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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Distribution and habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology_and_behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology_and_behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ecology and behavior</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecology_and_behavior-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ecology and behavior subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecology_and_behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Diet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography_and_population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography_and_population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Demography and population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography_and_population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behavior" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behavior"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Behavior</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Behavior-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_of_calling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_of_calling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Role of calling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_of_calling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Seeding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Threats_and_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Threats_and_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Threats and conservation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Threats_and_conservation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Threats and conservation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Threats_and_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Habitat_loss" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat_loss"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Habitat loss</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitat_loss-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poaching_and_hunting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poaching_and_hunting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Poaching and hunting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poaching_and_hunting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Siamang</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himb%C3%A8e" title="Himbèe – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Himbèe" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%BA" title="سيامنغ – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيامنغ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Сиаманг – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сиаманг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang" title="Siamang – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Siamang" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang" title="Siamang – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Siamang" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphalangus_syndactylus" title="Symphalangus syndactylus – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Symphalangus syndactylus" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang" title="Siamang – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Siamang" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang" title="Siamang – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Siamang" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang" title="Siamang – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Siamang" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mag%C3%ADgaan%C3%A9z%C3%AD_%C5%82izhin%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Magígaanézí łizhinígíí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Magígaanézí łizhinígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphalangus_syndactylus" title="Symphalangus syndactylus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Symphalangus syndactylus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphalangus_syndactylus" title="Symphalangus syndactylus – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Symphalangus syndactylus" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="غبغبی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="غبغبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang" title="Siamang – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Siamang" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%B0%EA%B8%B4%ED%8C%94%EC%9B%90%EC%88%AD%EC%9D%B4" title="큰긴팔원숭이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="큰긴팔원숭이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="सियामंग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सियामंग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang" title="Siamang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Siamang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphalangus_syndactylus" title="Symphalangus syndactylus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Symphalangus syndactylus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%92" title="סיאמנג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיאמנג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang" title="Siamang – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Siamang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="სიამანგი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიამანგი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tcardiol_(Symphalangus_syndactylus)" title="Tcardiol (Symphalangus syndactylus) – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Tcardiol (Symphalangus syndactylus)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Сиаманг – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Сиаманг" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Сиаманг – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Сиаманг" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamangas" title="Siamangas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Siamangas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sziamang" title="Sziamang – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Sziamang" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Сијаманг – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сијаманг" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AC" title="قرد السيامنج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قرد السيامنج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang" title="Siamang – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Siamang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang" title="Siamang – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Siamang" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%86%E3%83%8A%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B6%E3%83%AB" title="フクロテナガザル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フクロテナガザル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang" title="Siamang – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Siamang" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang" title="Siamang – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Siamang" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Сиаманг – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Сиаманг" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="سیامانگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سیامانگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang_wielki" title="Siamang wielki – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Siamang wielki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphalangus" title="Symphalangus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Symphalangus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang" title="Siamang – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Siamang" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Сиаманг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сиаманг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamangu" title="Siamangu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Siamangu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang" title="Siamang – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Siamang" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang" title="Siamang – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Siamang" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Сијаманг – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сијаманг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang" title="Siamang – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Siamang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamanki" title="Siamanki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Siamanki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siamang" title="Siamang – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Siamang" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="ชะนีเซียมัง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชะนีเซียมัง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Сиаманг – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Сиаманг" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3_%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Сіаманг звичайний – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сіаманг звичайний" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3n_m%E1%BB%B1c" title="Vượn mực – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vượn mực" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hylobates_syndactylus" title="Hylobates syndactylus – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hylobates syndactylus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%88%E8%B6%BE%E7%8C%BF" title="合趾猿 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="合趾猿" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%88%E8%B6%BE%E7%8C%BF" title="合趾猿 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="合趾猿" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of ape</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Siamang<sup id="cite_ref-MSW3_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MSW3-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: Middle <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a>-<a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Present</a><sup id="cite_ref-Suraprasit2016_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suraprasit2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Siamang_Tierpark_Hellabrunn-4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Siamang_Tierpark_Hellabrunn-4.jpg/220px-Siamang_Tierpark_Hellabrunn-4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Siamang_Tierpark_Hellabrunn-4.jpg/330px-Siamang_Tierpark_Hellabrunn-4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Siamang_Tierpark_Hellabrunn-4.jpg/440px-Siamang_Tierpark_Hellabrunn-4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3300" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/220px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/330px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg/440px-Status_iucn3.1_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="137" /></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Endangered_species_(IUCN_status)" title="Endangered species (IUCN status)">Endangered</a> <small> (<a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a> Appendix I<small> (<a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">CITES</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Symphalangus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">Primates</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suborder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haplorhini" title="Haplorhini">Haplorhini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Infraorder: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Simian" title="Simian">Simiiformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gibbon" title="Gibbon">Hylobatidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Symphalangus</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Gloger" class="mw-redirect" title="Gloger">Gloger</a>, 1841</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>S. syndactylus</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Symphalangus syndactylus</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Stamford_Raffles" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Stamford Raffles">Raffles</a>, 1821)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Distribuci%C3%B3n_symphalangus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Distribuci%C3%B3n_symphalangus.png/220px-Distribuci%C3%B3n_symphalangus.