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rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Like"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Like rootpage-Like stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"><div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"> <a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"> <input type="checkbox" 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<span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Random</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="/wiki/Special:Nearby" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Nearby</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor mw-list-item menu__item--login" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Like" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Log in</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:MobileOptions&returnto=Like" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Settings</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en&wmf_key=minerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Donate</span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">About Wikipedia</span> </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Disclaimers</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large 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href="/w/index.php?title=Like&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Like_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Like (disambiguation)">Like (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Like" title="Special:EditPage/Like">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Like" title="Talk:Like">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Like" title="Special:EditPage/Like">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Like%22">"Like"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Like%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Like%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Like%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Like%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Like%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2007</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, the word <i><b>like</b></i> has a very flexible range of uses, ranging from conventional to non-standard. It can be used as a <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">noun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adverb" title="Adverb">adverb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adjective" title="Adjective">adjective</a>, <a href="/wiki/Preposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Preposition">preposition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_particle" title="Grammatical particle">particle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_conjunction" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammatical conjunction">conjunction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hedge_(linguistics)" title="Hedge (linguistics)">hedge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filler_(linguistics)" title="Filler (linguistics)">filler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quotative" title="Quotative">quotative</a>, and semi-<a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Uses"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Uses</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Comparisons"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Comparisons</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#As_a_conjunction"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">As a conjunction</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#As_a_noun"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">As a noun</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#As_a_verb"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">As a verb</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#As_a_colloquial_adverb"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">As a colloquial adverb</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#As_a_colloquial_quotative"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">As a colloquial quotative</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#As_a_discourse_particle,_filler_or_hedge"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">As a discourse particle, filler or hedge</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1.7.1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-10"><a href="#Examples"><span class="tocnumber">1.7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Examples</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Like&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Uses" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparisons">Comparisons</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Like&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Comparisons" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><i>Like</i> is one of the words in the English language that can introduce a <a href="/wiki/Simile" title="Simile">simile</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Stylistic_device" title="Stylistic device">stylistic device</a> comparing two dissimilar ideas). It can be used as a <a href="/wiki/Preposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Preposition">preposition</a>, as in "He runs <i>like</i> a cheetah"; it can also be used as a <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffix</a>, as in "She acts very child-<i>like</i><span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span>. It can also be used in non-simile comparisons such as, "She has a dog <i>like</i> ours".