CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134a9bbbb60f44c',cH: '8IvM09dC_hUkYo5RfeMQQU7BOUodB11YOqBRDlys3e4-1739783622-1.2.1.1-WO3NLdjIczIZBWIWQqasmgCcrfgU6B0pfMovQYHV0VkGCGveSlYfhjTsn4pmt7OP',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=large%20diameter&__cf_chl_tk=_GQW42.S5tXVNhxQEffnt50hZ6qoqeLisRf7_WsK8D8-1739783622-1.0.1.1-zvod_OnYz1ht5rkamxnGcElB0G3TUUawsWn._QQ2iPk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739783622',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=large%20diameter&__cf_chl_f_tk=_GQW42.S5tXVNhxQEffnt50hZ6qoqeLisRf7_WsK8D8-1739783622-1.0.1.1-zvod_OnYz1ht5rkamxnGcElB0G3TUUawsWn._QQ2iPk",md: "GuHDRyaFI7ypmRSlRwS6bYSDNWWkwN5v13INH6BL5mU-1739783622-1.2.1.1-Xv4WRUm0G8tX5fUVNm.XGUSB7w.8RDOTwd17hMwOGV2mTyI_tdy0LtNe.7OSSS4RooJg1orVInKvavvITlMLs9Rt4ksYErZUs6dj3enc.F5wGkEkZXgHhc1cUzOm8fR2Rab7chmbFg_CcXP9N7KodGpwUahY5K5weZOpBga00a7mKzxt1tMEC8QpivV6NWDePjtPPnx0hW.IHD5jxGsZXTHKtH0ftpIxjEOhegt8wGg3ItehBJWJhYAfRnu1lmQU1s.Dug0EL0YNl2x.y_Ev1E5Zo4n7ZX4PboERpJPsX7Y8nnwvygoRfYi5O.lfhI1qlXGB3rUTC.TGSsj7ZXZHT5Jhmk5sEkx.Z9QeZizDIxa6QRpxymhFS3jtmMIcyWwLyJLsY3yy1e8lgjOhjCduw_OBc1dv4mTUpulrsBdYOEF86xOuVdm1OSZE7YVEF15oxrvAmenwKFfAgiUnnd1HS1WSG56dhwPOD67AGSKzpFbeQ_PZvwI1gPsREhzWklLwqrtmQrTREcAZKWtbGGDg2sSn6EjYgFiV0aOsyKvETERmX39VT9Zj4SHF1pBn6muH85Cisz2lvxtRAIowYT7vInw9pUZuuWQCOO3LJ206Ux6fv2qD6ilKY1qd2pmYesi5Pg.6rAogorhFe37FYRqxlzkg1_zC8gq3PWtD36KYTHnxkVGlU_9hm8AD044oyIevh3hFxf1YYmInTD.sx4xzZzhnqgqo6osym44YCtLyN80yaUOSpSHXrSWqh_27._FWtMzwHSOQuC1OgGZ05qPQvYocGsHBMqCmpyTGJVWRfMpOdIx7465D2bsxffo_SCWM8YnC4QwNSw45fubPAjB2DVb3s7HgUBSlTPPB2bhrLI7LkxWx1gQ87crdsJzVhmnPEd_uI3btt6L5shamyyumokKuNSlSdVUluTqvDccTIVKNP2.StV1vMc8zAn5jySJg3YedjpZ6PMLzYjTLSWU9.J4WMGo48k_4BP5P1tTZThMOcbUCd9I4zxK7gKZ7yfl8llsDMvIfGOLULDeqbWMA5gC.SGJmLfnmzkK7NQyjaVQ8aCPdlhKwZmdNLVzvh5K95QeoQlGf_W_6r7cINtoeSLXgqBbFFRLGlfwytgVDzV5vtADj52cylDLbl055vUBUZbJvVlRyFmD7jnFhHUBv8_s05l19zt78XHvbf2I9RRfhIgdjpWdBDqU6bxsTt0Mdw04KhHQK.RxYxPKTxe3uOQ1Ar_EJAnYZ3dEo5TsHrQnG0E2JCpR2jpKm7JBik5lRlhpud0s1a9gnQ4IAC9K3y3RRMFCa2h_6hgiNbxZHwfxqtkgRks2LYgl7vwEOdlmtr5_XoEKWlOqDJp5JVO9dbsqbP4iWkbbNwamyXsTLWJK9iWIvIHUP.aL21_1mgwtLrNrQxZ2FYyoqMrJwC5V3UeT1sfVk87ebhwBLE15EfC2RSQsk.f1QOenzKCPwWjQpxnAQHmC7AjqsMm8tbOtN8RFg3xHmvuuJg8bZx_num0SDf2xPrNEsnmUMdWo3lEd5LdmahQrBy_QFNX7TBRqDpFBvXiAiO_Pcy_0kcTbDfB8_yBkETcTyeI.5GaOPaR6uVll6sJ024XbA7pB0lr.5c5B1YfTZO1f5yD5pxHB_KX0W.O925YU1WxuaKudkYMUQxLZ4fJ9M8b5rN9iqm8L6AJXn7G3fPYCI_QBpzAkZ6.tKIaik1.SMdijZQ9x2WI8Lg6szNb_YQQR5C_J0wiCXHtj.SwLKCnFifa_ewVRrJuArehbK.2Yu1k7zn0o4_jIElUx5vMmBdsFkKIoNjZgELDXzqpVcDg98f4SD_nqpWuiovDm8xiHxgVFT3qirymzFxEFanQKtAaXvqGd16aiX2xXD2TJg2TypycL5AlJTCfLk89Emtomkb36edKtf1SuHAnNZAYoYPUCwifAhQ_7UNueglK06D9QQnWeIbKsi90U",mdrd: "vFQqIc.34p5.f7d12GTjPrB7N6oTyp2Y0MBABusy.RY-1739783622-1.2.1.1-2D2fxOWd_Ldon_rLTBFe1JvLE8iwmiEfL1rfYXb3AzYvF_F8JWteokOgurgaPJBVfMbs0OMhc71EVCwDi9mCmYS94TjGeYnKwUV_f.jINu64YrZ47yybNnm9wTlTbjZJ0xJoc_nRwVuLTt7Dv6gx683uhvpgVJoChT_QUK2D.QQrTSIbw1TGQvPJNTdSH.kVxWSdIFmCfJaV2NNfwfTGWifrLODsknfojXYE7sGtMq_G3Z2pGveJb9IDBYw7aXB_gLoclYCk2gRSMp6M31b_OsIpKKkCnXIctHfHisvIEemB5xgT259zewKTtnQPHKyz4cDzQ9ZZI5VHOA1eyicsMzTjxvbrEF5Z5EscQTJ6PhQ9Prq55mRtHEcb00RQGlwRDKJGk2gptr49dbYTR7OXRZprUeuMH7Yz2TX5v37gsWL5QR7tgrTE7kIY4nBQF_XcSqx6s8DeFWDRQ1uZQymoqn3oUF923MnjncKbvtjs2zZp1aLl4Y25LET3OVdvTYHf8knwE2q4SCWBVir9B7gxSyXrY_TBAwgGgHvwOEaU0RTXQZhxW5jjzqYyy.L31cL6wz3BVV6XpmxVKhC_K502WZagTS4YHFeyi6xM0XCErYHUxCNIy1Y979anTjfapsq1JqGSk1WxL6cJx.f.QUExH1zTXrfXDvZDzDceL5ArmnpiPww93_lXkWWDT6RgyjfAu6A6b4jO3qWffU7QUlMt20kzuuzs8xn6bQTN6a4j0M86Spr8w_R06qdK.zHlP9rAze6GAHig4DYRw5Nl2kRqkayp8ME0Nc7i6H95mALxoGWVdfNdMIY5yGiJKlxAS5tj_yo3Nm9gjsW0qJxDPOYkqXSjS0XD3dFmOsGL.JKXZw.V7Wl5PBdPdPAhKrpLRVkRFPpx5fLqKsHc42JPW2x9_MGF9gOUNtPuEJqCC2dupZ54YYpI3pE20E5xU7W.3C_dVV3QTuUfuB.J7hXzTOndW17YMV7rQ1r7JkXhcehQrAyCZo3A2aY.LQxA78WK1q7DHK9W96_Y5xXwIJCOsN4yLdlNaBeSNeVXkhkOu3qDPm8OXMF1TJCsmfCMZEoxn5kK8exPkBcrHUNZ0q8Dc5XLAxMeic8b2gTeK5.c.epT35owLMTmHOrudzto4FJuAsbX4u8a4NkvCkuRAbSJH7YMvNJD9CjVOEoyNFhx5qcbtWGZ5wRS8TMRx4c2nRlT1RXzJOTOBfkqUiHLjD1SeJNflaJa7ksi.qQvgyIwNNLgQ.3jkdr9Bu346_GcjvxgoV_Y9nyvvGQwJiQvN9GmfMmoY2BMOhUXxh3uz2KXDB0U6_cvLNy37x48.SdgCjhhkwI42G_JFk5sKfmR_hBxMpEubA1BTQY7xMITYiiqMnWAsQnPMfFSwrMKIQT0p97VTqVGTH1p2z._bLwoPcGGkFFqt93TXOf.xVKApKvVaazm67kozEysC0Q8I_CXBnN79RUDD0RvNDHerQUV4wXDj8Tk6WHyJRFBDOhUQHxVSMurFX3Uu0jdQN072A73scs38yVTKzpXO4rqdKvplWCmRHy4_h8RXV7mrati6LCw_J_GlI4i6zZufkSQKJoOQlHeZqF2j_oxRv.i3GiFiSkssBOhlnmRDIlcH45fMYP21KmHExAHM6FGPVe7LpIm_NfIkvL3zk9CkKW8TjPBUp7lUU2bNrj0QyWHtlkmll_v4oGKwajUMPWC9XAeD0mBy_0YTY8YtUQxiH5yOedD9M6irV4U7sVSig_aWmiSJhAh6z2LswQ.E.mu3ppIkr8X1Q3206A7lKEaPjWM8ik8qOM4AE05YaP2gVq91z895ImtY4zbZiR_gwBjFI6pevPCzwk4HnYx8XlyDEo6hdhkPlz_GD6KC40.ycrrH6oy9NqGufmZtrasXAxAa4xehQfM_TlClZRFuQcSlyl6V1FdwABi2GRi7aJXQMet6gVXqU_8pndQIHaKzF3BpbEM1W84zPdBhgRD8Ur0Jpuj6LmLUfb8pU3qPA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134a9bbbb60f44c';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=large%20diameter&__cf_chl_rt_tk=_GQW42.S5tXVNhxQEffnt50hZ6qoqeLisRf7_WsK8D8-1739783622-1.0.1.1-zvod_OnYz1ht5rkamxnGcElB0G3TUUawsWn._QQ2iPk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>