at all levels. This will not only improve the socioeconomic and environmental conditions in the local context, but will play a key role in achieving the United Nations Millennium Development Goals(MDGs). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=governance" title="governance">governance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20energy" title=" clean energy"> clean energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=greenhouse%20gases" title=" greenhouse gases"> greenhouse gases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDM" title=" CDM"> CDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Northwest%20Pakistan" title=" Northwest Pakistan"> Northwest Pakistan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14818/governance-of-clean-energy-in-rural-northwest-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">388</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17328</span> Study on Planning of Smart GRID Using Landscape Ecology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunglim%20Lee">Sunglim Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susumu%20Fujii"> Susumu Fujii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koji%20Okamura"> Koji Okamura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Smart grid is a new approach for electric power grid that uses information and communications technology to control the electric power grid. Smart grid provides real-time control of the electric power grid, controlling the direction of power flow or time of the flow. Control devices are installed on the power lines of the electric power grid to implement smart grid. The number of the control devices should be determined, in relation with the area one control device covers and the cost associated with the control devices. One approach to determine the number of the control devices is to use the data on the surplus power generated by home solar generators. In current implementations, the surplus power is sent all the way to the power plant, which may cause power loss. To reduce the power loss, the surplus power may be sent to a control device and sent to where the power is needed from the control device. Under assumption that the control devices are installed on a lattice of equal size squares, our goal is to figure out the optimal spacing between the control devices, where the power sharing area (the area covered by one control device) is kept small to avoid power loss, and at the same time the power sharing area is big enough to have no surplus power wasted. To achieve this goal, a simulation using landscape ecology method is conducted on a sample area. First an aerial photograph of the land of interest is turned into a mosaic map where each area is colored according to the ratio of the amount of power production to the amount of power consumption in the area. The amount of power consumption is estimated according to the characteristics of the buildings in the area. The power production is calculated by the sum of the area of the roofs shown in the aerial photograph and assuming that solar panels are installed on all the roofs. The mosaic map is colored in three colors, each color representing producer, consumer, and neither. We started with a mosaic map with 100 m grid size, and the grid size is grown until there is no red grid. One control device is installed on each grid, so that the grid is the area which the control device covers. As the result of this simulation we got 350 m as the optimal spacing between the control devices that makes effective use of the surplus power for the sample area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landscape%20ecology" title="landscape ecology">landscape ecology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IT" title=" IT"> IT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20grid" title=" smart grid"> smart grid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aerial%20photograph" title=" aerial photograph"> aerial photograph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3371/study-on-planning-of-smart-grid-using-landscape-ecology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17327</span> Modelling Urban Rigidity and Elasticity Growth Boundaries: A Spatial Constraints-Suitability Based Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pengcheng%20Xiang%20Jr.">Pengcheng Xiang Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xueqing%20Sun"> Xueqing Sun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Ngoduy"> Dong Ngoduy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the context of rapid urbanization, urban sprawl has brought about extensive negative impacts on ecosystems and the environment, resulting in a gradual shift from "incremental growth" to ‘stock growth’ in cities. A detailed urban growth boundary is a prerequisite for urban renewal and management. This study takes Shenyang City, China, as the study area and evaluates the spatial distribution of urban spatial suitability in the study area from the perspective of spatial constraints-suitability using multi-source data and simulates the future rigid and elastic growth boundaries of the city in the study area using the CA-Markov model. The results show that (1) the suitable construction area and moderate construction area in the study area account for 8.76% and 19.01% of the total area, respectively, and the suitable construction area and moderate construction area show a trend of distribution from the urban centre to the periphery, mainly in Shenhe District, the southern part of Heping District, the western part of Dongling District, and the central part of Dadong District; (2) the area of expansion of construction land in the study area in the period of 2023-2030 is 153274.6977hm2, accounting for 44.39% of the total area of the study area; (3) the rigid boundary of the study area occupies an area of 153274.6977 hm2, accounting for 44.39% of the total area of the study area, and the elastic boundary of the study area contains an area of 75362.61 hm2, accounting for 21.69% of the total area of the study area. The study constructed a method for urban growth boundary delineation, which helps to apply remote sensing to guide future urban spatial growth management and urban renewal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20growth%20boundary" title="urban growth boundary">urban growth boundary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20constraints" title=" spatial constraints"> spatial constraints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spatial%20suitability" title=" spatial suitability"> spatial suitability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20sprawl" title=" urban sprawl"> urban sprawl</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187421/modelling-urban-rigidity-and-elasticity-growth-boundaries-a-spatial-constraints-suitability-based-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187421.