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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Front yard</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99edzahr%C3%A1dka" title="Předzahrádka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Předzahrádka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorgarten" title="Vorgarten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vorgarten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eesaed" title="Eesaed – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Eesaed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%9E%EB%9C%B0" title="앞뜰 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="앞뜰" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaman_depan" title="Halaman depan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Halaman depan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virg%C3%A4ertchen" title="Virgäertchen – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Virgäertchen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veurtune" title="Veurtune – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Veurtune" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forhage" title="Forhage – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Forhage" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Палисадник – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Палисадник" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a 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</nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/774_Redbud_Lane_Greenwood_Indiana.jpg/275px-774_Redbud_Lane_Greenwood_Indiana.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/774_Redbud_Lane_Greenwood_Indiana.jpg/413px-774_Redbud_Lane_Greenwood_Indiana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/774_Redbud_Lane_Greenwood_Indiana.jpg/550px-774_Redbud_Lane_Greenwood_Indiana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="1031" /></a><figcaption>A typical suburban front yard in mid-1980s <a href="/wiki/Greenwood,_Indiana" title="Greenwood, Indiana">Greenwood, Indiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On a <a href="/wiki/Residential_area" title="Residential area">residential area</a>, a <b>front yard</b> (United States, Canada, Australia) or <b>front garden</b> (United Kingdom, Europe) is the portion of land between the <a href="/wiki/Street" title="Street">street</a> and the front of the <a href="/wiki/House" title="House">house</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If it is covered in grass, it may be referred to as a <b>front lawn</b>. The area behind the house, usually more private, is the <a href="/wiki/Back_yard" class="mw-redirect" title="Back yard">back yard</a> or back garden. <a href="/wiki/Yard_(land)" title="Yard (land)">Yard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Garden" title="Garden">garden</a> share an etymology and have overlapping meanings. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maison_(Br%C3%A9ca,_Saint-Lyphard)_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Maison_%28Br%C3%A9ca%2C_Saint-Lyphard%29_%282%29.jpg/220px-Maison_%28Br%C3%A9ca%2C_Saint-Lyphard%29_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Maison_%28Br%C3%A9ca%2C_Saint-Lyphard%29_%282%29.jpg/330px-Maison_%28Br%C3%A9ca%2C_Saint-Lyphard%29_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Maison_%28Br%C3%A9ca%2C_Saint-Lyphard%29_%282%29.jpg/440px-Maison_%28Br%C3%A9ca%2C_Saint-Lyphard%29_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption>Front garden in France</figcaption></figure> <p>In North America, front yards, which normally include considerable driveway and parking space, tend to be mostly lawn even when large,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but in Europe they are often treated as a <a href="/wiki/Flower_garden" title="Flower garden">flower garden</a> and may be heavily planted.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In North American <a href="/wiki/Suburbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Suburbia">suburbia</a>, there may be no physical barriers marking the front and sides of the plot, which would be very unusual in Europe,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> where there are generally walls, fences or hedges on three sides of the garden.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_yard&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hulshout_Woning_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Hulshout_Woning_02.jpg/220px-Hulshout_Woning_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Hulshout_Woning_02.jpg/330px-Hulshout_Woning_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Hulshout_Woning_02.jpg/440px-Hulshout_Woning_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Front garden in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></figcaption></figure> <p>While the front yard's counterpart, the <a href="/wiki/Backyard" title="Backyard">backyard</a>, is often dominated by utilitarian features like <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetable garden">vegetable gardens</a>, tool <a href="/wiki/Shed" title="Shed">sheds</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Clothes_line" title="Clothes line">clothes lines</a>, the front yard is often a combination <a href="/wiki/Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">decorative feature</a> and recreation area.<sup id="cite_ref-between_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-between-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is more commonly landscaped for display and is the usual place for display elements such as <a href="/wiki/Garden_gnome" title="Garden gnome">garden gnomes</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Plastic_flamingo" title="Plastic flamingo">plastic flamingos</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Shrine#Yard_shrines" title="Shrine">yard shrines</a> such as "<a href="/wiki/Bathtub_Madonna" title="Bathtub Madonna">bathtub Madonnas</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An article on London suburbs describes a "model" front garden in <a href="/wiki/Kenton,_London" title="Kenton, London">Kenton</a>: "The grass ... is neatly mown. There is a flowering cherry and a privet hedge, behind which lurks a plaster gnome."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Depending on climate, local planning regulations or size, a front yard may feature a <a href="/wiki/Lawn" title="Lawn">lawn</a> or <a href="/wiki/Grass" class="mw-redirect" title="Grass">grassed</a> area, a <a href="/wiki/Driveway" title="Driveway">driveway</a> or <a href="/wiki/Footpath" title="Footpath">footpath</a> or both and <a href="/wiki/Garden" title="Garden">gardens</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_patch" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetable patch">vegetable patch</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pot_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Pot plant">potted plants</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_styles">History and styles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_yard&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History and styles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_yard&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brewarrina_house.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Brewarrina_house.jpg/275px-Brewarrina_house.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Brewarrina_house.jpg/413px-Brewarrina_house.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Brewarrina_house.jpg/550px-Brewarrina_house.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The fenced front yard of a house in <a href="/wiki/Brewarrina" title="Brewarrina">Brewarrina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, with an <a href="/wiki/Australiana" title="Australiana">Australiana</a> painted-tyre-<a href="/wiki/Swan" title="Swan">swan</a> <a href="/wiki/Lawn_ornament" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawn ornament">lawn ornament</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The history of the Australian front yard is said to have begun with a regulation enacted in <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> in 1829 mandating that new houses be built at least 14 ft (4.3 m) from the street to ensure <a href="/wiki/Setback_(land_use)" title="Setback (land use)">adequate space</a> in front of each house for a garden.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the early 1900s, the front yard had become an accepted, "buffer between the private home and the public street". Australians adopted the American ideal of front yards without fences to create "park-like" streets and <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburb</a>-wide efforts were undertaken to remove fences and thereby encourage good neighbourly relationships and discourage anti-social behaviour and crime.<sup id="cite_ref-troy_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-troy-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Daceyville,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Daceyville, New South Wales">Daceyville</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> was the first suburb where fencing was systematically removed and soon <a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">public housing</a> organisations in other states followed the trend. Some even encouraged front yard beautification by running competitions with cash prizes.