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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Mythology </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mythology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Mythology subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_imperial_mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_imperial_mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 In imperial mythology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_imperial_mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parentage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parentage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Parentage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parentage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defeat_by_Takemikazuchi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defeat_by_Takemikazuchi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 Defeat by Takemikazuchi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defeat_by_Takemikazuchi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants_and_retellings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants_and_retellings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3 Variants and retellings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variants_and_retellings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suwa_Daimyōjin_Ekotoba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suwa_Daimyōjin_Ekotoba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3.1 Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suwa_Daimyōjin_Ekotoba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_versions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_versions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.3.2 Other versions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_versions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_myths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_myths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Other myths </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_myths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Entry_into_Suwa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entry_into_Suwa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Entry into Suwa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entry_into_Suwa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Ōhōri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Ōhōri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 The Ōhōri </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Ōhōri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_King_of_Hadai" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_King_of_Hadai"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3 The King of Hadai </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_King_of_Hadai-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Suwa_Mishirushibumi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Suwa_Mishirushibumi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3.1 The Suwa Mishirushibumi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Suwa_Mishirushibumi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suwa_Myōjin_and_the_frog_god" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suwa_Myōjin_and_the_frog_god"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.4 Suwa Myōjin and the frog god </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suwa_Myōjin_and_the_frog_god-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_dragon_(serpent)_deity_of_Suwa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_dragon_(serpent)_deity_of_Suwa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.5 The dragon (serpent) deity of Suwa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_dragon_(serpent)_deity_of_Suwa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Omiwatari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Omiwatari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.6 Omiwatari </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Omiwatari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_god_of_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_god_of_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.7 As god of war </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_god_of_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Analysis </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Analysis subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Takeminakata_in_the_Kojiki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Takeminakata_in_the_Kojiki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Takeminakata in the Kojiki </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Takeminakata_in_the_Kojiki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suwa_Myōjin_and_Moriya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suwa_Myōjin_and_Moriya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Suwa Myōjin and Moriya </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suwa_Myōjin_and_Moriya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Takeminakata_in_imperial_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Takeminakata_in_imperial_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Takeminakata in imperial sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Takeminakata_in_imperial_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consort_and_Offspring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consort_and_Offspring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Consort and Offspring </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Consort_and_Offspring-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Consort and Offspring subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Consort_and_Offspring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yasakatome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yasakatome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Yasakatome </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yasakatome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Princess_Kasuga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Princess_Kasuga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Princess Kasuga </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Princess_Kasuga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Children </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Claimed_descendants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Claimed_descendants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Claimed descendants </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Claimed_descendants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suwa_clan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suwa_clan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 Suwa clan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suwa_clan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_clans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_clans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.2 Other clans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_clans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Worship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Worship </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Worship-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Worship subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Worship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Shrines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shrines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Shrines </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shrines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_god_of_wind_and_water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_god_of_wind_and_water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 As god of wind and water </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_god_of_wind_and_water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Association_with_snakes_and_dragons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Association_with_snakes_and_dragons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Association with snakes and dragons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Association_with_snakes_and_dragons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Under_shinbutsu-shūgō" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Under_shinbutsu-shūgō"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Under shinbutsu-shūgō </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Under_shinbutsu-shūgō-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_god_of_hunting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_god_of_hunting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 As god of hunting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_god_of_hunting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suwa_Myōjin_and_meat_eating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suwa_Myōjin_and_meat_eating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.1 Suwa Myōjin and meat eating </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suwa_Myōjin_and_meat_eating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_war_god" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_war_god"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 As war god </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_war_god-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family_tree" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family_tree"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Family tree </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family_tree-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Japanese god of wind, water, hunting and agriculture</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background-color: #A12F25; color: #FFFFFF;">Takeminakata-no-Kami</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="font-size: 110%;">God of the wind, water, hunting and warfare</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Suwa-taisha,_Kamisha_Honmiya,_haiden-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Suwa-taisha%2C_Kamisha_Honmiya%2C_haiden-3.jpg/220px-Suwa-taisha%2C_Kamisha_Honmiya%2C_haiden-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Suwa-taisha%2C_Kamisha_Honmiya%2C_haiden-3.jpg/330px-Suwa-taisha%2C_Kamisha_Honmiya%2C_haiden-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Suwa-taisha%2C_Kamisha_Honmiya%2C_haiden-3.jpg/440px-Suwa-taisha%2C_Kamisha_Honmiya%2C_haiden-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5932" data-file-height="3872" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">The main shrine or Honmiya (本宮) of the Upper Shrine (上社, Kamisha) of Suwa, one of the two main sites that make up <a href="/wiki/Suwa-taisha" title="Suwa-taisha">Suwa Grand Shrine</a>. Takeminakata is enshrined in the Upper Shrine located southeast of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Suwa" title="Lake Suwa">Lake Suwa</a>, while his consort <a href="/wiki/Yasakatome" title="Yasakatome">Yasakatome</a> is worshiped on the Lower Shrine (下社, Shimosha) on the other (northwest) side of the lake.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Takeminakata-no-Mikoto (建御名方命, 健御名方命) Minakatatomi-no-Kami (南方刀美神) Minakatatomi-no-Mikoto (御名方富命) Takeminakatatomi-no-Mikoto (建御名方富命, 健御名方富命) Suwa <a href="/wiki/My%C5%8Djin" title="Myōjin">Myōjin</a> (諏訪明神, 諏方明神) Suwa Daimyōjin (諏訪大明神, 諏方大明神) Suwa Hosshō Daimyōjin (諏訪法性大明神, 諏方法性大明神) Suwa Nangū Hosshō Kamishimo Daimyōjin (諏訪南宮法性上下大明神, 諏方南宮法性上下大明神) Suwa Shōichii Nangū Hosshō Daimyōjin (諏訪正一位南宮法性大明神, 諏方正一位南宮法性大明神) Suwa-no-Ōkami (諏訪大神) Suwa-no-Kami (諏訪神) O-Suwa-sama (お諏訪様 / お諏訪さま)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Japanese</th><td class="infobox-data">建御名方神</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major cult center</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Suwa-taisha" title="Suwa-taisha">Suwa Grand Shrine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbols</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Snake" title="Snake">snake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_dragon" title="Japanese dragon">dragon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Texts</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sendai_Kuji_Hongi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sendai Kuji Hongi">Sendai Kuji Hongi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suwa_Daimy%C5%8Djin_Ekotoba" title="Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba">Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #A12F25; color: #FFFFFF;">Genealogy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ckuninushi" title="Ōkuninushi">Ōkuninushi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nunakawahime" title="Nunakawahime">Nunakawahime</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Siblings</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kotoshironushi" title="Kotoshironushi">Kotoshironushi</a> and others</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yasakatome" title="Yasakatome">Yasakatome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Izuhayao, Katakurabe and others</td></tr></tbody></table> Takeminakata (タケミナカタ), also known as Minakatatomi or Takeminakatatomi, is a <a href="/wiki/Kami" title="Kami">kami</a> in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_mythology" title="Japanese mythology">Japanese mythology</a>. Also known as Suwa <a href="/wiki/My%C5%8Djin" title="Myōjin">Myōjin</a> (諏訪明神 / 諏方明神) or Suwa Daimyōjin (諏訪大明神 / 諏方大明神) after <a href="/wiki/Suwa-taisha" title="Suwa-taisha">Suwa Grand Shrine</a> (Suwa Taisha) in <a href="/wiki/Nagano_Prefecture" title="Nagano Prefecture">Nagano Prefecture</a> in which he is enshrined alongside his consort <a href="/wiki/Yasakatome" title="Yasakatome">Yasakatome</a>, Takeminakata is historically worshiped as a god of <a href="/wiki/List_of_wind_deities" title="List of wind deities">wind</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_water_deities" title="List of water deities">water</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_nature_deities" title="List of nature deities">agriculture</a>, as well as a patron of <a href="/wiki/List_of_hunting_deities" title="List of hunting deities">hunting</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_war_deities" title="List of war deities">warfare</a>, in which capacity he enjoyed a particularly fervent cult from various <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai</a> clans during the medieval period such as the <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_clan" title="Hōjō clan">Hōjō</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Takeda_clan" title="Takeda clan">Takeda</a>. Takeminakata was also held to be the mythical ancestor of certain families who once served at the shrine as priests, foremost among them being the <a href="/wiki/Suwa_clan" title="Suwa clan">Suwa clan</a>, the high priests of the Upper Shrine of Suwa who were also revered as <a href="/wiki/Arahitogami" title="Arahitogami">living</a> <a href="/wiki/Shintai" title="Shintai">vessels</a> of the god. Whereas in the <a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a> (ca. 712 CE) and later derivative accounts, Takeminakata appears as one of the sons of the god <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ckuninushi" title="Ōkuninushi">Ōkuninushi</a> who fled to <a href="/wiki/Lake_Suwa" title="Lake Suwa">Lake Suwa</a> after being defeated by the warrior god <a href="/wiki/Takemikazuchi" title="Takemikazuchi">Takemikazuchi</a>, other myths (mostly of medieval origin) instead offer alternative explanations regarding the god of Suwa Shrine's origins and identity, portraying him either as an interloper who conquered Suwa by defeating the local kami of the region, as a king from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> who <a href="/wiki/Honji_suijaku" title="Honji suijaku">manifested</a> in Japan, or as a <a href="/wiki/Snake_worship" title="Snake worship">snake</a> or <a href="/wiki/Japanese_dragon" title="Japanese dragon">dragon</a> deity. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suwa_Hossh%C5%8D_Banner_-_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E6%B3%95%E6%80%A7%E6%97%97.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Suwa_Hossh%C5%8D_Banner_-_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E6%B3%95%E6%80%A7%E6%97%97.png/135px-Suwa_Hossh%C5%8D_Banner_-_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E6%B3%95%E6%80%A7%E6%97%97.png" decoding="async" width="135" height="1101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Suwa_Hossh%C5%8D_Banner_-_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E6%B3%95%E6%80%A7%E6%97%97.png/203px-Suwa_Hossh%C5%8D_Banner_-_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E6%B3%95%E6%80%A7%E6%97%97.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Suwa_Hossh%C5%8D_Banner_-_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E6%B3%95%E6%80%A7%E6%97%97.png 2x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="2080" /></a><figcaption>Reproduction of <a href="/wiki/Takeda_Shingen" title="Takeda Shingen">Takeda Shingen</a>'s Suwa Hosshō banner (諏訪法性旗). The inscription reads: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%84%A1#Japanese" class="extiw" title="wikt:南無">Namu</a> Suwa Nangū Hosshō Kamishimo (or Jōge) Daimyōjin (南無諏方南宮法性上下大明神)</figcaption></figure> The god is named 'Takeminakata-no-Kami' (建御名方神) in both the <a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a> (ca. 712 CE) and the <a href="/wiki/Kujiki" title="Kujiki">Sendai Kuji Hongi</a> (ca. 807-936 CE).<a href="#cite_note-Hongi2-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hongi-2">[2]</a> Variants of the name found in the imperially commissioned <a href="/wiki/Rikkokushi" title="Rikkokushi">national histories</a> and other literary sources include the following:<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <ul><li>Minakatatomi-no-Kami (南方刀美神)</li> <li>Minakatatomi-no-Mikoto-no-Kami (御名方富命神)</li> <li>Takeminakatatomi-no-Mikoto (健御名方富命 / 建御名方富命)</li> <li>Takeminakatatomi-no-Mikoto-no-Kami (建御名方富命神)</li></ul> The etymology of the name '(Take)minakata(tomi)' is unclear. While most commentators seem to agree that take- (and probably -tomi) are honorifics, they differ in how to interpret the other components of the name. Some of the proposed solutions are as follows. <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a> <a href="/wiki/Kokugaku" title="Kokugaku">kokugaku</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/Motoori_Norinaga" title="Motoori Norinaga">Motoori Norinaga</a><a href="#cite_note-Norinaga2-4">[4]</a> explained both take- (建) and mi- (御) as honorifics (称名 tatae-na), with kata (方) as yet another tatae-na meaning "hard" or "firm" (堅). <a href="/wiki/Basil_Chamberlain" class="mw-redirect" title="Basil Chamberlain">Basil Chamberlain</a> followed Motoori's lead and rendered the god's name as 'Brave-August-Name-Firm' in his translation of the Kojiki.<a href="#cite_note-Chamberlain-5">[5]</a></li> <li><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E7%94%B0%E4%BA%AE" class="extiw" title="ja:太田亮">Ōta Akira</a> (1926) interpreted take-, mi- and -tomi as honorifics and took Nakata (名方) to be a place name: Nakata District (<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E6%96%B9%E9%83%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:名方郡">名方郡</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Awa_Province_(Tokushima)" title="Awa Province (Tokushima)">Awa Province</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Ishii,_Tokushima" title="Ishii, Tokushima">Ishii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokushima_Prefecture" title="Tokushima Prefecture">Tokushima Prefecture</a>), where <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.jp/maps/place/%E3%80%92779-3200+Tokushima-ken,+My%C5%8Dzai-gun,+Ishii-ch%C5%8D,+Urash%C5%8D,+Suwa%E2%88%92213%E2%88%921,+%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%81%E5%BE%A1%E5%A5%88%E5%88%80%E5%BC%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE/@34.0723826,134.4092873,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x35530a6f7db45037:0x3b0f62dd7dc4f1db!8m2!3d34.0723861!4d134.4114833">Takeminatomi Shrine</a> (多祁御奈刀弥神社) stands.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%92%8C%E5%B2%A9%E9%9B%84" class="extiw" title="ja:大和岩雄">Ōwa Iwao</a> (1990) suggests that the presence of <a href="/wiki/Azumi_people" title="Azumi people">Azumi people</a> in both Awa and Shinano, as well as the possible connection between the Azumi and the Lower Shrine of Suwa, may explain the similarity between 'Takeminakata(tomi)' and 'Takeminatomi'.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li> <li>Minakata has also been linked to the <a href="/wiki/Munakata_Taisha" title="Munakata Taisha">Munakata</a> (宗像) of <a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Yoshii-8">[8]</a> <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E5%B2%A1%E9%9D%99%E9%9B%84" class="extiw" title="ja:松岡静雄">Matsuoka Shizuo</a> (1936) interpreted Minakatatomi as originally being a goddess – citing the fact that the deities of Munakata shrine were female – that was later conflated with the male god Takeminakata.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></li> <li>Another explanation proposes minakata to mean "south(ern)" (南方).<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> A variant of this hypothesis sees the name as hinting at a connection between the god and <a href="/wiki/Metalworking" title="Metalworking">metalworking</a>, in which the southern direction is important: <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E5%BC%93%E5%B8%B8%E5%BF%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:真弓常忠">Mayumi Tsunetada</a> (1981) for instance proposed that Takeminakata's name refers to the southern pillar of a takadono (a high-roofed house housing a <a href="/wiki/Tatara_(furnace)" title="Tatara (furnace)">tatara</a> furnace).<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Gustav Heldt's translation of the Kojiki (2014), where the name is translated as 'Brave Southward Smelter', follows this interpretation.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li> <li>Yet another theory interprets mi(na)- to mean "water" (水), pointing to the god being a <a href="/wiki/Water_deity" class="mw-redirect" title="Water deity">water deity</a> perhaps associated with <a href="/wiki/Lake_Suwa" title="Lake Suwa">Lake Suwa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Yamaguchi-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Muraoka-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Okada-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miyasaka31-16">[16]</a> The full name is thought to derive from a word denoting a body of water or a waterside region such as 水潟 (minakata, "<a href="/wiki/Lagoon" title="Lagoon">lagoon</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Inlet" title="Inlet">inlet</a>")<a href="#cite_note-Yoshii-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Okada-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miyasaka31-16">[16]</a> or 水県 (mi(na)- "water" + agata "country(side)").<a href="#cite_note-Muraoka-14">[14]</a></li> <li>An alternative explanation for the word -tomi (as well as the -tome in '<a href="/wiki/Yasakatome" title="Yasakatome">Yasakatome</a>', the name of this god's consort) is to link it with dialectal words for "snake" (tomi, tobe, or tōbe), thereby seeing the name as hinting to the god being a kind of <a href="/wiki/Snake_worship" title="Snake worship">serpentine</a> water deity (<a href="/wiki/Mizuchi" title="Mizuchi">mizuchi</a>).<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suwa_Daimyōjin">Suwa Daimyōjin</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Suwa Daimyōjin">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/My%C5%8Djin" title="Myōjin">Myōjin</a></div> During the medieval and early modern periods, the god enshrined in <a href="/wiki/Suwa_taisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Suwa taisha">Suwa Grand Shrine</a> – specifically, in the Upper Shrine (Kamisha) located southeast of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Suwa" title="Lake Suwa">Lake Suwa</a> – was popularly known as Suwa Daimyōjin (諏訪大明神 / 諏方大明神) or Suwa Myōjin (諏訪明神), a name also applied via <a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">metonymy</a> to the shrine itself. The name '(Take)minakata(tomi)' was rarely used, if at all, during this period: indeed, medieval documents from Suwa Shrine simply refer to the god as sonshin / sonjin (尊神, "revered deity") or <a href="/wiki/My%C5%8Djin" title="Myōjin">myōjin</a> (明神, "bright deity" or "manifest deity").<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> This however is hardly unusual, as before the early modern period use of titles such as myōjin or <a href="/wiki/Gongen" title="Gongen">gongen</a> for various gods and their shrines were so widespread that these deities were rarely referred to by their classical names.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Other epithets applied to the Suwa deity include Nangū Daimyōjin (南宮大明神, "Daimyōjin of the Southern Shrine (Nangū)"), Hosshō Daimyōjin (法性大明神, "<a href="/wiki/Reality_in_Buddhism" title="Reality in Buddhism">Dharma-Nature</a> Daimyōjin"), a combination of the two such as Nangū Hosshō Daimyōjin (南宮法性大明神), or Suwa Hosshō Kamishimo (or Jōge) Daimyōjin (諏訪法性上下大明神, "Dharma-Nature Daimyōjin of the Upper and Lower Suwa [Shrines]").<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Some of the war banners used by <a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku</a> <a href="/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimyō">daimyō</a> <a href="/wiki/Takeda_Shingen" title="Takeda Shingen">Takeda Shingen</a> (a devotee of the god) for instance contain the inscription Suwa Nangū Hosshō Kamishimo / Jōge Daimyōjin (諏訪南宮法性上下大明神 / 諏方南宮法性上下大明神).<a href="#cite_note-Guide-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Hanging_scroll" title="Hanging scroll">hanging scroll</a> given by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Nara" title="Emperor Go-Nara">Emperor Go-Nara</a> (reigned 1526–1557) to the Upper Shrine in 1553 (<a href="/wiki/Tenbun" title="Tenbun">Tenbun</a> 22), written in the emperor's own calligraphy, refers to the god as Suwa Shōichii Nangū Hossho Daimyōjin (諏方正一位南宮法性大明神, "Dharma-Nature Daimyōjin of the Suwa Nangū, of <a href="/wiki/Ritsury%C5%8D#Establishment_of_court_rank" title="Ritsuryō">Upper First Rank</a>").<a href="#cite_note-miyasakayusho-23">[23]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Size_of_Lake_Suwa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Size_of_Lake_Suwa.png/300px-Size_of_Lake_Suwa.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Size_of_Lake_Suwa.png/450px-Size_of_Lake_Suwa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Size_of_Lake_Suwa.png/600px-Size_of_Lake_Suwa.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Comparison of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Suwa" title="Lake Suwa">Lake Suwa</a> at its prime (<a href="/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun</a> - <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian</a> periods) with its current size. Also shown are two of the four shrines that comprise <a href="/wiki/Suwa_Taisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Suwa Taisha">Suwa Taisha</a> (Kamisha Honmiya and Shimosha Akimiya).</figcaption></figure> A number of explanations have been proposed for the origin of the term Nangū. One theory posits it to refer to the geographical location of the Upper Suwa Shrine, which is located southeast of Lake Suwa, at the southern half of Shinano Province, while another claims it to be derived from 'Minakatatomi' (南方刀美), one of the variant names for the deity, with minakata being apparently understood to mean "south(ern)" (cf. etymology of 'Takeminakata' above).<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> The term has also been interpreted to come from the medieval belief that the Suwa deity was the guardian of the south side of the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Imperial_Palace" title="Kyoto Imperial Palace">imperial palace</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Shinbutsu-sh%C5%ABg%C5%8D" title="Shinbutsu-shūgō">Shinto-Buddhist</a> concept that the god is an enlightened being who <a href="/wiki/Honji_suijaku" title="Honji suijaku">manifested</a> in our world, which in <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cosmology" title="Buddhist cosmology">Buddhist cosmology</a> is the southern continent of <a href="/wiki/Jambudv%C4%ABpa" title="Jambudvīpa">Jambudvīpa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-miyasakayusho-23">[23]</a> Aside from Suwa Shrine, Nangū was also applied to Kanayamahiko Shrine in <a href="/wiki/Mino_Province" title="Mino Province">Mino Province</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Nang%C5%AB_Taisha" title="Nangū Taisha">Nangū Taisha</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gifu_Prefecture" title="Gifu Prefecture">Gifu Prefecture</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Aekuni_Shrine" title="Aekuni Shrine">Aekuni Shrine</a> (南宮大菩薩, Nangū Daibosatsu) in <a href="/wiki/Iga_Province" title="Iga Province">Iga Province</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Mie_Prefecture" title="Mie Prefecture">Mie Prefecture</a>). A song in the late <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a> anthology <a href="/wiki/Songs_to_Make_the_Dust_Dance_on_the_Beams" class="mw-redirect" title="Songs to Make the Dust Dance on the Beams">Ryōjin Hishō</a> associates the three shrines together, with Suwa Shrine being identified as the "head" of the three Nangū shrines (南宮の本山, nangu no honzan), the shrine at Mino as the "midmost shrine" (中の宮, naka no miya), and the shrine at Iga as the "youngest shrine" (稚の宮, chigo no miya).<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Hosshō, meanwhile, is believed to refer to the concept of the <a href="/wiki/Dharmak%C4%81ya" title="Dharmakāya">dharmakāya</a> (法性身, hosshōshin), the formless, transcendent ultimate truth that is the source of all <a href="/wiki/Buddhahood" title="Buddhahood">buddhas</a>, which are its physical manifestations (<a href="/wiki/Nirm%C4%81%E1%B9%87ak%C4%81ya" title="Nirmāṇakāya">nirmāṇakāya</a>). A certain medieval legend claims that the Suwa deity chose an eight-year-old boy to become his priest while declaring: "I have no (physical) body and so make this priest my <a href="/wiki/Shintai" title="Shintai">body</a>".<a href="#cite_note-miyasakayusho-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mythology">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_imperial_mythology">In imperial mythology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In imperial mythology">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Parentage">Parentage</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Parentage">edit</a>]</div> Takeminakata is portrayed in both the Kojiki and the Sendai Kuji Hongi as a son of the god <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ckuninushi" title="Ōkuninushi">Ōkuninushi</a>, although the former does not include him in its genealogy of Ōkuninushi's children.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The Kuji Hongi meanwhile identifies him as the son of Ōnamuchi (Ōkuninushi) with one of his wives, <a href="/wiki/Nunakawahime" title="Nunakawahime">Nunakawahime</a> of <a href="/wiki/Koshi_Province_(Japan)" title="Koshi Province (Japan)">Koshi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hongi-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Defeat_by_Takemikazuchi">Defeat by Takemikazuchi</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Defeat by Takemikazuchi">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Kuni-yuzuri" title="Kuni-yuzuri">Kuni-yuzuri</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shinpukuji-bon_Kojiki_(%E7%9C%9F%E7%A6%8F%E5%AF%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Shinpukuji-bon_Kojiki_%28%E7%9C%9F%E7%A6%8F%E5%AF%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98%29.png/238px-Shinpukuji-bon_Kojiki_%28%E7%9C%9F%E7%A6%8F%E5%AF%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98%29.png" decoding="async" width="238" height="401" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Shinpukuji-bon_Kojiki_%28%E7%9C%9F%E7%A6%8F%E5%AF%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98%29.png/357px-Shinpukuji-bon_Kojiki_%28%E7%9C%9F%E7%A6%8F%E5%AF%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Shinpukuji-bon_Kojiki_%28%E7%9C%9F%E7%A6%8F%E5%AF%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98%29.png/476px-Shinpukuji-bon_Kojiki_%28%E7%9C%9F%E7%A6%8F%E5%AF%BA%E6%9C%AC%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1115" data-file-height="1877" /></a><figcaption>The passage concerning Takeminakata's appearance and defeat from the oldest extant manuscript of the <a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a>, the Shinpukuji-bon (真福寺本, written 1371–1372)</figcaption></figure>Takeminakata appears in both the Kojiki and the Kuji Hongi in the context of Ōkuninushi's "transfer of the land" (kuni-yuzuri) to the <a href="/wiki/Amatsukami" title="Amatsukami">amatsukami</a>, the gods of the heavenly realm of <a href="/wiki/Takamagahara" title="Takamagahara">Takamagahara</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chamberlain-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-KujiHongi03-30">[30]</a> When the heavenly deities, headed by the sun goddess <a href="/wiki/Amaterasu" title="Amaterasu">Amaterasu</a> and/or the <a href="/wiki/Kotoamatsukami" title="Kotoamatsukami">primordial deity</a> <a href="/wiki/Takamimusubi" title="Takamimusubi">Takamimusubi</a>, sent <a href="/wiki/Takemikazuchi" title="Takemikazuchi">Takemikazuchi</a> and another messenger<a href="#cite_note-31">[a]</a> to demand that Ōkuninushi relinquish his authority over the earthly realm of <a href="/wiki/Ashihara_no_Nakatsukuni" title="Ashihara no Nakatsukuni">Ashihara no Nakatsukuni</a> (the "Central Land of Reed-Plains") to Amaterasu's progeny, he told the messengers to consult his son <a href="/wiki/Kotoshironushi" title="Kotoshironushi">Kotoshironushi</a>, who immediately accepted their demands and advised his father to do likewise. Upon being asked if he had any other sons who ought to express their opinion, Ōkuninushi told the messengers that he had another son named Takeminakata. <blockquote>As he was saying this, this same Takeminakata-no-Kami came bearing a tremendous boulder (千引之石, chibiki no iwa, i.e. a boulder so large it would take a thousand men to pull) on his finger-tips and said: "Who is it who has come to our land and is talking so furtively? Come, let us test our strength; I will first take your arm." When [Takemikazuchi-no-Kami] allowed [Takeminakata-no-Kami] to take his arm, he changed it into a column of ice, then again changed it into a sword blade. At this, he (Takeminakata) was afraid and drew back. Then [Takemikazuchi-no-Kami], in his turn, demanded [the right] to take hold of the arm of Takeminakata-no-Kami. When he took it, it was like taking hold of a young reed; he grasped it and crushed it, throwing it aside. Immediately, he (Takeminakata) ran away. They pursued him, and caught up with him by the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Suwa" title="Lake Suwa">lake of Suwa</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Shinano_Province" title="Shinano Province">land of Shinano</a> (科野国州羽海). As they were about to kill him, Takeminakata-no-Kami said: "Pray do not kill me. I will go to no other place. Also I will not disobey the commands of my father, Ōkuninushi-no-Kami, and will not disobey the words of the words of Yae-Kotoshironushi-no-Kami. I will yield this Central Land of the Reed Plains in accordance with the commands of the Heavenly Deities."