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Edgar Allan - Wikipedia
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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Edgar Allan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Senate" title="Virginia Senate">Virginia Senate</a></span><br />from the <a href="/wiki/Amelia_County,_Virginia" title="Amelia County, Virginia">Amelia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Virginia" title="Cumberland County, Virginia">Cumberland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_County,_Virginia" title="Prince Edward County, Virginia">Prince Edward Counties</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 1, 1874 – December 4, 1877</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Robinson_(Virginia_politician,_born_1822)" title="John Robinson (Virginia politician, born 1822)">John Robinson</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">C.H. Bliss</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1842-02-26</span>)</span>February 26, 1842<br /><a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham, England">Birmingham, England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 28, 1904<span style="display:none">(1904-10-28)</span> (aged 62)<br /><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond, Virginia</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Mary Edna Land</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">Lawyer</a>, printer, farmer, soldier</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data">army</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1863-1865</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">private</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/7th_Michigan_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Michigan Cavalry">7th Michigan Cavalry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shepherdstown" title="Battle of Shepherdstown">Battle of Shepherdstown</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Edgar Allan</b> (February 26, 1842 – October 28, 1904), emigrated from England to become a U.S. soldier during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, then settled in Virginia, where he became a lawyer, a farmer and a leading <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> politician. He served in the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Constitutional_Convention_of_1868" title="Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868">Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868</a> as well as one term in the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Senate" title="Virginia Senate">Virginia Senate</a>. Allan also served as the Commonwealth's attorney for <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_County,_Virginia" title="Prince Edward County, Virginia">Prince Edward County</a>, held various offices in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_of_the_Republic" title="Grand Army of the Republic">Grand Army of the Republic</a> and briefly served as <a href="/wiki/U.S._Attorney_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia">U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EcnVir-Allan_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EcnVir-Allan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_and_family_life">Early and family life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Allan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early and family life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham, England">Birmingham, England</a>, to John Allan and his wife Ann Allan, Edgar Allan was literate and became a typesetter. However, he decided to emigrate to the United States. </p><p>On February 6, 1867, he married Kentucky native Mary Edna Land, with whom he had three daughters and a son. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military">Military</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Allan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Allan emigrated to the United States in 1863 and some months later volunteered to enlist in the <a href="/wiki/7th_Michigan_Cavalry" class="mw-redirect" title="7th Michigan Cavalry">7th Michigan Cavalry</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/George_Armstrong_Custer" title="George Armstrong Custer">George Armstrong Custer</a>. Wounded at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shepherdstown" title="Battle of Shepherdstown">Battle of Shepherdstown</a> in late 1864, Allan returned to service before being discharged at the war's end, but would suffer the effects the rest of his life. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Allan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the war, Allan moved to <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_County,_Virginia" title="Prince Edward County, Virginia">Prince Edward County</a>, and bought a farm. He read law and was admitted to the Virginia bar, then moved to the Prince Edward County seat, <a href="/wiki/Farmville,_Virginia" title="Farmville, Virginia">Farmville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EcnVir-Allan_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EcnVir-Allan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1867, Prince Edward County voters elected him and African-American Republican <a href="/wiki/James_W._D._Bland" title="James W. D. Bland">James W. D. Bland</a> to represent them at <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Constitutional_Convention_of_1868" title="Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868">Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868</a>, which was necessary because Virginia's 1850 Constitution expressly permitted slavery, and the U.S. Congress would not readmit Virginia to the Union (nor seat any of its representatives) until that was corrected. During the Civil War, some Virginians had held a constitutional convention, but that document was never ratified by voters, and most Virginians did not think it valid because so few counties were represented at that constitutional convention. Despite his relatively young age and inexperience, Allan contributed often in the 1868 convention's debates, including his misgivings about certain aspects of the constitution finally drafted because he was concerned that re-enfranchised Confederates would attempt to limit rights of African Americans. Allan nonetheless supported its adoption in 1869, and <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Carlton_Walker" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilbert Carlton Walker">Gilbert Carlton Walker</a> for governor. </p><p>Despite being called a "<a href="/wiki/Carpetbagger" title="Carpetbagger">carpetbagger</a>" and "Yankee Allan", Allan himself won election (and re-election) as the commonwealth's attorney (<a href="/wiki/Prosecutor" title="Prosecutor">prosecutor</a>) for Prince Edward County, a position he held from 1871 to 1883.<sup id="cite_ref-EcnVir-Allan_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EcnVir-Allan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also served as clerk for Farmville's town council until 1883. Meanwhile, his co-delegate, Bland, had been elected to the Virginia Senate in 1869 to represent Prince Edward and neighboring <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_County,_Virginia" title="Charlotte County, Virginia">Charlotte</a> counties, but died on April 27, 1870, during the disastrous collapse at the Virginia state capitol due to overcrowding in anticipation of the Virginia Supreme Court's decision concerning Richmond's contested mayoral election.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the redistricting following the 1870 census (conducted by the 1870/71 legislature), Prince Edward County was combined with <a href="/wiki/Amelia_County,_Virginia" title="Amelia County, Virginia">Amelia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_County,_Virginia" title="Cumberland County, Virginia">Cumberland Counties</a> as a senatorial district (rather than with <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_County,_Virginia" title="Charlotte County, Virginia">Charlotte County</a>). In 1874 voters elected Allan to replace John Robinson in representing this district in the Virginia Senate.