<sup id="cite_ref-troy_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-troy-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the construction of Australia's planned capital, <a href="/wiki/Canberra" title="Canberra">Canberra</a>, (in the late 1920s) the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Capital_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Capital Commission">Federal Capital Commission</a> provided government <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidies</a> to encourage new residents to regularly maintain their front yards.<sup id="cite_ref-troy_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-troy-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1950s, there was a clear delineation between front and back yards.<sup id="cite_ref-troy_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-troy-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was also, by then, a very clear street-view approach to garden design with the house façade and front yard considered in unison; to "view the whole effect from the street".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_yard&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Contemporary_home_in_Richmond,_BC.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Contemporary_home_in_Richmond%2C_BC.JPG/275px-Contemporary_home_in_Richmond%2C_BC.JPG" decoding="async" width="275" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Contemporary_home_in_Richmond%2C_BC.JPG/413px-Contemporary_home_in_Richmond%2C_BC.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Contemporary_home_in_Richmond%2C_BC.JPG/550px-Contemporary_home_in_Richmond%2C_BC.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>A 1970s-built home with cedar panelling and a front yard with a large section of lawn and a tall-tree border in <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_British_Columbia" title="Richmond, British Columbia">Richmond, British Columbia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The development and history of Canadian front yards generally followed early American trends but diverged in the early 1900s. </p><p>In the 1920s and 30s, zoning laws were introduced for growing cities like <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>. The regulations stipulated minimum front yard "depth" for new houses and ensured home builders shunned the "<a href="/wiki/Tenement" title="Tenement">tenement</a> house evil" of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In many parts of Canada, lower average temperatures and a more pronounced want for privacy led to the increased popularity of tall trees at the side borders of housing blocks, framing the house and front yard. These provided wind breaks in winter and shade in the summer.<sup id="cite_ref-ward_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ward-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lawn ornaments were less common in pre and <a href="/wiki/Post-war" title="Post-war">post-war</a> Canada than in the United States and a large well-kept tract of "featureless" <a href="/wiki/Lawn" title="Lawn">lawn</a> was popular with many middle-class Canadians.<sup id="cite_ref-ward_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ward-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the post-war era, suburban Canada gained its own distinctive architectural styles and this extended to front yards and gardens. Rather than the stark white façades of stately American houses, wealthy Canadians of the 60s and 70s showed a preference for wood, in particular "diagonal <a href="/wiki/Cedar_wood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cedar wood">cedar</a> panelling". To match that trend, front yards of such houses were often paved to match the entrances of modern city buildings; "no elite home of the 1970s was complete without a front yard of interlocking brick".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As in other cultures, Canadian front yards became areas of socialisation between the public street and the private home; a space for <a href="/wiki/Street_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Street party">street parties</a>, family <a href="/wiki/Barbecue" title="Barbecue">barbecues</a> and neighbourly conversation.<sup id="cite_ref-ward_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ward-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_yard&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hammershusvej,_Sandvig_2010_front_gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Hammershusvej%2C_Sandvig_2010_front_gardens.jpg/275px-Hammershusvej%2C_Sandvig_2010_front_gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Hammershusvej%2C_Sandvig_2010_front_gardens.jpg/413px-Hammershusvej%2C_Sandvig_2010_front_gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Hammershusvej%2C_Sandvig_2010_front_gardens.jpg/550px-Hammershusvej%2C_Sandvig_2010_front_gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>A row of front gardens on the <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Danish</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Bornholm" title="Bornholm">Bornholm</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PRIVATE_TERRACE_ON_THE_STREET_in_Dr%C3%B8bak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/PRIVATE_TERRACE_ON_THE_STREET_in_Dr%C3%B8bak.jpg/220px-PRIVATE_TERRACE_ON_THE_STREET_in_Dr%C3%B8bak.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/PRIVATE_TERRACE_ON_THE_STREET_in_Dr%C3%B8bak.jpg/330px-PRIVATE_TERRACE_ON_THE_STREET_in_Dr%C3%B8bak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/PRIVATE_TERRACE_ON_THE_STREET_in_Dr%C3%B8bak.jpg/440px-PRIVATE_TERRACE_ON_THE_STREET_in_Dr%C3%B8bak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4824" data-file-height="3152" /></a><figcaption>Small front garden in <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In many parts of Europe, the space in question is referred to as a <b>front garden</b>. </p><p>The earliest form of front garden was the open <a href="/wiki/Courtyard" title="Courtyard">courtyard</a> popular with <a href="/wiki/Spanish_nobility" title="Spanish nobility">Spanish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_nobility" title="Italian nobility">Italian</a> nobility. As housing evolved, so too did gardens and façades. Enclosed courtyards were surpassed in popularity by the large manicured gardens of <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_people" class="mw-redirect" title="German people">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> palaces and stately homes. These traditions were carried by the Europeans to the Americas where courtyards remained popular among <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">Spanish settlers</a> in <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a> while productive cottage gardens became commonplace among Dutch settlers and <a href="/wiki/Pilgrims_(Plymouth_Colony)" title="Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)">English pilgrims</a> in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As suburbs developed around major European cities, the attitude to <a href="/wiki/Privacy" title="Privacy">privacy</a>, and by extension to front gardens, was decidedly different from that of the British. As one <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a> commentator highlighted (in the 1950s):<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch language</a> has no word that expresses the English concept of 'privacy': the right to be alone. It is not without reason that the English language has such a word and ours has not. It is a difference rooted in national character, and it can also be recognised in other places. We have low fences around almost every garden and yard, for example, but the English like high walls and hedges around their gardens, lest passers-by can look inside.</p></blockquote> <p>In older cities and townships (with houses built several centuries earlier) front gardens are far less common, with front doors providing residents with access direct to the street. In these cases, <a href="/wiki/Flower_box" title="Flower box">planter boxes</a> and micro-gardens have become popular as a way of "greening" façades that would otherwise be without plants; elements that make a, "significant contribution to the quality of the environment".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_yard&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Catton_Cottages.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Old_Catton_Cottages.JPG/275px-Old_Catton_Cottages.JPG" decoding="async" width="275" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Old_Catton_Cottages.JPG/413px-Old_Catton_Cottages.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Old_Catton_Cottages.JPG/550px-Old_Catton_Cottages.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption>The densely planted front gardens of terrace cottages in <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a>, England.