CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91341343e933832a',cH: 'uF.4myK.OhpgJ9F1aelFoCh0Yee.i5iVFugXpExyTOc-1739777459-1.2.1.1-iIwy069xGih6s8hbTJ3baEUk1hMD3ek.4.R0i7YHzj8KUpKoNrdm3eHGQmss0.a9',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=finite%20difference%20method&__cf_chl_tk=9n73OcgjMCbotaA97JgE.6daKm9SJNxKZBfLe3kvoO4-1739777459-1.0.1.1-iPz_n0jfgfkS1RUSEvVD5cp1ku_sIfNKtUY5QQ3JhgI",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777459',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=finite%20difference%20method&__cf_chl_f_tk=9n73OcgjMCbotaA97JgE.6daKm9SJNxKZBfLe3kvoO4-1739777459-1.0.1.1-iPz_n0jfgfkS1RUSEvVD5cp1ku_sIfNKtUY5QQ3JhgI",md: "6aYECZu4Esbda3A0wm82YyM2ZtyHZ7129pxpZrFBWyo-1739777459-1.2.1.1-Hfe1bS.jd4t2.NFX40cv36UIFWsD0YxFo0rJc2amd.HcFPNOSXPgihWNr7NK3Xl_rjDs5ODpfcmLiRX8gBpRfvvwqCPbeSUFKb7VvNdD1MopOBSbm9qrq4q6ErVaSrnnArGefsKTLlfS1koQQn8WEIozcgqtJki_VTW31_1p4TnbTeVgFARAd35OxSdit0CZqia1MVjOxvIDidxdauXHr.QEQ7WHMgQyf.mdkU8plqcrPK8EINaYPh_WZkwUFluZee3vZG5cfLfTqjOaDbdC.Plwaf3r.nijgxViSdEwgH8fxNp7RpoXDMlaBGvlO1Wefgg90tKBkUhMMi9ccfWSGifEbm0jfv3iI5ALp_4gN_P1gZkcZxgGf14lq7IDsb.VcMID_hN6ZmFbZzF2bvoWbDszbCiT6B5vnMpCqzurUr4HfJIXM_OZvpNwf0HZOO1K_t18j6gyGAFyJlNOVgUWgjttlAb_Zx7Pp55FMFt_bhdtGS42hUqumPeY3i3hBIlHUR.ZDguEqKdI5IBqDS3kv1XugiJdiIVeFXP3EV4H903t6XiBDtnDVwSy4eHWPliFz.1yMkkIJ1KYk1jNV1JzVZa6jHzA9XVcs7.1_P245pCcL0kiogXdkIQbLExT_uo4Q6hnszMoka8adyPzRTsgqv1ZxC6fRRuflx0TKX5G2Tt9yDkec6zRG9_a_1Z5uG2Odr23gzr5MaXJN2QmxLORHTnbUw0RjsNB6IULEYyljPBgl9cVT9bjgbHGkrVtlRUpTiin89C7CnXz2t4dqUarwD.WfkYVBNIB9XcOppi7Zn4jo4b52PHKSu7AjRNRzbALK_6lzxQCdfHue.Y3.oZe4t8FWUOvlHL7BXl2jlazMWOB._6gssUppcpHKWngL46VaYvDk.rtocl2rgdeBOZfiNId9bXCZX5Un1aU7dYoEhua.vmPw6e8VZe0ADE5CWKijvLSgwWwBFZWu7uHg1q2utBUlIcmx0EUx4f8qQriO0pQz9SOi._U3VL.9gqMwFm.2QdZs.75MBU6Ads5VR1Y430F3D0KYv1kkSBGP_UDcn7J2yGDnHBb7dqKyYQ2Yn641V5TifwvuQj1HQhiIXWL1k4S7Oyq5qnaJkuIt1b3z5Cwz5xR.bgx25Xc387ruZBmGPcweM4swm7KCsd8HHZaGFLctcjqYs_z8Uo6cXNoVVAjnVu5SvtWuzJWsnmQBm2fyLBDUu1xZUi8xYVe6znwfnlQX4KQ06tP7izld9z.epgHtHKk_di9F0igZr8gUZ9aIeUjCvJfJuy3iMIyZ_wxcHiyEFu857zRtpRL7tiHzHRH.d3v_zpQZA5u1hpbsoOVoUIqDp3iFrArJV5o2GE42S8lF7MA7HDFd0jSWaJgnFBWTQGqu3b_dQim9Z1YaQOzRoVLqoWeZFOCDb52MswyjPj6S5_FB3T8VyL0gFYB9pstOUx1vrXlE61lOy23hYLp.lZNTMsYrD8qnZQeqcRxEXxqXGt3_jy0ZGEg0WE2CfPcSaNUSOWbZbjBtJLfLMDTIVnhJxWR6sasEjdewwmgyYrIXGKIQJACk0EYpNDxAgQ9_A8EoEHVvWj9wB.nJPlpht7q8.4YmLAgIPQaEe39_gshWgs3J2m0nhwwCqtbXwcxkskDIb4i7ZuYauBoOJJ8anVv_IfPwS3qZXVobtMJhafrB3ADrRpxgBahkie4ipxA6IDDIr_sk302Lzq.e8XnMUirXU2p_RN1cPAn6ZjYY3cmOjI_fRl4VbfUFLhsr6nQStrP6YCTnW9lUC0kqVGgW2nKYquuRYrRqexIKKz7LYDlTsVfaSd1v1GmHwixbpxNu16iNKaRQ1BiXsuEcHqxTw6A8J5vgUCNsKtuVA0zdVoPgRLPcNYo_DgUyL2iqsjG76OuzeW313y54G5Xir_lRXPkhInCy8hvrIDIQ5XozI2HSsvM6YhHfopFlmvfKtutx1CoXlTTV8UNshek5hed",mdrd: "qSTCW5vGPrVZIx9UzWZ9YysBu1.68ly2sLw8ozzZp5s-1739777459-1.2.1.1-Sxf0SJRIL9IiC9CK.4xX.7jaWoa0NEozQbIx.3goygHYMNN5.ZCjC7S2aZereq4yMYdH8iPoi5voNEjsP2gOkgsCizQjLoQQkLstHzMzR1A_86ioQ6BVqj.K3lBFS8kxEOv4QHlVrlXGs4wMCvLy04GqvCJoMkRzj71m69CGdJ2eFfjd7BjJtqCyXJznNPBAaGFl4Fgj_2e8QHFE2I7Kl5OR1p2rNU1p27hMLfk7PsVK6xAg4MdPPmqIVbcYMAhqGOZ.4D2YReszMhPAm4xCQ.qQn9jWYvPKJgXAl..NK6DfXFOTTZYmPIzSluKRYAP.fClIqQaYgNj6ZZ3rtsgvWB44kXaSVj0oczqlqmBLYQ3rdnp3_OA57_m9Fhi_WoZuarcb9jvKSD.oCkJCr4KrCgYNmq5ezqAwssYQg_7LGFGh5fD59Mr2qOWUDAQZ3jdrJ50b5ouizFtc9RphVsXJjpCfFRJPztpaTpyQr_XBYFcczAUSaX_cUQ1efuE0jhEYfbVYCQkUy4QGJpruQgFONBaExlJfVzw1xa_TL11BVo97bnTbBN3evx0QA3XrSvzSpZa7VR0vs.I8wPNI9RxwYXbiyzN1bTNJlLmmjRyhsIPXgoDX_xR7uSTW2UY1yMXuiFSq2i4qJvaWPZDk9VygRvae54Sn977gqALF2fcFWxXRtWIxvhuO_t766RCQdLgHAGpB0R_UsVtWbs0h86lkKEvee7B0Nna10LlO_aofCaAj.r8OOocnIee6Jf.7iCEh3zgHAnKLIrq4ArHbfo3j6R1YlG22uP1vBIC3J0kmSGXcONtAk59xnKaATYWcdeKM_8v4lOup1nVuPdTRamcK6Ea2__JuIhvwz3VajlpDgp0pJbGBJHMCVeZKzh2W4Ld4eI32MWO4mlBrbX00yuKnZ7OW.E60KBW.blKLrpombDcc5k9zimxBSYVH4nAG.VigoDCHbF3uRafYHiSkn0vhdWbvnvwU3aEnY01hI.ZM77dS3FtD3MzzikM4kxMvaQ85Kmt6zD0BiQELGM2DMM2a2vU1PQmqT2cC70CPKf3EvN3.1mqucNBe5woxhMOlPEG.YGcLu84loDGne.L_4637FtS2IR7z6QIrcNVlvJWQM_Dm_o.vi4ZLgCOfH72X_M7OlmDH4nLxLknVXdDI0ajhAxX3LY_sUQCvCDarigZkaPH0DksWzFHRDjWJi6u0A8jDAwg_sCl_vjxRs3UJ5LpKp7PjDjQ684Kvj2dnXPjQ1RNS1g9UcY5tqlgacTgLCbb10lmYkh2IPYVJ5Xu5zvXt7qESoTRdzVMGij_NDpRUslh.ePI3ZqDtlGQC85smKPS1LTssRzlInEIpUFsCJbz2K6FO8tOR1kLxoI6xUAKMkV67NHAsYRc2do_3j5nHHKWZyp4KwdQNhNU15We_In2frb2JV5B55he63IZQ41frZ0Oy6c2RUjlaCgH4diO1VEO0hWHQ0NvjkslXfVotWfNcEWw3z9RB2ULZajvJ4TPBUWQd_m5drAqSkqE4BJvroACrhvePpX7PBRFvZHDk6ma1l25G_k2J4wq4rwmRC.Y6cD.TUPeNFdwiZFlxprMkdM1LjfyFc9f_4qZHPJjX1vXNmbt7W82fOZ_Kui24KFuIL65hKHQ28xC4EIW3mNnaaVy4IPTaBMJ61__7PyqEi6gXwkDmpAnjvcuGICfA7FwtIkPDNoxhFO3CXfA6A.716gJfruaOlp_YiP0Tm3O5G2V6IQHrm6Z_Mo9BgtxTFRSjUP9.4HYvJezUkCFxnMZr0nWoo.avzNRaZBZTt_GpyHkSZ0awtUvKdhL8_t0v9OnVV0fHsEtPRR982Jgotn_WtIrYWGayv.THFljUN24618QaeUufrkyedTcEiGsLfW7aGQVvEDM8ym5N8azACQi8yyGetyonj2518gkiMUoXMEyGjT8_KrE2Ybn092ic3VZOz4HdfSqEmLq6Q01qgcnIfCO_OaZiS4bM0JAPWKP4RSNLhw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91341343e933832a';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=finite%20difference%20method&__cf_chl_rt_tk=9n73OcgjMCbotaA97JgE.6daKm9SJNxKZBfLe3kvoO4-1739777459-1.0.1.1-iPz_n0jfgfkS1RUSEvVD5cp1ku_sIfNKtUY5QQ3JhgI" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>