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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Republican_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Republican_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Republican era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Republican_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>After World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Cultural Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post_1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post_1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Post 1990s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post_1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shopping_centers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shopping_centers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Shopping centers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shopping_centers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Railways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Metro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expressways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expressways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Expressways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expressways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Buses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_contemporary_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_contemporary_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture and contemporary life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_contemporary_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture and contemporary life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_contemporary_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dialect" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialect"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Dialect</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialect-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shopping_centers_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shopping_centers_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Shopping centers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shopping_centers_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_tourist_attractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_tourist_attractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Main tourist attractions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Main_tourist_attractions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Main tourist attractions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Main_tourist_attractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Springs_and_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Springs_and_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Springs and lakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Springs_and_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums_and_libraries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_and_libraries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Museums and libraries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_and_libraries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_Nature_Reserves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_Nature_Reserves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Parks and Nature Reserves</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_Nature_Reserves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education_and_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Education and research</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education and research subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education_and_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Universities_and_colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities_and_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Universities and colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities_and_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provincial_high_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provincial_high_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Provincial high schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provincial_high_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Twin towns and sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_People" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_People"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notable People</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_People-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jinan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 89 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جينان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جينان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="চিনান – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চিনান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A8-l%C3%A2m-chh%C4%AB" title="Chè-lâm-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chè-lâm-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Цзінань – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цзінань" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Дзинан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дзинан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཅི་ནན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཅི་ནན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Цзинань – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Цзинань" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan_(kapital_sa_lalawigan_sa_Pangmasang_Republika_sa_T%C5%9Bina)" title="Jinan (kapital sa lalawigan sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Jinan (kapital sa lalawigan sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A4i-nan" title="Ťi-nan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ťi-nan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan_Shi" title="Jinan Shi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jinan Shi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD" title="Τζινάν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζινάν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%9Cinano" title="Ĝinano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĝinano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF)" title="جینان (شاندونگ) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جینان (شاندونگ)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97" title="濟南 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="濟南" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi-n%C3%A0m-s%E1%B9%B3" title="Chi-nàm-sṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chi-nàm-sṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%82%9C%EC%8B%9C" title="지난시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지난시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%A6%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Ցզինան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցզինան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जीनान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जीनान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Цзинань – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цзинань" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9F" title="ג'ינאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ינאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ძინანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძინანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinanum" title="Cinanum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cinanum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzjina%C5%86a" title="Dzjinaņa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzjinaņa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzinanas" title="Dzinanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dzinanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csinan" title="Csinan – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csinan" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%83%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ѓинан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ѓинан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="जीनान – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जीनान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ძინანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ძინანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1%CC%A4-n%C3%A0ng" title="Cá̤-nàng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cá̤-nàng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Цзинань – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Цзинань" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Жинань – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жинань" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ကျီနန်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကျီနန်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%88%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82" title="済南市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="済南市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Цзинань – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Цзинань" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan_(Shandong)" title="Jinan (Shandong) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jinan (Shandong)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szinan" title="Szinan – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Szinan" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਚੀਨਾਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚੀਨਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جینان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جینان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Цзинань – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цзинань" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhinan" title="Xhinan – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Xhinan" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جینان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="جینان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ђинан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ђинан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சினான் நகரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சினான் நகரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="จี่หนาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จี่หนาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jinan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Цзінань – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цзінань" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جینان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جینان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%89%D9%86%DB%95%D9%86_%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="جىنەن شەھىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="جىنەن شەھىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cijnanz" title="Cijnanz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cijnanz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jinan&params=36.6702_N_117.0207_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-37_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°40′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">117°01′15″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.6702°N 117.0207°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.6702; 117.0207</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of Shandong, China</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Jinan_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jinan (disambiguation)">Jinan (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture-level and sub-provincial city in Shandong, China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Jinan</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="zh-Hans">济南市</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Tsinan, Chi-nan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">sub-provincial city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style=";height:164px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Skyline_of_CBD,_Jinan,_China.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Skyline_of_CBD%2C_Jinan%2C_China.jpg/288px-Skyline_of_CBD%2C_Jinan%2C_China.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Skyline_of_CBD%2C_Jinan%2C_China.jpg/432px-Skyline_of_CBD%2C_Jinan%2C_China.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Skyline_of_CBD%2C_Jinan%2C_China.jpg/576px-Skyline_of_CBD%2C_Jinan%2C_China.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2287" /></a></span></div><div>Skyline of Jinan</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style=";height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Jinan_5196975.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/China_Jinan_5196975.jpg/142px-China_Jinan_5196975.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/China_Jinan_5196975.jpg/213px-China_Jinan_5196975.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/China_Jinan_5196975.jpg/284px-China_Jinan_5196975.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Baotu_Spring" title="Baotu Spring">Baotu Spring</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div style=";height:106px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Jinan_5207305.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/China_Jinan_5207305.jpg/142px-China_Jinan_5207305.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/China_Jinan_5207305.jpg/213px-China_Jinan_5207305.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/China_Jinan_5207305.jpg/284px-China_Jinan_5207305.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Buddha_Mountain" title="Thousand Buddha Mountain">Qianfo Mountain</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style=";height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Jinan_5196869.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/China_Jinan_5196869.jpg/134px-China_Jinan_5196869.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/China_Jinan_5196869.jpg/201px-China_Jinan_5196869.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/China_Jinan_5196869.jpg/268px-China_Jinan_5196869.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3690" data-file-height="2768" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E8%A5%BF%E7%AB%99" class="mw-redirect" title="济南西站">Jinanxi Station</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style=";height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zhixin_Tower_of_SDU.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Zhixin_Tower_of_SDU.jpg/150px-Zhixin_Tower_of_SDU.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Zhixin_Tower_of_SDU.jpg/225px-Zhixin_Tower_of_SDU.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Zhixin_Tower_of_SDU.jpg/300px-Zhixin_Tower_of_SDU.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University" title="Shandong University">Shandong University</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:86px;max-width:86px"><div style=";height:131px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jinan_Greenland_Puli_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Jinan_Greenland_Puli_Center.jpg/84px-Jinan_Greenland_Puli_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Jinan_Greenland_Puli_Center.jpg/126px-Jinan_Greenland_Puli_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Jinan_Greenland_Puli_Center.jpg/168px-Jinan_Greenland_Puli_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1995" data-file-height="3130" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Greenland_Puli_Center" title="Greenland Puli Center">Greenland Puli Center</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quancheng_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Quancheng Square">Quancheng Square</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:100px;max-width:100px"><div style=";height:131px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jinan_Tragedy_Memorial_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Jinan_Tragedy_Memorial_Hall.jpg/98px-Jinan_Tragedy_Memorial_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Jinan_Tragedy_Memorial_Hall.jpg/147px-Jinan_Tragedy_Memorial_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Jinan_Tragedy_Memorial_Hall.jpg/196px-Jinan_Tragedy_Memorial_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3455" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Jinan_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinan Incident">Jinan Incident Monument</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:100px;max-width:100px"><div style=";height:131px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Jinan_5207356.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/China_Jinan_5207356.jpg/98px-China_Jinan_5207356.jpg" decoding="async" width="98" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/China_Jinan_5207356.jpg/147px-China_Jinan_5207356.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/China_Jinan_5207356.jpg/196px-China_Jinan_5207356.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div><div>Gate of <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Buddha_Mountain" title="Thousand Buddha Mountain">Qianfo Mountain</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style=";height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Daming_Lake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Daming_Lake.jpg/288px-Daming_Lake.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Daming_Lake.jpg/432px-Daming_Lake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Daming_Lake.jpg/576px-Daming_Lake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="2892" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Daming_Lake" title="Daming Lake">Daming Lake</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">City of Springs (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">泉城</span></span>)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="7" data-overlays="["_2b66177ff34f9797f03489605651a7bca5c0bd91"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,a,a,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Jinan&revid=1258580487&groups=_2b66177ff34f9797f03489605651a7bca5c0bd91" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,a,a,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Jinan&revid=1258580487&groups=_2b66177ff34f9797f03489605651a7bca5c0bd91 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E7%9C%81%E5%86%85%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A7%88%E5%9B%BE.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Jinan City within Shandong"><img alt="Location of Jinan City within Shandong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E7%9C%81%E5%86%85%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A7%88%E5%9B%BE.svg/250px-%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E7%9C%81%E5%86%85%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A7%88%E5%9B%BE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E7%9C%81%E5%86%85%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A7%88%E5%9B%BE.svg/375px-%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E7%9C%81%E5%86%85%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A7%88%E5%9B%BE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E7%9C%81%E5%86%85%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A7%88%E5%9B%BE.svg/500px-%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E7%9C%81%E5%86%85%E4%BD%8D%E7%BD%AE%E6%A6%82%E8%A7%88%E5%9B%BE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1057" data-file-height="639" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Jinan City within Shandong</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Shandong_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jinan is located in Shandong"><img alt="Jinan is located in Shandong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/China_Shandong_adm_location_map.svg/250px-China_Shandong_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/China_Shandong_adm_location_map.svg/375px-China_Shandong_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/China_Shandong_adm_location_map.svg/500px-China_Shandong_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1162" data-file-height="756" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.553%;left:28.301%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Jinan"><img alt="Jinan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Jinan</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in the <a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Shandong</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Northern_Plain_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Jinan is located in Northern China"><img alt="Jinan is located in Northern China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/China_Northern_Plain_relief_location_map.png/250px-China_Northern_Plain_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/China_Northern_Plain_relief_location_map.png/375px-China_Northern_Plain_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/China_Northern_Plain_relief_location_map.png/500px-China_Northern_Plain_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1461" data-file-height="1248" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.07%;left:70.104%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Jinan"><img alt="Jinan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Jinan</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Jinan (Northern China)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Northern China</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jinan is located in China"><img alt="Jinan is located in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="408" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.388%;left:71.113%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Jinan"><img alt="Jinan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Jinan</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Jinan (China)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of China</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates (Shandong People's Government): <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jinan&params=36.6702_N_117.0207_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-37_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°40′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">117°01′15″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.6702°N 117.0207°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.6702; 117.0207</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Province_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Province (China)">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#County_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">County-level divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Township_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China">Township divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">166</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Jin (斤) Catty. an (一个) one. "Catty one"</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipal seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lixia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lixia District">Lixia District</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial city</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan_Municipal_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jinan Municipal People's Congress (page does not exist)">Jinan Municipal People's Congress</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">CCP Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sun_Licheng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sun Licheng (page does not exist)">Sun Licheng</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan_Municipal_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jinan Municipal People's Congress (page does not exist)">Congress</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Yin Luqian</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sun_Shutao" title="Sun Shutao">Sun Shutao</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Lei Jie</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">sub-provincial city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">10,247 km<sup>2</sup> (3,956 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,122.4 km<sup>2</sup> (2,363.9 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,304 km<sup>2</sup> (1,276 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn">(<a href="/wiki/Jinan_Yaoqiang_International_Airport" title="Jinan Yaoqiang International Airport">Airport</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">23 m (75 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020 census)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">sub-provincial city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">9,202,432</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">900/km<sup>2</sup> (2,300/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,352,574</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,400/km<sup>2</sup> (3,500/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,452,335</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,700/km<sup>2</sup> (4,300/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">Sub-provincial city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CN¥</a> 785.6 trillion<br /><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 118.7 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥ 106,302<br />US$ 16,064</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/China_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="China Standard Time">China Standard</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_code_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal code of China">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">250000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%2B86" class="mw-redirect" title="+86">0531</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CN" title="ISO 3166-2:CN">CN-SD-01</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/License_Plate_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="License Plate (China)">License plate prefixes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-CN"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%B2%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:鲁">鲁</a>A, 鲁S</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinan.gov.cn/">www.jinan.gov.cn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><b>City <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">tree</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Willow" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Willow">Chinese Willow</a>; <b>City <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flower</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Nelumbo_nucifera" title="Nelumbo nucifera">Lotus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rosa_rugosa" title="Rosa rugosa">Rose</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Jinan</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jinan_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Jinan_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/90px-Jinan_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Jinan_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/135px-Jinan_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Jinan_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/180px-Jinan_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="361" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Jǐnán" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:济南">济南</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:濟南">濟南</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"South of the <a href="/wiki/Ji_River" title="Ji River">Ji</a><span class="nowrap"> </span>[River]"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Jǐnán</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄐㄧˇ   ㄋㄢˊ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Jii'nan</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Chi<sup>3</sup>-nan<sup>2</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[tɕì.nǎn]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn">Tsi<sup><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">去</span></span></sup>noe<sup><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">平</span></span></sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Jái-nàahm</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Zai2-naam4</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[tsɐj˧˥.nam˩]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Chè-lâm</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Tsē-lâm</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jinan</b><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the capital of <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> province in <a href="/wiki/East_China" title="East China">Eastern China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a population of 9.2 million, it is one of the largest cities in Shandong in terms of population. The area of present-day Jinan has played an important role in the history of the region from the earliest beginnings of civilization and has evolved into a major national administrative, economic, and transportation hub.<sup id="cite_ref-hktdc_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hktdc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city has held <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">sub-provincial</a> administrative status since 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-hktdc_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hktdc-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jinan is often called the "City of Springs" for its famous 72 <a href="/wiki/Artesian_aquifer" class="mw-redirect" title="Artesian aquifer">artesian</a> springs.<sup id="cite_ref-spr_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spr-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jinan is one of the top 35 cities in the world for scientific research as tracked by the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a> according to the Nature Index 2023 Science Cities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is home to <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Shandong" title="List of universities and colleges in Shandong">several major universities</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Shandong_University" title="Shandong University">Shandong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Normal_University" title="Shandong Normal University">Shandong Normal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Jianzhu_University" title="Shandong Jianzhu University">Shandong Jianzhu</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Jinan" title="University of Jinan">University of Jinan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qilu_University_of_Technology" title="Qilu University of Technology">Qilu University of Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong_University_of_Traditional_Chinese_Medicine" title="Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine">Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shandong_University_of_Finance_and_Economics" title="Shandong University of Finance and Economics">Shandong University of Finance and Economics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notably, <a href="/wiki/Shandong_University" title="Shandong University">Shandong University</a> is one of <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in China">China's most prestigious universities</a> as a member of the <a href="/wiki/Double_First-Class_Construction" title="Double First-Class Construction">Double First-Class Construction</a>. The city is rated Beta- (Global second-tier city) by the biannual <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">GAWC</a> ratings in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The modern-day name <i>Jinan</i> literally means "south of the Ji" and refers to the old <a href="/wiki/Ji_River" title="Ji River">Ji River</a> (濟水) that had flowed to the north of the city until the middle of the 19th century. The Ji River disappeared in 1852<sup id="cite_ref-pletcher2011_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pletcher2011-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> changed its course northwards and took over its bed. The current pronunciation of the character "Ji" with the third tone (<i>jǐ</i>) was established in the late 1970s. Prior to this, it was pronounced with the fourth tone (<i>jì</i>). Older western texts spell the name as "Tsinan" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal</a> romanization) or "Chi-nan" (<a href="/wiki/Wade-Giles" class="mw-redirect" title="Wade-Giles">Wade-Giles</a> romanization).