<sup id="cite_ref-cambridge_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridge-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_conjunction">As a conjunction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Like&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: As a conjunction" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><i>Like</i> is often used in place of the <a href="/wiki/Subordinating_conjunction" class="mw-redirect" title="Subordinating conjunction">subordinating conjunction</a> <i>as</i>, or <i>as if</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples: </p> <ul><li>They look <i>like</i> they have been having fun.</li> <li>They look <i>as if</i> they have been having fun.</li></ul> <p>Many people became aware of the two options in 1954, when a famous ad campaign for Winston cigarettes introduced the slogan "<a href="/wiki/Winston_tastes_good_like_a_cigarette_should" title="Winston tastes good like a cigarette should">Winston tastes good—like a cigarette should.</a>" The slogan was criticized for its usage by <a href="/wiki/Prescription_and_description" class="mw-redirect" title="Prescription and description">prescriptivists</a>, the "as" construction being considered more proper. Winston countered with another ad, featuring a woman with greying hair in a bun who insists that ought to be "Winston tastes good <i>as</i> a cigarette should" and is shouted down by happy cigarette smokers asking "What do you want—good grammar or good taste?" </p><p>The appropriateness of its usage as a conjunction is still <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_with_disputed_usage" title="List of English words with disputed usage">disputed</a>, however. In some circles, it is considered an error to use <i>like</i> instead of <i>as</i> or <i>as if</i> in formal prose. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_noun">As a noun</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Like&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: As a noun" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Like can be used as a <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">noun</a> meaning "preference" or "kind". Examples: </p> <ul><li>She had many likes and dislikes.</li> <li>We'll never see the like again.</li></ul> <p>When used specifically on <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a>, it can refer to interactions with content posted by a user, commonly referred to as "likes" on websites such as <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> or <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a>. </p> <ul><li>That picture you posted got a lot of likes!</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_verb">As a verb</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Like&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: As a verb" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>As a <a href="/wiki/Verb" title="Verb">verb</a>, <i>like</i> generally refers to a fondness for something or someone.<sup id="cite_ref-cambridge_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridge-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>I <i>like</i> riding my bicycle.</li></ul> <p><i>Like</i> can be used to express a feeling of <a href="/wiki/Interpersonal_attraction" title="Interpersonal attraction">attraction</a> between two people that is weaker than <a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">love</a>. It does not necessarily imply a romantic attraction.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Example: </p> <ul><li>Marc <i>likes</i> Denise.</li> <li>I've taken a <i>liking</i> to our new neighbors.</li></ul> <p><i>Like</i> can also be used to indicate a wish for something in a polite manner.<sup id="cite_ref-cambridge_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridge-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Example: </p> <ul><li>Would you like a cup of coffee?</li></ul> <p><span class="anchor" id="Colloquial_uses"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_colloquial_adverb">As a colloquial adverb</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Like&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: As a colloquial adverb" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In some regional dialects of English, <i>like</i> may be used as an <a href="/wiki/Adverb" title="Adverb">adverbial</a> <a href="/wiki/Colloquialism" title="Colloquialism">colloquialism</a> in the construction <i>be</i> + <i>like</i> + <i>to</i> <a href="/wiki/Infinitive" title="Infinitive">infinitive</a>, meaning "be likely to, be ready to, be on the verge of." Examples: </p> <ul><li>He was like to go back next time.</li> <li>He was like to go mad.