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Herbert Baker - Wikipedia

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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Loopbaan in Suid-Afrika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loopbaan_in_Suid-Afrika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loopbaan_elders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loopbaan_elders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Loopbaan elders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loopbaan_elders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nalatenskap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nalatenskap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Nalatenskap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nalatenskap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lys_van_werke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lys_van_werke"> 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aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Herbert Baker</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na &#039;n artikel in &#039;n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 18 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1_(%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A)" title="هربرت بيكر (مهندس معماري) – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هربرت بيكر (مهندس معماري)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1" title="هيربيرت بيكر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيربيرت بيكر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Baker" title="Herbert Baker – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Herbert Baker" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Baker" title="Herbert Baker – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Herbert Baker" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Baker" title="Herbert Baker – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Herbert Baker" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1" title="هربرت بیکر – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هربرت بیکر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Baker_(architecte)" title="Herbert Baker (architecte) – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Herbert Baker (architecte)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="हर्बर्ट बेकर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हर्बर्ट बेकर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Baker" title="Herbert Baker – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Herbert Baker" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Baker" title="Herbert Baker – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Herbert Baker" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbertus_Baker" title="Herbertus Baker – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Herbertus Baker" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0" title="हर्बर्ट बेकर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हर्बर्ट बेकर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Baker" title="Herbert Baker – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Herbert Baker" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Baker" title="Herbert Baker – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Herbert Baker" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Baker" title="Herbert Baker – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Herbert Baker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="எர்பெர்ட்டு பேக்கர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எர்பெர்ட்டு பேக்கர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Герберт Бейкер – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Герберт Бейкер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E5%85%8B" title="赫伯特·貝克 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="赫伯特·貝克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q382771#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Baker" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Herbert_Baker" title="&#039;n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Herbert_Baker" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="&#039;n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Baker&amp;oldid=2617478" title="&#039;n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Baker&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&amp;page=Herbert_Baker&amp;id=2617478&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHerbert_Baker"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHerbert_Baker"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Herbert+Baker"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Herbert_Baker&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Baker&amp;printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Herbert_Baker" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" 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dir="ltr"><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold"><div class="fn" style="display:inline">Herbert Baker</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Herbert_Baker00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Herbert_Baker00.jpg/220px-Herbert_Baker00.