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'mainmenuopen' : '')" i-amphtml-binding> <div class="ap-o-header"> <a class="ap-o-header-home" href="/fr/"> <svg class="ap-o-header-home-logo"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#logo"/></svg> <span class="ap-o-header-home-title">AMP</span> </a> <nav class="ap-o-header-main"> <div class="ap-o-header-main-item"> <button class="ap-o-header-main-link -tw "> À propos <div class="ap-a-ico ap-o-header-main-link-icon"> <svg><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#angle-down-solid"/></svg> </div> </button> <ul class="ap-o-header-flyout"> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link websites" href="/fr/about/websites/"> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-icon websites"> <svg><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#amp-websites"/></svg> </div> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-info ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-info-websites"> <div 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class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-info ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-info-ads"> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title">Annonces AMP</div> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-description">Annonces ultra rapides sur le Web</div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link email" href="/fr/about/email/"> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-icon email"> <svg><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#amp-email"/></svg> </div> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-info ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-info-email"> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title">E-mail AMP</div> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-description">L'e-mail nouvelle génération</div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-secondary"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title secondary" href="/fr/about/how-amp-works/">Comment AMP fonctionne</a> </li> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-secondary"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title secondary" href="/fr/about/mission-and-vision/">Vision et mission</a> </li> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-secondary"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title secondary" href="/fr/about/use-cases/">Cas d'utilisation</a> </li> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-secondary"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title secondary" href="/fr/success-stories/">Exemples de réussite</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="ap-o-header-main-item"> <button class="ap-o-header-main-link -tw "> Documentation <div class="ap-a-ico ap-o-header-main-link-icon"> <svg><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#angle-down-solid"/></svg> </div> </button> <ul class="ap-o-header-flyout"> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-secondary"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title secondary" href="/fr/documentation/">Commencer</a> </li> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link " href="/fr/documentation/guides-and-tutorials/"> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-icon "> <svg><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#guides-documents"/></svg> </div> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-info"> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title">Guides et tutoriels</div> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-description">Premiers pas avec AMP</div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link " href="/fr/documentation/components/"> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-icon "> <svg><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#components-flyout"/></svg> </div> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-info"> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title">Composants</div> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-description">La bibliothèque AMP complète</div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link " href="/fr/documentation/examples/"> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-icon "> <svg><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#examples-flyout"/></svg> </div> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-info"> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title">Exemples</div> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-description">Hands-on introduction to AMP</div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link " href="/fr/documentation/courses/"> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-icon "> <svg><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#learn"/></svg> </div> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-info"> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title">Cours</div> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-description">Apprenez