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Distribuci%C3%B3n_symphalangus.png/330px-Distribuci%C3%B3n_symphalangus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Distribuci%C3%B3n_symphalangus.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="343" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Distribution of the siamang </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siamang_mid_song.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Siamang_mid_song.jpg/220px-Siamang_mid_song.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Siamang_mid_song.jpg/330px-Siamang_mid_song.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Siamang_mid_song.jpg/440px-Siamang_mid_song.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>siamang</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;">also</span> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>-/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><b>Symphalangus syndactylus</b></i>) is an endangered <a href="/wiki/Arboreal" class="mw-redirect" title="Arboreal">arboreal</a>, black-furred <a href="/wiki/Gibbon" title="Gibbon">gibbon</a> native to the forests of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>. The largest of the gibbons, the siamang can be twice the size of other gibbons, reaching 1 m (3.3 ft) in height, and weighing up to 14 kg (31 lb). It is the only species in the genus <i><b>Symphalangus</b></i>. Fossils of siamangs date back to the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Pleistocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Pleistocene">Middle Pleistocene</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Suraprasit2016_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suraprasit2016-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two features distinguish the siamang from other gibbons. First, two digits on each foot—the second and third toes—are partially joined by a membrane, hence the <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">specific</a> name <i><a href="/wiki/Syndactyly" title="Syndactyly">syndactylus</a></i>, from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> σύν, <i>sun-</i>, "with" + δάκτυλος, <i>daktulos</i>, "finger". Second, a large <a href="/wiki/Gular_sac" class="mw-redirect" title="Gular sac">gular sac</a> (throat pouch), found in both males and females of the species, can be inflated to the size of the siamang's head, allowing it to make resonating calls. </p><p>Two <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> of the siamang are the nominate <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatran</a> siamang (<i>S. s. syndactylus</i>) and the Malaysian siamang (<i>S. s. continentis</i>, in <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Geissmann_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geissmann-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Otherwise, the Malaysian individuals are only a population. The siamang occurs <a href="/wiki/Sympatrically" class="mw-redirect" title="Sympatrically">sympatrically</a> with other gibbons; its two ranges are entirely within the combined ranges of the <a href="/wiki/Agile_gibbon" title="Agile gibbon">agile gibbon</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lar_gibbon" title="Lar gibbon">lar gibbon</a>. </p><p>The siamang can live to around 40 years in captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the illegal pet trade takes a toll on wild populations, the principal threat to the siamang is <a href="/wiki/Habitat_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Habitat loss">habitat loss</a> in both <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a> production industry is clearing large swaths of forest, reducing the habitat of the siamang, along with those of other species, such as the <a href="/wiki/Sumatran_tiger" title="Sumatran tiger">Sumatran tiger</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamang&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siamang_Unkie_SDZ_CALVIN.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Siamang_Unkie_SDZ_CALVIN.jpg/220px-Siamang_Unkie_SDZ_CALVIN.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Siamang_Unkie_SDZ_CALVIN.jpg/330px-Siamang_Unkie_SDZ_CALVIN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Siamang_Unkie_SDZ_CALVIN.jpg/440px-Siamang_Unkie_SDZ_CALVIN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1139" /></a><figcaption>A close-up of adult male's head</figcaption></figure> <p>The siamang has long, dense, shaggy hair, which is the darkest shade of all gibbons. The ape's long, gangling arms are longer than its legs. The average length of a siamang is 90 cm; the largest they have ever grown is 150 cm. The face of this large gibbon is mostly hairless, apart from a thin mustache. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution_and_habitat">Distribution and habitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamang&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Distribution and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The siamang inhabits the forest remnants of <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> Island and the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a>, and is widely distributed from lowland forest to mountain forest—even rainforest—and can be found at altitudes up to 3800 m.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowe,_Noel_1996_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowe,_Noel_1996-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It lives in groups of up to six individuals (four individuals on average) with an average home range of 23 hectares.<sup id="cite_ref-OBrien1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OBrien_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their day ranges are substantially smaller than those of sympatric <i><a href="/wiki/Hylobates" title="Hylobates">Hylobates</a></i> species, often less than 1 km.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowe,_Noel_1996_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowe,_Noel_1996-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The siamang's melodious singing breaks the forest's silence in the early morning after the agile gibbons' or lar gibbons' calls. The siamangs in <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a> are similar in appearance, but some behaviors differ between the two populations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology_and_behavior">Ecology and behavior</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamang&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ecology and behavior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Siamangs have an ecology and relationship between two types of gibbons that share the same habitat. Those include the Agile gibbon and Lar gibbon. Both of the gibbons that live with the siamangs are Hylobates rather than Symphalangus. When two siamangs meet, they often have a bond with each other. They might also communicate by using their throat pouches and shouts to communicate when they feel excited, relaxed, trying to mate, or threatened. If siamangs use loud sounds, they also use body language to communicate. They use sign language or pointing to make others aware of what they need or what they want to do. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diet">Diet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamang&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Diet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The siamang eats mainly various parts of plants. The Sumatran siamang is more <a href="/wiki/Frugivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Frugivorous">frugivorous</a> than its Malayan relative, with fruit making up to 60% of its diet. The siamang eats at least 160 species of plants, from <a href="/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">vines</a> to woody plants. Its major food source is figs (<i><a href="/wiki/Ficus" title="Ficus">Ficus</a></i> spp.).<sup id="cite_ref-OBrien_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nurcahyo_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nurcahyo-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The siamang prefers to eat ripe rather than unripe fruit, and young rather than old leaves. It eats flowers and a few animals, mostly insects. When the siamang eats large flowers, it eats only the <a href="/wiki/Petal#Corolla" title="Petal">corollae</a> (petals), but it eats all parts of smaller flowers, with the small fruit collected in its hand before being consumed. When it eats big and hard seeds or seeds with sharp edges, it peels out the fruit flesh and throws away the seed.<sup id="cite_ref-Nurcahyo_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nurcahyo-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although its diet consists of substantial portions of fruit, it is the most <a href="/wiki/Folivorous" class="mw-redirect" title="Folivorous">folivorous</a> of all members of <a href="/wiki/Gibbon" title="Gibbon">Hylobatidae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowe,_Noel_1996_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowe,_Noel_1996-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As it is also the largest gibbon, it fits well with the general primate dietary trend in which larger primates tend to be more folivorous.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demography_and_population">Demography and population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamang&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demography and population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A group of siamangs normally consists of an adult dominant male, an adult dominant female, with offspring, infants, and sometimes a subadult. The subadult usually leaves the group after attaining the age of 6–8 years; subadult females tend to leave the group earlier than subadult males. Siamang gestation period is between 6.2 and 7.9 months; after the infant is born, the mother takes care of the infant for the first year of its life.