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>, the space in question is referred to as a <b>front garden</b>. </p><p>Urban housing in the United Kingdom originally had no separation between the house front and the street. The introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Byelaw_terraced_house" title="Byelaw terraced house">byelaw terraced house</a>, a type of dwelling built to comply with the <a href="/wiki/Public_Health_Act_1875" title="Public Health Act 1875">Public Health Act 1875</a>, raised the standards of accommodation. The provision of a front garden in new houses became common practice during the second half of the 19th century as part of the Domestic Revival style within <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian architecture</a>: "to provide for the majority of new, even fairly modest, houses, a small front garden or paved forecourt, and a garden or yard at the back".<sup id="cite_ref-long_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-long-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Front gardens were "commonplace" for new residences by the 1870s.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The front garden was "largely ornamental" and initially more important than the back, which was sometimes eliminated to allow more space for service areas.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fairly standard layout was adopted with a stone or brick wall to emulate the "grandeur of approach and walled privacy of large houses" and a straight path from the gate to the front door.<sup id="cite_ref-long_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-long-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often, the <a href="/wiki/Cottage_garden" title="Cottage garden">cottage garden</a> style of thick planting of mixed types of flowers was adopted. This supposedly originated in the gardens of rural <a href="/wiki/Cottage" title="Cottage">cottages</a>, where front gardens had long been common. In the houses of the working class, the small rear garden was often more functional, as a space for drying clothes, having children play and the like, and any efforts at ornamental gardening took place in the front garden. </p><p>Early in the 20th century, housing developments influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Garden_city_movement" title="Garden city movement">garden city movement</a>, initiated by <a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Howard" title="Ebenezer Howard">Ebenezer Howard</a> in 1898, featured detached houses with undivided "communal grass areas" in front of them.<sup id="cite_ref-alexander_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alexander-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In essence, the houses shared a front garden. </p><p>However, outside these developments the dominant form of new housing in the United Kingdom until after World War II, especially in London, was the <a href="/wiki/Semi-detached" title="Semi-detached">semi-detached</a>, which superseded the previous dominant terraced house and where a garden was part of the ideal.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The front garden, smaller than the back, was separated from the street by a lower wall than in the Victorian house; some developers planted hedges and provided instructions on their care.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gardening was a widely shared hobby and source of pride; developers sometimes prepared the front garden (almost never the back) as an inducement to buy, and sometimes held contests for the best front garden.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, since the houses were not always provided with garages, as motor vehicles became more common, the front garden was increasingly often used as a car parking area or enclosed by a garage.<sup id="cite_ref-alexander_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alexander-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Great Depression in the United Kingdom">Great Depression</a>, local authorities encouraged families to grow produce in their own front gardens, thereby increasing community food supplies. Gardening was introduced in some schools, and towns introduced competitions and awards for attractive and productive front gardens.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (See <a href="/wiki/Dig_for_victory" class="mw-redirect" title="Dig for victory">Dig for victory</a>.) </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Post-war" title="Post-war">post-war</a> era of the 1950s and 60s, many of those front garden areas used for parking were <a href="/wiki/Pavers_(flooring)" title="Pavers (flooring)">paved over</a> and became mini-<a href="/wiki/Driveway" title="Driveway">driveways</a>. This trend also became more common as professional gardeners became less common, thus increasing the need for home owners to maintain what was often a very small section of lawn or planted garden.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_yard&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spinks_House_(front_elevation,_facing_southwest).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Spinks_House_%28front_elevation%2C_facing_southwest%29.jpg/275px-Spinks_House_%28front_elevation%2C_facing_southwest%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Spinks_House_%28front_elevation%2C_facing_southwest%29.jpg/413px-Spinks_House_%28front_elevation%2C_facing_southwest%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Spinks_House_%28front_elevation%2C_facing_southwest%29.jpg/550px-Spinks_House_%28front_elevation%2C_facing_southwest%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The front yard of the 1909-built, <a href="/wiki/Greene_and_Greene" title="Greene and Greene">Greene and Greene</a>-designed <a href="/wiki/Spinks_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinks house">Spinks house</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>As <a href="/wiki/Residential_area" title="Residential area">residential areas</a> were <a href="/wiki/Subdivision_(land)" title="Subdivision (land)">subdivided</a> and <a href="/wiki/Property_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Property development">developed</a> during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the "suburban ideal" demanded large front yards, "dominated" by the <a href="/wiki/Facade" class="mw-redirect" title="Facade">facades</a> of the houses they bounded.<sup id="cite_ref-between_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-between-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The size of new front yards gradually decreased during the second half of the 20th century as houses were built closer and closer to the front of housing blocks.<sup id="cite_ref-between_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-between-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1870s, <a href="/wiki/Lawn_ornament" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawn ornament">lawn ornaments</a> became a popular front yard feature, with <a href="/wiki/Wrought_iron" title="Wrought iron">wrought iron</a> <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bird_bath" title="Bird bath">bird baths</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gazebo" title="Gazebo">gazebos</a> being particularly popular. Throughout the 1880s and 90s, <a href="/wiki/Wicker" title="Wicker">wicker</a> lawn furniture became popular before being replaced in the early 1900s by <a href="/wiki/Nursery_rhyme" title="Nursery rhyme">nursery rhyme</a> character and animal ornaments.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Post-war" title="Post-war">post-war</a> period, <a href="/wiki/Kitsch" title="Kitsch">kitsch</a> ornaments including <a href="/wiki/Plastic_flamingo" title="Plastic flamingo">plastic flamingoes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Garden_gnome" title="Garden gnome">garden gnomes</a> became popular. </p><p>During the 1930s a new <i>American Style</i> took hold, inspired by the architectural designs of <a href="/wiki/Frank_Lloyd_Wright" title="Frank Lloyd Wright">Frank Lloyd Wright</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Maybeck" title="Bernard Maybeck">Bernard Maybeck</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greene_and_Greene" title="Greene and Greene">Greene and Greene</a>; "informality, naturalness, interlocking indoor-outdoor design, greatly reduced flower-beds, privacy for outdoor recreation and leisure...".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Local_ordinances" class="mw-redirect" title="Local ordinances">Local ordinances</a> determine what owners and residents can and cannot do in their front yards. In recent times, <a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">sustainability</a> enthusiasts and practitioners have attempted to use their front yards to grow organic produce, in violation of existing codes. In <a href="/wiki/Orlando,_Florida" title="Orlando, Florida">Orlando, Florida</a>, for example, city codes set standards for front yard ground covering and prescribe <a href="/wiki/Lawn" title="Lawn">lawns</a> only. Residents there have received citations for breaching the code by growing vegetable gardens and are currently fighting to have the ordinances amended.