<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a></blockquote> With Takeminakata's surrender, Ōkuninushi finally agreed to cede the land to the amatsukami and withdrew himself into the unseen spirit world.<a href="#cite_note-Chamberlain-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-KujiHongi03-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hackin1932-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Herbert2010-34">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ashkenazi2003-35">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Variants_and_retellings">Variants and retellings</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Variants and retellings">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Suwa_Daimyōjin_Ekotoba">Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%BB%BA%E5%BE%A1%E5%90%8D%E6%96%B9%E7%A5%9E_-_Takeminakata.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%E5%BB%BA%E5%BE%A1%E5%90%8D%E6%96%B9%E7%A5%9E_-_Takeminakata.jpg/260px-%E5%BB%BA%E5%BE%A1%E5%90%8D%E6%96%B9%E7%A5%9E_-_Takeminakata.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%E5%BB%BA%E5%BE%A1%E5%90%8D%E6%96%B9%E7%A5%9E_-_Takeminakata.jpg/391px-%E5%BB%BA%E5%BE%A1%E5%90%8D%E6%96%B9%E7%A5%9E_-_Takeminakata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/%E5%BB%BA%E5%BE%A1%E5%90%8D%E6%96%B9%E7%A5%9E_-_Takeminakata.jpg/520px-%E5%BB%BA%E5%BE%A1%E5%90%8D%E6%96%B9%E7%A5%9E_-_Takeminakata.jpg 2x" data-file-width="858" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Takeminakata carrying a heavy rock (chibiki no iwa) with his fingertips as a display of strength</figcaption></figure> The opening section of the <a href="/wiki/Suwa_Daimy%C5%8Djin_Ekotoba" title="Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba">Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period" title="Nanboku-chō period">Nanboku-chō period</a> compilation of legends and other information regarding Suwa Shrine and its festivals completed in 1356, retells the Kuji Hongi version of this story, albeit with Takeminakata's shameful defeat in the hands of Takemikazuchi notably omitted.<a href="#cite_note-SuwaShishi685689-36">[35]</a> <blockquote>It is said in the Kuji Hongi that Amaterasu-Ōmikami gave a decree and sent two gods, <a href="/wiki/Futsunushi" title="Futsunushi">Futsunushi-no-Kami</a> (of <a href="/wiki/Katori_Shrine" title="Katori Shrine">Katori Shrine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shim%C5%8Dsa_Province" title="Shimōsa Province">Shimōsa Province</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Takemikazuchi" title="Takemikazuchi">Takeikatsuchi-no-Kami</a> (of <a href="/wiki/Kashima_Shrine" title="Kashima Shrine">Kashima Shrine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hitachi_Province" title="Hitachi Province">Hitachi</a>), down to the land of Izumo, where they declared to <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ckuninushi" title="Ōkuninushi">Ōanamuchi</a> (of <a href="/wiki/Izumo-taisha" title="Izumo-taisha">Kitsuki</a> in <a href="/wiki/Izumo_Province" title="Izumo Province">Izumo</a> [and] <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cmiwa_Shrine" title="Ōmiwa Shrine">Miwa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yamato_Province" title="Yamato Province">Yamato</a>), "The Central Land of Reed-Plains is the land entrusted to our heir. Are you willing to give it up to the heavenly deities?" Ōanamuchi said, "Ask my son, <a href="/wiki/Kotoshironushi" title="Kotoshironushi">Kotoshironushi-no-Kami</a> (of <a href="/wiki/Nagata_Shrine" title="Nagata Shrine">Nagata Shrine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Settsu_Province" title="Settsu Province">Settsu</a>; eighth [patron deity of] the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Divinities" title="Department of Divinities">Jingi-kan</a>); he will give you an answer." Kotoshironushi-no-Kami said, "My father ought respectfully to withdraw, nor will I disobey." [The messengers said,] "Do you have any other sons who ought to speak?" "There is also my son, Takeminakata-no-Kami (of Suwa Shrine)." [He] came, bearing a heavy boulder on his fingertips, saying, "Who is it who has come to our land and is talking so furtively? I wish to challenge you to a test of strength." When he took his hand, he caused ice to appear, and then he manifested a sword. Upon arriving at the sea of Suwa in the land of Shinano, Takeminakata-no-Kami said, "I will go to no other place." This is the <a href="/wiki/Prat%C4%ABtyasamutp%C4%81da" title="Pratītyasamutpāda">karmic origins</a> of the [Suwa deity's] <a href="/wiki/Honji_suijaku" title="Honji suijaku">manifest trace</a> (垂迹の本縁, suijaku no hon'en).<a href="#cite_note-38">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[37]</a></blockquote> Although it was formerly thought that the Ekotoba's compiler, <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%86%86%E5%BF%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:諏訪円忠">Suwa (Kosaka) Enchū</a> (1295-1364, a member of a cadet branch of the Suwa clan based in <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>) was responsible for excising Takeminakata's defeat out of this retelling in order to portray the deity in a more positive light, <a href="#cite_note-SuwaShishi685689-36">[35]</a> Ryōtarō Maeda (2020) put forward the alternative explanation that Enchū may have made use from an anthology of excerpts or <a href="/wiki/Florilegium" title="Florilegium">florilegium</a> that happened to omit the relevant passage. He identifies Enchū's source text with an extract of the Kuji Hongi kuni-yuzuri narrative titled "The Matter of Suwa Shrine" (諏方社事, Suwa-sha no koto), which was in turn appended to a lengthy extract of the Kojiki's kuni-yuzuri account (古事記上巻抄, Kojiki Jōkan-shō, "Excerpt from the Upper Volume of the Kojiki") found in the temple library of Shinpuku-ji (<a href="/wiki/%C5%8Csu_Kannon" title="Ōsu Kannon">Ōsu Kannon</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kojikijokan-40">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[39]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">"(...) When he allowed him to take his hand, he changed it into a column of ice, and then changed it into a sword blade," <a href="/wiki/Et_cetera" title="Et cetera">and so forth</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E3%80%85" class="extiw" title="wikt:云々">云々</a>, unnun). "Upon arriving at the sea of Suwa in the land of Shinano, Takeminakata-no-Kami said, 'I will go to no other place. And I will not disobey the commands of my father Ōkuninushi-no-Kami, and will not disobey the words of the words of my elder brother Yae-Kotoshironushi-no-Kami. I will yield this Central Land of the Reed Plains in accordance with the commands of the Heavenly Deities.'"<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>"The Matter of Suwa Shrine" (諏方社事, Suwa-sha no koto)<a href="#cite_note-Kojikijokan-40">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[39]</a></cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%AB%8F%E6%96%B9%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%8B_-_Suwa-sha_no_Koto.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/%E8%AB%8F%E6%96%B9%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%8B_-_Suwa-sha_no_Koto.png/220px-%E8%AB%8F%E6%96%B9%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%8B_-_Suwa-sha_no_Koto.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/%E8%AB%8F%E6%96%B9%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%8B_-_Suwa-sha_no_Koto.png/330px-%E8%AB%8F%E6%96%B9%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%8B_-_Suwa-sha_no_Koto.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/%E8%AB%8F%E6%96%B9%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%8B_-_Suwa-sha_no_Koto.png/440px-%E8%AB%8F%E6%96%B9%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%8B_-_Suwa-sha_no_Koto.png 2x" data-file-width="1389" data-file-height="1702" /></a><figcaption>Part of "The Matter of Suwa Shrine" (諏方社事, Suwa-sha no koto) appended to the <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Csu_Kannon" title="Ōsu Kannon">Shinpuku-ji</a> Kojiki Jōkan-shō. The omission of the passage recounting Takeminakata's defeat is marked with an <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E3%80%85" class="extiw" title="wikt:云々">云々</a> (unnun, "and so forth," "etc." - fourth column from left)</figcaption></figure> Based on textual affinities with the Urabe text of the Kojiki, the Jōkan-shō is thought to have been authored by a member of the priestly <a href="/wiki/Japanese_clans#Sacerdotal_clans" title="Japanese clans">Urabe clan</a> associated with the <a href="/wiki/Yoshida_Shrine" title="Yoshida Shrine">Yoshida</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hirano_Shrine" title="Hirano Shrine">Hirano Shrines</a> in Kyoto. Records indicate that during the medieval period, the Kuji Hongi was used by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Divinities" title="Department of Divinities">Department of Divinities</a> or Jingi-kan (in which many Urabe clan members occupied posts) as a go-to source for inquiries regarding the histories of various shrines across the country. It is also known that during his research for information regarding Suwa Shrine, Enchū sought the assistance of two Urabe clan members: Urabe Kanetoyo (卜部兼豊, of the Yoshida branch), then senior assistant director (神祇大輔, jingi taifu) of the Jingi-kan, and Urabe Kanemae (卜部兼前, of the Hirano branch), either of whom may have been responsible for compiling "The Matter of Suwa Shrine." In other words, Enchu most likely did not (or could not) consult the Kuji Hongi itself, but was rather working with an extract provided by his Urabe contacts.<a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[39]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Izumo_okinoshima.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Izumo_okinoshima.jpg/220px-Izumo_okinoshima.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Izumo_okinoshima.jpg/330px-Izumo_okinoshima.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Izumo_okinoshima.jpg/440px-Izumo_okinoshima.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Inasa Beach in <a href="/wiki/Izumo,_Shimane" title="Izumo, Shimane">Izumo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shimane_Prefecture" title="Shimane Prefecture">Shimane Prefecture</a>, the setting of the kuni-yuzuri myth cycle</figcaption></figure> Although he was not responsible for excising Takeminakata's surrender from the narrative himself, its absence from his source allowed Enchū to reimagine the Kuji Hongi narrative in a way that portrayed Takeminakata as a triumphant god who vowed to remain in Suwa of his own volition, consistent with the portrayal of the god of Suwa as an illustrious warrior deity in the Ekotoba's later portions. Whereas in the original Kojiki and Kuji Hongi narrative, Takemikazuchi is said to have "changed [his arm] into a column of ice, then again changed it into a sword blade" (取成立氷亦取成劍刃) after having it grasped by Takeminakata, Enchū - taking advantage of the ambiguous syntax of the original <a href="/wiki/Classical_Chinese" title="Classical Chinese">Classical Chinese</a> text - chooses to read the text such that Takeminakata is now said to magically materialize ice and a sword as a display of his power to Takemikazuchi (即氷ヲ成立、又劍ヲ取成, "he (Takeminakata) caused ice to appear, and then he manifested a sword").<a href="#cite_note-:0-41">[39]</a> Before (and to an extent, even after) the rediscovery and subsequent boom in popularity of the Kojiki in the middle of the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a>, the more positive image of Takeminakata as presented in the Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba exerted considerable influence in the way the kuni-yuzuri myth is recounted in <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">early modern</a> documents associated with Suwa Shrine, not least because it apparently introduced the myth (which seems to have originally been specific to the imperial court - see '<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Analysis">Analysis</a>' below) into Suwa itself - where other myths concerning the Suwa deity were in circulation - for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-Maeda2023-42">[40]</a> Ryōtarō Maeda (2023), based on a study of surviving manuscripts of the text, postulates that the Ekotoba was only introduced to Suwa itself no earlier than the 17th century, where it gradually gained acceptance among the priestly families of Suwa Shrine, who produced a number of copies of it. Soon, the influence of the Ekotoba can be seen in a number of texts from the area: a text penned by the <a href="/wiki/Hatamoto" title="Hatamoto">hatamoto</a> <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E7%9B%9B%E6%A2%9D" class="extiw" title="ja:諏訪盛條">Suwa Morieda</a> (1646-1695), the younger brother of <a href="/wiki/Suwa_Domain#Suwa_Tadaharu" title="Suwa Domain">Suwa Tadaharu</a>, the third daimyō of <a href="/wiki/Suwa_Domain" title="Suwa Domain">Takashima Domain</a> in 1684 titled Shinshu Suwa Daimyōjin Engi (信州諏方大明神縁起, "The Origin Story of Suwa Daimyōjin of Shinano Province"), for instance, features the reinterpreted kuni-yuzuri myth, which Morieda then interprets in a <a href="/wiki/Edo_neo-Confucianism" title="Edo neo-Confucianism">Neo-Confucian</a> light as a meritorious act of filial piety comparable to <a href="/wiki/Taibo" title="Taibo">Taibo</a>'s renunciation of the throne of <a href="/wiki/Predynastic_Zhou" title="Predynastic Zhou">Zhou</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Maeda2023-42">[40]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">They (Futsunushi and Takemikazuchi) also made the declaration [to cede the land] to this god (Takeminakata), but this god would not easily give his assent. Bearing a heavy boulder on his fingertips, he came, saying, "Who has come forth, saying these things? I wish to have a contest of strength." [But] he repented and eventually ceded the Central Land to the Heavenly Grandson. He departed, arriving at the sea of Suwa in the land of Shinano. 'It may be said that he is supreme in virtue, and the people could not praise him [enough].' (可謂至徳也、已民無得而稱焉)<a href="#cite_note-43">[c]</a> This is he who is now known as Suwa Daimyōjin.<a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lake_Suwa_20131231_-_panoramio_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Lake_Suwa_20131231_-_panoramio_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Lake_Suwa_20131231_-_panoramio_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Lake_Suwa_20131231_-_panoramio_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Lake_Suwa_20131231_-_panoramio_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Lake_Suwa_20131231_-_panoramio_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Lake_Suwa_20131231_-_panoramio_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="2582" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lake_Suwa" title="Lake Suwa">Lake Suwa</a></figcaption></figure> As late as the 19th century (when awareness of the Kojiki's contents had become much more widespread due to the efforts of <a href="/wiki/Kokugaku" title="Kokugaku">kokugaku</a> scholars), this positive reinterpretation of the kuni-yuzuri narrative continued to be found within Suwa: a mid-19th century genealogical chart of Takeminakata issued by the Upper Shrine for instance quotes the above passage from the Shinshu Suwa Daimyōjin Engi.<a href="#cite_note-45">[42]</a> A document submitted in 1834 to the Commissioner of Shrines and Temples (<a href="/wiki/Jisha-bugy%C5%8D" title="Jisha-bugyō">Jisha-bugyō</a>) by the Lower Shrine's Momoi clan (桃井氏) of priests relates the following: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">When the two deities of Kashima and Katori came down to the land of Izumo at the command of the heavenly deities, he [Takeminakata] fought for his land bearing a heavy rock on his fingertips and engaged in a test of strength. He also took up a sword and exhibited valor. When he, leading [an army of] divine soldiers, arrived at the sea of Suwa in the land of Shinano, he offered up the Central Land of the Reed Plains to the Heavenly Grandson. As his divine father had ceded the land, he made a vow to never go to another place. This is the account of this shrine's establishment.<a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a></blockquote> A third text found in the archives of the Upper Shrine's Moriya (守矢氏) priestly clan titled "The Origin of Suwa Daimyōjin" (諏訪大明神由来, Suwa Daimyōjin yurai) features Takeminakata striking fear into Futsunushi and Takemikazuchi after displaying his power to them, only agreeing to cede Ashihara no Nakatsukuni after he was convinced by their reasoning. The three then go to Suwa, where they defeat the local deity <a href="/wiki/Moreya" title="Moreya">Moriya</a> (see below).<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Other_versions">Other versions</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Other versions">edit</a>]</div> Similar attempts at retelling or reinterpreting the myth in a more positive way are found in other texts. In one version, for instance, Takeminakata is portrayed as going to Suwa not so much to flee from Takemikazuchi but to pacify it under the orders of his father Ōkuninushi.<a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a> A variant found in a commentary on the Nihon Shoki penned by a 15th-century monk named Shun'yu (春瑜), the Nihon Shoki Shikenmon (日本書紀私見聞), claims 'Suwa Daimyōjin' (諏防大明神) to be the third son of the deity <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E7%8E%8B%E6%A8%A9%E7%8F%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:山王権現">Sannō Gongen</a>, the guardian deity of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hiei" title="Mount Hiei">Mount Hiei</a>. After engaging in a failed rebellion against Amaterasu, the deity surrendered and settled down in the land of Shinano.<a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a> Local legends from within Nagano Prefecture claim Takeminakata to have passed or stayed in various places within the region during his escape. A local legend in <a href="/wiki/Shimoina_District,_Nagano" title="Shimoina District, Nagano">Shimoina District</a> (located south of Suwa) for instance claims that Takemikazuchi caught up with the fleeing Takeminakata in the modern village of <a href="/wiki/Toyooka,_Nagano" title="Toyooka, Nagano">Toyooka</a>, where they agreed to an armistice and left imprints of their hands on a rock as a sign of their agreement. The rock, bearing the gods' supposed handprints (tegata), is found in Otegata Shrine (御手形神社) in Toyooka.<a href="#cite_note-50">[47]</a> After Takemikazuchi's departure, Takeminakata temporarily resided in the neighboring village of <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cshika,_Nagano" title="Ōshika, Nagano">Ōshika</a>, where he discovered hot springs of saltwater while hunting for deer.<a href="#cite_note-51">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a> The contest between Takemikazuchi and Takeminakata has also been sometimes interpreted as an <a href="/wiki/Origin_myth" title="Origin myth">origin myth</a> for <a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo">sumo wrestling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aiki_(martial_arts_principle)" title="Aiki (martial arts principle)">aiki</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-56">[53]</a> This interpretation apparently follows an alternative reading of the text which sees Takemikazuchi as not so much crushing and tearing Takeminakata's arm(s) off but seizing him by the arm and throwing him into the ground. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_myths">Other myths</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other myths">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Entry_into_Suwa">Entry into Suwa</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Entry into Suwa">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Moreya" title="Moreya">Moreya</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fujishima_Shrine_(Nakasu,_Suwa)_-_%E8%97%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%A4%BE%EF%BC%88%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E6%B4%B2%EF%BC%89-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Fujishima_Shrine_%28Nakasu%2C_Suwa%29_-_%E8%97%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%A4%BE%EF%BC%88%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E6%B4%B2%EF%BC%89-_2.jpg/353px-Fujishima_Shrine_%28Nakasu%2C_Suwa%29_-_%E8%97%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%A4%BE%EF%BC%88%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E6%B4%B2%EF%BC%89-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="353" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Fujishima_Shrine_%28Nakasu%2C_Suwa%29_-_%E8%97%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%A4%BE%EF%BC%88%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E6%B4%B2%EF%BC%89-_2.jpg/530px-Fujishima_Shrine_%28Nakasu%2C_Suwa%29_-_%E8%97%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%A4%BE%EF%BC%88%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E6%B4%B2%EF%BC%89-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Fujishima_Shrine_%28Nakasu%2C_Suwa%29_-_%E8%97%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%A4%BE%EF%BC%88%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E6%B4%B2%EF%BC%89-_2.jpg/706px-Fujishima_Shrine_%28Nakasu%2C_Suwa%29_-_%E8%97%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%A4%BE%EF%BC%88%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%B8%82%E4%B8%AD%E6%B4%B2%EF%BC%89-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Fujishima Shrine (藤島社) in <a href="/wiki/Suwa_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Suwa City">Suwa City</a>. It is one of two 'Fujishima Shrines' associated with Suwa Myōjin's battle against Moriya; the other is located in <a href="/wiki/Okaya,_Nagano" title="Okaya, Nagano">the city of Okaya</a> by the Tenryū River.</figcaption></figure> A myth from the Suwa area portrays Suwa Myōjin as being opposed during his advent by the local god <a href="/wiki/Moreya" title="Moreya">Moriya</a> (Moreya). A document supposedly submitted to the <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_shogunate" title="Kamakura shogunate">Kamakura shogunate</a> in 1249 by Suwa Nobushige, then high priest or Ōhōri (大祝) of the Upper Shrine of Suwa, known as the Suwa Nobushige Gejō (諏訪信重解状 "The Petition of Suwa Nobushige"), relates a story from "the ancient customs" (舊貫) that the Suwa deity came down from heaven in order to take possession of the land of 'Moriya Daijin' (守屋大臣). The conflict between the two escalated into a battle, but as no winner could be declared, the two finally compete in a <a href="/wiki/Tug_of_war" title="Tug of war">tug of war</a> using hooks (kagi): Suwa Myōjin, using a hook made out of the <a href="/wiki/Wisteria" title="Wisteria">wisteria</a> plant (藤鎰), emerges victorious against Moriya, who used an iron hook (鐵鎰). After his victory, the god built his dwelling (what would become the Upper Shrine) in Moriya's land and planted the wisteria hook, which became a grove known as the 'Forest of Fujisuwa' (藤諏訪之森 Fujisuwa no mori).<a href="#cite_note-57">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-GejoEkotoba-58">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miyasaka9293-59">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-fukudachusei-60">[56]</a> Whereas the Kojiki portrays Takeminakata as an earthly god defeated by a deity from heaven, this myth notably features the opposite scenario, in which the deity of Suwa descends from heaven and conquers the land below. The Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba relates a variant of this myth as an origin story of Fujishima Shrine (藤島社) in <a href="/wiki/Suwa,_Nagano" title="Suwa, Nagano">Suwa City</a>, one of the Upper Shrine's <a href="/wiki/Setsumatsusha" title="Setsumatsusha">auxiliary shrines</a> where its yearly rice-planting ceremony is traditionally held.<a href="#cite_note-fukudachusei-60">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-Suwashishi681-61">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a> In this version, the deity of Fujishima Shrine (藤島の明神 Fujishima no Myōjin) - usually equated with Suwa Myōjin - defeats "Moriya the evil outlaw" (洩矢の惡賊, Moriya no akuzoku) with a wisteria branch: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">Regarding the god of Fujishima [Shrine] (藤島の明神, Fujishima no Myōjin): when the revered deity (尊神, sonjin, i.e. Suwa Daimyōjin) <a href="/wiki/Honji_suijaku" title="Honji suijaku">manifested</a> long ago, Moriya the evil outlaw (洩矢の惡賊, Moriya no akuzoku), seeking to hinder him, took up an iron ring (鐵輪) to fight him, but the [Fujishima] deity picked up a wisteria branch and defeated [Moriya]. Finally, he brought down heresy (邪輪, jarin, lit. "ring/wheel/circle of evil") and held up <a href="/wiki/Dharma_(Buddhism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharma (Buddhism)">the true Dharma</a> (正法, shōbō). When the god pronounced a vow and threw the wisteria branch away, immediately it took root [in the ground], its branches and leaves flourishing in abundance, and [sprouted] beautiful blossoms, leaving behind a marker of the battleground for posterity. The Fujishima deity is named thus for this reason.<a href="#cite_note-63">[e]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[60]</a></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fujishima_Shrine_-_%E8%97%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE_(%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%B8%E5%A4%A9%E7%AB%9C%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E%E5%85%A5%E8%AB%8F%E4%BC%9D%E8%AA%AC%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Fujishima_Shrine_-_%E8%97%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE_%28%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%B8%E5%A4%A9%E7%AB%9C%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E%E5%85%A5%E8%AB%8F%E4%BC%9D%E8%AA%AC%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%29.jpg/220px-Fujishima_Shrine_-_%E8%97%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE_%28%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%B8%E5%A4%A9%E7%AB%9C%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E%E5%85%A5%E8%AB%8F%E4%BC%9D%E8%AA%AC%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Fujishima_Shrine_-_%E8%97%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE_%28%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%B8%E5%A4%A9%E7%AB%9C%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E%E5%85%A5%E8%AB%8F%E4%BC%9D%E8%AA%AC%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%29.jpg/330px-Fujishima_Shrine_-_%E8%97%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE_%28%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%B8%E5%A4%A9%E7%AB%9C%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E%E5%85%A5%E8%AB%8F%E4%BC%9D%E8%AA%AC%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Fujishima_Shrine_-_%E8%97%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE_%28%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%B8%E5%A4%A9%E7%AB%9C%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E%E5%85%A5%E8%AB%8F%E4%BC%9D%E8%AA%AC%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%29.jpg/440px-Fujishima_Shrine_-_%E8%97%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE_%28%E5%B7%9D%E5%B2%B8%E5%A4%A9%E7%AB%9C%E6%B2%B3%E7%95%94%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E%E5%85%A5%E8%AB%8F%E4%BC%9D%E8%AA%AC%E3%81%AE%E5%9C%B0%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Fujishima Shrine (藤島神社) in <a href="/wiki/Okaya,_Nagano" title="Okaya, Nagano">Okaya</a></figcaption></figure> Two extant medieval genealogies of the Suwa (Miwa) clan also begin by recounting the legend of a battle between the Suwa deity, accompanied by the first high priest of the Upper Shrine, and 'Moriya' (守屋) during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Y%C5%8Dmei" title="Emperor Yōmei">Emperor Yōmei</a> (585-587).<a href="#cite_note-66">[61]</a> In later versions of this story which combine it with the kuni-yuzuri myth, Moriya opposes Takeminakata after the latter had fled from Izumo. After being defeated, Moriya swears fealty to Takeminakata and becomes a faithful ally.<a href="#cite_note-Imai1960-67">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-Imai1976-68">[63]</a> Moriya is reckoned as the divine ancestor of the Moriya (守矢) clan, one of the former priestly lineages of the Upper Shrine.<a href="#cite_note-Moriya-69">[64]</a> While medieval sources such as Nobushige's petition and the Ekotoba situate the battle between the two gods in the slopes of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Moriya_(Japan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Moriya (Japan) (page does not exist)">Mount Moriya</a> somewhere in the vicinity of the Upper Shrine (modern <a href="/wiki/Suwa,_Nagano" title="Suwa, Nagano">Suwa City</a>), a variant legend first attested in <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a> texts instead place it on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Tenry%C5%AB_River" title="Tenryū River">Tenryū River</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Okaya,_Nagano" title="Okaya, Nagano">Okaya City</a>).<a href="#cite_note-yamamoto-70">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Imai1960-67">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-Moriya-69">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[66]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tatsuya-Sukura_Shrine_,_%E9%81%94%E5%B1%8B%E9%85%A2%E8%94%B5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tatsuya-Sukura_Shrine_%2C_%E9%81%94%E5%B1%8B%E9%85%A2%E8%94%B5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/220px-Tatsuya-Sukura_Shrine_%2C_%E9%81%94%E5%B1%8B%E9%85%A2%E8%94%B5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tatsuya-Sukura_Shrine_%2C_%E9%81%94%E5%B1%8B%E9%85%A2%E8%94%B5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/330px-Tatsuya-Sukura_Shrine_%2C_%E9%81%94%E5%B1%8B%E9%85%A2%E8%94%B5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tatsuya-Sukura_Shrine_%2C_%E9%81%94%E5%B1%8B%E9%85%A2%E8%94%B5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/440px-Tatsuya-Sukura_Shrine_%2C_%E9%81%94%E5%B1%8B%E9%85%A2%E8%94%B5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Tatsuya-Sukura Shrine (達屋酢蔵神社) in <a href="/wiki/Chino,_Nagano" title="Chino, Nagano">Chino</a>, associated with the gods Yatsukao (Ganigawara) and Hikosachi in folklore</figcaption></figure> Apart from Moriya, a few scattered local legends make reference to other deities who either submitted to the Suwa deity or refused to do so. One such god that is said to have opposed Suwa Myōjin and his new ally Moriya in local folklore was Yatsukao-no-Mikoto (矢塚男命), also known as Ganigawara (蟹河原長者 Ganigawara-chōja).<a href="#cite_note-Kobuzoku79-72">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-suwashi-keizu-74">[69]</a> The story relates that Ganigawara, a horse breeder who wielded great authority in the region, held Moriya in contempt for surrendering to Takeminakata and had messengers publicly harass him by calling him a coward. When Ganigawara's servants began to resort to violence by shooting arrows in Takeminakata's newly built house, Takeminakata retaliated by invading Ganigawara's turf. Mortally wounded by an arrow in the ensuing battle, Ganigawara begs forgiveness from Moriya and entrusts his youngest daughter to Takeminakata, who gives her in marriage to the god Taokihooi-no-Mikoto (手置帆負命) a.k.a. Hikosachi-no-Kami (彦狭知神),<a href="#cite_note-78">[f]</a> who was injured by Ganigawara's messengers as he was keeping watch over Takeminakata's abode.<a href="#cite_note-79">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[74]</a> In another legend, a god named Takei-Ōtomonushi (武居大伴主神 or 武居大友主神) swore allegiance to Takeminakata and became the ancestor of a line of priests in the Lower Shrine known as the Takeihōri (武居祝).<a href="#cite_note-81">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kobuzoku79-72">[67]</a> Yet another story relates that the Suwa deity forbade the goddess of Sakinomiya Shrine (先宮神社) in Owa, <a href="/wiki/Suwa,_Nagano" title="Suwa, Nagano">Suwa City</a> from building a bridge over the creek before her shrine as punishment for her refusal to submit to him.<a href="#cite_note-Kobuzoku79-72">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Ōhōri">The Ōhōri</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Ōhōri">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Suwa_clan" title="Suwa clan">Suwa clan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_crest_Suwa_Kajinoha(White_background).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Japanese_crest_Suwa_Kajinoha%28White_background%29.svg/220px-Japanese_crest_Suwa_Kajinoha%28White_background%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Japanese_crest_Suwa_Kajinoha%28White_background%29.svg/330px-Japanese_crest_Suwa_Kajinoha%28White_background%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Japanese_crest_Suwa_Kajinoha%28White_background%29.svg/440px-Japanese_crest_Suwa_Kajinoha%28White_background%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>The crest (<a href="/wiki/Kamon_(crest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamon (crest)">kamon</a>) of the <a href="/wiki/Suwa_clan" title="Suwa clan">Suwa clan</a>, which is also used by the Upper Shrine of Suwa as its emblem.</figcaption></figure> Before the abolition of the Suwa Grand Shrine's traditional priestly offices during the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji period">Meiji period</a>, the Upper Shrine of Suwa's high priest or Ōhōri (大祝 'great priest'; also Ōhafuri) was a young boy chosen from the <a href="/wiki/Suwa_clan" title="Suwa clan">Suwa clan</a>, who was, during his term of office, considered to be <a href="/wiki/Arahitogami" title="Arahitogami">a living god</a>, the visible incarnation or 'body' of the unseen god of the shrine.<a href="#cite_note-Ihara-83">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[78]</a> The legend of how Suwa Myōjin chose his first priest is recounted in various sources, such as the Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba: <blockquote>At the beginning of the god's <a href="/wiki/Honji_suijaku" title="Honji suijaku">manifestation</a>, he took off his robe, put them on an eight year old boy, and dubbed him 'great priest' (Ōhōri). The god declared, "I do not have a body and so make this priest (hōri) my body." This [boy] is Arikazu (有員), the priest of the sacred robe (御衣祝 Misogihōri), the founding ancestor of the Miwa/Jin (神, i.e. Suwa) clan.<a href="#cite_note-86">[g]</a></blockquote> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suwa_Daimy%C5%8Djin_-_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Suwa_Daimy%C5%8Djin_-_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E.jpg/200px-Suwa_Daimy%C5%8Djin_-_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="397" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Suwa_Daimy%C5%8Djin_-_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E.jpg/300px-Suwa_Daimy%C5%8Djin_-_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Suwa_Daimy%C5%8Djin_-_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E.jpg/400px-Suwa_Daimy%C5%8Djin_-_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="904" /></a><figcaption>Suwa Myōjin as a warrior in hunting gear</figcaption></figure> Although most sources (such as the Ekotoba above) identify the boy with the semi-legendary priest Arikazu, who is said to have lived in the <a href="/wiki/9th_century" title="9th century">9th century</a> (early <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a>) during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kanmu" title="Emperor Kanmu">Emperor Kanmu</a> (781-806) or his immediate successors <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Heizei" title="Emperor Heizei">Heizei</a> (806-809) or <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Saga" title="Emperor Saga">Saga</a> (809-823),<a href="#cite_note-Shinenpyo-87">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miyasaka35-88">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[83]</a> two genealogical lists - of disputed historical reliability<a href="#cite_note-91">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[85]</a> - instead identify the first priest with an individual named Otoei (乙頴) or Kumako (神子 or 熊古), a son of Mase-gimi (麻背君) or Iotari (五百足), head of the Kanasashi clan and <a href="/wiki/Kuni_no_miyatsuko" title="Kuni no miyatsuko">kuni no miyatsuko</a> of Shinano during the late 6th century.