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0 0 0-1 1v12.5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1ZM39.25 20c0 10.631-8.619 19.25-19.25 19.25S.75 30.631.75 20 9.369.75 20 .75 39.25 9.369 39.25 20Z" stroke="url(#market_svg__a)" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></g></svg></span><span id="subNavItem-Market" class="font-bold text-t7 inline-block text-white">Market</span></div><ul class="pb-2" aria-labelledby="subNavItem-Market"><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://www.shopify.com/market" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">Market your business<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div><div class="text-sm text-shade-30 group-hover:text-white">Reach & retain customers</div></a></li><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://www.shopify.com/facebook-instagram" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">Market across social<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div><div class="text-sm text-shade-30 group-hover:text-white">Social media integrations</div></a></li><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://www.shopify.com/inbox" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">Chat with customers<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div><div class="text-sm text-shade-30 group-hover:text-white">Shopify Inbox</div></a></li><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://www.shopify.com/email-marketing" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">Nurture customers<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div><div class="text-sm text-shade-30 group-hover:text-white">Shopify Email</div></a></li><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://www.shopify.com/segmentation" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">Know your audience<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div><div class="text-sm text-shade-30 group-hover:text-white">Gain customer insights</div></a></li></ul></div><div class="col-span-3 col-start-10 pt-8 text-white -translate-y-[30px]" data-background="transparent_dark"><div class="flex items-center border-shade-30 mb-6 border-b pb-4 text-lg font-bold border-shade-70"><span aria-hidden="true" class="-ml-2 lg:ml-0 mr-3 md:mr-3 inline-block h-10 w-10"><svg width="40" height="40" fill="none"><g clip-path="url(#white_circle_svg__a)"><path d="M12.75 15.75c0 1.243.75 2.5 2.25 2.5s2.5-1.257 2.5-2.5c0 1.243 1 2.5 2.5 2.5s2.5-1.257 2.5-2.5c0 1.243 1 2.5 2.5 2.5s2.25-1.257 2.25-2.5m-12.5 11.5h10.5a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-9.067a2 2 0 0 0-.179-.827l-.538-1.184A2 2 0 0 0 24.713 13h-9.425a2 2 0 0 0-1.82 1.172l-.538 1.184a2 2 0 0 0-.18.827v9.067a2 2 0 0 0 2 2Zm3-3.5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h.5a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v3.5h-4.5v-3.5ZM39.25 20c0 10.631-8.619 19.25-19.25 19.25S.75 30.631.75 20 9.369.75 20 .75 39.25 9.369 39.25 20Z" stroke="url(#manage_svg__a)" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></g></svg></span><span id="subNavItem-Manage" class="font-bold text-t7 inline-block text-white">Manage</span></div><ul class="pb-2" aria-labelledby="subNavItem-Manage"><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://www.shopify.com/manage" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">Manage your business<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div><div class="text-sm text-shade-30 group-hover:text-white">Track sales, orders & analytics</div></a></li><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://www.shopify.com/analytics" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">Measure your performance<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div><div class="text-sm text-shade-30 group-hover:text-white">Analytics and Reporting</div></a></li><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://www.shopify.com/orders" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">Manage your stock & orders<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div><div class="text-sm text-shade-30 group-hover:text-white">Inventory & order management</div></a></li><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://www.shopify.com/flow" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">Automate your business<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div><div class="text-sm text-shade-30 group-hover:text-white">Shopify Flow</div></a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="absolute bottom-0 inset-x-0 overflow-hidden z-20"><div class="container grid grid-cols-4 sm:grid-cols-8 md:grid-cols-12 gap-x-gutter gap-y-0"><div class="col-span-12 col-start-1 scheme-white:bg-shade-10 scheme-transparent-light:bg-shade-10 scheme-black:bg-shade-90 scheme-transparent-dark:bg-shade-90 relative after:absolute after:left-full after:top-[-1px] after:w-[100vw] after:h-[calc(100%+1px)] scheme-white:after:bg-shade-10 scheme-transparent-light:after:bg-shade-10 scheme-black:after:bg-shade-90 scheme-transparent-dark:after:bg-shade-90 scheme-black:text-white scheme-transparent-dark:text-white -ml-[var(--margin)] -mt-8 md:mt-0 pl-[var(--margin)] pt-6 before:content-[''] before:absolute before:right-full before:top-[-1px] before:w-[100vw] before:h-[calc(100%+1px)] scheme-white:before:bg-shade-10 scheme-transparent-light:before:bg-shade-10 scheme-black:before:bg-shade-90 scheme-transparent-dark:before:bg-shade-90 border-t scheme-white:border-shade-20 scheme-transparent-light:border-shade-20 scheme-black:border-shade-70 scheme-transparent-dark:border-shade-70 before:border-t scheme-white:before:border-shade-20 scheme-transparent-light:before:border-shade-20 scheme-black:before:border-shade-70 scheme-transparent-dark:before:border-shade-70 after:border-t scheme-white:after:border-shade-20 scheme-transparent-light:after:border-shade-20 scheme-black:after:border-shade-70 scheme-transparent-dark:after:border-shade-70 text-black -translate-y-[30px]" data-background="transparent_dark"><ul class="grid grid-cols-12 gap-x-gutter gap-y-0 pb-0"><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4 border-r border-shade-30 last:border-0 col-span-3"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://shopify.dev" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">Shopify Developers<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div><div class="text-sm text-shade-30 group-hover:text-white">Build with Shopify's powerful APIs</div></a></li><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4 border-r border-shade-30 last:border-0 col-span-3"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://www.shopify.com/plus" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">Plus<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div><div class="text-sm text-shade-30 group-hover:text-white">A commerce solution for growing digital brands</div></a></li><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4 border-r border-shade-30 last:border-0 col-span-3"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://www.shopify.com/products" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">All Products<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div><div class="text-sm text-shade-30 group-hover:text-white">Explore all Shopify products & features</div></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li><li class="mr-8 text-base"><div class="flex h-full"><a class="flex items-center hover:underline text-white hover:text-white" href="https://www.shopify.com/pricing" aria-label="">Pricing</a></div></li><li class="mr-8 text-base"><div class="relative flex h-full after:content[""] after:block after:h-[3px] after:w-full after:absolute after:bottom-0 after:scale-0 after:origin-left after:transition-transform after:duration-[350ms] after:ease-[bezier(0.66, 0.66, 0.34, 1.00)] after:motion-reduce:transition-none hover:underline after:bg-white text-white"><button type="button" class="bg-transparent whitespace-nowrap" data-component-name="Resources-toggle-open" aria-controls="ResourcesDesktopMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true"><span class="mr-3">Resources</span><div aria-hidden="true" class="relative inline-block h-[7px] w-3 cursor-pointer"><div class="inline-block rounded border-b-8 h-2 w-[2px] origin-center transition-all ease-[bezier(0.66, 0.66, 0.34, 1.00)] duration-[350ms] motion-reduce:transition-none border-white bg-white -translate-x-[3px] rotate-[135deg]"></div><div class="inline-block rounded border-b-8 h-2 w-[2px] origin-center transition-all ease-[bezier(0.66, 