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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maintenance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maintenance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Maintenance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maintenance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology_and_habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology_and_habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ecology and habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecology_and_habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Habitat_challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat_challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Habitat challenges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitat_challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Native_plants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_plants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Native plants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Native_plants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_general" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_general"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>In general</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_general-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wildflower_gardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wildflower_gardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Wildflower gardens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wildflower_gardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rain_gardens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rain_gardens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Rain gardens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rain_gardens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Advantages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advantages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disadvantages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disadvantages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Disadvantages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disadvantages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effect_of_new_construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effect_of_new_construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Effect of new construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effect_of_new_construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Land_reclamation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_reclamation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Land reclamation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_reclamation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Native_plant_societies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Native_plant_societies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Native plant societies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Native_plant_societies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Natural_Landscaping02.jpg/220px-Natural_Landscaping02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Natural_Landscaping02.jpg/330px-Natural_Landscaping02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Natural_Landscaping02.jpg/440px-Natural_Landscaping02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Natural landscaping using <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Redbud" class="mw-redirect" title="Redbud">redbud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maple" title="Maple">maple</a>, and <a href="/wiki/American_sweetgum" class="mw-redirect" title="American sweetgum">American sweetgum</a> with <a href="/wiki/Leaf_litter" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaf litter">leaf litter</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Natural landscaping</b>, also called <b>native gardening</b>, is the use of <a href="/wiki/Native_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Native plants">native plants</a> including <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">trees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub">shrubs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Groundcover" title="Groundcover">groundcover</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Grasses" class="mw-redirect" title="Grasses">grasses</a> which are <a href="/wiki/Native_species" title="Native species">local</a> to the geographic area of the garden. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Natural_Landcaping01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Natural_Landcaping01.jpg/220px-Natural_Landcaping01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Natural_Landcaping01.jpg/330px-Natural_Landcaping01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Natural_Landcaping01.jpg/440px-Natural_Landcaping01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="752" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Natural landscaping with pine <a href="/wiki/Leaf_litter" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaf litter">leaf litter</a> mulch</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Benefits">Benefits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_landscaping&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Benefits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maintenance">Maintenance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_landscaping&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Maintenance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Natural landscaping is adapted to the <a href="/wiki/Climate" title="Climate">climate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydrology" title="Hydrology">hydrology</a> and should require no <a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">pesticides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizers</a> and watering to maintain, given that native plants have <a href="/wiki/Adaptation" title="Adaptation">adapted</a> and evolved to local conditions over thousands of years.<sup id="cite_ref-Art_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Art-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, these applications may be necessary for some preventive care of trees and other vegetation. </p><p>Native plants suit today's interest in "low-maintenance" gardening and landscaping, with many species vigorous and hardy and able to survive winter cold and summer heat. Once established, they can flourish without irrigation or fertilization, and are resistant to most pests and diseases. </p><p>Many municipalities have quickly recognized the benefits of natural landscaping due to municipal budget constraints and reductions and the general public is now benefiting from the implementation of natural landscaping techniques to save water and create more personal time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology_and_habitat">Ecology and habitat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_landscaping&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ecology and habitat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Banksia_spinulosa_claret_styles_Georges_River_NP_email.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Banksia_spinulosa_claret_styles_Georges_River_NP_email.jpg/220px-Banksia_spinulosa_claret_styles_Georges_River_NP_email.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Banksia_spinulosa_claret_styles_Georges_River_NP_email.jpg/330px-Banksia_spinulosa_claret_styles_Georges_River_NP_email.