<a href="#cite_note-93">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[87]</a> One of these two texts is a genealogy of the Aso (阿蘇) clan of <a href="/wiki/Aso_Shrine" title="Aso Shrine">Aso Shrine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyushu" title="Kyushu">Kyushu</a> known as the 異本阿蘇氏系図 (Ihon Asoshi Keizu).<a href="#cite_note-95">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-Asoshi-96">[89]</a> It reads in part: <blockquote>Otoei (Ōhōri of the great god of Suwa): also known as Kumako (神子) or Kumako (熊古). When he was eight years old, the great god Minakatatomi-no-Mikoto appeared, took off his robe and put them on Kumako, declaring, "I do not have a body and so make you my body." In the third month of the second year of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Y%C5%8Dmei" title="Emperor Yōmei">Iware Ikebe no Ōmiya</a> (587), a sanctuary (社壇) was built at the foot of the mountain at the southern side of the lake (i.e. Lake Suwa) to worship the great god of Suwa and various other gods ...<a href="#cite_note-97">[h]</a></blockquote> The other is the Ōhōri-ke Jinshi Keizu (大祝家神氏系図), a genealogy of the Suwa clan discovered in the Ōhōri's residence in 1884 (<a href="/wiki/Meiji_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji period">Meiji</a> 17).<a href="#cite_note-98">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miwakeizu-100">[92]</a> It portrays Arikazu as a descendant of Kumako, the priest chosen by Takeminakata: <blockquote>When Kumako was eight years old, the revered deity appeared, took off his robe and put them on Kumako. After declaring, "I do not have a body and so make you my body," he disappeared.<a href="#cite_note-101">[i]</a> This [Kumako] is the ancestor of Arikazu of the Miwa/Jin (Suwa) clan, the Misogihōri. In the second year of Emperor Yōmei, Kumako built a sanctuary at the foot of the mountain at the southern side of the lake. <a href="#cite_note-102">[j]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_King_of_Hadai">The King of Hadai</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: The King of Hadai">edit</a>]</div> A medieval Buddhist legend portrays Suwa Myōjin as a king from India who later achieved enlightenment and went to Japan <a href="/wiki/Honji_suijaku" title="Honji suijaku">to become a native kami</a>. A short text attached to a late 15th century copy of an ordinance regulating the Upper Shrine's ritual purity <a href="/wiki/Taboo" title="Taboo">taboos</a> (物忌み monoimi) originally enforced in 1238 and revised in 1317, the Suwa Kamisha monoimi no rei no koto (諏訪上社物忌令之事),<a href="#cite_note-TakeiMasahiro-103">[93]</a> relates that 'Takeminakata Myōjin' (武御名方明神) was originally the ruler of <a href="/wiki/Mahajanapada" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahajanapada">a certain Indian kingdom</a> called 'Hadai' (波堤国 Hadai-koku)<a href="#cite_note-106">[k]</a> who survived an insurrection instigated by a rebel named 'Moriya' (守屋 or 守洩) during the king's absence while the latter was out hunting deer. After going to <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persia</a> to rescue its inhabitants from an evil dragon, the king ruled over it for some time as 'Emperor Suwa' (陬波皇帝 Suwa Kōtei) before retiring to "cultivate the seedling of virtue <a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">and realize the Buddhist path</a>." He eventually manifested in Japan, appearing in various places before finally choosing to dwell in Suwa.<a href="#cite_note-chusei-107">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-Takei129130-108">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miyachi84-109">[98]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%BE%A1%E5%B0%84%E5%B1%B1%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E9%B3%A5%E5%B1%85_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%E5%BE%A1%E5%B0%84%E5%B1%B1%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E9%B3%A5%E5%B1%85_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%E5%BE%A1%E5%B0%84%E5%B1%B1%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E9%B3%A5%E5%B1%85_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%E5%BE%A1%E5%B0%84%E5%B1%B1%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E9%B3%A5%E5%B1%85_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%E5%BE%A1%E5%B0%84%E5%B1%B1%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E9%B3%A5%E5%B1%85_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/%E5%BE%A1%E5%B0%84%E5%B1%B1%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E9%B3%A5%E5%B1%85_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%E5%BE%A1%E5%B0%84%E5%B1%B1%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E9%B3%A5%E5%B1%85_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption>Misayama Shrine (御射山神社) in <a href="/wiki/Fujimi,_Nagano" title="Fujimi, Nagano">Fujimi</a>, Nagano. During the medieval period, the hunting ceremony held at Misayama - Suwa Shrine's sacred hunting ground - was the largest of Suwa's religious ceremonies and one of its most important, attracting thousands of people.</figcaption></figure> The Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba relates a slightly different, fuller version of the first half of this story as an origin myth for the Upper Shrine's hunting ceremony held every seventh month of the year at Misayama (御射山) on the slopes of the <a href="/wiki/Yatsugatake_Mountains" title="Yatsugatake Mountains">Yatsugatake Mountains</a>: <blockquote>If one should inquire about the origins (因縁 in'en, lit. 'causes and conditions') of this hunt: long ago, the Daimyōjin was the king of the land of Hadai in <a href="/wiki/Tianzhu_(India)" title="Tianzhu (India)">India</a> who went out to hunt at <a href="/wiki/Sarnath" title="Sarnath">Deer Park</a> from the twenty-seventh to the thirtieth day of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">the seventh month</a>. At that time, a traitorous vassal named Bikyō (美教) suddenly organized an army and sought to kill the king. The king, ringing a golden bell, looked up to heaven and shouted eight times: "I am now about to be killed by this rebel. I have hunted animals, not for my own enjoyment, but in order to lead them to the Buddhist path. If this my action is in accordance with Heaven's will, may <a href="/wiki/Brahm%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmā">Brahmā</a> save me." Brahmā then saw this and commanded the <a href="/wiki/Four_Heavenly_Kings" title="Four Heavenly Kings">four great deva-kings</a> to wield <a href="/wiki/Vajra" title="Vajra">vajra</a>-poles and destroy the army. It is said that the Misayama (三齋山) of today reflects that event. ... One should know, therefore, that the deity's compassionate hunting is an <a href="/wiki/Upaya" title="Upaya">expedient means</a> for the salvation of creatures.<a href="#cite_note-110">[99]</a></blockquote> Regarding the Upper Shrine's hunting rituals, the Monoimi no rei asserts that <blockquote>[The shrine's] hunts began in the deer park of Hadai-no-kuni [in India]. [The use of] hawks began in <a href="/wiki/Magadha_(Mahajanapada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadha (Mahajanapada)">Magada-no-kuni</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[100]</a></blockquote> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shaka_Nyorai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Shaka_Nyorai.jpg/120px-Shaka_Nyorai.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Shaka_Nyorai.jpg/180px-Shaka_Nyorai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Shaka_Nyorai.jpg/240px-Shaka_Nyorai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="490" data-file-height="929" /></a><figcaption>Medieval Buddhist legends claim the Suwa deity to be a relative of <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a> (pictured)</figcaption></figure> The second half of the legend (the slaying of the dragon in Persia and the king's migration to Japan) is used by the Ekotoba's compiler, Suwa Enchū, in a liturgical text, the Suwa Daimyōjin Kōshiki (諏方大明神講式),<a href="#cite_note-Koshikitaikei-112">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-chusei-107">[96]</a> where it is introduced as an alternative, if somewhat less credible, account of the Suwa deity's origins (in comparison to the myth of Takeminakata of Izumo as found in the Kuji Hongi, touted by the same text as the authoritative origin story of the god) that nevertheless should not be suppressed.<a href="#cite_note-114">[103]</a> In this text, the king of Hadai is claimed to be a great-great-grandson of <a href="/wiki/Sihahanu" title="Sihahanu">King Siṃhahanu</a> (獅子頬王 Shishikyō-ō), <a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a>'s grandfather.<a href="#cite_note-115">[104]</a> Bikyō, the rebel who raised up an army against the king in India - identified as an incarnation of the <a href="/wiki/Mara_(demon)" title="Mara (demon)">Demon King</a> (魔王) - is also said to have eventually manifested in Japan, opposing the deity in Suwa as "Moriya the evil outlaw."<a href="#cite_note-116">[105]</a> A similar account appears in a work known as the Suwa Jinja Engi (諏訪神社縁起) or Suwa Shintō Engi (諏訪神道縁起),<a href="#cite_note-117">[106]</a> wherein the Suwa deity is identified as the son of Kibonnō (貴飯王), the son of Amṛtodana (甘呂飯王 Kanrobonnō), one of Siṃhahanu's four sons. The Lower Shrine's goddess, meanwhile, is the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Pasenadi" title="Pasenadi">Prasenajit</a> (波斯匿王 Hashinoku-ō), claimed here to be the son of Dronodana (黒飯王 Kokubonnō), another son of Siṃhananu.<a href="#cite_note-118">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="The_Suwa_Mishirushibumi">The Suwa Mishirushibumi</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The Suwa Mishirushibumi">edit</a>]</div> During the Misayama festival as performed during the medieval period, the Ōhōri recited a <a href="/wiki/Norito" title="Norito">ritual declaration</a> supposedly composed by the Suwa deity himself known as the Suwa Mishirushibumi (陬波御記文),<a href="#cite_note-119">[108]</a> which begins: <blockquote>I, Great King Suwa (陬波大王), have hidden my person during <a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">[the year/month/day of] the Yang Wood Horse</a> (甲午 kinoe-uma). [The name] 'Suwa' (陬波) and [the sign] Yang Wood Horse [and] the seal (印文)<a href="#cite_note-122">[l]</a> - these three are all one and the same.<a href="#cite_note-124">[m]</a></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yabusame00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Yabusame00.jpg/220px-Yabusame00.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Yabusame00.jpg/330px-Yabusame00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Yabusame00.jpg/440px-Yabusame00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="671" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yabusame" title="Yabusame">Yabusame</a> archers in hunting gear, Edo period</figcaption></figure> Within the text, King Suwa (i.e. Suwa Myōjin) declares the Ōhōri to be his 'true <a href="/wiki/Shintai" title="Shintai">body</a>' (真神体 shin no shintai) and the Misayama (三斎山) hunting grounds below Yatsugatake (here likened to <a href="/wiki/Vulture_Peak" title="Vulture Peak">Vulture Peak</a> in India) to be another manifestation of himself that cleanses (斎) the three (三) evils: <a href="/wiki/Manasa,_vacha,_karmana" title="Manasa, vacha, karmana">evil thoughts, evil speech and evil actions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[113]</a> He promises that whoever sets foot at Misayama will not fall into <a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra_(Buddhism)#Realms_of_rebirth" title="Saṃsāra (Buddhism)">the lower, evil realms of existence</a> (悪趣 akushu); conversely, the god condemns and disowns whoever defiles the hunting grounds by cutting down its trees or digging out the soil.<a href="#cite_note-Kanai169-127">[114]</a> A commentary on the Mishirushibumi, the Suwa Shichū (陬波私注 "Personal Notes on the Suwa Mishirusibumi," written 1313–1314),<a href="#cite_note-KanaiShichu-128">[115]</a> elaborates on the text by retelling the legend of Suwa Myōjin's consecration of his first priest: <blockquote>The Daimyōjin was born during [the year/month/day of] the Yang Wood Horse and disappeared during [the year/month/day of] the Yang Wood Horse. Sokutan Daijin (続旦大臣) was the Daimyōjin's uncle who accompanied him from India. When the Daimyōjin was to disappear, he took off his garments, put them on the Daijin, and dubbed him the Misogihōri (御衣木法理). He then pronounced a vow: "You shall consider this priest to be my body."<a href="#cite_note-130">[n]</a></blockquote> The same text identifies the god's uncle Sokutan Daijin with Arikazu.<a href="#cite_note-131">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[o]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suwa_Myōjin_and_the_frog_god">Suwa Myōjin and the frog god</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Suwa Myōjin and the frog god">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kawazugari_(Frog_Hunting)_Ritual_-_%E8%9B%99%E7%8B%A9%E7%A5%9E%E4%BA%8B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kawazugari_%28Frog_Hunting%29_Ritual_-_%E8%9B%99%E7%8B%A9%E7%A5%9E%E4%BA%8B.jpg/220px-Kawazugari_%28Frog_Hunting%29_Ritual_-_%E8%9B%99%E7%8B%A9%E7%A5%9E%E4%BA%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kawazugari_%28Frog_Hunting%29_Ritual_-_%E8%9B%99%E7%8B%A9%E7%A5%9E%E4%BA%8B.jpg/330px-Kawazugari_%28Frog_Hunting%29_Ritual_-_%E8%9B%99%E7%8B%A9%E7%A5%9E%E4%BA%8B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Kawazugari_%28Frog_Hunting%29_Ritual_-_%E8%9B%99%E7%8B%A9%E7%A5%9E%E4%BA%8B.jpg/440px-Kawazugari_%28Frog_Hunting%29_Ritual_-_%E8%9B%99%E7%8B%A9%E7%A5%9E%E4%BA%8B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="501" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption>The Frog Hunting Ritual of Suwa Shrine (taken before 1937)</figcaption></figure> Two texts, the Monoimi no rei<a href="#cite_note-135">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[121]</a> and the Suwa Shichū (陬波私注 "Personal Notes on the Suwa Mishirusibumi," written 1313–1314),<a href="#cite_note-KanaiShichu-128">[115]</a> mention an oral legend about Suwa Myōjin pacifying the waves of the <a href="/wiki/Four_Seas" title="Four Seas">four seas</a> by subduing an unruly <a href="/wiki/Frog" title="Frog">frog</a> god. <blockquote>Suwa (陬波) should be read as "the waves are calm." When a frog god (蝦蟆神), being a harmful god (荒神 <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Djin" title="Kōjin">kōjin</a>), caused suffering to <a href="/wiki/Tianxia#Japan" title="Tianxia">the realm</a>, the Daimyōjin quelled it and came to reside here; [because] the <a href="/wiki/Four_Seas" title="Four Seas">four seas</a> were calm, it is called Suwa.<a href="#cite_note-137">[p]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[122]</a></blockquote> After defeating this frog, Suwa Myōjin then blocked the way to its dwelling - a hole leading to the underwater palace of the <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABjin" title="Ryūjin">dragon god of the sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABg%C5%AB-j%C5%8D" title="Ryūgū-jō">Ryūgū-jō</a> - with a rock and sat on it.<a href="#cite_note-KanaiShichu-128">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-Takei136137-140">[124]</a> This story functions as an <a href="/wiki/Etiology" title="Etiology">etiological legend</a> for the annual sacrifice of frogs held every <a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Year" title="Japanese New Year">New Year's Day</a> in the Upper Shrine (<a href="#As_god_of_hunting">see below</a>)<a href="#cite_note-141">[125]</a> as well as yet another <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymology</a> for the toponym 'Suwa' (rendered here as 陬波), here explained as deriving either from a term for a wave lapping onto the sea's edge<a href="#cite_note-Kanai177178-142">[126]</a> or a reference to the deity's pacification of the waters: "the waves are calm."<a href="#cite_note-143">[127]</a> The portrayal of Suwa Myōjin's enemy as a frog also hints at the deity's character as a serpentine water god.<a href="#cite_note-Kanai177178-142">[126]</a> (As a point of comparison, the obscure snake god <a href="/wiki/Ugajin" title="Ugajin">Ugajin</a> was also credited with defeating a malevolent frog deity.<a href="#cite_note-Hara2012-144">[128]</a>) The frog god itself has been interpreted either as representing the native deities <a href="/wiki/Mishaguji" title="Mishaguji">Mishaguji</a> and/or Moriya, with its defeat symbolizing the victory of the cult of Suwa Myōjin over the indigenous belief system,<a href="#cite_note-145">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[130]</a> or as a symbol of the Buddhist concept of the <a href="/wiki/Three_poisons" title="Three poisons">three poisons</a> (ignorance, greed, and hatred), which Suwa Myōjin, as <a href="/wiki/Honji_suijaku" title="Honji suijaku">an incarnation</a> of the bodhisattva <a href="/wiki/Samantabhadra_(Bodhisattva)" title="Samantabhadra (Bodhisattva)">Samantabhadra</a>, his esoteric aspect <a href="/wiki/Vajrasattva" title="Vajrasattva">Vajrasattva</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wisdom_King" title="Wisdom King">Wisdom King</a> <a href="/wiki/Trailokyavijaya" title="Trailokyavijaya">Trailokyavijaya</a> (interpreted as a manifestation of Vajrasattva), is said to destroy.<a href="#cite_note-Hara2012-144">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_dragon_(serpent)_deity_of_Suwa">The dragon (serpent) deity of Suwa</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: The dragon (serpent) deity of Suwa">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suwa_taisha_Kamisha_Honmiya_,_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BE_%E4%B8%8A%E7%A4%BE_%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%AE_-_panoramio_(30).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Suwa_taisha_Kamisha_Honmiya_%2C_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BE_%E4%B8%8A%E7%A4%BE_%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%AE_-_panoramio_%2830%29.jpg/220px-Suwa_taisha_Kamisha_Honmiya_%2C_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BE_%E4%B8%8A%E7%A4%BE_%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%AE_-_panoramio_%2830%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Suwa_taisha_Kamisha_Honmiya_%2C_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BE_%E4%B8%8A%E7%A4%BE_%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%AE_-_panoramio_%2830%29.jpg/330px-Suwa_taisha_Kamisha_Honmiya_%2C_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BE_%E4%B8%8A%E7%A4%BE_%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%AE_-_panoramio_%2830%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Suwa_taisha_Kamisha_Honmiya_%2C_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BE_%E4%B8%8A%E7%A4%BE_%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%AE_-_panoramio_%2830%29.jpg/440px-Suwa_taisha_Kamisha_Honmiya_%2C_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BE_%E4%B8%8A%E7%A4%BE_%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%AE_-_panoramio_%2830%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dzuya" title="Chōzuya">Chōzuya</a> with a dragon-shaped spout, Kamisha Honmiya</figcaption></figure> Folk belief has long held the god of Suwa Shrine to assume the form of a serpent or dragon. Consequently, the deity appears as such in a number of folktales and anecdotes. In one such story, Suwa Myōjin once came to <a href="/wiki/Izumo_Province" title="Izumo Province">Izumo Province</a> in the form of a dragon so gigantic that only his head can be seen; his tail was still at Suwa, caught in a tall pine tree by the shores of the lake. The other gods, upon seeing him, were so astounded and frightened at his enormous size that they exempted him from attending their yearly meetings.<a href="#cite_note-147">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[132]</a> Thus, the deity of Suwa is claimed to be one of the very few kami in Japan who do not leave their shrines during the month of <a href="/wiki/Kannazuki" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannazuki">Kannazuki</a>, when most gods are thought to gather at Izumo and thus are absent from most of the country. The supposed tree where the dragon's tail was caught (currently reduced to a stump) is locally known as Okakematsu (尾掛松).<a href="#cite_note-149">[133]</a> A variant of this story transposes the setting from Izumo to the <a href="/wiki/Kyoto_Imperial_Palace" title="Kyoto Imperial Palace">Imperial Palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a>; in this version, the various kami are said to travel to the ancient capital every <a href="/wiki/Japanese_New_Year" title="Japanese New Year">New Year's Day</a> to greet the emperor.<a href="#cite_note-150">[134]</a> Another popular story promulgated by wandering preachers associated with the shrines of Suwa during the medieval period claimed the Suwa deity to have originally been <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dga_Sabur%C5%8D" title="Kōga Saburō">Kōga Saburō</a>, a warrior who temporarily became a dragon or a snake after a journey into the underworld.<a href="#cite_note-151">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-BreenTeeuwen2000-152">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-Blacker2004-153">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Omiwatari">Omiwatari</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Omiwatari">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:180205_Lake_Suwa_omiwatari_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/180205_Lake_Suwa_omiwatari_03.jpg/220px-180205_Lake_Suwa_omiwatari_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/180205_Lake_Suwa_omiwatari_03.jpg/330px-180205_Lake_Suwa_omiwatari_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/180205_Lake_Suwa_omiwatari_03.jpg/440px-180205_Lake_Suwa_omiwatari_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4924" data-file-height="3283" /></a><figcaption>Omiwatari</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Pressure_ridge_(ice)" title="Pressure ridge (ice)">Cracks and ridges</a> that form on a frozen <a href="/wiki/Lake_Suwa" title="Lake Suwa">Lake Suwa</a> during cold winters have traditionally been interpreted as the trail left behind by Suwa Myōjin as he leaves the Upper Shrine and crosses the lake to meet his wife enshrined on the Lower Shrine on the opposite (northern) shore.<a href="#cite_note-railways1922-155">[139]</a> Called Omiwatari (御神渡 'the god's crossing' or 'the god's pathway'), the cracks were considered to be a good omen for the coming year.<a href="#cite_note-JapanTimes-156">[140]</a> The priests of the Grand Shrine of Suwa traditionally used the crack's appearance to divine the quality of the year's harvest.<a href="#cite_note-Miyasaka3840-157">[141]</a> For the locals, the crack also served as a sign that the frozen lake was safe to walk upon.<a href="#cite_note-158">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[143]</a> Conversely, the omiwatari's failure to appear at all (明海 ake no umi) or the cracks forming in an unusual way were held to be a sign of bad luck for the year.<a href="#cite_note-Miyasaka3840-157">[141]</a> Since the late 20th century, the omiwatari has become a much rarer sight than it was in the past due to rising temperatures caused by <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JapanTimes-156">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="As_god_of_war">As god of war</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: As god of war">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sakanoue_Tamuramaro_sw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sakanoue_Tamuramaro_sw.jpg/150px-Sakanoue_Tamuramaro_sw.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sakanoue_Tamuramaro_sw.jpg/225px-Sakanoue_Tamuramaro_sw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Sakanoue_Tamuramaro_sw.jpg/300px-Sakanoue_Tamuramaro_sw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1513" data-file-height="1680" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sakanoue_no_Tamuramaro" title="Sakanoue no Tamuramaro">Sakanoue no Tamuramaro</a> is credited with instituting the religious festivities of Suwa Shrine after the god of Suwa came to his aid against the <a href="/wiki/Emishi" title="Emishi">Emishi</a> peoples.</figcaption></figure> Suwa Myōjin is also considered to be a <a href="/wiki/List_of_war_deities" title="List of war deities">god of war</a>, one of a number of such deities in the Japanese pantheon. The <a href="/wiki/Songs_to_Make_the_Dust_Dance_on_the_Beams" class="mw-redirect" title="Songs to Make the Dust Dance on the Beams">Ryōjin Hishō</a> compiled in 1179 (the late <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a>) also attest to the worship of the god of Suwa in the capacity of god of warfare at the time of its compilation, naming the shrine of Suwa among famous shrines to martial deities in the eastern half of the country.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> These gods of war live <a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Kantō">east of the barrier</a>:<a href="#cite_note-163">[q]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kashima_Shrine" title="Kashima Shrine">Kashima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katori_Shrine" title="Katori Shrine">Katori</a>, Suwa no Miya, and <a href="/wiki/Shirahige_Shrine" title="Shirahige Shrine">Hira Myōjin</a>; also <a href="/wiki/Awa_Shrine" title="Awa Shrine">Su</a> in <a href="/wiki/Awa_Province_(Chiba)" title="Awa Province (Chiba)">Awa</a>, <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E7%AB%8B%E6%9D%BE%E5%8E%9F%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:下立松原神社">Otaka Myōjin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shirahama,_Chiba" title="Shirahama, Chiba">Tai no Kuchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kusanagi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kusanagi">Yatsurugi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atsuta_Shrine" title="Atsuta Shrine">Atsuta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tado_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tado Shrine">Tado no Miya</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ise_Province" title="Ise Province">Ise</a>. </div><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Ryōjin Hishō, song 258<a href="#cite_note-University_of_California_Press-164">[147]</a> <a href="#cite_note-165">[r]</a></cite></div></blockquote> During the medieval period, legends claiming Suwa Myōjin to have appeared and provided assistance to eminent figures such as <a href="/wiki/Empress_Jing%C5%AB" title="Empress Jingū">Empress Jingū</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[148]</a> or the general <a href="/wiki/Sakanoue_no_Tamuramaro" title="Sakanoue no Tamuramaro">Sakanoue no Tamuramaro</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-Konishi-168">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[151]</a> during their respective military campaigns circulated. The god of Suwa was also credited with the attempted <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Japan" title="Mongol invasions of Japan">Mongol invasions of Japan</a> under <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Taiheiki" title="Taiheiki">Taiheiki</a> recounts a story where a five-colored cloud resembling a serpent (a manifestation of the god) rose up from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Suwa" title="Lake Suwa">Lake Suwa</a> and spread away westward to assist the Japanese army against the Mongols.<a href="#cite_note-170">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[153]</a> <blockquote>On the seventh day, when the Imperial devotions were completed, from Lake Suwa there arose a cloud of many colours, in shape like a great serpent, which spread away towards the west. The doors of the Temple-treasury of <a href="/wiki/Hachiman" title="Hachiman">Hachiman</a> flew open, and the skies were filled with a sound of galloping horses and of ringing bits. In <a href="/wiki/Hiyoshi_Taisha" title="Hiyoshi Taisha">the twenty-one shrines of Yoshino</a> the brocade-curtained mirrors moved, the swords of the Temple-treasury put on a sharp edge, and all the shoes offered to the god turned towards the west. At <a href="/wiki/Sumiyoshi_taisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumiyoshi taisha">Sumiyoshi</a> sweat poured from below the saddles of the four horses sacred to the deities, and the iron shields turned of themselves and faced the enemy in a line.<a href="#cite_note-172">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[155]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis">Analysis</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Analysis">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Takeminakata_in_the_Kojiki">Takeminakata in the Kojiki</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Takeminakata in the Kojiki">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ono-Yasumaro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ono-Yasumaro.jpg/220px-Ono-Yasumaro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ono-Yasumaro.jpg/330px-Ono-Yasumaro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ono-Yasumaro.jpg/440px-Ono-Yasumaro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="970" data-file-height="1137" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C5%8C_no_Yasumaro" title="Ō no Yasumaro">Ō no Yasumaro</a>, the compiler of the Kojiki</figcaption></figure> Takeminakata's abrupt appearance in the Kojiki's version of the kuni-yuzuri myth has long puzzled scholars, as the god is mentioned nowhere else in the work, including the genealogy of Ōkuninushi's progeny that precedes the kuni-yuzuri narrative proper.<a href="#cite_note-174">[156]</a> Aside from the parallel account contained in the Kuji Hongi (which was itself based on the Kojiki<a href="#cite_note-Suwashishi2-175">[157]</a>), he is altogether absent from the Nihon Shoki's version of the myth.<a href="#cite_note-176">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[159]</a> Early documents from Izumo such as the province's <a href="/wiki/Fudoki" title="Fudoki">Fudoki</a> also fail to mention any god named '(Take)minakata', nor is there apparently any sign of Takeminakata worship in Izumo in antiquity.<a href="#cite_note-Suwashishi2-175">[157]</a> Pre-modern authors such as <a href="/wiki/Motoori_Norinaga" title="Motoori Norinaga">Motoori Norinaga</a> tended to explain Takeminakata's absence outside of the Kojiki and the Kuji Hongi by conflating the god with certain obscure deities found in other sources thought to share certain similar characteristics (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Isetsuhiko" title="Isetsuhiko">Isetsuhiko</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Norinaga3-178">[160]</a> While a few modern scholars still suppose some kind of indirect connection between the deity and Izumo by postulating that Takeminakata's origins lie either in peoples that migrated from Izumo northwards to Suwa and the <a href="/wiki/Hokuriku_region" title="Hokuriku region">Hokuriku region</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[161]</a> or in Hokuriku itself (the ancient <a href="/wiki/Koshi_Province_(Japan)" title="Koshi Province (Japan)">province of Koshi</a>, a region apparently once under Izumo's <a href="/wiki/Sphere_of_influence" title="Sphere of influence">sphere of influence</a> as can be inferred from the myth of Ōkuninushi's marriage to Nunakawahime),<a href="#cite_note-180">[162]</a> others instead propose that the connection between Takeminakata and Izumo is an artificial construct by the Kojiki's compilers.<a href="#cite_note-Suwashishi2-175">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-Yoshii-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Matsumae-181">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-miyachi90101-182">[164]</a> The contest between Takeminakata and Takemikazuchi - an element absent in other versions of the kuni-yuzuri myth cycle - is often explained as being either a new myth invented to serve the interests of the imperial court and the <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_clan" title="Fujiwara clan">Fujiwara clan</a>, descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Nakatomi_clan" title="Nakatomi clan">Nakatomi clan</a> that had worshiped Takemikazuchi as a <a href="/wiki/Ujigami" title="Ujigami">patron deity</a><a href="#cite_note-miyachi90101-182">[164]</a> (indeed, in other versions it is the god <a href="/wiki/Futsunushi" title="Futsunushi">Futsunushi</a> that takes center stage rather than Takemikazuchi, who is believed to have taken on Futsunushi's roles and attributes after the Nakatomi rose to power<a href="#cite_note-183">[165]</a>), or an adaptation/reversal of a myth concerning a battle between an interloping god and a local deity preserved in the Suwa region (see below), with Takeminakata (the invading conqueror in Suwa myth) being recast into the role of the subjugated earthly kami.<a href="#cite_note-184">[166]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suwa_Myōjin_and_Moriya">Suwa Myōjin and Moriya</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Suwa Myōjin and Moriya">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yasaka-no-Suzu_-_%E5%85%AB%E6%A0%84%E3%81%AE%E9%88%B4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Yasaka-no-Suzu_-_%E5%85%AB%E6%A0%84%E3%81%AE%E9%88%B4.jpg/220px-Yasaka-no-Suzu_-_%E5%85%AB%E6%A0%84%E3%81%AE%E9%88%B4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Yasaka-no-Suzu_-_%E5%85%AB%E6%A0%84%E3%81%AE%E9%88%B4.jpg/330px-Yasaka-no-Suzu_-_%E5%85%AB%E6%A0%84%E3%81%AE%E9%88%B4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Yasaka-no-Suzu_-_%E5%85%AB%E6%A0%84%E3%81%AE%E9%88%B4.jpg/440px-Yasaka-no-Suzu_-_%E5%85%AB%E6%A0%84%E3%81%AE%E9%88%B4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>The yasaka no suzu (八栄の鈴), a set of bronze <a href="/wiki/Suzu_(bell)" title="Suzu (bell)">bells</a> reputed in legend to have been brought to Suwa by Suwa Myōjin. In actuality, the bells date from the early <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a>.</figcaption></figure> The myth of Takeminakata's (Suwa Myōjin's) arrival in Suwa and his defeat of the god Moriya has been interpreted as the mythicization of a historical event in which a local lineage of chieftains who ruled the Suwa area was subjugated by invading outsiders, who subsequently set themselves up as the new rulers of the region - all the while still retaining the subjugated clan in an important position as the wielder of spiritual and ritual authority. This theory explains the relation between the Suwa (Miwa/Jin) and Moriya priestly families of the Upper Shrine of Suwa as that of the Moriya clan being the regional power supplanted by the newly arrived Miwa (Suwa) clan. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ina_Valley_Relief_Map,_SRTM.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ina_Valley_Relief_Map%2C_SRTM.jpg/190px-Ina_Valley_Relief_Map%2C_SRTM.