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Simetría bilateral - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

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class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Enlaces externos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enlaces_externos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contenidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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Disponible en 30 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B8%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="التناظر في علم الأحياء (árabe)" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="التناظر في علم الأحياء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_(%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8)" title="প্রতিসাম্য (জীববিজ্ঞান) (bengalí)" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রতিসাম্য (জীববিজ্ঞান)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AE_%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ακτινωτή συμμετρία (griego)" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ακτινωτή συμμετρία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="griego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry_in_biology" title="Symmetry in biology (inglés)" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Symmetry in biology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BCmmeetria_(bioloogia)" title="Sümmeetria (bioloogia) (estonio)" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sümmeetria (bioloogia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="تقارن در زیست‌شناسی (persa)" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تقارن در زیست‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simetr%C3%ADa_bilateral" title="Simetría bilateral (gallego)" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Simetría bilateral" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%93%D7%95-%D7%A6%D7%93%D7%93%D7%99%D7%AA" title="סימטריה דו-צדדית (hebreo)" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סימטריה דו-צדדית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="जीवविज्ञान में सममिति (hindi)" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जीवविज्ञान में सममिति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simetri_bilateral" title="Simetri bilateral (criollo haitiano)" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Simetri bilateral" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="criollo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szimmetria_(biol%C3%B3gia)" title="Szimmetria (biológia) (húngaro)" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szimmetria (biológia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simetri_(biologi)" title="Simetri (biologi) (indonesio)" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Simetri (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_%EB%8C%80%EC%B9%AD" title="생물학의 대칭 (coreano)" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생물학의 대칭" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologin%C4%97_simetrija" title="Biologinė simetrija (lituano)" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Biologinė simetrija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simetri_dalam_biologi" title="Simetri dalam biologi (malayo)" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Simetri dalam biologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetrie_(biologie)" title="Symmetrie (biologie) (neerlandés)" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Symmetrie (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetri_i_biologi" title="Symmetri i biologi (noruego nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Symmetri i biologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruego nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simmeetirii_baayoloojii_keessatti" title="Simmeetirii baayoloojii keessatti (oromo)" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Simmeetirii baayoloojii keessatti" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symetria_budowy_cia%C5%82a_organizmu" title="Symetria budowy ciała organizmu (polaco)" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Symetria budowy ciała organizmu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simetria_bilateral" title="Simetria bilateral (portugués)" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Simetria bilateral" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Симметрия (биология) (ruso)" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Симметрия (биология)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetry_(biology)" title="Symmetry (biology) (Simple English)" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Symmetry (biology)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simetrija_(biologija)" title="Simetrija (biologija) (esloveno)" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Simetrija (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B0" title="Симетрија животиња (serbio)" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Симетрија животиња" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetri_inom_biologi" title="Symmetri inom biologi (sueco)" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Symmetri inom biologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%BCcut_simetrileri" title="Vücut simetrileri (turco)" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vücut simetrileri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Симетрія (біологія) (ucraniano)" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Симетрія (біологія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tananing_simmetriyalari" title="Tananing simmetriyalari (uzbeko)" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tananing simmetriyalari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%91i_x%E1%BB%A9ng_trong_sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Đối xứng trong sinh học (vietnamita)" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đối xứng trong sinh học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8D%E7%A8%B1_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8)" title="對稱 (生物學) (chino)" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="對稱 (生物學)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q598159#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar enlaces interlingüísticos" class="wbc-editpage">Editar enlaces</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacios de nombres"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apariencia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="es" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Archivo:Planos_anat%C3%B3micos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Planos_anat%C3%B3micos.svg/400px-Planos_anat%C3%B3micos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="379" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Planos_anat%C3%B3micos.svg/600px-Planos_anat%C3%B3micos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Planos_anat%C3%B3micos.svg/800px-Planos_anat%C3%B3micos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>Simetría bilateral en el <a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" title="Homo sapiens">ser humano</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>En <a href="/wiki/Biolog%C3%ADa" title="Biología">biología</a>, se dice que la <a href="/wiki/Simetr%C3%ADa" title="Simetría">simetría</a> es la distribución equilibrada en el cuerpo de los organismos de aquellas partes que aparecen duplicadas. Los planos corporales de la mayoría de <a href="/wiki/Pluricelular" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluricelular">organismos pluricelulares</a> exhiben alguna forma de simetría, bien sea <a href="/wiki/Simetr%C3%ADa_radial_(biolog%C3%ADa)" title="Simetría radial (biología)">simetría radial</a> o <b>simetría bilateral</b>. Una pequeña minoría no presenta ningún tipo de simetría (son asimétricos). </p><p>La <b>simetría bilateral</b> (también conocida como <b>simetría planar</b>) se define por la existencia de un único plano, llamado <a href="/wiki/Plano_sagital" title="Plano sagital">plano sagital</a>, que divide el cuerpo de un organismo en aproximadamente dos mitades especularmente idénticas, llamadas mitad izquierda y mitad derecha, si el eje corporal pertenece al plano de simetría. Un plano perpendicular al sagital, llamado <a href="/wiki/Plano_frontal" title="Plano frontal">plano frontal</a> separa una mitad dorsal de otra ventral. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Animales">Animales</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simetr%C3%ADa_bilateral&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar sección: Animales"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La mayoría de especies animales tiene simetría bilateral<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; y pertenece por tanto al grupo <a href="/wiki/Bilateria" title="Bilateria">Bilateria</a>, aunque hay especies como los <a href="/wiki/Erizo_de_Mar" class="mw-redirect" title="Erizo de Mar">erizos de mar</a> y las <a href="/wiki/Asteroidea" title="Asteroidea">estrellas de mar</a> que presentan <a href="/wiki/Pentamerismo" title="Pentamerismo">simetría pentarradial</a> secundaria derivada de la bilateral (las fases de desarrollo tempranas y las larvas poseen simetría bilateral que posteriormente se pierde en el adulto). </p><p>La simetría bilateral permite la definición de un eje corporal en la dirección del movimiento, lo que favorece la formación de un <a href="/wiki/Sistema_nervioso" title="Sistema nervioso">sistema nervioso</a> centralizado y la <a href="/wiki/Cefalizaci%C3%B3n" title="Cefalización">cefalización</a>. La simetría radial es una de las cuatro ramas en la clasificación de la <a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">animalia</a> de <a href="/wiki/Georges_Cuvier" title="Georges Cuvier">Georges Cuvier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>4<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>&#8203; La simetría bilateral fue uno de los pasos fundamentales en la génesis de los <a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata">vertebrados</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plantas">Plantas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simetr%C3%ADa_bilateral&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar sección: Plantas"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Flores como las <a href="/wiki/Orchidaceae" title="Orchidaceae">orquídeas</a> presentan simetría bilateral. Las hojas de la mayoría de las plantas son también bilaterales. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simetr%C3%ADa_bilateral&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFHolló2015" class="citation publicación">Holló, Gábor (2015). «A new paradigm for animal symmetry». <i>Interface Focus</i> <b>5</b>: 20150032. <small><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1098%2Frsfs.2015.0032">10.1098/rsfs.2015.0032</a></small>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ASimetr%C3%ADa+bilateral&amp;rft.atitle=A+new+paradigm+for+animal+symmetry&amp;rft.au=Holl%C3%B3%2C+G%C3%A1bor&amp;rft.aufirst=G%C3%A1bor&amp;rft.aulast=Holl%C3%B3&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Interface+Focus&amp;rft.pages=20150032&amp;rft.volume=5&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsfs.2015.0032&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFMcBirney2009" class="citation libro">McBirney, Alexander (2009). <i>Georges Cuvier. In: The Philosophy of Zoology Before Darwin</i>. Springer, Dordrecht. p.&#160;87-98.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ASimetr%C3%ADa+bilateral&amp;rft.au=McBirney%2C+Alexander&amp;rft.aufirst=Alexander&amp;rft.aulast=McBirney&amp;rft.btitle=Georges+Cuvier.+In%3A+The+Philosophy+of+Zoology+Before+Darwin.&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=87-98&amp;rft.pub=Springer%2C+Dordrecht&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFWaggoner" class="citation web">Waggoner, Ben M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/cuvier.html">«Georges Cuvier (1769–1832)»</a>. UCMP Berkeley<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 8 de marzo de 2018</span>. «Cuvier's insistence on the functional integration of organisms led him to classify animals into four "branches," or embranchements: Vertebrata, Articulata (arthropods and segmented worms), Mollusca (which at the time meant all other soft, bilaterally symmetrical invertebrates), and Radiata (cnidarians and echinoderms).»</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ASimetr%C3%ADa+bilateral&amp;rft.au=Waggoner%2C+Ben+M.&amp;rft.aufirst=Ben+M.&amp;rft.aulast=Waggoner&amp;rft.btitle=Georges+Cuvier+%281769%E2%80%931832%29&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pub=UCMP+Berkeley&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucmp.berkeley.edu%2Fhistory%2Fcuvier.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFCuvierGriffithPidgeon1834" class="citation libro"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Cuvier" title="Georges Cuvier">Cuvier, Georges</a>; Griffith, Edward; Pidgeon, Edward (1834). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mskQAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA435"><i>The Mollusca and Radiata: Arranged by the Baron Cuvier, with Supplementary Additions to Each Order</i></a>. Whittaker and Company. pp.&#160;435-.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ASimetr%C3%ADa+bilateral&amp;rft.au=Cuvier%2C+Georges&amp;rft.au=Griffith%2C+Edward&amp;rft.au=Pidgeon%2C+Edward&amp;rft.aufirst=Georges&amp;rft.aulast=Cuvier&amp;rft.btitle=The+Mollusca+and+Radiata%3A+Arranged+by+the+Baron+Cuvier%2C+with+Supplementary+Additions+to+Each+Order&amp;rft.date=1834&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=435-&amp;rft.pub=Whittaker+and+Company&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmskQAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA435&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enlaces_externos">Enlaces externos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simetr%C3%ADa_bilateral&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar sección: Enlaces externos"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/20px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/30px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikcionario" title="Wikcionario">Wikcionario</a> tiene definiciones y otra información sobre <b><a href="https://es.wiktionary.org/wiki/bilateral" class="extiw" title="wikt:bilateral">bilateral</a></b>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cyt-ar.com.ar/cyt-ar/index.php/Simetr%C3%ADas#L.C3.ADneas_de_simetr.C3.ADa">Líneas de simetría</a>.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161257576">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox table{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#eeeeff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d);color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)!important;color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width: 12%; 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