à utiliser AMP grâce à des cours gratuits</div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link " href="/fr/documentation/templates/"> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-icon "> <svg><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#template"/></svg> </div> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-info"> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title">Modèles</div> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-description">Prêts à l'emploi</div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link " href="/fr/documentation/tools/"> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-icon "> <svg><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#wrench"/></svg> </div> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-primary-item-link-info"> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title">Outils</div> <div class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-description">Commencez à créer</div> </div> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="ap-o-header-main-item"> <button class="ap-o-header-main-link -tw "> Communauté <div class="ap-a-ico ap-o-header-main-link-icon"> <svg><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#angle-down-solid"/></svg> </div> </button> <ul class="ap-o-header-flyout"> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-secondary"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title secondary" href="/fr/documentation/guides-and-tutorials/contribute/">Contribuer</a> </li> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-secondary"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title secondary" href="/fr/community/roadmap/">Feuille de route</a> </li> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-secondary"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title secondary" href="/fr/community/governance/">Gouvernance</a> </li> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-secondary"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title secondary" href="/fr/community/working-groups/access-subscriptions/">Groupes de travail</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="ap-o-header-main-item"> <button class="ap-o-header-main-link -tw "> Événements <div class="ap-a-ico ap-o-header-main-link-icon"> <svg><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#angle-down-solid"/></svg> </div> </button> <ul class="ap-o-header-flyout"> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-secondary"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title secondary" href="/fr/events/amp-fest-2020/">AMP Fest 2020</a> </li> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-secondary"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title secondary" href="/fr/events/amp-roadshow/">Tournée AMP</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="ap-o-header-main-item"> <a class="ap-o-header-main-link -tw" href="https://blog.amp.dev">Blog</a> </div> <div class="ap-o-header-main-item"> <button class="ap-o-header-main-link -tw "> Assistance <div class="ap-a-ico ap-o-header-main-link-icon"> <svg><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#angle-down-solid"/></svg> </div> </button> <ul class="ap-o-header-flyout"> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-secondary"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title secondary" href="/fr/support/">Aide</a> </li> <li class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-secondary"> <a class="ap-o-header-flyout-item-title secondary" href="/fr/support/faq/">FAQ</a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div class="-tv"> <span class="-tm" aria-label="Sélectionner une langue" tabindex="-1"> <span class="-tw">FR</span> <div class="ap-a-ico -ty"> <svg><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#angle-down-solid"/></svg> </div> </span> <input class="-tg" type="checkbox" name="language-selector"> <div class="-tb" role="list"> <a class="-tw" href="/about/how-amp-works/" role="listitem">English</a> <a class="-tw" href="/de/about/how-amp-works/" role="listitem">Deutsch</a> <a class="-tw" href="/ar/about/how-amp-works/" role="listitem">العربية</a> <a class="-tw" href="/es/about/how-amp-works/" role="listitem">Español</a> <a class="-tw" href="/it/about/how-amp-works/" role="listitem">Italiano</a> <a class="-tw" href="/id/about/how-amp-works/" role="listitem">Indonesia</a> <a class="-tw" href="/ja/about/how-amp-works/" role="listitem">日本語</a> <a class="-tw" href="/ko/about/how-amp-works/" role="listitem">한국어</a> <a class="-tw" href="/pt_br/about/how-amp-works/" role="listitem">Português</a> <a class="-tw" href="/ru/about/how-amp-works/" role="listitem">Русский</a> <a class="-tw" href="/tr/about/how-amp-works/" role="listitem">Türkçe</a> <a class="-tw" href="/zh_cn/about/how-amp-works/" role="listitem">中文</a> <a class="-tw" href="/pl/about/how-amp-works/" role="listitem">Polski</a> <a class="-tw" href="/vi/about/how-amp-works/" role="listitem">Tiếng việt</a> </div> </div> </div> </header> <label class="ap-o-burger-menu-label" on="tap:AMP.setState({mainmenuopen: !mainmenuopen, noScrollState: !noScrollState})" [class]="'ap-o-burger-menu-label ' + (mainmenuopen ? 