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="380" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ina_Valley_Relief_Map%2C_SRTM.jpg/285px-Ina_Valley_Relief_Map%2C_SRTM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Ina_Valley_Relief_Map%2C_SRTM.jpg/380px-Ina_Valley_Relief_Map%2C_SRTM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Relief map of the Ina Valley. <a href="/wiki/Lake_Suwa" title="Lake Suwa">Lake Suwa</a> can be seen at top right.</figcaption></figure> While one theory places this event during the end of the <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jōmon period</a>, thus portraying the new arrivals as <a href="/wiki/Agrarian_society" title="Agrarian society">agrarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Yayoi_people" title="Yayoi people">Yayoi</a> tribes who came into conflict with indigenous <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_people" title="Jōmon people">Jōmon</a> hunter-gatherers,<a href="#cite_note-185">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-NHK-186">[168]</a> others instead propose this conflict to have taken place during the late <a href="/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun period</a> (late 6th-early 7th century), when keyhole-shaped <a href="/wiki/Kofun" title="Kofun">burial mounds</a> containing <a href="/wiki/Horse_tack" title="Horse tack">equestrian gear</a> as grave goods - up to this point found mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Shimoina_District,_Nagano" title="Shimoina District, Nagano">Shimoina region</a> southwest of Suwa - begin to appear in the Lake Suwa area, replacing the kind of burial that had been common in the region since the early 5th century. This theory thus supposes these migrants to have been a clan allied with the <a href="/wiki/Yamato_period" title="Yamato period">Yamato kingdom</a> that specialized in horse breeding and horseback riding. Indeed, the Yamato polity showed strong interest to Shinano because of its suitability as a place for grazing and breeding horses and considered it a strategic base for conquering the eastern regions.<a href="#cite_note-187">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[172]</a> This clan, the Miwa (Suwa), is thought to be related to either the Kanasashi clan (金刺氏), an offshoot of a local magnate clan (<a href="/wiki/Kuni_no_miyatsuko" title="Kuni no miyatsuko">kuni no miyatsuko</a>) that later became the high priestly family of the Lower Shrine of Suwa,<a href="#cite_note-191">[173]</a> or the Miwa (Ōmiwa) clan (<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%BC%AA%E6%B0%8F" class="extiw" title="ja:三輪氏">三輪氏</a>) originally based on the area around <a href="/wiki/Mount_Miwa" title="Mount Miwa">Mount Miwa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yamato_Province" title="Yamato Province">Yamato Province</a>.<a href="#cite_note-192">[174]</a> The theory suggests based on archaeological evidence that the Miwa (Suwa) came to the Suwa Basin from Shimoina, making their way northwards along the <a href="/wiki/Tenry%C5%AB_River" title="Tenryū River">Tenryū River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[175]</a> In conjunction with this hypothesis, it is pointed out that in the Nobushige Gejō (believed to be the earliest attestation of this myth), the Suwa deity is said to have descended from heaven bringing with him bells, a <a href="/wiki/Bronze_mirror" title="Bronze mirror">mirror</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Saddle" title="Saddle">saddle</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Bridle" title="Bridle">bridle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-194">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[178]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mononobe_no_Moriya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Mononobe_no_Moriya.jpg/150px-Mononobe_no_Moriya.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Mononobe_no_Moriya.jpg/225px-Mononobe_no_Moriya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Mononobe_no_Moriya.jpg/300px-Mononobe_no_Moriya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="1544" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mononobe_no_Moriya" title="Mononobe no Moriya">Mononobe no Moriya</a></figcaption></figure> This theory that the legend of the Suwa deity's victory over Moriya reflects historical fact has recently come into question. Due to similarities between certain variants of this myth and medieval legends surrounding <a href="/wiki/Prince_Sh%C5%8Dtoku" title="Prince Shōtoku">Prince Shōtoku</a>'s defeat of <a href="/wiki/Mononobe_no_Moriya" title="Mononobe no Moriya">Mononobe no Moriya</a> (e.g. Shōtoku's and Suwa Myōjin's opponents both being named 'Moriya', the deity's manifestation and the foundation of the Upper Shrine being dated to the year 587 - the same year as the <a href="/wiki/Soga%E2%80%93Mononobe_conflict" title="Soga–Mononobe conflict">battle</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Soga_clan" title="Soga clan">Soga</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mononobe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mononobe">Mononobe</a> clans - in some texts), some see the myth as being highly influenced by such stories about Shōtoku (so Ihara, 2008),<a href="#cite_note-197">[179]</a> while others regard it as an outright invention modeled on these legends (Harada, 2018).<a href="#cite_note-198">[180]</a> Aoki (2012) theorizes that the myth developed somewhere during the late Heian and early <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura</a> periods, when the deity of Suwa came to be venerated as a warrior god, and cautions against uncritical application of this story to known archaeological data.<a href="#cite_note-199">[181]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Takeminakata_in_imperial_sources">Takeminakata in imperial sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Takeminakata in imperial sources">edit</a>]</div> While the Kojiki does not yet explicitly mention the worship of Takeminakata in Suwa, by the following century, we see the name applied to the god worshipped in what is now the Grand Shrine of Suwa: aside from the Kuji Hongi's (807-936 CE) reference to Takeminakata being enshrined in 'Suwa Shrine in Suwa <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Japan" title="Districts of Japan">District</a>'<a href="#cite_note-Hongi-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hongi2-1">[1]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Shoku_Nihon_K%C5%8Dki" title="Shoku Nihon Kōki">Shoku Nihon Kōki</a> mentions the deity 'Minakatatomi-no-Kami of Suwa District, Shinano Province' (信濃国諏訪郡 ... 南方刀美神) being promoted from rankless (无位) to junior fifth rank, lower grade (従五位下) by the imperial court in the year 842 CE (<a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dwa_(Heian_period)" title="Jōwa (Heian period)">Jōwa</a> 9).<a href="#cite_note-200">[s]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shoku1-201">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shoku2-202">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-Database-203">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-Suwa689-204">[185]</a> During the 850-60s, Takeminakata and his shrine rose very rapidly in rank (<a href="/wiki/Nihon_Montoku_Tenn%C5%8D_Jitsuroku" title="Nihon Montoku Tennō Jitsuroku">Montoku Jitsuroku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Sandai_Jitsuroku" title="Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku">Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku</a>), being promoted to the rank of junior fifth, upper grade (従五位上) in 850 (<a href="/wiki/Kash%C5%8D" title="Kashō">Kashō</a> 3),<a href="#cite_note-205">[t]</a><a href="#cite_note-Montoku-206">[186]</a> to junior third (従三位) in 851 (<a href="/wiki/Ninju" title="Ninju">Ninju</a> 1),<a href="#cite_note-207">[u]</a><a href="#cite_note-Montoku2-208">[187]</a> to junior (従二位)<a href="#cite_note-209">[v]</a> and then senior second (正二位)<a href="#cite_note-210">[w]</a> in 859 (<a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dgan" title="Jōgan">Jōgan</a> 1),<a href="#cite_note-NihonSandai-211">[188]</a> and finally to junior first rank (従一位) in 867 (Jōgan 9).<a href="#cite_note-212">[x]</a><a href="#cite_note-NihonSandai2-213">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-Database-203">[184]</a> The influence of the Kanasashi-no-toneri clan is thought to be behind the deity's sudden progress in rank.<a href="#cite_note-Suwa689-204">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-Owa221-214">[190]</a> After a few decades, the 'Register of Deities' (神名帳 Jinmyōchō) section of the <a href="/wiki/Engishiki" title="Engishiki">Engishiki</a> (927) speaks of the 'Minakatatomi Shrine(s)' (南方刀美神社) as enshrining two deities and being the two <a href="/wiki/My%C5%8Djin" title="Myōjin">major ('eminent') shrines</a> of Suwa district.<a href="#cite_note-215">[y]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[191]</a> By 940 (<a href="/wiki/Tengy%C5%8D" title="Tengyō">Tengyō</a> 3), the deity had been promoted to the highest rank of senior first (正一位).<a href="#cite_note-Suwa689-204">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consort_and_Offspring">Consort and Offspring</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Consort and Offspring">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suwa_taisha_akimiya01bs3200.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Suwa_taisha_akimiya01bs3200.jpg/220px-Suwa_taisha_akimiya01bs3200.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Suwa_taisha_akimiya01bs3200.jpg/330px-Suwa_taisha_akimiya01bs3200.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Suwa_taisha_akimiya01bs3200.jpg/440px-Suwa_taisha_akimiya01bs3200.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2130" /></a><figcaption>The Akimiya (秋宮) or Autumn Shrine, one of the two component shrines of the Suwa Shimosha</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yasakatome">Yasakatome</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Yasakatome">edit</a>]</div> Suwa Myōjin's spouse is the goddess <a href="/wiki/Yasakatome" title="Yasakatome">Yasakatome-no-Kami</a> (八坂刀売神), most often considered to be the deity of the Lower Shrine of Suwa or the Shimosha.<a href="#cite_note-218">[193]</a> Unlike the relatively well-documented Suwa Kamisha, very little concrete information is available regarding the origins of the Shimosha and its goddess.<a href="#cite_note-219">[194]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yasakatome" title="Yasakatome">Yasakatome</a>'s first historical attestation is in the Shoku Nihon Kōki, where the goddess is given the rank of junior fifth, lower grade (従五位下) by the imperial court in the tenth month of <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dwa_(Heian_period)" title="Jōwa (Heian period)">Jōwa</a> 9 (842 CE), five months after the same rank was conferred on Takeminakata.<a href="#cite_note-220">[z]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shoku1-201">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[195]</a> As Takeminakata rose up in rank, so did <a href="/wiki/Yasakatome" title="Yasakatome">Yasakatome</a>,<a href="#cite_note-222">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-Montoku-206">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-Montoku2-208">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-NihonSandai-211">[188]</a> so that by 867 CE, <a href="/wiki/Yasakatome" title="Yasakatome">Yasakatome</a> had been promoted to senior second (正二位).<a href="#cite_note-NihonSandai2-213">[189]</a> The goddess was finally promoted to senior first rank (正一位) in 1074 (<a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Jōhō">Jōhō</a> 1).<a href="#cite_note-Owa221-214">[190]</a> Stories and claims about the goddess are diverse and contradictory. Regarding her parentage for instance, the lore of Kawaai Shrine (川会神社) in <a href="/wiki/Kitaazumi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitaazumi District">Kitaazumi District</a> identifies <a href="/wiki/Yasakatome" title="Yasakatome">Yasakatome</a> as the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Watatsumi" title="Watatsumi">Watatsumi</a>, god of the sea,<a href="#cite_note-223">[197]</a> which has been seen as hinting to a connection between the goddess and the seafaring <a href="/wiki/Azumi_people" title="Azumi people">Azumi clan</a> (<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9B%87%E6%B0%8F" class="extiw" title="ja:阿曇氏">安曇氏</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Miyasaka39-224">[198]</a> Another claim originating from sources dating from the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a> is that <a href="/wiki/Yasakatome" title="Yasakatome">Yasakatome</a> was the daughter of Ame-no-yasakahiko (天八坂彦命), a god recorded in the Kuji Hongi as one of the companions of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_deities#Minor_kami" title="List of Japanese deities">Nigihayahi-no-Mikoto</a> when the latter came down from heaven.<a href="#cite_note-225">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-226">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miyasaka39-224">[198]</a> The ice cracks that appear on Lake Suwa during cold winters, the omiwatari (<a href="#Omiwatari">see above</a>) are reputed in folklore to be caused by Suwa Myōjin's crossing the frozen lake to visit <a href="/wiki/Yasakatome" title="Yasakatome">Yasakatome</a>.<a href="#cite_note-railways1922-155">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Princess_Kasuga">Princess Kasuga</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Princess Kasuga">edit</a>]</div> The Kōga Saburō legend identifies the goddess of the Shimosha with Saburō's wife, whose name is given in some variants of the story as 'Princess Kasuga' (春日姫 Kasuga-hime).<a href="#cite_note-SuwaEngi-227">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kanai17-228">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children">Children</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Children">edit</a>]</div> In Suwa, a number of local deities are popularly considered to be the children of Suwa Myōjin and his consort. Ōta (1926) lists the following gods:<a href="#cite_note-Ota4445-229">[203]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suwa_taisha_Kamisha_Honmiya_,_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BE_%E4%B8%8A%E7%A4%BE_%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%AE_-_panoramio_(19).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Suwa_taisha_Kamisha_Honmiya_%2C_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BE_%E4%B8%8A%E7%A4%BE_%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%AE_-_panoramio_%2819%29.jpg/220px-Suwa_taisha_Kamisha_Honmiya_%2C_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BE_%E4%B8%8A%E7%A4%BE_%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%AE_-_panoramio_%2819%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Suwa_taisha_Kamisha_Honmiya_%2C_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BE_%E4%B8%8A%E7%A4%BE_%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%AE_-_panoramio_%2819%29.jpg/330px-Suwa_taisha_Kamisha_Honmiya_%2C_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BE_%E4%B8%8A%E7%A4%BE_%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%AE_-_panoramio_%2819%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Suwa_taisha_Kamisha_Honmiya_%2C_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BE_%E4%B8%8A%E7%A4%BE_%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%AE_-_panoramio_%2819%29.jpg/440px-Suwa_taisha_Kamisha_Honmiya_%2C_%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BE_%E4%B8%8A%E7%A4%BE_%E6%9C%AC%E5%AE%AE_-_panoramio_%2819%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Izuhaya-sha (出早社), an <a href="/wiki/Setsumatsusha" title="Setsumatsusha">auxiliary shrine</a> in the Kamisha Honmiya dedicated to the god Izuhayao (出早雄命), believed to be one of Suwa Myōjin's offspring</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Hikokamiwake-no-Mikoto (彦神別命)</li> <li>Tatsuwakahime-no-Kami (多都若姫神)</li> <li>Taruhime-no-Kami (多留姫神)</li> <li>Izuhayao-no-Mikoto (伊豆早雄命)</li> <li>Tateshina-no-Kami (建志名神)</li> <li>Tsumashinahime-no-Kami (妻科姫神)</li> <li>Ikeno'o-no-Kami (池生神)</li> <li>Tsumayamizuhime-no-mMikoto (都麻屋美豆姫命)</li> <li>Yakine-no-Mikoto (八杵命)</li> <li>Suwa-wakahiko-no-Mikoto (洲羽若彦命)</li> <li>Katakurabe-no-Mikoto (片倉辺命)</li> <li>Okihagi-no-Mikoto (興波岐命)</li> <li>Wakemizuhiko-no-Mikoto (別水彦命)</li> <li>Moritatsu-no-Kami (守達神)</li> <li>Takamori-no-kami (高杜神)</li> <li>Enatakemimi-no-Mikoto (恵奈武耳命)</li> <li>Okutsuiwatate-no-Kami (奥津石建神)</li> <li>Ohotsuno-no-Kami (竟富角神)</li> <li>Ōkunugi-no-Kami (大橡神)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Claimed_descendants">Claimed descendants</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Claimed descendants">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suwa_clan">Suwa clan</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Suwa clan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Suwa_clan" title="Suwa clan">Suwa clan</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jinchoukan-Moriya-shiryoukan_Oohouri-bosho.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Jinchoukan-Moriya-shiryoukan_Oohouri-bosho.JPG/230px-Jinchoukan-Moriya-shiryoukan_Oohouri-bosho.JPG" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Jinchoukan-Moriya-shiryoukan_Oohouri-bosho.JPG/345px-Jinchoukan-Moriya-shiryoukan_Oohouri-bosho.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Jinchoukan-Moriya-shiryoukan_Oohouri-bosho.JPG/460px-Jinchoukan-Moriya-shiryoukan_Oohouri-bosho.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The graves of various Suwa ōhōri within the historical estate grounds of the Moriya clan in Chino, Nagano. Both the <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%98%E5%AE%88%E7%9F%A2%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%99%E9%A4%A8" class="extiw" title="ja:神長官守矢史料館">Jinchōkan Moriya Historical Museum</a> and the head <a href="/wiki/Mishaguji" title="Mishaguji">Mishaguji</a> shrine (sōsha) are located in the same precincts.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Suwa_clan" title="Suwa clan">Suwa clan</a> who once occupied the position of head priest or ōhōri of the Suwa Kamisha traditionally considered themselves to be descendants of Suwa Myōjin/Takeminakata,<a href="#cite_note-Picken-230">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-Inoue352-231">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[206]</a> although historically they are probably descended from the Kanasashi-no-toneri clan appointed by the Yamato court to govern the Suwa area in the 6th century (<a href="#Analysis">see above</a>).<a href="#cite_note-233">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_clans">Other clans</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Other clans">edit</a>]</div> The Suwa ōhōri was assisted <a href="/wiki/Suwa_taisha#Kamisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Suwa taisha">by five priests</a>, some of whom were also considered to be descendants of local deities related to Suwa Myōjin/Takeminakata.<a href="#cite_note-Inoue352-231">[205]</a> One clan, the Koide (小出氏), the original occupants of the offices of negi-dayū (禰宜大夫) and gi-no-hōri (擬祝), claimed descent from the god Yakine.<a href="#cite_note-234">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-Oota1924-235">[209]</a> A second clan, the Yajima (八島(嶋)氏 or 矢島氏), which served as gon-no-hōri (権祝), considered the god Ikeno'o to be their ancestor.<a href="#cite_note-236">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sasamoto-237">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[213]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Worship">Worship</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Worship">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shrines">Shrines</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Shrines">edit</a>]</div> As the gods of the Grand Shrine of Suwa, Suwa Myōjin/Takeminakata and <a href="/wiki/Yasakatome" title="Yasakatome">Yasakatome</a> also serve as the deities of shrines belonging to the Suwa shrine network (諏訪神社 Suwa-jinja) all over Japan. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_god_of_wind_and_water">As god of wind and water</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: As god of wind and water">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nagikama.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Nagikama.png/220px-Nagikama.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Nagikama.png/330px-Nagikama.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Nagikama.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption>Nagikama</figcaption></figure>The Nihon Shoki's record of Yamato emissaries worshipping the god of Suwa alongside the gods of <a href="/wiki/Tatsuta_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatsuta Shrine">Tatsuta Shrine</a> - worshipped for their power to control and ward off wind-related disasters such as <a href="/wiki/Drought" title="Drought">droughts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Typhoon" title="Typhoon">typhoons</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[214]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[216]</a> - implies that the Yamato imperial court recognized the deity as a god of <a href="/wiki/List_of_wind_deities" title="List of wind deities">wind</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_water_deities" title="List of water deities">water</a> during the late 7th century.<a href="#cite_note-Yazaki22-243">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-Muraoka17-244">[218]</a> One theory regarding the origin of the name '(Take)minakata' even supposes it to derive from a word denoting a body of water (水潟 minakata; <a href="#Etymology">see above</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Miyasaka31-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Okada-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[219]</a> Snake-shaped iron <a href="/wiki/Kama_(weapon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kama (weapon)">sickle</a> blades called nagikama (薙鎌) were traditionally used in the Suwa region to ward off strong winds, typhoons and other natural disasters; it was once customary for nagikama to be attached to wooden staves and placed on one corner of the rooftop of the house during the autumn typhoon season.<a href="#cite_note-Yazaki98-246">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[222]</a> Nagikama are also traditionally hammered onto the trees chosen to become the <a href="/wiki/Onbashira" title="Onbashira">onbashira</a> of the Suwa Kamisha and Shimosha some time before these are actually felled.<a href="#cite_note-249">[223]</a> In addition to these and other uses, the blades are also distributed to function as <a href="/wiki/Shintai" title="Shintai">shintai</a> for branch shrines of the <a href="/wiki/Shinto_shrine#Shrine_networks" title="Shinto shrine">Suwa shrine network</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Yazaki98-246">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[224]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Association_with_snakes_and_dragons">Association with snakes and dragons</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Association with snakes and dragons">edit</a>]</div> Suwa Myōjin's association with the <a href="/wiki/Snakes_in_mythology" title="Snakes in mythology">snake</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_dragon" title="Japanese dragon">dragon</a> in many stories featuring the god such as the Kōga Saburō legend (see <a href="#Legends_of_Suwa_Myōjin">'Legends of Suwa Myōjin'</a> above) might be related to his being considered as a deity presiding over wind and water, due to the association of dragons with winds and the rain in Japanese belief.<a href="#cite_note-251">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[226]</a> (See also <a href="/wiki/Mizuchi" title="Mizuchi">mizuchi</a>.) <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samantabhadra_Fugen_Bosatsu_Okura.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Samantabhadra_Fugen_Bosatsu_Okura.JPG/170px-Samantabhadra_Fugen_Bosatsu_Okura.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Samantabhadra_Fugen_Bosatsu_Okura.JPG/255px-Samantabhadra_Fugen_Bosatsu_Okura.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Samantabhadra_Fugen_Bosatsu_Okura.JPG/340px-Samantabhadra_Fugen_Bosatsu_Okura.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1399" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Suwa Myōjin was once believed to be a manifestation (suijaku) of the bodhisattva Samantabhadra.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_shinbutsu-shūgō">Under shinbutsu-shūgō</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Under shinbutsu-shūgō">edit</a>]</div> During the Middle Ages, under the then-prevalent <a href="/wiki/Shinbutsu-sh%C5%ABg%C5%8D" title="Shinbutsu-shūgō">synthesis of Buddhism and Shinto</a>, Suwa Myōjin was <a href="/wiki/Honji_suijaku" title="Honji suijaku">identified</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Bodhisattva" title="Bodhisattva">bodhisattva</a> <a href="/wiki/Samantabhadra_(Bodhisattva)" title="Samantabhadra (Bodhisattva)">Samantabhadra</a> (Fugen),<a href="#cite_note-253">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[228]</a> with the goddess of the Shimosha being associated with the <a href="/wiki/Avalokite%C5%9Bvara#Thousand-armed_Avalokiteśvara" title="Avalokiteśvara">thousand-armed form of the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara</a> (Senju Kannon).<a href="#cite_note-255">[229]</a> During the medieval period, <a href="/wiki/Jing%C5%AB-ji" title="Jingū-ji">Buddhist temples and other edifices</a> were erected on the precincts of both shrines, including a stone <a href="/wiki/Pagoda" title="Pagoda">pagoda</a> called the Tettō (鉄塔 "iron tower") - symbolizing the legendary <a href="/wiki/Vajrasattva#Shingon_Buddhism" title="Vajrasattva">iron tower in India</a> where, according to <a href="/wiki/Shingon_Buddhism" title="Shingon Buddhism">Shingon</a> tradition, <a href="/wiki/Nagarjuna" title="Nagarjuna">Nagarjuna</a> was said to have received esoteric teachings from <a href="/wiki/Vajrasattva" title="Vajrasattva">Vajrasattva</a> (who is sometimes identified with Samantabhadra) - and a sanctuary to Samantabhadra (普賢堂 Fugendō), both of which served at the time as the Kamisha's <a href="/wiki/Shintai" title="Shintai">main objects of worship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Inoue349350-256">[230]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Suwa_Kamisha_Tett%C5%8D.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Suwa_Kamisha_Tett%C5%8D.png/200px-Suwa_Kamisha_Tett%C5%8D.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Suwa_Kamisha_Tett%C5%8D.png/300px-Suwa_Kamisha_Tett%C5%8D.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Suwa_Kamisha_Tett%C5%8D.png/400px-Suwa_Kamisha_Tett%C5%8D.png 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="753" /></a><figcaption>The Kamisha Honmiya's Iron Tower or Tettō photographed during the early 20th century. After the removal or demolition of Buddhist structures in Suwa Shrine following the <a href="/wiki/Shinbutsu_bunri" title="Shinbutsu bunri">separation of Buddhism and Shinto</a>, this pagoda was moved to Onsenji Temple (温泉寺) in <a href="/wiki/Suwa,_Nagano" title="Suwa, Nagano">Suwa City</a>, where it currently resides.</figcaption></figure> With the establishment of <a href="/wiki/State_Shinto" title="State Shinto">State Shinto</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a> in 1868 and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Shinbutsu_bunri" title="Shinbutsu bunri">separation of Buddhism and Shinto</a>, the shrine monks (shasō) attached to Buddhist temples in the Suwa shrine complex were laicized, with Buddhist symbols and structures being either removed or destroyed; Buddhist ceremonies performed in both the Kamisha and the Shimosha, such as the yearly offering of the <a href="/wiki/Lotus_Sutra" title="Lotus Sutra">Lotus Sutra</a> to Suwa Myōjin (involving the placing of a copy of the sutra inside the Tettō), were discontinued.<a href="#cite_note-257">[231]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_god_of_hunting">As god of hunting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: As god of hunting">edit</a>]</div> Suwa Myōjin is also worshipped as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_hunting_deities" title="List of hunting deities">god of hunting</a>; not surprisingly, some of the Kamisha's religious ceremonies traditionally involve(d) ritual <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Animal_sacrifice" title="Animal sacrifice">animal sacrifice</a>. For instance, the Frog Hunting Ritual (蛙狩神事 kawazugari shinji) held every New Year's Day involves the shooting (or rather, piercing) of frogs captured from a sacred river or stream within the Kamisha's precincts with miniature arrows.<a href="#cite_note-Miyasaka9216-258">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[234]</a> This ritual - which has come under harsh criticism from local activists and animal rights groups for its perceived cruelty to the frogs involved<a href="#cite_note-261">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[236]</a> - was traditionally performed to secure peace and a bountiful harvest for the coming year.<a href="#cite_note-Miyasaka9216-258">[232]</a> Another festival, the Ontōsai (御頭祭) or the Tori no matsuri (酉の祭, so called because it was formerly held on the <a href="/wiki/Earthly_Branches" title="Earthly Branches">Day of</a> <a href="/wiki/Rooster_(zodiac)" title="Rooster (zodiac)">the Rooster</a>) currently held every April 15, feature the offering of seventy-five <a href="/wiki/Taxidermy" title="Taxidermy">stuffed deer heads</a> (a substitute for freshly cut heads of deer used in the past), as well as the consumption of <a href="/wiki/Venison" title="Venison">venison</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Game_(hunting)" title="Game (hunting)">game</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbit</a>, various kinds of seafood and other foodstuffs by the priests and other participants in a ritual banquet.<a href="#cite_note-263">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-264">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[241]</a> One of the Suwa Kamisha's hunting festivals, the Misayama Festival (御射山祭), formerly held in a field - the kōya (神野 'the god's plain') - at the foot of the <a href="/wiki/Yatsugatake_Mountains" title="Yatsugatake Mountains">Yatsugatake Mountains</a> for five days (from the 26th to the 30th of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar#Months" title="Japanese calendar">the seventh month</a>),<a href="#cite_note-269">[aa]</a> was one of the grandest festivals in Suwa during the <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura period</a>, attracting many of the <a href="/wiki/Samurai" title="Samurai">samurai class</a> from all across Japan who engaged in displays of <a href="/wiki/Yabusame" title="Yabusame">mounted archery</a>, bouts of <a href="/wiki/Sumo_wrestling" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumo wrestling">sumo wrestling</a> and <a href="/wiki/Takagari" title="Takagari">falconry</a> as part of the festivities, as well as people from all walks of life.<a href="#cite_note-270">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-272">[245]</a> The Shimosha also held its own Misayama Festival at the same time as the Kamisha (albeit in a different location), in which various warrior clans also participated.<a href="#cite_note-273">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[247]</a> Suwa Myōjin's association with the mountains and hunting is also evident from the description of the ōhōri as sitting upon a deer hide (the deer being an animal thought to be sacred to Suwa Myōjin) during the Ontōsai ritual as practiced during medieval times.<a href="#cite_note-275">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[249]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suwa_Myōjin_and_meat_eating">Suwa Myōjin and meat eating</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Suwa Myōjin and meat eating">edit</a>]</div> At a time when slaughter of animals and consumption of meat was frowned upon due to <a href="/wiki/Mahayana_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahayana Buddhism">Mahayana Buddhism</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism#Mahayana_view" title="Buddhist vegetarianism">strict views on vegetarianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_ethics#Killing" title="Buddhist ethics">the general Buddhist opposition against the taking of life</a>, the cult of Suwa Myōjin was a unique feature in the Japanese religious landscape for its celebration of hunting and meat eating.<a href="#cite_note-277">[250]</a> A four-line verse attached to the Kōga Saburō legend popularly known as the Suwa no kanmon (諏訪の勘文) encapsulates the justification of meat eating within a Buddhist framework: by being eaten by humans and 'dwelling' inside their bodies, ignorant animals could achieve <a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Buddhism" title="Enlightenment in Buddhism">enlightenment</a> together with their human consumers.<a href="#cite_note-278">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[252]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> 業尽有情 Gōjin ujō 雖放不生 Suihō fushō 故宿人天 Koshuku ninten 同証仏果 Dōshō bukka<a href="#cite_note-SuwaEngi-227">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[253]</a> Sentient beings who have exhausted their <a href="/wiki/Karma_in_Buddhism" title="Karma in Buddhism">karma</a>: Even if one <a href="/wiki/Animals_in_Buddhism#Release_of_animals" title="Animals in Buddhism">sets (them) free</a>, (they) will not live (for long); Therefore (have them) dwell within humans and <a href="/wiki/Deva_(Buddhism)" title="Deva (Buddhism)">gods</a> (That they may) as well achieve <a href="/wiki/Buddhahood" title="Buddhahood">Buddhahood</a> </div></blockquote> The Kamisha produced special talismans (鹿食免 kajiki-men "permit to eat <a href="/wiki/Venison" title="Venison">venison</a>") and <a href="/wiki/Chopsticks" title="Chopsticks">chopsticks</a> (鹿食箸 kajiki-bashi) that were held to allow the bearer to eat meat.<a href="#cite_note-EOSsuwashinko-281">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-Miyasaka5556-282">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kajikimen-284">[257]</a> Since it was the only one of its kind in Japan, the talisman was popular among hunters and meat eaters.<a href="#cite_note-Inoue352-231">[205]</a> These sacred licenses and chopsticks were distributed to the public both by the priests of the Kamisha as well as wandering preachers associated with the shrine known as oshi (御師), who preached the tale of Suwa Myōjin as Kōga Saburō as well as other stories concerning the god and his benefits.<a href="#cite_note-Inoue352-231">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kajikimen-284">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_war_god">As war god</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: As war god">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hatajirushi3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Hatajirushi3.png/180px-Hatajirushi3.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Hatajirushi3.png/270px-Hatajirushi3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Hatajirushi3.png/360px-Hatajirushi3.png 2x" data-file-width="1243" data-file-height="865" /></a><figcaption>A depiction of war banners used by the <a href="/wiki/Taira_clan" title="Taira clan">Taira clan</a> (right) and Takeda Shingen (left). The leftmost banner (white with blue border and red lettering) carries the inscription Suwa hosshō-kamishimo-daimyōjin (諏訪法性上下大明神).