<sup id="cite_ref-Lappan,_Susan_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lappan,_Susan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siamang males tend to offer more paternal care than do other members of the family Hylobatidae, taking up a major role in carrying an infant after it is about 8 months old.<sup id="cite_ref-Rowe,_Noel_1996_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rowe,_Noel_1996-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The infant typically returns to its mother to sleep and nurse. The infant begins to travel independently from its parents by its third year of life.<sup id="cite_ref-Chivers_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chivers-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Siamangs are generally known to have monogamous mating pairs, which have been documented to spend more time in close proximity to each other, in comparison to other gibbon species.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both monogamous and polyandrous groups, though, are found in <a href="/wiki/South_Sumatra" title="South Sumatra">South Sumatra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lappan,_Susan_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lappan,_Susan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In studying these populations, infants belonging to monogamous groups were found to receive more overall male care than infants in the polyandrous groups. This reduced care is most likely due to reduced certainty of paternity in these groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Lappan,_Susan_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lappan,_Susan-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Habitat disturbance affects siamang group composition; it is varied in age-sex structure between intact forest and burnt, regrown forest. The burnt, regrown forest population contained more adult and subadults than the intact forest population, which had more infants, small juveniles, and large juveniles. Infant survival rates in burnt, regrown forest groups are lower than in intact forest groups. The number of individuals in the latter is higher than in the former.<sup id="cite_ref-OBrien_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The siamang in disturbed forests live in small groups and have a density lower than in intact forests because of lack of food resources and trees for living. </p><p>In the 1980s, the <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesian</a> population of the siamang in the wild was estimated to be 360,000 individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-Nijman_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nijman-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This figure may be less in the 21st century: <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Barisan_Selatan_National_Park" title="Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park">Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park</a> is the third-largest protected area (3,568 km<sup>2</sup> or 1,378 sq mi) in <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, of which roughly 2,570 km<sup>2</sup> (990 sq mi) remain under forest cover inhabited by 22,390 siamangs (in 2002 censuses). In <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, the siamang prefers to inhabit lowland forest between 500 and 1,000 m (1,600 and 3,300 ft) above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-OBrien1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Behavior">Behavior</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamang&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Behavior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The siamang tends to rest for more than half of its waking period from dawn to dusk, followed by feeding, moving, foraging, and social activities. It takes more rest during midday, taking time to groom others or to play. During resting time, it usually uses a branch of a large tree, lying on its back or belly. Feeding behaviors, foraging, and moving are most often in the morning and after resting. Grooming is one of the most important social interactions among family members. Grooming takes place between adults earlier in the day; the adults groom the juveniles later in the day. Adult males are the most involved in grooming.<sup id="cite_ref-Chivers_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chivers-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DPPP_5348.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/DPPP_5348.jpg/240px-DPPP_5348.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/DPPP_5348.jpg/360px-DPPP_5348.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/DPPP_5348.jpg/480px-DPPP_5348.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption> A siamang group at rest in <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> - siamangs rest up to 50% of their waking hours.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the dry season, the size of the siamang's daily range is larger than in the rainy season. The siamang in <a href="/wiki/South_Sumatra" title="South Sumatra">southern Sumatra</a> spends less time foraging than siamangs in other places, as it eats a diet higher in fruit. It thus consumes more nutrients, which results in less time needed for food acquisition. A siamang may spend an entire day in a single fruiting tree, moving out when it wants to rest and returning to feed.<sup id="cite_ref-Nurcahyo_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nurcahyo-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Siamangs are a very social species of primates and exhibit a variety of tactile and visual gestures, along with actions and facial expressions to communicate and increase social bonds within their family group.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are also territorial, and interact with other family groups by making loud calls to let other groups know where their territory is. The calls may be asynchronous, where they are not directed at a particular neighbouring group, or simultaneous group calls may take place across the territory boundary. Males are known to chase one another across the boundary.<sup id="cite_ref-Chivers_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chivers-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Copulation"></span> Grooming frequency between males and females has been found to correlate to copulation frequency, as well as bouts of aggression. Pairs copulate over four to five months at intervals of two to three years. The peak of their reproductive activity is often during the time when fruit is most abundant.<sup id="cite_ref-Chivers_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chivers-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dorsoventral copulation is the most common type in siamangs, where the female is squatting and the male hangs by his arms and grips the female with his legs, whereas ventroventral copulation, where both primates are suspended, occurs only one in 60 times on average.<sup id="cite_ref-Chivers_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chivers-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_of_calling">Role of calling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamang&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Role of calling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Symphalangus_syndactylus_4zz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Symphalangus_syndactylus_4zz.jpg/220px-Symphalangus_syndactylus_4zz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Symphalangus_syndactylus_4zz.jpg/330px-Symphalangus_syndactylus_4zz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Symphalangus_syndactylus_4zz.jpg/440px-Symphalangus_syndactylus_4zz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1033" /></a><figcaption>Siamang calling with throat sac inflated</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="35" data-mwtitle="Symphalangus_syndactylus_20170623_Doué-la-Fontaine.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Symphalangus_syndactylus_20170623_Dou%C3%A9-la-Fontaine.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Symphalangus_syndactylus_20170623_Dou%C3%A9-la-Fontaine.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/79/Symphalangus_syndactylus_20170623_Dou%C3%A9-la-Fontaine.ogg/Symphalangus_syndactylus_20170623_Dou%C3%A9-la-Fontaine.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Siamangs' call</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="35" data-mwtitle="Black-gibbons-sumatra-2022.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Black-gibbons-sumatra-2022.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Black-gibbons-sumatra-2022.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9f/Black-gibbons-sumatra-2022.ogg/Black-gibbons-sumatra-2022.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Siamang, Sumatra, 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>The siamang starts its day by calling in the early morning; it calls less after midday, with the peak of the calls around 9:00 to 10:00 am. Most of the siamang's calls are directed to its neighbours rather than to those inside its home range. This means the siamang's calling is in response to disturbances and to defend its territory. Calls in the late morning typically happen when it meets or sees another siamang group. The edge of the siamang's home range, which may overlap another, is often the place where calling is made. Counter (co-response) calling occasionally happens near the border or in the overlap area. Calls are numerous when fruit is more abundant rather than when it is less available. Branch shaking, swinging, and moving around the tree crowns accompany the calling. This movement might be to show the other groups where they are. </p><p>The siamang prefers calling in the living, tall, and big trees, possibly where another group is easy to see. Besides that, such trees can support siamang movement. Calling trees are usually near feeding trees, but sometimes they call in the feeding trees.<sup id="cite_ref-Nurcahyo_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nurcahyo-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kinnaird1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kinnaird1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mated pairs produce loud, well-patterned calling bouts, which are referred to as duetting. These calls advertise the presence and status of a mated pair.<sup id="cite_ref-Geissmann_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Geissmann-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newly formed pairs spend more time singing than an established pair. Advertising the presence of a strong bond is advantageous in territorial defense.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Siamang duetting differs from other species because it has a particularly complex vocal structure. Four distinct classes of vocalizations have been documented: booms, barks, ululating screams, and bitonal screams. Females typically produce long barks and males generally produce bitonal screams, but both sexes have been known to produce all four classes of vocalizations.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike other gibbons in which vocalization is added by laterally expanded <a href="/wiki/Laryngeal_saccules" title="Laryngeal saccules">laryngeal sacs</a>, those in siamangs fuse with each other and extend into the ventral area of the neck.