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Herbert_Baker00.jpg/330px-Herbert_Baker00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Herbert_Baker00.jpg/440px-Herbert_Baker00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1493" data-file-height="1697" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Gebore</th><td><a href="/wiki/9_Junie" title="9 Junie">9 Junie</a> <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Cobham, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Sterf</th><td>4 Februarie 1946 (op 83)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Cobham, Kent, Engeland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Nasionaliteit</th><td class="category"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Verenigde Koninkryk"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde Koninkryk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Verenigde Koninkryk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Beroep</th><td class="role">argitek</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Bekend&#160;vir</th><td><a href="/wiki/Uniegebou" title="Uniegebou">Uniegebou</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rhodes-gedenkteken" title="Rhodes-gedenkteken">Rhodes-gedenkteken</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a><br />Suid-Afrikaanse ambassade in <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Ouer(s)</th><td>Thomas Henry Baker<br />Frances Georgina Davis</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Sir <b>Herbert Baker</b> (9 Junie 1862 – 4 Februarie 1946) was 'n <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_Koninkryk" title="Verenigde Koninkryk">Britse</a> argitek wat 'n groot uitwerking op <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrikaanse</a> <a href="/wiki/Argitektuur" title="Argitektuur">argitektuur</a> tussen 1892 en 1912 gehad het. Hy het bygedra tot die skepping van wat op daardie stadium 'n nuwe inheemse argitektuur was en was verantwoordelik vir die ontwerp van bekende bakens soos die <a href="/wiki/Uniegebou" title="Uniegebou">Uniegebou</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, die <a href="/wiki/Rhodes-gedenkteken" title="Rhodes-gedenkteken">Rhodes-gedenkteken</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a>, die <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika-huis_(Londen)" title="Suid-Afrika-huis (Londen)">Suid-Afrika-huis</a> en die Suid-Afrikaanse ambassade in <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a>. Hy het sy inspirasie uit die Kaapse volksargitektuur en die klassiekeherlewingstyl geput.<sup id="cite_ref-HAT_Taal-en-feitegids_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HAT_Taal-en-feitegids-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hy het talle katedrale, kerke, woonhuise en skole in Suid-Afrika ontwerp, waaronder St George's Katedraal in <a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a>, St John Kollege in <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a> en Michael House in <a href="/wiki/Balgowan" class="mw-redirect" title="Balgowan">Balgowan</a>. Hy het eredoktorate van <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_Oxford" title="Universiteit van Oxford">Oxford</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Universiteit_van_die_Witwatersrand" title="Universiteit van die Witwatersrand">Universiteit van die Witwatersrand</a> ontvang en was tot ridder geslaan vir sy ontwerp van die regsgeboue in <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Delhi" title="Nieu-Delhi">Nieu-Delhi</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vroeë_lewe"><span id="Vroe.C3.AB_lewe"></span>Vroeë lewe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Baker&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Vroeë lewe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Baker&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Vroeë lewe"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Herbert_Baker,_skets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/7/7b/Herbert_Baker%2C_skets.jpg/180px-Herbert_Baker%2C_skets.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/7/7b/Herbert_Baker%2C_skets.jpg/270px-Herbert_Baker%2C_skets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/af/thumb/7/7b/Herbert_Baker%2C_skets.jpg/360px-Herbert_Baker%2C_skets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>'n Skets van Baker in sy jonger jare.</figcaption></figure> <p>Herbert Baker is op 9 Junie 1862 in Cobham, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, gebore as die vierde seun van Thomas Henry Baker en Frances Georgina Davies. Hy het sy kindertyd in die plattelandse omgewing van Kent deurgebring, waar die afsondering tradisies van goeie vakmanskap bewaar het. Hier het hy die tradisionele boumetodes bewonder en bestudeer soos metodes van steen en pleister, verskillende aspekte van hout, middeleeuse kerkbeplanning en steenkonstruksie. </p><p>Hy is onderrig aan die Tonbridge Skool, wat hom gevorm het in 'n patroon van leer, godsdiens, lojaliteit en leierskap. Na sy besluit om argitek te word, het hy op sy wiskunde- en meganika studies gefokus. Met tien ander broers en susters, was daar egter nie genoeg geld om Baker na universiteit te stuur nie, dus het hy in 1879 as vakleerling ingeskryf by sy neef Arthur Baker. Arthur Baker het 'n klein praktyk gehad wat hoofsaaklik doenig was met die herstel van ou kerke en die bou van nuwes volgens die <a href="/wiki/Gotiese_argitektuur" title="Gotiese argitektuur">Gotiese styl</a>. Herbert het 'n groot belangstelling in hierdie werk getoon en hom daarop toegespits. </p><p>Later kon hy dit bekostig om klasse by die Royal Academy Schools en Architectural Association by te woon, wat deur vooraanstaande argitekte aangebied is. Baker het saans in sy vrye tyd talle museum, soos die Victoria en Albert-museum. Hy het sy socius-lidmaatskapeksamen van die Royal Institute of British Architects eerste in sy klas geslaag. </p><p>Na sy driejarige opleiding het Baker by 'n vername argitekfirma, <i>Ernest George en Peto</i>, in Londen gaan werk en sou later ook reise na <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB" title="België">België</a> en <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a> onderneem. In 1884 het hy lid geword van die nuwe <i>Art Guild</i> en in 1891 het hy assessorlid van die Royal Institute of British Architects geword. Hy het ook die Ashpitel-prys vir sy prestasies in sy studies verower. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Loopbaan_in_Suid-Afrika">Loopbaan in Suid-Afrika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Baker&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Loopbaan in Suid-Afrika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Baker&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Loopbaan in Suid-Afrika"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Groote-schuur-c1905.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Groote-schuur-c1905.jpg/220px-Groote-schuur-c1905.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Groote-schuur-c1905.jpg/330px-Groote-schuur-c1905.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Groote-schuur-c1905.jpg/440px-Groote-schuur-c1905.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption>Agteraansig van die <a href="/wiki/Groote_Schuur" title="Groote Schuur">Groote Schuur</a> in ongeveer 1905</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1892 het hy na die <a href="/wiki/Kaap_die_Goeie_Hoop" title="Kaap die Goeie Hoop">Kaap die Goeie Hoop</a> gegaan om 'n jonger broer, Lionel, op 'n vrugteplaas te help. Skoudadmiraal Henry Nicholson, wat familie van die Bakers en 'n bevelvoerder aan die Kaap was, het Baker aan die vernaamste Kapenaars voorgestel, ook eerste minister <a href="/wiki/Cecil_John_Rhodes" title="Cecil John Rhodes">Cecil John Rhodes</a>. Rhodes het hom versoek om sy afgebrande woning, <a href="/wiki/Groote_Schuur" title="Groote Schuur">Groote Schuur</a>, te herbou. Baker het hom sodanig van sy taak gekwyt, dat daar nie 'n tekort aan nuwe opdragte was nie. </p><p>Dit was die begin van sy belangrike loopbaan in Suid-Afrika. Eers was sy werk hoofsaaklik die ontwerp en bou van huise en kerke, die opknap van verwaarloosde <a href="/wiki/Kaaps-Hollandse_Styl" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaaps-Hollandse Styl">Kaaps-Hollandse huise</a>, en die versameling van ou meubels, porselein en silwer. Later het hy verskeie kantoor- en ander openbare geboue ontwerp. </p><p>In 1900 het Cecil Rhodes besef dat Baker se argitekopleiding nie die presiese klassieke tradisies insluit wat hy geglo het geskik was vir die monumentale geboue wat hy so graag in Suid-Afrika wou sien nie en het hy vir Baker gestuur om in Italië, <a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland">Griekeland</a> en <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> die klassieke boustyle te gaan bestudeer. Die gevolg van hierdie reise kan gesien word in die meer gekunstelde werk wat hy na sy terugkeer in monumente en openbare geboue openbaar het. Die bedoeling was egter nie om hierdie style na te aap nie: Rhodes en Baker wou saam 'n boustyl eie aan Suid-Afrika skep en baie van Baker se werk was opdragte wat direk van Rhodes afkomstig was. </p><p>Na Rhodes se dood in 1902 en aan die einde van die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Vryheidsoorlog" title="Tweede Vryheidsoorlog">Engelse oorlog</a>, het <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Milner" title="Alfred Milner">Lord Milner</a> Baker genooi om in die <a href="/wiki/Transvaal" title="Transvaal">Transvaal</a> te praktiseer en tot sy program vir heropbou by te dra. </p><p>Tydens die tien jaar wat hy in die Transvaal gewerk het, het Baker 'n nuwe fase van argitektuur begin. Soos in die Kaap het hy eers as baanbreker en organiseerder van mans en materiaal opgetree sodat hy met natuurlike materiaal soos steen, gras, teëls en hout kon bou in plaas van met ingevoerde, voorafvervaardigde boukomponente wat tot op daardie stadium algemeen vir huise gebruik is. Hy het baie huise gebou waarvan sommige herehuise was, sommige plaashuise en ander het tot behuisingskemas vir ambagsmanne by myne behoort. </p><p>Sy steenhuise is gebou van steen wat uit die koppies gebreek is en was Baker se eerste oorspronklike bydrae tot Suid-Afrikaanse argitektuur sedert die Kaaps-Hollandse Barokstyl. Sy behuisingskemas vir die myne het bewys dat argitek-ontwerpte huise net so goedkoop, maar beter was as die hout-en-yster-strukture met steenvoerings wat tot op daardie stadium gebou is. </p><p>In 1904 is Baker terug na Brittanje vir 'n besoek aan sy familie. Daar het hy verlief geraak op sy niggie, Florence Edmeades, en die twee is nie lank daarna nie getroud. Florence het saam met hom na Suid-Afrika teruggekeer en die paartjie sou in totaal vier kinders kry. </p><p>Die heropbouing van 'n na-oorlogse Suid-Afrika het vir baie opdragte gesorg. Baker het na die <a href="/wiki/Transvaal" title="Transvaal">Transvaal</a> teruggekeer, waar hy algehele beheer behou het van 'n wydverspreide praktyk wat elke aspek van die boubedryf ingesluit het en deur sy vennote bestuur is. Die vennootskap het kantore in Kaapstad, <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a> en <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a> gehad en in die Kaap, die <a href="/wiki/Oranjerivierkolonie" title="Oranjerivierkolonie">Oranjerivierkolonie</a>, die Transvaal en (Suid-) <a href="/wiki/Rhodesi%C3%AB" title="Rhodesië">Rhodesië</a> gewerk. Naas die reedsgenoemde ambagshuise, het Baker wetenskapslaboratoriums, teen groot administrasiekoste en die verandering en vergroting van die Goewerneurswoning in Kaapstad ontwerp. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Uniegebou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Uniegebou.jpg/220px-Uniegebou.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Uniegebou.jpg/330px-Uniegebou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Uniegebou.jpg/440px-Uniegebou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Uniegebou" title="Uniegebou">Uniegebou</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Baker se grootste argitektoniese geleenthede het hulself voorgedoen na die <a href="/wiki/Unie_van_Suid-Afrika" title="Unie van Suid-Afrika">Unie van Suid-Afrika</a> in 1908 betwis was. In 1909 het hy die <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>-stasie ontwerp en in 1910 die <a href="/wiki/Uniegebou" title="Uniegebou">Uniegebou</a> op <a href="/wiki/Meintjieskop" title="Meintjieskop">Meintjieskop</a> in Pretoria – sy grootste prestasie. Hierdie geboue kroon sy Suid-Afrikaanse loopbaan en het sedertdien die karakter van <a href="/wiki/Suid-Afrika" title="Suid-Afrika">Suid-Afrikaanse</a> argitektuur beïnvloed. </p><p>Vir die Uniegebou het Baker opdrag gekry om 'n administrasiegebou vir die nuwe Unie te skep. Hy het gepoog om met die eenvoudigste elemente 'n ruim en eenvormige indruk te skep. Die terrein waarop die gebou gebou sou word, 'n plato, verdeel deur 'n laagte, het Baker aan die amfiteaters in Griekeland herinner en hy het dieselfde styl op sy ontwerp vir die Uniegebou toegepas, sodat sy gebou twee groot kantoorvleuels gehad het wat gekoppel is deur 'n boogvormige gebou met 'n suilegang. </p><p>Een van sy laaste opdragte in Suid-Afrika voor hy na Brittanje teruggekeer het, was die Suid-Afrikaanse Instituut vir Mediese Navorsing in <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, wat hy in 1912 ontwerp het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Loopbaan_elders">Loopbaan elders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Baker&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Loopbaan elders" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Baker&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Loopbaan elders"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baker het Suid-Afrika in 1912 verlaat om saam met Sir <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Lutyens" title="Edwin Lutyens">Edwin Lutyens</a> aan die nuwe parlementsgeboue in <a href="/wiki/Nieu-Delhi" title="Nieu-Delhi">Nieu-Delhi</a> te werk en om in <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a> te praktiseer. Sy werke in Engeland (en elders) het egter steeds 'n Suid-Afrikaanse tema gehad; hy het die Suid-Afrika-huis in Londen, die Rhodes-huis in Oxford en die Suid-Afrikaanse gedenkteken by Delvillebos aan die Somme in Frankryk ontwerp. Sy prestasies is deur die monargie vereer en is hy in 1923 tot ridder geslaan. </p><p>Baker het op 4 Februarie 1946 op die ouderdom van 82 gesterf. Sy as is in die <a href="/wiki/Westminster-abdy" title="Westminster-abdy">Westminster-abdy</a> in Londen begrawe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nalatenskap">Nalatenskap</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Baker&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Nalatenskap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Baker&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Nalatenskap"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baker het 'n groot bydrae totdat die ontwikkeling van Suid-Afrikaanse boukunde gelewer deur sover moontlik slegs materiaal te gebruik wat in Suid-Afrika vervaardig is. Voor Baker was so iets haas ondenkbaar en was feitlik alle boumateriaal ingevoer, maar hy het bewys dat ook hout, glas en klip goeie boumateriaal is. Die Uniegebou is byna uitsluitlik van inheemse produkte gebou. Baker het nie slegs nuwe huise ontwerp nie, maar ook 'n aantal skemas vir stadsbeplanning gedoen. Hy het nuwe kerke, veral Anglikaanse kerke, ontwerp, maar ook 'n reuse aantal beskadigde kerke gerestoureer. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lys_van_werke">Lys van werke</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Baker&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Lys van werke" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Baker&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Lys van werke"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Rhodes_memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Rhodes_memorial.jpg/220px-Rhodes_memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Rhodes_memorial.jpg/330px-Rhodes_memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Rhodes_memorial.jpg/440px-Rhodes_memorial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Die <a href="/wiki/Rhodes-gedenkteken" title="Rhodes-gedenkteken">Rhodes-gedenkteken</a> in Kaapstad</figcaption></figure> <p>Hier volg sommige van Herbert Baker se werke. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhodes-gedenkteken" title="Rhodes-gedenkteken">Rhodes-gedenkteken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a>, 1905</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reserwebank&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Reserwebank (bladsy bestaan nie)">Reserwebank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a>, 1930</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barclays_Bank&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Barclays Bank (bladsy bestaan nie)">Barclays Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a>, 1930</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marksgebou&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Marksgebou (bladsy bestaan nie)">Marksgebou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a></li> <li>Athol- en Inanda-huis, <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, 1902</li> <li>Huis van sir <a href="/wiki/Abe_Bailey" title="Abe Bailey">Abe Bailey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muizenberg" title="Muizenberg">Muizenberg</a></li> <li>Huis van sir <a href="/wiki/George_Herbert_Farrar" title="George Herbert Farrar">George Farrar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li>Huis van sir <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drummond_Chaplin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Drummond Chaplin (bladsy bestaan nie)">Drummond Chaplin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li>Suid-Afrikaanse Instituut vir Mediese Navorsing, <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>, 1912</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlement" title="Parlement">Parlementsgebou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a> (omgewerk) 1909</li> <li>Pretoriase stasie, 1909</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniegebou" title="Uniegebou">Uniegebou</a>, 1909</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ho%C3%ABr_Seunskool_Wynberg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoër Seunskool Wynberg (bladsy bestaan nie)">Hoër Seunskool Wynberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a></li> <li>St. Boniface Anglikaanse Kerk, <a href="/wiki/Germiston" title="Germiston">Germiston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale-kollege" title="Dale-kollege">Dale-kollege</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_William%27s_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="King William&#39;s Town">King William's Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey-kollege" title="Grey-kollege">Grey-kollege</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a></li> <li>Groot Constantia, <a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a></li> <li>McClean teleskoopgebou, Koninklike Observatorium, <a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michaelhouse&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michaelhouse (bladsy bestaan nie)">Michaelhouse</a> (skool), <a href="/wiki/Balgowan" class="mw-redirect" title="Balgowan">Balgowan</a>, <a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodes-universiteit" title="Rhodes-universiteit">Rhodes-universiteit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grahamstad" title="Grahamstad">Grahamstad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=St._John%27s-kollege&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="St. John&#39;s-kollege (bladsy bestaan nie)">St. John's-kollege</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Arcadia,_Parktown" title="Villa Arcadia, Parktown">Villa Arcadia, Parktown</a>, Johannesburg, 1909, vir sir <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Phillips" title="Lionel Phillips">Lionel</a> en lady <a href="/wiki/Florence_Phillips" title="Florence Phillips">Florence Phillips</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Baker&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Baker&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HAT_Taal-en-feitegids-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HAT_Taal-en-feitegids_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">HAT Taal-en-feitegids, Pearson, Desember 2013, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9781775782438" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-77578-243-8</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronne">Bronne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Baker&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Baker&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bronne"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Herbert_Baker" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Herbert Baker">Herbert Baker</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><i>Baker, Herbert (1862–1946) in Wêreldspektrum, volume 2. 1983 Ensiklopedie Afrikana: (EDMS) BPK.</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Rosenthal" title="Eric Rosenthal">Rosenthal, Eric</a>. (1966). Southern African Dictionary of National Biography. London: Frederick Warne &amp; Co. bls. 15.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&amp;#124;text-top_&amp;#124;10px_&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382771&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&amp;#124;text-top_&amp;#124;10px_&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382771&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382771" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" 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