0.66, 0.34, 1.00)] duration-[350ms] motion-reduce:transition-none border-white bg-white -rotate-[135deg]"></div></div></button></div><div id="ResourcesDesktopMenu" class="absolute inset-x-0 top-global-header z-[21] transition-transform duration-[452ms] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.26,1.00,0.48,1.00)] motion-reduce:transition-none before:absolute before:inset-x-0 before:top-0 before:w-full before:h-full before:left-0 before:shadow-xl before:pointer-events-none before:z-10 bg-black text-white opacity-0 pointer-events-none -translate-y-[10px]"><div class="relative no-scrollbar overflow-y-auto overflow-x-clip max-h-[calc(100vh-72px)] z-20"><div class="container grid grid-cols-4 sm:grid-cols-8 md:grid-cols-12 gap-x-gutter gap-y-0"><div class="col-span-3 col-start-1 pt-8 text-white -translate-y-[30px]" data-background="transparent_dark"><div class="flex items-center border-shade-30 mb-6 border-b pb-4 text-lg font-bold border-shade-70"><span aria-hidden="true" class="-ml-2 lg:ml-0 mr-3 md:mr-3 inline-block h-10 w-10"><svg width="40" height="40" fill="none"><g clip-path="url(#help-and-support_svg__a)"><circle cx="20" cy="20" r="19.25" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"></circle><path d="M20 20v6" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path><path d="M20 16.5a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3Z" fill="currentColor"></path></g></svg></span><span id="subNavItem-Help and support" class="font-bold text-t7 inline-block text-white">Help and support</span></div><ul class="pb-2" aria-labelledby="subNavItem-Help and support"><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://help.shopify.com/en/" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">Help and support<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div><div class="text-sm text-shade-30 group-hover:text-white">Get 24/7 support</div></a></li><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://academy.shopify.com" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">Business courses<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div><div class="text-sm text-shade-30 group-hover:text-white">Learn from proven experts</div></a></li></ul></div><div class="col-span-6 col-start-4 pt-8 text-white -translate-y-[30px]" data-background="transparent_dark"><div class="flex items-center border-shade-30 mb-6 border-b pb-4 text-lg font-bold border-shade-70"><span aria-hidden="true" class="-ml-2 lg:ml-0 mr-3 md:mr-3 inline-block h-10 w-10"><svg width="40" height="40" fill="none"><g clip-path="url(#white_circle_svg__a)" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"><circle cx="20" cy="20" r="19.25"></circle><path d="m22.023 15.04 3 3M12.75 27.25l4.25-1 9.95-9.95a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.413l-1.837-1.836a1 1 0 0 0-1.414 0L13.75 23l-1 4.25Z" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></g></svg></span><span id="subNavItem-Popular topics" class="font-bold text-t7 inline-block text-white">Popular topics</span></div><ul class="pb-2 columns-2" aria-labelledby="subNavItem-Popular topics"><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://www.shopify.com/blog/what-is-shopify" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">What is Shopify?<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div><div class="text-sm text-shade-30 group-hover:text-white">How our commerce platform works</div></a></li></ul></div><div class="col-span-3 col-start-10 pt-8 scheme-white:bg-shade-10 scheme-transparent-light:bg-shade-10 scheme-black:bg-shade-90 scheme-transparent-dark:bg-shade-90 pl-10 relative after:absolute after:left-full after:top-[-1px] after:w-[100vw] after:h-[calc(100%+1px)] scheme-white:after:bg-shade-10 scheme-transparent-light:after:bg-shade-10 scheme-black:after:bg-shade-90 scheme-transparent-dark:after:bg-shade-90 scheme-black:text-white scheme-transparent-dark:text-white border-l scheme-white:border-shade-20 scheme-transparent-light:border-shade-20 scheme-black:border-shade-70 scheme-transparent-dark:border-shade-70 text-black -translate-y-[30px]" data-background="transparent_dark"><div class="flex items-center border-shade-30 mb-6 border-b pb-4 text-lg font-bold border-shade-70"><span aria-hidden="true" class="-ml-2 lg:ml-0 mr-3 md:mr-3 inline-block h-10 w-10"><svg width="40" height="40" fill="none"><g clip-path="url(#white_circle_svg__a)" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"><circle cx="20" cy="20" r="19.25"></circle><path d="M16.75 16.75v-2a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h2.5a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2m-2 4v1.5a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-.5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-1.5m2.5 0a1 1 0 0 0-1-1h-.5a1 1 0 0 0-1 1m2.5 0h6m-8.5 0h-6m2 6.5h10.5a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-6.5a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-10.5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v6.5a2 2 0 0 0 2 2Z"></path></g></svg></span><span id="subNavItem-Essential tools" class="font-bold text-t7 inline-block text-white">Essential tools</span></div><ul class="pb-2" aria-labelledby="subNavItem-Essential tools"><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://www.shopify.com/tools/business-name-generator" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">Business name generator<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div></a></li><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://www.shopify.com/tools/logo-maker" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">Logo maker<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div></a></li><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://www.shopify.com/stock-photos" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">Stock photography<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div></a></li><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://www.linkpop.com/" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">Link in bio tool<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div></a></li><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4"><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://www.shopify.com/tools/qr-code-generator" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">QR code generator<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></li><li class="mr-8 text-base"><div class="relative flex h-full after:content[""] after:block after:h-[3px] after:w-full after:absolute after:bottom-0 after:scale-0 after:origin-left after:transition-transform after:duration-[350ms] after:ease-[bezier(0.66, 0.66, 0.34, 1.00)] after:motion-reduce:transition-none hover:underline after:bg-white text-white"><button type="button" class="bg-transparent whitespace-nowrap" data-component-name="What's new-toggle-open" aria-controls="What's newDesktopMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true"><span class="mr-3">What's new</span><div aria-hidden="true" class="relative inline-block h-[7px] w-3 cursor-pointer"><div class="inline-block rounded border-b-8 h-2 w-[2px] origin-center transition-all ease-[bezier(0.66, 0.66, 0.34, 1.00)] duration-[350ms] motion-reduce:transition-none border-white bg-white -translate-x-[3px] rotate-[135deg]"></div><div class="inline-block rounded border-b-8 h-2 w-[2px] origin-center transition-all ease-[bezier(0.66, 0.66, 0.34, 1.00)] duration-[350ms] motion-reduce:transition-none border-white bg-white -rotate-[135deg]"></div></div></button></div><div id="What's newDesktopMenu" class="absolute inset-x-0 top-global-header z-[21] transition-transform duration-[452ms] ease-[cubic-bezier(0.26,1.00,0.48,1.00)] motion-reduce:transition-none before:absolute before:inset-x-0 before:top-0 before:w-full before:h-full before:left-0 before:shadow-xl before:pointer-events-none before:z-10 bg-black text-white opacity-0 pointer-events-none -translate-y-[10px]"><div class="relative no-scrollbar overflow-y-auto overflow-x-clip max-h-[calc(100vh-72px)] z-20"><div class="container grid grid-cols-4 sm:grid-cols-8 md:grid-cols-12 gap-x-gutter gap-y-0"><div class="col-span-12 col-start-1 pt-8 text-white -translate-y-[30px]" data-background="transparent_dark"><ul class="grid grid-cols-12 gap-x-gutter gap-y-0 pb-0"><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4 border-r border-shade-30 last:border-0 col-span-3"><span aria-hidden="true" class="-ml-2 lg:ml-0 mr-3 md:mr-3 inline-block h-10 w-10"><svg width="41" height="42" viewBox="0 0 41 42" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g clip-path="url(#clip0_213_1921)"><path d="M39.5 21C39.5 31.6315 30.8815 40.25 20.25 40.25C9.61852 40.25 1 31.6315 1 21C1 10.3685 9.61852 1.75 20.25 1.75C30.8815 1.75 39.5 10.3685 39.5 21Z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path><rect x="13" y="14" width="15" height="14" rx="2" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"></rect><path d="M25 24L19 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path><path d="M25 21L19 21" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path><path d="M25 18L19 18" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path><path d="M17 18L16 18" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path><path d="M17 21L16 21" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path><path d="M17 24L16 24" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></g><defs><clipPath id="clip0_213_1921"><rect width="40.5" height="40.5" fill="white" transform="translate(0 0.75)"></rect></clipPath></defs></svg></span><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://changelog.shopify.com" aria-label=""><div class="text-base font-medium"><span class="inline-block arrow-animation">Changelog<span class="sr-only">.