<sup id="cite_ref-Koda_Nishimura_Tokuda_Oyakawa_2012_pp._347–355_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koda_Nishimura_Tokuda_Oyakawa_2012_pp._347–355-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seeding">Seeding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamang&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Seeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a frugivorous animal, the siamang disperses seeds through defecation as it travels across its territory. The siamang can carry seed while digesting, and defecate between 81.9 and 365.9 m (269 and 1,200 ft) from the seed resource, which supports the forest's regeneration and <a href="/wiki/Ecological_succession" title="Ecological succession">succession</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rusmanto_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rusmanto-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Threats_and_conservation">Threats and conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamang&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Threats and conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As an arboreal primate whose survival absolutely depends on the forest, the siamang faces <a href="/wiki/Population_pressure" title="Population pressure">population pressure</a> due to habitat loss,<sup id="cite_ref-OBrien1_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OBrien1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Poaching" title="Poaching">poaching</a>, and hunting.<sup id="cite_ref-Nijman_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nijman-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nursahid_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nursahid-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Habitat_loss">Habitat loss</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamang&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Habitat loss"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siamang_Hellabrunn_2004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Siamang_Hellabrunn_2004.jpg/240px-Siamang_Hellabrunn_2004.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Siamang_Hellabrunn_2004.jpg/360px-Siamang_Hellabrunn_2004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Siamang_Hellabrunn_2004.jpg/480px-Siamang_Hellabrunn_2004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1067" /></a><figcaption>Siamang, <a href="/wiki/Tierpark_Hellabrunn" class="mw-redirect" title="Tierpark Hellabrunn">Tierpark Hellabrunn</a>, Munich, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>A major threat to the siamang is <a href="/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation" title="Habitat fragmentation">habitat fragmentation</a> due to <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forest_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest fire">forest fire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Illegal_logging" title="Illegal logging">illegal logging</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/encroachment" class="extiw" title="wikt:encroachment">encroachment</a>, and human development. Firstly, palm-oil plantations have removed large areas of the siamang's habitat in recent decades. Since 2002, 107,000 km<sup>2</sup> of <a href="/wiki/Oil_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil palm">oil palm</a> have been planted,<sup id="cite_ref-Palmer_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palmer-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which has replaced much rainforest in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, where the siamang originally lived. Secondly, in the second decade of the 21st century, forests in the <a href="/wiki/Malay_Peninsula" title="Malay Peninsula">Malay Peninsula</a> have been destroyed due to illegal logging. Sixteen out of the 37 permanent forest reserves in <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a>, in the Malay Peninsula, where most of the siamangs live, have been encroached upon by illegal loggers.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thirdly, forest encroachments change forest cover into cultivated land; for example, the rising price of coffee in 1998 encouraged people in <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> to replace the forest with coffee plantations.<sup id="cite_ref-Kinnaird_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kinnaird-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fourthly, development in many areas requires infrastructure, such as roads, which now divide conservation areas and have caused forest fragmentation and <a href="/wiki/Edge_effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Edge effect">edge effects</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poaching_and_hunting">Poaching and hunting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamang&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Poaching and hunting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike other parts of Asia, primates are not hunted for their meat in Indonesia. They are hunted for the <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_smuggling" title="Wildlife smuggling">illegal pet trade</a>, with hunters preferring infant siamangs. Poachers often kill the mothers first, since siamang females are highly protective of their infants, and removing the infant without first killing the mother requires more effort. Most siamangs on the market are infants, which often die during transportation.<sup id="cite_ref-Nijman_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nijman-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nursahid_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nursahid-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conservation">Conservation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamang&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Siamang can be found in at least 11 protected areas: </p> <dl><dt>Indonesia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bukit_Barisan_Selatan_National_Park" title="Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park">Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunung_Leuser_National_Park" title="Gunung Leuser National Park">Gunung Leuser National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerinci_Seblat_National_Park" title="Kerinci Seblat National Park">Kerinci Seblat National Park</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Langkat_Barat_Wildlife_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Langkat Barat Wildlife Reserve (page does not exist)">Langkat Barat Wildlife Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Way_Kambas_National_Park" title="Way Kambas National Park">Way Kambas National Park</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Malaysia</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fraser%27s_Hill_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fraser's Hill Reserve (page does not exist)">Fraser's Hill Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunong_Besout_Forest_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunong Besout Forest Reserve (page does not exist)">Gunong Besout Forest Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krau_Wildlife_Reserve" class="mw-redirect" title="Krau Wildlife Reserve">Krau Wildlife Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulu_Gombak_Wildlife_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulu Gombak Wildlife Reserve (page does not exist)">Ulu Gombak Wildlife Reserve</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Thailand</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hala_Bala_Wildlife_Sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Hala Bala Wildlife Sanctuary">Hala Bala Wildlife Sanctuary</a><sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_19_November_2021_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_19_November_2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamang&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-MSW3-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MSW3_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGroves2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Groves" title="Colin Groves">Groves, C. P.</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=12100785">"Order Primates"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Don_E._Wilson" title="Don E. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Conservation+Biology&rft.atitle=Deforestation+trends+in+a+tropical+landscape+and+implications+for+endangered+mammals&rft.volume=17&rft.pages=245-257&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1523-1739.2003.02040.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A59583614%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Kinnaird%2C+M.F.&rft.au=Sanderson%2C+E.W.&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+T.G.&rft.au=Wibisono%2C+H.T.&rft.au=Woolmer%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASiamang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamang&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extant_species_of_family_Hylobatidae_(Gibbons)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hylobatidae_nav" title="Template:Hylobatidae nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hylobatidae_nav" title="Template talk:Hylobatidae nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hylobatidae_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hylobatidae nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extant_species_of_family_Hylobatidae_(Gibbons)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant species of family <a href="/wiki/Gibbon" title="Gibbon">Hylobatidae <small>(Gibbons)</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Order: <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">Primates</a></li> <li>Suborder: <a href="/wiki/Haplorhini" title="Haplorhini">Haplorhini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Hylobates" title="Hylobates">Hylobates</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lar_gibbon" title="Lar gibbon">Lar gibbon (<i>H. lar</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agile_gibbon" title="Agile gibbon">Agile gibbon (<i>H. agilis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_white-bearded_gibbon" title="Bornean white-bearded gibbon">Bornean white-bearded gibbon (<i>H. albibarbis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_grey_gibbon" title="Western grey gibbon">Western grey gibbon (<i>H. abbotti</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_grey_gibbon" title="Eastern grey gibbon">Eastern grey gibbon (<i>H. funereus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCller%27s_gibbon" title="Müller's gibbon">Müller's gibbon (<i>H. muelleri</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvery_gibbon" title="Silvery gibbon">Silvery gibbon (<i>H. moloch</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pileated_gibbon" title="Pileated gibbon">Pileated gibbon (<i>H. pileatus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kloss%27s_gibbon" title="Kloss's gibbon">Kloss's gibbon (<i>H. klossii</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Hoolock_gibbon" title="Hoolock gibbon">Hoolock</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_hoolock_gibbon" title="Western hoolock gibbon">Western hoolock gibbon (<i>H. hoolock</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_hoolock_gibbon" title="Eastern hoolock gibbon">Eastern hoolock gibbon (<i>H. leuconedys</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skywalker_hoolock_gibbon" title="Skywalker hoolock gibbon">Skywalker hoolock gibbon (<i>H. tianxing</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Symphalangus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Siamang (<i>S. syndactylus</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nomascus" title="Nomascus">Nomascus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_buffed-cheeked_gibbon" title="Northern buffed-cheeked gibbon">Northern buffed-cheeked gibbon (<i>N. annamensis</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_crested_gibbon" title="Black crested gibbon">Black crested gibbon (<i>N. concolor</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_black_crested_gibbon" title="Eastern black crested gibbon">Eastern black crested gibbon (<i>N. nasutus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_black_crested_gibbon" title="Hainan black crested gibbon">Hainan black crested gibbon (<i>N. hainanus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_white-cheeked_gibbon" title="Northern white-cheeked gibbon">Northern white-cheeked gibbon (<i>N. leucogenys</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow-cheeked_gibbon" title="Yellow-cheeked gibbon">Yellow-cheeked gibbon (<i>N. gabriellae</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_white-cheeked_gibbon" title="Southern white-cheeked gibbon">Southern white-cheeked gibbon (<i>N. siki</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Apes" title="Category:Apes">Category</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Haplorhini" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Haplorhini" title="Template:Haplorhini"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Haplorhini" title="Template talk:Haplorhini"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Haplorhini" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Haplorhini"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Haplorhini" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Haplorhini" title="Haplorhini">Haplorhini</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Order: <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">Primates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Haplorhini" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Haplorhini" title="Haplorhini">Haplorhini</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="†&quot;Omomyidae&quot;" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr>"<a href="/wiki/Omomyidae" title="Omomyidae">Omomyidae</a>"</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Altanius" title="Altanius">Altanius</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Altiatlasius" title="Altiatlasius">Altiatlasius</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bownomomys" title="Bownomomys">Bownomomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kohatius (page does not exist)">Kohatius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microchoerinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microchoerinae (page does not exist)">Microchoerinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indusomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indusomys (page does not exist)">Indusomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melaneremia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melaneremia (page does not exist)">Melaneremia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microchoerus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microchoerus (page does not exist)">Microchoerus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nannopithex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nannopithex (page does not exist)">Nannopithex</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Necrolemur" title="Necrolemur">Necrolemur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paraloris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paraloris (page does not exist)">Paraloris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudoloris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudoloris (page does not exist)">Pseudoloris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quercyloris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quercyloris (page does not exist)">Quercyloris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vectipithex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vectipithex (page does not exist)">Vectipithex</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/wiki/Anaptomorphinae" title="Anaptomorphinae">Anaptomorphinae</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Absarokius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Absarokius (page does not exist)">Absarokius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anaptomorphus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anaptomorphus (page does not exist)">Anaptomorphus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anemorhysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anemorhysis (page does not exist)">Anemorhysis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arapahovius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arapahovius (page does not exist)">Arapahovius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aycrossia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aycrossia (page does not exist)">Aycrossia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlororhysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlororhysis (page does not exist)">Chlororhysis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gazinius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gazinius (page does not exist)">Gazinius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudotetonius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudotetonius (page does not exist)">Pseudotetonius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sphacorhysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sphacorhysis (page does not exist)">Sphacorhysis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Strigorhysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strigorhysis (page does not exist)">Strigorhysis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tatmanius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tatmanius (page does not exist)">Tatmanius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teilhardina" title="Teilhardina">Teilhardina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetonius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetonius (page does not exist)">Tetonius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetonoides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetonoides (page does not exist)">Tetonoides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trogolemur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trogolemur (page does not exist)">Trogolemur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walshina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walshina (page does not exist)">Walshina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Omomyinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omomyinae (page does not exist)">Omomyinae</a>"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ageitodendron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ageitodendron (page does not exist)">Ageitodendron</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asiomomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asiomomys (page does not exist)">Asiomomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brontomomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brontomomys (page does not exist)">Brontomomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chipetaia" title="Chipetaia">Chipetaia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chumashius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chumashius (page does not exist)">Chumashius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diablomomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diablomomys (page does not exist)">Diablomomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyseolemur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyseolemur (page does not exist)">Dyseolemur</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekwiiyemakius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekwiiyemakius (page does not exist)">Ekwiiyemakius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gunnelltarsius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gunnelltarsius (page does not exist)">Gunnelltarsius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemiacodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemiacodon (page does not exist)">Hemiacodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jemezius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jemezius (page does not exist)">Jemezius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loveina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loveina (page does not exist)">Loveina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macrotarsius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macrotarsius (page does not exist)">Macrotarsius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nesomomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nesomomys (page does not exist)">Nesomomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Omomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Omomys (page does not exist)">Omomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ourayia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ourayia (page does not exist)">Ourayia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rooneyia" title="Rooneyia">Rooneyia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shoshonius" title="Shoshonius">Shoshonius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steinius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steinius (page does not exist)">Steinius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stockia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stockia (page does not exist)">Stockia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uintanius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uintanius (page does not exist)">Uintanius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Utahia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Utahia (page does not exist)">Utahia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washakius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Washakius (page does not exist)">Washakius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wyomomys&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wyomomys (page does not exist)">Wyomomys</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaquius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaquius (page does not exist)">Yaquius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarkadectinae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarkadectinae (page does not exist)">Tarkadectinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarka_(mammal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarka (mammal) (page does not exist)">Tarka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarkadectes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarkadectes (page does not exist)">Tarkadectes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarkops&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarkops (page does not exist)">Tarkops</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tarsiiformes" title="Tarsiiformes">Tarsiiformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Archicebus" title="Archicebus">Archicebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><b><a href="/wiki/Afrotarsiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrotarsiidae">Afrotarsiidae</a></b>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><b>"<a href="/wiki/Omomyidae" title="Omomyidae">Omomyidae</a>"</b>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tarsier" title="Tarsier">Tarsiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_tarsier" title="Philippine tarsier">Carlito</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horsfield%27s_tarsier" title="Horsfield's tarsier">Cephalopachus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hesperotarsius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hesperotarsius (page does not exist)">Hesperotarsius</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oligotarsius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oligotarsius (page does not exist)">Oligotarsius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarsius" title="Tarsius">Tarsius</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xanthorhysis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xanthorhysis (page does not exist)">Xanthorhysis</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Simian" title="Simian">Simiiformes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TeilhardinaDB15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Teilhardina sp."