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class="icon-eere-print"></i><br /> Print </a> </div> <div class="span12"> <a href="#cancel" id="print_preview_cancel"> <i class="icon-eere-close"></i><br /> Close </a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="print_header" class="row-fluid visible-print"> <h3>U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy</h3> <h4>Alternative Fuels Data Center</h4> </div> <div class="container-fluid hidden-print"> <div id="utility_line" class="row-fluid"> <div id="breadcrumb" class="span18"> <div><a href="http://www.eere.energy.gov/">EERE</a> » <a href="/">AFDC</a> » <a href="/laws">Laws & <span class="primary-nav-break">Incentives</span></a> » <span>Federal</span></div> </div> <div class="span6 last"> <ul id="utilities"> <li id="print" class="hidden-phone hidden-tablet"><a href="#printable"><i class="icon-eere-utility-print"></i>Printable Version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row-fluid"> <div class="span4 hidden-print"> <div class="accordion plus-minus-accordion plus-minus-accordion-grey hidden-print" id="left_nav_accordion"> <div class="accordion-group"> <div class="accordion-heading visible-phone collapsed"> <a href="#left_nav" class="accordion-toggle" data-toggle="collapse"> <span class="accordion-hidden-expanded"> <i class="icon-eere-accordion-plus-grey"></i> </span> <span class="accordion-visible-expanded"> <i class="icon-eere-accordion-minus-grey"></i> </span> More in this section... </a> </div> <div id="left_nav" class="accordion-body collapse-phone"> <ul><li><a href="/laws/search">Search</a></li><li class="selected active-leaf"><a class="selected" href="/laws/fed_summary">Federal</a></li><li><a href="/laws/state">State</a></li><li><a href="/laws/local_examples">Local Examples</a></li><li><a href="/laws/utility-program-development">Utility Programs</a></li><li><a href="/laws/matrix">Summary Tables</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="span20" id="main_content">  <h1>Key Federal Legislation</h1> <p> The information below includes a brief <a href="#chronology">chronology</a> and <a href="#summaries">summaries</a> of key federal legislation related to alternative fuels and vehicles, air quality, fuel efficiency, and other transportation topics. </p> <h2 id="chronology">Chronology of Federal Legislation</h2> <p class="clearboth">Alternative fuel and fuel economy legislation dates back to the <a href="#caa70">Clean Air Act of 1970</a>, which created initiatives to reduce mobile sources of pollutants. In 1975, the <a href="#epca1975">Energy Policy and Conservation Act</a> established Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards and required the distribution of fuel economy information to consumers. To incentivize alternative fuel vehicle development, the <a href="#amfa">Alternative Motor Fuels Act</a> of 1988 established vehicle manufacturer incentives in the form of CAFE credits.</p> <p>The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA) laid the foundation for highway construction and safety programs. Subsequent <a href="#surface">Surface Transportation Acts</a> include the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) of 1998, and the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU), enacted in 2005, the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century (MAP-21) Act, enacted in 2012, the Fixing America's Surface Transportation (FAST) Act, enacted in 2015, and the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL), enacted as the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act in 2021. Each of these acts authorizes funds for highway construction, highway safety, and public transportation programs. Recent surface transportation acts also include provisions related to alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) and infrastructure.</p> <p>The <a href="#epact92">Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 1992</a> established regulations requiring certain federal, state, and alternative fuel provider fleets to build an inventory of AFVs. It was amended several times, including via the Energy Conservation and Reauthorization Act of 1998 and via <a href="#epact05">EPAct of 2005</a>, which contained provisions regarding alternative fuel use and infrastructure development.</p> <p>The <a href="#eisa">Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007</a> included provisions to increase the supply of renewable fuel sources and raise CAFE standards to 35 miles per gallon by 2020. The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act authorized the <a href="#ext">Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008</a>, which provided several provisions related to tax credits and exemptions for alternative fuels and fuel-efficient technologies.