</span></span></div><div class="text-sm text-shade-30 group-hover:text-white">Your source for recent updates</div></a></li><li class="flex mb-6 pr-4 border-r border-shade-30 last:border-0 col-span-3"><span aria-hidden="true" class="-ml-2 lg:ml-0 mr-3 md:mr-3 inline-block h-10 w-10"><svg width="42" height="42" viewBox="0 0 42 42" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M40.25 21C40.25 31.6315 31.6315 40.25 21 40.25C10.3685 40.25 1.75 31.6315 1.75 21C1.75 10.3685 10.3685 1.75 21 1.75C31.6315 1.75 40.25 10.3685 40.25 21Z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path><path d="M17.341 24.6079L18.8363 26.9574" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path><path d="M26.9609 14.7523C28.2811 15.4085 29.324 16.6069 29.7356 18.1429C30.1472 19.679 29.8432 21.2382 29.028 22.4667" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path><path d="M26.9769 20.7052C27.2556 20.1447 27.3388 19.4842 27.164 18.832C26.9893 18.1799 26.587 17.6495 26.0654 17.3034" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path><path d="M14.5357 20.5604C14.4233 20.1409 14.5945 19.6968 14.9595 19.4613L21.4187 15.2941C21.9885 14.9265 22.7512 15.2206 22.9267 15.8756L24.9726 23.5109C25.1481 24.1659 24.6346 24.802 23.9574 24.7685L16.2799 24.3892C15.8461 24.3678 15.4758 24.0688 15.3633 23.6493L14.5357 20.5604Z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"></path><path d="M12.0335 21.5081L12.7226 24.0796" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round"></path></svg></span><a class="group inline-block w-full text-white hover:text-white" href="https://www.shopify.com/news" aria-label=""><div 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font-aktivgroteskextended text-[12px] leading-[14px] tracking-[0.01em] font-semibold tablet-xl:font-shopifysans tablet-xl:text-[11px] tablet-xl:leading-[13px] tablet:tracking-[0.5px] tablet:font-bold pb-2 text-engineering-dark-text"><a href="/" class="no-underline topic-link hover:text-inherit">blog</a><span class="richtext px-2.5 text-xs">|</span><a href="/topics/security" class="no-underline topic-link hover:text-inherit">Security</a></div><h1 class="richtext font-medium tracking-[-0.02em] text-[28px] leading-9 tablet-xl:text-[40px] tablet-xl:leading-[48px] text-engineering-dark-text" itemProp="headline">Supporting Passkeys in Shop's Authentication Flows</h1><p class="richtext font-normal tracking-[-0.02em] text-[18px] leading-[26px] tablet-xl:text-[20px] tablet-xl:leading-7 desktop:text-[22px] desktop:leading-8 mt-4 desktop:mt-4 text-engineering-dark-text">Passkeys are a new login credential based on public-key cryptography that replace the need for username and password sign-ins.</p><div class="lg:hidden mt-4 tablet-xl:mt-12"><div class="gap-x-1 flex flex-wrap font-bold sm:justify-center !text-lg text-engineering-dark-text"> </div><div class="text-body-sm font-normal text-engineering-dark-accent">Last updated <time>Mar 24, 2023</time></div></div></div></div><div class="tablet:container desktop:w-9/12 desktop:mx-auto overflow-hidden flex justify-center"><img class="" src="https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0779/4361/articles/ShopifyEng_BlogSupporting_Shop_Passkeys.jpg?v=1679500527&originalWidth=1848&originalHeight=782" alt="" loading="eager" decoding="async" width="1848" height="782" srcSet="https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0779/4361/articles/ShopifyEng_BlogSupporting_Shop_Passkeys.jpg?v=1679500527&originalWidth=1848&originalHeight=782&width=200 200w, https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0779/4361/articles/ShopifyEng_BlogSupporting_Shop_Passkeys.jpg?v=1679500527&originalWidth=1848&originalHeight=782&width=400 400w, 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[&_.aspect-video_iframe]:mt-0 article-content [&_.truncated-text]:relative [&_.truncated-text]:max-h-[300px] [&_.truncated-text]:overflow-hidden [&_.truncated-text]:mb-6 [&_.truncated-text::before]:absolute [&_.truncated-text::before]:content-[""] [&_.truncated-text::before]:bottom-0 [&_.truncated-text::before]:w-full [&_.truncated-text::before]:h-[150px] [&_.truncated-text::before]:bg-gradient-to-t [&_.truncated-text::before]:from-white [&_.truncated-text::before]:from-50% [&_.truncated-text::before]:to-transparent [&_.truncated-text\_\_toggle]:absolute [&_.truncated-text\_\_toggle]:bottom-0 [&_.truncated-text\_\_toggle]:w-full [&_.truncated-text\_\_toggle]:text-center [&_.marketing-code]:bg-[#f0f1f2] [&_.marketing-code]:font-bold [&_.marketing-code]:p-1 [&_.marketing-code.marketing-code--block]:p-4 [&_.marketing-code--block]:block [&_.marketing-code--block]:max-w-full [&_.marketing-code--block]:overflow-x-scroll [&_.marketing-code--block]:mb-5 [&_.partners-signup]:mt-6 [&_.partners-signup]:mb-12 [&_.partners-signup]:bg-gray-200 [&_.partners-signup]:p-3 [&_.partners-signup]:md:p-6 [&_.table]:block [&_.table]:overflow-x-scroll [&_.table]:max-w-full text-engineering-dark-text [&_h2]:text-inherit [&_h3]:text-inherit [&_h4]:text-inherit [&_.heading--4]:text-inherit [&_a]:text-[#E7ECFB] [&_strong]:text-engineering-dark-text" itemProp="articleBody"><div class="hidden leadpage-container leadpage__image leadpage__content marketing-button hide--mobile block--bordered"></div><div><p>Whether processing checkouts through Shop Pay or shopping via the Shop app, security is paramount to Shopify—as is providing a frictionless authentication experience. </p> <p>Passkeys are a new login credential based on public-key cryptography that replace the need for username and password sign-ins. When Passkeys began receiving mainstream adoption <a href="https://fidoalliance.org/apple-google-and-microsoft-commit-to-expanded-support-for-fido-standard-to-accelerate-availability-of-passwordless-sign-ins/" target="_blank" title="Fido Alliance passkeys announcement" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">last year through the FIDO Alliance</a>, the Shop team saw the perfect opportunity to upgrade our authentication mechanism while maintaining the ease of use for which our product is known. In December 2022, we started <a href="https://www.shopify.com/blog/ecommerce-payment-authentication" target="_blank" title="Shopify ecommerce payment authentication">deploying passkeys</a> to Shop's authentication flows on the web and in our native app to replace email and SMS verification.