><img alt="Teilhardina sp." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/TeilhardinaDB15.jpg/100px-TeilhardinaDB15.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/TeilhardinaDB15.jpg/150px-TeilhardinaDB15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/TeilhardinaDB15.jpg/200px-TeilhardinaDB15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="2362" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Simiiformes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Simian" title="Simian">Simiiformes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Simiiformes" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Simian" title="Simian">Simiiformes</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Altiatlasius" title="Altiatlasius">Altiatlasius</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amamria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amamria (page does not exist)">Amamria</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aseanpithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aseanpithecus (page does not exist)">Aseanpithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Nosmips" title="Nosmips">Nosmips</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Phileosimias" title="Phileosimias">Phileosimias</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Afrotarsiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrotarsiidae">Afrotarsiidae</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Afrasia_djijidae" title="Afrasia djijidae">Afrasia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Afrotarsius" title="Afrotarsius">Afrotarsius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Eosimiidae" title="Eosimiidae">Eosimiidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahinia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahinia (page does not exist)">Bahinia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eosimias" title="Eosimias">Eosimias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phenacopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phenacopithecus (page does not exist)">Phenacopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Amphipithecidae" title="Amphipithecidae">Amphipithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amphipithecus" title="Amphipithecus">Amphipithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bugtipithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bugtipithecus (page does not exist)">Bugtipithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ganlea" title="Ganlea">Ganlea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krabia (page does not exist)">Krabia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myanmarpithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myanmarpithecus (page does not exist)">Myanmarpithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pondaungia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pondaungia (page does not exist)">Pondaungia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siamopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siamopithecus (page does not exist)">Siamopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Parapithecoidea" title="Parapithecoidea">Parapithecoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arsinoea" title="Arsinoea">Arsinoea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biretia" title="Biretia">Biretia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proteopithecidae" title="Proteopithecidae">Proteopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proteopithecus (page does not exist)">Proteopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serapia_eocaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Serapia eocaena">Serapia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parapithecidae" title="Parapithecidae">Parapithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abuqatrania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abuqatrania (page does not exist)">Abuqatrania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apidium" title="Apidium">Apidium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parapithecus" title="Parapithecus">Parapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qatrania" title="Qatrania">Qatrania</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ucayalipithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ucayalipithecus (page does not exist)">Ucayalipithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/New_World_monkey" title="New World monkey">Platyrrhini</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parvimico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parvimico (page does not exist)">Parvimico</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perupithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perupithecus (page does not exist)">Perupithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Szalatavus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Szalatavus (page does not exist)">Szalatavus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Canaanimico" title="Canaanimico">Canaanimico</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Branisella" title="Branisella">Branisella</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Lagonimico" title="Lagonimico">Lagonimico</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aotidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aotidae">Aotidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_monkey" title="Night monkey">Aotus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Tremacebus" title="Tremacebus">Tremacebus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pitheciidae" title="Pitheciidae">Pitheciidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Hispaniola_monkey" title="Hispaniola monkey">Antillothrix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uakari" title="Uakari">Cacajao</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Callicebus" title="Callicebus">Callicebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlocebus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlocebus (page does not exist)">Carlocebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Cebupithecia" title="Cebupithecia">Cebupithecia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cheracebus" title="Cheracebus">Cheracebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bearded_saki" title="Bearded saki">Chiropotes</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Homunculus_patagonicus" class="mw-redirect" title="Homunculus patagonicus">Homunculus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Insulacebus" title="Insulacebus">Insulacebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazzonicebus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazzonicebus (page does not exist)">Mazzonicebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Miocallicebus" title="Miocallicebus">Miocallicebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Nuciruptor" title="Nuciruptor">Nuciruptor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saki_monkey" title="Saki monkey">Pithecia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plecturocebus" title="Plecturocebus">Plecturocebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteropithecia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proteropithecia (page does not exist)">Proteropithecia</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soriacebus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soriacebus (page does not exist)">Soriacebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_monkey" title="Jamaican monkey">Xenothrix</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atelidae" title="Atelidae">Atelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Howler_monkey" title="Howler monkey">Alouatta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spider_monkey" title="Spider monkey">Ateles</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muriqui" title="Muriqui">Brachyteles</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Caipora_bambuiorum" title="Caipora bambuiorum">Caipora</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Cartelles" title="Cartelles">Cartelles</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Chilecebus" title="Chilecebus">Chilecebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woolly_monkey" title="Woolly monkey">Lagothrix</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Mohanamico" title="Mohanamico">Mohanamico</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yellow-tailed_woolly_monkey" title="Yellow-tailed woolly monkey">Oreonax</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Paralouatta" title="Paralouatta">Paralouatta</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Protopithecus" title="Protopithecus">Protopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Solimoea" title="Solimoea">Solimoea</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Stirtonia_(mammal)" title="Stirtonia (mammal)">Stirtonia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cebidae" title="Cebidae">Cebidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Acrecebus" title="Acrecebus">Acrecebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gracile_capuchin_monkey" title="Gracile capuchin monkey">Cebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Dolichocebus" title="Dolichocebus">Dolichocebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Killikaike" title="Killikaike">Killikaike</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Panamacebus" title="Panamacebus">Panamacebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Patasola_magdalenae" title="Patasola magdalenae">Patasola</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Squirrel_monkey" title="Squirrel monkey">Saimiri</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robust_capuchin_monkey" title="Robust capuchin monkey">Sapajus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Callitrichidae" title="Callitrichidae">Callitrichidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Goeldi%27s_marmoset" title="Goeldi's marmoset">Callimico</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Callithrix" title="Callithrix">Callithrix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pygmy_marmoset" title="Pygmy marmoset">Cebuella</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saddle-back_tamarin" title="Saddle-back tamarin">Leontocebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lion_tamarin" title="Lion tamarin">Leontopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mico_(genus)" title="Mico (genus)">Mico</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Micodon" title="Micodon">Micodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamarin" title="Tamarin">Saguinus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Catarrhini" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catarrhini" title="Catarrhini">Catarrhini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EosimiasDB15.