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the times of the <a href="/wiki/Zhou_dynasty" title="Zhou dynasty">Zhou dynasty</a> (1045 BC to 256 BC), the city of Lixia (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8E%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:历">历</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:下">下</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%AD%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:歷">歷</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:下">下</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Lìxià</span></i>) was the major settlement in the area. The name "Lixia" refers to the location of Jinan at the foot of Mount Li, which lies to the south of the city. Today, Lixia is the name of one of the city's districts. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_An" title="Battle of An">Battle of An</a>, which was fought in the area during the <a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn period</a> (in 589 BCE) between the states of <a href="/wiki/Qi_(state)" title="Qi (state)">Qi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jin_(Chinese_state)" title="Jin (Chinese state)">Jin</a>, is named for the ancient city of An (Chinese: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9E%8D" class="extiw" title="wikt:鞍">鞍</a></span>; pinyin: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Ān</span></i>) which stood within the city limits of present-day Jinan. <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a> gives a brief description of Jinan under the name "Chingli"<sup id="cite_ref-eb_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "Chinangli".<sup id="cite_ref-polo_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polo-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 19th and early 20th century texts frequently give the name of the city as "Tsinan Fu" where the additional "Fu" (Chinese: <span lang="zh">府</span>) comes from the dated Chinese term for a provincial capital (Chinese: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%9C%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:省">省</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BA%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:府">府</a></span>). </p><p>Jinan is also referred to by the nickname "City of Springs" (Chinese: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B3%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:泉">泉</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9F%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:城">城</a></span>), because of the many artesian springs in the urban city centre and its surroundings.<sup id="cite_ref-spr_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spr-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The area of present-day Jinan has been inhabited for more than 4000 years. The <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> <a href="/wiki/Longshan_culture" title="Longshan culture">Longshan culture</a> was first discovered at <a href="/wiki/Chengziya" title="Chengziya">Chengziya</a> to the east of Jinan (<a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District">Zhangqiu District</a>) in 1928. One of the characteristic features of the Longshan culture are the intricate wheel-made pottery pieces it produced. Most renowned is the black "egg-shell pottery" with wall thicknesses that can go below 1 millimeter.<sup id="cite_ref-twmus_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-twmus-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period" title="Spring and Autumn period">Spring and Autumn period</a> (722–481 BCE) and <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a> (475–221 BCE), the area of Jinan was split between two states: the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Lu" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Lu">state of Lu</a> in the west and the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Qi" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Qi">state of Qi</a> in the east. In 685 BCE, the state of Qi started to build the <a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_Qi" title="Great Wall of Qi">Great Wall of Qi</a> across Changqing county. Portions of the wall still remain today and are accessible as open air museums. <a href="/wiki/Bian_Que" title="Bian Que">Bian Que</a>, according to the legend the earliest Chinese physician and active around 400–300 BCE, is said to have been a native of present-day Changqing County. <a href="/wiki/Zou_Yan" title="Zou Yan">Zou Yan</a> (305–240 BCE), a native of <a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu City">Zhangqiu City</a>, developed the concepts of <a href="/wiki/Yin-Yang" class="mw-redirect" title="Yin-Yang">Yin-Yang</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)" title="Wuxing (Chinese philosophy)">Five Elements</a>. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Needham" title="Joseph Needham">Joseph Needham</a>, a British <a href="/wiki/Sinologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinologist">sinologist</a>, describes Zou as "The real founder of all Chinese scientific thought."<sup id="cite_ref-Needham_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Needham-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the times of the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> (206 BCE – 220 CE), Jinan was the capital of the feudatory <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jibei" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Jibei">Kingdom of Jibei</a> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BF%9F" class="extiw" title="wikt:濟">濟</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:北">北</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:國">國</a></span>) and evolved into the cultural and economic hub of the region. The <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Jibei_King" title="Tomb of the Jibei King">Han dynasty tomb</a> where the last king of Jibei, Liu Kuan (<span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%88%98" class="extiw" title="wikt:刘">刘</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AE%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:宽">宽</a></span>; <span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8A%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:劉">劉</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AF%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:寬">寬</a></span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Liú Kuān</span></i>), was buried at Shuangru Mountain was excavated by archaeologists from <a href="/wiki/Shandong_University" title="Shandong University">Shandong University</a> in 1995 and 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-multiple1_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-multiple1-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More than 2000 artifacts such as jade swords, jade masks, and jade pillows have been recovered within the 1,500 square meter excavation site, emphasizing the wealth of the city during the period.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cao_Cao" title="Cao Cao">Cao Cao</a> (155 – 220 CE) was an official in Jinan before he became the de facto ruler of the Han dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His son, <a href="/wiki/Cao_Pi" title="Cao Pi">Cao Pi</a>, overthrew the last emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han</a> and founded the <a href="/wiki/Cao_Wei" title="Cao Wei">Wei Kingdom</a> (220 – 265 CE) of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kingdoms_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Kingdoms period">Three Kingdoms period</a>. </p><p>Beginning in the 5th century CE, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> flourished in Jinan. The Langgong Temple (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%9C%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:朗">朗</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC" class="extiw" title="wikt:公">公</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AF%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:寺">寺</a></span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Lǎnggōng Sì</span></i>, later renamed Shentong Temple, (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E" class="extiw" title="wikt:神">神</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A" class="extiw" title="wikt:通">通</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AF%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:寺">寺</a></span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Shéntōng Sì</span></i>, and now in ruins) in the southern county of Licheng was one of the most important temples in northern China at that time. The same period witnessed extensive construction of Buddhist sites in the southern counties of <a href="/wiki/Licheng_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Licheng District, Jinan">Licheng</a> and <a href="/wiki/Changqing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changqing District">Changqing</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Lingyan_Temple_(Jinan)" title="Lingyan Temple (Jinan)">Lingyan Temple</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Thousand-Buddha_Cliff" title="Thousand-Buddha Cliff">Thousand-Buddha Cliff</a>. In particular, a large number of cave temples were established in the hills south of Jinan.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jinan remained the cultural center of the region during the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (960 – 1279 CE). The Song rulers promoted Jinan to a superior prefecture in 1116 CE. Two of the most important poets of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Song">Southern Song</a> were both born in Jinan: <a href="/wiki/Li_Qingzhao" title="Li Qingzhao">Li Qingzhao</a> (1084–1151 CE), the most renown female poet in Chinese history, and <a href="/wiki/Xin_Qiji" title="Xin Qiji">Xin Qiji</a> (1140–1207 CE), who was also a military leader of the Southern Song dynasty. Both poets witnessed <a href="/wiki/Jin_campaigns_against_the_Song_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Jin campaigns against the Song dynasty">a series of crushing defeats</a> of the Song dynasty at the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Jurchens" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurchens">Jurchens</a> who gained control over almost half of the Song territories and established the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin dynasty</a> in northern China. After Jinan came under control of the Jin dynasty, both Li Qingzhao and Xin Qiji had to abandon their homes and reflected this experience in their works. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%80%81%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%8E.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/%E8%80%81%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%8E.jpg/220px-%E8%80%81%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%8E.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/%E8%80%81%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%8E.jpg/330px-%E8%80%81%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%8E.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/%E8%80%81%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%8E.jpg/440px-%E8%80%81%E6%BF%9F%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%8E.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Old town of Jinan</figcaption></figure> <p>During the Civil War that followed the proclamation of <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a> as <a href="/wiki/Great_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Khan">Great Khan</a> in 1260 CE, Jinan was at the center of a rebellion by Yizhou governor Li Tan against Mongol rule in 1262 CE. The rebellion was crushed in a decisive battle that was fought not far from Jinan in late March or early April 1262 CE. After losing 4000 of his troops in the battle, Li Tan retreated to Jinan to make his last stand. After defections of his defenders had made his position untenable, Li Tan tried to commit suicide by drowning himself in <a href="/wiki/Daming_Lake" title="Daming Lake">Daming Lake</a>. However, he was rescued by the Mongols in order to execute him by trampling him to death with their horses.<sup id="cite_ref-rossabi_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rossabi-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite such violent conflicts, culture in Jinan continued to thrive during the <a href="/wiki/Jin_dynasty_(1115%E2%80%931234)" title="Jin dynasty (1115–1234)">Jin</a> (1115–1234) and <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan</a> (1271–1368) dynasties: One of the most renowned artists of the Yuan dynasty, <a href="/wiki/Zhao_Mengfu" title="Zhao Mengfu">Zhao Mengfu</a> (1254–1322) was appointed to the post of governor of Jinan in 1293 and spent three years in the city. Among the extraordinary art works he completed during his stay in Jinan, the best known painting is "Autumn Colors on the Qiao and Hua Mountains" (<span lang="zh-Hans">《<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%B9%8A" class="extiw" title="wikt:鹊">鹊</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:华">华</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A7%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:秋">秋</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%89%B2" class="extiw" title="wikt:色">色</a>》</span>). Geographer <a href="/wiki/Yu_Qin" title="Yu Qin">Yu Qin</a> (1284–1333) also served as an official in Jinan and authored his geography book <i><a href="/wiki/Qi_Cheng" class="mw-redirect" title="Qi Cheng">Qi Cheng</a></i> there. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1088px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2a_Zhao_Mengfu_Autumn_Colors_on_the_Qiao_and_Hua_Mountains_(central_part)Handscroll,_ink_and_colors_on_paper,_28.4_x_93.2_cm_National_Palace_Museum,_Taipei.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Autumn Colors on the Qiao and Hua Mountains (鹊华秋色)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/2a_Zhao_Mengfu_Autumn_Colors_on_the_Qiao_and_Hua_Mountains_%28central_part%29Handscroll%2C_ink_and_colors_on_paper%2C_28.4_x_93.2_cm_National_Palace_Museum%2C_Taipei.jpg/1080px-2a_Zhao_Mengfu_Autumn_Colors_on_the_Qiao_and_Hua_Mountains_%28central_part%29Handscroll%2C_ink_and_colors_on_paper%2C_28.4_x_93.2_cm_National_Palace_Museum%2C_Taipei.jpg" decoding="async" width="1080" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/2a_Zhao_Mengfu_Autumn_Colors_on_the_Qiao_and_Hua_Mountains_%28central_part%29Handscroll%2C_ink_and_colors_on_paper%2C_28.4_x_93.2_cm_National_Palace_Museum%2C_Taipei.jpg/1620px-2a_Zhao_Mengfu_Autumn_Colors_on_the_Qiao_and_Hua_Mountains_%28central_part%29Handscroll%2C_ink_and_colors_on_paper%2C_28.4_x_93.2_cm_National_Palace_Museum%2C_Taipei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/2a_Zhao_Mengfu_Autumn_Colors_on_the_Qiao_and_Hua_Mountains_%28central_part%29Handscroll%2C_ink_and_colors_on_paper%2C_28.4_x_93.2_cm_National_Palace_Museum%2C_Taipei.jpg/2160px-2a_Zhao_Mengfu_Autumn_Colors_on_the_Qiao_and_Hua_Mountains_%28central_part%29Handscroll%2C_ink_and_colors_on_paper%2C_28.4_x_93.2_cm_National_Palace_Museum%2C_Taipei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="14329" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:2a_Zhao_Mengfu_Autumn_Colors_on_the_Qiao_and_Hua_Mountains_(central_part)Handscroll,_ink_and_colors_on_paper,_28.4_x_93.2_cm_National_Palace_Museum,_Taipei.jpg" title="File:2a Zhao Mengfu Autumn Colors on the Qiao and Hua Mountains (central part)Handscroll, ink and colors on paper, 28.4 x 93.2 cm National Palace Museum, Taipei.jpg"> </a></div>Autumn Colors on the Qiao and Hua Mountains (<span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%B9%8A#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:鹊">鹊</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%8E#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:华">华</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A7%8B#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:秋">秋</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%89%B2#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:色">色</a></span>)</div></div></div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> province was established under the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, Jinan became its capital.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jinan was the site of a siege during the <a href="/wiki/Jingnan_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingnan Campaign">Jingnan Campaign</a> where the city was defended by loyalists of the <a href="/wiki/Jianwen_Emperor" title="Jianwen Emperor">Jianwen Emperor</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Tie_Xuan" title="Tie Xuan">Tie Xuan</a> against the rebel <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Yan" title="Prince of Yan">Prince of Yan</a> <a href="/wiki/Zhu_Di" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhu Di">Zhu Di</a>'s army. </p><p>In 1852, the northward shift of the Yellow River into a new bed close to the city triggered the modern expansion of Jinan. The new course of the Yellow River connected the city to the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)" title="Grand Canal (China)">Grand Canal</a> and regional waterways in northern Shandong and southern <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>German influence in Jinan grew after the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> ceded <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> to the German Empire in 1897. A German concession area was established to the west of the historical city center (in the vicinity of the Jinan Railway Station first established by the Germans). The <a href="/wiki/Jiaoji_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiaoji Railway">Jiaoji (Qingdao–Jinan) railway</a> was built by the Germans against local resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Discontent over the construction of the railway was one of the sources fueling the <a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> (1899–1901).<sup id="cite_ref-boxerorigins_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boxerorigins-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the rebellion, foreign priests were evacuated from Jinan and Chinese Christians became a target of violence. The Jiaoji railway was completed in 1904, three years after the Boxer Rebellion had been put down, and opened the city to foreign trade.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The importance of Jinan as a transportation hub was cemented with the completion of the north–south <a href="/wiki/Jinpu_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinpu railway">Jinpu railway</a> from <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a> to <a href="/wiki/Pukou" class="mw-redirect" title="Pukou">Pukou</a> in 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_16-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jinan became a major trading center for agricultural goods in northern China. Traded commodities included <a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, grain, <a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">peanuts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_16-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jinan also developed into a major industrial center, second in importance to Qingdao in the province. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Republican_era">Republican era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Republican era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1919, after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the Japanese took over the German sphere of influence in Shandong, including control of the Jiaoji railway, and established a significant Japanese influence in Jinan.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_16-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to estimates by a contemporary Japanese government official, about 2,000 Japanese were living in Jinan in 1931, about half of whom were involved in the <a href="/wiki/Opium" title="Opium">opium</a> trade for which the Japanese had a loosely controlled monopoly that was exploited with the participation of Chinese traders.<sup id="cite_ref-websofsmoke_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-websofsmoke-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Warlord_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Warlord era">Warlord era</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Zongchang" title="Zhang Zongchang">Zhang Zongchang</a>, nicknamed the "Dogmeat General",<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ruled Shandong from Jinan for a period that lasted from April 1925 until May 1928. Zhang was unpopular for his heavy-handed rule and in particular his heavy taxation.<sup id="cite_ref-buckley_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buckley-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Besides heavy taxes, he relied financially on opium to finance his periodic wars.<sup id="cite_ref-websofsmoke_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-websofsmoke-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zhang even planned to use some of the wealth extracted from these sources for building a living shrine and a large bronze statue for himself on the shore of <a href="/wiki/Daming_Lake" title="Daming Lake">Daming Lake</a>, but these plans were not realized as his rule came to an end. </p><p>In the spring of 1928, the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Northern_Expedition" title="Northern Expedition">Northern Expedition</a> reached Jinan.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On May 3, 1928, clashes developed between Japanese troops stationed in Jinan and the Kuomintang troops moving into the city (<a href="/wiki/Jinan_incident" title="Jinan incident">Jinan incident</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cai_Gongshi" title="Cai Gongshi">Cai Gongshi</a>, a Kuomintang emissary sent to negotiate and 16 members of his entourage were cruelly executed by the Japanese. Japanese officers placed an order to slice off his nose and ears, and to gouge out his eyes and tongue. Sixteen other members of his negotiation team were also striped naked, recklessly whipped, dragged to the back-lawn, and slaughtered by machine guns on the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the incident, Japanese reinforcements were sent to Shandong and by 11 May, Japanese troops pushed the Chinese troops from the area, inflicted thousands of casualties<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and killed over 2000 Chinese civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-anxiang_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anxiang-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Japanese occupied Jinan for more than six months until they withdrew to their garrison in Qingdao on 28 March 1929. When Chiang lectured a group of Chinese army cadets, he urged them to turn their energies to washing away the shame of Jinan, but to conceal their hatred until the last moment.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kuomintang government later decreed that May 3 be designated a "National Humiliation Memorial Day." </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Nanjing_decade" title="Nanjing decade">Nanjing decade</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Han_Fuju" title="Han Fuju">Han Fuju</a>, a military commander from the warlord era who had aligned himself with the Kuomintang, was rewarded with the military governorship of Shandong, after fighting against the rebel troops of <a href="/wiki/Yan_Xishan" title="Yan Xishan">Yan Xishan</a> and his former commander <a href="/wiki/Feng_Yuxiang" title="Feng Yuxiang">Feng Yuxiang</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Plains_War" title="Central Plains War">Central Plains War</a> in 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He established his base in Jinan and is credited with curtailing banditry and drug trading, thereby bringing a measure of peace and prosperity to the city.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, from 1935 onwards Han was under heavy pressure from the Japanese consul in Jinan to declare Shandong an "independent state" allied with Japan. </p><p>After the start of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>, the Japanese invasion force crossed the Yellow River 60 km (37 mi) north-east of Jinan on December 23, 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-larywar_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-larywar-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han Fuju abandoned Jinan the next day against orders to hold the city to the death.<sup id="cite_ref-larywar_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-larywar-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He ordered the offices of the provincial government and the Japanese consulate in Jinan to be burned down<sup id="cite_ref-larywar_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-larywar-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the ensuing power vacuum led to widespread looting in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-larywar_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-larywar-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japanese troops from the 10th Division of the Manchurian Area Army<sup id="cite_ref-pacificwar_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pacificwar-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> entered Jinan on December 27, 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-larywar_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-larywar-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Han Fuju was arrested and executed for disobeying orders from superior commanders and retreating on his own accord<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by Chiang Kai-Shek's chief of staff, General <a href="/wiki/Hu_Zongnan" title="Hu Zongnan">Hu Zongnan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MacKinnon_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacKinnon-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hero_hill_monument_jinan_2009_07_18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hero_hill_monument_jinan_2009_07_18.jpg/170px-Hero_hill_monument_jinan_2009_07_18.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hero_hill_monument_jinan_2009_07_18.jpg/255px-Hero_hill_monument_jinan_2009_07_18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hero_hill_monument_jinan_2009_07_18.jpg/340px-Hero_hill_monument_jinan_2009_07_18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Monument commemorating the war dead of the battle of Jinan on Hero Hill</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_World_War_II">After World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: After World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Japanese troops controlled Jinan until their defeat in 1945. After this, the Kuomintang regained short-lived control of the city during the period from 1946 to 1948. The provincial government during this time was led by Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Wang_Yaowu" title="Wang Yaowu">Wang Yaowu</a>, who also commanded the KMT army in the region. KMT rule over Jinan ended in September 1948 with the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jinan" title="Battle of Jinan">Battle of Jinan</a> in which units of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> under the command of <a href="/wiki/Chen_Yi_(communist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chen Yi (communist)">Chen Yi</a> took the city. The battle for Jinan took a decisive turn in favor of the attackers when KMT Lieutenant-General <a href="/wiki/Wu_Huawen" title="Wu Huawen">Wu Huawen</a> defected to the Communist side with about 8,000 of his troops.<sup id="cite_ref-time1948_10_04_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time1948_10_04-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most likely explanation for his defection is that he had been pressured through relatives of his who were held captive by the Communist forces.<sup id="cite_ref-time1948_10_04_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time1948_10_04-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lieutenant-General Wu had been in charge of the vital outer ring of defenses that protected the main airfield, the railroad station, and the commercial district.<sup id="cite_ref-time1948_10_04_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time1948_10_04-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With these critical assets lost, the situation of the city's defenders became untenable. Following the weakening of the city's defenses, the People's Liberation Army breached the city wall and entered Jinan on September 24, 1948. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_Revolution">Cultural Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cultural Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 1966, the largest among the drawn-out sequence of earthquakes that made up the <a href="/wiki/1966_Xingtai_earthquake" class="mw-redirect" title="1966 Xingtai earthquake">Xingtai earthquake</a> damaged about 36,000 houses in Jinan.<sup id="cite_ref-gov1966up_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov1966up-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Furong-Street.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Furong-Street.JPG/170px-Furong-Street.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Furong-Street.JPG/255px-Furong-Street.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Furong-Street.JPG/340px-Furong-Street.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2616" data-file-height="3488" /></a><figcaption>Entrance to <a href="/wiki/Water_Lily_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Water Lily Street">Water Lily Street</a>, a historical shopping street in Jinan.</figcaption></figure> <p>On May 27, 1966, the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Revolution" title="Cultural Revolution">Cultural Revolution</a> started in Jinan with an article in the local newspaper "Jinan Evening News" (<span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:济南">济南</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%99%9A%E6%8A%A5#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:晚报">晚报</a></span>) that denounced vice-governor Yu Xiu as a <a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">Bourgeois</a> agent within the government.<sup id="cite_ref-gov1966up_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov1966up-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting from early June 1966, the schools in Jinan were closed down by strikes as teachers were "struggled against". At the same time, <a href="/wiki/Big-character_poster" title="Big-character poster">big-character posters</a> started to appear in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-gov1966up_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov1966up-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Red_Guards_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Guards (China)">Red Guards</a> took to the streets of Jinan from late August 1966 onwards, damaging cultural heritage and setting up courts to prosecute perceived enemies of the revolution. In the spring of 1967, the "May 7th Incident" took place: When <a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chunqiao" title="Zhang Chunqiao">Zhang Chunqiao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yao_Wenyuan" title="Yao Wenyuan">Yao Wenyuan</a>, both later reviled as members of the <a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four" title="Gang of Four">Gang of Four</a>, visited Jinan to support the Cultural Revolution and its local leader Wang Xiao Yu, fighting erupted in the front of the provincial government between two rival factions of the Cultural Revolution, the "April 22nd Group" and Wang Xiao Yu's "April 28th Group". In the end, more than 10,000 people had been involved in the fighting.