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Banksia_spinulosa_claret_styles_Georges_River_NP_email.jpg/440px-Banksia_spinulosa_claret_styles_Georges_River_NP_email.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Banksia_spinulosa" title="Banksia spinulosa">Banksia spinulosa</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> local plant which attracts wildlife</figcaption></figure> <p>Native plants provide suitable habitat for native species of butterflies, birds, <a href="/wiki/Pollinator" title="Pollinator">pollinators</a>, and other wildlife.<sup id="cite_ref-Rebirding_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rebirding-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They provide more variety in gardens by offering myriad alternatives to the often planted <a href="/wiki/Introduced_species" title="Introduced species">introduced species</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a>. The indigenous plants have co-evolved with animals, fungi and microbes, to form a complex network of relationships. They are the foundation of their native <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystems</a>, or natural communities.<sup id="cite_ref-Tallamy_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tallamy-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Such gardens often benefit from the plants being evolved and habituated to the local climate, pests and herbivores, and soil conditions, and so may require fewer to no <a href="/wiki/Soil_amendments" class="mw-redirect" title="Soil amendments">soil amendments</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irrigation" title="Irrigation">irrigation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">pesticides</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Herbicide" title="Herbicide">herbicides</a> for a beautiful, lower maintenance, and more <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">sustainable</a> landscape. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Habitat_challenges">Habitat challenges</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_landscaping&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Habitat challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>However, while local <a href="/wiki/Provenance" title="Provenance">provenance</a> plants have adapted to local conditions (which includes climate, soil, and other native plants and animals), there will often be instances, especially in cities, where one or more of these will have been radically altered. </p><p>Examples include: </p> <ul><li>Building rubble used as landfill may raise <a href="/wiki/Soil_pH" title="Soil pH">soil pH</a> (i.e. create <a href="/wiki/Alkaline" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkaline">alkaline</a> soil), which can be problematic in regions of acidic soils (with local plants adapted to acid soils).</li> <li>Buildings cast a substantial shade, this may give rise to conditions substantially shadier than needed by local plants.</li> <li>Soil which is high in organic material and nutrients is often introduced into gardens, or many gardeners will have used <a href="/wiki/Fertilizer" title="Fertilizer">fertilizers</a>. Plants from some areas may not thrive under these conditions. For example, many Australian plants are particularly sensitive to phosphorus.</li> <li>Many native plants are adapted to, and benefit from, periodic <a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">wildfires</a> that occurred before and during pre-modern settlement. These fires can be simulated in the garden by either "high mowing" or a <a href="/wiki/Controlled_burn" title="Controlled burn">controlled burn</a> every few years.</li></ul> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/Weed" title="Weed">weeds</a> in an area are usually the result of imported plants. These plants become invasive because there are no natural controls such as disease, weather, or fauna in their new environment. They take over native habitats, reducing shelter and food for local fauna. Using local provenance plants increases the <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a> of and is important for the health of a region's overall <a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">ecology</a>. </p><p>Much of the wild areas have been destroyed to make room for <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban development</a>. Housing developments have replaced native habitats with <a href="/wiki/Ornamental_plant" title="Ornamental plant">ornamental plants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lawn" title="Lawn">lawns</a>, pushing the <a href="/wiki/Wildland%E2%80%93urban_interface" title="Wildland–urban interface">wildland–urban interface</a> further out. While development won't be stopped, gardeners can keep wild areas and green spaces filled with native species on their lots and in their communities. </p><p>Despite this, there are usually plenty of indigenous or native plants which will grow and thrive in the area one is trying to establish a native garden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Native_plants">Native plants</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_landscaping&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Native plants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of <a href="/wiki/Native_plants" class="mw-redirect" title="Native plants">native plants</a> in a garden or landscape can both preserve and protect natural ecosystems, and reduce the amount of care and energy required to maintain a healthy garden or landscape. Native plants are adapted to the local climate and geology, and often require less maintenance than exotic species. Native plants also support populations of native birds, insects, and other animals that they <a href="/wiki/Coevolved" class="mw-redirect" title="Coevolved">coevolved</a> with, thus promoting a healthy <a href="/wiki/Community_(ecology)" title="Community (ecology)">community</a> of organisms. </p><p>Plants in a garden or maintained landscape often form a <a href="/wiki/Source%E2%80%93sink_dynamics" title="Source–sink dynamics">source population</a> from which plants can colonize new areas. Avoiding the use of <a href="/wiki/Invasive_species" title="Invasive species">invasive species</a> helps to prevent such plants from establishing new populations. Similarly, the use of native species can provide a valuable source to help these plants colonise new areas. </p><p>Some non-native species can form an <a href="/wiki/Ecological_trap" title="Ecological trap">ecological trap</a> in which native species are lured into an environment that appears attractive but is poorly suited to them. </p><p>However, in Britain research by the University of Sheffield as part of the BUGS project (Biodiversity in Urban Gardens in Sheffield)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has revealed that for many invertebrates – the majority of wild animals in most gardens – it is not just native plants which can sustain them. The findings were published in popular form in Ken Thompson's book 'No Nettles Required: The truth about wildlife gardening'<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He confirms the approach which Chris Baines had promoted in 'How to Make a Wildlife Garden'.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some ecosystems may benefit from any increase in <a href="/wiki/Biomass_(ecology)" title="Biomass (ecology)">biomass</a>, from the introduction of certain non-native species, or any increase in <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">biodiversity</a>. In the case of disturbed areas some exotic/non-native plants may fare better than the displaced, native inhabitants, in the process increasing the biodiversity and biological biomass.