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class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 44 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jean Buridan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jean Buridan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جان بوريدان – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جان بوريدان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%8A%D5%AB%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ժան Պիւրիտան – vestarmensk" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ժան Պիւրիտան" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="vestarmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Buridan" title="Jan Buridan – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Jan Buridan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%81_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%81" title="জঁ ব্যুরিদাঁ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জঁ ব্যুরিদাঁ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Жан Буридан – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жан Буридан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jean Buridan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jean Buridan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Buridan" title="Johannes Buridan – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Johannes Buridan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Ζαν Μπουριντάν – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζαν Μπουριντάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Jean Buridan" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jean Buridan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buridano" title="Buridano – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Buridano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jean Buridan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ژان بوریدان – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژان بوریدان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jean Buridan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jean Buridan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5_%EB%B7%94%EB%A6%AC%EB%8B%B9" title="장 뷔리당 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="장 뷔리당" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ժան Բուրիդան – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժան Բուրիդան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jean Buridan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jean Buridan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Buridano" title="Giovanni Buridano – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Giovanni Buridano" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%27%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%93%D7%9F" title="ז'אן בורידן – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ז'אן בורידן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Жан Буридиан – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жан Буридиан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Buridanus" title="Ioannes Buridanus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Buridanus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jean Buridan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Жан Буридан – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Жан Буридан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%BB" title="ജീൻ ബുരിഡൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജീൻ ബുരിഡൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جان بوريدان – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جان بوريدان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Buridanus" title="Johannes Buridanus – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Johannes Buridanus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%93%E3%83%A5%E3%83%AA%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3" title="ジャン・ビュリダン – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャン・ビュリダン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Buridan" title="Jan Buridan – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jan Buridan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jean Buridan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jean Buridan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Буридан, Жан – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Буридан, Жан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jean Buridan" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jean Buridan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Жан Буридан – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жан Буридан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jean Buridan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jean Buridan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Жан Бурідан – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жан Бурідан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Jean Buridan – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jean Buridan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AE%A9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E4%B8%B9" title="让·布里丹 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="让·布里丹" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q275500#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Buridan" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskusjon:Jean_Buridan&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskusjon om 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td{text-align:left;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.headercenter{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.hode th{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{text-align:center;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift td{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;background-color:#eee;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.geografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r24461009"><table class="infobox infoboks biografi fastbredde"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">Jean Buridan</th></tr> <tr class="bilde" valign="top"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Iohannes_Buridanus_(Paris_ca._1370,_Krak%C3%B3w_cod._BJ_1771,_fol._142v).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Iohannes_Buridanus_%28Paris_ca._1370%2C_Krak%C3%B3w_cod._BJ_1771%2C_fol._142v%29.jpg/250px-Iohannes_Buridanus_%28Paris_ca._1370%2C_Krak%C3%B3w_cod._BJ_1771%2C_fol._142v%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Iohannes_Buridanus_%28Paris_ca._1370%2C_Krak%C3%B3w_cod._BJ_1771%2C_fol._142v%29.jpg/375px-Iohannes_Buridanus_%28Paris_ca._1370%2C_Krak%C3%B3w_cod._BJ_1771%2C_fol._142v%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Iohannes_Buridanus_%28Paris_ca._1370%2C_Krak%C3%B3w_cod._BJ_1771%2C_fol._142v%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="484" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><span class="edit-props-marker edit-props-P1477 edit-props-P569 edit-props-P19">Født</span></th><td colspan="2">ca. <span><a href="/wiki/1295" title="1295">1295</a></span><span class="wb-edithandle" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275500?uselang=nb#P569" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9thune" title="Béthune">Béthune</a> (<a href="/wiki/Picardie" title="Picardie">Picardie</a>)</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><span class="edit-props-marker edit-props-P570 edit-props-P20 edit-props-P509">Død</span></th><td colspan="2">ca. <span><a href="/wiki/1358" title="1358">1358</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-hash-abaee6f70b7a3dcb79c16b9fa8df449c5989fea4_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-abaee6f70b7a3dcb79c16b9fa8df449c5989fea4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hash-e27955486b51f28969a1f1b97da8cfe337085ad7_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hash-e27955486b51f28969a1f1b97da8cfe337085ad7-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span