'mainmenuopen ' : '')" for="burger-menu" tabindex="0" role="button" aria-label="Menu à tiroir" i-amphtml-binding> <div class="ap-a-ico ap-o-burger-menu-icon"> <svg><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#menu"/></svg> </div> </label> <nav class="ap-o-burger-menu" [class]="mainmenuopen ? 'ap-o-burger-menu mainmenuopen' : 'ap-o-burger-menu'" i-amphtml-binding> <ul class="-th"> <li class="-tp"> <label class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tw "> À propos </label> <input class="-td" type="checkbox" aria-label="About"> <span class="nav-icon"> <svg class="ap-a-ico"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#angle-down-solid"/></svg> </span> <ul class="-th"> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/about/websites/"> Sites Web AMP </a> </li> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/about/stories/"> Web Stories </a> </li> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/about/ads/"> Annonces AMP </a> </li> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/about/email/"> E-mail AMP </a> </li> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/about/how-amp-works/"> Comment AMP fonctionne </a> </li> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/about/mission-and-vision/"> Vision et mission </a> </li> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/about/use-cases/"> Cas d'utilisation </a> </li> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/success-stories/"> Exemples de réussite </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="-tp"> <label class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tw "> Documentation </label> <input class="-td" type="checkbox" aria-label="Documentation"> <span class="nav-icon"> <svg class="ap-a-ico"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#angle-down-solid"/></svg> </span> <ul class="-th"> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/documentation/"> Commencer </a> </li> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/documentation/guides-and-tutorials/"> Guides et tutoriels </a> </li> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/documentation/components/"> Composants </a> </li> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/documentation/examples/"> Exemples </a> </li> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/documentation/courses/"> Cours </a> </li> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/documentation/templates/"> Modèles </a> </li> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/documentation/tools/"> Outils </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="-tp"> <label class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tw "> Communauté </label> <input class="-td" type="checkbox" aria-label="Community"> <span class="nav-icon"> <svg class="ap-a-ico"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#angle-down-solid"/></svg> </span> <ul class="-th"> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/documentation/guides-and-tutorials/contribute/"> Contribuer </a> </li> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/community/roadmap/"> Feuille de route </a> </li> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/community/governance/"> Gouvernance </a> </li> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/community/working-groups/access-subscriptions/"> Groupes de travail </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="-tp"> <label class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tw "> Événements </label> <input class="-td" type="checkbox" aria-label="Events"> <span class="nav-icon"> <svg class="ap-a-ico"><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#angle-down-solid"/></svg> </span> <ul class="-th"> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/events/amp-fest-2020/"> AMP Fest 2020 </a> </li> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tx" href="/fr/events/amp-roadshow/"> Tournée AMP </a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tw" href="https://blog.amp.dev">Blog</a> </li> <li class="-tp"> <a class="ap-o-burger-menu-link -tw " href="/fr/support/"> Aide </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <main class="ap--main -oh"> <section class="-tf"> <div class="ap-m-jumbo"> <div class="ap-a-ico"> <svg><use xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="#code-architecture"/></svg> </div> <h1 class="ap-m-jumbo-headline">Comment AMP fonctionne</h1> <p class="ap-m-jumbo-copy">Les optimisations suivantes, lorsqu'elles sont combinées, sont la raison pour laquelle les pages AMP sont si rapides qu'elles semblent se charger instantanément. Il y a 7 raisons au total, mais si vous n'avez pas le temps de tout lire, regardez simplement la vidéo explicative :</p> <figure class="ap-a-video"> <amp-youtube class="ap-a-video-video i-amphtml-layout-responsive