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The illegality of growing vegetables in the front yard first received public attention due to the Oak Park incident<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2011. The "Urban Farming Guidebook — Planning for the Business of Growing Food in BC's Towns & Cities" <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provides an explanation to this recurring phenomenon "The Garden City model embraced food production and its systems as key elements of community design. However, the race to the single use zoned suburbs did not include food production as part of the design of suburbs....urban farming was excluded from our lists of permitted uses and such farming became non-conforming or simply illegal uses which, if they were lucky, avoided bylaw attention". </p><p>Since the early 2000s, once-common front yard "accoutrements" (like <a href="/wiki/Backboard_(basketball)" title="Backboard (basketball)">basketball rings</a> on <a href="/wiki/Garage_(residential)" title="Garage (residential)">garages</a>) are becoming less common; many are now prohibited by local government ordinances.<sup id="cite_ref-between_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-between-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_yard&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/32px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/48px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Big_single-family_home_2.jpg/64px-Big_single-family_home_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="604" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Housing" title="Portal:Housing">Housing portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/32px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/48px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/64px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3294" data-file-height="2227" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Gardens">Gardens portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backyard" title="Backyard">Backyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Back garden">Back garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Yards_in_Bloom" title="Front Yards in Bloom">Front Yards in Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setback_(land_use)" title="Setback (land use)">Setback (land use)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_garden_types" title="List of garden types">List of garden types</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_yard&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pColrp6FyIoC"><i>The Language of Real Estate</i></a> by John W. Reilly (Dearborn Real Estate, 2000) [5th edition] p. 436</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-between-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-between_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-between_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-between_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-between_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f1o4bAdQigcC"><i>The Spaces Between Buildings</i></a> by Larry Ford (<a href="/wiki/JHU_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="JHU Press">JHU Press</a>, 2000)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30035139"><i>Folklore</i> 115:1, April 2004</a>, front-page photograph of a front garden display of garden gnomes in <a href="/wiki/Llanberis" title="Llanberis">Llanberis</a>, North Wales</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Flamingo in the Garden: American Yard Art and the Vernacular Landscape</i> by Colleen J. Sheehy (<a href="/wiki/Garland_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Garland Publishing">Garland Publishing</a>, 1998)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wjRehKwGdgEC&dq=plastic+flamingo+front+yard&pg=PA225"><i>South Florida Folklife</i></a> by Tina Bucuvalas, Peggy A. Bulger, and <a href="/wiki/Stetson_Kennedy" title="Stetson Kennedy">Stetson Kennedy</a> (University Press of Mississippi, 1994) p. 225: "Bringing home a plastic flamingo for the front yard is as much a part of a South Florida vacation ..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3514304">"Yard Shrines and Sidewalk Altars of New York's Italian-Americans"</a> by Joseph Sciorra, <i>Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture</i> 3 (1989) 185–98: such shrines are also placed on the stoop and sidewalk on feast days.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1316307?seq=5&Search=yes&searchText=gnome&searchText=%22front+garden%22&list=show&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3D%2522front%2Bgarden%2522%2Bgnome%26Search%3DSearch%26gw%3Djtx%26prq%3D%2522front%2Bgarden%2522%26hp%3D25%26acc%3Don%26aori%3Da%26wc%3Don%26fc%3Doff%26swp%3Don&prevSearch=&item=3&ttl=3&returnArticleService=showFullText&resultsServiceName=null">"Non-Plan Revisited: Or the Real Way Cities Grow: The Tenth Reyner Banham Memorial Lecture"</a> by Paul Barker, <i>Journal of Design History</i> 12:2 (1999) p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fX9RAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Front Garden: The Story of the Cottage Garden in Australia</i></a> by Victor Crittenden (Mulini Press, 1979)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-troy-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-troy_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-troy_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-troy_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-troy_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WTYYYrLKn1MC"><i>A History of European Housing in Australia</i></a> by Patrick Troy (<a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 2000)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?ei=ji15UZGqMYWUiQLiqIHQCw&"><i>Australia's quarter acre: the story of the ordinary suburban garden</i></a> by Peter Timms (<a href="/wiki/Miegunyah_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Miegunyah Press">Miegunyah Press</a>, 2006)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OXpuDYCaeucC"><i>Canadian City: Essays in Urban and Social History</i></a> by Gilbert Stelter, Alan Françis Joseph Artibise (<a href="/wiki/McGill-Queen%27s_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="McGill-Queen's University Press">McGill-Queen's University Press</a>, 1984)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ward-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ward_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ward_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ward_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gf-H4jZOJzQC"><i>A History of Domestic Space: Privacy and the Canadian Home</i></a> by Peter Ward (<a href="/wiki/UBC_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="UBC Press">UBC Press</a>, 1999)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=86Bchp8gN_AC"><i>The Canadian Home: From Cave to Electronic Cocoon</i></a> by Marc Denhez (<a href="/wiki/Dundurn_Press" title="Dundurn Press">Dundurn</a>, 1994)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i0Kml29rA8kC"><i>The Front Garden: New Approaches to Landscape Design</i></a> by Mary Riley Smith (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2001)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fjM8piFnEFQC"><i>Informalization: Manners and Emotions Since 1890</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Cas_Wouters" title="Cas Wouters">Cas Wouters</a> (<a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE</a>, 2007)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xM2woJIr_WQC"><i>Home zones: a planning and design handbook</i></a> by Mike Biddulph (<a href="/wiki/The_Policy_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="The Policy Press">The Policy Press</a>, 2001)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-long-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-long_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-long_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OaDB3nGtc14C"><i>The Edwardian House: The Middle-class Home in Britain, 1880–1914</i></a> by Helen Long (<a href="/wiki/Manchester_University_Press" title="Manchester University Press">Manchester University Press</a>, 1993)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The English Terraced House</i> by Stefan Muthesius (<a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>, 1982), pp. 247–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=He2WfcVi58sC"><i>City Trees: A Historical Geography from the Renaissance Through the Nineteenth Century</i></a> by Henry W. Lawrence (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia_Press" title="University of Virginia Press">University of Virginia Press</a>, 2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Muthesius, pp. 77, 144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alexander-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-alexander_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alexander_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ka5xIIAWjtwC"><i>Britain's New Towns: Garden Cities to Sustainable Communities</i></a> by Anthony Alexander (<a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 2009)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Semi-Detached London: Suburban Development, Life and Transport, 1900–39</i> by Alan A. Jackson (<a href="/wiki/Allen_%26_Unwin#George_Allen_&_Unwin_in_the_UK" title="Allen & Unwin">George Allen & Unwin</a>, 1973) pp. 149–50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson, pp. 128, 150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson, p. 211.