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shingen_Takeda%27s_armour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Shingen_Takeda%27s_armour.jpg/180px-Shingen_Takeda%27s_armour.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Shingen_Takeda%27s_armour.jpg/270px-Shingen_Takeda%27s_armour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Shingen_Takeda%27s_armour.jpg/360px-Shingen_Takeda%27s_armour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>A modern reproduction of Takeda Shingen's helmet</figcaption></figure> Suwa Myōjin is also considered to be a <a href="/wiki/List_of_war_deities" title="List of war deities">god of war</a>, one of a number of such deities in the Japanese pantheon. Besides the legend of the god's apparition to <a href="/wiki/Sakanoue_no_Tamuramaro" title="Sakanoue no Tamuramaro">Sakanoue no Tamuramaro</a> (<a href="#Apparition_to_Sakanoue_no_Tamuramaro">see above</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Songs_to_Make_the_Dust_Dance_on_the_Beams" class="mw-redirect" title="Songs to Make the Dust Dance on the Beams">Ryōjin Hishō</a> compiled in 1179 (the late <a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a>) also attest to the worship of the god of Suwa in the capacity of god of warfare at the time of its compilation, naming the shrine of Suwa among famous shrines to martial deities in the eastern half of the country. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> These gods of war live <a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Kantō">east of the barrier</a>:<a href="#cite_note-285">[ab]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kashima_Shrine" title="Kashima Shrine">Kashima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katori_Shrine" title="Katori Shrine">Katori</a>, Suwa no Miya, and <a href="/wiki/Shirahige_Shrine" title="Shirahige Shrine">Hira Myōjin</a>; also <a href="/wiki/Awa_Shrine" title="Awa Shrine">Su</a> in <a href="/wiki/Awa_Province_(Chiba)" title="Awa Province (Chiba)">Awa</a>, <a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E7%AB%8B%E6%9D%BE%E5%8E%9F%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:下立松原神社">Otaka Myōjin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shirahama,_Chiba" title="Shirahama, Chiba">Tai no Kuchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kusanagi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kusanagi">Yatsurugi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atsuta_Shrine" title="Atsuta Shrine">Atsuta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tado_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tado Shrine">Tado no Miya</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ise_Province" title="Ise Province">Ise</a>. </div><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Ryōjin Hishō, song 258<a href="#cite_note-University_of_California_Press-164">[147]</a> <a href="#cite_note-286">[ac]</a></cite></div></blockquote> During the Kamakura period, the Suwa clan's association with the <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_shogunate" title="Kamakura shogunate">shogunate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dj%C5%8D_clan" title="Hōjō clan">Hōjō clan</a> helped further cement Suwa Myōjin's reputation as a martial deity.<a href="#cite_note-Yazaki25-287">[258]</a> The shrines of Suwa and the priestly clans thereof flourished under the patronage of the Hōjō, which promoted devotion to the god as a sign of loyalty to the shogunate.<a href="#cite_note-Yazaki25-287">[258]</a> Suwa branch shrines became numerous all across Japan, especially in territories held by clans devoted to the god (for instance, the <a href="/wiki/Kant%C5%8D_region" title="Kantō region">Kantō region</a>, traditional stronghold of the <a href="/wiki/Minamoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Minamoto">Minamoto</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seiwa_Genji" title="Seiwa Genji">Seiwa Genji</a>) clan).<a href="#cite_note-288">[259]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Takeda_clan" title="Takeda clan">Takeda clan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kai_Province" title="Kai Province">Kai Province</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Yamanashi_Prefecture" title="Yamanashi Prefecture">Yamanashi Prefecture</a>) were devotees of Suwa Myōjin, its most famous member, the Sengoku daimyō <a href="/wiki/Takeda_Shingen" title="Takeda Shingen">Takeda Shingen</a> being no exception.<a href="#cite_note-289">[260]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[261]</a> His devotion is visibly evident in some of his war banners, which bore the god's name and invocations such as Namu Suwa Nangū Hosshō Kamishimo Daimyōjin (南無諏方南宮法性上下大明神 '<a href="/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste">Namo</a> Dharma-Nature Daimyōjin of the Suwa Upper and Lower Shrines').<a href="#cite_note-Guide-21">[21]</a> The iconic horned <a href="/wiki/Kabuto" title="Kabuto">helmet</a> with the flowing white hair commonly associated with Shingen, popularly known as the Suwa-hosshō helmet (諏訪法性兜 Suwa-hosshō-(no)-kabuto), came to be reputed in some popular culture retellings to have been blessed by the god, guaranteeing success in battle to its wearer.<a href="#cite_note-291">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[263]</a> Shingen also issued an order for the reinstitution of the religious rites of both the Kamisha and the Shimosha in 1565.<a href="#cite_note-293">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[265]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_tree">Family tree</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Family tree">edit</a>]</div> <div style="margin: 0px; padding: 2px; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; text-align: center; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%; text-align:center"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto; font-size:94%"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"> <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cyamatsumi" title="Ōyamatsumi">Ōyamatsumi</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-chamberlain-1882-296">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-chamberlain-1882-2-297">[268]</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"> <a href="/wiki/Susanoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Susanoo">Susanoo</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[270]</a><a href="#cite_note-herbert-2010-300">[271]</a>: 277 </td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:pink;"> <a href="/wiki/Kamuo_Ichihime" title="Kamuo Ichihime">Kamuo Ichihime</a><a href="#cite_note-chamberlain-1882-296">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-chamberlain-1882-2-297">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-kotobank-2023-301">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-kokugakuin-university-2023-302">[273]</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:pink;"><a href="/wiki/Konohanachiru-hime" title="Konohanachiru-hime">Konohanachiru-hime</a><a href="#cite_note-mori-303">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-herbert-2010-300">[271]</a>: 277 </td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"><a href="/wiki/Ashinazuchi_and_Tenazuchi" title="Ashinazuchi and Tenazuchi">Ashinazuchi</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-www2kokugakuinacjp-2023-305">[276]</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:pink;"><a href="/wiki/Ashinazuchi_and_Tenazuchi" title="Ashinazuchi and Tenazuchi">Tenazuchi</a><a href="#cite_note-www2kokugakuinacjp-2023-305">[276]</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"><a href="/wiki/Toshigami" title="Toshigami">Toshigami</a><a href="#cite_note-kokugakuin-university-2023-302">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-kotobank-2023-301">[272]</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:pink;"><a href="/wiki/Ukanomitama" title="Ukanomitama">Ukanomitama</a><a href="#cite_note-chamberlain-1882-296">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-chamberlain-1882-2-297">[268]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Inari_%C5%8Ckami" title="Inari Ōkami">Inari</a>)<a href="#cite_note-306">[277]</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:silver;"><a href="/wiki/Oyamakui_no_Kami" title="Oyamakui no Kami">Oyamakui</a><a href="#cite_note-307">[278]</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:pink;"><a href="/wiki/Kushinadahime" title="Kushinadahime">Kushinadahime</a><a href="#cite_note-www2kokugakuinacjp-2023-305">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-herbert-2010-300">[271]</a>: 277 </td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"><a href="/wiki/Yashimajinumi" title="Yashimajinumi">Yashimajinumi</a><a href="#cite_note-mori-303">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-herbert-2010-300">[271]</a>: 277 </td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"><a href="/wiki/Kagu-tsuchi" title="Kagu-tsuchi">Kagutsuchi</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[280]</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"><a href="/wiki/Kuraokami" title="Kuraokami">Kuraokami</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[281]</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:pink;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hikawahime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hikawahime (page does not exist)">Hikawahime</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%B2%B3%E6%AF%94%E5%A3%B2" class="extiw" title="ja:日河比売">ja</a>]<a href="#cite_note-311">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-herbert-2010-300">[271]</a>: 278 </td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuha-no-Mojikunusunu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuha-no-Mojikunusunu (page does not exist)">Fuha-no-Mojikunusunu</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%B3%A2%E8%83%BD%E6%AF%8D%E9%81%85%E4%B9%85%E5%A5%B4%E9%A0%88%E5%A5%B4%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:布波能母遅久奴須奴神">ja</a>]<a href="#cite_note-herbert-2010-300">[271]</a>: 278 </td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fukabuchi-no-Mizuyarehana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fukabuchi-no-Mizuyarehana (page does not exist)">Fukabuchi-no-Mizuyarehana</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E6%B7%B5%E4%B9%8B%E6%B0%B4%E5%A4%9C%E7%A4%BC%E8%8A%B1%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:深淵之水夜礼花神">ja</a>]<a href="#cite_note-herbert-2010-300">[271]</a>: 278 </td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:pink;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ame-no-Tsudoechine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ame-no-Tsudoechine (page does not exist)">Ame-no-Tsudoechine</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B9%8B%E9%83%BD%E5%BA%A6%E9%96%87%E7%9F%A5%E6%B3%A5%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:天之都度閇知泥神">ja</a>]<a href="#cite_note-herbert-2010-300">[271]</a>: 278 </td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightgray"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Funozuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Funozuno (page does not exist)">Funozuno</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%80%92%E8%B1%86%E6%80%92%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:布怒豆怒神">ja</a>]<a href="#cite_note-herbert-2010-300">[271]</a>: 278 </td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sashikuni_Okami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sashikuni Okami (page does not exist)">Sashikuni Okami</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%BA%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:刺国大神">ja</a>]<a href="#cite_note-herbert-2010-300">[271]</a>: 278 </td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"><a href="/wiki/Omizunu" title="Omizunu">Omizunu</a><a href="#cite_note-herbert-2010-300">[271]</a>: 278 </td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:pink;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Futemimi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Futemimi (page does not exist)">Futemimi</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E5%B8%9D%E8%80%B3%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:布帝耳神">ja</a>]<a href="#cite_note-herbert-2010-300">[271]</a>: 278 </td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:pink;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sashikuni_Wakahime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sashikuni Wakahime (page does not exist)">Sashikuni Wakahime</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%BA%E5%9B%BD%E8%8B%A5%E6%AF%94%E5%A3%B2" class="extiw" title="ja:刺国若比売">ja</a>]<a href="#cite_note-herbert-2010-300">[271]</a>: 278 </td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"><a href="/wiki/Ame-no-Fuyukinu" title="Ame-no-Fuyukinu">Ame-no-Fuyukinu</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-herbert-2010-300">[271]</a>: 278 </td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:silver;"><a href="/wiki/Takamimusubi" title="Takamimusubi">Takamimusubi</a><a href="#cite_note-ponsonbyfane-2014-314">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-eoskokugakuinacjp-2021-315">[286]</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"><a href="/wiki/Futodama" title="Futodama">Futodama</a><a href="#cite_note-ponsonbyfane-2014-314">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-eoskokugakuinacjp-2021-315">[286]</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:pink;"><a href="/wiki/Nunakawahime" title="Nunakawahime">Nunakawahime</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[287]</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"> <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ckuninushi" title="Ōkuninushi">Ōkuninushi</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-herbert-2010-300">[271]</a>: 278  (Ōnamuchi)<a href="#cite_note-318">[289]</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"><a href="/wiki/Kamotaketsunumi_no_Mikoto" title="Kamotaketsunumi no Mikoto">Kamotaketsunumi no Mikoto</a><a href="#cite_note-the-emperor-2018-319">[290]</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"> <a href="/wiki/Kotoshironushi" title="Kotoshironushi">Kotoshironushi</a><a href="#cite_note-varley-h-paul-1980-320">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-321">[292]</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:pink;"> <a href="/wiki/Tamakushi-hime" title="Tamakushi-hime">Tamakushi-hime</a><a href="#cite_note-the-emperor-2018-319">[290]</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Takeminakata</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-323">[294]</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightgreen;"> <a href="/wiki/Susa_Shrine#Susa_Clan" title="Susa Shrine">Susa Clan</a><a href="#cite_note-324">[295]</a> </td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;border-width:0px"> <a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/35px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/53px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/70px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> JAPANESE EMPERORS</td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;">711–585 BC <a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/35px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/53px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/70px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jimmu" title="Emperor Jimmu">Jimmu</a><a href="#cite_note-kazuhiko-2005-325">[296]</a> 660–585 BC(1) </td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:pink;"><a href="/wiki/Himetataraisuzu-hime" title="Himetataraisuzu-hime">Himetataraisuzu-hime</a><a href="#cite_note-kazuhiko-2005-325">[296]</a></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"><a href="/wiki/Kamo_no_Okimi" title="Kamo no Okimi">Kamo no Okimi</a><a href="#cite_note-varley-h-paul-1980-320">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-神話の中のヒメたち-もうひとつの古事記-326">[297]</a></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:pink;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirahime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirahime (page does not exist)">Mirahime</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%90%91%E8%B3%80%E7%89%9F%E5%BA%A6%E7%BE%8E%E8%89%AF%E5%A7%AB" class="extiw" title="ja:日向賀牟度美良姫">ja</a>]</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px dashed;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"> 632–549 BC <a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/35px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/53px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/70px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suizei" title="Emperor Suizei">Suizei</a><a href="#cite_note-日本人名大辞典+plus-2022-327">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-andassova-2019-328">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-tripsklarnacom-2023-329">[300]</a> 581–549 BC(2)</td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:pink;"> <a href="/wiki/Isuzuyori-hime" title="Isuzuyori-hime">Isuzuyori-hime</a><a href="#cite_note-神話の中のヒメたち-もうひとつの古事記-326">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-330">[301]</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"> <a href="/wiki/Hikoyai" title="Hikoyai">Hikoyai</a><a href="#cite_note-日本人名大辞典+plus-2022-327">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-andassova-2019-328">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-tripsklarnacom-2023-329">[300]</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightblue;"> <a href="/wiki/Kamuyaimimi" title="Kamuyaimimi">Kamuyaimimi</a><a href="#cite_note-日本人名大辞典+plus-2022-327">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-andassova-2019-328">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-tripsklarnacom-2023-329">[300]</a> d.577 BC</td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightgreen;"><a href="/wiki/Miwa_clan" title="Miwa clan">Miwa clan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kamo_clan" title="Kamo clan">Kamo clan</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:pink;"> <a href="/wiki/Nunasokonakatsu-hime" title="Nunasokonakatsu-hime">Nunasokonakatsu-hime</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-varley-h-paul-1980-320">[291]</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightgreen;"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_House_of_Japan" title="Imperial House of Japan">Imperial House of Japan</a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid;padding:0.2em;background:lightgreen;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%8C_clan" title="Ō clan">Ō clan</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-333">[304]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aso_clan" title="Aso clan">Aso clan</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[305]</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table> <div style="text-align:left; margin: 0px; padding: 2px; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%"> <ul><li>Pink is female.</li> <li>Blue is male.</li> <li>Grey means other or unknown.</li> <li>Clans, families, people groups are in green.</li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moreya" title="Moreya">Moreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishaguji" title="Mishaguji">Mishaguji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ckuninushi" title="Ōkuninushi">Ōkuninushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onbashira_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Onbashira Festival">Onbashira Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_worship" title="Snake worship">Snake worship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa_Daimy%C5%8Djin_Ekotoba" title="Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba">Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa_taisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Suwa taisha">Suwa taisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takemikazuchi" title="Takemikazuchi">Takemikazuchi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Kamiumi#Birth_of_the_gods" title="Kamiumi">Ame-no-Torifune</a> in the Kojiki, <a href="/wiki/Futsunushi" title="Futsunushi">Futsunushi</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a> and the Kuji Hongi </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> 「天照太神ミコトノリシテ経津主ノ総州香取社神武甕槌ノ常州鹿島社神二柱ノ神ヲ出雲国ニ降タテマツリテ、大己貴雲州杵築・和州三輪ノ命ニ問テノタマハク、葦原ノ中津国者我御子の知ラスヘキ国ナリ。汝マサニ此国ヲモテ天ノ神ニ奉ンヤ、大己貴ノ命申サク、我子事代主摂州長田社・神祇官第八ノ神ニ問テ返事申サント申、事代主神申サク、我父ヨロシクマサニサリ奉ルヘシ。ワレモ我タカウヘカラスト申。又申ヘキ子アリヤ、又我子建御名方諏訪社ノ神、千引ノ石ヲ手末ニサヽケテ来テ申サク、是我国ニキタリテ、シノヒテカクイフハ、シカウシテ力クラヘセント思、先ソノ御手ヲ取テ即氷ヲ成立、又剣ヲ取成、科野ノ国洲羽ノ海ニイタルトキ、当御名方ノ神申サク、ワレ此国ヲ除者他処ニ不行云々、是則当社垂迹ノ本縁也。」<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Quotation from <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a>' <a href="/wiki/Analects" title="Analects">Analects</a>: "It may be said that Taibo was supreme in virtue. Three times he renounced the sovereignty of <a href="/wiki/Tianxia" title="Tianxia">all things under Heaven</a>, but the people could not praise him." (泰伯其可謂至徳也已矣、三以天下譲、民無得而稱焉。) </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> 「一守屋山麓御垂跡事 右謹檢舊貫、當砌昔者守屋大臣之所領也、大神天降御之刻、大臣者奉禦明神之居住、勵制止之方法、明神者廻可爲御敷地之祕計、或致諍論、或及合戰之處、兩方難決雌雄、爰明神者持藤鎰、大臣者以鐵鎰、懸此所引之、明神即以藤鎰令勝得軍陣之諍論給、而間令追罰守屋大臣、卜居所當社以來、遙送數百歲星霜、久施我神之稱譽天下給、應跡之方々是新哉、明神以彼藤鎰自令植當社之前給、藤榮枝葉號藤諏訪之森、毎年二ヶ度御神事勤之、自尓以來以當郡名諏方、爰下宮者當社依夫婦之契約示姫大明神之名、然而當大明神、若不令追出守屋給者、爭兩者卜居御哉、自天降之元初爲本宮之條炳焉者哉、」 </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> 「抑コノ藤嶋ノ明神ト申ハ、尊神垂迹ノ昔、洩矢ノ惡賊神居ヲサマタケントセシ時、洩矢ハ鐵輪ヲ持シテアラソヒ、明神ハ藤枝ヲトリテ是ヲ伏シ給フ。ツイニ邪輪ヲ降シテ正法ヲ興ス。明神誓ヲ發テ、藤枝ヲナケ給シカハ、則根ヲサシテ枝葉ヲサカヘ、花蘂アサヤカニシテ、戰場ノシルシヲ萬代ニ殘ス。藤嶋ノ明神ト号スル此ユヘナリ。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Both Taokihooi and Hikosachi - identified as two distinct individuals - appear in the <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[71]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kogo_Sh%C5%ABi" title="Kogo Shūi">Kogo Shūi</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[72]</a> as ancestors of the Inbe clan (忌部氏). </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> 「祝は神明の垂迹の初。御衣を八歳の童男にぬぎきせ給ひて。大祝と称し。我において体なし。祝を以て躰とすと神勅ありけり。是則御衣祝有員神氏の始祖なり。」<a href="#cite_note-EkotobaHori-85">[79]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> 「乙頴 (諏訪大神大祝)：一名神子、又云、熊古　生而八歳、御名方富命大神化現脱着御衣於神子勅曰、吾無体以汝為体、盤余池辺大宮朝二年丁未三月搆壇于湖南山麓、祭諏訪大明神及百八十神、奉千代田刺忌串斎之」<a href="#cite_note-Asoshi-96">[89]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Literally: 'hid himself' </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> 「国造九世之孫、五百足、常時敬事于尊神、一日夢有神告、汝妻兄弟部既姙、身分娩必挙于男子、成長欲吾将有憑之、汝宜鍾愛矣夢覚而後、語之妻兄弟部、兄弟部亦同夢恠、且慎、後果而産男子因名神子、亦云熊子、神子八歳之時、尊神化現、脱着御衣於神子、吾無体以汝為体、有神勅隠御体矣、是則御衣着祝神氏有員之始祖也、用命天皇御宇二年、神子搆社壇于湖南山麓、其子神代、其子弟兄子、其子国積、其子猪麿、其子狭田野、其子高牧、亦云豊麿、其子生足、其子繁魚、其子豊足、亦云清主、其子有員、亦云武麿、」<a href="#cite_note-Miwakeizu-100">[92]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> This place name appears as one of the sixteen <a href="/wiki/Mahajanapada" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahajanapada">Mahājanapadas</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva" title="Kumārajīva">Kumārajīva</a>'s translation of the <a href="/wiki/Humane_King_Sutra" title="Humane King Sutra">Humane King Sutra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[95]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> The 'seal' referred to here is interpreted to be either the Upper Shrine's sacred seal made of deer antler<a href="#cite_note-120">[109]</a> or the Mishirushibumi itself.<a href="#cite_note-121">[110]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> 「陬波大王　限甲午隠身、陬波与甲午　印文同一物三名。」<a href="#cite_note-123">[111]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> 「一、大明神甲午仁有御誕生甲午仁隠御身給フ 一、続旦（ソクタン）大臣ト申ハ大明神ノ叔父御前自リ天竺御同道、大明神御体ヲ隠サセ給シ時御装束ヲ奉抜著（ヌキキセ）彼大臣給テ号御衣木（ミソキ）法理ト 我之躰以法理ヲ躰トセヨトハ誓給シ也」<a href="#cite_note-129">[116]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> 「一、御衣木法理殿御実名ハ者有員云〻」<a href="#cite_note-133">[119]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> 「一、陬波ト申事ナミシツカナリトヨメリ　蝦蟆カニタ神カエルノ事ナリ荒神惱ト天下時、大明神退治之御坐時四海静謐之間陬波卜云〻 口傅在之」 </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> During the Heian period, the expression 'east of the barrier' (関の東 seki-no-hi(n)gashi, whence derives the term 関東 Kantō) referred to the provinces beyond the checkpoints or barrier stations (関 seki) at the eastern fringes of <a href="/wiki/Kinai" title="Kinai">the capital region</a>, more specifically the land east of the checkpoint at Ōsaka/Ausaka Hill (逢坂 'hill of meeting', old orthography: Afusaka; not to be confused with the modern city of <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>) in modern <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctsu" title="Ōtsu">Ōtsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shiga_Prefecture" title="Shiga Prefecture">Shiga Prefecture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-162">[146]</a> By the Edo period, Kantō was reinterpreted to mean the region east of the checkpoint in <a href="/wiki/Hakone" title="Hakone">Hakone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanagawa_Prefecture" title="Kanagawa Prefecture">Kanagawa Prefecture</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> 「関より東(ひむかし)の軍神(いくさがみ)、鹿島・香取(かんどり)・諏訪の宮、また比良(ひら)の明神、安房の洲(す)滝(たい)の口や小鷹明神、熱田に八剣(やつるぎ)、伊勢には多度(たど)の宮。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> 「丁未。奉授信濃國諏方郡无位勳八等南方刀美神從五位下。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> 「己未。信濃國御名方富命神、健御名方富命前八坂刀賣命神、並加從五位上。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> 「乙丑。進信濃國建御名方富命、前八坂刀賣命等兩大神階、加從三位。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> 「廿七日甲申。 (...) 信濃國正三位勳八等建御名方冨命神從二位。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> 「十一日丁酉。(...) 授信濃國從二位勳八等建御名方富命神正二位。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> 「十一日辛亥。信濃國正二位勳八等建御名方富命神進階從一位。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> 「諏方郡二座並大 南方刀美神社二座名神大」 </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> 「奉授安房國從五位下安房大神正五位下。无位第一后神天比理刀咩命神。信濃國无位健御名方富命前八坂刀賣神。阿波國无位葦稻葉神。越後國无位伊夜比古神。常陸國无位筑波女大神竝從五位下。」 </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> Currently three days: from the 26th to the 28th of August.<a href="#cite_note-268">[242]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> During the Heian period, the expression 'east of the barrier' (関の東 seki-no-hi(n)gashi, whence derives the term 関東 Kantō) referred to the provinces beyond the checkpoints or barrier stations (関 seki) at the eastern fringes of <a href="/wiki/Kinai" title="Kinai">the capital region</a>, more specifically the land east of the checkpoint at Ōsaka/Ausaka Hill (逢坂 'hill of meeting', old orthography: Afusaka; not to be confused with the modern city of <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>) in modern <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctsu" title="Ōtsu">Ōtsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shiga_Prefecture" title="Shiga Prefecture">Shiga Prefecture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-162">[146]</a> By the Edo period, Kantō was reinterpreted to mean the region east of the checkpoint in <a href="/wiki/Hakone" title="Hakone">Hakone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanagawa_Prefecture" title="Kanagawa Prefecture">Kanagawa Prefecture</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> 「関より東(ひむかし)の軍神(いくさがみ)、鹿島・香取(かんどり)・諏訪の宮、また比良(ひら)の明神、安房の洲(す)滝(たい)の口や小鷹明神、熱田に八剣(やつるぎ)、伊勢には多度(たど)の宮。」 </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hongi2-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hongi2_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hongi2_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://miko.org/~uraki/kuon/furu/text/sendaikuji/sendaikuji04.htm">"先代舊事本紀卷第四"</a>. 私本先代舊事本紀.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%A7%81%E6%9C%AC+%E5%85%88%E4%BB%A3%E8%88%8A%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%AC%E7%B4%80&rft.atitle=%E5%85%88%E4%BB%A3%E8%88%8A%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%AC%E7%B4%80%E5%8D%B7%E7%AC%AC%E5%9B%9B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmiko.org%2F~uraki%2Fkuon%2Ffuru%2Ftext%2Fsendaikuji%2Fsendaikuji04.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hongi-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hongi_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hongi_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hongi_2-2">c</a> Sendai Kuji Hongi, Book 4 (先代舊事本紀巻第四), in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeizai_Zasshisha1898" class="citation book cs1">Keizai Zasshisha, ed. 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(Original work written 1764–1798) </li> <li id="cite_note-Chamberlain-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chamberlain_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chamberlain_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chamberlain_5-2">c</a> Chamberlain, Basil (trans.) (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/kj039.htm">Section XXXII.—Abdication of the Deity Master-of-the-Great-Land.</a> A translation of the "Ko-ji-ki" or Records of Ancient Matters. Yokohama: Lane, Crawford & Co. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Ōta (1926). p. 8. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Ōwa (1990). pp. 214–216. </li> <li id="cite_note-Yoshii-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yoshii_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yoshii_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yoshii_8-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoshii,_Iwao1994" class="citation cs2">Yoshii, Iwao (1994), "Takeminakata-no-Kami (建御名方神)", Encyclopedia Nipponica, vol. 14, Shōgakukan, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-09-526114-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-09-526114-0"><bdi>978-4-09-526114-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Takeminakata-no-Kami+%28%E5%BB%BA%E5%BE%A1%E5%90%8D%E6%96%B9%E7%A5%9E%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Nipponica&rft.pub=Sh%C5%8Dgakukan&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-4-09-526114-0&rft.au=Yoshii%2C+Iwao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatsuoka1936" class="citation book cs1">Matsuoka, Shizuo (1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QLb0QBVHZW8C">Minzokugaku yori mitaru Azuma-uta to Sakimori-uta (民族學より見たる東歌と防人歌)</a>. 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(37): 74.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Bukkyo+University+Graduate+School+Review.+Compiled+by+the+Graduate+School+of+Literature.&rft.atitle=%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E6%9C%9F%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E%E5%8F%B7%E3%81%AE%E6%88%90%E7%AB%8B%E3%81%A8%E3%81%9D%E3%81%AE%E6%84%8F%E7%BE%A9+%28The+Formation+and+Significance+of+the+Title+Daimyoujin+in+the+Heian+Period%29&rft.issue=37&rft.pages=74&rft.date=2009-03-01&rft.aulast=Nakamura&rft.aufirst=Issei&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.bukkyo-u.ac.jp%2Frepository%2Fbaker%2Frid_DB003700003047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiyaji1937" class="citation book cs1">Miyaji, Naokazu (1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UHYSgY4lTZcC">諏訪史第2巻後編 (Suwa-shi, vol. 2, part 2)</a>. 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Official website of Yamanashi Prefecture. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pref.yamanashi.jp/gakujutu/bunkazaihogo/bunkazai_data/yamanashinobunkazai_rekishishiryou002.html">the original</a> on May 6, 2018. 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Iwata Shoin. p. 116.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E%E2%80%95%E3%82%AB%E3%83%9F%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E3%81%AE%E5%8E%9F%E5%83%8F+%28Suwa+My%C5%8Djin%3A+Kami+shink%C5%8D+no+genz%C5%8D%29&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Iwata+Shoin&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Terada&rft.aufirst=Shizuko&rft.au=Washio%2C+Tetsuta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> Chamberlain (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/kj033.htm">Section XXVI.—The Deities the August Descendants of the Deity Master-of-the-Great-Land</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Chamberlain (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/kj031.htm">Section XXIV.—The Wooing of the Deity-of-Eight-Thousand-Spears.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-KujiHongi03-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KujiHongi03_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KujiHongi03_30-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://miko.org/~uraki/kuon/furu/text/sendaikuji/sendaikuji03.htm">"先代舊事本紀卷第三"</a>. 私本先代舊事本紀.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%A7%81%E6%9C%AC+%E5%85%88%E4%BB%A3%E8%88%8A%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%AC%E7%B4%80&rft.atitle=%E5%85%88%E4%BB%A3%E8%88%8A%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%AC%E7%B4%80%E5%8D%B7%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmiko.org%2F~uraki%2Fkuon%2Ffuru%2Ftext%2Fsendaikuji%2Fsendaikuji03.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Translation from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilippi2015" class="citation book cs1">Philippi, Donald L. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QzjWCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA133">Kojiki</a>. Princeton University Press. p. 133. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1400878000" title="Special:BookSources/978-1400878000"><bdi>978-1400878000</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kojiki&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1400878000&rft.aulast=Philippi&rft.aufirst=Donald+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQzjWCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA133&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> Names (transcribed in <a href="/wiki/Old_Japanese" title="Old Japanese">Old Japanese</a> in the original) have been changed into their modern equivalents. </li> <li id="cite_note-Hackin1932-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Hackin1932_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Hackin1932" class="citation book cs1">J. 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Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-135-31872-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-135-31872-7"><bdi>1-135-31872-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Catalpa+Bow%3A+A+Study+of+Shamanistic+Practices+in+Japan&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004-08-02&rft.isbn=1-135-31872-7&rft.au=Carmen+Blacker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmR6PAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Kanai (1982). pp. 278–317. </li> <li id="cite_note-railways1922-155">^ <a href="#cite_ref-railways1922_155-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-railways1922_155-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJapan._Dept._of_railways1922" class="citation book cs1">Japan. 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The Japan Times. March 3, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ice+phenomenon+warms+up+hearts+in+the+Lake+Suwa+region&rft.date=2012-03-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japantimes.co.jp%2Fnews%2F2012%2F03%2F03%2Fnational%2Fice-phenomenon-warms-up-hearts-in-the-lake-suwa-region%2F%23.WRpvc9SLRRA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miyasaka3840-157">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miyasaka3840_157-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miyasaka3840_157-1">b</a> Miyasaka (1992). pp. 38-40. </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrazil" class="citation web cs1">Brazil, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japanvisitor.com/about-japan/omi-watari">"Omi-watari"</a>. 