<sup id="cite_ref-gov1967up_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov1967up-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 11, 1967, the tallest statue of <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> in Shandong province was erected on the campus of <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Normal_University" title="Shandong Normal University">Shandong Normal University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 17, 1968, a large assembly of Jinan workers celebrated the arrival of a <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a> fruit in the "August 1st" Meeting Hall. The fruit had been a gift to the workers in Beijing by Mao and was subsequently passed on to the workers in Jinan. In November 1968, Wang Xiao Yu began to agitate against the local army units in Jinan and Shandong Province. By then unrest due to the Cultural Revolution had severely damaged the city's governmental and industrial infrastructure, with about 80 percent of all government institutions shut down.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large public protests were staged on April 4 and 5, 1969, in which approximately 500,000 people protested the occupation of <a href="/wiki/Zhenbao_Island" title="Zhenbao Island">Zhenbao Island</a> by the Soviet Union.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 29, 1970, the leadership of the Cultural Revolution passed a resolution to make sweeping changes to the city's educational system: The liberal arts departments of Shandong University were moved to <a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a> and combined with Qufu Normal College to form a new Shandong University. The biology department was moved to Tai'an and merged into the Shandong Agricultural College. The rest of the sciences were to form the Shandong Science and Technology University. Shandong Normal University was to be moved to Liaocheng. Shandong Medical College and Shandong College of Traditional Chinese Medicine were to be merged and moved to Tai'an.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shandong University was restored in its original form and the "Shandong Science and Technology University" was abolished in early 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first reversals of Cultural Revolution policies started in early 1971: On May 23 of that year, the <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Provincial_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Shandong Provincial Museum">Shandong Provincial Museum</a> was reopened after having been closed for about 5 years (since May 1966).<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the next year, the Jinan Committee for the Cultural Revolution officially reverted the name changes of four city districts enacted in 1966. During the 6 years between the name change and its reversal, Lixia District had been known officially as "Hongwei", Tianqiao as "Face the Sun", Huaiyin as "East Wind", and Shizhong as "Red Flag".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Cultural Revolution came to an end, Jinan started to receive visitors from abroad. For example, it was visited by a delegation from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> between August 8 and 11, 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On September 18, 1976, Mao's death was mourned by about 600,000 people at an official service in Jinan's August 1 Square.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post_1990s">Post 1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jinan was the host of the 11th All China Games during October 2009. These games are the selection games for the Chinese Olympic champions. For this occasion, security was heightened and a full volunteer force was out on the streets directing visitor traffic. The city conducted major renovations in its transportation and recreation services in anticipation of the Games' visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early January 2019, the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council of the People's Republic of China</a> approved the approval of Shandong Province to adjust the administrative division of <a href="/wiki/Laiwu_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Laiwu City">Laiwu City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jinan_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinan City">Jinan City</a>, cancel Laiwu City, and all jurisdiction of former Laiwu City belongs to Jinan City; establish <a href="/wiki/Laiwu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laiwu District">Laiwu District</a> of Jinan City to replace the former <a href="/wiki/Laicheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laicheng District">Laicheng District</a> of Laiwu City with the same administrative area; establish <a href="/wiki/Gangcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangcheng District">Gangcheng District</a> of Jinan City to replace the former Gangcheng District of Laiwu City with the same administrative area.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jinan has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Cwa</i>), considering an <a href="/wiki/Contour_line#Temperature_and_related_subjects" title="Contour line">isotherm</a> of −3 °C, or a <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Dwa</i>), considering an isotherm of 0 °C, with four well-defined seasons. The city is dry and nearly rainless in spring, hot and rainy in summer, crisp in autumn and dry and cold (with little snow) in winter. The average annual temperature is 14.70 °C (58.5 °F), and the annual precipitation is 670 millimetres (26.4 in), with a strong summer maximum, and high variability from year to year. January is the coldest and driest month, with a mean temperature of −0.7 °C (30.7 °F) and 5.0 millimetres (0.20 in) of equivalent rainfall. July is the hottest and wettest month, the corresponding numbers are 27.4 °C (81.3 °F), and 189.0 mm (7.44 in). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 44 percent in July to 59 percent in May, the city receives 2,333 hours of bright sunshine annually. </p><p>Due to the mountains to the south of the city, <a href="/wiki/Inversion_(meteorology)" title="Inversion (meteorology)">temperature inversions</a> are common, occurring on about 200 days per year.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The high precipitation for <a href="/wiki/North_China" title="North China">northern Chinese</a> standards, in tandem with the topography (mountains surrounding the city on three sides), leads to particularly oppressive summer weather and the city being named as a candidate for the fourth "furnace", c.e. <a href="/wiki/Three_Furnaces" title="Three Furnaces">Three Furnaces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −19.7 °C (−3 °F) on January 17, 1953, to 42.5 °C (109 °F) on July 24, 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Jinan (<a href="/wiki/Changqing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changqing District">Changqing District</a>, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.3<br />(97.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0C00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.7<br />(103.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0200; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.2<br />(106.2) </td> <td style="background: #F10000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.5<br />(108.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.7<br />(105.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.5<br />(101.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7<br />(92.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #F10000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.5<br />(108.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2<br />(46.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1<br />(80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4<br />(86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.7<br />(30.7) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5<br />(59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE7D0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9<br />(46.2) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.6<br />(23.7) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2<br />(61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2<br />(63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.7<br />(27.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.7<br />(−3.5) </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.5<br />(2.3) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.3<br />(11.7) </td> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.9<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.1<br />(13.8) </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.0<br />(3.2) </td> <td style="background: #7C7CFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−19.7<br />(−3.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(0.20) </td> <td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(0.40) </td> <td style="background: #F0FFF0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(0.37) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(1.34) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.3<br />(2.41) </td> <td style="background: #7FFF7F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.9<br />(3.26) </td> <td style="background: #00E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189.0<br />(7.44) </td> <td style="background: #10FF10; color:#000000;" class="notheme">160.2<br />(6.31) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.1<br />(2.37) </td> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(1.07) </td> <td style="background: #DAFFDA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(0.93) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(0.26) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">669.6<br />(26.36) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 </td> <td style="background: #9A9AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5 </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9 </td> <td style="background: #B4B4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">71.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #2121FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">60 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C5C506; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152.6 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">155.2 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">209.9 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">234.9 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">259.6 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">233.1 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.7 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198.0 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">187.0 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">188.9 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.6 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">155.2 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,332.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FDFD2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #F4F41A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44 </td> <td style="background: #FBFB2A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">53 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: China Meteorological Administration<sup id="cite_ref-cma_graphical_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cma_graphical-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CMA_old_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CMA_old-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-oclc-10552568-nj50-14-back.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Txu-oclc-10552568-nj50-14-back.jpg/220px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nj50-14-back.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Txu-oclc-10552568-nj50-14-back.jpg/330px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nj50-14-back.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Txu-oclc-10552568-nj50-14-back.jpg/440px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nj50-14-back.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3987" /></a><figcaption>Map of Jinan (labeled as CHI-NAN (TSINAN))</figcaption></figure> <p>The sub-provincial city of Jinan has direct jurisdiction over ten <a href="/wiki/District_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="District of China">districts</a> and 2 <a href="/wiki/County_(People%27s_Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="County (People's Republic of China)">counties</a> after the annexation of <a href="/wiki/Laiwu" title="Laiwu">Laiwu</a> to Jinan in 2019: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="6"><div class="center" style="position: relative"><div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 550px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Administrative_Division_Jinan.png/550px-Administrative_Division_Jinan.png" decoding="async" width="550" height="604" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Administrative_Division_Jinan.png/825px-Administrative_Division_Jinan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Administrative_Division_Jinan.png/1100px-Administrative_Division_Jinan.png 2x" data-file-width="2040" data-file-height="2240" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:256.77777777778px; top:337.27777777778px"><a href="/wiki/Lixia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lixia District"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Lixia</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:210.94444444444px; top:361.72222222222px"><a href="/wiki/Shizhong_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Shizhong District, Jinan"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Shizhong</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:186.5px; top:328.11111111111px"><a href="/wiki/Huaiyin_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaiyin District, Jinan"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Huaiyin</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:210.94444444444px; top:291.44444444444px"><a href="/wiki/Tianqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianqiao District"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b>Tianqiao</b></span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:293.44444444444px; top:349.5px"><a href="/wiki/Licheng_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Licheng District, Jinan"><b>Licheng</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:146.77777777778px; top:428.94444444444px"><a href="/wiki/Changqing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changqing District"><b>Changqing</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:375.94444444444px; top:303.66666666667px"><a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District"><b>Zhangqiu</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:253.72222222222px; top:205.88888888889px"><a href="/wiki/Jiyang_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiyang District, Jinan"><b>Jiyang</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:424.83333333333px; top:462.55555555556px"><a href="/wiki/Laiwu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laiwu District"><b>Laiwu</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:458.44444444444px; top:548.11111111111px"><a href="/wiki/Gangcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangcheng District"><b>Gangcheng</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:27.611111111111px; top:511.44444444444px"><a href="/wiki/Pingyin_County" title="Pingyin County"><b>Pingyin<br />County</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:281.22222222222px; top:83.666666666667px"><a href="/wiki/Shanghe_County" title="Shanghe County"><b>Shanghe<br />County</b></a></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Subdivision </th> <th>Simplified Chinese </th> <th>Hanyu Pinyin </th> <th>Xiao'erjing </th> <th>Population (2010) </th> <th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Dens. (/km<sup>2</sup>) </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"><b>Inner city</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Lixia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lixia District">Lixia District</a> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">历下区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Lìxià Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Arab" dir="rtl">لِثِیَا ٿِیُوِ</span></span> </td> <td align="center">754,136 </td> <td align="center">101.18 </td> <td align="center">7476.13 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Shizhong_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Shizhong District, Jinan">Shizhong District</a> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">市中区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shìzhōng Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Arab" dir="rtl">شِجْو ٿِیُوِ</span></span> </td> <td align="center">713,581 </td> <td align="center">281.49 </td> <td align="center">2545.51 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Huaiyin_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaiyin District, Jinan">Huaiyin District</a> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">槐荫区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Huáiyìn Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Arab" dir="rtl">خُوَیْءٍ ٿِیُوِ</span></span> </td> <td align="center">476,811 </td> <td align="center">151.61 </td> <td align="center">3144.13 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Tianqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianqiao District">Tianqiao District</a> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">天桥区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Tiānqiáo Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Arab" dir="rtl">تِیًاٿِیَوْ ٿِیُوِ</span></span> </td> <td align="center">688,415 </td> <td align="center">258.97 </td> <td align="center">2660.94 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"><b>Inner suburbs</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Licheng_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Licheng District, Jinan">Licheng District</a> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">历城区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Lìchéng Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Arab" dir="rtl">لِچٍْ ٿِیُوِ</span></span> </td> <td align="center">1,124,306 </td> <td align="center">1301.21 </td> <td align="center">862.27 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Changqing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changqing District">Changqing District</a> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">长清区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Chángqīng Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Arab" dir="rtl">چَانْٿٍْ ٿِیُوِ</span></span> </td> <td align="center">578,740 </td> <td align="center">1208.59 </td> <td align="center">478.88 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Jiyang_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiyang District, Jinan">Jiyang District</a> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">济阳区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Jǐyáng Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Arab" dir="rtl">ݣِیَانْ ٿِیُوِ</span></span> </td> <td align="center">517,948 </td> <td align="center">1098.81 </td> <td align="center">472.09 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"><b>Outer suburbs</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District">Zhangqiu District</a> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">章丘区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Zhāngqiū Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Arab" dir="rtl">جَانْٿِیُوْ ٿِیُوِ</span></span> </td> <td align="center">1,064,210 </td> <td align="center">1719.09 </td> <td align="center">618.26 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Laiwu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laiwu District">Laiwu District</a> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">莱芜区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Láiwú Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Arab" dir="rtl">لَیْوُ ٿِیُوِ</span></span> </td> <td align="center">989,535 </td> <td align="center">1739.61 </td> <td align="center">518.93 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Gangcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangcheng District">Gangcheng District</a> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">钢城区</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Gāngchéng Qū</i></span> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Arab" dir="rtl">قَانْچٍْ ٿِیُوِ</span></span> </td> <td align="center">308,994 </td> <td align="center">506.42 </td> <td align="center">910.04 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3d3;"><b>Rural counties</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pingyin_County" title="Pingyin County">Pingyin County</a> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">平阴县</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Píngyīn Xiàn</i></span> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Arab" dir="rtl">پِیٍٔءٍ ثِیًا</span></span> </td> <td align="center">331,712 </td> <td align="center">715.06 </td> <td align="center">463.81 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Shanghe_County" title="Shanghe County">Shanghe County</a> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">商河县</span></span> </td> <td align="left"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><i lang="zh-Latn">Shānghé Xiàn</i></span> </td> <td align="center"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Arab" dir="rtl">شَانْحَ ثِیًا</span></span> </td> <td align="center">564,125 </td> <td align="center">1162.40 </td> <td align="center">484.98 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>These are further divided into 146 <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China#Township_level" title="Administrative divisions of China">township-level divisions</a>, including 65 <a href="/wiki/Towns_of_China" title="Towns of China">towns</a>, 27 <a href="/wiki/Townships_of_China" title="Townships of China">townships</a> and 54 <a href="/wiki/Subdistricts_of_China" title="Subdistricts of China">subdistricts</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shizhong,_Jinan,_Shandong,_China_-_panoramio_(20).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Shizhong%2C_Jinan%2C_Shandong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%2820%29.jpg/223px-Shizhong%2C_Jinan%2C_Shandong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%2820%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="223" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Shizhong%2C_Jinan%2C_Shandong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%2820%29.jpg/335px-Shizhong%2C_Jinan%2C_Shandong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%2820%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Shizhong%2C_Jinan%2C_Shandong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%2820%29.jpg/446px-Shizhong%2C_Jinan%2C_Shandong%2C_China_-_panoramio_%2820%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Shizhong_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Shizhong District, Jinan">Shizhong District</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qianfoshanpark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Qianfoshanpark.jpg/220px-Qianfoshanpark.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Qianfoshanpark.jpg/330px-Qianfoshanpark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Qianfoshanpark.jpg/440px-Qianfoshanpark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>Skyline seen from the <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Buddha_Mountain" title="Thousand Buddha Mountain">Thousand Buddha Mountain</a></figcaption></figure> <p>With the shift of the Yellow River to a new bed right to the north of Jinan (in 1852) and the establishment of a railroad hub, the city became a major market for agricultural products from the productive farming regions to the north.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_16-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the trade in agricultural goods, the city developed a textile and clothing industry, flour mills, oil presses, as well as factories producing paper, cement, and matches.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_16-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1950s, large iron and steel works as well as chemical factories were established around Jinan. The large metal works produce <a href="/wiki/Pig_iron" title="Pig iron">pig iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingot" title="Ingot">ingot</a> steel, as well as finished steel.<sup id="cite_ref-eb_16-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eb-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1970s, <a href="/wiki/China_National_Heavy_Duty_Truck_Group" title="China National Heavy Duty Truck Group">Sinotruk</a> established its headquarters and factories for the production of trucks and construction vehicles in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Industrial zones include: </p> <ul><li>Jinan High-tech Industrial Development Zone</li></ul> <p>Founded in 1991, the Jinan High-tech Industrial Development zone was one of the first of its kind approved by the State Council. The zone is located to the east of the city and covers a total planning area of 83 km<sup>2</sup> (32 sq mi) that is divided into a central area covering 33 km<sup>2</sup> (13 sq mi), an export processing district of 10 km<sup>2</sup> (3.9 sq mi), and an eastern extension area of 40 km<sup>2</sup> (15 sq mi). Since its foundation, the Jinan High-tech Industrial Development Zone has attracted enterprises as LG, Panasonic, Volvo, and Sanyo. In 2000, it joined the world science and technology association and set up a China-Ukraine High-tech Cooperation Park. The Qilu Software Park became the sister park of Bangalore park of India.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Jinan Export Processing Zone</li></ul> <p>The export processing zone is located in the eastern suburbs of Jinan, to the east of the Jinan High-tech Industrial Development Zone and to the north of the Jiwang highway. The distances to the Jiqing Highway and the Jinan Airport are 9 km (5.6 mi) and 18 km (11 mi) respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_South_Mosque_of_Jinan_2009-03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/The_South_Mosque_of_Jinan_2009-03.JPG/180px-The_South_Mosque_of_Jinan_2009-03.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/The_South_Mosque_of_Jinan_2009-03.JPG/270px-The_South_Mosque_of_Jinan_2009-03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/The_South_Mosque_of_Jinan_2009-03.JPG/360px-The_South_Mosque_of_Jinan_2009-03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Jinan_Great_Southern_Mosque" title="Jinan Great Southern Mosque">Great Southern Mosque</a>, the oldest mosque in Jinan.</figcaption></figure> <p>As of the <a href="/wiki/2020_Chinese_census" title="2020 Chinese census">2020 Chinese census</a>, its total population (including <a href="/wiki/Laiwu_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Laiwu City">Laiwu City</a> merged recently) was 9,202,432 inhabitants and its built-up (<i>or metro</i>) area made of 6 out of 10 urban districts (<a href="/wiki/Jiyang_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiyang District, Jinan">Jiyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District">Zhangqiu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laiwu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laiwu District">Laiwu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gangcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangcheng District">Gangcheng</a> not yet conurbated) was home to 5,452,335 inhabitants, most of them with Han ethnicity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shopping_centers">Shopping centers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Shopping centers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most shopping malls in Jinan are in the downtown area centered around <a href="/wiki/Spring_City_Square" title="Spring City Square">City of Springs Square</a> and Quancheng Road (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B3%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:泉">泉</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9F%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:城">城</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF" class="extiw" title="wikt:路">路</a></span>; 'spring city road'). City of Springs Square was built by the municipal government beside the city moat in the early 21st century </p><p>City of Springs Road was rebuilt at the same time that City of Springs Square was created. The government's intention was to create a modern business district and yet preserve the traditional Chinese culture. Therefore, newly built shopping malls with traditional Chinese architectural styles and modern western skyscrapers can be found side by side along City of Springs Road. Notable retail businesses are Quancheng Bookstore – the largest bookstore of the city – and Walmart (near the western end of City of Springs Road). Major shopping malls along the road are the Guihe Shopping Center (<span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B4%B5#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:贵">贵</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%92%8C#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:和">和</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%95%86#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:商">商</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8E%A6#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:厦">厦</a></span>), the <a href="/wiki/Sofitel" title="Sofitel">Sofitel</a> Silver Plaza, the Shimao international shopping center, and the Wanda Shopping Mall (<span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%87#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:万">万</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%BE%BE#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:达">达</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:集团">集团</a></span>). Parc 66 (<span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:济南">济南</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%81%92#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:恒">恒</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9A%86#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:隆">隆</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:广场">广场</a></span>) to the south of City of Springs Road (opposite of <a href="/wiki/Water_Lily_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Water Lily Street">Water Lily Street</a>), opened in August 2011, is Jinan's largest shopping mall with seven levels of retail space and a total gross floor area of 171,000 square meters.<sup id="cite_ref-hanglung_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hanglung-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Railways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:201908_Jinanxi_Railway_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/201908_Jinanxi_Railway_Station.jpg/220px-201908_Jinanxi_Railway_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/201908_Jinanxi_Railway_Station.jpg/330px-201908_Jinanxi_Railway_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/201908_Jinanxi_Railway_Station.jpg/440px-201908_Jinanxi_Railway_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1707" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jinan_West_railway_station" title="Jinan West railway station">Jinan West Railway Station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Jinan is positioned at the intersection of two major railways: The <a href="/wiki/Jinghu_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinghu Railway">Jinghu Railway</a> that runs from <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a> to <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> is the major north–south backbone of the railway system in eastern China. In Jinan, it intersects with the <a href="/wiki/Jiaoji_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiaoji Railway">Jiaoji Railway</a> that connects Jinan to the sea port of <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> to the east. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Hanji_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanji Railway">Hanji Railway</a> connects Jinan to the city of <a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a> Province) in the west. Within Shandong province, the Jinghu Railway connects Jinan with the cities of <a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jining,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Jining, Shandong">Jining</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a>; the Jiaoji Railway provides a link to the cities of <a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a>; the Hanji Railway serves the cities of Yancheng and <a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a>. </p><p>Central Jinan is served by <a href="/wiki/Jinan_railway_station" title="Jinan railway station">Jinan railway station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jinan_East_railway_station" title="Jinan East railway station">Jinan East railway station</a>, and <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E6%B9%96%E7%AB%99" class="extiw" title="zh:大明湖站">Daminghu railway station</a> (just by <a href="/wiki/Daming_Lake" title="Daming Lake">Daming Lake</a>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Beijing%E2%80%93Shanghai_high-speed_railway" title="Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway">Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway</a> calls at <a href="/wiki/Jinan_West_railway_station" title="Jinan West railway station">Jinan West railway station</a>, which is outside the central metropolitan center and is in suburban western Jinan's <a href="/wiki/Huaiyin_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaiyin District, Jinan">Huaiyin District</a>. Since it opened for public service on June 30, 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-chinadaily201107_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chinadaily201107-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it has become a future hub with west–east running high speed railways to <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jinan_East_railway_station" title="Jinan East railway station">Jinan East railway station</a> opened in 2018. An additional station, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan_North_railway_station&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jinan North railway station (page does not exist)">Jinan North railway station</a>, is planned. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metro">Metro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Metro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beiyuan_Station_Jinan_Metro_20221022_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Beiyuan_Station_Jinan_Metro_20221022_04.jpg/220px-Beiyuan_Station_Jinan_Metro_20221022_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Beiyuan_Station_Jinan_Metro_20221022_04.jpg/330px-Beiyuan_Station_Jinan_Metro_20221022_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Beiyuan_Station_Jinan_Metro_20221022_04.jpg/440px-Beiyuan_Station_Jinan_Metro_20221022_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Beiyuan Station on the <a href="/wiki/Jinan_Metro" title="Jinan Metro">Jinan Metro</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jinan_Metro" title="Jinan Metro">Jinan Metro</a></div> <p>Started by construction in 2013,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jinan_Metro" title="Jinan Metro">Jinan Metro</a> opened in 2019. Currently, Lines 1, 2 and 3 are operational, and has 40 stations.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expressways">Expressways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Expressways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Major expressways include <a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_104" title="China National Highway 104">China National Highway 104</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_220" title="China National Highway 220">China National Highway 220</a>, and <a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_309" title="China National Highway 309">China National Highway 309</a>. Because of Jinan's location and role as a road and rail transportation hub, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180816120015/http://www.jnqczz.com.cn/">Jinan Coach Terminus</a> has one of the largest passenger flows nationally. On peak travel days, as many as 92,000 passengers per day have been counted, on off-peak days the number is around 42,000 passengers per day.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport">Airport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jinan_Yaoqiang_International_Airport" title="Jinan Yaoqiang International Airport">Jinan Yaoqiang International Airport</a> is located about 33 km (21 mi) northeast of the city center and located in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaoqiang_Subdistrict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaoqiang Subdistrict (page does not exist)">Yaoqiang Subdistrict</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%A5%E5%A2%99%E8%A1%97%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="zh:遥墙街道">zh</a>]</span> of <a href="/wiki/Licheng_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Licheng District, Jinan">Licheng District, Jinan</a>, from which the name of the airport is derived. The airport is connected to the city center of Jinan by expressways. It has domestic flights to many of the major cities in China as well as to international destinations, in particular <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buses">Buses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Buses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The conventional buses in the city have air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned buses. Air-conditioned lines have a K prefix on their route numbers. From 2018, most lines are air-conditioned lines (Include lines without K perfix).<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These lines comprise more than 200 routes covering the whole city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_contemporary_life">Culture and contemporary life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Culture and contemporary life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialect">Dialect</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Dialect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Jinan_dialect" title="Jinan dialect">Jinan dialect</a></div> <p>Local residents in the city proper, as well as in the surrounding areas, have traditionally spoken the <a href="/wiki/Jinan_dialect" title="Jinan dialect">Jinan dialect</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a> that is not readily understood even by native speakers of standard Mandarin. The younger people of Jinan are more likely to speak standard Mandarin, whereas many older residents retain strong local dialect elements in their speech. Nevertheless, even the younger residents of Jinan tend to retain a strong local accent and mix local vocabulary into the standardized Mandarin vocabulary. Due to the influx of migrant workers during the past decade of China's economic boom, many of the current population that are of working age are not natives of Jinan but have learned to understand the Jinan dialect. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jinan has its own cuisine, the Jinan style of the <a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong cuisine</a>, one of the <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of China">Eight Culinary Traditions</a> of China. One of its features is the use of soup in its dishes. Modern cuisines in <a href="/wiki/Northern_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern China">northern China</a> —Beijing, Tianjin and the northeastern regions including <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a>, Jilin and <a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a>— are all branches of Shandong cuisine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shopping_centers_2">Shopping centers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Shopping centers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E6%B3%89%E5%9F%8E%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA%E7%9A%84%E9%83%81%E9%87%91%E9%A6%99.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E6%B3%89%E5%9F%8E%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA%E7%9A%84%E9%83%81%E9%87%91%E9%A6%99.jpg/220px-%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E6%B3%89%E5%9F%8E%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA%E7%9A%84%E9%83%81%E9%87%91%E9%A6%99.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E6%B3%89%E5%9F%8E%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA%E7%9A%84%E9%83%81%E9%87%91%E9%A6%99.jpg/330px-%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E6%B3%89%E5%9F%8E%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA%E7%9A%84%E9%83%81%E9%87%91%E9%A6%99.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E6%B3%89%E5%9F%8E%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA%E7%9A%84%E9%83%81%E9%87%91%E9%A6%99.jpg/440px-%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E6%B3%89%E5%9F%8E%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA%E7%9A%84%E9%83%81%E9%87%91%E9%A6%99.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Spring_City_Square" title="Spring City Square">Spring City Square</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Most shopping malls in Jinan are in the downtown area centered around <a href="/wiki/Spring_City_Square" title="Spring City Square">Spring City Square</a> and Quancheng Road (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B3%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:泉">泉</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9F%8E" class="extiw" title="wikt:城">城</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF" class="extiw" title="wikt:路">路</a></span>; 'spring city road'). City of Springs Square was built by the municipal government beside the city moat in the early 21st century; at the center is the statue "Spring" which has become a symbol of Jinan. The square borders on the ancient city moat. It has a music fountain, a 46,000 square meter underground shopping center and a memorial hall with statues of famous people from Shandong. </p><p>City of Springs Road was rebuilt at the same time that City of Springs Square was created. The government's intention was to create a modern business district and yet preserve the traditional Chinese culture. Therefore, newly built shopping malls with traditional Chinese architectural styles and modern western skyscrapers can be found side by side along City of Springs Road. Notable retail businesses are Quancheng Bookstore – the largest bookstore of the city – and Walmart (near the western end of City of Springs Road). Major shopping malls along the road are the Guihe Shopping Center (<span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B4%B5#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:贵">贵</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%92%8C#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:和">和</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%95%86#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:商">商</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8E%A6#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:厦">厦</a></span>), the <a href="/wiki/Sofitel" title="Sofitel">Sofitel</a> Silver Plaza, the Shimao international shopping center, and the Wanda Shopping Mall (<span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%87#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:万">万</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%BE%BE#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:达">达</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:集团">集团</a></span>). Parc 66 (<span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:济南">济南</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%81%92#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:恒">恒</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9A%86#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:隆">隆</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:广场">广场</a></span>) to the south of City of Springs Road (opposite of <a href="/wiki/Water_Lily_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="Water Lily Street">Water Lily Street</a>), opened in August 2011, is Jinan's largest shopping mall with seven levels of retail space and a total gross floor area of 171,000 square meters.<sup id="cite_ref-hanglung_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hanglung-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_tourist_attractions">Main tourist attractions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Main tourist attractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_sites_in_Jinan" title="List of sites in Jinan">List of sites in Jinan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sacredheartcathedraljinan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sacredheartcathedraljinan.jpg/220px-Sacredheartcathedraljinan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sacredheartcathedraljinan.jpg/330px-Sacredheartcathedraljinan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Sacredheartcathedraljinan.jpg/440px-Sacredheartcathedraljinan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="763" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Cathedral_(Jinan)" title="Sacred Heart Cathedral (Jinan)">Sacred Heart Cathedral, Jinan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Jinan is renowned across China for its numerous springs, the lakes fed by the spring water, and the <a href="/wiki/Salix_babylonica#Horticultural_selections_and_related_hybrids" title="Salix babylonica">weeping willows</a> that grow along the water edges. The late-Qing author <a href="/wiki/Liu_E_(writer)" title="Liu E (writer)">Liu E</a> describes Jinan's cityscape in his novel "The Travels of Lao Can" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%80%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:老">老</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%AE%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:残">残</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B8%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:游">游</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%AE%B0" class="extiw" title="wikt:记">记</a></span></span>, written 1903–04, published in 1907) as "Every family has spring water, every household has a willow tree".<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jinan was also the historical center of Buddhist culture for the whole province which is still manifest in the many historic sites that are left behind in its southern counties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Springs_and_lakes">Springs and lakes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Springs and lakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baotuspring_10000_bamboo_garden_courtyard_2008_09_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Baotuspring_10000_bamboo_garden_courtyard_2008_09_14.jpg/220px-Baotuspring_10000_bamboo_garden_courtyard_2008_09_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Baotuspring_10000_bamboo_garden_courtyard_2008_09_14.jpg/330px-Baotuspring_10000_bamboo_garden_courtyard_2008_09_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Baotuspring_10000_bamboo_garden_courtyard_2008_09_14.jpg/440px-Baotuspring_10000_bamboo_garden_courtyard_2008_09_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="1288" /></a><figcaption>Pavilion in the 10,000 Bamboo Garden of <a href="/wiki/Baotu_Spring" title="Baotu Spring">Baotu Spring Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Jinan is known as the "City of Springs" because of the large number of natural artesian springs. The majority of the springs, many of which have been historically listed under the "<a href="/wiki/List_of_sites_in_Jinan#Springs" title="List of sites in Jinan">72 Famous Springs</a>" (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%83#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:七">七</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:十">十</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:二">二</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%90%8D#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:名">名</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B3%89#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:泉">泉</a></span>) are concentrated in the downtown district and flow north to converge in <a href="/wiki/Daming_Lake" title="Daming Lake">Daming Lake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-spr_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spr-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Baotu_Spring" title="Baotu Spring">Baotu Spring Park</a> is the most popular of the springs in the City of Jinan proper. Besides the Baotu Spring, the park contains several other springs that are listed among the "72 Famous Springs". "Bào tū" (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B6%B5#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:趵">趵</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%AA%81#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:突">突</a></span>) means "jumping and leaping" in Chinese. The water in the spring pool can be seen foaming and gushing, looking like a pot of boiling water. The spring was visited by the <a href="/wiki/Qianlong_Emperor" title="Qianlong Emperor">Qianlong Emperor</a> (1711–1799) of the <a href="/wiki/Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> who declared it "the best spring under the heaven" (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E4%B8%8B%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%B3%89" class="extiw" title="wikt:天下第一泉">天下第一泉</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">tiān xià dì yī quán</span></i>). A tablet with the Emperor's handwriting "Baotu Spring" has since been erected beside the spring pool. </p><p>Not far away to the northeast of Baotu Spring Park is the <a href="/wiki/Daming_Lake" title="Daming Lake">Daming Lake</a>, which, together with Baotu Spring and the <a href="/wiki/Thousand-Buddha_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Thousand-Buddha Mountain">Thousand-Buddha Mountain</a> is often regarded as the "Three Greatest Attractions in Jinan". Other notable parks in the city include the <a href="/wiki/Five_Dragon_Pool" title="Five Dragon Pool">Five Dragon Pool</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%94#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:五">五</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%BE%99#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:龙">龙</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BD%AD#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:潭">潭</a></span>) near the Baotu Spring Park, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Tiger_Spring" title="Black Tiger Spring">Black Tiger Spring</a> (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:黑">黑</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%99%8E#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:虎">虎</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B3%89#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:泉">泉</a></span>) on the southern city moat, and the <a href="/wiki/Baimai_Springs" title="Baimai Springs">Baimai Springs</a> (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%99%BE#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:百">百</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%84%89#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:脉">脉</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B3%89#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:泉">泉</a></span>) of <a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu City">Zhangqiu City</a> to the east of Jinan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums_and_libraries">Museums and libraries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Museums and libraries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%BB%B3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%BB%B3.jpg/220px-%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%BB%B3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%BB%B3.jpg/330px-%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%BB%B3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%BB%B3.jpg/440px-%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%B1%E7%9C%81%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%A4%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%BB%B3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Hall of Shandong Provincial Museum</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Provincial_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Shandong Provincial Museum">Shandong Provincial Museum</a> located at the foothill of <a href="/wiki/Thousand-Buddha_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Thousand-Buddha Mountain">Thousand-Buddha Mountain</a> is the largest museum in the province. It has a large collection of natural as well as historical treasures from the whole province. The museum was established in its present form in 1982 and currently has 8 exhibition halls : "Treasures of Shandong Province"; "Stone Sculptures"; "Warship of the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>"; "Ancient Coins"; "Art Treasures"; "Fossil Collections"; "Dinosaurs"; and "Specimens". The museum has more than 210,000 relics and specimens, making up ⅓ of the collections in museums of whole province. </p><p>The Jinan Municipal Museum is located at the south-western foot of the Thousand-Buddha Mountain, in the north of the city center. Although much smaller than the provincial museum, the municipal museum still houses a collection of more than 20,000 items, most of which were recovered in the city area.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Art_Museum" title="Shandong Art Museum">Shandong Art Museum</a> is a large museum of <a href="/wiki/Fine_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Fine arts">fine arts</a> built near the Provincial Museum. </p><p>The Shandong Provincial Library <sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the eastern High-tech Park (address: 2912 Second Ring East Road) is the principal library of the province and is ranked among the Top 10 Chinese libraries. As of 2004<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the library had more than 5.18 million documents, many of which date back many centuries and are important sources for research on Chinese history. The library also has a large collection of western journals/books. Originally, the library was built close to Daming Lake in 1909 by the then governor of Shandong. In the late 1990s, a project was undertaken to move the library to the eastern part of the city, and it reopened in 2002 with 35 reading rooms and more than 2000 seats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_Nature_Reserves">Parks and Nature Reserves</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Parks and Nature Reserves"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jinan_Hundred_Miles_Yellow_River_Scenic_Area" title="Jinan Hundred Miles Yellow River Scenic Area">Jinan Hundred Miles Yellow River Scenic Area</a> is located in No.166 Luokou Huancheng Road in <a href="/wiki/Tianqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianqiao District">Tianqiao District</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-travelchina.gov.cn_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-travelchina.gov.cn-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is designed as an ecological cultural theme park which focuses on ecological tourism, cultural tourism, and healthy tourism. The Yellow River of this section stretches 51.98 kilometers.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jinan_Hundred_Miles_Yellow_River_Scenic_Area" title="Jinan Hundred Miles Yellow River Scenic Area">Jinan Hundred Miles Yellow River Scenic Area</a> was awarded the title "Fifty Scenes of the Yellow River in China" on September 12, 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Levee extending along the Yellow River in this scenery area, is praised as "the Great Wall over water".<sup id="cite_ref-travelchina.gov.cn_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-travelchina.gov.cn-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Foshandaoying.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Foshandaoying.jpg/220px-Foshandaoying.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Foshandaoying.jpg/330px-Foshandaoying.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Foshandaoying.jpg/440px-Foshandaoying.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3466" data-file-height="2301" /></a><figcaption>Daming Lake</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_Forest_Park_(Jinan)" title="Yellow River Forest Park (Jinan)">Yellow River Forest Park (Jinan)</a> is located on the north bank of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a>. The Yellow River Forest Park sprawls over 1500mu (100 hectares) and has 300,000 trees of various breeds.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yellow River Forest Park is the only park equipping with a forest <a href="/wiki/Race_track" title="Race track">racecourse</a>, which has a course of 3 <a href="/wiki/Li_(unit)" title="Li (unit)">Li (unit)</a>, in Jinan City. Yellow River Forest Park provides not only an area covering 5000 square meters for visitors to freely barbecue but also a fishing pond covering 1,800 square meters. Visitors can participate in various activities here, such as <a href="/wiki/Roller_skating" title="Roller skating">roller skating</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cue_sports" title="Cue sports">cue sports</a>, table tennis, <a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">archery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shooting" title="Shooting">shooting</a>, etc. </p><p>Daming Lake Park is located in the center of Jinan City, covering an area of 46.5 hectares. Daming Lake Park is considered one of the three must-see tourist spots of Jinan (the others are Baotu Spring Park and <a href="/wiki/Thousand_Buddha_Mountain" title="Thousand Buddha Mountain">Thousand Buddha Mountain</a>). Daming Lake Park has many scenic spots, such as the <a href="/wiki/Daming_Lake" title="Daming Lake">Daming Lake</a> and the Lixia Pavilion. Daming Lake is a natural lake consisting of many springs. It is unique because the lake has constant water level unaffected by heavy rains or drought.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lixia Pavilion, which was built in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Wei_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Wei period">Northern Wei period</a>, is in the center of the Daming Lake. There are so many ancient buildings in Daming Lake Park that it has a title describing them, which is "One terrace, three gardens, three towers, four ancestral halls, six isles, seven bridges and ten pavilions".<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_research">Education and research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Education and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89%E5%8D%97%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%88%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%89.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89%E5%8D%97%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%88%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%89.jpg/220px-%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89%E5%8D%97%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%88%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%89.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89%E5%8D%97%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%88%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%89.jpg/330px-%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89%E5%8D%97%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%88%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%89.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89%E5%8D%97%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%88%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%89.jpg/440px-%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83%E6%A0%A1%E5%8C%BA%EF%BC%89%E5%8D%97%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%88%E6%AD%A3%E9%97%A8%EF%BC%89.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Central Campus of <a href="/wiki/Shandong_University" title="Shandong University">Shandong University</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Building_of_Shandong_Normal_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Building_of_Shandong_Normal_University.jpg/220px-Building_of_Shandong_Normal_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Building_of_Shandong_Normal_University.jpg/330px-Building_of_Shandong_Normal_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Building_of_Shandong_Normal_University.jpg/440px-Building_of_Shandong_Normal_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Normal_University" title="Shandong Normal University">Shandong Normal University</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Jinan is one of the top 35 cities in the world for scientific research as tracked by the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a> according to the Nature Index 2023 Science Cities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notably, <a href="/wiki/Shandong_University" title="Shandong University">Shandong University</a> is one of <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of universities in China">China's most prestigious universities</a> as a member of the former <a href="/wiki/Project_985" title="Project 985">Project 985</a> and the current <a href="/wiki/Double_First-Class_Construction" title="Double First-Class Construction">Double First-Class Construction</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities_and_colleges">Universities and colleges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Universities and colleges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Qilu Normal University (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E9%B2%81" class="extiw" title="wikt:齐鲁">齐鲁</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B8%88%E8%8C%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:师范">师范</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:学院">学院</a></span></span>, formerly Shandong Educational Institute: <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:山东">山东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" class="extiw" title="wikt:教育">教育</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:学院">学院</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qilu_University_of_Technology" title="Qilu University of Technology">Qilu University of Technology</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:山东">山东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%BD%BB%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A" class="extiw" title="wikt:轻工业">轻工业</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:学院">学院</a></span></span>, or Shandong Polytechnic University)<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Shandong Architectural Institute (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:山东">山东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91" class="extiw" title="wikt:建筑">建筑</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:大学">大学</a></span></span>)</li> <li>Shandong College of Electronic Technology (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:山东">山东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:电子">电子</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%81%8C%E4%B8%9A" class="extiw" title="wikt:职业">职业</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" class="extiw" title="wikt:技术">技术</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:学院">学院</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Shandong Jiaotong University (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:山东">山东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" class="extiw" title="wikt:交通">交通</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:学院">学院</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Normal_University" title="Shandong Normal University">Shandong Normal University</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:山东">山东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B8%88%E8%8C%83" class="extiw" title="wikt:师范">师范</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="extiw" title="wikt:大学">大学</a></span></span>)</li> <li>Shandong Polytechnic (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97" class="extiw" title="wikt:济南">济南</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%93%81%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="wikt:铁道">铁道</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%81%8C%E4%B8%9A" class="extiw" title="wikt:职业">职业</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" class="extiw" title="wikt:技术">技术</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:学院">学院</a></span></span>, formerly Jinan Railway Polytechnic)<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Shandong Sport University (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:山东">山东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2" class="extiw" title="wikt:体育">体育</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:学院">学院</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University" title="Shandong University">Shandong University</a></li> <li>Shandong University of Art and Design (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:山东">山东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E8%89%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:工艺">工艺</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%9C%AF" class="extiw" title="wikt:美术">美术</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:学院">学院</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Shandong University of Arts (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C" class="extiw" title="wikt:山东">山东</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" class="extiw" title="wikt:艺术">艺术</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:学院">学院</a></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University_of_Finance_and_Economics" title="Shandong University of Finance and Economics">Shandong University of Finance and Economics</a><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Shandong University of Science and Technology">Shandong University of Science and Technology</a>, which also has campuses in Qingdao and Tai'an.