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zMHlXBtcDA4C"><i>Working Class Cultures in Britain, 1890–1960: Gender, Class and Ethnicity</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Bourke" title="Joanna Bourke">Joanna Bourke</a> (<a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 2002)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_NENAAAAQAAJ"><i>This is Britain</i></a> by Coralyn Bradshaw (<a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>, 1962)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U3rJxPYT32MC"><i>The guide to United States popular culture</i></a> by Ray B. Browne & Pat Browne (<a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green_State_University" title="Bowling Green State University">BGSU Popular Press</a>, 2001) [with Fred E. H. Schroeder]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sCJ4SG87I50C"><i>Front yard America: the evolution and meanings of a vernacular domestic landscape</i></a> by Fred E.H. Schroeder (<a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green_State_University" title="Bowling Green State University">BGSU Popular Press</a>, 1993)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/20/garden/gardeners-fight-with-neighbors-and-city-hall-over-their-lawns.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0"><i>The Battlefront in the Front Yard</i></a> by Steven Kurtz (<a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>, 19 December 2012)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBass" class="citation web cs1">Bass, Julie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oakparkhatesveggies.wordpress.com/about/">"oak park hates veggies"</a>. <i>oakparkhatesveggies</i>. wordpress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oakparkhatesveggies&rft.atitle=oak+park+hates+veggies&rft.aulast=Bass&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foakparkhatesveggies.wordpress.com%2Fabout%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFront+yard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchan" class="citation book cs1">Buchan, Rob. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.refbc.com/sites/default/files/Urban-Farming-Guidebook-2013.pdf"><i>Urban Farming Guidebook</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. 1. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urban+Farming+Guidebook&rft.pages=1&rft.aulast=Buchan&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.refbc.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FUrban-Farming-Guidebook-2013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFront+yard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Front_yard&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Front_gardens" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Front gardens">Front gardens</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bPKaNwAACAAJ"><i>The Average Yard</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Botanic_Garden#Cranford_Rose_Garden" title="Brooklyn Botanic Garden">Harold A. Caparn</a> (1937)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ITu0NAEACAAJ"><i>The New American Front Yard: Kiss Your Grass Goodbye</i></a> by Sarah Carolyn Sutton (Tendril Press, 2013)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E8qkNwAACAAJ"><i>Front Yard Machines: Interpreting Cultural Landscapes</i></a> by Markus Lahtinen (Lightning Source, 2008)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4--btgAACAAJ"><i>Rediscovering and Recovering the Front Yard: A Study of Garden Yard Meaning and Owner Attitudes</i></a> by Gillian Jurkow (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Manitoba" title="University of Manitoba">University of Manitoba</a>, 2000)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Allotment_(gardening)" title="Allotment (gardening)">Allotment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arboretum" title="Arboretum">Arboretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_gardening" title="Butterfly gardening">Butterfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate-friendly_gardening" title="Climate-friendly gardening">Climate-friendly gardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_gardening" title="Community gardening">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_gardening" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest gardening">Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foodscaping" title="Foodscaping">Foodscaping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_intensive_gardening" title="French intensive gardening">French intensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden" title="Garden">Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_design" title="Garden design">Garden design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_garden_design" title="Computer-aided garden design">computer-aided</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundskeeping" title="Groundskeeping">Groundskeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_tool" title="Garden tool">Garden tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_wall" title="Green wall">Green wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_gardening" title="Guerrilla gardening">Guerrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_historic_gardens" title="Conservation and restoration of historic gardens">Historic conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_gardening" title="History of gardening">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_landscaping" title="Natural landscaping">Native</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parterre" title="Parterre">Parterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proplifting" title="Proplifting">Proplifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised-bed_gardening" title="Raised-bed gardening">Raised bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_foot_gardening" title="Square foot gardening">Square foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_gardening" title="Sustainable gardening">Sustainable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeriscaping" title="Xeriscaping">Xeriscaping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_garden_types" title="List of garden types">Types of<br />gardens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_garden" title="Alpine garden">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Gardens of ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardening_in_Australia" title="Gardening in Australia">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Back garden">Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_garden" title="Baroque garden">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_garden" title="Biblical garden">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bog_garden" title="Bog garden">Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">Botanical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottle_garden" title="Bottle garden">Bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_house" title="Butterfly house">Butterfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_gardens" title="Byzantine gardens">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cactus_garden" title="Cactus garden">Cactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Revival_garden" title="Colonial Revival garden">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Color garden">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_garden" title="Communal garden">Communal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garden_square" title="Garden square">Garden square</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_gardening" title="Community gardening">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_garden" title="Container garden">Container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottage_garden" title="Cottage garden">Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_garden" title="Dutch garden">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian garden">East Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_garden" title="Chinese garden">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingnan_garden" title="Lingnan garden">Cantonese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_garden" title="Japanese garden">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roji" title="Roji">Roji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese rock garden">Zen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_garden" title="Korean garden">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2n_non_b%E1%BB%99" title="Hòn non bộ">Vietnamese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_landscape_garden" title="English landscape garden">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharawadgi" title="Sharawadgi">Sharawadgi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernery" title="Fernery">Fernery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinampa" title="Chinampa">Floating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_garden" title="Flower garden">Flower</a></li> <li>French <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_formal_garden" title="French formal garden">formal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_landscape_garden" title="French landscape garden">landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_the_French_Renaissance" title="Gardens of the French