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Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 34–35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1402029417" title="Special:BookSources/978-1402029417"><bdi>978-1402029417</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Warming+%E2%80%94+The+Research+Challenges%3A+A+Report+of+Japan%27s+Global+Warming+Initiative&rft.pages=34-35&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1402029417&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuXNHBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT34&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorre2023" class="citation web cs1">Borre, Lisa (August 30, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160426213200/http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2016/04/26/lake-suwas-shinto-legend-and-the-oldest-lake-ice-record-on-earth-what-it-tells-us-about-climate-change-and-variability/">"Lake Suwa's Shinto Legend and the Oldest Lake Ice Record on Earth: What It Tells Us About Climate Change and Variability"</a>. National Geographic. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2016/04/26/lake-suwas-shinto-legend-and-the-oldest-lake-ice-record-on-earth-what-it-tells-us-about-climate-change-and-variability/">the original</a> on April 26, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Lake+Suwa%27s+Shinto+Legend+and+the+Oldest+Lake+Ice+Record+on+Earth%3A+What+It+Tells+Us+About+Climate+Change+and+Variability&rft.date=2023-08-30&rft.aulast=Borre&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvoices.nationalgeographic.com%2F2016%2F04%2F26%2Flake-suwas-shinto-legend-and-the-oldest-lake-ice-record-on-earth-what-it-tells-us-about-climate-change-and-variability%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-162">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_162-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_162-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarshall2008" class="citation book cs1">Marshall, Yuko (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170215161620/https://books.google.com/books?id=8EdvhO4Xkn4C&pg=PA6">Heterogeneous Japan: The Cultural Distinctions Between Western and Eastern Japan</a>. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780549562146" title="Special:BookSources/9780549562146"><bdi>9780549562146</bdi></a>. 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Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 144–145a. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08066-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-08066-9"><bdi>978-0-520-08066-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Songs+to+Make+the+Dust+Dance%3A+The+Ry%C5%8Djin+Hish%C5%8D+of+Twelfth-century+Japan&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=144-145a&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-520-08066-9&rft.aulast=Kim&rft.aufirst=Yung-Hee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSFlSLX-nCeEC%26pg%3DPA144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> Ota (1926). pp. 160-164. </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> 諏訪大明神秋山祭の事 (Suwa Daimyōjin Akiyama-sai no koto), in Kishi (1967). pp. 49–56. </li> <li id="cite_note-Konishi-168"><a href="#cite_ref-Konishi_168-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKonishi2014" class="citation book cs1">Konishi, Jin'ichi (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=szAABAAAQBAJ&pg=PA526">A History of Japanese Literature, Volume 3: The High Middle Ages</a>. Princeton University Press. p. 526. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1400861828" title="Special:BookSources/978-1400861828"><bdi>978-1400861828</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japanese+Literature%2C+Volume+3%3A+The+High+Middle+Ages&rft.pages=526&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1400861828&rft.aulast=Konishi&rft.aufirst=Jin%27ichi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DszAABAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA526&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> Fukuda; Nihonmatsu; Tokuda, eds. (2015). pp. 124-127. </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> De Visser (1913). p. 202. </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> Ōbayashi (1987). p. 96. </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://j-texts.com/taihei/tk39.html">"太平記巻第三十九"</a>. J-TEXTS 日本文学電子図書館. December 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=J-TEXTS+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%9B%B3%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8&rft.atitle=%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E8%A8%98+%E5%B7%BB%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D&rft.date=2020-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fj-texts.com%2Ftaihei%2Ftk39.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAston2015" class="citation book cs1">Aston, William George (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xxxoBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA181">A History of Japanese Literature</a> (reprint ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 181. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1108081061" title="Special:BookSources/978-1108081061"><bdi>978-1108081061</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Japanese+Literature&rft.pages=181&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1108081061&rft.aulast=Aston&rft.aufirst=William+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxxxoBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> Chamberlain (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sacred-texts.com/shi/kj/kj033.htm">Section XXVI.—The Deities the August Descendants of the Deity Master-of-the-Great-Land.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suwashishi2-175">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Suwashishi2_175-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Suwashishi2_175-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Suwashishi2_175-2">c</a> Suwa Shishi Hensan Iinkai, ed. (1995). pp. 684-685, 687. </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAston,_William_George1896" class="citation cs1">Aston, William George (1896). <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Nihongi:_Chronicles_of_Japan_from_the_Earliest_Times_to_A.D._697/Book_II">"Book II" </a>. <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Nihongi:_Chronicles_of_Japan_from_the_Earliest_Times_to_A.D._697">Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697 </a>. pp. 68–70 – via <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Book+II&rft.btitle=Nihongi%3A+Chronicles+of+Japan+from+the+Earliest+Times+to+A.D.+697&rft.pages=68-70&rft.date=1896&rft.au=Aston%2C+William+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> Miyasaka (1987). p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-Norinaga3-178"><a href="#cite_ref-Norinaga3_178-0">^</a> Motoori, Norinaga (1937). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/1109355/81">古事記傳 (Kojiki-den), vol. 14</a> in Motoori Toyokai (ed.), 本居宣長全集 (Motoori Norinaga Zenshū), vol. 2. Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan. pp. 683–684. (Original work written 1764–1798) </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> Muraoka (1969). pp. 60-66. </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> Kanai (1982). pp. 8-9. </li> <li id="cite_note-Matsumae-181"><a href="#cite_ref-Matsumae_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatsumae,_Takeshi2007" class="citation book cs1">Matsumae, Takeshi (2007). Nihon shinwa no nazo ga yoku wakaru hon (日本神話の謎がよく分かる本). 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Onbashira: Saigo no Jōmon-ōkoku no nazo)</a> (Documentary) (in Japanese). Japan: NHK. 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhk.or.jp/docudocu/program/46/2586790/">the original</a> on July 8, 2019. 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Kokugakuin University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E3%83%87%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%99%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9+%28Shinto+Jinja+Database%29&rft.atitle=%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E5%88%80%E7%BE%8E%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E4%BA%8C%E5%BA%A7%EF%BC%88%E5%85%AB%E5%9D%82%E5%88%80%E5%A3%B2%E5%91%BD%E7%A5%9E%EF%BC%89&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F21coe.kokugakuin.ac.jp%2Fdb%2Fjinja%2Fkindex2.php%3FJ_ID%3D240201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> Miyasaka (1987). pp. 37-38. </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170625160608/http://japangod.dip.jp/%E5%85%AB%E5%9D%82%E5%88%80%E5%A3%B2%E7%A5%9E.html">"八坂刀売神（ヤサカトメノカミ"</a>. 日本の神様辞典 (Nihon no Kamisama Jiten). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://japangod.dip.jp/%E5%85%AB%E5%9D%82%E5%88%80%E5%A3%B2%E7%A5%9E.html">the original</a> on June 25, 2017. Retrieved May 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E7%A5%9E%E6%A7%98%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8+%28Nihon+no+Kamisama+Jiten%29&rft.atitle=%E5%85%AB%E5%9D%82%E5%88%80%E5%A3%B2%E7%A5%9E%EF%BC%88%E3%83%A4%E3%82%B5%E3%82%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%A1%E3%83%8E%E3%82%AB%E3%83%9F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjapangod.dip.jp%2F%25E5%2585%25AB%25E5%259D%2582%25E5%2588%2580%25E5%25A3%25B2%25E7%25A5%259E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miyasaka39-224">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Miyasaka39_224-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Miyasaka39_224-1">b</a> Miyasaka (1987). p. 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPonsonby-Fane2014" class="citation book cs1">Ponsonby-Fane, R. A. B. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UVO4AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT148">Studies in Shinto & Shrines</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1136893018" title="Special:BookSources/978-1136893018"><bdi>978-1136893018</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+Shinto+%26+Shrines&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1136893018&rft.aulast=Ponsonby-Fane&rft.aufirst=R.+A.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUVO4AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://miko.org/~uraki/kuon/furu/text/sendaikuji/sendaikuji03.htm">"先代舊事本紀卷第三天神本紀"</a>. 私本先代舊事本紀.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%A7%81%E6%9C%AC+%E5%85%88%E4%BB%A3%E8%88%8A%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%AC%E7%B4%80&rft.atitle=%E5%85%88%E4%BB%A3%E8%88%8A%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%AC%E7%B4%80%E5%8D%B7%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89+%E5%A4%A9%E7%A5%9E%E6%9C%AC%E7%B4%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmiko.org%2F~uraki%2Fkuon%2Ffuru%2Ftext%2Fsendaikuji%2Fsendaikuji03.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SuwaEngi-227">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SuwaEngi_227-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SuwaEngi_227-1">b</a> 諏訪縁起の事 (Suwa engi-no-koto) in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKishi,_Shōzō_(trans.)1967" class="citation book cs1">Kishi, Shōzō (trans.) 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Heibonsha. pp. 238–286. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-582-80094-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-582-80094-4"><bdi>978-4-582-80094-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shint%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB+%28%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93%E9%9B%86%29&rft.series=T%C5%8Dy%C5%8D+Bunko+%28%E6%9D%B1%E6%B4%8B%E6%96%87%E5%BA%AB%29+vol.+94&rft.pages=238-286&rft.pub=Heibonsha&rft.date=1967&rft.isbn=978-4-582-80094-4&rft.au=Kishi%2C+Sh%C5%8Dz%C5%8D+%28trans.%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kanai17-228"><a href="#cite_ref-Kanai17_228-0">^</a> Kanai (1982). p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-Ota4445-229"><a href="#cite_ref-Ota4445_229-0">^</a> Ōta (1926). pp. 44–45. </li> <li id="cite_note-Picken-230"><a href="#cite_ref-Picken_230-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPicken2010" class="citation book cs1">Picken, Stuart D.B. 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Scarecrow Press. p. 288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7172-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7172-4"><bdi>978-0-8108-7172-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Shinto&rft.pages=288&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2010-12-28&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7172-4&rft.aulast=Picken&rft.aufirst=Stuart+D.B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxlG3F6gSm9UC%26pg%3DPA288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Inoue352-231">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Inoue352_231-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Inoue352_231-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Inoue352_231-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Inoue352_231-3">d</a> Inoue (2003). p. 352. </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRekishi_REAL_Henshūbu_(歴史REAL編集部)_(ed.)2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rekishi REAL Henshūbu (歴史REAL編集部) (ed.) (2016). Jinja to kodai gōzoku no nazo (神社と古代豪族の謎) (in Japanese). Yosensha. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4800308924" title="Special:BookSources/978-4800308924"><bdi>978-4800308924</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jinja+to+kodai+g%C5%8Dzoku+no+nazo+%28%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E3%81%A8%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E8%B1%AA%E6%97%8F%E3%81%AE%E8%AC%8E%29&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Yosensha&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-4800308924&rft.au=Rekishi+REAL+Hensh%C5%ABbu+%28%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2REAL%E7%B7%A8%E9%9B%86%E9%83%A8%29+%28ed.%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> Kanai (1982). pp. 14, 106-109. </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> Suwa Shishi Hensan Iinkai, ed. 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Tokyo: Isobe Kōyōdō. p. 164.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%8C%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%8F%A2%E6%9B%B8+%E4%BF%A1%E6%BF%83+%28Nihon+kokushi+shiry%C5%8D+s%C5%8Dsho%3A+Shinano%29&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Isobe+K%C5%8Dy%C5%8Dd%C5%8D&rft.date=1924&rft.au=%C5%8Cta%2C+Akira&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdl.ndl.go.jp%2Finfo%3Andljp%2Fpid%2F982145%2F84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> Suwa Shishi Hensan Iinkai, ed. (1995). p. 730. </li> <li id="cite_note-Sasamoto-237"><a href="#cite_ref-Sasamoto_237-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSasamoto2003" class="citation book cs1">Sasamoto, Shōji (2003). 山をめぐる信州史の研究 (Yama wo meguru Shinshū-shi no kenkyū). Kōshi-shoin. p. 72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-906641-66-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-906641-66-6"><bdi>978-4-906641-66-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%B1%B1%E3%82%92%E3%82%81%E3%81%90%E3%82%8B%E4%BF%A1%E5%B7%9E%E5%8F%B2%E3%81%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6+%28Yama+wo+meguru+Shinsh%C5%AB-shi+no+kenky%C5%AB%29&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=K%C5%8Dshi-shoin&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-4-906641-66-6&rft.aulast=Sasamoto&rft.aufirst=Sh%C5%8Dji&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suwa-tourism.jp/archives/000733.php">"茅野市神長官守矢史料館 (Chino-shi Jinchōkan Moriya Shiryōkan)"</a>. 信州諏訪観光ナビ.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%BF%A1%E5%B7%9E%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E8%A6%B3%E5%85%89%E3%83%8A%E3%83%93&rft.atitle=%E8%8C%85%E9%87%8E%E5%B8%82%E7%A5%9E%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%98%E5%AE%88%E7%9F%A2%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%99%E9%A4%A8+%28Chino-shi+Jinch%C5%8Dkan+Moriya+Shiry%C5%8Dkan%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.suwa-tourism.jp%2Farchives%2F000733.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŌta1924" class="citation book cs1">Ōta (1924). 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Cosimo. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781605204093" title="Special:BookSources/9781605204093"><bdi>9781605204093</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dragon+in+China+and+Japan&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Cosimo&rft.date=1913&rft.isbn=9781605204093&rft.aulast=De+Visser&rft.aufirst=Marinus+Willem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMpg6Xd2jW2YC%26pg%3DPA153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoshii1999" class="citation book cs1">Yoshii, Yoshitaka, ed. 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(1986). p. 72. </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> Tanigawa (1987). pp. 154-155. </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.livedoor.jp/liablog/archives/1790677.html">"Suwa taisha skewering live frogs (生きたカエルを串刺しにする諏訪大社)"</a>. NGO Life Investigation Agency (LIA). December 30, 2013. Retrieved January 5, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NGO+Life+Investigation+Agency+%28LIA%29&rft.atitle=Suwa+taisha+skewering+live+frogs+%28%E7%94%9F%E3%81%8D%E3%81%9F%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%82%92%E4%B8%B2%E5%88%BA%E3%81%97%E3%81%AB%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BE%29&rft.date=2013-12-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.livedoor.jp%2Fliablog%2Farchives%2F1790677.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://japantoday.com/category/features/kuchikomi/rabid-animal-rights-activists-go-head-to-head-with-tradition">"Rabid animal rights activists go head-to-head with tradition"</a>. Japan Today. September 30, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japan+Today&rft.atitle=Rabid+animal+rights+activists+go+head-to-head+with+tradition&rft.date=2015-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjapantoday.com%2Fcategory%2Ffeatures%2Fkuchikomi%2Frabid-animal-rights-activists-go-head-to-head-with-tradition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> Miyasaka (1992). pp. 69-72. </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> Yazaki, ed. (1986). pp. 74-75. </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> Oh (2011). pp. 173-175. </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> Tanigawa (1987). pp. 155-156. </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> Fujimori, Terunobu (1991). Maemiya Jikkenrō de no saishi (前宮十間廊での祭祀). In Jinchōkan Moriya Historical Museum, ed. pp. 15–17. </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> Tanigawa (1987). p. 157. </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> Tanigawa (1987). pp. 159-160. </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> Yazaki, ed. (1986). pp. 76-77. </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> Miyasaka (1992). pp. 115-118. </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> Tanigawa (1987). pp. 158-159. </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> Miyasaka (1992). pp. 119-124. </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> Tanigawa (1987). p. 138. </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> Oh (2011). pp. 173. </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> Kanai (1982). p. 21-23. </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> Kanai (1982). p. 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> Miyasaka (1987). pp. 56-57. </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> See Kanai (1982). pp. 318-319 for attested variants. </li> <li id="cite_note-EOSsuwashinko-281"><a href="#cite_ref-EOSsuwashinko_281-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNogami" class="citation web cs1">Nogami, Takahiro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180429025336/http://k-amc.kokugakuin.ac.jp/DM/dbSearchList.do?class_name=col_eos&search_condition_type=1&db_search_condition_type=4&View=2&startNo=1&focus_type=0&searchFreeword=Suwa%20Shink%C5%8D&searchRangeType=0">"Suwa Shinkō"</a>. 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Retrieved May 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+of+Shinto&rft.atitle=Suwa+Shink%C5%8D&rft.aulast=Nogami&rft.aufirst=Takahiro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fk-amc.kokugakuin.ac.jp%2FDM%2FdbSearchList.do%3Fclass_name%3Dcol_eos%26search_condition_type%3D1%26db_search_condition_type%3D4%26View%3D2%26startNo%3D1%26focus_type%3D0%26searchFreeword%3DSuwa%2520Shink%25C5%258D%26searchRangeType%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miyasaka5556-282"><a href="#cite_ref-Miyasaka5556_282-0">^</a> Miyasaka (1987). pp. 55-56. </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUehara2015" class="citation web cs1">Uehara, Yoshiko (April 3, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nippon.com/en/views/b01712/">"Revival of Japan's Wild Game Cuisine"</a>. nippon.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nippon.com&rft.atitle=Revival+of+Japan%27s+Wild+Game+Cuisine&rft.date=2015-04-03&rft.aulast=Uehara&rft.aufirst=Yoshiko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nippon.com%2Fen%2Fviews%2Fb01712%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kajikimen-284">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kajikimen_284-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kajikimen_284-1">b</a> Kajikimen (鹿食免). In Jinchōkan Moriya Historical Museum, ed. (1991). pp. 27–28. </li> <li id="cite_note-Yazaki25-287">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yazaki25_287-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yazaki25_287-1">b</a> Yazaki (1986). p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> Muraoka (1969). p. 112. </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatō2015" class="citation book cs1">Katō, Aki (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dQXIBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA59">写真と絵でわかる古事記・日本書紀 (Shashin to e de wakaru Kojiki - Nihon Shoki)</a>. Seitōsha. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4791620661" title="Special:BookSources/978-4791620661"><bdi>978-4791620661</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F%E3%81%A8%E7%B5%B5%E3%81%A7%E3%82%8F%E3%81%8B%E3%82%8B+%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%8B%E8%A8%98%E3%83%BB%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%9B%B8%E7%B4%80+%28Shashin+to+e+de+wakaru+Kojiki+-+Nihon+Shoki%29&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=Seit%C5%8Dsha&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-4791620661&rft.aulast=Kat%C5%8D&rft.aufirst=Aki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdQXIBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA59&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.d03.itscom.net/p-l514/syukyou.html">"信玄の信仰 (Shingen no shinkō)"</a>. 武田信玄の館 (Takeda Shingen no yakata).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%AD%A6%E7%94%B0%E4%BF%A1%E7%8E%84%E3%81%AE%E9%A4%A8+%28Takeda+Shingen+no+yakata%29&rft.atitle=%E4%BF%A1%E7%8E%84%E3%81%AE%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0+%28Shingen+no+shink%C5%8D%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.d03.itscom.net%2Fp-l514%2Fsyukyou.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrandonLeiter2002" class="citation book cs1">Brandon, James R.; Leiter, Samuel L. (eds.) (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VfB18HqorrwC&pg=PA328">Kabuki Plays on Stage: Brilliance and Bravado, 1697–1766, Volume 1</a>. University of Hawaii Press. p. 328. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2403-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2403-7"><bdi>978-0-8248-2403-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kabuki+Plays+on+Stage%3A+Brilliance+and+Bravado%2C+1697%E2%80%931766%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=328&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-2403-7&rft.aulast=Brandon&rft.aufirst=James+R.&rft.au=Leiter%2C+Samuel+L.+%28eds.%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVfB18HqorrwC%26pg%3DPA328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|first2=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGesselRimer2010" class="citation book cs1">Gessel, Van C.; Rimer, J. Thomas (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8p6oUV9ln6cC&pg=PA138">The Columbia Anthology of Modern Japanese Literature: From Restoration to Occupation, 1868–1945</a>. Columbia University Press. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-52164-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-52164-2"><bdi>978-0-231-52164-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Columbia+Anthology+of+Modern+Japanese+Literature%3A+From+Restoration+to+Occupation%2C+1868%E2%80%931945&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-231-52164-2&rft.aulast=Gessel&rft.aufirst=Van+C.&rft.au=Rimer%2C+J.+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8p6oUV9ln6cC%26pg%3DPA138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> Tanigawa (1987). p. 137. </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> Yazaki (1986). p. 26. </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaoru2005" class="citation web cs1">Kaoru, Nakayama (May 7, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eos.kokugakuin.ac.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=132">"Ōyamatsumi"</a>. 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Paul Varley">Varley, H. Paul.</a> (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tVv6OAAACAAJ">Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns</a>. 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Japan Review (32): 5–16. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0915-0986">0915-0986</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26652947">26652947</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japan+Review&rft.atitle=Emperor+Jinmu+in+the+Kojiki&rft.issue=32&rft.pages=5-16&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26652947%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0915-0986&rft.aulast=ANDASSOVA&rft.aufirst=Maral&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26652947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tripsklarnacom-2023-329">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tripsklarnacom-2023_329-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tripsklarnacom-2023_329-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tripsklarnacom-2023_329-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trips.klarna.com:443/en/adp/japan/takamori-machi/kusakabeyoshimi-shrine-a4534630399/">"Visit Kusakabeyoshimi Shrine on your trip to Takamori-machi or Japan"</a>. trips.klarna.com. 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Miyai Shoten. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4838232888" title="Special:BookSources/978-4838232888"><bdi>978-4838232888</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E2%80%95%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1%E3%83%BB%E4%BC%9D%E6%89%BF%E3%83%BB%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2+%28Suwa+shink%C5%8D+no+ch%C5%ABsei%3A+shinwa%2C+densh%C5%8D%2C+rekishi%29&rft.pub=Miyai+Shoten&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-4838232888&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> (in Japanese)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrumbach2005" class="citation thesis cs1">Grumbach, Lisa (2005). Sacrifice and Salvation in Medieval Japan: Hunting and Meat in Religious Practice at Suwa Jinja (PhD). Stanford University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Sacrifice+and+Salvation+in+Medieval+Japan%3A+Hunting+and+Meat+in+Religious+Practice+at+Suwa+Jinja&rft.inst=Stanford+University&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Grumbach&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Hackin1932" class="citation book cs1">J. Hackin (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HAZrFhvqnTkC&pg=PA395">Asiatic Mythology: A Detailed Description and Explanation of the Mythologies of All the Great Nations of Asia</a>. Asian Educational Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-206-0920-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-206-0920-4"><bdi>978-81-206-0920-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asiatic+Mythology%3A+A+Detailed+Description+and+Explanation+of+the+Mythologies+of+All+the+Great+Nations+of+Asia&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=1932&rft.isbn=978-81-206-0920-4&rft.au=J.+Hackin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHAZrFhvqnTkC%26pg%3DPA395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHara2012" class="citation book cs1">Hara, Naomasa (2012). 龍蛇神: 諏訪大明神の中世的展開 (Ryūjashin: Suwa Daimyōjin no chūseiteki tenkai). Ningensha. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4931388710" title="Special:BookSources/978-4931388710"><bdi>978-4931388710</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E9%BE%8D%E8%9B%87%E7%A5%9E%3A+%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%9A%84%E5%B1%95%E9%96%8B+%28Ry%C5%ABjashin%3A+Suwa+Daimy%C5%8Djin+no+ch%C5%ABseiteki+tenkai%29&rft.pub=Ningensha&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-4931388710&rft.aulast=Hara&rft.aufirst=Naomasa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> (in Japanese)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbert2010" class="citation book cs1">Herbert, Jean (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sg_JBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT437">Shinto: At the Fountainhead of Japan</a>. 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Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History. 139: 157–185.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+National+Museum+of+Japanese+History&rft.atitle=%E9%8E%8C%E5%80%89%E6%9C%9F%E3%81%AE%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%99%E3%81%AB%E3%81%BF%E3%82%8B%E7%A5%9E%E9%81%93%E3%81%A8%E4%BB%8F%E9%81%93+%3A+%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E5%BE%A1%E8%A8%98%E6%96%87%E3%81%AE%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E7%89%B9%E8%B3%AA%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6+%28Shinto+and+Buddhism+as+Depicted+in+Historical+Materials+Related+to+Suwa+Shrines+of+the+Kamakura+Period+%3A+Temporal+Characteristics+of+Medieval+Imperial+Writings%29&rft.volume=139&rft.pages=157-185&rft.date=2008-03-31&rft.aulast=Ihara&rft.aufirst=Kesao&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frekihaku.repo.nii.ac.jp%2F%3Faction%3Dpages_view_main%26active_action%3Drepository_view_main_item_detail%26item_id%3D1538%26item_no%3D1%26page_id%3D13%26block_id%3D41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> (in Japanese)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImai1960" class="citation book cs1">Imai, Nogiku (1960). 諏訪ものがたり (Suwa monogatari). Kōyō Shobo.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E3%82%82%E3%81%AE%E3%81%8C%E3%81%9F%E3%82%8A+%28Suwa+monogatari%29&rft.pub=K%C5%8Dy%C5%8D+Shobo&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Imai&rft.aufirst=Nogiku&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> (in Japanese)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImai1976" class="citation book cs1">Imai, Nogiku (1976). 神々の里古代諏訪物語 (Kamigami no sato. Kodai Suwa monogatari). Kokusho Kankōkai.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E7%A5%9E%E3%80%85%E3%81%AE%E9%87%8C+%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E7%89%A9%E8%AA%9E+%28Kamigami+no+sato.+Kodai+Suwa+monogatari%29&rft.pub=Kokusho+Kank%C5%8Dkai&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Imai&rft.aufirst=Nogiku&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> (in Japanese)</li> <li>Inoue, Takami (2003). "The Interaction between Buddhist and Shinto Traditions at Suwa Shrine." In <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRambellliTeuuwen2003" class="citation book cs1">Rambellli, Fabio; Teuuwen, Mark, eds. (August 29, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dw9_ov-GxtQC">Buddhas and Kami in Japan: Honji Suijaku as a Combinatory Paradigm</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1134431236" title="Special:BookSources/978-1134431236"><bdi>978-1134431236</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhas+and+Kami+in+Japan%3A+Honji+Suijaku+as+a+Combinatory+Paradigm&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003-08-29&rft.isbn=978-1134431236&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddw9_ov-GxtQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKanai1982" class="citation book cs1">Kanai, Tenbi (1982). 諏訪信仰史 (Suwa shinkōshi). 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Ningensha. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4908627163" title="Special:BookSources/978-4908627163"><bdi>978-4908627163</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E3%81%A8%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B8%E7%A5%AD%E6%94%BF%E4%BD%93%E3%81%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6+%28Kodai+Suwa+to+Mishaguji-saiseitai+no+kenky%C5%AB%29&rft.series=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9D%E8%80%83+%28Nihon+gensho-k%C5%8D%29&rft.pub=Ningensha&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-4908627163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> (in Japanese)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKodai_Buzoku_Kenkyūkai2017b" class="citation book cs1">Kodai Buzoku Kenkyūkai, ed. 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(2018). 諏訪信仰の発生と展開 (Suwa shinkō no hassei to tenkai). 日本原初考 (Nihon gensho-kō). Vol. 3. Ningensha. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4908627170" title="Special:BookSources/978-4908627170"><bdi>978-4908627170</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BA%E7%94%9F%E3%81%A8%E5%B1%95%E9%96%8B+%28Suwa+shink%C5%8D+no+hassei+to+tenkai%29&rft.series=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9D%E8%80%83+%28Nihon+gensho-k%C5%8D%29&rft.pub=Ningensha&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-4908627170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> (in Japanese)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaeda2020" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Maeda, Ryōtarō (October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://k-rain.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/599/files/kokugakuinzasshi_121_10_003.pdf">"The Reception of the Sendaikujihongi and the Transformation of Myth: Regarding the Use of Descriptions of Shinto Shrines (『先代旧事本紀』の受容と神話の変奏 : 神社関連記事の利用をめぐって)"</a> (PDF). Kokugakuin Zasshi (The Journal of Kokugakuin University) (in Japanese). 121 (10): 43–57.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kokugakuin+Zasshi+%28The+Journal+of+Kokugakuin+University%29&rft.atitle=The+Reception+of+the+Sendaikujihongi+and+the+Transformation+of+Myth%3A+Regarding+the+Use+of+Descriptions+of+Shinto+Shrines+%28%E3%80%8E%E5%85%88%E4%BB%A3%E6%97%A7%E4%BA%8B%E6%9C%AC%E7%B4%80%E3%80%8F%E3%81%AE%E5%8F%97%E5%AE%B9%E3%81%A8%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1%E3%81%AE%E5%A4%89%E5%A5%8F+%3A+%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E9%96%A2%E9%80%A3%E8%A8%98%E4%BA%8B%E3%81%AE%E5%88%A9%E7%94%A8%E3%82%92%E3%82%81%E3%81%90%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6%29&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=43-57&rft.date=2020-10&rft.aulast=Maeda&rft.aufirst=Ry%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fk-rain.repo.nii.ac.jp%2Frecord%2F599%2Ffiles%2Fkokugakuinzasshi_121_10_003.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaeda2023" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Maeda, Ryōtarō (March 20, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2115/91668">"『諏方大明神画詞』の受容史：国譲り神話の扱いを中心に ("Suwa Daimyojin Ekotoba" no juyōshi: kuni-yuzuri shinwa no atsukai o chūshin ni)"</a>. 