<sup id="cite_ref-Swem_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swem-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 194, 196">: 194, 196 </span></sup> C. W. Bliss was elected to replace Allan in 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-Swem_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swem-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 200">: 200 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1883, Allan moved his legal practice to Richmond, where it thrived, and he eventually admitted his son Edgar Allan Jr., so that the law firm became known as "Allan & Allan". He gained considerable acclaim in the African-American community there, especially in 1892 for his representation of Bettie Lewis, the acknowledged mulatto daughter of a rich white industrialist who on his deathbed said he wanted her to inherit his estate, but who died without a will and the administrators refused to follow the oral instructions.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Allan was active in Virginia's Republican Party (and later the <a href="/wiki/Readjuster_Party" title="Readjuster Party">Readjuster Party</a>), as well as <a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_of_the_Republic" title="Grand Army of the Republic">Grand Army of the Republic</a> (GAR). He attended most Republican state conventions, as well as made many speaking tours during campaign season, and sat on the city, county, and district Republican executive committees. Allan became commander of the GAR's <a href="/wiki/Philip_Kearny" title="Philip Kearny">Philip Kearny</a> Post in Richmond (1885–1886), junior vice-commander of the national GAR (1886), and was commander-in-chief of the GAR Constitutional Centennial in 1887. Thus, in his final years, he was referred to as "General Allan" rather than "Yankee Allan."<sup id="cite_ref-EcnVir-Allan_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EcnVir-Allan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1900, Allan challenged former Confederate <a href="/wiki/John_Lamb_(congressman)" title="John Lamb (congressman)">John Lamb</a> to represent <a href="/wiki/Virginia%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Virginia's 3rd congressional district">Virginia's 3rd congressional district</a> (then compact and centered on Richmond, although now meandering through several counties to the south), but did not succeed. President <a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a>, a fellow Republican, appointed Allan as U.S. Attorney for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Eastern_District_of_Virginia" title="United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia">Eastern District of Virginia</a>, but after McKinley's assassination, President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a> refused to renew the appointment.<sup id="cite_ref-EcnVir-Allan_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EcnVir-Allan-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, Roosevelt supported former Confederate and Readjuster <a href="/wiki/Campbell_Slemp" title="Campbell Slemp">Campbell Slemp</a> of southwest Virginia, who after 1903 controlled Republican patronage in the Commonwealth, and who for many years would be the only Republican in the state's Congressional delegation, in part because the Virginia Constitution adopted in 1902 severely restricted voting rights of African Americans and poor whites. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Allan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Distraught at his loss of political power to Slemp's faction of the Virginia Republican party (aligned with President <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a>), as well as continuing to suffer from his Civil War wound, and the onset of <a href="/wiki/Bright%27s_disease" title="Bright's disease">Bright's disease</a>, Allan bought a pistol and cartridge, wrote a note and committed suicide in Richmond, Virginia on October 28, 1904. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edgar_Allan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cynthia Miller Leonard, The General Assembly of Virginia 1619-1978 (Richmond, Virginia State Library 1978) pp. 506,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EcnVir-Allan-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EcnVir-Allan_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EcnVir-Allan_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EcnVir-Allan_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EcnVir-Allan_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EcnVir-Allan_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTunnell2014" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Tunnell, Ted (February 26, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Allan_Edgar_1842-1904#start_entry">"Allan, Edgar (1842–1904)"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Virginia</i>. Virginia Humanities.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Allan%2C+Edgar+%281842%E2%80%931904%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Virginia&rft.pub=Virginia+Humanities&rft.date=2014-02-26&rft.aulast=Tunnell&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediavirginia.org%2FAllan_Edgar_1842-1904%23start_entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdgar+Allan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vacapitol.org/disaster.htm">"The Richmond Calamity"</a>. <i>Harper's Weekly</i>. <b>14</b> (698). May 14, 1870.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harper%27s+Weekly&rft.atitle=The+Richmond+Calamity&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=698&rft.date=1870-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vacapitol.org%2Fdisaster.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdgar+Allan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swem-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Swem_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swem_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwemWilliams1918" class="citation book cs1">Swem, Earl G.; Williams, John W. (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/registerofgenera00virg"><i>A Register of the General Assembly of Virginia, 1776-1918 and of the Constitutional Conventions</i></a>. Davis Bottom, Superintendent of Public Printing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Register+of+the+General+Assembly+of+Virginia%2C+1776-1918+and+of+the+Constitutional+Conventions&rft.pub=Davis+Bottom%2C+Superintendent+of+Public+Printing&rft.date=1918&rft.aulast=Swem&rft.aufirst=Earl+G.&rft.au=Williams%2C+John+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fregisterofgenera00virg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdgar+Allan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarter2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Tarter, Brent (September 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Thomas_s_Administrator_v_Bettie_Thomas_Lewis_1892#start_entry">"Thomas's Administrator v. Bettie Thomas Lewis (1892)"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Virginia</i>. Virginia Humanities.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Thomas%27s+Administrator+v.+Bettie+Thomas+Lewis+%281892%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Virginia&rft.pub=Virginia+Humanities&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.aulast=Tarter&rft.aufirst=Brent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediavirginia.org%2FThomas_s_Administrator_v_Bettie_Thomas_Lewis_1892%23start_entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdgar+Allan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6b7f745dd4‐x86vh Cached time: 20241125124451 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.435 seconds Real time usage: 0.505 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 8210/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 20809/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3067/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 20161/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.211/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6864562/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 485.279 1 -total 53.87% 261.444 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder 22.37% 108.542 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office 18.70% 90.727 1 Template:Reflist 13.97% 67.804 2 Template:Cite_encyclopedia 10.63% 51.605 1 Template:Short_description 9.72% 47.190 1 Template:Country2nationality 7.34% 35.625 2 Template:Rp 7.15% 34.717 1 Template:Birth_date 6.50% 31.539 2 Template:R/superscript --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:57527304:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241125124451 and revision id 1258148577. 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