</p> <p>Currently, Shop Pay customers authenticate using a code that we send to their verified email address or to verified phone number via SMS. While we support the security of our users’ accounts, the security of the Shop Pay account is only as good as the security of the email account and/or phone number associated with it, which varies depending on the provider. Passkeys have proven to be phishing-resistant and generally a lot more secure than passwords, while retaining a convenient authentication process. </p> <p>Passkeys are now supported in Android and Chrome by the latest version of <a href="https://security.googleblog.com/2022/10/SecurityofPasskeysintheGooglePasswordManager.html" target="_blank" title="google password manager security" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Google Password Manager</a>, and on iOS devices and Safari by <a href="https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2022/10092/" target="_blank" title="apple icloud keychain" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Apple</a>’s iCloud Keychain. This is how it works: When signing in to an app or website, users generate a private/public keypair—a private key stored locally on their device, while the website they’re registering on stores a public key. As long as the device is safe, the user credentials are safe. No usernames and passwords that can be leaked are required. On the client side, passkeys can use <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/#platform-authenticators" target="_blank" title="platform authenticators" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">platform authenticators</a> that are part of the device (such as biometrics); <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/#roaming-authenticators" target="_blank" title="roaming authenticators" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">roaming authenticators</a>, which can be connected to any device (hardware keys such as <a href="https://developers.yubico.com/Developer_Program/WebAuthn_Starter_Kit/Platform_and_Roaming_Authenticators.html" target="_blank" title="YubiKeys" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">YubiKeys</a>); or other software methods with high security guarantees.</p> <figure> <div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0779/4361/files/Shop_passkeys_login.jpg?v=1679509746" alt="The Shop Pay passkeys login page"></div> <figcaption>When users are given the option to login, they can tap the Passkeys button and their device will allow them to select from a list of passkeys previously registered on the device.</figcaption> </figure> <p>Shop Pay, like Shopify, is built on Ruby on Rails. To support passkeys, we used the excellent <a href="https://github.com/cedarcode/webauthn-ruby" target="_blank" title="webauthn-ruby gem" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">webauthn-ruby gem</a>, which is well maintained by the community. Although we were initially building passkeys support for our main flows on the Shop domain, we wanted our customers to be able to use these passkeys anywhere they interacted with Shopify, such as a Shopify merchant storefront. Thus, we integrated passkeys into our login component and offered passkeys from within an iframe—<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/#sctn-iframe-guidance" target="_blank" title="WebAuthn Level 2 spec" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">supported in the WebAuthn Level 2 spec</a>.</p> <p>In this post, I’ll explain how the Passkey registration and login flows work, and how improving support for passkeys will help passwordless credentials gain mainstream adoption.</p> <figure> <div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0779/4361/files/Passkeys_registration_flow.jpg?v=1679509514" alt="A diagram of the passkeys registration flow" loading="lazy"></div> <figcaption>Passkeys registration flow</figcaption> </figure> <h2>How the Passkey Registration Flow Works</h2> <p>Initially, we’re using passkeys as an additional authentication method for users who have previously signed up for Shop. Once the user has signed up and authenticated with email or SMS verification, they have the option of adding a passkey. The passkey registration flow works like this:</p> <ol> <li>The user clicks on the button to enroll a new passkey.</li> <li>On the backend, call <code>WebAuthn::Credential.options_for_create</code> to define how webauthn credential should be created, ensuring the user can only register one passkey from a specific device. This avoids confusion during login.</li> <li> <code>WebAuthn::Credential.options_for_create</code> produces a challenge, which the server stores in the database for the duration of the verification. This challenge is also returned to the user's device for creating the passkey.</li> <li>The user's browser prompts them for biometric authentication or a password to generate the private/public keypair.</li> <li>When the user's browser sends back the public key, the server verifies it matches the stored challenge and comes from an allowed domain.</li> <li>The server calls <code>WebAuthn::RelyingParty.verify_registration</code> with the credentials sent by the user's browser and the challenge.</li> <li>The credential is then stored in the database and associated with the id generated from  <code>WebAuthn::RelyingParty.verify_registration</code>.</li> <li>The user is informed that the passkey was added successfully.</li> </ol> <figure> <div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0779/4361/files/Passkeys_login_flow.jpg?v=1679509544" alt="A diagram of the passkeys login flow" loading="lazy"></div> <figcaption>Passkeys login flow</figcaption> </figure> <h2>How the Passkey Login Flow Works</h2> <p>The process for authenticating an user once a passkey has been generated and the server has stored the public key is very similar to the above flow, except that in the last step:</p> <ol> <li>The server looks up the credential associated with the device by using the id, which was created earlier with <code>WebAuthn::RelyingParty.verify_registration</code>.</li> <li>The server calls <code>WebAuthn::RelyingParty.verify_authentication</code> to authenticate the user while also updating the sign count.</li> </ol> <h2>What We Learned </h2> <p>Here are some of the lessons learned during this project about improving the passkeys experience for users: </p> <ol> <li>Passkeys associated with a domain can be used to authenticate with all its subdomains. If you only want to use passkeys to authenticate with specific subdomains, make sure you whitelist those.</li> <li>To provide the best experience for users, be explicit about specifying <code>authenticator_selection: "platform"</code> to ask for platform authenticator (Touch ID, fingerprint, etc, and not security keys), as well as setting <code>require_resident_key</code> to true (discoverable credential, that is, a passkey).<br><br> </li> <script src="https://gist.github.com/ShopifyEng/a1d05fb2fbf972d7b55f7a000d34ad59.js"></script> <li>To protect against a replay attack, save the challenge to the database for the duration of the verification process. Verify the challenge once you receive the public key from the user's device and remove it after it's found.<br><br> </li> <script src="https://gist.github.com/ShopifyEng/8337c407272b9f4392e32dce868c26ca.js"></script> </ol> <h2>Conditional UI Support</h2> <p>The Shop Pay team is also excited about <a href="https://github.com/w3c/webauthn/wiki/Explainer:-WebAuthn-Conditional-UI" target="_blank" title="Conditional UI for passkeys" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer">Conditional UI for passkeys</a>. This is when the passkey provider (for example browser or operating system) is proactively displaying the passkeys available for login as people are about to enter login information, eliminating the need for an explicit passkey button tap. </p> <p>Given Shop Pay is available on storefronts as an embedded user experience, we see Conditional UI as a key way for users to know they can use their Shop passkey on a given website. We’re still testing and measuring the impact of Conditional UI implementations by the browser/OS providers, as they are refining both their passkey-available and passkey-not-available experience—the latter being very visible on desktop (see below screenshot). If this is the first time a user is encountering passkeys, this could be confusing. Under the right conditions, the Conditional UI experience is magical, and we’re excited to roll it out soon.</p> <figure> <div style="text-align: center;"><img src="https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0779/4361/files/Passkeys_Conditional_UI_094aa793-74c4-4e4a-ae09-922487f56830.jpg?v=1679509820" alt="Conditional UI on Chrome desktop browser and risk of confusion for users without Passkeys" style="float: none;" loading="lazy"></div> <br> <figcaption>Conditional UI on Chrome desktop browser risks confusion for users without Passkeys.</figcaption> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure> <h2>What's Next for Passkeys</h2> <p>As a user, passkeys give you peace of mind knowing that regardless of what happens, your credentials are safe within your device. For a web service like Shop, passkeys provide a lower friction, more secure experience for users. The advantage of passwords, however, is their universality: no matter what device or browser you use, you can use passwords for authentication. In order for passkeys to be more widely adopted, better support is needed so users can take advantage of passkeys, whether they're using a phone, a tablet, or a desktop computer on their browser choice. We’d also like to see better cross-device syncing and interoperability in the future so a passkey generated on a phone can be used on a desktop computer and across operating systems.