Renaissance">Renaissance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_garden" title="German garden">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek gardens">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">Greenhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanging_garden_(cultivation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanging garden (cultivation)">Hanging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_garden" title="Islamic garden">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_garden" title="Italian Renaissance garden">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyhole_garden" title="Keyhole garden">Keyhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_garden" title="Kitchen garden">Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knot_garden" title="Knot garden">Knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_garden" title="Market garden">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_garden" title="Mary garden">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_garden" title="Medieval garden">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastic_garden" title="Monastic garden">Monastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_garden" title="Mughal garden">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard" title="Orchard">Orchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekarangan" title="Pekarangan">Indonesian home garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_gardens" title="Persian gardens">Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C4%81gh_(garden)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bāgh (garden)">Bāgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charbagh" title="Charbagh">Charbagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradise_garden" title="Paradise garden">Paradise</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physic_garden" title="Physic garden">Physic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasure_garden" title="Pleasure garden">Pleasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie#Prairie_garden" title="Prairie">Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollinator_garden" title="Pollinator garden">Pollinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_garden" title="Rain garden">Rain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_garden" title="Rock garden">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_gardens" title="Roman gardens">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_garden" title="Roof garden">Roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_garden" title="Rose garden">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_garden" title="Sacred garden">Sacred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_garden" title="School garden">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardening_in_Scotland" title="Gardening in Scotland">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_garden" title="Sculpture garden">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_garden" title="Sensory garden">Sensory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shade_garden" title="Shade garden">Shade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_garden" title="Shakespeare garden">Shakespeare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrubbery" title="Shrubbery">Shrubbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_garden" title="Spanish garden">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_garden" title="Tea garden">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_garden" title="Therapeutic garden">Therapeutic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_garden" title="Trial garden">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_garden" title="Tropical garden">Tropical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_garden" title="Victory garden">Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walled_garden" title="Walled garden">Walled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_garden" title="Water garden">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_garden" title="Wildlife garden">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_garden" title="Winter garden">Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo" title="Zoo">Zoological</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">Horticulture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permaculture" title="Permaculture">Permaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal-free_agriculture" title="Animal-free agriculture">stock-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture" title="Sustainable agriculture">sustainable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_agriculture" title="Urban agriculture">urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arboriculture" title="Arboriculture">Arboriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonsai" title="Bonsai">Bonsai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saikei" title="Saikei">Saikei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">Botany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companion_planting" title="Companion planting">Companion planting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop" title="Crop">Crop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_valuable_crops_and_livestock_products" title="List of most valuable crops and livestock products">most valuable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutting_(plant)" title="Cutting (plant)">Cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horticultural_flora" title="Horticultural flora">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriculture" title="Floriculture">Floriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floriculture_in_Canada" title="Floriculture in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriculture_in_Taiwan" title="Floriculture in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCgelkultur" title="Hügelkultur">Hügelkultur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomology" title="Pomology">Fruticulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_tree" title="Genetically modified tree">Genetically modified tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroculture">Hydroculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_horticulture" title="Indigenous horticulture">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercropping" title="Intercropping">Intercropping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">Landscape architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olericulture" title="Olericulture">Olericulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_breeding" title="Plant breeding">breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttings_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuttings (plant)">cuttings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-flowering" title="Free-flowering">free-flowering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_propagation" title="Plant propagation">propagation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drought_tolerance" title="Drought tolerance">drought tolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardiness_(plants)" title="Hardiness (plants)">hardiness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomology" title="Pomology">Pomology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postharvest_physiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Postharvest physiology">Postharvest physiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roguing" title="Roguing">Roguing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_horticulture" title="Tropical horticulture">Tropical</a></li> <li>Urban <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_agriculture" title="Urban agriculture">agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_horticulture" title="Urban horticulture">horticulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_forestry" title="Urban forestry">forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_reforestation" title="Urban reforestation">reforestation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoculture" title="Monoculture">Monoculture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organic_horticulture" title="Organic horticulture">Organic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodynamic_agriculture" title="Biodynamic agriculture">Biodynamic agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafting" title="Grafting">Grafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_organic_gardening_and_farming" title="Outline of organic gardening and farming">List of organic gardening and farming topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_organic_agriculture" title="Vegan organic agriculture">Vegan organic agriculture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plant protection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fungicide" title="Fungicide">Fungicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbicide" title="Herbicide">Herbicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_pesticide_articles" title="Index of pesticide articles">Index of pesticide articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fungicides" title="List of fungicides">List of fungicides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_insecticides" title="List