</p> <p>The <a href="#recovery">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009</a> appropriated nearly $800 billion towards the creation of jobs, economic growth, tax relief, improvements in education and healthcare, infrastructure modernization, and investments in energy independence and renewable energy technologies.</p> <p>The <a href="#taxrelief">Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010</a>, the <a href="#taxrelief2012">American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012</a>, the <a href="#tipa2014">Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014</a>, the <a href="#conap2016">Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016</a>, the <a href="#conap2020">Further Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2020</a>, the <a href="#conap2021">Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021</a>, and the <a href="#ira2022">Inflation Reduction Act of 2022</a>, extended and reinstated a number of alternative fuel tax credits. This section summarizes these laws.</p> <div class="autoheight" style="height:20px;"> <div class="floatleft"><h2 id="summaries">Legislation Summaries</h2></div> <div align="right"><a href="#nav">Back to Top</a></div> </div> <p class="clearboth"> Below are summaries of selected sections of federal legislation related to alternative fuels and advanced transportation technologies.</p> <ul> <li><a href="#ira2022">Inflation Reduction Act of 2022</a></li> <li><a href="#bil">Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021)</a></li> <li><a href="#conap2021">Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021</a></li> <li><a href="#conap2020">Further Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2020</a></li> <li><a href="#conap2016">Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016</a></li> <li><a href="#tipa2014">Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014</a></li> <li><a href="#taxrelief2012">American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012</a></li> <li><a href="#taxrelief">Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010</a></li> <li><a href="#recovery">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="#ext">Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008</a></li> <li><a href="#eisa">Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007</a></li> <li><a href="#epact05">Energy Policy Act in 2005</a></li> <li><a href="#epact92">Energy Policy Act of 1992</a></li> <li><a href="#surface">Surface Transportation Acts</a></li> <li><a href="#caaa90">Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="#amfa">Alternative Motor Fuels Act of 1988</a></li> <li><a href="#caa70">Clean Air Act of 1970</a></li> </ul> <div class="autoheight" style="height:20px;"> <div class="floatleft"> <h3 id="ira2022">Inflation Reduction Act of 2022</h3> </div> <div align="right"><a href="#nav">Back to Top</a></div> </div> <p><em>Enacted August 16, 2022</em><br>The Inflation Reduction Act (<a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/5376/text">Public Law 117-169</a>) creates and extends several alternative fuel tax incentives. The law modifies and extends the Clean Vehicle Tax Credit, creates the Previously Owned Clean Vehicles Tax Credit, creates the Qualified Commercial Clean Vehicles Tax Credit, extends the Alternative Fuel Refueling Tax Credit, and extends the Advanced Energy Project Credit. These tax credits are available through December 31, 2032. For a summary of the provisions related to alternative fuels and vehicles, alternative fuel infrastructure, and other transportation topics, see the <a href="/laws/inflation-reduction-act-summary">Inflation Reduction Act summary table</a>.</p> <div class="autoheight" style="height:20px;"> <div class="floatleft"> <h3 id="bil">Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021)</h3> </div> <div align="right"><a href="#nav">Back to Top</a></div> </div> <p><em>Enacted November 15, 2021</em><br>The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL), enacted as the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act of 2021 (<a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-bill/3684/actions">Public Law 117-58</a>), continues the authorization of the national surface transportation legislation and appropriates $550 billion for new infrastructure investments. The BIL supports a variety of alternative fuel and advanced vehicle technologies through grant programs, studies, technology standards, loans, research and development, fleet funding, and other measures. BIL provisions increase investment in electric vehicle supply equipment, alternative fuel infrastructure, electric vehicle batteries, electricity grid upgrades, and light-, medium-, and heavy-duty zero emission vehicles. For a summary of the provisions related to alternative fuels and vehicles, air quality, fuel efficiency, and other transportation topics, see the <a href="/laws/infrastructure-investment-jobs-act">BIL summary table</a>.