</p> <p>After rolling out initial support in our Shop Pay and Sign in with Shop web flows, as well as the Shop App, we'll continue expanding support to every location customers interact with Shop. We'll enable Conditional UI once its support is polished, and as passkeys support grows on different devices, browsers, and operating systems, we'll ensure that millions of Shop Pay users can benefit from increased security when making a purchase.</p> <div class="marketing-block marketing-block--light marketing-block--padded my-12 border-l-2 pl-4 [&_h2]:!mt-0 [&_h2]:mb-6 [&_h2]:text-t5 [&_h3]:!mt-0 [&_h3]:mb-6 [&_h3]:text-t7 [&_h4]:!mt-0 [&_h4]:mb-6 [&_h4]:text-t8 [&_ul]:!mt-0 [&_ul]:mb-6 [&_ul:last-child]:mb-0 [&_ol]:!mt-0 [&_ol]:mb-6 [&_ol:last-child]:mb-0 [&_p]:!mt-0 [&_p]:mb-6 [&_p:last-child]:mb-0 text-engineering-dark-text [&_*]:!text-engineering-dark-text bg-transparent border-engineering-highlight"> <p><strong>Abraão (Abe) Lourenço</strong> is a Shop Engineering Manager for the Shop Trust team, leading the team in keeping Shop and Shop Pay safe for our customers. He's passionate about technology and building high-performance teams.</p> </div> <hr> <p>We all get shit done, ship fast, and learn. We operate on low process and high trust, and trade on impact. You have to care deeply about what you’re doing, and commit to continuously developing your craft, to keep pace here. If you’re seeking hypergrowth, can solve complex problems, and can thrive on change (and a bit of chaos), you’ve found the right place. Visit our <a href="http://www.shopify.com/careers/specialties/engineering?itcat=EngBlog&itterm=Post" target="_blank" title="Shopify Careers">Engineering career page</a> to find your role.</p></div></div><div class="border-t tablet-xl:border-[#d4d4d8] my-16 py-6 flex tablet-xl:flex-row justify-between flex-col"><div class="flex items-center tablet-xl:justify-start tablet-xl:flex-row flex-row-reverse justify-between"><div class="self-center flex flex-col"><div class="gap-x-1 flex flex-wrap text-lg font-aktivgroteskextended leading-[18px] font-bold mb-2 text-engineering-dark-text"> by <span itemProp="author" itemscope="" itemType="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="/authors/abraão-(abe)-lourenço" class="no-underline" itemProp="url"><span itemProp="name">Abraão (Abe) Lourenço</span></a></span></div><div class="text-body-sm font-normal text-engineering-dark-accent">Last updated <time>Mar 24, 2023</time></div></div></div><div class="xs:border-b tablet-xl:border-0 pb-4"><div class="font-bold 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Lourenço","avatarUrl":"https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/163873578b02ff738bcf4eb7d629a175?s=200\u0026d=404","isDisabledAuthor":false},"id":"gid://shopify/Article/557888110648","handle":"supporting-passkeys-in-shop-authentication-flows","title":"Supporting Passkeys in Shop's Authentication Flows","publishedAt":"2023-03-24T13:00:01Z","image":{"__typename":"Image","url":"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0779/4361/articles/ShopifyEng_BlogSupporting_Shop_Passkeys.jpg?v=1679500527","altText":null,"width":1024,"height":430},"tags":["Security"],"contentHtml":"\u003cp\u003eWhether processing checkouts through Shop Pay or shopping via the Shop app, security is paramount to Shopify—as is providing a frictionless authentication experience. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePasskeys are a new login credential based on public-key cryptography that replace the need for username and password sign-ins. When Passkeys began receiving mainstream adoption \u003ca href=\"https://fidoalliance.org/apple-google-and-microsoft-commit-to-expanded-support-for-fido-standard-to-accelerate-availability-of-passwordless-sign-ins/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Fido Alliance passkeys announcement\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003elast year through the FIDO Alliance\u003c/a\u003e, the Shop team saw the perfect opportunity to upgrade our authentication mechanism while maintaining the ease of use for which our product is known. In December 2022, we started \u003ca href=\"https://www.shopify.com/blog/ecommerce-payment-authentication\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Shopify ecommerce payment authentication\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003edeploying passkeys\u003c/a\u003e to Shop's authentication flows on the web and in our native app to replace email and SMS verification.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, Shop Pay customers authenticate using a code that we send to their verified email address or to verified phone number via SMS. While we support the security of our users’ accounts, the security of the Shop Pay account is only as good as the security of the email account and/or phone number associated with it, which varies depending on the provider. Passkeys have proven to be phishing-resistant and generally a lot more secure than passwords, while retaining a convenient authentication process. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePasskeys are now supported in Android and Chrome by the latest version of \u003ca href=\"https://security.googleblog.com/2022/10/SecurityofPasskeysintheGooglePasswordManager.html\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"google password manager security\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eGoogle Password Manager\u003c/a\u003e, and on iOS devices and Safari by \u003ca href=\"https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2022/10092/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"apple icloud keychain\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eApple\u003c/a\u003e’s iCloud Keychain. This is how it works: When signing in to an app or website, users generate a private/public keypair—a private key stored locally on their device, while the website they’re registering on stores a public key. As long as the device is safe, the user credentials are safe. No usernames and passwords that can be leaked are required. On the client side, passkeys can use \u003ca href=\"https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/#platform-authenticators\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"platform authenticators\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eplatform authenticators\u003c/a\u003e that are part of the device (such as biometrics); \u003ca href=\"https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/#roaming-authenticators\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"roaming authenticators\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eroaming authenticators\u003c/a\u003e, which can be connected to any device (hardware keys such as \u003ca href=\"https://developers.yubico.com/Developer_Program/WebAuthn_Starter_Kit/Platform_and_Roaming_Authenticators.html\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"YubiKeys\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eYubiKeys\u003c/a\u003e); or other software methods with high security guarantees.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0779/4361/files/Shop_passkeys_login.jpg?v=1679509746\" alt=\"The Shop Pay passkeys login page\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003eWhen users are given the option to login, they can tap the Passkeys button and their device will allow them to select from a list of passkeys previously registered on the device.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShop Pay, like Shopify, is built on Ruby on Rails. To support passkeys, we used the excellent \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/cedarcode/webauthn-ruby\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"webauthn-ruby gem\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ewebauthn-ruby gem\u003c/a\u003e, which is well maintained by the community. Although we were initially building passkeys support for our main flows on the Shop domain, we wanted our customers to be able to use these passkeys anywhere they interacted with Shopify, such as a Shopify merchant storefront. Thus, we integrated passkeys into our login component and offered passkeys from within an iframe—\u003ca href=\"https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/#sctn-iframe-guidance\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"WebAuthn Level 2 spec\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003esupported in the WebAuthn Level 2 spec\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this post, I’ll explain how the Passkey registration and login flows work, and how improving support for passkeys will help passwordless credentials gain mainstream adoption.