of insecticides">List of insecticides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">Pesticide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_disease_forecasting" title="Plant disease forecasting">Plant disease forecasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruning" title="Pruning">Pruning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weed_control" title="Weed control">Weed control</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquamog" title="Aquamog">Aquamog weed remover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_orchard" title="Community orchard">Community orchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_garden_features" title="List of garden features">Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_design" title="Floral design">Floral design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floristry" title="Floristry">Floristry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikebana" title="Ikebana">Ikebana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundskeeping" title="Groundskeeping">Groundskeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_centre" title="Garden centre">Garden centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_tourism" title="Garden tourism">Garden tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gardens" title="List of gardens">List of gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_plants" title="Lists of plants">Lists of plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perennial" title="Perennial">Perennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_collecting" title="Plant collecting">Plant collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turf_management" title="Turf management">Turf management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/32px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/48px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/64px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3294" data-file-height="2227" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Gardening" title="Portal:Gardening">Gardening portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Horticulture" title="Category:Horticulture">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Horticulture" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Horticulture">Commons</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Horticulture_and_Gardening" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Horticulture and Gardening">WikiProject</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rooms_and_spaces_of_a_house" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Room" title="Template:Room"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Room" title="Template talk:Room"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Room" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Room"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rooms_and_spaces_of_a_house" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Room" title="Room">Rooms</a> and spaces of a <a href="/wiki/House" title="House">house</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_area" title="Common area">Shared rooms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonus_room" title="Bonus room">Bonus room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_room" title="Common room">Common room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_(room)" title="Den (room)">Den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dining_room" title="Dining room">Dining room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_room" title="Family room">Family room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garret" title="Garret">Garret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_room" title="Great room">Great room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_cinema" title="Home cinema">Home cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen" title="Kitchen">Kitchen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_kitchen" title="Dirty kitchen">dirty kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchenette" title="Kitchenette">kitchenette</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_room" title="Living room">Living room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynaeceum" title="Gynaeceum">Gynaeceum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harem" title="Harem">harem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andron_(architecture)" title="Andron (architecture)">Andron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man_cave" title="Man cave">man cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreation_room" title="Recreation room">Recreation room</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billiard_room" title="Billiard room">billiard room</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Study_(room)" title="Study (room)">Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunroom" title="Sunroom">Sunroom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private rooms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathroom" title="Bathroom">Bathroom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_(room)" title="Toilet (room)">toilet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedroom" title="Bedroom">Bedroom</a> / Guest room <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closet" title="Closet">closet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedsit" title="Bedsit">Bedsit / Miniflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boudoir" title="Boudoir">Boudoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(room)" title="Cabinet (room)">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursery_(room)" title="Nursery (room)">Nursery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atrium_(architecture)" title="Atrium (architecture)">Atrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balcony" title="Balcony">Balcony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breezeway" title="Breezeway">Breezeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversation_pit" title="Conversation pit">Conversation pit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubby-hole" title="Cubby-hole">Cubby-hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deck_(building)" title="Deck (building)">Deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">Elevator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dumbwaiter" title="Dumbwaiter">dumbwaiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entryway" class="mw-redirect" title="Entryway">Entryway</a>/<a href="/wiki/Genkan" title="Genkan">Genkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireplace" title="Fireplace">Fireplace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">hearth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobby_(room)" title="Lobby (room)">Foyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall" title="Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallway" title="Hallway">Hallway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inglenook" title="Inglenook">Inglenook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanai_(architecture)" title="Lanai (architecture)">Lanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loft" title="Loft">Loft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loggia" title="Loggia">Loggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhang_(architecture)" title="Overhang (architecture)">Overhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patio" title="Patio">Patio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porch" title="Porch">Porch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Screened_porch" title="Screened porch">screened</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_porch" title="Sleeping porch">sleeping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_ramp" title="Wheelchair ramp">Ramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_passage" title="Secret passage">Secret passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stairs" title="Stairs">Stairs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Staircase" title="Staircase">Staircase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(building)" title="Terrace (building)">Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veranda" title="Veranda">Veranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestibule_(architecture)" title="Vestibule (architecture)">Vestibule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Technical_room" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical room">Technical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utility_room" title="Utility room">utility</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Storage_room" title="Storage room">storage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attic" title="Attic">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basement" title="Basement">Basement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carport" title="Carport">Carport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloakroom" title="Cloakroom">Cloakroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closet" title="Closet">Closet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawl_space" title="Crawl space">Crawl