</li></ul> <p>As the following attest, this construction has a long history in the English language. </p> <ul><li>But Clarence had slumped to his knees before I had half-finished, and he <i>was like to</i> go out of his mind with fright. (Mark Twain, 1889, <i>A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court</i>)</li> <li>He saw he <i>was like to</i> leave such an heir. (Cotton Mather, 1853, <i>Magnalia Christi Americana</i>)</li> <li>He <i>was like to</i> lose his life in the one [battle] and his liberty in the other [capture], but there was none of his money at stake in either. (<a href="/wiki/Charles_MacFarlane" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles MacFarlane">Charles MacFarlane</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Napier_Thomson" title="Thomas Napier Thomson">Thomas Napier Thomson</a>, 1792, <i>Comprehensive History of England</i>)</li> <li>He was in some fear that if he could not bring about the King's desires, he <i>was like to</i> lose his favor. (Gilbert Burnet, 1679, <i>History of the Reformation of the Church of England</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_colloquial_quotative">As a colloquial quotative</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Like&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: As a colloquial quotative" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><i>Like</i> is sometimes used <a href="/wiki/Colloquial" class="mw-redirect" title="Colloquial">colloquially</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Quotative" title="Quotative">quotative</a> to introduce a quotation or impersonation. This is also known as "quotation through simile". The word is often used to express that what follows is not an exact quotation but instead gives a general feel for what was said. In this usage, <i>like</i> functions in conjunction with a verb, generally <i>be</i> (but also <i>say</i>, <i>think</i>, etc.), as in the following examples:<sup id="cite_ref-mcwhorter_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcwhorter-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>He was like, "I'll be there in five minutes."</li> <li>She was like, "You need to leave the room right now!"</li></ul> <p><i>Like</i> can also be used to paraphrase an implicitly unspoken idea or sentiment: </p> <ul><li>I was like, "Who do they think they are?"</li></ul> <p>The marking of <a href="/wiki/Past_tense" title="Past tense">past tense</a> is often omitted (compare <a href="/wiki/Historical_present" title="Historical present">historical present</a>): </p> <ul><li>They told me all sorts of terrible things, and I'm like "Forget it then."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>It is also sometimes used to introduce non-verbal mimetic performances, e.g., facial expressions, hand gestures, body movement, as well as sounds and noises:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>I was like [speaker rolls eyes].</li> <li>The car was like, "vroom!"</li></ul> <p>The use of <i>like</i> as a quotative is known to have been around since at least the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="filler"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_discourse_particle,_filler_or_hedge"><span id="As_a_discourse_particle.2C_filler_or_hedge"></span>As a discourse particle, filler or hedge</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Like&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: As a discourse particle, filler or hedge" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="History">History</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Like&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Like" title="Special:EditPage/Like">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The word <i>like</i> has developed several non-traditional uses in informal speech. Especially since the late 20th century onward, it has appeared, in addition to its traditional uses, as a <a href="/wiki/Colloquialism" title="Colloquialism">colloquialism</a> across all dialects of spoken English, serving as a <a href="/wiki/Discourse_particle" class="mw-redirect" title="Discourse particle">discourse particle</a>, signalling either a <a href="/wiki/Hedge_(linguistics)" title="Hedge (linguistics)">hedge</a> indicating uncertainty, or alternatively a marker of <a href="/wiki/Focus_(linguistics)" title="Focus (linguistics)">focus</a> signalling that what follows is new information<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although these particular colloquial uses of <i>like</i> became widespread among young students in the 1980s, its use as a filler is a fairly old regional practice in <a href="/wiki/Welsh_English" title="Welsh English">Welsh English</a> and in Scotland; it was used similarly at least as early as the 19th century. It is traditionally, though not quite every time, used to finish a sentence in the Northern English dialect <a href="/wiki/Geordie" title="Geordie">Geordie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may also be used in a systemic format to allow individuals to introduce what they say, how they say and think.