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0779/4361/files/Passkeys_registration_flow.jpg?v=1679509514\" alt=\"A diagram of the passkeys registration flow\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003ePasskeys registration flow\u003c/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow the Passkey Registration Flow Works\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInitially, we’re using passkeys as an additional authentication method for users who have previously signed up for Shop. Once the user has signed up and authenticated with email or SMS verification, they have the option of adding a passkey. The passkey registration flow works like this:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe user clicks on the button to enroll a new passkey.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn the backend, call \u003ccode\u003eWebAuthn::Credential.options_for_create\u003c/code\u003e to define how webauthn credential should be created, ensuring the user can only register one passkey from a specific device. This avoids confusion during login.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ccode\u003eWebAuthn::Credential.options_for_create\u003c/code\u003e produces a challenge, which the server stores in the database for the duration of the verification. This challenge is also returned to the user's device for creating the passkey.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe user's browser prompts them for biometric authentication or a password to generate the private/public keypair.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWhen the user's browser sends back the public key, the server verifies it matches the stored challenge and comes from an allowed domain.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe server calls \u003ccode\u003eWebAuthn::RelyingParty.verify_registration\u003c/code\u003e with the credentials sent by the user's browser and the challenge.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe credential is then stored in the database and associated with the id generated from \u003ccode\u003eWebAuthn::RelyingParty.verify_registration\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe user is informed that the passkey was added successfully.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cfigure\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0779/4361/files/Passkeys_login_flow.jpg?v=1679509544\" alt=\"A diagram of the passkeys login flow\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003ePasskeys login flow\u003c/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow the Passkey Login Flow Works\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe process for authenticating an user once a passkey has been generated and the server has stored the public key is very similar to the above flow, except that in the last step:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe server looks up the credential associated with the device by using the id, which was created earlier with \u003ccode\u003eWebAuthn::RelyingParty.verify_registration\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe server calls \u003ccode\u003eWebAuthn::RelyingParty.verify_authentication\u003c/code\u003e to authenticate the user while also updating the sign count.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat We Learned \u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHere are some of the lessons learned during this project about improving the passkeys experience for users: \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePasskeys associated with a domain can be used to authenticate with all its subdomains. If you only want to use passkeys to authenticate with specific subdomains, make sure you whitelist those.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTo provide the best experience for users, be explicit about specifying \u003ccode\u003eauthenticator_selection: \"platform\"\u003c/code\u003e to ask for platform authenticator (Touch ID, fingerprint, etc, and not security keys), as well as setting \u003ccode\u003erequire_resident_key\u003c/code\u003e to true (discoverable credential, that is, a passkey).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cscript src=\"https://gist.github.com/ShopifyEng/a1d05fb2fbf972d7b55f7a000d34ad59.js\"\u003e\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTo protect against a replay attack, save the challenge to the database for the duration of the verification process. Verify the challenge once you receive the public key from the user's device and remove it after it's found.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cscript src=\"https://gist.github.com/ShopifyEng/8337c407272b9f4392e32dce868c26ca.js\"\u003e\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eConditional UI Support\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Shop Pay team is also excited about \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/w3c/webauthn/wiki/Explainer:-WebAuthn-Conditional-UI\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Conditional UI for passkeys\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eConditional UI for passkeys\u003c/a\u003e. This is when the passkey provider (for example browser or operating system) is proactively displaying the passkeys available for login as people are about to enter login information, eliminating the need for an explicit passkey button tap. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGiven Shop Pay is available on storefronts as an embedded user experience, we see Conditional UI as a key way for users to know they can use their Shop passkey on a given website. We’re still testing and measuring the impact of Conditional UI implementations by the browser/OS providers, as they are refining both their passkey-available and passkey-not-available experience—the latter being very visible on desktop (see below screenshot). If this is the first time a user is encountering passkeys, this could be confusing. Under the right conditions, the Conditional UI experience is magical, and we’re excited to roll it out soon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0779/4361/files/Passkeys_Conditional_UI_094aa793-74c4-4e4a-ae09-922487f56830.jpg?v=1679509820\" alt=\"Conditional UI on Chrome desktop browser and risk of confusion for users without Passkeys\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003eConditional UI on Chrome desktop browser risks confusion for users without Passkeys.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat's Next for Passkeys\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a user, passkeys give you peace of mind knowing that regardless of what happens, your credentials are safe within your device. For a web service like Shop, passkeys provide a lower friction, more secure experience for users. The advantage of passwords, however, is their universality: no matter what device or browser you use, you can use passwords for authentication. In order for passkeys to be more widely adopted, better support is needed so users can take advantage of passkeys, whether they're using a phone, a tablet, or a desktop computer on their browser choice. We’d also like to see better cross-device syncing and interoperability in the future so a passkey generated on a phone can be used on a desktop computer and across operating systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rolling out initial support in our Shop Pay and Sign in with Shop web flows, as well as the Shop App, we'll continue expanding support to every location customers interact with Shop. We'll enable Conditional UI once its support is polished, and as passkeys support grows on different devices, browsers, and operating systems, we'll ensure that millions of Shop Pay users can benefit from increased security when making a purchase.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"marketing-block marketing-block--light marketing-block--padded\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbraão (Abe) Lourenço\u003c/strong\u003e is a Shop Engineering Manager for the Shop Trust team, leading the team in keeping Shop and Shop Pay safe for our customers. He's passionate about technology and building high-performance teams.