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">32</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17326</span> Land Suitability Approach as an Effort to Design a Sustainable Tourism Area in Pacet Mojokerto</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erina%20Wulansari">Erina Wulansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bambang%20Soemardiono"> Bambang Soemardiono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ispurwono%20Soemarno"> Ispurwono Soemarno</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Designing sustainable tourism area is defined as an attempt to design an area, that brings the natural environmental conditions as components are available with a wealth of social conditions and the conservation of natural and cultural heritage. To understanding tourism area in this study is not only focus on the location of the tourist object, but rather to a tourist attraction around the area, tourism objects such as the existence of residential area (settlement), a commercial area, public service area, and the natural environmental area. The principle of success in designing a sustainable tourism area is able to integrate and balance between the limited space and the variety of activities that’s always continuously to growth up. The limited space in this area of tourism needs to be managed properly to minimize the damage of environmental as a result of tourism activities hue. This research aims to identify space in this area of tourism through land suitability approach as an effort to create a sustainable design, especially in terms of ecological. This study will be used several analytical techniques to achieve the research objectives as superimposing analysis with GIS 9.3 software and Analysis Hierarchy Process. Expected outcomes are in the form of classification and criteria of usable space in designing embodiment tourism area. In addition, this study can provide input to the order of settlement patterns as part of the environment in the area of sustainable tourism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20tourism%20area" title="sustainable tourism area">sustainable tourism area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=land%20suitability" title=" land suitability"> land suitability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limited%20space" title=" limited space"> limited space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criteria" title=" criteria"> criteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28098/land-suitability-approach-as-an-effort-to-design-a-sustainable-tourism-area-in-pacet-mojokerto" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17325</span> Effect of Selenite and Selenate Uptake by Maize Plants on Specific Leaf Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Garousi">F. Garousi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sz.%20Veres"> Sz. Veres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%89.%20B%C3%B3di"> É. Bódi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sz.%20V%C3%A1rallyay"> Sz. Várallyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Kov%C3%A1cs"> B. Kovács</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Specific leaf area (SLA; cm2leaf g-1leaf) is a key ecophysiological parameter influencing leaf physiology, photosynthesis, and whole plant carbon gain and also can be used as a rapid and diagnostic tool. In this study, two species of soluble inorganic selenium forms, selenite (SeIV) and selenate (SeVI) at different concentrations were investigated on maize plants that were growing in nutrient solutions during 2 weeks and at the end of the experiment, amounts of SLA for first and second leaves of maize were measured. In accordance with the results we observed that our regarded Se concentrations in both forms of SeIV and SeVI were not effective on maize plants’ SLA significantly although high level of 3 mg.kg-1 SeIV had negative affect on growth of the samples that had been treated by it but about SeVI samples we did not observe this state and our different considered SeVI concentrations were not toxic for maize plants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize" title="maize">maize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20selenate" title=" sodium selenate"> sodium selenate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20selenite" title=" sodium selenite"> sodium selenite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20leaf%20area" title=" specific leaf area "> specific leaf area </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21223/effect-of-selenite-and-selenate-uptake-by-maize-plants-on-specific-leaf-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21223.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17324</span> Repositioning Nigerian University Libraries for Effective Information Provision and Delivery in This Age of Globalization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20O.%20Uwaifo">S. O. Uwaifo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper examines the pivotal role of the library in university education through the provision of a wide range of information materials (print and non- print) required for the teaching, learning and research activities of the university. However certain impediments to the effectiveness of Nigerian university libraries, such as financial constraints, high foreign exchange, global disparities in accessing the internet, lack of local area networks, erratic electric power supply, absence of ICT literacy, poor maintenance culture, etc., were identified. Also, the necessity of repositioning Nigerian university libraries for effective information provision and delivery was stressed by pointing out their dividends, such as users’ access to Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC), Institutional Repositories, Electronic Document Delivery, Social Media Networks, etc. It therefore becomes necessary for the libraries to be repositioned by way of being adequately automated or digitized for effective service delivery, in this age of globalization. Based on the identified barriers by this paper, some recommendations were proffered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=repositioning" title="repositioning">repositioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigerian%20university%20libraries" title=" Nigerian university libraries"> Nigerian university libraries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20information%20%20provision%20and%20delivery" title=" effective information provision and delivery"> effective information provision and delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalization" title=" globalization"> globalization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63818/repositioning-nigerian-university-libraries-for-effective-information-provision-and-delivery-in-this-age-of-globalization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63818.