国語国文研究 (Kokugo Kokubun Kenkyū) (in Japanese). 160. Hokkaido University: 16-30. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2115%2F91668">2115/91668</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E5%9B%BD%E8%AA%9E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6+%28Kokugo+Kokubun+Kenky%C5%AB%29&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8E%E8%AB%8F%E6%96%B9%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E%E7%94%BB%E8%A9%9E%E3%80%8F%E3%81%AE%E5%8F%97%E5%AE%B9%E5%8F%B2%EF%BC%9A%E5%9B%BD%E8%AD%B2%E3%82%8A%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1%E3%81%AE%E6%89%B1%E3%81%84%E3%82%92%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E3%81%AB+%28%22Suwa+Daimyojin+Ekotoba%22+no+juy%C5%8Dshi%3A+kuni-yuzuri+shinwa+no+atsukai+o+ch%C5%ABshin+ni%29&rft.volume=160&rft.pages=16-30&rft.date=2023-03-20&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2115%2F91668&rft.aulast=Maeda&rft.aufirst=Ry%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2115%2F91668&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiyasaka1992" class="citation book cs1">Miyasaka, Mitsuaki (1992). 諏訪大社の御柱と年中行事 (Suwa taisha no onbashira to nenchu-gyōji). Kyōdo shuppansha. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-87663-178-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-87663-178-0"><bdi>978-4-87663-178-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BE%E3%81%AE%E5%BE%A1%E6%9F%B1%E3%81%A8%E5%B9%B4%E4%B8%AD%E8%A1%8C%E4%BA%8B+%28Suwa+taisha+no+onbashira+to+nenchu-gy%C5%8Dji%29&rft.pub=Ky%C5%8Ddo+shuppansha&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-4-87663-178-0&rft.aulast=Miyasaka&rft.aufirst=Mitsuaki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> (in Japanese)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiyaji1931" class="citation book cs1">Miyaji, Naokazu (1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4hBVjsO2GOgC">諏訪史第二卷前編 (Suwa-shi, vol. 2, part 1)</a>. Shinano kyōikukai Suwa-bukai.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%8F%B2+%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%B7+%E5%89%8D%E7%B7%A8+%28Suwa-shi%2C+vol.+2%2C+part+1%29&rft.pub=Shinano+ky%C5%8Dikukai+Suwa-bukai&rft.date=1931&rft.aulast=Miyaji&rft.aufirst=Naokazu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4hBVjsO2GOgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> (in Japanese)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiyaji1931b" class="citation book cs1">Miyaji, Naokazu (1931b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UHYSgY4lTZcC">諏訪史第二卷後編 (Suwa-shi, vol. 2, part 2)</a>. Shinano kyōikukai Suwa-bukai.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%8F%B2+%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%B7+%E5%BE%8C%E7%B7%A8+%28Suwa-shi%2C+vol.+2%2C+part+2%29&rft.pub=Shinano+ky%C5%8Dikukai+Suwa-bukai&rft.date=1931&rft.aulast=Miyaji&rft.aufirst=Naokazu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUHYSgY4lTZcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> (in Japanese)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuraoka1969" class="citation book cs1">Muraoka, Geppo (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ToY5AAAAMAAJ">諏訪の祭神 (Suwa no saijin)</a>. Tokyo: Yūzankaku-shuppan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E3%81%AE%E7%A5%AD%E7%A5%9E+%28Suwa+no+saijin%29&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Y%C5%ABzankaku-shuppan&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Muraoka&rft.aufirst=Geppo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DToY5AAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> (in Japanese)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOh,_Amana_ChungHae2011" class="citation book cs1">Oh, Amana ChungHae (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hxulspIN_2UC">Cosmogonical Worldview of Jomon Pottery</a>. Sankeisha. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-88361-924-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-88361-924-5"><bdi>978-4-88361-924-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cosmogonical+Worldview+of+Jomon+Pottery&rft.pub=Sankeisha&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-4-88361-924-5&rft.au=Oh%2C+Amana+ChungHae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhxulspIN_2UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŌta,_Akira1926" class="citation book cs1">Ōta, Akira (1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/983470">諏訪神社誌第1巻 (Suwa jinja-shi: Volume 01)</a>. Nagano: Kanpei-taisha Suwa-jinja fuzoku Suwa-myōjin-kōsha.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E8%AA%8C+%E7%AC%AC1%E5%B7%BB+%28Suwa+jinja-shi%3A+Volume+01%29&rft.place=Nagano&rft.pub=Kanpei-taisha+Suwa-jinja+fuzoku+Suwa-my%C5%8Djin-k%C5%8Dsha&rft.date=1926&rft.au=%C5%8Cta%2C+Akira&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdl.ndl.go.jp%2Finfo%3Andljp%2Fpid%2F983470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> (in Japanese)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŌwa1990" class="citation book cs1">Ōwa, Iwao (1990). 信濃古代史考 (Shinano kodaishi-kō). Tokyo: Meicho Shuppan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4626013637" title="Special:BookSources/978-4626013637"><bdi>978-4626013637</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E4%BF%A1%E6%BF%83%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2%E8%80%83+%28Shinano+kodaishi-k%C5%8D%29&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Meicho+Shuppan&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-4626013637&rft.aulast=%C5%8Cwa&rft.aufirst=Iwao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> (in Japanese)</li> <li>Suwa, Enchū. Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba, in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanawa1925" class="citation book cs1">Hanawa, Hokiichi, ed. (1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/936498/63">続群書類従第3輯ノ下神祇部 (Zoku Gunsho Ruijū, vol. 03, part 02)</a>. Tokyo: Zoku Gunsho Ruijū Kanseikai. pp. 494–539.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E7%B6%9A%E7%BE%A4%E6%9B%B8%E9%A1%9E%E5%BE%93+%E7%AC%AC3%E8%BC%AF%E3%83%8E%E4%B8%8B+%E7%A5%9E%E7%A5%87%E9%83%A8+%28Zoku+Gunsho+Ruij%C5%AB%2C+vol.+03%2C+part+02%29&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pages=494-539&rft.pub=Zoku+Gunsho+Ruij%C5%AB+Kanseikai&rft.date=1925&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdl.ndl.go.jp%2Finfo%3Andljp%2Fpid%2F936498%2F63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> (in Japanese)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuwa_Kyōikukai1938" class="citation book cs1">Suwa Kyōikukai, ed. (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=u2Mf7Ef60FkC">諏訪史年表 (Suwa shinenpyō)</a>. Nagano: Suwa Kyōikukai.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8+%28Suwa+shinenpy%C5%8D%29&rft.place=Nagano&rft.pub=Suwa+Ky%C5%8Dikukai&rft.date=1938&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Du2Mf7Ef60FkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuwa_Shishi_Hensan_Iinkai1995" class="citation book cs1">Suwa Shishi Hensan Iinkai, ed. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/9572217">諏訪市史上巻原始・古代・中世 (Suwa Shishi, vol. 1: Genshi, Kodai, Chūsei)</a>. Suwa.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%B8%82%E5%8F%B2+%E4%B8%8A%E5%B7%BB+%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E3%83%BB%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E3%83%BB%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96+%28Suwa+Shishi%2C+vol.+1%3A+Genshi%2C+Kodai%2C+Ch%C5%ABsei%29&rft.place=Suwa&rft.date=1995&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdl.ndl.go.jp%2Finfo%3Andljp%2Fpid%2F9572217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) (in Japanese)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanigawa1987" class="citation book cs1">Tanigawa, Kenichi, ed. (1987). 日本の神々―神社と聖地〈9〉美濃・飛騨・信濃 (Nihon no kamigami: Jinja to seichi, vol. 9: Mino, Hida, Shinano). Hakusuisha. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-560-02509-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-560-02509-3"><bdi>978-4-560-02509-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E7%A5%9E%E3%80%85%E2%80%95%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E3%81%A8%E8%81%96%E5%9C%B0%E3%80%889%E3%80%89%E7%BE%8E%E6%BF%83%E3%83%BB%E9%A3%9B%E9%A8%A8%E3%83%BB%E4%BF%A1%E6%BF%83+%28Nihon+no+kamigami%3A+Jinja+to+seichi%2C+vol.+9%3A+Mino%2C+Hida%2C+Shinano%29&rft.pub=Hakusuisha&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-4-560-02509-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> (in Japanese)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeradaWashio2010" class="citation book cs1">Terada, Shizuko; Washio, Tetsuta (2010). 諏訪明神―カミ信仰の原像 (Suwa Myōjin: Kami shinkō no genzō). Iwata Shoin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-8729-4608-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-8729-4608-6"><bdi>978-4-8729-4608-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E6%98%8E%E7%A5%9E%E2%80%95%E3%82%AB%E3%83%9F%E4%BF%A1%E4%BB%B0%E3%81%AE%E5%8E%9F%E5%83%8F+%28Suwa+My%C5%8Djin%3A+Kami+shink%C5%8D+no+genz%C5%8D%29&rft.pub=Iwata+Shoin&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-4-8729-4608-6&rft.aulast=Terada&rft.aufirst=Shizuko&rft.au=Washio%2C+Tetsuta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> (in Japanese)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUeda,_MasaakiGorai,_ShigeruMiyasaka,_YūshōŌbayashi,_Taryō1987" class="citation book cs1">Ueda, Masaaki; Gorai, Shigeru; Miyasaka, Yūshō; Ōbayashi, Taryō; Miyasaka, Mitsuaki (1987). 御柱祭と諏訪大社 (Onbashira-sai to Suwa Taisha). Nagano: Chikuma Shobō. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-4-480-84181-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-4-480-84181-0"><bdi>978-4-480-84181-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E5%BE%A1%E6%9F%B1%E7%A5%AD%E3%81%A8%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BE+%28Onbashira-sai+to+Suwa+Taisha%29&rft.place=Nagano&rft.pub=Chikuma+Shob%C5%8D&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-4-480-84181-0&rft.au=Ueda%2C+Masaaki&rft.au=Gorai%2C+Shigeru&rft.au=Miyasaka%2C+Y%C5%ABsh%C5%8D&rft.au=%C5%8Cbayashi%2C+Tary%C5%8D&rft.au=Miyasaka%2C+Mitsuaki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> (in Japanese)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYazaki1986" class="citation book cs1">Yazaki, Takenori, ed. (1986). 諏訪大社 (Suwa Taisha). Ginga gurafikku sensho. Vol. 4. Ginga shobō.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%A4%A7%E7%A4%BE+%28Suwa+Taisha%29&rft.series=Ginga+gurafikku+sensho&rft.pub=Ginga+shob%C5%8D&rft.date=1986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATakeminakata" class="Z3988"> (in Japanese)</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://suwataisha.or.jp/index.html">Official website of Suwa Grand Shrine</a> (in Japanese)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://moriyajinja.amebaownd.com/">Official website of Moriya Shrine (洩矢神社公式HP)</a> (in Japanese)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city.chino.lg.jp/www/contents/1000001465000/">Jinchōkan Moriya Historical Museum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180304055203/http://www.city.chino.lg.jp/www/contents/1000001465000/">Archived</a> March 4, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on <a href="/wiki/Chino,_Nagano" title="Chino, Nagano">Chino City</a>'s official website (in Japanese)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japanese_mythology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_mythology_(long)" title="Template:Japanese mythology (long)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_mythology_(long)" title="Template talk:Japanese mythology (long)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_mythology_(long)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese mythology (long)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japanese_mythology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_mythology" title="Japanese mythology">Japanese mythology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythic texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fudoki" title="Fudoki">Fudoki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kujiki" title="Kujiki">Kujiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kogo_Sh%C5%ABi" title="Kogo Shūi">Kogo Shūi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotsuma_Tsutae" title="Hotsuma Tsutae">Hotsuma Tsutae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Ry%C5%8Diki" title="Nihon Ryōiki">Nihon Ryōiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konjaku_Monogatarish%C5%AB" title="Konjaku Monogatarishū">Konjaku Monogatarishū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shint%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB" title="Shintōshū">Shintōshū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butsuz%C5%8Dzui" title="Butsuzōzui">Butsuzōzui</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Amaterasu_cave_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sun goddess Amaterasu emerging out of a cave"><img alt="Sun goddess Amaterasu emerging out of a cave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Amaterasu_cave_crop.jpg/80px-Amaterasu_cave_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Amaterasu_cave_crop.jpg/120px-Amaterasu_cave_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Amaterasu_cave_crop.jpg/160px-Amaterasu_cave_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="1688" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Kuniteru_Gozu_dragon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Susanoo slaying Yamata-no-Orochi"><img alt="Susanoo slaying Yamata-no-Orochi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Kuniteru_Gozu_dragon.jpg/80px-Kuniteru_Gozu_dragon.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Kuniteru_Gozu_dragon.jpg/120px-Kuniteru_Gozu_dragon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Kuniteru_Gozu_dragon.jpg/160px-Kuniteru_Gozu_dragon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="1303" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_creation_myth" title="Japanese creation myth">Japanese creation myth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kotoamatsukami" title="Kotoamatsukami">Kotoamatsukami</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hitorigami" title="Hitorigami">Hitorigami</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ame-no-Minakanushi" title="Ame-no-Minakanushi">Ame-no-Minakanushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_the_Gods" title="Age of the Gods">Kamiyo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kamiyonanayo" title="Kamiyonanayo">Kamiyonanayo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuniumi" title="Kuniumi">Kuniumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamiumi" title="Kamiumi">Kamiumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izanami" title="Izanami">Izanami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izanagi" title="Izanagi">Izanagi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Takamagahara" title="Takamagahara">Takamagahara</a> mythology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaterasu" title="Amaterasu">Amaterasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanoo-no-Mikoto" title="Susanoo-no-Mikoto">Susanoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukuyomi-no-Mikoto" title="Tsukuyomi-no-Mikoto">Tsukuyomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ame-no-Uzume" title="Ame-no-Uzume">Ame-no-Uzume</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Izumo_Province" title="Izumo Province">Izumo</a> mythology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamata_no_Orochi" title="Yamata no Orochi">Yamata no Orochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_of_Inaba" title="Hare of Inaba">Hare of Inaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ckuninushi" title="Ōkuninushi">Ōkuninushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuni-yuzuri" title="Kuni-yuzuri">Kuni-yuzuri</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Takeminakata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hy%C5%ABga_Province" title="Hyūga Province">Hyūga</a> mythology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenson_k%C5%8Drin" title="Tenson kōrin">Tenson kōrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninigi-no-Mikoto" title="Ninigi-no-Mikoto">Ninigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konohanasakuya-hime" title="Konohanasakuya-hime">Konohanasakuya-hime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyotama-hime" title="Toyotama-hime">Toyotama-hime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Human age</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jimmu" title="Emperor Jimmu">Emperor Jimmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tagishimimi" title="Tagishimimi">Tagishimimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki#Kesshi_Hachidai_.28.22eight_undocumented_monarchs.22.29" title="Nihon Shoki">Kesshi Hachidai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythological locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashihara_no_Nakatsukuni" title="Ashihara no Nakatsukuni">Ashihara no Nakatsukuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ama-no-Iwato" class="mw-redirect" title="Ama-no-Iwato">Ama-no-Iwato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onogoro_Island" title="Onogoro Island">Onogoro Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ne-no-kuni" title="Ne-no-kuni">Ne-no-kuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%ABg%C5%AB-j%C5%8D" title="Ryūgū-jō">Ryūgū-jō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanzu_River" title="Sanzu River">Sanzu River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takamagahara" title="Takamagahara">Takamagahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokoyo_no_kuni" title="Tokoyo no kuni">Tokoyo no kuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yomi" title="Yomi">Yomi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythological weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amenonuhoko" class="mw-redirect" title="Amenonuhoko">Amenonuhoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusanagi_no_Tsurugi" title="Kusanagi no Tsurugi">Kusanagi no Tsurugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totsuka-no-Tsurugi" title="Totsuka-no-Tsurugi">Totsuka-no-Tsurugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ame-no-ohabari" title="Ame-no-ohabari">Ame-no-ohabari</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Futsu-no-mitama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Futsu-no-mitama (page does not exist)">Futsu-no-mitama</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%83%BD%E5%BE%A1%E9%AD%82" class="extiw" title="ja:布都御魂">ja</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Major Buddhist figures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amit%C4%81bha" title="Amitābha">Amida Nyorai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodhidharma" title="Bodhidharma">Daruma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Tathagatas" class="mw-redirect" title="Five Tathagatas">Five Tathagatas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Seven_Lucky_Gods" title="Seven Lucky Gods">Seven Lucky Gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzaiten" title="Benzaiten">Benzaiten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vai%C5%9Brava%E1%B9%87a" title="Vaiśravaṇa">Bishamonten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daikokuten" title="Daikokuten">Daikokuten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebisu_(mythology)" title="Ebisu (mythology)">Ebisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukurokuju" title="Fukurokuju">Fukurokuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budai" title="Budai">Hotei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jur%C5%8Djin" title="Jurōjin">Jurōjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kissh%C5%8Dten" title="Kisshōten">Kisshōten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_creatures_from_Japan" title="List of legendary creatures from Japan">Legendary creatures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_dragon" title="Japanese dragon">Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_(folklore)" title="Kappa (folklore)">Kappa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitsune" title="Kitsune">Kitsune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oni" title="Oni">Oni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinshi" title="Shinshi">Shinshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengu" title="Tengu">Tengu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dkai" title="Yōkai">Yōkai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABrei" title="Yūrei">Yūrei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinigami" title="Shinigami">Shinigami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_religion" title="Ryukyuan religion">Ryukyuan religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amamikyu" title="Amamikyu">Amamikyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenson_dynasty" title="Tenson dynasty">Tenson dynasty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_people#Religion" title="Ainu people">Ainu mythology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamuy" title="Kamuy">Kamuy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamuy-huci" title="Kamuy-huci">Kamuy-huci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasinaw-uk-kamuy" title="Hasinaw-uk-kamuy">Hasinaw-uk-kamuy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_deities" title="List of Japanese deities">Japanese deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sacred_objects_in_Japanese_mythology" title="List of sacred objects in Japanese mythology">Sacred objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japanese religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Shinto" title="Glossary of Shinto">Glossary of Shinto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shinto_shrines" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#b0000f"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shinto_shrines" title="Template:Shinto shrines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shinto_shrines" title="Template talk:Shinto shrines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shinto_shrines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shinto shrines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shinto_shrines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shinto_shrine" title="Shinto shrine">Shinto shrines</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#b0000f;background:#FFCCCB;"><div id="Shinto_architecture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shinto_architecture" title="Shinto architecture">Shinto architecture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dzuya" title="Chōzuya">chōzu or temizu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiden_(Shinto)" title="Haiden (Shinto)">Haiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiden_(Shinto)" title="Heiden (Shinto)">Heiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokora" title="Hokora">hokora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honden" title="Honden">honden / shinden / shōden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagura-den" title="Kagura-den">kagura-den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setsumatsusha" title="Setsumatsusha">setsumatsusha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architectonic elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinjusha" title="Chinjusha">Chinjusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigi_(architecture)" title="Chigi (architecture)">chigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_roof" title="Hidden roof">hidden roof</a></li> <li>kaerumata: see <a href="/wiki/Nakazonae" title="Nakazonae">nakazonae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kair%C5%8D" title="Kairō">kairō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karahafu" title="Karahafu">karahafu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamon" title="Karamon">karamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kat%C5%8Dmado" title="Katōmado">katōmado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsuogi" title="Katsuogi">katsuogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komainu#Foxes_at_Inari_shrines" title="Komainu">kitsune (fox)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komainu" title="Komainu">komainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon_(architecture)" title="Mon (architecture)">mon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakazonae" title="Nakazonae">nakazonae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinboku" title="Shinboku">shinboku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dr%C5%8D" title="Shōrō">shōrō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Drin" title="Sōrin">sōrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamagaki" title="Tamagaki">tamagaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toky%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyō">tokyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torii" title="Torii">torii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dr%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Tōrō">tōrō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirairi" title="Hirairi">hirairi-zukuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsumairi" title="Tsumairi">tsumairi-zukuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachiman-zukuri" title="Hachiman-zukuri">hachiman-zukuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiyoshi-zukuri" title="Hiyoshi-zukuri">hiyoshi-zukuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irimoya" class="mw-redirect" title="Irimoya">irimoya-zukuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishi-no-ma-zukuri" title="Ishi-no-ma-zukuri">ishi-no-ma-zukuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasuga-zukuri" title="Kasuga-zukuri">kasuga-zukuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibitsu-zukuri" title="Kibitsu-zukuri">kibitsu-zukuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_architecture#Misedana-zukuri" title="Shinto architecture">misedana-zukuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagare-zukuri" title="Nagare-zukuri">nagare-zukuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_architecture#.C5.8Ctori-zukuri" title="Shinto architecture">ōtori-zukuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_architecture#Owari-zukuri" title="Shinto architecture">owari-zukuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagare-zukuri" title="Nagare-zukuri">ryōnagare-zukuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinmei-zukuri" title="Shinmei-zukuri">shinmei-zukuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumiyoshi-zukuri" title="Sumiyoshi-zukuri">sumiyoshi-zukuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taisha-zukuri" title="Taisha-zukuri">taisha-zukuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Decorations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sand%C5%8D" title="Sandō">Sandō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saisen" title="Saisen">Saisen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomoe" title="Tomoe">Tomoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimenawa" title="Shimenawa">Shimenawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#b0000f;background:#FFCCCB;"><div id="Others" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Others</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_(Shinto)" title="An (Shinto)">An</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dzubachi" title="Chōzubachi">Chōzubachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dzuya" title="Chōzuya">Chōzuya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakama" title="Hakama">Hakama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himorogi" title="Himorogi">Himorogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8De" title="Jōe">Jōe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagura_suzu" title="Kagura suzu">Kagura suzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omiki" title="Omiki">O-miki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnusa" title="Ōnusa">Ō-nusa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gohei" title="Gohei">Gohei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanbo" title="Sanbo">Sanbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shide_(Shinto)" title="Shide (Shinto)">Shide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinsen" title="Shinsen">Shinsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzu_(bell)" title="Suzu (bell)">Suzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamagushi" title="Tamagushi">Tamagushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masakaki" title="Masakaki">Masakaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washi" title="Washi">Washi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shinto_shrine#Shrine_networks" title="Shinto shrine">Head shrines</a>1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fushimi_Inari-taisha" title="Fushimi Inari-taisha">Fushimi Inari Taisha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inari_%C5%8Ckami" title="Inari Ōkami">Inari Ōkami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inari_shrine" title="Inari shrine">Inari shrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usa_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Usa Shrine">Usa Hachiman-gū</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hachiman" title="Hachiman">Hachiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachiman_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachiman Shrine">Hachiman Shrine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ise_Grand_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ise Grand Shrine">Ise Grand Shrine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaterasu" title="Amaterasu">Amaterasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing%C5%ABky%C5%8D" title="Jingūkyō">Jingūkyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingu_Taima" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingu Taima">Jingu Taima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinmei_shrines" title="Shinmei shrines">Shinmei shrines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazaifu_Tenman-g%C5%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dazaifu Tenman-gū">Dazaifu Tenman-gū</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenjin_(kami)" title="Tenjin (kami)">Tenjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenmang%C5%AB" title="Tenmangū">Tenmangū</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munakata_Taisha" title="Munakata Taisha">Munakata Taisha</a> <ul><li>daughters of Amaterasu</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa_Taisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Suwa Taisha">Suwa Taisha</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Takeminakata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasakatome" title="Yasakatome">Yasakatome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotoshironushi" title="Kotoshironushi">Kotoshironushi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiyoshi_Taisha" title="Hiyoshi Taisha">Hiyoshi Taisha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ckuninushi" title="Ōkuninushi">Ōkuninushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyamakui_no_Kami" title="Oyamakui no Kami">Oyamakui no Kami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sann%C5%8D_torii" class="mw-redirect" title="Sannō torii">Sannō torii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sann%C5%8D_Ichijitsu_Shint%C5%8D" title="Sannō Ichijitsu Shintō">Sannō Ichijitsu Shintō</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumano_Nachi_Taisha" title="Kumano Nachi Taisha">Kumano Nachi Taisha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kumano_Kod%C5%8D" title="Kumano Kodō">Kumano Kodō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumano_Sanzan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumano Sanzan">Kumano Sanzan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsushima_Shrine" title="Tsushima Shrine">Tsushima Shrine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gion_cult" title="Gion cult">Gion cult</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasaka_Shrine" title="Yasaka Shrine">Yasaka Shrine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gion_cult" title="Gion cult">Gion cult</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tutelary_deities" class="mw-redirect" title="Tutelary deities">Tutelary deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ujigami" title="Ujigami">Ujigami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinjugami" title="Chinjugami">Chinjugami</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garanshin" class="mw-redirect" title="Garanshin">Garanshin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%8Dsojin" title="Dōsojin">Dōsojin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinushigami" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinushigami">Jinushigami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yama-no-Kami" class="mw-redirect" title="Yama-no-Kami">Yama-no-Kami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyagami" title="Oyagami">Oyagami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorei" title="Sorei">Sorei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubusunagami" title="Ubusunagami">Ubusunagami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunitama" title="Kunitama">Kunitama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yorishiro" title="Yorishiro">Yorishiro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shintai" title="Shintai">Shintai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinto_mirror" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinto mirror">Mirrors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinboku" title="Shinboku">Shinboku</a> (trees)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinju_no_Mori" title="Chinju no Mori">Chinju no Mori</a> (forests)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwakura_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwakura rocks">Iwakura</a> (rocks) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meoto_Iwa" title="Meoto Iwa">Meoto Iwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannabi" title="Kannabi">Kannabi</a> (locations)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katashiro" title="Katashiro">Katashiro</a> (dolls)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadomatsu" title="Kadomatsu">Kadomatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunrei" title="Bunrei">Bunrei</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kanj%C5%8D" title="Kanjō">Kanjō</a> (propagation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ofuda" title="Ofuda">Ofuda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jingu_Taima" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingu Taima">Jingu Taima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omamori" title="Omamori">Omamori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senjafuda" title="Senjafuda">Senjafuda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arahitogami" title="Arahitogami">Arahitogami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoshi" title="Mikoshi">Mikoshi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matsuri_float" title="Matsuri float">Matsuri float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinko-shiki" title="Shinko-shiki">Shinko-shiki</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Staff</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kannushi" title="Kannushi">Kannushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miko" title="Miko">Miko</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-un" class="mw-redirect" title="A-un">A-un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanjo_Nawa" title="Kanjo