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe all get shit done, ship fast, and learn. We operate on low process and high trust, and trade on impact. You have to care deeply about what you’re doing, and commit to continuously developing your craft, to keep pace here. If you’re seeking hypergrowth, can solve complex problems, and can thrive on change (and a bit of chaos), you’ve found the right place. Visit our \u003ca href=\"http://www.shopify.com/careers/specialties/engineering?itcat=EngBlog\u0026amp;itterm=Post\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Shopify Careers\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eEngineering career page\u003c/a\u003e to find your role.\u003c/p\u003e","excerpt":"Passkeys are a new login credential based on public-key cryptography that replace the need for username and password sign-ins.","excerptHtml":"\u003cmeta charset=\"utf-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePasskeys are a new login credential based on public-key cryptography that replace the need for username and password sign-ins.\u003c/span\u003e","seo":{"__typename":"SEO","title":null,"description":"Passkeys are a new login credential based on public-key cryptography that replace the need for username and password sign-ins."},"metafields":[null,null,null,null,null,null,null],"imageUrl":"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0779/4361/articles/ShopifyEng_BlogSupporting_Shop_Passkeys.jpg?v=1679500527","imageAltText":null,"imageClass":"","modifiedAt":"Mar 24, 2023","modifiedAtRaw":"2023-03-24T13:00:01Z"},"metaDescription":"Passkeys are a new login credential based on public-key cryptography that replace the need for username and password sign-ins.","contentHtml":"\u003cp\u003eWhether processing checkouts through Shop Pay or shopping via the Shop app, security is paramount to Shopify—as is providing a frictionless authentication experience.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePasskeys are a new login credential based on public-key cryptography that replace the need for username and password sign-ins. When Passkeys began receiving mainstream adoption \u003ca href=\"https://fidoalliance.org/apple-google-and-microsoft-commit-to-expanded-support-for-fido-standard-to-accelerate-availability-of-passwordless-sign-ins/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Fido Alliance passkeys announcement\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"\u003elast year through the FIDO Alliance\u003c/a\u003e, the Shop team saw the perfect opportunity to upgrade our authentication mechanism while maintaining the ease of use for which our product is known. In December 2022, we started \u003ca href=\"https://www.shopify.com/blog/ecommerce-payment-authentication\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Shopify ecommerce payment authentication\"\u003edeploying passkeys\u003c/a\u003e to Shop's authentication flows on the web and in our native app to replace email and SMS verification.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCurrently, Shop Pay customers authenticate using a code that we send to their verified email address or to verified phone number via SMS. While we support the security of our users’ accounts, the security of the Shop Pay account is only as good as the security of the email account and/or phone number associated with it, which varies depending on the provider. Passkeys have proven to be phishing-resistant and generally a lot more secure than passwords, while retaining a convenient authentication process.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePasskeys are now supported in Android and Chrome by the latest version of \u003ca href=\"https://security.googleblog.com/2022/10/SecurityofPasskeysintheGooglePasswordManager.html\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"google password manager security\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"\u003eGoogle Password Manager\u003c/a\u003e, and on iOS devices and Safari by \u003ca href=\"https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2022/10092/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"apple icloud keychain\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"\u003eApple\u003c/a\u003e’s iCloud Keychain. This is how it works: When signing in to an app or website, users generate a private/public keypair—a private key stored locally on their device, while the website they’re registering on stores a public key. As long as the device is safe, the user credentials are safe. No usernames and passwords that can be leaked are required. On the client side, passkeys can use \u003ca href=\"https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/#platform-authenticators\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"platform authenticators\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"\u003eplatform authenticators\u003c/a\u003e that are part of the device (such as biometrics); \u003ca href=\"https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/#roaming-authenticators\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"roaming authenticators\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"\u003eroaming authenticators\u003c/a\u003e, which can be connected to any device (hardware keys such as \u003ca href=\"https://developers.yubico.com/Developer_Program/WebAuthn_Starter_Kit/Platform_and_Roaming_Authenticators.html\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"YubiKeys\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"\u003eYubiKeys\u003c/a\u003e); or other software methods with high security guarantees.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0779/4361/files/Shop_passkeys_login.jpg?v=1679509746\" alt=\"The Shop Pay passkeys login page\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003eWhen users are given the option to login, they can tap the Passkeys button and their device will allow them to select from a list of passkeys previously registered on the device.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShop Pay, like Shopify, is built on Ruby on Rails. To support passkeys, we used the excellent \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/cedarcode/webauthn-ruby\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"webauthn-ruby gem\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"\u003ewebauthn-ruby gem\u003c/a\u003e, which is well maintained by the community. Although we were initially building passkeys support for our main flows on the Shop domain, we wanted our customers to be able to use these passkeys anywhere they interacted with Shopify, such as a Shopify merchant storefront. Thus, we integrated passkeys into our login component and offered passkeys from within an iframe—\u003ca href=\"https://www.w3.org/TR/webauthn-2/#sctn-iframe-guidance\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"WebAuthn Level 2 spec\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"\u003esupported in the WebAuthn Level 2 spec\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this post, I’ll explain how the Passkey registration and login flows work, and how improving support for passkeys will help passwordless credentials gain mainstream adoption.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0779/4361/files/Passkeys_registration_flow.jpg?v=1679509514\" alt=\"A diagram of the passkeys registration flow\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003ePasskeys registration flow\u003c/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow the Passkey Registration Flow Works\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInitially, we’re using passkeys as an additional authentication method for users who have previously signed up for Shop. Once the user has signed up and authenticated with email or SMS verification, they have the option of adding a passkey. The passkey registration flow works like this:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe user clicks on the button to enroll a new passkey.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOn the backend, call \u003ccode\u003eWebAuthn::Credential.options_for_create\u003c/code\u003e to define how webauthn credential should be created, ensuring the user can only register one passkey from a specific device. This avoids confusion during login.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ccode\u003eWebAuthn::Credential.options_for_create\u003c/code\u003e produces a challenge, which the server stores in the database for the duration of the verification. This challenge is also returned to the user's device for creating the passkey.