</p> <div class="autoheight" style="height:20px;"> <div class="floatleft"> <h3 id="conap2021">Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021</h3> </div> <div align="right"><a href="#nav">Back to Top</a></div> </div> <p><em>Enacted December 27, 2020</em><br /> The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2021 (<a href="https://www.congress.gov/116/bills/hr133/BILLS-116hr133enr.pdf">Public Law 116-260</a>) extends several alternative fuel tax incentives. The law extends, effective through December 31, 2021, the alternative fuel infrastructure tax credit, the excise tax credit for alternative fuels and alternative fuel mixtures, and the fuel cell motor vehicle tax credit. It also extends the tax credit for second-generation biofuel production and the tax credit for qualified two-wheeled plug-in electric-drive motor vehicles, effective through January 1, 2022. </p> <div class="autoheight" style="height:20px;"> <div class="floatleft"> <h3 id="conap2020">Further Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2020</h3> </div> <div align="right"><a href="#nav">Back to Top</a></div> </div> <p><em>Enacted December 20, 2019</em><br /> The Further Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2020 (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-116publ94/pdf/PLAW-116publ94.pdf">Public Law 116-94</a>) retroactively reinstates and extends several alternative fuel tax incentives. The law reinstates, effective through December 31, 2020, the alternative fuel infrastructure tax credit, the excise tax credit for alternative fuels and alternative fuel mixtures, the tax credit for second-generation biofuel production, the fuel cell motor vehicle tax credit, the special depreciation allowance for second-generation biofuel plant property, the tax credit for small agri-biodiesel production, and the tax credit for qualified two-wheeled plug-in electric-drive motor vehicles. It also reinstates the income and excise tax credit for biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel mixtures, effective through December 31, 2022. </p> <div class="autoheight" style="height:20px;"> <div class="floatleft"><h3 id="conap2016">Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016</h3> </div> <div align="right"><a href="#nav">Back to Top</a></div> </div> <p><em>Enacted December 18, 2015</em><br /> The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-114publ113/pdf/PLAW-114publ113.pdf">Public Law 114-113</a>) retroactively reinstates and extends several alternative fuel tax incentives. The law reinstates, effective through December 31, 2016, the alternative fuel infrastructure tax credit, the excise tax credit for alternative fuels and alternative fuel mixtures, the tax credit for second-generation biofuel production, the income and excise tax credit for biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel mixtures, the fuel cell motor vehicle tax credit, and the special depreciation allowance for second-generation biofuel plant property. It also reinstates the tax credit for qualified two- or three-wheeled plug-in electric-drive motor vehicles. </p> <div class="autoheight" style="height:20px;"> <div class="floatleft"><h3 id="tipa2014">Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014</h3> </div> <div align="right"><a href="#nav">Back to Top</a></div> </div> <p><em>Enacted December 19, 2014</em><br /> The Tax Increase Prevention Act of 2014 (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-113publ295/pdf/PLAW-113publ295.pdf">Public Law 113-295</a>) retroactively reinstates several alternative fuel tax incentives. The law reinstates, effective through December 31, 2014, the alternative fuel infrastructure tax credit, the excise tax credit for alternative fuels, the tax credit for second-generation biofuel production, the income and excise tax credit for biodiesel and renewable diesel fuel mixtures, and the special depreciation allowance for second-generation biofuel plant property. </p> <div class="autoheight" style="height:20px;"> <div class="floatleft"><h3 id="taxrelief2012">American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012</h3> </div> <div align="right"><a href="#nav">Back to Top</a></div> </div> <p><em>Enacted January 2, 2013</em><br /> The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-112hr8enr/pdf/BILLS-112hr8enr.pdf">Public Law 112-240</a>) extends and reinstates several alternative fuel incentives. The law reinstates, effective through December 31, 2013, the alternative fuel infrastructure tax credit, biodiesel income tax credit, biodiesel mixture excise tax credit, and alternative fuel mixture excise tax credits and incorporates a tax credit for two- and three-wheeled plug-in electric vehicles through December 31, 2013. It also extends until December 31, 2013, the second-generation biofuel producer tax credit and second-generation biofuel plant depreciation deduction allowance. In addition, it extends discretionary funding for the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Advanced Biofuel Production Grants and Loan Guarantees, Advanced Biofuel Production Payments, Biodiesel Education Grants, Biomass Research and Development Initiative, and Ethanol Infrastructure Grants and Loan Guarantees.