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17323</span> A Study of Industrial Symbiosis and Implementation of Indigenous Circular Economy Technique on an Indian Industrial Area</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Gokulram">A. Gokulram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Industrial waste is often categorized as commercial and non-commercial waste by market value. In many Indian industries and other industrialized countries, the commercial value waste is capitalized and non-commercial waste is dumped to landfill. A lack of adequate research on industrial waste leads to the failure of effective resource management and the non-commercial waste are being considered as commercially non-viable residues. The term Industrial symbiosis refers to the direct inter-firm reuse or exchange of material and energy resource. The resource efficiency of commercial waste is mainly followed by an informal symbiosis in our research area. Some Industrial residues are reused within the facility where they are generated, others are reused directly nearby industrial facilities and some are recycled via the formal and informal market. The act of using industrial waste as a resource for another product faces challenges in India. This research study has observed a major negligence of trust and communication among several bodies to implement effective circular economy in India. This study applies interviewing process across researchers, government bodies, industrialist and designers to understand the challenges of circular economy in India. The study area encompasses an industrial estate in Ahmedabad in the state of Gujarat which comprises of 1200 industries. The research study primarily focuses on making industrial waste as commercial ready resource and implementing Indigenous sustainable practice in modern context to improve resource efficiency. This study attempted to initiate waste exchange platform among several industrialist and used varied methodologies from mail questionnaire to telephone survey. This study makes key suggestions to policy change and sustainable finance to improve circular economy in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20resource%20management" title="effective resource management">effective resource management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20policy" title=" environmental policy"> environmental policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indigenous%20technique" title=" indigenous technique"> indigenous technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20symbiosis" title=" industrial symbiosis"> industrial symbiosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20finance" title=" sustainable finance"> sustainable finance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101937/a-study-of-industrial-symbiosis-and-implementation-of-indigenous-circular-economy-technique-on-an-indian-industrial-area" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101937.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17322</span> Influence of Orientation in Complex Building Architecture in Various Climatic Regions in Winter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Alwetaishi">M. Alwetaishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giulia%20Sonetti"> Giulia Sonetti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is architecturally accepted that building form and design is considered as one of the most important aspects in affecting indoor temperature. The total area of building plan might be identical, but the design will have a major influence on the total area of external walls. This will have a clear impact on the amount of heat exchange with outdoor. Moreover, it will affect the position and area of glazing system. This has not received enough consideration in research by the specialists, since most of the publications are highlighting the impact of building envelope in terms of physical heat transfer in buildings. This research will investigate the impact of orientation of various building forms in various climatic regions. It will be concluded that orientation and glazing to wall ratio were recognized to be the most effective variables despite the shape of the building. However, linear ad radial forms were found more appropriate shapes almost across the continent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architectural%20building%20design" title="architectural building design">architectural building design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20form" title=" building form"> building form</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20design%20in%20different%20climate" title=" building design in different climate"> building design in different climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20air%20temperature" title=" indoor air temperature"> indoor air temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71067/influence-of-orientation-in-complex-building-architecture-in-various-climatic-regions-in-winter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71067.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17321</span> A Comparative Study of Localized Rainfall and Air Pollution between the Urban Area of Sungai Penchala with Sub-Urban and Green Area in Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20N.%20Ahmad">Mohd N. Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lariyah%20Mohd%20Sidek"> Lariyah Mohd Sidek</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study had shown that Sungai Penchala (urban) was experiencing localized rainfall and hazardous air pollution due to urbanization. The high rainfall that partly added by localized rain had been seen as a threat of causing the flash floods and water quality deterioration in the area. The air pollution that consisted of mainly particulate matter (PM10), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) gave an alarming air pollution index (API) to the surrounding area. Comparison among urban area (Sungai Penchala), sub-urban (Gombak), and green areas (Jerantut plus Temerloh) with respect to the rainfall parameters and air pollutants, it was found that the degree of intensities of the parameters was positively related with the urbanization. The air pollutants especially NO2, SO2, and CO were in tandem with the increase of the rainfall. Specifically, if the water catchment area is physically near to the urban area, then the authorities need to look into related urban development program by considering the management of emitted pollutants with respect to the ecological setting of the urban