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University_of_Traditional_Chinese_Medicine" title="Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine">Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine</a><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Women%27s_University" title="Shandong Women's University">Shandong Women's University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Jinan" title="University of Jinan">University of Jinan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provincial_high_schools">Provincial high schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Provincial high schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Experimental_High_School" title="Shandong Experimental High School">Shandong Experimental High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan_Foreign_Language_School" title="Jinan Foreign Language School">Jinan Foreign Language School</a></li> <li>The High School Affiliated to Shandong Normal University (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">山东师范大学附属中学</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most renowned sports team in Jinan is <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Hi-Speed_Kirin" title="Shandong Hi-Speed Kirin">Shandong Hi-Speed Kirin</a>. They have been playing in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Basketball_Association" title="Chinese Basketball Association">Chinese Basketball Association</a> (CBA) since 1995. In the <a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_CBA_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2012–13 CBA season">2012–13 CBA season</a> they reached the final, but lost 4–0 to <a href="/wiki/Guangdong_Southern_Tigers" title="Guangdong Southern Tigers">Guangdong Southern Tigers</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Taishan_F.C." title="Shandong Taishan F.C.">Shandong Taishan</a> Football Club is the most widely known football team in Jinan. The club currently plays in the highest tier of Chinese football, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Super_League" title="Chinese Super League">Chinese Super League</a>. They have been playing in the top tier for every season since the league became professional in 1994. Shandong Taishan has won five top division titles, eight <a href="/wiki/Chinese_FA_Cup" title="Chinese FA Cup">Chinese FA Cups</a>, and one <a href="/wiki/Chinese_FA_Super_Cup" title="Chinese FA Super Cup">Chinese FA Super Cup</a>. Jinan was also one of four host cities of China during the <a href="/wiki/2004_AFC_Asian_Cup" title="2004 AFC Asian Cup">2004 AFC Asian Cup</a>. </p><p>In 2009, Jinan hosted the <a href="/wiki/2009_National_Games_of_China" title="2009 National Games of China">2009 National Games of China</a>, the premier sports event at the national level in China and the first major multi-sports event held in China after the <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>. The National Games' main venue was the <a href="/wiki/Jinan_Olympic_Sports_Center" title="Jinan Olympic Sports Center">Jinan Olympic Sports Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Opening_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Opening-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2014, Jinan has also been known as the site of China's national winter swimming festivals at <a href="/wiki/Daming_Lake" title="Daming Lake">Daming Lake</a>, since 2016 organized in cooperation with the <a href="/wiki/International_Winter_Swimming_Association" title="International Winter Swimming Association">International Winter Swimming Association</a> (IWSA). In the 2019–20 season, Jinan hosted the 8th Winter Springs-swimming International Invitational.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 28em;"> <dl><dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, Germany (January 29, 2004)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, United Kingdom (May 5, 1983)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Joondalup" title="Joondalup">Joondalup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>, Australia (September 4, 2004)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kazanlak" title="Kazanlak">Kazanlak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stara_Zagora_Province" title="Stara Zagora Province">Stara Zagora Province</a>, Bulgaria (January 21, 2013)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a>, Ukraine (July 31, 2006)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kfar_Saba" title="Kfar Saba">Kfar Saba</a>, Israel (July 16, 2007)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marmaris" title="Marmaris">Marmaris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mu%C4%9Fla_Province" title="Muğla Province">Muğla Province</a>, Turkey (September 19, 2011)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a>, Russia (September 22, 1994)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/20px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/31px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg/40px-Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Port_Moresby" title="Port Moresby">Port Moresby</a>, Papua New Guinea (February 29, 1988)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Porto_Velho" title="Porto Velho">Porto Velho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rond%C3%B4nia" title="Rondônia">State of Rondônia</a>, Brazil (September 19, 2011)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Praia" title="Praia">Praia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Cape_Verde" title="Santiago, Cape Verde">Santiago Island</a>, Cape Verde (April 9, 2009)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Regina,_Saskatchewan" title="Regina, Saskatchewan">Regina, Saskatchewan</a>, Canada (January 29, 1985)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brittany_(administrative_region)" title="Brittany (administrative region)">Brittany Region</a>, France (March 24, 2000)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento, California</a>, United States (October 2, 1984)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Suwon" title="Suwon">Suwon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gyeonggi_Province" title="Gyeonggi Province">Gyeonggi Province</a>, South Korea (June 16, 1993)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vantaa" title="Vantaa">Vantaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uusimaa" title="Uusimaa">Uusimaa</a>, Finland (December 22, 2000)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vitebsk" title="Vitebsk">Vitebsk</a>, Belarus (August 17, 2009)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wakayama_(city)" title="Wakayama (city)">Wakayama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a>, Japan (April 20, 1982)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yamaguchi_(city)" title="Yamaguchi (city)">Yamaguchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honshu" title="Honshu">Honshu</a>, Japan (March 22, 1985)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, India (December 8, 2017)</dd> <dd><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ethiopia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arba_Minch" title="Arba Minch">Arba Minch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Nations,_Nationalities,_and_Peoples%27_Region" title="Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region">Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region</a>, Ethiopia (September 4, 2018)</dd></dl> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_People">Notable People</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notable People"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Ping_(artist)" title="Yan Ping (artist)">Yan Ping</a> (born 1956) - oil painter</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In addition to the names in <a href="#Infobox">the infobox above</a>, Jinan has also been romanized as <b>Tse-nan</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">济南</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Jǐnán</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Postal_Map_Romanization" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal Map Romanization">alternately</a> <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese" title="Romanization of Chinese">romanized</a> as <b>Tsinan</b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/shandong/admin/">"China: Shāndōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303113532/https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/shandong/admin/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Colin A. Ronan, ed. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%89%B9%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%3A+%E6%B1%89%E6%B5%8E%E5%8C%97%E7%8E%8B%E5%A2%93%28%E5%8F%A4%E5%A2%93%E8%91%AC%29%E3%80%8B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.godpp.gov.cn%2Fwmzh%2F2007-09%2F18%2Fcontent_11176999.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiu_Guolin_(刘国林Category:Articles_containing_Chinese-language_text)" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Liu Guolin (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">刘国林</span></span>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dzwww.com/qiluwanbao/qilujinzhoumo/200212130655.htm"><bdi lang="zh">《济北王墓: 一个诸侯王的身后事》</bdi></a>. <bdi lang="zh">大众网</bdi> (in Simplified Chinese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090903113226/http://www.dzwww.com/qiluwanbao/qilujinzhoumo/200212130655.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%B5%8E%E5%8C%97%E7%8E%8B%E5%A2%93%3A+%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF%E7%8E%8B%E7%9A%84%E8%BA%AB%E5%90%8E%E4%BA%8B%E3%80%8B&rft.au=Liu+Guolin+%28%3Cspan+title%3D%22Chinese-language+text%22%3E%3Cspan+lang%3D%22zh-Hans%22%3E%E5%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E6%9E%97%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECategory%3AArticles+containing+Chinese-language+text%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dzwww.com%2Fqiluwanbao%2Fqilujinzhoumo%2F200212130655.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">de Crespigny, p.39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rossabi-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rossabi_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morris Rossabi (1988): "Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times" Berkeley: University of California Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">Li, Si (李斯). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayonhistory.com/6/1/jiaojitielutongche.html"><bdi lang="zh">1904年06月01日胶济铁路通车</bdi></a>. <i>www.todayonhistory.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903061227/http://www.todayonhistory.com/6/1/jiaojitielutongche.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.todayonhistory.com&rft.atitle=1904%E5%B9%B406%E6%9C%8801%E6%97%A5+%E8%83%B6%E6%B5%8E%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF%E9%80%9A%E8%BD%A6&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Si+%28%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%AF%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayonhistory.com%2F6%2F1%2Fjiaojitielutongche.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boxerorigins-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-boxerorigins_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXiang2003" class="citation book cs1">Xiang, Lanxin (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lAxresT12ogC"><i>The Origins of the Boxer War</i></a>. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780700715633" title="Special:BookSources/9780700715633"><bdi>9780700715633</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170323132421/https://books.google.com/books?id=lAxresT12ogC">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+the+Boxer+War&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780700715633&rft.aulast=Xiang&rft.aufirst=Lanxin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlAxresT12ogC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-websofsmoke-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-websofsmoke_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-websofsmoke_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWittebolsMeyerParssinen2004" class="citation book cs1">Wittebols, James H.; Meyer, Kathryn; Parssinen, Terry M. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RNknjDjfH6AC"><i>The Soap Opera Paradigm</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780742520035" title="Special:BookSources/9780742520035"><bdi>9780742520035</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170323144644/https://books.google.com/books?id=RNknjDjfH6AC">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Soap+Opera+Paradigm&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield+Publishers&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780742520035&rft.aulast=Wittebols&rft.aufirst=James+H.&rft.au=Meyer%2C+Kathryn&rft.au=Parssinen%2C+Terry+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRNknjDjfH6AC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldron2003" class="citation book cs1">Waldron, Arthur (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MOK2HJ7BHigC"><i>From War to Nationalism: China's Turning Point, 1924–1925</i></a>. Cambridge UP. p. 105. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52332-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52332-5"><bdi>978-0-521-52332-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170323175409/https://books.google.com/books?id=MOK2HJ7BHigC&g=PA105">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+War+to+Nationalism%3A+China%27s+Turning+Point%2C+1924%E2%80%931925&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=Cambridge+UP&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-52332-5&rft.aulast=Waldron&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMOK2HJ7BHigC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-buckley-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-buckley_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbrey2009" class="citation book cs1">Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (24 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CUcdH6opOlcC"><i>Chinese Civilization</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781439188392" title="Special:BookSources/9781439188392"><bdi>9781439188392</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170323151651/https://books.google.com/books?id=CUcdH6opOlcC">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Civilization&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2009-11-24&rft.isbn=9781439188392&rft.aulast=Ebrey&rft.aufirst=Patricia+Buckley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCUcdH6opOlcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iriye, <i>After Imperialism,</i> 195–200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iriye, <i>After Imperialism,</i> 199–201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJi'nan_Government2005" class="citation web cs1">Ji'nan Government (1 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120724101408/https://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8702.html">"The Year of 1928"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8702.html">the original</a> on 24 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2013</span>. <q><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">蔡公时用日语抗议, 日兵竟将其耳鼻割去, 继又挖去舌头、眼睛.日军将被缚人员的衣服剥光, 恣意鞭打, 然后拉至院内用机枪扫射</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Year+of+1928&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.au=Ji%27nan+Government&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jinan.gov.cn%2Fart%2F2005%2F9%2F1%2Fart_40_8702.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Martin Wilbur, "The Nationalist Revolution: from Canton to Nanking, 1923–1928," <i>Cambridge History of China</i>, Volume 12 <i>Republican China, 1912–1949</i> Pt I (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), 702–706.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anxiang-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-anxiang_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160311010252/http://orbat.com/site/history/volume5/534/1928%20northern%20campaign%20part%20ii.pdf">"Orbat.com"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orbat.com/site/history/volume5/534/1928%20Northern%20Campaign%20Part%20II.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 11 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Orbat.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forbat.com%2Fsite%2Fhistory%2Fvolume5%2F534%2F1928%2520Northern%2520Campaign%2520Part%2520II.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jay Taylor, <i>The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-Shek and the Struggle for Modern China</i> (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2009), 82–83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank Dorn, <i>The Sino-Japanese War, 1937–41: From Marco Polo Bridge to Pearl Harbor</i> (New York: Macmillan, 1974), pg. 81–82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dorn, pg. 81–82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-larywar-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-larywar_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-larywar_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-larywar_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-larywar_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-larywar_37-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Diana Lary: "Treachery, Disgrace and Death: Han Fuju and China's Resistance to Japan" War in History 2006 13 (1) 65–90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pacificwar-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pacificwar_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent_G._Budge" class="citation web cs1">Kent G. Budge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/T/s/Tsinan.htm">"The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia: Tsinan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160330195537/http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/T/s/Tsinan.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 30 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Pacific+War+Online+Encyclopedia%3A+Tsinan&rft.au=Kent+G.+Budge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpwencycl.kgbudge.com%2FT%2Fs%2FTsinan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dorn, pg. 82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacKinnonCapa2008" class="citation book cs1">MacKinnon, Stephen R.; Capa, Robert (2008). <i>Wuhan, 1938: War, Refugees, and the Making of Modern China</i>. University of California Press. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-25445-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-25445-9"><bdi>978-0-520-25445-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wuhan%2C+1938%3A+War%2C+Refugees%2C+and+the+Making+of+Modern+China&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-520-25445-9&rft.aulast=MacKinnon&rft.aufirst=Stephen+R.&rft.au=Capa%2C+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacKinnon-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MacKinnon_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephen MacKinnon, "The Tragedy of Wuhan, 1938", Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 30, No. 4, Special Issue: War in Modern China (October 1996), pp. 931-943</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-time1948_10_04-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-time1948_10_04_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-time1948_10_04_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-time1948_10_04_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130823173912/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,799241,00.html">"OHINA: Province for a Poet"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a></i>. 4 October 1948. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,799241,00.html">the original</a> on 23 August 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=OHINA%3A+Province+for+a+Poet&rft.date=1948-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C799241%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gov1966up-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gov1966up_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gov1966up_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gov1966up_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109171700/http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8758.html">"Jinan City Government online records for 1966 (1st half)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8758.html">the original</a> on 9 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jinan+City+Government+online+records+for+1966+%281st+half%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jinan.gov.cn%2Fart%2F2005%2F9%2F1%2Fart_40_8758.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gov1967up-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gov1967up_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109165559/http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8760.html">"Jinan City Government online records for 1967 (1st half)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8760.html">the original</a> on 9 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jinan+City+Government+online+records+for+1967+%281st+half%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jinan.gov.cn%2Fart%2F2005%2F9%2F1%2Fart_40_8760.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109231025/http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8761.html">"Jinan City Government online records for 1967 (2nd half)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8761.html">the original</a> on 9 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jinan+City+Government+online+records+for+1967+%282nd+half%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jinan.gov.cn%2Fart%2F2005%2F9%2F1%2Fart_40_8761.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109172459/http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8762.html">"Jinan City Government online records for 1968"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8762.html">the original</a> on 9 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jinan+City+Government+online+records+for+1968&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jinan.gov.cn%2Fart%2F2005%2F9%2F1%2Fart_40_8762.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109212939/http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8763.html">"Jinan City Government online records for 1969"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8763.html">the original</a> on 9 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jinan+City+Government+online+records+for+1969&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jinan.gov.cn%2Fart%2F2005%2F9%2F1%2Fart_40_8763.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109183817/http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8764.html">"Jinan City Government online records for 1970"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8764.html">the original</a> on 9 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jinan+City+Government+online+records+for+1970&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jinan.gov.cn%2Fart%2F2005%2F9%2F1%2Fart_40_8764.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8768.htmlJinan">City Government online records for 1974</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged July 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109171233/http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8766.html">"Jinan City Government online records for 1971"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8766.html">the original</a> on 9 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jinan+City+Government+online+records+for+1971&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jinan.gov.cn%2Fart%2F2005%2F9%2F1%2Fart_40_8766.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109185253/http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8767.html">"Jinan City Government online records for 1972"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8767.html">the original</a> on 9 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jinan+City+Government+online+records+for+1972&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jinan.gov.cn%2Fart%2F2005%2F9%2F1%2Fart_40_8767.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109211646/http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8769.html">"Jinan City Government online records for 1975"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8769.html">the original</a> on 9 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jinan+City+Government+online+records+for+1975&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jinan.gov.cn%2Fart%2F2005%2F9%2F1%2Fart_40_8769.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109182352/http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8770.html">"Jinan City Government online records for 1976"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2005/9/1/art_40_8770.html">the original</a> on 9 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jinan+City+Government+online+records+for+1976&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jinan.gov.cn%2Fart%2F2005%2F9%2F1%2Fart_40_8770.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.11th-games.org.cn/">http://www.11th-games.org.cn/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216114558/http://www.11th-games.org.cn/">Archived</a> December 16, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 11th All China Games website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2019-01/09/c_1123965998.htm?baike"><bdi lang="zh">国务院批复同意山东省调整济南市莱芜市行政区划-新华网</bdi></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Xinhua" class="mw-redirect" title="Xinhua">Xinhua</a></i>. 9 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190212011919/http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2019-01/09/c_1123965998.htm?baike">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Xinhua&rft.atitle=%E5%9B%BD%E5%8A%A1%E9%99%A2%E6%89%B9%E5%A4%8D%E5%90%8C%E6%84%8F%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E7%9C%81%E8%B0%83%E6%95%B4%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E8%8E%B1%E8%8A%9C%E5%B8%82%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92-%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%8E%E7%BD%91&rft.date=2019-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xinhuanet.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019-01%2F09%2Fc_1123965998.htm%3Fbaike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081121125103/http://www.chinacp.org.cn/eng/cpcities/cp_jinan.html">"Cleaner Production in China"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinacp.org.cn/eng/cpcities/cp_jinan.html">the original</a> on 21 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cleaner+Production+in+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinacp.org.cn%2Feng%2Fcpcities%2Fcp_jinan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.qq.com/a/20070731/001245.htm"><bdi lang="zh">高温逼出新"火炉"之争济南城热门候选_山东新闻_新闻_腾讯网</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). QQ News. 31 July 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130526122452/http://news.qq.com/a/20070731/001245.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%AB%98%E6%B8%A9%E9%80%BC%E5%87%BA%E6%96%B0%22%E7%81%AB%E7%82%89%22%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%89+%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%8E%E7%83%AD%E9%97%A8%E5%80%99%E9%80%89_%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB_%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB_%E8%85%BE%E8%AE%AF%E7%BD%91&rft.pub=QQ+News&rft.date=2007-07-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.qq.com%2Fa%2F20070731%2F001245.