class="wb-edithandle" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275500?uselang=nb#P570" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (<a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a>)</td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Beskjeftigelse</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Filosof" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosof">Filosof</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teolog" title="Teolog">teolog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Professor" title="Professor">professor</a>, logiker, geistlig, <a href="/wiki/Skribent_(beskjeftigelse)" class="mw-redirect" title="Skribent (beskjeftigelse)">skribent</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275500?uselang=nb#P106" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Utdannet ved</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Universitetet_i_Paris" title="Universitetet i Paris">Universitetet i Paris, Sorbonne</a></td></tr><tr class="rad" valign="top"><th colspan="2" class="nowrap">Nasjonalitet</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kongeriket_Frankrike" title="Kongeriket Frankrike">Kongeriket Frankrike</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4"><hr /><div class="sentrert"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jean_Buridan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jean Buridan">Jean Buridan på Commons</a></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Aristotelis_De_anima.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Aristotelis_De_anima.jpg/250px-Aristotelis_De_anima.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="389" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Aristotelis_De_anima.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption><i>Expositio et quaestiones</i> i <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Anima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Anima (ikke skrevet ennå)">De Anima</a></i> av Jean Buridan (1362?)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Jean Buridan,</b> også kjent under den <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latinske</a> navneformen <i>Johannes Buridanus</i> (født ca <a href="/wiki/1295" title="1295">1295</a> i <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9thune" title="Béthune">Béthune</a> sør for <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> i <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a>, død <a href="/wiki/1358" title="1358">1358</a>, - muligens noe senere), var en fransk logiker og <a href="/wiki/Filosof" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosof">filosof</a>, utdannet i <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. </p><p>Han ble rektor <a href="/wiki/1327" title="1327">1327</a> i Paris. At han skulle ha blitt fordrevet fra byen for en kjærlighetsaffære med den franske dronningen er med sikkerhet en myte ettersom han hadde en høy stilling i byen mellom <a href="/wiki/1348" title="1348">1348</a> og <a href="/wiki/1358" title="1358">1358</a>. </p><p>Buridan begynte sin forskning med å undersøke <a href="/wiki/Treghet" title="Treghet">treghet</a> i et legeme fra et fysisk perspektiv, men gled vel mer over til å undersøke den fra en rent psykologisk synsvinkel. Hans kanskje mest kjente vitenskapelige bidrag var en ny bevegelseseteori som brøt med den etablerte aristoteliske, ifølge det var luft satt i bevegelse som drev kastede eller skutte prosjektiler framover. Buridan mente at dette var feil og innførte i stedet begrepet <i>impetus</i> og hevdet at dette var en kraft fra f.eks. en bueskytters hånd som via buestrengen ble overført til pilen. Det som svekket impetus og som til slutt fikk pilen til å falle ned var ifølge Buridan luftens friksjon. Denne teori ble alment akseptert ved de store europeiske lærestoler og holdt stillingen som den ledende teori om bevegelse et stykke inn på 1600-tallet. Impetus var et stort skritt på vei mot prinsippet Newton beskrev som <a href="/wiki/Inerti" class="mw-redirect" title="Inerti">inerti</a> og mot <a href="/wiki/Newtons_f%C3%B8rste_lov" class="mw-redirect" title="Newtons første lov">Newtons treghetslov</a>. </p><p>For astronomien foreslo han at også himmellegemene hadde impetus, siden de ikke møtte noen motstand kunne dette forklare deres bevegelser. Dette var et av de første forsøk på å anvende samme fysiske lover innenfor som utenfor månens bane. <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a> var vel kjent med Buridans teorier og eksperimenter da han begynte sitt eget arbeide. </p><p>Han forfattet <i>Summula de dialectica</i> eller <i>Compendium logic</i> (Paris, 1487), og skrev også <i>Politikk</i>, <i>Etikk</i> og andre verk i sann <a href="/wiki/Aristotelisk" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristotelisk">aristotelisk</a> ånd, men han holdt seg unna <a href="/wiki/Teologi" title="Teologi">teologi</a>. </p><p>Trass i at han var beundrer og etterfølger av <a href="/wiki/William_av_Ockham" title="William av Ockham">William av Ockham</a>, var Buridan en konsekvent nominalist og egnet seg derfor særlig mye til etiske og psykologiske spørsmål, der han utviklet en karakteristisk forening av skeptisisme og dogmatisme. Han forsvarte <a href="/wiki/Nominalismen" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominalismen">nominalismen</a> men tok avstand fra Ockhams ytterligheter. Han ble berømt for sine undersøkelser av <a href="/wiki/Den_fri_vilje" class="mw-redirect" title="Den fri vilje">den fri vilje</a>, men hans verk inneholder mer av kreative forklaringer enn av klare fastleggelser, så det er ut ifra dem vanskelig å si om han var <a href="/wiki/Determinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Determinist">determinist</a> eller <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indeterminist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indeterminist (ikke skrevet ennå)">indeterminist</a>. Hans <a href="/wiki/Psykologi" title="Psykologi">psykologi</a> tillot ikke at beslutninger ble fattet uten at de var forståndsmessig velmotivert avveide. </p><p>Han gav oss <a href="/wiki/Aforisme" title="Aforisme">aforismen</a> om <i>Eselet mellom høystakkene</i> – <a href="/wiki/Buridans_esel" title="Buridans esel">Buridans esel</a> (i hans tekster var det egentlig hunder) – eselet som av ubesluttsomhet sulter i hjel mellom to identisk like høystakker. At menneskets valg bestemmes av hva som det oppfatter som å være det større gode, fører til at et menneske som stilles mellom to like attraktive alternativer kommer til å forsmekte i evig ubesluttsomhet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Buridan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Buridan&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hash-abaee6f70b7a3dcb79c16b9fa8df449c5989fea4-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-abaee6f70b7a3dcb79c16b9fa8df449c5989fea4_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jean-Buridan">www.britannica.com</a><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hash-e27955486b51f28969a1f1b97da8cfe337085ad7-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hash-e27955486b51f28969a1f1b97da8cfe337085ad7_2-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"> <span><span>EB-11 / Buridan, Jean</span></span><sup><small>[Hentet fra Wikidata]</small></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Buridan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Buridan&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Michael Nordberg: <i>Den dynamiska medeltiden</i>, Stockholm, 1984.</li> <li>Marcello Landi: «Un contributo allo studio della scienza nel Medio Evo. Il trattato Il cielo e il mondo di Giovanni Buridano e un confronto con alcune posizioni di Tommaso d'Aquino», i <i>Divus Thomas</i> 110/2 (2007) 151-185.</li> <li>Christopher M. Linton: <i>Eudoxus to Einstein. A History of Mathematical Astronomy</i>, Cambridge, 2004, s. 115.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Buridan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Buridan&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/buridan/">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philosophypages.com/dy/b9.htm#buri">Philosophical Dictionary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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