</p> <div class="autoheight" style="height:20px;"> <div class="floatleft"><h3 id="taxrelief">Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010</h3></div> <div align="right"><a href="#nav">Back to Top</a></div> </div> <p><em>Enacted December 17, 2011</em><br /> The Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010 (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-111publ312/pdf/PLAW-111publ312.pdf">Public Law 111-312</a>) extends and reinstates several alternative fuel tax credits. The law extends until December 31, 2011, the qualified alternative fuel vehicle fueling property tax credit, the volumetric ethanol excise tax credit, and the ethanol and biodiesel producer tax credits. It also reinstates, effective January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2011, the alternative fuel and alternative fuel mixture excise tax credits, as well as the biodiesel mixture excise tax credit.</p> <div class="autoheight" style="height:20px;"> <div class="floatleft"><h3 id="recovery">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009</h3></div> <div align="right"><a href="#nav">Back to Top</a></div> </div> <p><em>Enacted February 17, 2009</em><br /> The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-111publ5/pdf/PLAW-111publ5.pdf">Public Law 111-5</a>) appropriates nearly $800 billion towards the creation of jobs, economic growth, tax relief, improvements in education and healthcare, infrastructure modernization, and investments in energy independence and renewable energy technologies. ARRA supports a variety of alternative fuel and advanced vehicle technologies through grant programs, tax credits, research and development, fleet funding, and other measures. For a summary of the provisions related to alternative fuels and vehicles, air quality, fuel efficiency, and other transportation topics, see the <a href="/laws/arra.html">ARRA summary table</a>.</p> <div class="autoheight" style="height:20px;"> <div class="floatleft"><h3 id="ext">Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008</h3></div> <div align="right"><a href="#nav">Back to Top</a></div> </div> <p><em>Enacted October 3, 2008</em><br /> The Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 is Division B of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-110publ343/pdf/PLAW-110publ343.pdf">Public Law 110-343</a>). Title II of Division B of the law includes several provisions related to tax credits and exemptions for alternative fuels and fuel-efficient technologies. For a summary of the relevant provisions, see the <a href="/laws/eiea2008.html">Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 summary table</a>.</p> <div class="autoheight" style="height:20px;"> <div class="floatleft"><h3 id="eisa">Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007</h3></div> <div align="right"><a href="#nav">Back to Top</a></div> </div> <p><em>Enacted December 19, 2007</em><br /> The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-110publ140/pdf/PLAW-110publ140.pdf">Public Law 110-140</a>) aims to improve vehicle fuel economy and reduce U.S. dependence on petroleum. EISA includes provisions to increase the supply of renewable alternative fuel sources by setting a mandatory <a href="/laws/RFS.html">Renewable Fuel Standard</a>, which requires transportation fuel sold in the United States to contain a minimum of 36 billion gallons of renewable fuels annually by 2022. In addition, the law sets the <a href="https://www.nhtsa.gov/laws-regulations/corporate-average-fuel-economy">Corporate Average Fuel Economy</a> standard at 35 miles per gallon for passenger cars and light trucks by the year 2020. EISA also includes grant programs to encourage the development of cellulosic biofuels, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and other emerging electric technologies. The law is projected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 9% by 2030. For a summary of the provisions related to alternative fuels and vehicles, air quality, fuel efficiency, and other transportation topics, see the <a href="/laws/eisa.html">EISA summary table</a>.