i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-videoid="9Cfxm7cikMY" layout="responsive" width="16" height="9" i-amphtml-layout="responsive"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" style="display:block;padding-top:56.25%"></i-amphtml-sizer></amp-youtube> </figure> </div> <div class="ap-m-copy ap-m-copy-left-small"> <h2>Exécution asynchrone de l'intégralité du JavaScript AMP</h2> <p>JavaScript est puissant et peut modifier à peu près tous les aspects de la page, mais il peut également bloquer la création du DOM et retarder le rendu de la page (voir aussi <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/critical-rendering-path/adding-interactivity-with-javascript">Ajouter de l'interactivité avec JavaScript</a>). Pour empêcher JavaScript de retarder le rendu des pages, AMP autorise uniquement le JavaScript asynchrone. </p> <p>Les composants AMP comprennent certes du JavaScript intégré, mais ils sont soigneusement conçus pour s'assurer qu'ils ne provoquent pas de dégradation des performances. </p> <p>Bien que le JS personnalisé soit autorisé dans <a href="/fr/documentation/components/amp-script/"><code>amp-script</code></a> et que le JS tiers soit autorisé dans les iframes, il ne peut pas bloquer le rendu. Par exemple, si un JS tiers utilise l'API <a href="http://www.stevesouders.com/blog/2012/04/10/dont-docwrite-scripts/">très mauvaise pour les performances <code>document.write</code></a>, l'affichage de la page principale n'en est pas pour autant bloqué.</p> </div> <div class="ap-m-copy ap-m-copy-center-small"> <h2>Dimensionnez toutes les ressources de manière statique</h2> <p>Les ressources externes telles que les images, annonces ou iframes doivent indiquer leur taille dans le code HTML afin qu'AMP puisse déterminer la taille et la position de chaque élément avant le téléchargement des ressources. AMP charge la mise en page de la page sans attendre le téléchargement des ressources. </p> <p>AMP dissocie la mise en page du document de celle des ressources. Une seule requête HTTP est nécessaire pour mettre en page l'ensemble du document (<a href="#font-triggering-must-be-efficient">+polices</a>). Étant donné qu'AMP est optimisé pour éviter les recalculs et les mises en page de style chronophages dans le navigateur, aucune nouvelle mise en page n'a lieu lors du chargement des ressources.</p> </div> <div class="ap-m-copy ap-m-copy-right-small"> <h2>Ne laissez pas les mécanismes d'extension empêcher le rendu</h2> <p>AMP empêche les mécanismes d'extension de bloquer le rendu des pages. AMP prend en charge des extensions pour des éléments tels que <a href="/fr/documentation/components/amp-lightbox-v1.0/">les lightboxes</a>, <a href="/fr/documentation/components/amp-instagram-v1.0/">les éléments Instagram intégrés</a>, <a href="/fr/documentation/components/amp-twitter-v1.0/">les tweets</a>, etc. Bien que ceux-ci nécessitent des requêtes HTTP supplémentaires, ces requêtes ne bloquent pas la mise en page et le rendu des pages.</p> <p>Toute page qui utilise un script personnalisé doit indiquer au système AMP qu'il y aura éventuellement une balise personnalisée. Par exemple, le script <a href="/fr/documentation/components/amp-iframe-v1.0/"><code>amp-iframe</code></a> indique au système qu'il y aura une balise <code>amp-iframe</code>. AMP crée la boîte iframe avant même de savoir ce qu'elle comprendra :</p> <div class="-ta"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">script</span> <span class="na">async</span> <span class="na">custom-element</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"amp-iframe"</span> <span class="na">src</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-iframe-0.1.js"</span><span class="p">></</span><span class="nt">script</span><span class="p">></span> </code></pre></div> </div> <div class="ap-m-copy ap-m-copy-left-small"> <h2>Écartez tout JavaScript tiers du chemin critique</h2> <p>Les JS tiers aiment utiliser le chargement JS synchrone. Ils aiment également intégrer d'autres scripts de synchronisation avec <code>document.write</code>. Par exemple, si vous avez cinq annonces sur votre page et que chacune d'entre elles provoque trois chargements synchrones, chacun avec une connexion d'une seconde de latence, vous passez 15 secondes à charger du JS uniquement.</p> <p>Les pages AMP autorisent le JavaScript tiers, mais uniquement dans des iframes en bac à sable. En les restreignant aux iframes, elles les empêchent de bloquer l'exécution de la page principale. Même s'ils déclenchent plusieurs recalculs de style, leurs minuscules iframes impliquent des DOM légers. </p> <p>Le temps nécessaire pour effectuer les recalculs de style et les mises en page est limité selon la taille du DOM. Ainsi, les recalculs d'iframes sont très rapides par rapport au recalcul des styles et de la mise en page de la page.