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite such prevalence in modern-day spoken English, these colloquial usages of <i>like</i> rarely appear in writing (unless the writer is deliberately trying to replicate colloquial dialogue) and they have long been stigmatized in formal speech or in <a href="/wiki/High_culture" title="High culture">high cultural</a> or <a href="/wiki/High_society_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="High society (group)">high social</a> settings. Furthermore, this use of <i>like</i> seems to appear most commonly, in particular, among people who were children and <a href="/wiki/Adolescent" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolescent">adolescents</a> in the 1980s, while less so, or not at all, among people who were already middle-aged or elderly at that time. One suggested explanation was that younger English speakers were still developing their <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_competence" title="Linguistic competence">linguistic competence</a>, and, <a href="/wiki/Metalinguistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalinguistic">metalinguistically</a> wishing to express ideas without sounding too confident, certain, or assertive, use <i>like</i> to fulfill this purpose in the cases where they were using "like" as a hedge.<sup id="cite_ref-Pragmatic_Markers_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pragmatic_Markers-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">pop culture</a>, such colloquial applications of <i>like</i> (especially in verbal excess) are commonly and often comedically associated with <a href="/wiki/Valley_girl" title="Valley girl">Valley girls</a>, as made famous through the song "Valley Girl" by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Zappa" title="Frank Zappa">Frank Zappa</a>, released in 1982, and the film of the same name, released in the following year. The stereotyped "valley girl" language is an exaggeration of the variants of <a href="/wiki/California_English" title="California English">California English</a> spoken by people who were young in the 1980s. </p><p>This non-traditional usage of the word has been around at least since the 1950s, introduced through beat (or <a href="/wiki/Beatnik" title="Beatnik">beatnik</a>) and jazz culture. The beatnik character <a href="/wiki/Maynard_G._Krebs" title="Maynard G. Krebs">Maynard G. Krebs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bob_Denver" title="Bob Denver">Bob Denver</a>) in the popular <i><a href="/wiki/The_Many_Loves_of_Dobie_Gillis" title="The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis">Dobie Gillis</a></i> TV series of 1959-1963 brought the expression to prominence; this was reinforced in later decades by the character of <a href="/wiki/Shaggy_Rogers" title="Shaggy Rogers">Shaggy</a> on <i><a href="/wiki/Scooby-Doo" title="Scooby-Doo">Scooby-Doo</a></i> (who was based on Krebs). </p><p>Very early use of this locution<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> can be seen in a New Yorker cartoon of 15 September 1928, in which two young ladies are discussing a man's workplace: "What's he got – an awfice?" "No, he's got like a loft." </p><p>It is also used in the 1962 novel <i><a href="/wiki/A_Clockwork_Orange_(novel)" title="A Clockwork Orange (novel)">A Clockwork Orange</a></i> by the narrator as part of his teenage slang and in the <i><a href="/wiki/Top_Cat" title="Top Cat">Top Cat</a></i> cartoon series from 1961 to 1962 by the jazz beatnik type characters. </p><p>A common <a href="/wiki/Eye_dialect" title="Eye dialect">eye dialect</a> spelling is <i>lyk</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Examples">Examples</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Like&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Examples" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><i>Like</i> can be used in much the same way as "um..." or "er..." as a <a href="/wiki/Discourse_particle" class="mw-redirect" title="Discourse particle">discourse particle</a>. It has become common especially among North American teenagers to use the word "like" in this way, as in Valspeak. For example: </p> <ul><li>I, like, don't know what to do.</li></ul> <p>It is also becoming more often used (East Coast <a href="/wiki/Scottish_English" title="Scottish English">Scottish English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_England_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern England English">Northern England English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hiberno-English" title="Hiberno-English">Hiberno-English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Welsh_English" title="Welsh English">Welsh English</a> in particular) at the end of a sentence, as an alternative to <i>you know</i>. This usage is sometimes considered to be a colloquial <a href="/wiki/Interjection" title="Interjection">interjection</a> and it implies a desire to remain calm and defuse tension: </p> <ul><li>I didn't say anything, like.</li> <li>Just be cool, like.</li></ul> <p>Use of <i>like</i> as a <a href="/wiki/Filler_(linguistics)" title="Filler (linguistics)">filler</a> has a long history in Scots English, as in <a href="/wiki/Robert_Louis_Stevenson" title="Robert Louis Stevenson">Robert Louis Stevenson</a>'s 1886 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Kidnapped_(novel)" title="Kidnapped (novel)">Kidnapped</a></i>: </p> <blockquote><div class="poem"> <p>"What'll like be your business, mannie?"