Nawa">Kanjo Nawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junrei" title="Junrei">Junrei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misaki" title="Misaki">Misaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyamairi" title="Miyamairi">Miyamairi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinshi" title="Shinshi">Shinshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-Two_Shrines" title="Twenty-Two Shrines">Twenty-Two Shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokoku_Shrines" class="mw-redirect" title="Gokoku Shrines">Gokoku Shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beppyo_Shrines" class="mw-redirect" title="Beppyo Shrines">Beppyo Shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinkai_(divine_rank)" title="Shinkai (divine rank)">Shinkai (divine rank)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_system_of_ranked_Shinto_shrines" title="Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines">Modern system of ranked Shinto shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engishiki_Jinmyocho" class="mw-redirect" title="Engishiki Jinmyocho">Engishiki Jinmyocho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinjusha" title="Chinjusha">Chinjusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setsumatsusha" title="Setsumatsusha">Setsumatsusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hokora" title="Hokora">Hokora</a></li> <li>Buddhist elements <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jing%C5%AB-ji" title="Jingū-ji">jingū-ji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jing%C5%AB-ji" title="Jingū-ji">miyadera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whale_mounds" title="Whale mounds">Whale mounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamidana" title="Kamidana">Kamidana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitamaya" title="Mitamaya">Mitamaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dja_shrine" title="Sōja shrine">Sōja shrine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_Parishioner_Registration" title="Shrine Parishioner Registration">Shrine Parishioner Registration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Shrine_Theory" title="Secular Shrine Theory">Secular Shrine Theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_Consolidation_Policy" title="Shrine Consolidation Policy">Shrine Consolidation Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine_Shinto" title="Shrine Shinto">Shrine Shinto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc practices for visitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/O-mikuji" title="O-mikuji">Ō-mikuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuin" title="Shuin">Shuin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ema_(Shinto)" title="Ema (Shinto)">Ema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinja_Honch%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinja Honchō">Jinja Honchō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futomani" title="Futomani">Futomani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harae" title="Harae">Harae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagura" title="Kagura">Kagura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogi" title="Misogi">Misogi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakushu_(Shinto)" title="Hakushu (Shinto)">Hakushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_bows,_two_claps,_one_bow" class="mw-redirect" title="Two bows, two claps, one bow">Two bows, two claps, one bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jichinsai" title="Jichinsai">Jichinsai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 (in order of the size of the shrine network they head)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Suwa_Faith" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#767C6B; color:#fff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Suwa_Faith" title="Template:Suwa Faith"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#fff">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Suwa_Faith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Suwa Faith (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#fff">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Suwa_Faith" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Suwa Faith"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#fff">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Suwa_Faith" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suwa Faith</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#8f9484; color:#fff;">Gods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#a8aca0; color:#fff;">Main Deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Takeminakata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasakatome" title="Yasakatome">Yasakatome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dga_Sabur%C5%8D" title="Kōga Saburō">Kōga Saburō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#a8aca0; color:#fff;">Child Gods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeminakatahikokamiwake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takeminakatahikokamiwake (page does not exist)">Takeminakatahikokamiwake</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E5%BE%A1%E5%90%8D%E6%96%B9%E5%BD%A6%E7%A5%9E%E5%88%A5%E5%91%BD" class="extiw" title="ja:建御名方彦神別命">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idezuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idezuna (page does not exist)">Idezuna</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E6%97%A9%E9%9B%84%E5%91%BD" class="extiw" title="ja:出早雄命">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katakura-hen-no-Mikoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katakura-hen-no-Mikoto (page does not exist)">Katakura-hen-no-Mikoto</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%87%E5%80%89%E8%BE%BA%E5%91%BD" class="extiw" title="ja:片倉辺命">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikei-no-Kami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikei-no-Kami (page does not exist)">Ikei-no-Kami</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B1%A0%E7%94%9F%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:池生神">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yachinomi-no-Mikoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yachinomi-no-Mikoto (page does not exist)">Yachinomi-no-Mikoto</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E6%9D%B5%E5%91%BD" class="extiw" title="ja:八杵命">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Subanowaka-hiko-no-Mikoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subanowaka-hiko-no-Mikoto (page does not exist)">Subanowaka-hiko-no-Mikoto</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A0%88%E6%B3%A2%E8%8B%A5%E5%BD%A6%E5%91%BD" class="extiw" title="ja:須波若彦命">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enanomimi-no-Mikoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enanomimi-no-Mikoto (page does not exist)">Enanomimi-no-Mikoto</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%81%B5%E5%A5%88%E6%AD%A6%E8%80%B3%E5%91%BD" class="extiw" title="ja:恵奈武耳命">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikahagi-no-Mikoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikahagi-no-Mikoto (page does not exist)">Ikahagi-no-Mikoto</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%8F%E5%B2%90%E8%90%A9%E5%91%BD" class="extiw" title="ja:意岐萩命">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tateshina-no-Kami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tateshina-no-Kami (page does not exist)">Tateshina-no-Kami</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%93%BC%E7%A7%91%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:蓼科神">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Okutsuishitake-no-Kami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Okutsuishitake-no-Kami (page does not exist)">Okutsuishitake-no-Kami</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%B4%A5%E7%9F%B3%E5%BB%BA%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:奥津石建神">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moritatsu-no-Kami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moritatsu-no-Kami (page does not exist)">Moritatsu-no-Kami</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%88%E9%81%94%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:守達神">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodomo-no-Kami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kodomo-no-Kami (page does not exist)">Kodomo-no-Kami</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E6%9D%9C%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:高杜神">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uchiagata-no-Kami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uchiagata-no-Kami (page does not exist)">Uchiagata-no-Kami</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%85%E7%9C%8C%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:内県神">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toagata-no-Kami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toagata-no-Kami (page does not exist)">Toagata-no-Kami</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%9C%8C%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:外県神">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oagata-no-Kami" class="mw-redirect" title="Oagata-no-Kami">Oagata-no-Kami</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%9C%8C%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:大県神">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsumekihagi-no-Mikoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsumekihagi-no-Mikoto (page does not exist)">Tsumekihagi-no-Mikoto</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E5%B2%90%E8%90%A9%E5%91%BD" class="extiw" title="ja:妻岐萩命">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suefutokoro-no-Kami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suefutokoro-no-Kami (page does not exist)">Suefutokoro-no-Kami</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AB%9F%E5%AF%8C%E8%A7%92%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:竟富角神">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oochi-no-Kami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oochi-no-Kami (page does not exist)">Oochi-no-Kami</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%A9%A1%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:大橡神">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsuma-Kahime-no-Mikoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsuma-Kahime-no-Mikoto (page does not exist)">Tsuma-Kahime-no-Mikoto</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A6%BB%E7%A7%91%E6%AF%94%E5%A3%B2%E5%91%BD" class="extiw" title="ja:妻科比売命">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taruhime%27s_Waterfall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taruhime's Waterfall (page does not exist)">Taruhime</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%95%99%E5%A7%AB%E3%81%AE%E6%BB%9D" class="extiw" title="ja:多留姫の滝">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsumayamito-hime-no-Mikoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsumayamito-hime-no-Mikoto (page does not exist)">Tsumayamito-hime-no-Mikoto</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%83%BD%E9%BA%BB%E8%80%B6%E7%BE%8E%E8%B1%86%E6%AF%94%E5%A3%B2%E5%91%BD" class="extiw" title="ja:都麻耶美豆比売命">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tatsuwaka-hime-no-Mikoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tatsuwaka-hime-no-Mikoto (page does not exist)">Tatsuwaka-hime-no-Mikoto</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%83%BD%E8%8B%A5%E6%AF%94%E5%A3%B2%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:多都若比売神">ja</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#a8aca0; color:#fff;">Grandchild Gods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kodamahiko-no-Mikoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kodamahiko-no-Mikoto (page does not exist)">Kodamahiko-no-Mikoto</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%90%E7%8E%89%E5%BD%A6%E5%91%BD" class="extiw" title="ja:児玉彦命">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yatsugatake_Sukune-no-Kami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yatsugatake Sukune-no-Kami (page does not exist)">Yatsugatake Sukune-no-Kami</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E7%B8%A3%E5%AE%BF%E7%A6%B0%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:八縣宿禰神">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Idezunahime-no-Mikoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Idezunahime-no-Mikoto (page does not exist)">Idezunahime-no-Mikoto</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E6%97%A9%E6%AF%94%E5%A3%B2%E5%91%BD" class="extiw" title="ja:出早比売命">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aizu-hime-no-Kami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aizu-hime-no-Kami (page does not exist)">Aizu-hime-no-Kami</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%9A%E6%B4%A5%E6%AF%94%E5%A3%B2%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:会津比売神">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitsutama-hime-no-Kami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitsutama-hime-no-Kami (page does not exist)">Mitsutama-hime-no-Kami</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E9%83%BD%E5%A4%9A%E9%BA%BB%E6%AF%94%E5%A3%B2%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:美都多麻比売神">ja</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#a8aca0; color:#fff;">Other Gods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishaguji" title="Mishaguji">Mishaguji</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ame-no-Shiro-Kami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ame-no-Shiro-Kami (page does not exist)">Ame-no-Shiro-Kami</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%99%BD%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:天白神">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moreya" title="Moreya">Moreya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moritaku-no-Kami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moritaku-no-Kami (page does not exist)">Moritaku-no-Kami</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%88%E5%AE%85%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:守宅神">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chikatou-no-Kami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chikatou-no-Kami (page does not exist)">Chikatou-no-Kami</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E9%B9%BF%E9%A0%AD%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:千鹿頭神">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamamorihime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamamorihime (page does not exist)">Tamamorihime</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E6%BA%80%E7%95%99%E5%A7%AB" class="extiw" title="ja:多満留姫">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenaga-Ashikaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenaga-Ashikaga (page does not exist)">Tenaga-Ashikaga</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E9%95%B7%E8%B6%B3%E9%95%B7" class="extiw" title="ja:手長足長">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takei-Otomo-no-Ookami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takei-Otomo-no-Ookami (page does not exist)">Takei-Otomo-no-Ookami</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%B1%85%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%B4%E4%B8%BB%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="ja:武居大伴主神">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yazuka-Otoko-no-Mikoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yazuka-Otoko-no-Mikoto (page does not exist)">Yazuka-Otoko-no-Mikoto</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%A2%E5%A1%9A%E7%94%B7%E5%91%BD" class="extiw" title="ja:矢塚男命">ja</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Japanese_crest_Suwa_Kajinoha%28White_background%29.svg/150px-Japanese_crest_Suwa_Kajinoha%28White_background%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Japanese_crest_Suwa_Kajinoha%28White_background%29.svg/225px-Japanese_crest_Suwa_Kajinoha%28White_background%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Japanese_crest_Suwa_Kajinoha%28White_background%29.svg/300px-Japanese_crest_Suwa_Kajinoha%28White_background%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="688" data-file-height="688" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#8f9484; color:#fff;">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#a8aca0; color:#fff;">Head Shrine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suwa-taisha" title="Suwa-taisha">Suwa-taisha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#a8aca0; color:#fff;">Other Shrines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suwa_Shrine_(Tottori)" title="Suwa Shrine (Tottori)">Suwa Shrine (Tottori)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tagimitonotoya_Shrine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tagimitonotoya Shrine (page does not exist)">Tagimitonotoya Shrine</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%A5%81%E5%BE%A1%E5%A5%88%E5%88%80%E5%BC%A5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:多祁御奈刀弥神社">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa_Shrine_(Nagasaki)" title="Suwa Shrine (Nagasaki)">Suwa Shrine (Nagasaki)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashinaga_Shrine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashinaga Shrine (page does not exist)">Ashinaga Shrine</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B3%E9%95%B7%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:足長神社">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikushimatarushima_Shrine" title="Ikushimatarushima Shrine">Ikushimatarushima Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ono_Shrine_%26_Yahiko_Shrine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ono Shrine & Yahiko Shrine (page does not exist)">Ono Shrine & Yahiko Shrine</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E9%87%8E%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE%E3%83%BB%E7%9F%A2%E5%BD%A6%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:小野神社・矢彦神社">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sakimiya_Shrine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sakimiya Shrine (page does not exist)">Sakimiya Shrine</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%88%E5%AE%AE%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:先宮神社">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tatsuyasu-zo_Shrine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tatsuyasu-zo Shrine (page does not exist)">Tatsuyasu-zo Shrine</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%94%E5%B1%8B%E9%85%A2%E8%94%B5%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:達屋酢蔵神社">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taruhime%27s_Waterfall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taruhime's Waterfall (page does not exist)">Taruhime's Waterfall</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E7%95%99%E5%A7%AB%E3%81%AE%E6%BB%9D" class="extiw" title="ja:多留姫の滝">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chikatou_Shrine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chikatou Shrine (page does not exist)">Chikatou Shrine</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E9%B9%BF%E9%A0%AD%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:千鹿頭神社">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tenaga_Shrine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tenaga Shrine (page does not exist)">Tenaga Shrine</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E9%95%B7%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:手長神社">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fujishima_Shrine_(Suwa_Region)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fujishima Shrine (Suwa Region) (page does not exist)">Fujishima Shrine (Suwa Region)</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%A4%E5%B3%B6%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE_(%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9)" class="extiw" title="ja:藤島神社 (諏訪地方)">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morikawa_Shrine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morikawa Shrine (page does not exist)">Morikawa Shrine</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B4%A9%E7%9F%A2%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:洩矢神社">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yatsurugi_Shrine_(Suwa_City)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yatsurugi Shrine (Suwa City) (page does not exist)">Yatsurugi Shrine (Suwa City)</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%89%A3%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE_(%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%B8%82)" class="extiw" title="ja:八剣神社 (諏訪市)">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akita_Suwa_Shrine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akita Suwa Shrine (page does not exist)">Akita Suwa Shrine</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E7%94%B0%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%AE%AE" class="extiw" title="ja:秋田諏訪宮">ja</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#a8aca0; color:#fff;">Temples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ankokoji_(Chino_City)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ankokoji (Chino City) (page does not exist)">Ankokoji (Chino City)</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%AF%BA_(%E8%8C%85%E9%87%8E%E5%B8%82)" class="extiw" title="ja:安国寺 (茅野市)">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hokkeji_(Suwa_City)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hokkeji (Suwa City) (page does not exist)">Hokkeji (Suwa City)</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%8F%AF%E5%AF%BA_(%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%B8%82)" class="extiw" title="ja:法華寺 (諏訪市)">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onsenji_(Nagano)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onsenji (Nagano) (page does not exist)">Onsenji (Nagano)</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E6%B3%89%E5%AF%BA_(%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%B8%82)" class="extiw" title="ja:温泉寺 (諏訪市)">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kannon-in_(Okaya_City)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kannon-in (Okaya City) (page does not exist)">Kannon-in (Okaya City)</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A6%B3%E9%9F%B3%E9%99%A2_(%E5%B2%A1%E8%B0%B7%E5%B8%82)" class="extiw" title="ja:観音院 (岡谷市)">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jiunji_(Nagano_Prefecture_Shimosuwa_Town)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jiunji (Nagano Prefecture Shimosuwa Town) (page does not exist)">Jiunji (Nagano Prefecture Shimosuwa Town)</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%85%88%E9%9B%B2%E5%AF%BA_(%E9%95%B7%E9%87%8E%E7%9C%8C%E4%B8%8B%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E7%94%BA)" class="extiw" title="ja:慈雲寺 (長野県下諏訪町)">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Buppoushouryuji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Buppoushouryuji (page does not exist)">Buppoushouryuji</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%8F%E6%B3%95%E7%B4%B9%E9%9A%86%E5%AF%BA" class="extiw" title="ja:仏法紹隆寺">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiken-ji" title="Seiken-ji">Seiken-ji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#a8aca0; color:#fff;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moriya_Mountain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moriya Mountain (page does not exist)">Moriya Mountain</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%88%E5%B1%8B%E5%B1%B1" class="extiw" title="ja:守屋山">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Suwa" title="Lake Suwa">Lake Suwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenry%C5%AB_River" title="Tenryū River">Tenryū River</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsuetzuki_Pass&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsuetzuki Pass (page does not exist)">Tsuetzuki Pass</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%96%E7%AA%81%E5%B3%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:杖突峠">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fune_Kofun_(Burial_Mound)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fune Kofun (Burial Mound) (page does not exist)">Fune Kofun (Burial Mound)</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%8D%E5%8F%A4%E5%A2%B3" class="extiw" title="ja:フネ古墳">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shimosuwa_Aozuka_Kofun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shimosuwa Aozuka Kofun (page does not exist)">Shimosuwa Aozuka Kofun</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E9%9D%92%E5%A1%9A%E5%8F%A4%E5%A2%B3" class="extiw" title="ja:下諏訪青塚古墳">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Manji%27s_Stone_Buddha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manji's Stone Buddha (page does not exist)">Manji's Stone Buddha</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%87%E6%B2%BB%E3%81%AE%E7%9F%B3%E4%BB%8F" class="extiw" title="ja:万治の石仏">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shinchoukan_Moriya_Historical_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shinchoukan Moriya Historical Museum (page does not exist)">Shinchoukan Moriya Historical Museum</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E9%95%B7%E5%AE%98%E5%AE%88%E7%9F%A2%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%99%E9%A4%A8" class="extiw" title="ja:神長官守矢史料館">ja</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#a8aca0; color:#fff;">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kuni-yuzuri" title="Kuni-yuzuri">Kuni-yuzuri</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kujiki" title="Kujiki">Kujiki</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suwa_Nobushige%27s_Letter_of_Explanation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suwa Nobushige's Letter of Explanation (page does not exist)">Suwa Nobushige's Letter of Explanation</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E4%BF%A1%E9%87%8D%E8%A7%A3%E7%8A%B6" class="extiw" title="ja:諏訪信重解状">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suha_Mikoto%27s_Written_Record&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suha Mikoto's Written Record (page does not exist)">Suha Mikoto's Written Record</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%AC%E6%B3%A2%E5%BE%A1%E8%A8%98%E6%96%87" class="extiw" title="ja:陬波御記文">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa_Daimy%C5%8Djin_Ekotoba" title="Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba">Suwa Daimyōjin Ekotoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shint%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB" title="Shintōshū">Shintōshū</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#a8aca0; color:#fff;">Historical Figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ariue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ariue (page does not exist)">Ariue</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E5%93%A1" class="extiw" title="ja:有員">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakanoue_no_Tamuramaro" title="Sakanoue no Tamuramaro">Sakanoue no Tamuramaro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akuro_O&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akuro O (page does not exist)">Akuro O</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%82%AA%E8%B7%AF%E7%8E%8B" class="extiw" title="ja:悪路王">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kana_Moritomo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kana Moritomo (page does not exist)">Kana Moritomo</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%88%BA%E7%9B%9B%E6%BE%84" class="extiw" title="ja:金刺盛澄">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tezuka_Mitsumori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tezuka Mitsumori (page does not exist)">Tezuka Mitsumori</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E5%A1%9A%E5%85%89%E7%9B%9B" class="extiw" title="ja:手塚光盛">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suwa_Tamenaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suwa Tamenaka (page does not exist)">Suwa Tamenaka</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E7%82%BA%E4%BB%B2" class="extiw" title="ja:諏訪為仲">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suwa_Nobushige&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suwa Nobushige (page does not exist)">Suwa Nobushige</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E4%BF%A1%E9%87%8D" class="extiw" title="ja:諏訪信重">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa_Yorishige_(Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period)" title="Suwa Yorishige (Nanboku-chō period)">Suwa Yorishige (Nanboku-chō period)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suwa_Entadzu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suwa Entadzu (page does not exist)">Suwa Entadzu</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%86%86%E5%BF%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:諏訪円忠">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kana_Masaharu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kana Masaharu (page does not exist)">Kana Masaharu</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%88%BA%E6%98%8C%E6%98%A5" class="extiw" title="ja:金刺昌春">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa_Yorimitsu" title="Suwa Yorimitsu">Suwa Yorimitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa_Yorishige_(daimyo)" title="Suwa Yorishige (daimyo)">Suwa Yorishige</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suwa_Official&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suwa Official (page does not exist)">Suwa Official</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%8F%E8%A8%AA%E5%BE%A1%E6%96%99%E4%BA%BA" class="extiw" title="ja:諏訪御料人">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takatoo_Yoritsugu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takatoo Yoritsugu (page does not exist)">Takatoo Yoritsugu</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%81%A0%E9%A0%BC%E7%B6%99" class="extiw" title="ja:高遠頼継">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeda_Shingen" title="Takeda Shingen">Takeda Shingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takeda_Katsuyori" title="Takeda Katsuyori">Takeda Katsuyori</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moriya_Yorishin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moriya Yorishin (page does not exist)">Moriya Yorishin</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%88%E7%9F%A2%E9%A0%BC%E7%9C%9F" class="extiw" title="ja:守矢頼真">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moriya_Masayuki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moriya Masayuki (page does not exist)">Moriya Masayuki</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%88%E7%9F%A2%E7%9C%9F%E5%B9%B8" class="extiw" title="ja:守矢真幸">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsuzawa_Yoshifusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matsuzawa Yoshifusa (page does not exist)">Matsuzawa Yoshifusa</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E6%B2%A2%E7%BE%A9%E7%AB%A0" class="extiw" title="ja:松沢義章">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunio_Yanagita" title="Kunio Yanagita">Kunio Yanagita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naokazu_Miyaji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naokazu Miyaji (page does not exist)">Naokazu Miyaji</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E5%9C%B0%E7%9B%B4%E4%B8%80" class="extiw" title="ja:宮地直一">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ito_Tomio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ito Tomio (page does not exist)">Ito Tomio</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%97%A4%E5%AF%8C%E9%9B%84" class="extiw" title="ja:伊藤富雄">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fujimori_Eiichi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fujimori Eiichi (page does not exist)">Fujimori Eiichi</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%97%A4%E6%A3%AE%E6%A0%84%E4%B8%80" class="extiw" title="ja:藤森栄一">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imai_Nogiku&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imai Nogiku (page does not exist)">Imai Nogiku</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%8A%E4%BA%95%E9%87%8E%E8%8F%8A" class="extiw" title="ja:今井野菊">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daihachi_Oguchi" title="Daihachi Oguchi">Daihachi Oguchi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Osuwa_Daiko" title="Osuwa Daiko">Osuwa Daiko</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomoto_Sankichi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nomoto Sankichi (page does not exist)">Nomoto Sankichi</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%87%8E%E6%9C%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%90%89" class="extiw" title="ja:野本三吉">ja</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#8f9484; color:#fff;">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suwa_clan" title="Suwa clan">Suwa clan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ckuninushi" title="Ōkuninushi">Ōkuninushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunakawahime" title="Nunakawahime">Nunakawahime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izumo_clan" title="Izumo clan">Izumo clan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koshi_Province_(Japan)" title="Koshi Province (Japan)">Koshi Province (Japan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwa_clan" title="Miwa clan">Miwa clan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aso_clan" title="Aso clan">Aso clan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mononobe_clan" title="Mononobe clan">Mononobe clan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Takeiwa_Tatsunomikoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takeiwa Tatsunomikoto (page does not exist)">Takeiwa Tatsunomikoto</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%81%A5%E7%A3%90%E9%BE%8D%E5%91%BD" class="extiw" title="ja:健磐龍命">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isetsuhiko" title="Isetsuhiko">Isetsuhiko</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kazama_Shrine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kazama Shrine (page does not exist)">Kazama Shrine</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E9%96%93%E7%A5%9E%E7%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="ja:風間神社">ja</a>])</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ishibou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ishibou (page does not exist)">Ishibou</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%A3%92" class="extiw" title="ja:石棒">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jagouken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jagouken (page does not exist)">Jagouken</a> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9B%87%E8%A1%8C%E5%89%A3" class="extiw" title="ja:蛇行剣">ja</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arahitogami" title="Arahitogami">Arahitogami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa_Province" title="Suwa Province">Suwa Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa_Domain" title="Suwa Domain">Suwa Domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_meat_consumption_in_Japan" title="History of meat consumption in Japan">History of meat consumption in Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&oldid=1255938167">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Takeminakata&oldid=1255938167</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Agricultural_gods" title="Category:Agricultural gods">Agricultural 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