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130318113757/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger">"无标题文档"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag%3DdataLogger">the original</a> on 18 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%97%A0%E6%A0%87%E9%A2%98%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdc.cma.gov.cn%2FdataSetLogger.do%3FchangeFlag%253DdataLogger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150302053152/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/home.do"><bdi lang="zh">中国气象科学数据共享服务网</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/home.do">the original</a> on 2 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%AB%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%BD%91&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdc.cma.gov.cn%2Fhome.do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cma_graphical-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cma_graphical_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html"><bdi lang="zh">中国气象数据网 - WeatherBk Data</bdi></a> (in Chinese (China)). <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180905194950/http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%BD%91+-+WeatherBk+Data&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.cma.cn%2Fdata%2FweatherBk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CMA_old-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CMA_old_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055035/http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3"><bdi lang="zh">中国地面国际交换站气候标准值月值数据集(1971-2000年)</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old-cdc.cma.gov.cn/shuju/search1.jsp?dsid=SURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES&tpcat=SURF&type=table&pageid=3">the original</a> on 21 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E9%9D%A2%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E4%BA%A4%E6%8D%A2%E7%AB%99%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%80%BC%E6%9C%88%E5%80%BC%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E9%9B%86%281971-2000%E5%B9%B4%29&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold-cdc.cma.gov.cn%2Fshuju%2Fsearch1.jsp%3Fdsid%3DSURF_CLI_CHN_MUL_MMON_19712000_CES%26tpcat%3DSURF%26type%3Dtable%26pageid%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps">"Experience Template" <bdi lang="zh">CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020)</bdi></a> (in Chinese). <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404092524/https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Experience+Template+CMA%E5%8F%B0%E7%AB%99%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%80%BC%281991-2020%29&rft.pub=China+Meteorological+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexperience.arcgis.com%2Ftemplate%2Fe724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55%2Fpage%2F%25E7%25BA%25AF%25E8%25A1%25A8%25E6%25A0%25BC%25E7%25BB%259F%25E8%25AE%25A1-%28%25E5%25AF%25B9%25E6%25AF%25948110%25E5%258F%2598%25E5%258C%2596%29%2F%3Forg%3DUQmaps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnhtc.com.cn/en/index2.htm">Introduction CNHTC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080508070126/http://www.cnhtc.com.cn/en/index2.htm">Archived</a> 2008-05-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <a href="/wiki/China_National_Heavy_Duty_Truck_Group" title="China National Heavy Duty Truck Group">China National Heavy Duty Truck Group</a>. Retrieved on July 8, 2010. "The headquarters of China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Co., Ltd. (CNHTC) is located in Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/jinan-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone/">"Ji'nan High-tech Industrial Development Zone"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502061204/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/jinan-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ji%27nan+High-tech+Industrial+Development+Zone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frightsite.asia%2Fen%2Findustrial-zone%2Fjinan-hi-tech-industrial-development-zone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/jinan-export-processing-zone/">"Ji'nan Export Processing Zone"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310002114/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/jinan-export-processing-zone">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ji%27nan+Export+Processing+Zone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frightsite.asia%2Fen%2Findustrial-zone%2Fjinan-export-processing-zone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hanglung-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hanglung_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hanglung_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hanglung.com/en/mainland-china-properties/parc-66.aspx">"Hang Lung – Home"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160122124239/http://www.hanglung.com/en/mainland-china-properties/parc-66.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hang+Lung+%E2%80%93+Home&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hanglung.com%2Fen%2Fmainland-china-properties%2Fparc-66.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chinadaily201107-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chinadaily201107_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/shandong/e/2011-07/04/content_12829317.htm">"Jinan welcomes high-speed rail"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100002/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/m/shandong/e/2011-07/04/content_12829317.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jinan+welcomes+high-speed+rail&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fm%2Fshandong%2Fe%2F2011-07%2F04%2Fcontent_12829317.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF田艳敏" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">田艳敏. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.e23.cn/content/2013-12-29/2013C2900252.html"><bdi lang="zh">20131229济南新闻济南轨道交通市域快线建设启动</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041530/http://news.e23.cn/content/2013-12-29/2013C2900252.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=20131229%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB+%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E8%BD%A8%E9%81%93%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E5%B8%82%E5%9F%9F%E5%BF%AB%E7%BA%BF%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E5%90%AF%E5%8A%A8&rft.au=%E7%94%B0%E8%89%B3%E6%95%8F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.e23.cn%2Fcontent%2F2013-12-29%2F2013C2900252.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sd.ifeng.com/a/20191213/7976177_0.shtml">"定了!济南地铁3号线12月28日正式通车"</a>. <i>sd.ifeng.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624212217/http://sd.ifeng.com/a/20191213/7976177_0.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sd.ifeng.com&rft.atitle=%E5%AE%9A%E4%BA%86%21%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%813%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF12%E6%9C%8828%E6%97%A5%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E9%80%9A%E8%BD%A6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsd.ifeng.com%2Fa%2F20191213%2F7976177_0.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090205201549/http://jnqczz.com.cn/qiyejianjie/qiyejianjie.htm">"Jinan Coach Terminus official website (in Chinese)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jnqczz.com.cn/qiyejianjie/qiyejianjie.htm">the original</a> on 5 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jinan+Coach+Terminus+official+website+%28in+Chinese%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jnqczz.com.cn%2Fqiyejianjie%2Fqiyejianjie.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.finavia.fi/en/newsroom/2019/new-long-distance-route-asia-tibet-airlines-will-commence-flights-jinan-china">"New long distance route to Asia: Tibet Airlines will commence flights from Jinan, China, to Helsinki Airport in the spring 2019"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190414075914/https://www.finavia.fi/en/newsroom/2019/new-long-distance-route-asia-tibet-airlines-will-commence-flights-jinan-china">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+long+distance+route+to+Asia%3A+Tibet+Airlines+will+commence+flights+from+Jinan%2C+China%2C+to+Helsinki+Airport+in+the+spring+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.finavia.fi%2Fen%2Fnewsroom%2F2019%2Fnew-long-distance-route-asia-tibet-airlines-will-commence-flights-jinan-china&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://airlineroute.net/2013/08/26/sc-tnakix-w13/">"Shandong Airlines to Resume Jinan – Osaka Service from late-October 2013"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150712213043/http://airlineroute.net/2013/08/26/sc-tnakix-w13/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shandong+Airlines+to+Resume+Jinan+%E2%80%93+Osaka+Service+from+late-October+2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fairlineroute.net%2F2013%2F08%2F26%2Fsc-tnakix-w13%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fangchan.qlwb.com.cn/news/2018/cjgh_0706/54323.html"><bdi lang="zh">年底济南公交车全部更新为空调车还将推虚拟公交卡</bdi></a> [By the end of the year, all Jinan buses will be updated to air-conditioned vehicles, and virtual bus cards will also be introduced]. <i>Qilu Evening News</i>. 6 July 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190622115233/http://fangchan.qlwb.com.cn/news/2018/cjgh_0706/54323.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Qilu+Evening+News&rft.atitle=%E5%B9%B4%E5%BA%95%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E5%85%AC%E4%BA%A4%E8%BD%A6%E5%85%A8%E9%83%A8%E6%9B%B4%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%BA%E7%A9%BA%E8%B0%83%E8%BD%A6+%E8%BF%98%E5%B0%86%E6%8E%A8%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E5%85%AC%E4%BA%A4%E5%8D%A1&rft.date=2018-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffangchan.qlwb.com.cn%2Fnews%2F2018%2Fcjgh_0706%2F54323.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Original <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">家家泉水, 户户垂杨</span>; <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">家家泉水, 戶戶垂楊</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jnmuseum.com">Jinan Municipal Museum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080107093019/http://www.jnmuseum.com/">Archived</a> January 7, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdlib.com/">"Shandong Provincial Library"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403025546/http://www.sdlib.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shandong+Provincial+Library&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdlib.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-travelchina.gov.cn-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-travelchina.gov.cn_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-travelchina.gov.cn_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelchina.gov.cn/sitefiles/gjly_en/html/meijing/4203.shtml">"Jinan Baili Yellow River Scenic Area-Shandong-Places To Go-Exploring China – China – Beyond Your Imagination, China Overseas Tourism Promotion Website"</a>. <i>www.travelchina.gov.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127194438/http://www.travelchina.gov.cn/sitefiles/gjly_en/html/meijing/4203.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.travelchina.gov.cn&rft.atitle=Jinan+Baili+Yellow+River+Scenic+Area-Shandong-Places+To+Go-Exploring+China+%E2%80%93+China+%E2%80%93+Beyond+Your+Imagination%2C+China+Overseas+Tourism+Promotion+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelchina.gov.cn%2Fsitefiles%2Fgjly_en%2Fhtml%2Fmeijing%2F4203.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jinan Baili Yellow River Scenic Area <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.travelchina.gov.cn/sitefiles/gjly_en/html/meijing/4203.shtml">http://www.travelchina.gov.cn/sitefiles/gjly_en/html/meijing/4203.shtml</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127194438/http://www.travelchina.gov.cn/sitefiles/gjly_en/html/meijing/4203.shtml">Archived</a> November 27, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved November 27, 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sohu.com/a/253482207_100027872/"><bdi lang="zh">"中国黄河50景"新鲜出炉_旅游</bdi></a>. <i>www.sohu.com</i>. 12 September 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181128034922/https://www.sohu.com/a/253482207_100027872/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sohu.com&rft.atitle=%22%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B350%E6%99%AF%22%E6%96%B0%E9%B2%9C%E5%87%BA%E7%82%89_%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8&rft.date=2018-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sohu.com%2Fa%2F253482207_100027872%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi" class="citation web cs1">Li, Lina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zhongwenhelp.com/jinan.html">"Jinan – ZhongWenHelp"</a>. <i>www.zhongwenhelp.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170506111403/http://zhongwenhelp.com/jinan.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.zhongwenhelp.com&rft.atitle=Jinan+%E2%80%93+ZhongWenHelp&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Lina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zhongwenhelp.com%2Fjinan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/shandong/jinan/daming_lake.htm">"Daming Lake Park, Jinan"</a>. <i>www.travelchinaguide.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127234320/https://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/shandong/jinan/daming_lake.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.travelchinaguide.com&rft.atitle=Daming+Lake+Park%2C+Jinan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelchinaguide.com%2Fattraction%2Fshandong%2Fjinan%2Fdaming_lake.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wutongzi.com/a/57508.html"><bdi lang="zh">济南三大名胜之大明湖</bdi></a>. <i>www.wutongzi.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181129225137/http://www.wutongzi.com/a/57508.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wutongzi.com&rft.atitle=%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E4%B8%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D%E8%83%9C%E4%B9%8B%E5%A4%A7%E6%98%8E%E6%B9%96&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wutongzi.com%2Fa%2F57508.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qlnu.edu.cn/"><bdi lang="zh">齐鲁师范学院</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160423010540/http://www.qlnu.edu.cn/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%BD%90%E9%B2%81%E5%B8%88%E8%8C%83%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qlnu.edu.cn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.qlu.edu.cn/">"QILU UNIVERSITY OF TECHROLOGY"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160511104221/http://english.qlu.edu.cn/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QILU+UNIVERSITY+OF+TECHROLOGY&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.qlu.edu.cn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdcet.cn/"><bdi lang="zh">欢迎访问山东电子职业技术学院</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160516222608/http://www.sdcet.cn/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%AC%A2%E8%BF%8E%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%81%8C%E4%B8%9A%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdcet.cn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdjtu.edu.cn/">"Shandong Jiaotong University official website"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140329211149/http://www.sdjtu.edu.cn/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shandong+Jiaotong+University+official+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdjtu.edu.cn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdp.edu.cn/index.htm"><bdi lang="zh">山东职业学院(原济南铁道职业技术学院)</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031308/http://www.sdp.edu.cn/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E8%81%8C%E4%B8%9A%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%28%E5%8E%9F%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97%E9%93%81%E9%81%93%E8%81%8C%E4%B8%9A%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdp.edu.cn%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdpei.edu.cn"><bdi lang="zh">山东体育学院</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160521121644/http://www.sdpei.edu.cn/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E4%BD%93%E8%82%B2%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdpei.edu.cn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160531203053/http://www.sdada.edu.cn/wsb/"><bdi lang="zh">外事办</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdada.edu.cn/wsb/">the original</a> on 31 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%9E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdada.edu.cn%2Fwsb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160623051820/http://www.sdca.edu.cn/english.html"><bdi lang="zh">欢迎访问山东艺术学院</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdca.edu.cn/english.html">the original</a> on 23 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E6%AC%A2%E8%BF%8E%E8%AE%BF%E9%97%AE%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdca.edu.cn%2Fenglish.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdufe.edu.cn/"><bdi lang="zh">山东财经大学欢迎您</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160523054549/http://www.sdufe.edu.cn/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E8%B4%A2%E7%BB%8F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E6%AC%A2%E8%BF%8E%E6%82%A8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdufe.edu.cn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sdutcm.edu.cn/english.html">Shandong University of Chinese Traditional Medicine official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140410012825/http://www.sdutcm.edu.cn/english.html">Archived</a> April 10, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fuzhong.sd.cn/">"Senior High School Attached to Shandong Normal University official website"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140331162928/http://www.fuzhong.sd.cn/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Senior+High+School+Attached+to+Shandong+Normal+University+official+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fuzhong.sd.cn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Opening-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Opening_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2009-10/17/content_8805502.htm">11th Chinese National Games opens in Jinan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140429044735/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2009-10/17/content_8805502.htm">Archived</a> April 29, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Xinhua_News_Agency" title="Xinhua News Agency">Xinhua News Agency</a> (October 17, 2009). Retrieved on October 21, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iwsa.world/events/4">IWSA official website</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Crespigny2010" class="citation book cs1">de Crespigny, Rafe (2010). <i>Imperial warlord : a biography of Cao Cao 155–220 AD</i>. Leiden Boston: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-18522-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-18522-7"><bdi>978-90-04-18522-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+warlord+%3A+a+biography+of+Cao+Cao+155%E2%80%93220+AD&rft.place=Leiden+Boston&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-04-18522-7&rft.aulast=de+Crespigny&rft.aufirst=Rafe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIriye1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Akira_Iriye" title="Akira Iriye">Iriye, Akira</a> (1990) [1965]. <i>After Imperialism: The Search for a New Order in the Far East, 1921-1931</i> (Reprinted ed.). Chicago: Imprint Publications. pp. 193–205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1879176003" title="Special:BookSources/978-1879176003"><bdi>978-1879176003</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+Imperialism%3A+The+Search+for+a+New+Order+in+the+Far+East%2C+1921-1931&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=193-205&rft.edition=Reprinted&rft.pub=Imprint+Publications&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-1879176003&rft.aulast=Iriye&rft.aufirst=Akira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJinan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jinan&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jinan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jinan">Jinan</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061004062741/http://jinan.gov.cn/">Jinan Government website</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Jinan#Q170247" class="extiw" title="voy:Jinan">Jinan</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Chi-nan Fu"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Chi-nan_Fu">"Chi-nan Fu" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). 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topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shandong_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jinan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Shandong" title="Category:Shandong">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong#History" title="Shandong">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Shandong" title="Politics of Shandong">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong#Economy" title="Shandong">Economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Shandong" title="Category:Geography of Shandong">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_craton" class="mw-redirect" title="North China craton">North China craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tai" title="Mount Tai">Mount Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hai_He" class="mw-redirect" title="Hai He">Hai He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Canal of China">Grand Canal of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weishan_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Weishan Lake">Weishan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou_Bay" title="Laizhou Bay">Laizhou Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Shandong" title="List of universities and colleges in Shandong">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University" title="Shandong University">Shandong University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_University_of_China" title="Ocean University of China">Ocean University of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_University_of_Petroleum" title="China University of Petroleum">China University of Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Normal_University" title="Shandong Normal University">Shandong Normal University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong#Culture" title="Shandong">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_opera" title="Lü opera">Lü opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Lu_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ji Lu Mandarin">Ji Lu Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan Mandarin">Zhongyuan Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiao_Liao_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiao Liao Mandarin">Jiao Liao Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_dialect" title="Qingdao dialect">Qingdao dialect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braised_Chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Braised Chicken">Braised Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haw_flakes" title="Haw flakes">Haw flakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moo_shu_pork" title="Moo shu pork">Moo shu pork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha_tang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sha tang">Sha tang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visitor attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sites_in_Jinan" title="List of sites in Jinan">List of sites in Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotu_Spring" title="Baotu Spring">Baotu Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daming_Lake" title="Daming Lake">Daming Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Buddha_Mountain" title="Thousand Buddha Mountain">Thousand Buddha Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyan_Temple_(Jinan)" title="Lingyan Temple (Jinan)">Lingyan Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizhi_Pagoda" title="Pizhi Pagoda">Pizhi Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_Qi" title="Great Wall of Qi">Great Wall of Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai City">Penglai City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao beach resort city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Confucius,_Qufu" title="Temple of Confucius, Qufu">Temple and Cemetery of Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shou_Qiu" title="Shou Qiu">Shou Qiu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Shandong" title="Category:Shandong">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shandong" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shandong">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="County-level_divisions_of_Shandong_Province" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shandong" title="Template:Shandong"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shandong" title="Template talk:Shandong"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shandong" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shandong"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="County-level_divisions_of_Shandong_Province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_divisions_of_Shandong" title="List of administrative divisions of Shandong">County-level divisions</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jinan</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China">Sub-provincial cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jinan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shizhong_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Shizhong District, Jinan">Shizhong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianqiao District">Tianqiao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lixia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lixia District">Lixia District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licheng_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Licheng District, Jinan">Licheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaiyin_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaiyin District, Jinan">Huaiyin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changqing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changqing District">Changqing District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District">Zhangqiu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiyang_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiyang District, Jinan">Jiyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangcheng District">Gangcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiwu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laiwu District">Laiwu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyin_County" title="Pingyin County">Pingyin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghe_County" title="Shanghe County">Shanghe County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinan District">Shinan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibei_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shibei District">Shibei District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Licang District">Licang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laoshan District">Laoshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chengyang District">Chengyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangdao,_Qingdao" title="Huangdao, Qingdao">Huangdao District</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Huangdao,_Qingdao" title="Huangdao, Qingdao">West Coast New Area</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo District">Jimo District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_City" title="Jiaozhou City">Jiaozhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdu" title="Pingdu">Pingdu</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laixi" title="Laixi">Laixi</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhangdian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangdian District">Zhangdian District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Linzi District">Linzi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zichuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zichuan District">Zichuan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Boshan District">Boshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoucun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhoucun District">Zhoucun District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huantai_County" title="Huantai County">Huantai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoqing_County" title="Gaoqing County">Gaoqing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyuan_County" title="Yiyuan County">Yiyuan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shizhong_District,_Zaozhuang" class="mw-redirect" title="Shizhong District, Zaozhuang">Shizhong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanting_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanting District">Shanting District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yicheng_District,_Zaozhuang" class="mw-redirect" title="Yicheng District, Zaozhuang">Yicheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27erzhuang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai'erzhuang District">Tai'erzhuang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuecheng_District" title="Xuecheng District">Xuecheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengzhou" title="Tengzhou">Tengzhou</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongying_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongying District">Dongying District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hekou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hekou District">Hekou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenli_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenli District">Kenli District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangrao_County" title="Guangrao County">Guangrao County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijin_County" title="Lijin County">Lijin County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhifu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhifu District">Zhifu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Muping District">Muping District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fushan District">Fushan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laishan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laishan District">Laishan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai District">Penglai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longkou" title="Longkou">Longkou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiyang" title="Haiyang">Haiyang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyang" title="Laiyang">Laiyang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou" title="Laizhou">Laizhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoyuan,_Shandong" title="Zhaoyuan, Shandong">Zhaoyuan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia,_Shandong" title="Qixia, Shandong">Qixia</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weicheng_District,_Weifang" class="mw-redirect" title="Weicheng District, Weifang">Weicheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanting_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanting District">Hanting District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangzi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fangzi District">Fangzi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiwen_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuiwen District">Kuiwen District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqiu" title="Anqiu">Anqiu</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changyi,_Shandong" title="Changyi, Shandong">Changyi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaomi" title="Gaomi">Gaomi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhucheng" title="Zhucheng">Zhucheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shouguang" title="Shouguang">Shouguang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linqu_County" title="Linqu County">Linqu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changle_County" title="Changle County">Changle County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shizhong_District,_Jining" class="mw-redirect" title="Shizhong District, Jining">Shizhong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rencheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Rencheng District">Rencheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanzhou District">Yanzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoucheng" title="Zoucheng">Zoucheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weishan_County,_Shandong" title="Weishan County, Shandong">Weishan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutai_County" title="Yutai County">Yutai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinxiang_County" title="Jinxiang County">Jinxiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxiang_County" title="Jiaxiang County">Jiaxiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshang_County" title="Wenshang County">Wenshang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sishui_County" title="Sishui County">Sishui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangshan_County" title="Liangshan County">Liangshan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taishan_District,_Tai%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Taishan District, Tai'an">Taishan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daiyue_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Daiyue District">Daiyue