<br> "What's like wrong with him?" said she at last. </p> </div></blockquote> <p><i>Like</i> can be used as <a href="/wiki/Hedge_(linguistics)" title="Hedge (linguistics)">hedge</a> to indicate that the following phrase will be an approximation or exaggeration, or that the following words may not be quite right, but are close enough. It may indicate that the phrase in which it appears is to be taken metaphorically or as a <a href="/wiki/Hyperbole" title="Hyperbole">hyperbole</a>. This use of <i>like</i> is sometimes regarded as <a href="/wiki/Adverb" title="Adverb">adverbial</a>, as <i>like</i> is often <a href="/wiki/Synonym" title="Synonym">synonymous</a> here with adverbial phrases of approximation, such as "almost" or "more or less". Examples: </p> <ul><li>I have, like, no money left.</li> <li>The restaurant is only, like, five miles from here.</li> <li>I, like, almost died!</li></ul> <p>Conversely, <i>like</i> may also be used to indicate a counterexpectation to the speaker, or to indicate certainty regarding the following phrase.<sup id="cite_ref-mcwhorter_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mcwhorter-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples: </p> <ul><li>There was, like, a living kitten in the box!</li> <li>This is, like, the only way to solve the problem.</li> <li>I, like, know what I'm doing, okay?</li></ul> <p>In the UK reality television series <i><a href="/wiki/Love_Island_(franchise)" title="Love Island (franchise)">Love Island</a></i> the word 'like' has been used an average of 300 times per episode, much to the annoyance of viewers.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Like&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Like_button" title="Like button">Like button</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Like&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li>Andersen, Gisle. (1998). The pragmatic marker <i>like</i> from a relevance-theoretic perspective. In A. H. Jucker & Y. Ziv (Eds.) <i>Discourse markers: Descriptions and Theory</i> (pp. 147–70). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.</li> <li>Andersen, Gisle. (2000). The role of the pragmatic marker <i>like</i> in utterance interpretation. In G. Andersen & T. Fretheim (Ed.), <i>Pragmatic markers and propositional attitude: Pragmatics and beyond</i> (pp. 79). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.</li> <li>Barbieri, Federica. (2005). Quotative use in American English. A corpus-based, cross-register comparison. <i>Journal of English Linguistics</i>, <i>33</i>, (3), 225–256.</li> <li>Barbieri, Federica. (2007). 'Older men and younger women': A corpus-based study of quotative use in American English. <i>English World-Wide</i>, <i>28</i>, (1), 23–45.</li> <li>Blyth, Carl Jr.; Recktenwald, Sigrid; & Wang, Jenny. (1990). I'm like, 'Say what?!': A new quotative in American oral narrative. <i>American Speech</i>, <i>65</i>, 215–227.</li> <li>Cruse, A. (2000). Meaning in language. An introduction to semantics and pragmatics.</li> <li>Cukor-Avila, Patricia; (2002). <i>She says</i>, <i>she goes</i>, <i>she is like</i>: Verbs of quotation over time in African American Vernacular English. <i>American Speech</i>, <i>77</i> (1), 3-31.</li> <li>Dailey-O'Cain, Jennifer. (2000). The sociolinguistic distribution of and attitudes toward focuser <i>like</i> and quotative <i>like</i>. <i>Journal of Sociolinguistics</i>, <i>4</i>, 60–80.</li> <li>D'Arcy, Alexandra. (2017). <i>Discourse-pragmatic variation in context: Eight hundred years of LIKE</i>. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.</li> <li>Ferrara, Kathleen; & Bell, Barbara. (1995). Sociolinguistic variation and discourse function of constructed dialogue introducers: The case of be+like. <i>American Speech</i>, <i>70</i>, 265–289.</li> <li>Fleischman, Suzanne. (1998). Des jumeaux du discours. <i>La Linguistique</i>, <i>34</i> (2), 31–47.</li> <li>Golato, Andrea; (2000). An innovative German quotative for reporting on embodied actions: <i>Und ich so</i>/<i>und er so</i> 'and I'm like/and he's like'. <i>Journal of Pragmatics</i>, <i>32</i>, 29–54.</li> <li>Jones, Graham M. & Schieffelin, Bambi B. (2009). Enquoting Voices, Accomplishing Talk: Uses of <i>Be+Like</i> in Instant Messaging. <i>Language & Communication</i>, 29(1), 77–113.</li> <li>Jucker, Andreas H.; & Smith, Sara W. (1998). And people just you know like 'wow': Discourse markers as negotiating strategies. In A. H. Jucker & Y. Ziv (Eds.), <i>Discourse markers: Descriptions and theory</i> (pp. 171–201). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.</li> <li>Mesthrie, R., Swann, J., Deumert, A., & Leap, W. (2009). Introducing sociolinguistics. Edinburgh University Press.</li> <li>Miller, Jim; Weinert, Regina. (1995). The function of like in dialogue. <i>Journal of Pragmatics</i>, <i>23</i>, 365–93.</li> <li>Romaine, Suzanne; Lange, Deborah. (1991). The use of <i>like</i> as a marker of reported speech and thought: A case of grammaticalization in progress. <i>American Speech</i>, <i>66</i>, 227–279.</li> <li>Ross, John R.; & Cooper, William E. (1979). Like syntax. In W. E. Cooper & E. C. T. Walker (Eds.), <i>Sentence processing: Psycholinguistic studies presented to Merrill Garrett</i> (pp. 343–418). New York: Erlbaum Associates.</li> <li>Schourup, L. (1985). <i>Common discourse particles: "Like", "well", "y'know"</i>. New York: Garland.</li> <li>Siegel, Muffy E. A. (2002). Like: The discourse particle and semantics. <i>Journal of Semantics</i>, <i>19</i> (1), 35–71.