</p> <div class="autoheight" style="height:20px;"> <div class="floatleft"><h3 id="epact05">Energy Policy Act of 2005</h3></div> <div align="right"><a href="#nav">Back to Top</a></div> </div> <p><em>Enacted August 8, 2005</em><br /> The Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 2005 (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-109publ58/pdf/PLAW-109publ58.pdf">Public Law 109-58</a>) calls for the development of grant programs, demonstration and testing initiatives, and tax incentives that promote alternative fuels and advanced vehicles production and use. EPAct 2005 also amends existing regulations, including fuel economy testing procedures and EPAct 1992 requirements for federal, state, and alternative fuel provider fleets. For a summary of the provisions related to alternative fuels and vehicles, air quality, fuel efficiency, and other transportation topics, see the <a href="/laws/epact_2005">EPAct 2005 summary table</a>.</p> <div class="autoheight" style="height:20px;"> <div class="floatleft"><h3 id="epact92">Energy Policy Act of 1992</h3></div> <div align="right"><a href="#nav">Back to Top</a></div> </div> <p><em>Enacted October 24, 1992</em><br /> The Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 1992 (<a href="https://www.afdc.energy.gov/pdfs/2527.pdf">Public Law 102-486</a>) aims to reduce U.S. dependence on petroleum and improve air quality by addressing all aspects of energy supply and demand, including alternative fuels, renewable energy, and energy efficiency. EPAct 1992 encourages the use of alternative fuels through both regulatory and voluntary activities and approaches the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) carries out. It requires federal, state, and alternative fuel provider fleets to acquire alternative fuel vehicles. EPAct 1992 also defines "alternative fuels" as: methanol, ethanol, and other alcohols; blends of 85% or more of alcohol with gasoline (E85); natural gas and liquid fuels domestically produced from natural gas; propane; hydrogen; electricity; biodiesel (B100); coal-derived liquid fuels; fuels, other than alcohol, derived from biological materials; and P-Series fuels, which were added to the definition in 1999. Under EPAct 1992, DOE has the authority to add more alternative fuels to the list of authorized alternative fuels if certain criteria are met. DOE's Clean Cities and Communities was established in response to EPAct 1992 to implement voluntary alternative fuel vehicle deployment activities. For more information, visit the <a href="https://epact.energy.gov">EPAct</a> website.</p> <div class="autoheight" style="height:20px;"> <div class="floatleft"><h3 id="surface">Surface Transportation Acts</h3></div> <div align="right"><a href="#nav">Back to Top</a></div> </div> <p><em>Enacted December 18, 1991; June 9, 1998; August 10, 2005; July 6, 2012; and November 15, 2021</em><br /> The national surface transportation acts authorize funds for highway construction, and highway safety and public transportation programs. The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) of 1991 (<a href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-105/pdf/STATUTE-105-Pg1914.pdf">Public Law 102-240</a>) establishes the <a href="http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/air_quality/cmaq/">Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality</a> (CMAQ) Improvement Program, which provides funding for projects and programs in air quality non-attainment and maintenance areas to reduce transportation-related emissions. The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) of 1998 (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-105publ178/pdf/PLAW-105publ178.pdf">Public Law 105-178</a>) continues the CMAQ program and establishes the <a href="https://www.transit.dot.gov/funding/grants/clean-fuels-grant-program-5308">Clean Fuels Grant Program</a>, which allows transit systems to apply for and receive grants to purchase or lease clean fuel buses, related equipment or facilities, and use biodiesel. The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-109publ59/pdf/PLAW-109publ59.pdf">Public Law 109-59</a>), enacted in 2005, continues and amends several programs established under ISTEA and TEA-21, including CMAQ and the Clean Fuels Grant Program. SAFETEA-LU also establishes additional programs and incentives related to alternative fuels, advanced vehicles, and fuel efficiency, including the alternative fuel excise tax credit. The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century (MAP-21) Act (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-112hr4348enr/pdf/BILLS-112hr4348enr.pdf">Public Law 112-141</a>), enacted in 2012, continues and amends existing programs, including CMAQ, and establishes additional funding opportunities for alternative fuel infrastructure and research. The Fixing America's Surface Transportation (FAST) Act (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-114hr22enr/pdf/BILLS-114hr22enr.pdf">Public Law 114-94</a>), enacted in 2015, continues CMAQ, but