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe user's browser prompts them for biometric authentication or a password to generate the private/public keypair.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWhen the user's browser sends back the public key, the server verifies it matches the stored challenge and comes from an allowed domain.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe server calls \u003ccode\u003eWebAuthn::RelyingParty.verify_registration\u003c/code\u003e with the credentials sent by the user's browser and the challenge.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe credential is then stored in the database and associated with the id generated from\u0026nbsp; \u003ccode\u003eWebAuthn::RelyingParty.verify_registration\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe user is informed that the passkey was added successfully.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cfigure\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0779/4361/files/Passkeys_login_flow.jpg?v=1679509544\" alt=\"A diagram of the passkeys login flow\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003ePasskeys login flow\u003c/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow the Passkey Login Flow Works\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe process for authenticating an user once a passkey has been generated and the server has stored the public key is very similar to the above flow, except that in the last step:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe server looks up the credential associated with the device by using the id, which was created earlier with \u003ccode\u003eWebAuthn::RelyingParty.verify_registration\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe server calls \u003ccode\u003eWebAuthn::RelyingParty.verify_authentication\u003c/code\u003e to authenticate the user while also updating the sign count.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat We Learned\u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHere are some of the lessons learned during this project about improving the passkeys experience for users:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePasskeys associated with a domain can be used to authenticate with\u0026nbsp;all its\u0026nbsp;subdomains. If you\u0026nbsp;only want to use passkeys to authenticate with specific subdomains, make sure you whitelist those.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTo provide the best experience for users, be explicit about specifying \u003ccode\u003eauthenticator_selection: \"platform\"\u003c/code\u003e to ask for platform authenticator (Touch ID, fingerprint, etc, and not security keys), as well as setting \u003ccode\u003erequire_resident_key\u003c/code\u003e to true (discoverable credential, that is, a passkey).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cscript src=\"https://gist.github.com/ShopifyEng/a1d05fb2fbf972d7b55f7a000d34ad59.js\"\u003e\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTo protect against a replay attack, save the challenge to the database for the duration of the verification process. Verify the challenge once you receive the public key from the user's device and remove it after it's found.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cscript src=\"https://gist.github.com/ShopifyEng/8337c407272b9f4392e32dce868c26ca.js\"\u003e\u003c/script\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eConditional UI Support\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Shop Pay team is also excited about \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/w3c/webauthn/wiki/Explainer:-WebAuthn-Conditional-UI\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Conditional UI for passkeys\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\"\u003eConditional UI for passkeys\u003c/a\u003e. This is when the passkey provider (for example browser or operating system) is proactively displaying the passkeys available for login as people are about to enter login information, eliminating the need for an explicit passkey button tap.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGiven Shop Pay is available on storefronts as an embedded user experience, we see Conditional UI as a key way for users to know they can use their Shop passkey on a given website. We’re still testing and measuring the impact of Conditional UI implementations by the browser/OS providers, as they are refining both their passkey-available and passkey-not-available experience—the latter being very visible on desktop (see below screenshot). If this is the first time a user is encountering passkeys, this could be confusing. Under the right conditions, the Conditional UI experience is magical, and we’re excited to roll it out soon.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cfigure\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0779/4361/files/Passkeys_Conditional_UI_094aa793-74c4-4e4a-ae09-922487f56830.jpg?v=1679509820\" alt=\"Conditional UI on Chrome desktop browser and risk of confusion for users without Passkeys\" style=\"float: none;\" loading=\"lazy\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003eConditional UI on Chrome desktop browser risks confusion for users without Passkeys.\u003c/figcaption\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003e\u003c/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c/figure\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat's Next for Passkeys\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a user, passkeys give you peace of mind knowing that regardless of what happens, your credentials are safe within your device. For a web service like Shop, passkeys provide a lower friction, more secure experience for users. The advantage of passwords, however, is their universality: no matter what device or browser you use, you can use passwords for authentication. In order for passkeys to be more widely adopted, better support is needed so users can take advantage of passkeys, whether they're using a phone, a tablet, or a desktop computer on their browser choice. We’d also like to see better cross-device syncing and interoperability in the future so a passkey generated on a phone can be used on a desktop computer and across operating systems.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter rolling out initial support in our Shop Pay and Sign in with Shop web flows, as well as the Shop App, we'll continue expanding support to every location customers interact with Shop. We'll enable Conditional UI once its support is polished, and as passkeys support grows on different devices, browsers, and operating systems, we'll ensure that millions of Shop Pay users can benefit from increased security when making a purchase.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"marketing-block marketing-block--light marketing-block--padded my-12 border-l-2 pl-4 [\u0026amp;_h2]:!mt-0 [\u0026amp;_h2]:mb-6 [\u0026amp;_h2]:text-t5 [\u0026amp;_h3]:!mt-0 [\u0026amp;_h3]:mb-6 [\u0026amp;_h3]:text-t7 [\u0026amp;_h4]:!mt-0 [\u0026amp;_h4]:mb-6 [\u0026amp;_h4]:text-t8 [\u0026amp;_ul]:!mt-0 [\u0026amp;_ul]:mb-6 [\u0026amp;_ul:last-child]:mb-0 [\u0026amp;_ol]:!mt-0 [\u0026amp;_ol]:mb-6 [\u0026amp;_ol:last-child]:mb-0 [\u0026amp;_p]:!mt-0 [\u0026amp;_p]:mb-6 [\u0026amp;_p:last-child]:mb-0 text-engineering-dark-text [\u0026amp;_*]:!text-engineering-dark-text bg-transparent border-engineering-highlight\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbraão (Abe) Lourenço\u003c/strong\u003e is a\u0026nbsp;Shop Engineering Manager for the Shop Trust team, leading the team in keeping Shop and Shop Pay safe for our customers. He's passionate about technology and building high-performance teams.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe all get shit done, ship fast, and learn. We operate on low process and high trust, and trade on impact. You have to care deeply about what you’re doing, and commit to continuously developing your craft, to keep pace here. If you’re seeking hypergrowth, can solve complex problems, and can thrive on change (and a bit of chaos), you’ve found the right place. Visit our \u003ca href=\"http://www.shopify.com/careers/specialties/engineering?itcat=EngBlog\u0026amp;itterm=Post\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Shopify Careers\"\u003eEngineering career page\u003c/a\u003e to find your 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