area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title="urbanization">urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20area%20localized%20rainfall" title=" green area localized rainfall"> green area localized rainfall</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title=" air pollution"> air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-urban%20area" title=" sub-urban area"> sub-urban area</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7841/a-comparative-study-of-localized-rainfall-and-air-pollution-between-the-urban-area-of-sungai-penchala-with-sub-urban-and-green-area-in-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">520</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17320</span> Compact Settlement: The Direction of Chinese Future Urban Residential Area Sustainable Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yajing%20Jiang">Yajing Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Wu"> Jing Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Residential area construction links many problems such as population resources, ecology, social values, public services and transportation in the city. After Chinese housing reform, a large number of residential area development accompanied by the loss of agricultural and ecological land. To explore the future of Chinese urban residential area, this article concentrates on how the 'Compact Settlement' behaves in improving the living environment and saving the resources. Through the research of residential area in Hangzhou, there are some determines that increasing the development intensity of the area can indeed bring some improvement in the overall environment. In conclusion, possible design alternatives are discussed for leading Chinese urban development towards a more sustainable path. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compact%20city%20development" title="compact city development">compact city development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20sustainability" title=" environmental sustainability"> environmental sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20area" title=" residential area"> residential area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hangzhou" title=" Hangzhou"> Hangzhou</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72634/compact-settlement-the-direction-of-chinese-future-urban-residential-area-sustainable-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72634.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17319</span> Environmental Effects of Interactions of Industry and Residence in District No 21 Tehran Municipality (Iran)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farideh%20Gheitasi">Farideh Gheitasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Mirzaei%20Pour"> Zahra Mirzaei Pour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considering mutual interactions of industry and residence in an environmental point of view is essential in effective urban management and all the policies must be made based on the results of these interactions. So, District No 21 of Tehran Municipality (Iran) which is almost industrial combined with some residential area was selected to study the consequences of industrial and residential area neighborhood. In this paper the results of two observations conducted in two timescales in 2010 and 2015, according to completed questionnaires by residents of an industrial region in the study area, were analyzed. The questionnaires contain 19 different environmental parameters considering positive and negative effects of industry on human life. The results of this study show that 96% of the target group in 2010 believed if the companies regard the law, mutual coexistence of industry and residency is possible. While this number decreased to 21% in 2015, which indicates that the problem got worse and people became more unsatisfied with the situation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title="environment">environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry" title=" industry"> industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residence" title=" residence"> residence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38458/environmental-effects-of-interactions-of-industry-and-residence-in-district-no-21-tehran-municipality-iran" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38458.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17318</span> Research on Sensitivity of Geological Disasters in Road Area Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Yongyi">Li Yongyi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to explore the distribution of geological disasters within the expressway area of Shaanxi Province, the Analytic Hierarchy Process theory is applied based on the geographic information system technology platform, and the ground elevation, rainfall, vegetation coverage and other indicators are selected for analysis, and the expressway area is sensitive Sexual evaluation. The results show that the highway area disasters in Shaanxi Province are mainly distributed in the southern mountainous areas and are dominated by landslides; the disaster area ratio basically increases with the increase in ground elevation, surface slope, surface undulation, rainfall, and vegetation coverage. The increase in the distance from the river shows a decreasing trend; after grading the disaster sensitivity within 5km of the expressway, the extremely sensitive area, the highly sensitive area, the medium sensitive area, the low sensitive area, and the extremely low sensitive area respectively account for 8.17%、15.80%、22.99%、26.22%、26.82%. Highly sensitive road areas are mainly distributed in southern Shaanxi. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=highway%20engineering" title="highway engineering">highway engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensitivity" title=" sensitivity"> sensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20hierarchy%20process" title=" analytic hierarchy process"> analytic hierarchy process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geological%20hazard" title=" geological hazard"> geological hazard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20area" title=" road area"> road area</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156962/research-on-sensitivity-of-geological-disasters-in-road-area-based-on-analytic-hierarchy-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156962.