space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_room" title="Electrical room">Electrical room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equipment_room" title="Equipment room">Equipment room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furnace_room" class="mw-redirect" title="Furnace room">Furnace room</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_room" title="Mechanical room">Boiler room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_(residential)" title="Garage (residential)">Garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janitorial_closet" class="mw-redirect" title="Janitorial closet">Janitorial closet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larder" title="Larder">Larder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laundry_room" title="Laundry room">Laundry room</a> / <a href="/wiki/Utility_room" title="Utility room">Utility room</a> / <a href="/wiki/Storage_room" title="Storage room">Storage room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_room" title="Mechanical room">Mechanical room</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_floor" title="Mechanical floor">floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantry" title="Pantry">Pantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root_cellar" title="Root cellar">Root cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-basement" title="Semi-basement">Semi-basement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_cellar" title="Storm cellar">Storm cellar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Safe_room" title="Safe room">Safe room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio" title="Studio">Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardrobe" title="Wardrobe">Wardrobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiring_closet" title="Wiring closet">Wiring closet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workshop" title="Workshop">Workshop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_house" title="Great house">Great house</a> areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antechamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Antechamber">Antechamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballroom" title="Ballroom">Ballroom</a></li> <li>Kitchen-related <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butler%27s_pantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Butler's pantry">butler's pantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttery_(room)" title="Buttery (room)">buttery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saucery" title="Saucery">saucery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scullery" title="Scullery">scullery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spicery" title="Spicery">spicery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_room" title="Still room">still room</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatory_(greenhouse)" title="Conservatory (greenhouse)">Conservatory</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orangery" title="Orangery">Orangery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtyard" title="Courtyard">Courtyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawing_room" title="Drawing room">Drawing room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_chamber" title="Great chamber">Great chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_hall" title="Great hall">Great hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_gallery" title="Long gallery">Long gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumber_room" title="Lumber room">Lumber room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlour" title="Parlour">Parlour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauna" title="Sauna">Sauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants%27_hall" title="Servants' hall">Servants' hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants%27_quarters" title="Servants' quarters">Servants' quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_room" title="Smoking room">Smoking room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_(room)" title="Solar (room)">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_room" title="State room">State room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_pool" title="Swimming pool">Swimming pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turret_(architecture)" title="Turret (architecture)">Turret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercroft" title="Undercroft">Undercroft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">Furniture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_compartment" title="Hidden compartment">Hidden room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House" title="House">House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_plan" title="House plan">house plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_house_styles" title="List of house styles">styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_house_types" title="List of house types">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-family_residential" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-family residential">Multi-family residential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_suite" title="Secondary suite">Secondary suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplex_(building)" title="Duplex (building)">Duplex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraced_house" title="Terraced house">Terraced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-family_detached_home" title="Single-family detached home">Detached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-detached" title="Semi-detached">Semi-detached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townhouse" title="Townhouse">Townhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_apartment" title="Studio apartment">Studio apartment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architectural</a><br />elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch" title="Arch">Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balconet" title="Balconet">Balconet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baluster" title="Baluster">Baluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_course" title="Belt course">Belt course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bressummer" title="Bressummer">Bressummer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceiling" title="Ceiling">Ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimney" title="Chimney">Chimney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonnade" title="Colonnade">Colonnade</a> / <a href="/wiki/Portico" title="Portico">Portico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column" title="Column">Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornice" title="Cornice">Cornice</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eaves" title="Eaves">Eaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Door" title="Door">Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ell_(architecture)" title="Ell (architecture)">Ell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor" title="Floor">Floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_(engineering)" title="Foundation (engineering)">Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gable" title="Gable">Gable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate" title="Gate">Gate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal_(architecture)" title="Portal (architecture)">Portal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting" title="Lighting">Lighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornament_(art)" title="Ornament (art)">Ornament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">Plumbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quoin" title="Quoin">Quoins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof" title="Roof">Roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_lantern" title="Roof lantern">Roof lantern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sill_plate" title="Sill plate">Sill plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">Style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_architectural_styles" title="List of architectural styles">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylight" title="Skylight">Skylight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threshold_(architecture)" title="Threshold (architecture)">Threshold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transom_(architecture)" title="Transom (architecture)">Transom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vault_(architecture)" title="Vault (architecture)">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall" title="Wall">Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Window" title="Window">Window</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backyard" title="Backyard">Backyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driveway" title="Driveway">Driveway</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Front yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Back garden">Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home" title="Home">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_improvement" 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