also adds new provisions related to alternative fuels, including the establishment of national alternative fuel station corridors and authorization for federal agencies to install electric vehicle supply equipment for employee use, subject to certain conditions. The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL), enacted as the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act in 2021, contains both the Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021 and the Surface Transportation Investment Act of 2021. BIL continues authorization for national surface transportation legislation, such as CMAQ, and includes provisions to increase investment in electric vehicle supply equipment alternative fuel infrastructure, electric vehicle batteries, electricity grid upgrades, and light-, medium-, and heavy-duty zero emission vehicles.</p> <div class="autoheight" style="height:20px;"> <div class="floatleft"><h3 id="caaa90">Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990</h3></div> <div align="right"><a href="#nav">Back to Top</a></div> </div> <p><em>Enacted November 15, 1990</em><br /> The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-104/pdf/STATUTE-104-Pg2399.pdf">Public Law 101-549</a>) amend the Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1970. CAAA of 1990 substantially increase EPA's regulatory authority and create several initiatives to reduce mobile source pollutants, including establishing fuel quality controls and tighter pollution standards for motor vehicle emissions. For more information, refer to EPA's <a href="http://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/1990-clean-air-act-amendment-summary">Overview of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990</a>.</p> <div class="autoheight" style="height:20px;"> <div class="floatleft"><h3 id="amfa">Alternative Motor Fuels Act</h3></div> <div align="right"><a href="#nav">Back to Top</a></div> </div> <p><em>Enacted October 14, 1988</em><br /> The Alternative Motor Fuels Act (AMFA) of 1988 (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-102/pdf/STATUTE-102-Pg2441.pdf">Public Law 100-494</a>) creates vehicle manufacturer incentives in the form of <a href="https://www.nhtsa.gov/laws-regulations/corporate-average-fuel-economy">Corporate Average Fuel Economy</a> (CAFE) credits for the production of motor vehicles capable of operating on certain alternative fuels. AMFA also directs the U.S. Department of Transportation, in consultation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), to conduct a study and submit a report to Congress evaluating the success of the policy decision to offer CAFE credit calculation incentives for dual-fuel vehicles. DOE submitted the report, <a href="https://one.nhtsa.gov/cars/rules/rulings/CAFE/alternativefuels/index.htm">Effects of the Alternative Motor Fuels Act CAFE Incentives Policy</a>, to Congress in March 2002. AMFA fuel economy provisions were extended by the Automotive Fuel Economy Manufacturing Incentives for Alternative Fueled Vehicles Rule of 2004. AMFA also requires the creation of an alternative fuels education and data resource center. As a result, the Alternative Fuels Data Center was established in 1991 at DOE's National Renewable Energy Laboratory.</p> <div class="autoheight" style="height:20px;"> <div class="floatleft"><h3 id="epca1975">Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) of 1975</h3></div> <div align="right"><a href="#nav">Back to Top</a></div> </div> <p><em>Enacted December 22, 1975</em><br /> The Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) of 1975 (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/COMPS-845/pdf/COMPS-845.pdf">Public Law 94-163</a>) establishes <a href="https://www.nhtsa.gov/laws-regulations/corporate-average-fuel-economy">Corporate Average Fuel Economy</a> (CAFE) standards for on-road vehicles beginning with Model Year (MY) 1978 in order to improve the overall fuel efficiency of new motor vehicles. EPCA grants the U.S. Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration the authority to regulate CAFE standards, with the requirement that new standards may not be proposed more than five model years at a time. EPCA also requires the U.S. Department of Energy to publish and distribute an annual fuel economy guide for consumers. For more information, refer to the <a href="https://www.nhtsa.gov/laws-regulations/corporate-average-fuel-economy">CAFE</a> and <a href="http://www.fueleconomy.gov/">FuelEconomy.gov</a> websites.