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17317</span> Reconnecting The Peripheral Wagons to the Euro Area Core Locomotive</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Velickovski">Igor Velickovski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandar%20Stojkov"> Aleksandar Stojkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivana%20Rajkovic"> Ivana Rajkovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates drivers of shock synchronization using quarterly data for 27 European countries over the period 1999-2013 and taking into account the difference between core (‘the euro area core locomotive’) and peripheral euro area and transition countries (‘the peripheral wagons’). Results from panel error-correction models suggest that core of the euro area has not been strong magnetizer of the shock convergence of periphery and transition countries since the euro inception as a result of the offsetting effects of the various factors that affected the shock convergence process. These findings challenge the endogeneity hypothesis in the optimum currency area framework and rather support the specialisation paradigm which is concerning evidence for the future stability of the euro area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20panel%20models" title="dynamic panel models">dynamic panel models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20synchronisation" title=" shock synchronisation"> shock synchronisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade" title=" trade"> trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20currency%20area" title=" optimum currency area"> optimum currency area</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35361/reconnecting-the-peripheral-wagons-to-the-euro-area-core-locomotive" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17316</span> Water Purification By Novel Nanocomposite Membrane</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20S.%20Johal">E. S. Johal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Saini"> M. S. Saini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20K.%20Jha"> M. K. Jha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, 1.1 billion people are at risk due to lack of clean water and about 35 % of people in the developed world die from water related problem. To alleviate these problems water purification technology requires new approaches for effective management and conservation of water resources. Electrospun nanofibres membrane has a potential for water purification due to its high large surface area and good mechanical strength. In the present study PAMAM dendrimers composite nynlon-6 nanofibres membrane was prepared by crosslinking method using Glutaraldehyde. Further, the efficacy of the modified membrane can be renewed by mere exposure of the saturated membrane with the solution having acidic pH. The modified membrane can be used as an effective tool for water purification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dendrimer" title="dendrimer">dendrimer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofibers" title=" nanofibers"> nanofibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite%20membrane" title=" nanocomposite membrane"> nanocomposite membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20purification" title=" water purification"> water purification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9638/water-purification-by-novel-nanocomposite-membrane" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17315</span> Inter-Area Oscillation Monitoring in Maghrebian Power Grid Using Phasor Measurement Unit</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tsebia">M. Tsebia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Bentarzi"> H. Bentarzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the inter-connected power systems, a phenomenon called inter-area oscillation may be caused by several defects. In this paper, a study of the Maghreb countries inter-area power networks oscillation has been investigated. The inter-area oscillation monitoring can be enhanced by integrating Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) technology installed in different places. The data provided by PMU and recorded by PDC will be used for the monitoring, analysis, and control purposes. The proposed approach has been validated by simulation using MATLAB/Simulink. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMU" title="PMU">PMU</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inter-area%20oscillation" title=" inter-area oscillation"> inter-area oscillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maghrebian%20power%20system" title=" Maghrebian power system"> Maghrebian power system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simulink" title=" Simulink"> Simulink</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74645/inter-area-oscillation-monitoring-in-maghrebian-power-grid-using-phasor-measurement-unit" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17314</span> Investigating Mathematics Teachers' Knowledge of the Effective Teaching Strategies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafer%20F.%20Alshehri">Zafer F. Alshehri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigated mathematics teachers' knowledge of the effective teaching strategies at the Southern Region of Saudi Arabia. Specifically, it aimed to identify a list of the effective strategies of teaching mathematics; the extent of mathematics teachers' knowledge of these strategies; and the differences (if any) of mathematics teachers' knowledge of these strategies regarding scientific degree, teaching experience, and educational sage. To achieve that, the researcher used the descriptive approach for preparing a list of effective mathematics teaching strategies and developing a questionnaire of a sample of (240) mathematics teachers. As a result, there were differences in teachers' knowledge of the effective teaching strategies, which ranked as a low, and the highest knowledge was in favor of higher degrees. In addition, there were a few recommendations and suggestions for developing mathematics teachers' knowledge of effective teaching strategies, such as involving in workshops of mathematics teaching strategies, integrating technology into mathematics teaching, and using research findings in the instruction process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics%20teaching%20knowledge" title="mathematics teaching knowledge">mathematics teaching knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematics%20teachers" title=" mathematics teachers"> mathematics teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20mathematics%20teaching%20strategies" title=" effective mathematics teaching strategies"> effective mathematics teaching strategies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22233/investigating-mathematics-teachers-knowledge-of-the-effective-teaching-strategies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22233.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">511</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20area&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20area&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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