District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xintai" title="Xintai">Xintai</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feicheng" title="Feicheng">Feicheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningyang_County" title="Ningyang County">Ningyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongping_County" title="Dongping County">Dongping County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huancui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huancui District">Huancui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendeng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wendeng District">Wendeng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushan,_Shandong" title="Rushan, Shandong">Rushan</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donggang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Donggang District">Donggang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanshan_District,_Rizhao" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanshan District, Rizhao">Lanshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulian_County" title="Wulian County">Wulian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ju_County" title="Ju County">Ju County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanshan_District,_Linyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanshan District, Linyi">Lanshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luozhuang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luozhuang District">Luozhuang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedong_District,_Linyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hedong District, Linyi">Hedong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tancheng_County" title="Tancheng County">Tancheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanling_County" title="Lanling County">Lanling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junan_County" title="Junan County">Junan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yishui_County" title="Yishui County">Yishui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengyin_County" title="Mengyin County">Mengyin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyi_County" title="Pingyi County">Pingyi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fei_County" title="Fei County">Fei County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinan_County" title="Yinan County">Yinan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linshu_County" title="Linshu County">Linshu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Decheng District">Decheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingcheng District">Lingcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoling" title="Laoling">Laoling</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucheng,_Shandong" title="Yucheng, Shandong">Yucheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyuan_County,_Shandong" title="Pingyuan County, Shandong">Pingyuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiajin_County" title="Xiajin County">Xiajin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wucheng_County" title="Wucheng County">Wucheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qihe_County" title="Qihe County">Qihe County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi_County,_Dezhou" title="Linyi County, Dezhou">Linyi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningjin_County,_Shandong" title="Ningjin County, Shandong">Ningjin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyun_County" title="Qingyun County">Qingyun County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongchangfu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongchangfu District">Dongchangfu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiping District">Chiping District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linqing" title="Linqing">Linqing</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanggu_County,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanggu County, Shandong">Yanggu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_County" title="Shen County">Shen County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong%27e_County" title="Dong'e County">Dong'e County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_County,_Shandong" title="Guan County, Shandong">Guan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaotang_County" title="Gaotang County">Gaotang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bincheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bincheng District">Bincheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanhua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhanhua District">Zhanhua District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zouping" title="Zouping">Zouping</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_County" title="Boxing County">Boxing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huimin_County" title="Huimin County">Huimin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangxin_County,_Shandong" title="Yangxin County, Shandong">Yangxin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudi_County" title="Wudi County">Wudi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mudan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudan District">Mudan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingtao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dingtao District">Dingtao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_County" title="Cao County">Cao County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengwu_County" title="Chengwu County">Chengwu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_County" title="Shan County">Shan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juye_County" title="Juye County">Juye County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng_County" title="Yuncheng County">Yuncheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juancheng_County" title="Juancheng County">Juancheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongming_County" title="Dongming County">Dongming County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metropolitan_cities_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template talk:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metropolitan_cities_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" title="List of cities in China by population">Metropolitan cities of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_metropolitan_regions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">Major metropolitan regions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jing-Jin-Ji" title="Jing-Jin-Ji">Jing-Jin-Ji (BJ-TJ-HE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_Greater_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area">Greater Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta (SH-JS-ZJ)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongyuan_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongyuan Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Zhongyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chengyu_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chengyu Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Chengyu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross-Strait_Western_Coastal_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross-Strait Western Coastal Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Cross-Strait Western Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guanzhong_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanzhong Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Guanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid-Southern_Liaoning_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid-Southern Liaoning Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Mid-Southern Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_Peninsula_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shandong Peninsula Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Shandong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangtze_River_Midstream_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangtze River Midstream Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Yangtze River Midstream (Yangtze River Valley)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major cities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">National Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a><sup>a2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a><sup>a2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">Regional Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jinan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial capitals<br />(<a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taibei</a></i><sup>5</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous regional capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparatively large cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prefecture-level_cities_by_province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shijiazhuang*</li> <li>Tangshan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li>Handan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Taiyuan*</li> <li>Datong*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hohhot*</li> <li>Baotou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shenyang*</li> <li>Dalian*</li> <li>Anshan*</li> <li>Fushun*</li> <li>Benxi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changchun*</li> <li>Jilin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Harbin*</li> <li>Qiqihar*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yīchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanjing*</li> <li>Wuxi*</li> <li>Xuzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>Suzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Tàizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hangzhou*</li> <li>Ningbo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Tāizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hefei*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li>Huainan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Sùzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fuzhou*</li> <li>Xiamen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanchang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yíchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fǔzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jinan*</li> <li>Qingdao*</li> <li>Zibo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiwu" title="Laiwu">Laiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Zhengzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li>Luoyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuhan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changsha*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guangzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li>Shenzhen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanning*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yùlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Haikou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chengdu*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guiyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kunming*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lhasa*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xi'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yúlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lanzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yinchuan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ürümqi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_cities_(partly_shown_below)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Other cities</a> (partly shown below)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" title="Prefectures of China">Prefecture-level capitals</a><br />(County-level)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ulanhot" title="Ulanhot">Ulanhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilinhot" title="Xilinhot">Xilinhot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiagedaqi_District" title="Jiagedaqi District">Jiagedaqi</a><sup>3</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_City" title="Enshi City">Enshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jishou" title="Jishou">Jishou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>：<a href="/wiki/Xichang" title="Xichang">Xichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangding" title="Kangding">Kangding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkam" title="Barkam">Barkam</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xingyi,_Guizhou" title="Xingyi, Guizhou">Xingyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_City" title="Kaili City">Kaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duyun" title="Duyun">Duyun</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_City" title="Chuxiong City">Chuxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzi_City" title="Mengzi City">Mengzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_City" title="Wenshan City">Wenshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinghong" title="Jinghong">Jinghong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_City" title="Dali City">Dali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangshi" title="Mangshi">Mangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangri-La,_Yunnan" title="Shangri-La, Yunnan">Shangri-La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushui" title="Lushui">Lushui</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>: <a href="/wiki/Linxia_City" title="Linxia City">Linxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezuo" title="Hezuo">Hezuo</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yushu_City,_Qinghai" title="Yushu City, Qinghai">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delingha" title="Delingha">Delingha</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>: <a href="/wiki/Changji" title="Changji">Changji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bole,_Xinjiang" title="Bole, Xinjiang">Bole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korla" title="Korla">Korla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yining" title="Yining">Yining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artush" title="Artush">Artush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_City" title="Aksu City">Aksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan" title="Hotan">Hotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng" title="Tacheng">Tacheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_City" title="Altay City">Altay</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Province-governed cities<br />(Sub-prefecture-level)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao">Xiantao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei">Qiánjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen">Tianmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia">Shennongjia</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City">Wuzhishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai">Qionghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang">Wenchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning">Wanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan">Dongfang</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> - <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps" title="Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps">XPCC(Bingtuan) cities</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi">Shihezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang">Aral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk">Tumxuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu">Wujiaqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitun_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitun City">Beitun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City">Tiemenguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe">Shuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala">Kokdala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang">Kunyu</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" title="Prefectures of China">Former Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a>，<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongchuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongchuan District">Dongchuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shashi District">Shashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling District">Fuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanzhou District">Wanxian</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub-prefecture-level cities</a><br />(Prefecture-governed)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qian%27an,_Hebei" title="Qian'an, Hebei">Qian'an, Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzhouli" title="Manzhouli">Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erenhot" title="Erenhot">Erenhot, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golmud" title="Golmud">Golmud, Qinghai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="County-level_cities_by_province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinji" title="Xinji">Xinji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou,_Hebei" title="Jinzhou, Hebei">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinle,_Hebei" title="Xinle, Hebei">Xinle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunhua" title="Zunhua">Zunhua</a></li> <li>Qian'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu%27an" title="Wu'an">Wu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangong" title="Nangong">Nangong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahe,_Hebei" title="Shahe, Hebei">Shahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuozhou" title="Zhuozhou">Zhuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingzhou" title="Dingzhou">Dingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguo" title="Anguo">Anguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaobeidian" title="Gaobeidian">Gaobeidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botou" title="Botou">Botou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renqiu" title="Renqiu">Renqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanghua" title="Huanghua">Huanghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejian" title="Hejian">Hejian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhou,_Hebei" title="Bazhou, Hebei">Bazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhe,_Hebei" title="Sanhe, Hebei">Sanhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_City" title="Shenzhou City">Shenzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujiao" title="Gujiao">Gujiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucheng_District,_Changzhi" title="Lucheng District, Changzhi">Lucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoping" title="Gaoping">Gaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiexiu" title="Jiexiu">Jiexiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongji,_Shanxi" title="Yongji, Shanxi">Yongji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejin" title="Hejin">Hejin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanping" title="Yuanping">Yuanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma,_Shanxi" title="Houma, Shanxi">Houma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huozhou" title="Huozhou">Huozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoyi" title="Xiaoyi">Xiaoyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenyang" title="Fenyang">Fenyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holingol" title="Holingol">Holingol</a></li> <li>Manzhouli*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakeshi" title="Yakeshi">Yakeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalantun" title="Zalantun">Zhalantun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergun_City" title="Ergun City">Ergun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genhe" title="Genhe">Genhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengzhen" title="Fengzhen">Fengzhen</a></li> <li>Ulanhot*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arxan" title="Arxan">Arxan</a></li> <li>Erenhot*</li> <li>Xilinhot*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning">Xinmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafangdian" title="Wafangdian">Wafangdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuanghe" title="Zhuanghe">Zhuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haicheng,_Liaoning" title="Haicheng, Liaoning">Haicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donggang,_Liaoning" title="Donggang, Liaoning">Donggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Liaoning" title="Fengcheng, Liaoning">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linghai" title="Linghai">Linghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beizhen" title="Beizhen">Beizhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaizhou" title="Gaizhou">Gaizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashiqiao" title="Dashiqiao">Dashiqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengta" title="Dengta">Dengta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaobingshan" title="Diaobingshan">Diaobingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Liaoning" title="Kaiyuan, Liaoning">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beipiao" title="Beipiao">Beipiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyuan" title="Lingyuan">Lingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingcheng" title="Xingcheng">Xingcheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yushu,_Jilin" title="Yushu, Jilin">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehui" title="Dehui">Dehui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaohe,_Jilin" title="Jiaohe, Jilin">Jiaohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huadian,_Jilin" title="Huadian, Jilin">Huadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulan" title="Shulan">Shulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panshi" title="Panshi">Panshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangliao" title="Shuangliao">Shuangliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an,_Jilin" title="Ji'an, Jilin">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linjiang" title="Linjiang">Linjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu,_Jilin" title="Fuyu, Jilin">Fuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taonan" title="Taonan">Taonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%27an,_Jilin" title="Da'an, Jilin">Da'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanji" title="Yanji">Yanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumen,_Jilin" title="Tumen, Jilin">Tumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhua" title="Dunhua">Dunhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunchun" title="Hunchun">Hunchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjing,_Jilin" title="Longjing, Jilin">Longjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helong" title="Helong">Helong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangzhi" title="Shangzhi">Shangzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuchang District">Wuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehe" title="Nehe">Nehe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulin" title="Hulin">Hulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishan" title="Mishan">Mishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieli" title="Tieli">Tieli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongjiang,_Heilongjiang" title="Tongjiang, Heilongjiang">Tongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujin_City" title="Fujin City">Fujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyuan,_Heilongjiang" title="Fuyuan, Heilongjiang">Fuyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suifenhe" title="Suifenhe">Suifenhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailin" title="Hailin">Hailin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ning%27an" title="Ning'an">Ning'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muling" title="Muling">Muling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongning,_Heilongjiang" title="Dongning, Heilongjiang">Dongning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bei%27an" title="Bei'an">Bei'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudalianchi" title="Wudalianchi">Wudalianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anda,_Heilongjiang" title="Anda, Heilongjiang">Anda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaodong" title="Zhaodong">Zhaodong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailun" title="Hailun">Hailun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyin" title="Jiangyin">Jiangyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yixing" title="Yixing">Yixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Jiangsu" title="Xinyi, Jiangsu">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizhou" title="Pizhou">Pizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liyang" title="Liyang">Liyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiagang" title="Zhangjiagang">Zhangjiagang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunshan" title="Kunshan">Kunshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taicang" title="Taicang">Taicang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidong,_Jiangsu" title="Qidong, Jiangsu">Qidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugao" title="Rugao">Rugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Haimen">Haimen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongtai" title="Dongtai">Dongtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizheng" title="Yizheng">Yizheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoyou" title="Gaoyou">Gaoyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danyang,_Jiangsu" title="Danyang, Jiangsu">Danyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhong" title="Yangzhong">Yangzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurong,_Jiangsu" title="Jurong, Jiangsu">Jurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingjiang" title="Jingjiang">Jingjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taixing" title="Taixing">Taixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinghua,_Jiangsu" title="Xinghua, Jiangsu">Xinghua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiande" title="Jiande">Jiande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lin'an District">Lin'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuyao" title="Yuyao">Yuyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixi,_Zhejiang" title="Cixi, Zhejiang">Cixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenghua District">Fenghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui%27an" title="Rui'an">Rui'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueqing" title="Yueqing">Yueqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haining" title="Haining">Haining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghu" title="Pinghu">Pinghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongxiang" title="Tongxiang">Tongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuji" title="Zhuji">Zhuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengzhou" title="Shengzhou">Shengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanxi,_Zhejiang" title="Lanxi, Zhejiang">Lanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiwu" title="Yiwu">Yiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongyang" title="Dongyang">Dongyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongkang,_Zhejiang" title="Yongkang, Zhejiang">Yongkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangshan" title="Jiangshan">Jiangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenling" title="Wenling">Wenling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linhai" title="Linhai">Linhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longquan" title="Longquan">Longquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieshou" title="Jieshou">Jieshou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongcheng,_Anhui" title="Tongcheng, Anhui">Tongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianchang" title="Tianchang">Tianchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingguang" title="Mingguang">Mingguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningguo" title="Ningguo">Ningguo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuqing" title="Fuqing">Fuqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changle_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changle District">Changle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong%27an" title="Yong'an">Yong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishi,_Fujian" title="Shishi, Fujian">Shishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinjiang,_Fujian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinjiang, Fujian">Jinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan%27an,_Fujian" title="Nan'an, Fujian">Nan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhai City">Longhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaowu" title="Shaowu">Shaowu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyishan,_Fujian" title="Wuyishan, Fujian">Wuyishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian%27ou" title="Jian'ou">Jian'ou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangping" title="Zhangping">Zhangping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu%27an" title="Fu'an">Fu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuding" title="Fuding">Fuding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leping" title="Leping">Leping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruichang" title="Ruichang">Ruichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongqingcheng" title="Gongqingcheng">Gongqingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushan_City" title="Lushan City">Lushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guixi" title="Guixi">Guixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruijin" title="Ruijin">Ruijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggangshan_City" title="Jinggangshan City">Jinggangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Jiangxi" title="Fengcheng, Jiangxi">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangshu" title="Zhangshu">Zhangshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao%27an" title="Gao'an">Gao'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexing,_Jiangxi" title="Dexing, Jiangxi">Dexing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District">Zhangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_City" title="Jiaozhou City">Jiaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo District">Jimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdu" title="Pingdu">Pingdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laixi" title="Laixi">Laixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengzhou" title="Tengzhou">Tengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longkou" title="Longkou">Longkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyang" title="Laiyang">Laiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou" title="Laizhou">Laizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai, Shandong">Penglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoyuan,_Shandong" title="Zhaoyuan, Shandong">Zhaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia,_Shandong" title="Qixia, Shandong">Qixia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiyang" title="Haiyang">Haiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhucheng" title="Zhucheng">Zhucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shouguang" title="Shouguang">Shouguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqiu" title="Anqiu">Anqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaomi" title="Gaomi">Gaomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changyi,_Shandong" title="Changyi, Shandong">Changyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoucheng" title="Zoucheng">Zoucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xintai" title="Xintai">Xintai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feicheng" title="Feicheng">Feicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushan,_Shandong" title="Rushan, Shandong">Rushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoling" title="Laoling">Laoling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucheng,_Shandong" title="Yucheng, Shandong">Yucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linqing" title="Linqing">Linqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gongyi" title="Gongyi">Gongyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingyang" title="Xingyang">Xingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinmi" title="Xinmi">Xinmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzheng" title="Xinzheng">Xinzheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi">Yanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Henan" title="Wugang, Henan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzhou" title="Ruzhou">Ruzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzhou,_Henan" title="Linzhou, Henan">Linzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihui" title="Weihui">Weihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huixian" title="Huixian">Huixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinyang" title="Qinyang">Qinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzhou" title="Mengzhou">Mengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou,_Henan" title="Yuzhou, Henan">Yuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changge" title="Changge">Changge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yima,_Henan" title="Yima, Henan">Yima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingbao_City" title="Lingbao City">Lingbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengzhou" title="Dengzhou">Dengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng">Yongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_City" title="Xiangcheng City">Xiangcheng</a></li> <li>Jiyuan*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daye" title="Daye">Daye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danjiangkou" title="Danjiangkou">Danjiangkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidu" title="Yidu">Yidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangyang" title="Dangyang">Dangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhijiang,_Hubei" title="Zhijiang, Hubei">Zhijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laohekou" title="Laohekou">Laohekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaoyang" title="Zaoyang">Zaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yicheng,_Hubei" title="Yicheng, Hubei">Yicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongxiang" title="Zhongxiang">Zhongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingcheng" title="Yingcheng">Yingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anlu" title="Anlu">Anlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanchuan" title="Hanchuan">Hanchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishou" title="Shishou">Shishou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghu" title="Honghu">Honghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songzi" title="Songzi">Songzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macheng" title="Macheng">Macheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxue" title="Wuxue">Wuxue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibi,_Hubei" title="Chibi, Hubei">Chibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangshui" title="Guangshui">Guangshui</a></li> <li>Enshi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichuan,_Hubei" title="Lichuan, Hubei">Lichuan</a></li> <li>Xiantao*</li> <li>Qianjiang*</li> <li>Tianmen*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang">Liuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liling" title="Liling">Liling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxiang" title="Xiangxiang">Xiangxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoshan" title="Shaoshan">Shaoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiyang" title="Leiyang">Leiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changning,_Hunan" title="Changning, Hunan">Changning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Hunan" title="Wugang, Hunan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miluo_City" title="Miluo City">Miluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxiang,_Hunan" title="Linxiang, Hunan">Linxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshi_City" title="Jinshi City">Jinshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanjiang" title="Yuanjiang">Yuanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zixing" title="Zixing">Zixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongjiang" title="Hongjiang">Hongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengshuijiang" title="Lengshuijiang">Lengshuijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyuan" title="Lianyuan">Lianyuan</a></li> <li>Jishou*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lechang" title="Lechang">Lechang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanxiong" title="Nanxiong">Nanxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiping" title="Kaiping">Kaiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangdong" title="Heshan, Guangdong">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enping" title="Enping">Enping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianjiang,_Guangdong" title="Lianjiang, Guangdong">Lianjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou" title="Leizhou">Leizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchuan,_Guangdong" title="Wuchuan, Guangdong">Wuchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaozhou" title="Gaozhou">Gaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhou,_Guangdong" title="Huazhou, Guangdong">Huazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Guangdong" title="Xinyi, Guangdong">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihui" title="Sihui">Sihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingning,_Guangdong" title="Xingning, Guangdong">Xingning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufeng,_Guangdong" title="Lufeng, Guangdong">Lufeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangchun" title="Yangchun">Yangchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingde" title="Yingde">Yingde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianzhou" title="Lianzhou">Lianzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puning" title="Puning">Puning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoding" title="Luoding">Luoding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cenxi" title="Cenxi">Cenxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongxing,_Guangxi" title="Dongxing, Guangxi">Dongxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiping" title="Guiping">Guiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiliu" title="Beiliu">Beiliu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingxi,_Guangxi" title="Jingxi, Guangxi">Jingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Prefecture_(Guangxi)" title="Yi Prefecture (Guangxi)">Yizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangxi" title="Heshan, Guangxi">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang,_Guangxi" title="Pingxiang, Guangxi">Pingxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuzhishan*</li> <li>Qionghai*</li> <li>Wenchang*</li> <li>Wanning*</li> <li>Dongfang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_City" title="Dujiangyan City">Dujiangyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengzhou" title="Pengzhou">Pengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionglai_City" title="Qionglai City">Qionglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzhou" title="Chongzhou">Chongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianyang,_Sichuan" title="Jianyang, Sichuan">Jianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanghan" title="Guanghan">Guanghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifang" title="Shifang">Shifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianzhu" title="Mianzhu">Mianzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyou" title="Jiangyou">Jiangyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeishan_City" title="Emeishan City">Emeishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langzhong" title="Langzhong">Langzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaying" title="Huaying">Huaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanyuan" title="Wanyuan">Wanyuan</a></li> <li>Barkam*</li> <li>Kangding*</li> <li>Xichang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhen" title="Qingzhen">Qingzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chishui_City" title="Chishui City">Chishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renhuai" title="Renhuai">Renhuai</a></li> <li>Xingyi*</li> <li>Kaili*</li> <li>Duyun*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuquan,_Guizhou" title="Fuquan, Guizhou">Fuquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anning,_Yunnan" title="Anning, Yunnan">Anning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwei" title="Xuanwei">Xuanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengchong" title="Tengchong">Tengchong</a></li> <li>Chuxiong*</li> <li>Mengzi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gejiu" title="Gejiu">Gejiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Yunnan" title="Kaiyuan, Yunnan">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_City" title="Mile City">Mile</a></li> <li>Wenshan*</li> <li>Jinghong*</li> <li>Dali*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruili" title="Ruili">Ruili</a></li> <li>Mangshi*</li> <li>Lushui*</li> <li>Shangri-La*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(none)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xingping" title="Xingping">Xingping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancheng" title="Hancheng">Hancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayin" title="Huayin">Huayin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a></li> <li>Linxia*</li> <li>Hezuo*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yushu*</li> <li>Golmud*</li> <li>Delingha*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingwu" title="Lingwu">Lingwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingtongxia" title="Qingtongxia">Qingtongxia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changji*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukang" title="Fukang">Fukang</a></li> <li>Bole*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alashankou" title="Alashankou">Alashankou</a></li> <li>Korla*</li> <li>Aksu*</li> <li>Artush*</li> <li>Kashgar*</li> <li>Hotan*</li> <li>Yining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuytun" title="Kuytun">Kuytun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorgas">Korgas</a></li> <li>Tacheng*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusu" title="Wusu">Wusu</a></li> <li>Altay*</li> <li>Shihezi*</li> <li>Aral*</li> <li>Tumxuk*</li> <li>Wujiaqu*</li> <li>Beitun*</li> <li>Tiemenguan*</li> <li>Shuanghe*</li> <li>Kokdala*</li> <li>Kunyu*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Notes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">Notes</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">* Indicates this city has already occurred above.<br /> <p><sup>a</sup><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a>. <sup>b</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals</a>. <sup>c</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Separate state-planning cities</a>. <sup>1</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special economic-zone cities</a>. <sup>2</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Open coastal cities</a>.<br /> <sup>3</sup>Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Disputed by <a href="/wiki/Oroqen_Autonomous_Banner" title="Oroqen Autonomous Banner">Oroqen Autonomous Banner</a>, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it.<br /> <sup>4</sup>Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China.<br /> <sup>5</sup>The claimed province of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a> no longer have any internal division announced by Ministry of Civil Affairs of PRC, due to lack of actual jurisdiction. See <a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan</a> instead.<br /> </p> All provincial capitals are listed first in prefecture-level cities by province.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_China_by_jurisdiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_China" title="Template:Provincial capitals of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provincial_capitals_of_China" title="Template talk:Provincial capitals of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial capitals of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_China_by_jurisdiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_in_China" title="List of capitals in China">Capitals of China by jurisdiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <p><b>National:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">PRC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a></li></ul> <p><b>Provinces:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">AH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">FJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a> (PRC) / <span style="color:black;background:lightpink"><a href="/wiki/Jincheng,_Kinmen" title="Jincheng, Kinmen">Jincheng</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fuchien_Province,_Republic_of_China" title="Fuchien Province, Republic of China">ROC</a>¹)</span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">GD</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">GS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">GZ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">HA</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">HB</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">HE</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">HI</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">HL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">HN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">JL</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">JS</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">JX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">LN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">QH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">SC</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">SD</a></b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jinan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">SN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">SX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><span style="color:black;background:lightpink"><b><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">TW</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taipei</a> (PRC)¹ / <a href="/wiki/Zhongxing_New_Village" title="Zhongxing New Village">Zhongxing NV</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province" title="Taiwan Province">ROC</a>)</span></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">YN</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">ZJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li></ul> <p><b>Autonomous Regions:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">GX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">NM</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">NX</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">XJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">XZ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></li></ul> <p><b>Municipalities:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">BJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Tongzhou_District,_Beijing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongzhou District, Beijing">Tongzhou</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">CQ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Yuzhong_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yuzhong District">Yuzhong</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">SH</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Huangpu_District,_Shanghai" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangpu District, Shanghai">Huangpu</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">TJ</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hexi_District,_Tianjin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexi District, Tianjin">Hexi</a></li></ul> <p><b>SARs:</b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">HK</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">MO</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.4em; line-height:1.3em;"><div>¹ — Taiwan and Fujian are administered as a streamlined provinces by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a>, but those are claimed by the PRC.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" title="Prefecture-level divisions of China">Prefecture-level divisions of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Notes: *<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_current_and_former_capitals_of_the_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the current and former capitals of the subdivisions of China">Provincial capitals</a></b>, ★<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_municipalities" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a>, ☆<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_autonomous_prefecture" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture</a> <i>*<a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub prefectural-level divisions</a></i>, ✧"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparatively_larger_city&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comparatively larger city (page does not exist)">Comparatively larger city</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%82" class="extiw" title="zh:较大的市">zh</a>]</span>" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">较大的市</span></span>) as approved by the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei"><b>Hefei</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou"><b>Fuzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou"><b>Lanzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxia_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Linxia (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gannan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Gannan (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou"><b>Guangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang"><b>Guiyang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianxinan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiannan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiandongnan_Miao_and_Dong_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture">Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou"><b>Haikou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City"><i>Wuzhishan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai"><i>Qionghai</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang"><i>Wenchang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning"><i>Wanning</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan"><i>Dongfang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ding%27an_County" title="Ding'an County"><i>Ding'an County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tunchang_County" title="Tunchang County"><i>Tunchang County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Chengmai_County" title="Chengmai County"><i>Chengmai County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingao_County" title="Lingao County"><i>Lingao County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baisha_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Baisha Li Autonomous County"><i>Baisha County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Changjiang_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Changjiang Li Autonomous County"><i>Changjiang County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ledong_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Ledong Li Autonomous County"><i>Ledong County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingshui_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Lingshui Li Autonomous County"><i>Lingshui County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baoting_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Baoting County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qiongzhong_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Qiongzhong County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang"><b>Shijiazhuang</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou"><b>Zhengzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan"><i>Jiyuan</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan"><b>Wuhan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingzhou" title="Jingzhou">Jingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Enshi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao"><i>Xiantao</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei"><i>Qianjiang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen"><i>Tianmen</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia"><i>Shennongjia Forestry District</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin"><b>Harbin</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxing%27anling_Prefecture" title="Daxing'anling Prefecture">Daxing'anling Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha"><b>Changsha</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun"><b>Changchun</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanbian_Korean_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture">Yanbian (Korean)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing"><b>Nanjing</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang"><b>Nanchang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang"><b>Shenyang</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining"><b>Xining</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haibei_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haibei (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangnan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Huangnan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Hainan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golog_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushu_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Yushu (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haixi_Mongol_and_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu"><b>Chengdu</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawa_Tibetan_and_Qiang_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture">Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garz%C3%AA_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangshan_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Liangshan (Yi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an"><b>Xi'an</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a class="mw-selflink selflink"><b>Jinan</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan"><b>Taiyuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei"><i><b>Taibei</b></i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Gaoxiong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Taipei" class="mw-redirect" title="New Taipei">Xinbei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taizhong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan,_Taiwan" title="Taoyuan, Taiwan">Taoyuan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming"><b>Kunming</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Chuxiong (Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghe_Hani_and_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Honghe (Hani and Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_Zhuang_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishuangbanna_Dai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture">Xishuangbanna (Dai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_Bai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture">Dali (Bai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehong_Dai_and_Jingpo_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture">Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nujiang_Lisu_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture">Nujiang (Lisu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AAq%C3%AAn_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Dêqên (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou"><b>Hangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous <br />regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning"><b>Nanning</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan"><b>Yinchuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner <br />Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot"><b>Hohhot</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng "Ulankhad"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur "Bayannao'er"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinggan_League" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilingol_League" title="Xilingol League">Xilingol League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alxa_League" title="Alxa League">Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi"><b>Ürümqi</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changji_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Changji (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bortala_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bortala (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayingolin_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bayingolin (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kyrgyz_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)</a></li> <li>( ☆<a href="/wiki/Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture">Ili (Kazakh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng_Prefecture" title="Tacheng Prefecture">Tacheng Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_Prefecture" title="Altay Prefecture">Altay Prefecture</a> )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_Prefecture" title="Aksu Prefecture">Aksu Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan_Prefecture" title="Hotan Prefecture">Hotan Prefecture</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi"><i>Shihezi</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang"><i>Aral</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk"><i>Tumxuk</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu"><i>Wujiaqu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Beitun,_Xinjiang" title="Beitun, Xinjiang"><i>Beitun</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City"><i>Tiemenguan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe"><i>Shuanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala"><i>Kokdala</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang"><i>Kunyu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Huyanghe" title="Huyanghe"><i>Huyanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xinxing,_Xinjiang" title="Xinxing, Xinjiang"><i>Xinxing</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)"><b>Lhasa</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse "Xigazê"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo "Qamdo"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi "Linzhi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagqu" title="Nagqu">Nagqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_prefectures_in_China" title="List of prefectures in China"><i>List of prefectures in China</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China"><i>List of cities in China</i></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Yellow River"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River" title="Template talk:Major cities along the Yellow River"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major cities along the Yellow River"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major cities along the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #ececec; vertical-align: text-top; text-align: center"><b><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_China#Provincial_level_subdivisions" title="Administrative divisions of China">Province-level<br />subdivisions</a></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: #ececec; vertical-align: text-top; text-align: center;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b>Cities</b> (from upper reaches to lower reaches)</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Major cities along the Yellow River"><img alt="Major cities along the Yellow River" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg/420px-Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg.png" decoding="async" width="420" height="198" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg/630px-Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg/840px-Major_cities_along_the_Yellow_River.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="320" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuzhong City">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayan_Nur" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayan Nur">Bayan Nur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a> (boundaries of upper and middle reaches)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>(boundaries of middle and lower reaches)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Pearl_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Pearl River">Major cities along the Pearl River</a> · <a href="/wiki/Template:Major_cities_along_the_Yangtze_River" title="Template:Major cities along the Yangtze River">Major cities along the Yangtze River</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Megacities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Megacities" title="Template:Megacities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Megacities" title="Template talk:Megacities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Megacities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Africa (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Asia (35)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China (14)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India (6)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesia (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japan (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe (Keihanshin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (7)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Europe (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">America (8)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brazil (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/42px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/56px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170247#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170247#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170247#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/146588607">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1312986/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJr3p6Py4yGMDJmbfFjV4q">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4078443-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81042102">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120459588">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120459588">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00634906">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Ťi-nan (Čína)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge769187&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557209705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/b04b78a4-eac2-46b8-8f31-44fe9d1adba7">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/109907914">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044385">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jinan&oldid=1258580487">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jinan&oldid=1258580487</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jinan" title="Category:Jinan">Jinan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_Shandong" title="Category:Cities in Shandong">Cities in 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