</p> <div class="autoheight" style="height:20px;"> <div class="floatleft"><h3 id="caa70">Clean Air Act of 1970</h3></div> <div align="right"><a href="#nav">Back to Top</a></div> </div> <p><em>Enacted December 31, 1970</em><br /> The Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1970 (<a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-84/pdf/STATUTE-84-Pg1676.pdf">Public Law 91-604</a>) defines the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) responsibilities for protecting and improving air quality. CAA authorizes the development of comprehensive federal and state regulations to limit both stationary and mobile emissions sources, including authorizing the establishment of <a href="https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants/naaqs-table">National Ambient Air Quality Standards</a> (NAAQS), establishing requirements for State Implementation Plans to achieve these standards, authorizing the establishment of emissions standards for hazardous air pollutants, and authorizing requirements to control motor vehicle emissions. For more information, refer to <a href="https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview">EPA's Overview of the Clean Air Act and Air Pollution</a>.</p>  </div> </div> <footer> <div id="footer_nav" class="row-fluid hidden-print"> <div class="span4"> <div class="footer-nav-list"> <h5><a href="/fuels/">Fuels & Vehicles</a></h5> <ul><li><a href="/fuels/biodiesel">Biodiesel</a></li><li><a href="/fuels/electricity">Electricity</a></li><li><a href="/fuels/ethanol">Ethanol</a></li><li><a href="/fuels/hydrogen">Hydrogen</a></li><li><a href="/fuels/natural-gas">Natural Gas</a></li><li><a href="/fuels/propane">Propane</a></li><li><a href="/fuels/renewable-diesel">Renewable Diesel</a></li><li><a href="/fuels/sustainable-aviation-fuel">Sustainable Aviation Fuel</a></li><li><a href="/fuels/emerging">Emerging Fuels</a></li><li><a href="/fuels/prices.html">Fuel Prices</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="span4"> <div class="footer-nav-list"> <h5><a href="/conserve/">Conserve Fuel</a></h5> <ul><li><a href="/conserve/idle-reduction-basics">Idle Reduction</a></li><li><a href="/conserve/equipment">Parts & Equipment</a></li><li><a href="/conserve/driving-behavior">Driving Behavior</a></li><li><a href="/conserve/rightsizing">Fleet Rightsizing</a></li><li><a href="/conserve/system-efficiency">System Efficiency</a></li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="span4"> <div class="footer-nav-list"> <h5><a href="/stations">Locate Stations</a></h5> <ul> <li><a href="/stations/#/find/nearest">Search by Location</a></li> <li><a href="/stations/#/find/route">Map a Route</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="span4"> <div class="footer-nav-list"> <h5><a href="/laws">Laws & Incentives</a></h5> <ul> <li><a href="/laws/search">Search</a></li> <li><a href="/laws/fed_summary">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/laws/state">State</a></li> <li><a href="/laws/key_legislation">Key Legislation</a></li> <li><a href="/laws/utility-incentives">Utility Incentives</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="span4"> <div class="footer-nav-list"> <h5><a href="/tools">Data & Tools</a></h5> <ul> <li><a href="/widgets/">Widgets</a></li> <li><a href="/data_download/">Data Downloads</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer.nrel.gov/docs/transportation">APIs</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="span4"> <div class="footer-nav-list"> <h5><a href="/about.html">About</a></h5> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.energy.gov/eere/vehicles/vehicle-technologies-office-newsletters">Newsletters</a></li> </ul> <ul><li><a href="/project-assistance">Project Assistance</a></li><li><a href="/contacts">Contacts</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer_details" class="row-fluid"> <div class="span24"> <div class="row-fluid"> <div class="span7"></div> <div class="span10 trs"> <a href="mailto:technicalresponse@icf.com"><img alt="TRS" class="pull-left trs" src="/vite/assets/trs-DCCuckIt.png" /></a> <strong>Need project assistance?</strong> <br> Email the <a href="mailto:technicalresponse@icf.com" class="underline">Technical Response Service</a> or call <a href="tel:800-254-6735" itemprop="telephone" class="underline">800-254-6735</a> </div> </div> <br><br> The AFDC is a resource of the U.S. Department of Energy's <a href="https://energy.gov/eere/vehicles/technology-integration" class="underline">Vehicle Technologies Office</a>. <br><br> <a href="/contacts.html">Contacts</a> | <a href="https://energy.gov/about-us/web-policies">Web Site Policies</a> | <a href="https://energy.gov">U.S. Department of Energy</a> | <a href="https://www.usa.gov">USA.gov</a> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div id="modal_gallery_enlarge" class="modal modal-gallery modal-gallery-enlarge hide"> <div class="modal-header"> <a class="close" data-dismiss="modal">×</a> <h2 class="modal-title"></h2> </div> <div class="modal-body"><div class="modal-image"></div></div> <div class="modal-footer"> <div class="modal-description"></div> </div> </div> </body> </html>