</p> </div> <div class="ap-m-copy ap-m-copy-center-small"> <h2>Tout le code CSS doit être intégré au code de la page et limité en termes de taille</h2> <p>Le CSS bloque tout affichage, bloque le chargement des pages et a tendance à être volumineux. Dans les pages AMPHTML, seuls les styles intégrés au code HTML sont autorisés. Cela supprime une ou plusieurs requêtes HTTP du chemin de rendu critique par rapport à ce que demande la plupart des pages Web. </p> <p>En outre, la feuille de style intégrée au code HTML correspond à une taille maximale de 50 kilooctets. Bien que cette taille soit suffisamment grande pour les pages très sophistiquées, elle exige quand même une bonne hygiène CSS de la part de l'auteur.</p> </div> <div class="ap-m-copy ap-m-copy-right-small"> <h2>L'activation des polices doit être efficace</h2> <p>Dans la mesure où les polices Web sont très grandes, <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/optimizing-content-efficiency/webfont-optimization">l'optimisation des polices Web</a> est cruciale pour assurer de bonnes performances. Sur une page typique qui présente quelques scripts de synchronisation et quelques feuilles de style externes, le navigateur met du temps à lancer le téléchargement de ces énormes polices.</p> <p>Le système AMP ne lance aucune requête HTTP tant que le téléchargement des polices n'a pas démarré. Cela n'est possible que parce que, avec AMP, l'ensemble du JS est doté de l'attribut async et que seules les feuilles de style intégrées au code HTML sont autorisées. En conséquence, aucune requête HTTP n'empêche le navigateur de télécharger des polices.</p> </div> <div class="ap-m-copy ap-m-copy-left-small"> <h2>Minimisez les recalculs de style</h2> <p>Chaque fois que vous effectuez une mesure, cela déclenche des recalculs de style chronophages tandis que le navigateur doit remettre en page toute la page. Avec les pages AMP, toutes les lectures du DOM ont lieu avant les écritures. Cela garantit un maximum d'un seul recalcul de styles par frame. </p> <p>Apprenez-en plus sur l'impact des recalculs de style et de la mise en page sur <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/rendering/">les performances de rendu</a>.</p> </div> <div class="ap-m-copy ap-m-copy-center-small"> <h2>Exécutez uniquement des animations accélérées par GPU</h2> <p>La seule façon d'obtenir des optimisations rapides consiste à les exécuter sur le GPU. Le GPU connaît les calques et sait comment effectuer certaines opérations sur ces calques. Il peut les déplacer ou les estomper, mais il ne peut pas mettre à jour la mise en page, c'est pourquoi il transmettra cette tâche au navigateur, et ça, ce n'est pas bon.</p> <p>Les règles pour le CSS relatif aux animations garantissent que les animations peuvent être accélérées par le GPU. Plus précisément, AMP autorise uniquement l'animation et la transition via les propriétés transform et opacity afin que la mise en page ne soit pas requise. Apprenez-en plus sur <a href="https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/rendering/stick-to-compositor-only-properties-and-manage-layer-count">l’utilisation de « transform » et « opacity » pour les changements animés</a>.</p> </div> <div class="ap-m-copy ap-m-copy-left-small"> <h2>Priorisez le chargement des ressources</h2> <p>AMP contrôle tous les téléchargements de ressources : il privilégie le chargement des ressources, en ne chargeant que ce qui est nécessaire, et pré-extrait les ressources à chargement différé.</p> <p>Lorsqu'AMP télécharge des ressources, il optimise les téléchargements afin que les ressources les plus importantes à ce moment précis soient téléchargées en priorité. Les images et les annonces ne sont téléchargées que si elles sont susceptibles d'être vues par l'utilisateur, au premier plan, ou si l'utilisateur est susceptible de les atteindre rapidement en faisant défiler le contenu.</p> <p>AMP pré-extrait également des ressources à chargement différé. Les ressources sont chargées le plus tard possible, mais récupérées le plus tôt possible. De cette façon, le chargement est très rapide, mais le processeur n'est utilisé que lorsque les ressources sont réellement présentées aux utilisateurs.</p> </div> <div class="ap-m-copy ap-m-copy-right-small"> <h2>Chargez vos pages instantanément</h2> <p>La nouvelle <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/resource-hints/#dfn-preconnect">API de pré-connexion</a> est utilisée intensivement pour garantir que les requêtes HTTP soient aussi rapides que possible lorsqu'elles sont effectuées. Ainsi, une page peut être rendue avant que l'utilisateur déclare explicitement qu'il souhaite y accéder. La page pourra de cette manière être déjà disponible au moment où l'utilisateur la sélectionne, ce qui permettra un chargement instantané.</p> <p>Bien que le pré-rendu puisse être appliqué à tout contenu Web, il peut également utiliser beaucoup de bande passante et mobiliser le CPU. AMP est optimisé pour réduire ces deux facteurs. Le pré-rendu télécharge uniquement les ressources au premier plan et aucun rendu des éléments qui pourraient excessivement solliciter le CPU n'a lieu à ce moment.</p> <p>Lorsque les documents AMP sont prérendus pour un chargement instantané, seules les ressources au premier plan sont réellement téléchargées. 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