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eosimias sinensis"><img alt="Eosimias sinensis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/EosimiasDB15.jpg/140px-EosimiasDB15.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/EosimiasDB15.jpg/210px-EosimiasDB15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/EosimiasDB15.jpg/280px-EosimiasDB15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1721" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Catarrhini" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catarrhini" title="Catarrhini">Catarrhini</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Catarrhini" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Catarrhini" title="Catarrhini">Catarrhini</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Micropithecus" title="Micropithecus">Micropithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Saadanius" title="Saadanius">Saadanius</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Oligopithecidae" title="Oligopithecidae">Oligopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Catopithecus" title="Catopithecus">Catopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oligopithecus" title="Oligopithecus">Oligopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talahpithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Talahpithecus (page does not exist)">Talahpithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Propliopithecoidea" title="Propliopithecoidea">Propliopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aegyptopithecus" title="Aegyptopithecus">Aegyptopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Propliopithecus" title="Propliopithecus">Propliopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Pliopithecoidea" title="Pliopithecoidea">Pliopithecoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Krishnapithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krishnapithecus (page does not exist)">Krishnapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paidopithex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paidopithex (page does not exist)">Paidopithex</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kapi_ramnagarensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapi ramnagarensis">Kapi</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pliopithecidae" title="Pliopithecidae">Pliopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Epipliopithecus" title="Epipliopithecus">Epipliopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pliopithecus" title="Pliopithecus">Pliopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dionysopithecidae" title="Dionysopithecidae">Dionysopithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dionysopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dionysopithecus (page does not exist)">Dionysopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platodontopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platodontopithecus (page does not exist)">Platodontopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crouzeliinae" title="Crouzeliinae">Crouzeliidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anapithecus" title="Anapithecus">Anapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barberapithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barberapithecus (page does not exist)">Barberapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crouzelia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crouzelia (page does not exist)">Crouzelia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egarapithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egarapithecus (page does not exist)">Egarapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fanchangia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fanchangia (page does not exist)">Fanchangia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Laccopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laccopithecus (page does not exist)">Laccopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plesiopliopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plesiopliopithecus (page does not exist)">Plesiopliopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pliobates" title="Pliobates">Pliobates</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Old_World_monkey" title="Old World monkey">Cercopithecoidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Alophe" title="Alophe">Alophe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoriapithecidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victoriapithecidae (page does not exist)">Victoriapithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Noropithecus" title="Noropithecus">Noropithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nsungwepithecus" title="Nsungwepithecus">Nsungwepithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prohylobates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prohylobates (page does not exist)">Prohylobates</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Victoriapithecus" title="Victoriapithecus">Victoriapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zaltanpithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zaltanpithecus (page does not exist)">Zaltanpithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Colobinae" title="Colobinae">Colobinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Cercopithecoides" title="Cercopithecoides">Cercopithecoides</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white_colobus" title="Black-and-white colobus">Colobus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Dolichopithecus" title="Dolichopithecus">Dolichopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuseracolobus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuseracolobus (page does not exist)">Kuseracolobus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Libypithecus" title="Libypithecus">Libypithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Mesopithecus" title="Mesopithecus">Mesopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Microcolobus" title="Microcolobus">Microcolobus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Proboscis_monkey" title="Proboscis monkey">Nasalis</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Paracolobus" title="Paracolobus">Paracolobus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Parapresbytis" title="Parapresbytis">Parapresbytis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_colobus" title="Red colobus">Piliocolobus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Presbytis" title="Presbytis">Presbytis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Olive_colobus" title="Olive colobus">Procolobus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Douc" title="Douc">Pygathrix</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Rhinocolobus" title="Rhinocolobus">Rhinocolobus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snub-nosed_monkey" title="Snub-nosed monkey">Rhinopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sawecolobus" title="Sawecolobus">Sawecolobus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Semnopithecus" title="Semnopithecus">Semnopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pig-tailed_langur" title="Pig-tailed langur">Simias</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trachypithecus" title="Trachypithecus">Trachypithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cercopithecinae" title="Cercopithecinae">Cercopithecinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cercopithecini" title="Cercopithecini">Cercopithecini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Allen%27s_swamp_monkey" title="Allen's swamp monkey">Allenopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Allochrocebus" title="Allochrocebus">Allochrocebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guenon" title="Guenon">Cercopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chlorocebus" title="Chlorocebus">Chlorocebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erythrocebus" title="Erythrocebus">Erythrocebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Talapoin" title="Talapoin">Miopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanopithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanopithecus (page does not exist)">Nanopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papionini" title="Papionini">Papionini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/White-eyelid_mangabey" title="White-eyelid mangabey">Cercocebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Dinopithecus" title="Dinopithecus">Dinopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Gorgopithecus" title="Gorgopithecus">Gorgopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crested_mangabey" title="Crested mangabey">Lophocebus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macaque" title="Macaque">Macaca</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandrillus" title="Mandrillus">Mandrillus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baboon" title="Baboon">Papio</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Paradolichopithecus" title="Paradolichopithecus">Paradolichopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Parapapio" title="Parapapio">Parapapio</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Pliopapio" title="Pliopapio">Pliopapio</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Procercocebus" title="Procercocebus">Procercocebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procynocephalus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Procynocephalus (page does not exist)">Procynocephalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kipunji" title="Kipunji">Rungwecebus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soromandrillus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soromandrillus (page does not exist)">Soromandrillus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theropithecus" title="Theropithecus">Theropithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hominoidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ape" title="Ape">Hominoidea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aegyptopithecus zeuxis"><img alt="Aegyptopithecus