</li> <li>Taglimonte, Sali; & Hudson, Rachel. (1999). <i>Be like</i> et al. beyond America: The quotative system in British and Canadian youth. <i>Journal of Sociolinguistics</i>, <i>3</i> (2), 147–172.</li> <li>Tagliamonte, Sali, and Alexandra D'Arcy. (2004). He's like, she's like: The quotative system in Canadian youth. <i>Journal of Sociolinguistics</i>, <i>8</i> (4), 493–514.</li> <li>Underhill, Robert; (1988). Like is like, focus. <i>American Speech</i>, <i>63</i>, 234–246.</li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Like&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cambridge-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cambridge_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cambridge_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cambridge_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/like">"Like"</a>. <i>Cambridge Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Like&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fgrammar%2Fbritish-grammar%2Flike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/as-or-like">"As or like?"</a>. <i>Cambridge Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Dictionary&rft.atitle=As+or+like%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdictionary.cambridge.org%2Fgrammar%2Fbritish-grammar%2Fas-or-like&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeltzer2017" class="citation web cs1">Seltzer, Leon F (March 7, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/evolution-the-self/201703/i-have-feelings-you-its-eight-different-meanings">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'I Have Feelings for You,' Its Eight Different Meanings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Psychology_Today" title="Psychology Today">Psychology Today</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Psychology+Today&rft.atitle=%27I+Have+Feelings+for+You%2C%27+Its+Eight+Different+Meanings&rft.date=2017-03-07&rft.aulast=Seltzer&rft.aufirst=Leon+F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychologytoday.com%2Fus%2Fblog%2Fevolution-the-self%2F201703%2Fi-have-feelings-you-its-eight-different-meanings&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTigar2016" class="citation web cs1">Tigar, Lindsay (January 19, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bustle.com/articles/134128-how-to-say-i-like-you-when-youre-not-ready-for-i-love-you">"How to Say 'I Like You' When You're Not Ready for 'I Love You'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bustle_(magazine)" title="Bustle (magazine)">Bustle</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bustle&rft.atitle=How+to+Say+%27I+Like+You%27+When+You%27re+Not+Ready+for+%27I+Love+You%27&rft.date=2016-01-19&rft.aulast=Tigar&rft.aufirst=Lindsay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bustle.com%2Farticles%2F134128-how-to-say-i-like-you-when-youre-not-ready-for-i-love-you&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mcwhorter-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mcwhorter_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mcwhorter_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcWhorter2016" class="citation web cs1">McWhorter, John (November 25, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/11/the-evolution-of-like/507614/">"The Evolution of 'Like'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Evolution+of+%27Like%27&rft.date=2016-11-25&rft.aulast=McWhorter&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fentertainment%2Farchive%2F2016%2F11%2Fthe-evolution-of-like%2F507614%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted from: Daniel P. Cullen, <i>"I'm Learning as I Go, and I Don't Like That": Urban Community College Students' College Literacy</i>, ProQuest, 2008, p. 210.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2015/01/25/linguists-are-like-get-used/ruUQoV0XUTLDjx72JojnBI/story.html">"Linguists are like, 'Get used to it!'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Linguists+are+like%2C+%27Get+used+to+it%21%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fideas%2F2015%2F01%2F25%2Flinguists-are-like-get-used%2FruUQoV0XUTLDjx72JojnBI%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlythRecktenwaldWang1990" class="citation journal cs1">Blyth, Carl; Recktenwald, Sigrid; Wang, Jenny (1990). "I'm like, "Say What?!": A New Quotative in American Oral Narrative". <i>American Speech</i>. <b>65</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">215–</span>227. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F455910">10.2307/455910</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/455910">455910</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Speech&rft.atitle=I%27m+like%2C+%22Say+What%3F%21%22%3A+A+New+Quotative+in+American+Oral+Narrative&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E215-%3C%2Fspan%3E227&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F455910&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F455910%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Blyth&rft.aufirst=Carl&rft.au=Recktenwald%2C+Sigrid&rft.au=Wang%2C+Jenny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnderhill1988" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Underhill, Robert (Autumn 1988). "Like is, like, Focus". <i>American Speech</i>. 63 #3 (3): <span class="nowrap">234–</span>246. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F454820">10.2307/454820</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/454820">454820</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Speech&rft.atitle=Like+is%2C+like%2C+Focus.&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=63+%233&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E234-%3C%2Fspan%3E246&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F454820&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F454820%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Underhill&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALike" class="Z3988"></span> name="Pragmatic Markers"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersen,_GisleThorstein_Fretheim2000" class="citation book cs1">Andersen, Gisle; Thorstein Fretheim, eds. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jLbs6k1t9KYC"><i>Pragmatic Markers and Propositional Attitude</i></a>. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">31–</span>3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9027250987" title="Special:BookSources/9027250987"><bdi>9027250987</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pragmatic+Markers+and+Propositional+Attitude&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E31-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9027250987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjLbs6k1t9KYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfson2022" class="citation web cs1">Wolfson, Sam (15 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2022/may/15/why-do-people-like-say-like-so-much-in-praise-of-an-underappreciated-word">"Why do people, like, say, 'like' so much?"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2022</span>. <q>But there are more uses than that, for example the Geordie tradition of finishing sentences with a like.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Why+do+people%2C+like%2C+say%2C+%27like%27+so+much%3F&rft.date=2022-05-15&rft.aulast=Wolfson&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2022%2Fmay%2F15%2Fwhy-do-people-like-say-like-so-much-in-praise-of-an-underappreciated-word&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mesthrie, R., Swann, J., Deumert, A., & Leap, W. (2009). Introducing sociolinguistics. Edinburgh University Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pragmatic_Markers-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pragmatic_Markers_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersen,_GisleThorstein_Fretheim2000" class="citation book cs1">Andersen, Gisle; Thorstein Fretheim, eds. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jLbs6k1t9KYC"><i>Pragmatic Markers and Propositional Attitude</i></a>. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. <span class="nowrap">31–</span>3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9027250987" title="Special:BookSources/9027250987"><bdi>9027250987</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pragmatic+Markers+and+Propositional+Attitude&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E31-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pub=John+Benjamins+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9027250987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjLbs6k1t9KYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffithsJulie_Henry2019" class="citation news cs1">Griffiths, Sian; Julie Henry (June 16, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/like-it-or-not-they-cant-stop-saying-it-on-love-island-zc8dtpkfs">"Like it or not, they can't stop saying it on Love Island"</a>. <i>The Times</i>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Like+it+or+not%2C+they+can%27t+stop+saying+it+on+Love+Island&rft.date=2019-06-16&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=Sian&rft.au=Julie+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Flike-it-or-not-they-cant-stop-saying-it-on-love-island-zc8dtpkfs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALike" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Like&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/like" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/like">like</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011165859/http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=2018485">Fleischman (1998)</a> (<a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30249153">30249153</a>) for a parallel discussion of <i>like</i> and the similar discourse particle <i>genre</i> in French.</li></ul>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Like&oldid=1274407330">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Like&oldid=1274407330</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Like&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="2407:8B00:116C:D800:0:0:0:A" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1738903443"> <span>Last edited on 7 February 2025, at 04:44</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Like" title="Like – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Like" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A" title="ชอบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชอบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DA%A9" title="لائک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لائک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; 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