zeuxis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg/140px-Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg/210px-Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg/280px-Aegyptopithecus_NT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="379" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Hominoidea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ape" title="Ape">Hominoidea</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hominoidea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Ape" title="Ape">Hominoidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Afropithecus" title="Afropithecus">Afropithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Ekembo" title="Ekembo">Ekembo</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Equatorius" title="Equatorius">Equatorius</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Griphopithecus" title="Griphopithecus">Griphopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kamoyapithecus" title="Kamoyapithecus">Kamoyapithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kenyapithecus" title="Kenyapithecus">Kenyapithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Morotopithecus" title="Morotopithecus">Morotopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Nacholapithecus" title="Nacholapithecus">Nacholapithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Otavipithecus" title="Otavipithecus">Otavipithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Proconsul_(mammal)" title="Proconsul (mammal)">Proconsul</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Samburupithecus" title="Samburupithecus">Samburupithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Dendropithecidae" title="Dendropithecidae">Dendropithecidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dendropithecus" title="Dendropithecus">Dendropithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Micropithecus" title="Micropithecus">Micropithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nyanzapithecus" title="Nyanzapithecus">Nyanzapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oreopithecus" title="Oreopithecus">Oreopithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rangwapithecus" title="Rangwapithecus">Rangwapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rukwapithecus" title="Rukwapithecus">Rukwapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Simiolus" title="Simiolus">Simiolus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkanapithecus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkanapithecus (page does not exist)">Turkanapithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gibbon" title="Gibbon">Hylobatidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Bunopithecus" title="Bunopithecus">Bunopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hoolock_gibbon" title="Hoolock gibbon">Hoolock</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hylobates" title="Hylobates">Hylobates</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Junzi_imperialis" title="Junzi imperialis">Junzi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nomascus" title="Nomascus">Nomascus</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Symphalangus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Yuanmoupithecus" title="Yuanmoupithecus">Yuanmoupithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Hominidae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Buronius" title="Buronius">Buronius</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Graecopithecus" title="Graecopithecus">Graecopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Nakalipithecus" title="Nakalipithecus">Nakalipithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Ouranopithecus" title="Ouranopithecus">Ouranopithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Ankarapithecus" title="Ankarapithecus">Ankarapithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Gigantopithecus" title="Gigantopithecus">Gigantopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Indopithecus" title="Indopithecus">Indopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Khoratpithecus" title="Khoratpithecus">Khoratpithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Lufengpithecus" title="Lufengpithecus">Lufengpithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Meganthropus" title="Meganthropus">Meganthropus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">Pongo</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sivapithecus" title="Sivapithecus">Sivapithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position:absolute;transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);;"><a href="/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae">Homininae</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><a href="/wiki/Dryopithecini" title="Dryopithecini">Dryopithecini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anoiapithecus" title="Anoiapithecus">Anoiapithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Danuvius_guggenmosi" title="Danuvius guggenmosi">Danuvius</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dryopithecus" title="Dryopithecus">Dryopithecus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hispanopithecus" title="Hispanopithecus">Hispanopithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pierolapithecus" title="Pierolapithecus">Pierolapithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudapithecus" title="Rudapithecus">Rudapithecus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Gorillini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Chororapithecus" title="Chororapithecus">Chororapithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">Gorilla</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Nakalipithecus" title="Nakalipithecus">Nakalipithecus</a></i>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pan_(genus)" title="Pan (genus)">Pan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hominina" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominina">Hominina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus" title="Ardipithecus">Ardipithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus">Australopithecus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Graecopithecus" title="Graecopithecus">Graecopithecus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Kenyanthropus" title="Kenyanthropus">Kenyanthropus</a></i></li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Orrorin" title="Orrorin">Orrorin</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Sahelanthropus" title="Sahelanthropus">Sahelanthropus</a></i>?</li> <li><abbr title="Extinct" aria-label="Extinct" style="border: none; text-decoration: none; cursor: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;">†</abbr><i><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus" title="Paranthropus">Paranthropus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span style="display: inline-block; transform: scaleX(-1);"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gigantopithecus.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Gigantopithecus blacki"><img alt="Gigantopithecus blacki" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gigantopithecus.png/140px-Gigantopithecus.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gigantopithecus.png/210px-Gigantopithecus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Gigantopithecus.png/280px-Gigantopithecus.png 2x" data-file-width="2634" data-file-height="2123" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Symphalangus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1962797" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q1962797">Q1962797</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Symphalangus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Symphalangus">Symphalangus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id607905">607905</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=24407">24407</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/645SV">645SV</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/4267276">4267276</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/71924">71924</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1041074">1041074</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=943984">943984</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=12100784">12100784</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=325166">325166</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=712905">712905</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=158835">158835</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Symphalangus syndactylus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213889" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q213889">Q213889</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Symphalangus_syndactylus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Symphalangus syndactylus">Symphalangus syndactylus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Symphalangus_syndactylus/">Symphalangus_syndactylus</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=24408">24408</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/7B78J">7B78J</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">ECOS: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecos.fws.gov/ecp/species/1766">1766</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/1038643">1038643</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/4267277">4267277</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/75115">75115</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=944293">944293</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/39779">39779</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Mammalogists#Mammal_Diversity_Database" title="American Society of Mammalogists">MDD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mammaldiversity.org/taxon/1000743">1000743</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=12100785">12100785</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9590">9590</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/84024/">84024</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=417961">417961</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=234329">234329</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/CITES" title="CITES">Species+</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://speciesplus.net/#/taxon_concepts/5340">5340</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierstimmenarchiv" class="extiw" title="de:Tierstimmenarchiv">TSA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tierstimmen.org/en/database?field_spec_species_target_id_selective=17170">17170</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Simia syndactyla</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41167995" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q41167995">Q41167995</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/8348094">8348094</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=945067">945067</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/343A1E7E-AE76-4328-91E2-8E9CD1226A59">343A1E7E-AE76-4328-91E2-8E9CD1226A59</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Hylobates syndactylus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46679442" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q46679442">Q46679442</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3NFRZ">3NFRZ</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/5219551">5219551</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10220342">10220342</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=573079">573079</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siamang&oldid=1258454035">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Siamang&oldid=1258454035</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:IUCN_Red_List_endangered_species" title="Category:IUCN Red List endangered species">IUCN Red List endangered species</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Gibbons" 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