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_landscaping&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_general">In general</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_landscaping&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: In general"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Native_Prairie_Garden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Native_Prairie_Garden.jpg/220px-Native_Prairie_Garden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Native_Prairie_Garden.jpg/330px-Native_Prairie_Garden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Native_Prairie_Garden.jpg/440px-Native_Prairie_Garden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>A small prairie garden.</figcaption></figure> <p>Native gardens include the following kinds: </p> <ul><li>Fully forested with <a href="/wiki/Plant_litter" title="Plant litter">leaf debris</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Forest_floor" title="Forest floor">forest floor</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Coarse_woody_debris" title="Coarse woody debris">coarse woody debris</a> if possible;</li> <li>Desert with arid loving plants and succulents;</li> <li>Grassy meadow with a variety of <a href="/wiki/Wildflowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildflowers">wildflowers</a> and water features;</li> <li>Lowland <a href="/wiki/Savanna" title="Savanna">savanna</a> with grasses and native trees; and</li> <li>Oceanic <a href="/wiki/Dunescape" class="mw-redirect" title="Dunescape">dunescape</a> with tall, salt tolerant grasses.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wildflower_gardens">Wildflower gardens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_landscaping&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Wildflower gardens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Wildflower" in some nations denominates the numerous showy flowers from some drier climates, most notably southwest <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>, southern <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. </p><p>Some wildflower gardens attempt to recreate a <a href="/wiki/Prairie" title="Prairie">prairie</a>, including native grasses along with flowering plants, i. e. <a href="/wiki/Forb" title="Forb">forbs</a>. Such gardens benefit the local wildlife, often attracting birds, <a href="/wiki/Butterfly" title="Butterfly">butterflies</a>, and small <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>. By carefully choosing the plants for the garden, some of these animals can be encouraged to visit the garden. One popular type of wildflower garden specializes in attracting butterflies and is thus denominated a "<a href="/wiki/Butterfly_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Butterfly garden">butterfly garden</a>". </p><p>The native plants cultivated in wildflower gardens often have deep roots, and therefore are effective selections for absorbing <a href="/wiki/Surface_runoff" title="Surface runoff">surface runoff</a> and allowing the water to infiltrate into the local <a href="/wiki/Water_table" title="Water table">water table</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Steiner_and_Domm_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steiner_and_Domm-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wildflower gardens cultivated for capturing runoff in this mode are denominated "rain gardens". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rain_gardens">Rain gardens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_landscaping&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Rain gardens"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rain_garden" title="Rain garden">Rain gardens</a> absorb rainwater from gutters and <a href="/wiki/Impervious_surface" title="Impervious surface">impervious surfaces</a> and function much better when planted with native plants which tolerate the alternation of flooding and drying. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advantages">Advantages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_landscaping&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Advantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>no fertilization required</li> <li>no additional water</li> <li>more water available for other uses and other people</li> <li>zero to near zero work needed for maintenance</li> <li>no lawn mowing</li> <li>erosion reduced to a minimum</li> <li>natural landscaped plants take full advantage of rainfall</li> <li>when water restrictions are implemented, native landscaped plants will survive, while other plants may not</li> <li>increased habitat for native flora and fauna</li> <li>increased beneficial insect population reduces pests</li> <li>where heavily forested, provides shade on homes and businesses saving energy</li> <li>native plants rarely become invasive</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disadvantages">Disadvantages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_landscaping&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Disadvantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>not good for outdoor games that require a manicured turf.</li> <li>in certain areas, wildfires or brushfires may be of great concern.</li> <li>may look less conventionally attractive due to reduced available range of plants to choose from.</li> <li>may be hard to find native plants which produce adequate quantities of edible matter.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effect_of_new_construction">Effect of new construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_landscaping&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Effect of new construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In new construction, builders can either avoid <a href="/wiki/Clear_cutting" class="mw-redirect" title="Clear cutting">clear cutting</a> or clearing an entire property and disturbing other large flora or builders can completely clear an area of all flora to save construction time and replace the clearing with juvenile specimens once the job is complete. The downside to this is additional costs involved with purchasing replacements. The builder may also choose to plant additional native trees and other flora after construction to help the property blend with natural surroundings. </p><p>In some <a href="/wiki/Private_community" title="Private community">planned developments</a>, natural landscaping is the requirement. Builders may not remove trees larger than a specific diameter and owners may not arbitrarily cut trees without a permit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Land_reclamation">Land reclamation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_landscaping&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Land reclamation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Throughout the world, forested areas are often turned into <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">cattle</a> <a href="/wiki/Grazing" title="Grazing">grazing</a> or farmland. Often this land is then turned into residential or commercial use property. By returning the land back to its original state prior to human disturbance, vast amounts of energy usage and increasing pollution can be reduced. Natural landscaping costs less to install than traditional landscaping and, after the initial few years, reduces maintenance costs, combats <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a>, and accommodates storm and flood waters better. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Native_plant_societies">Native plant societies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_landscaping&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Native plant societies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In many parts of the world there are societies, clubs or local groups, such as <a href="/wiki/Bushcare_Group" title="Bushcare Group">Bushcare</a> or <a href="/wiki/Australian_Native_Plants_Society" title="Australian Native Plants Society">Australian Native Plants Society</a> in Australia, the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Native_Plant_Society" title="North American Native Plant Society">North American Native Plant Society</a>, Pennsylvania Native Plant Society,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the <a href="/wiki/California_Native_Plant_Society" title="California Native Plant Society">California Native Plant Society</a>, which are made up of gardeners interested in growing plants local to their area, state or country. In the United States, Wild Ones—Native Plants, Natural Landscapes<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a national organization with local chapters in many states. New England Wildflower Society,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson_Wildflower_Center" title="Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center">Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provide information on native plants and promote natural landscaping. These organizations can be the best resources for learning about and obtaining local native plants. Many members have spent years or decades cultivating local plants or bushwalking in local areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_landscaping&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permaculture" title="Permaculture">Permaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_lawn_management" title="Organic lawn management">Organic lawn management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piet_Oudolf" title="Piet Oudolf">Piet Oudolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terroir" title="Terroir">Terroir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_gardening" class="mw-redirect" title="Wildlife gardening">Wildlife gardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeriscaping" title="Xeriscaping">Xeriscaping</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_landscaping&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Art-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Art_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHenry_W._Art2007" class="citation cs2">Henry W. Art (2007), "A Gardener's Ecology", in C. Colston Burrell (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E1d1aKyE_R0C&pg=PA6"><i>Wildflower Gardens: 60 Spectacular Plants and How to Grow Them in Your Garden</i></a>, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, p. 6, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781889538310" title="Special:BookSources/9781889538310"><bdi>9781889538310</bdi></a>, <q>Native plant gardens that are designed to take advantage of local conditions and reflect prevailing ecological processes often are less work than high-maintenance formal beds and borders, and they blend more gracefully into the landscape.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Gardener%27s+Ecology&rft.btitle=Wildflower+Gardens%3A+60+Spectacular+Plants+and+How+to+Grow+Them+in+Your+Garden&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Brooklyn+Botanic+Garden&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9781889538310&rft.au=Henry+W.+Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE1d1aKyE_R0C%26pg%3DPA6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANatural+landscaping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tallamy, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rebirding-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rebirding_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald2019" class="citation book cs1">MacDonald, Benedict (2019). <i>Rebirding</i> (2020 ed.). Exeter, EX3 9BR: Pelagic. pp. 71–74, 77–80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78427-219-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78427-219-7"><bdi>978-1-78427-219-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rebirding&rft.place=Exeter%2C+EX3+9BR&rft.pages=71-74%2C+77-80&rft.edition=2020&rft.pub=Pelagic&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-78427-219-7&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=Benedict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANatural+landscaping" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tallamy-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tallamy_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglas_Tallamy2009" class="citation cs2">Douglas Tallamy (2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=szK9uNKvTkQC"><i>Bringing Nature Home: How You Can Sustain Wildlife with Native Plants</i></a>, Timber Press, p. 25, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781604691467" title="Special:BookSources/9781604691467"><bdi>9781604691467</bdi></a>, <q>Because food for all animals starts with the energy harnessed by plants, the plants we grow in our gardens have the critical role of sustaining, directly or indirectly, all of the animals with which we share our living spaces. The degree to which the plants in our gardens succeed in this regard will determine the diversity and numbers of wildlife that can survive in managed landscapes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bringing+Nature+Home%3A+How+You+Can+Sustain+Wildlife+with+Native+Plants&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Timber+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781604691467&rft.au=Douglas+Tallamy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DszK9uNKvTkQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANatural+landscaping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bugs.group.shef.ac.uk">"BUGS projects – introduction"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BUGS+projects+%E2%80%93+introduction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bugs.group.shef.ac.uk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANatural+landscaping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson" class="citation web cs1">Thompson, Ken. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100602032208/http://www.rbooks.co.uk/product.aspx?id=1905811144">"No Nettles Required: The Reassuring Truth About Wildlife Gardening"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rbooks.co.uk/product.aspx?id=1905811144">the original</a> on 2010-06-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=No+Nettles+Required%3A+The+Reassuring+Truth+About+Wildlife+Gardening&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbooks.co.uk%2Fproduct.aspx%3Fid%3D1905811144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANatural+landscaping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110818192755/http://www.franceslincoln.co.uk/en/C/0/Book/213/How_to_Make_a_Wildlife_Garden.html">"Frances Lincoln - How to Make a Wildlife Garden"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.franceslincoln.co.uk/en/C/0/Book/213/How_to_Make_a_Wildlife_Garden.html">the original</a> on 2011-08-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frances+Lincoln+-+How+to+Make+a+Wildlife+Garden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.franceslincoln.co.uk%2Fen%2FC%2F0%2FBook%2F213%2FHow_to_Make_a_Wildlife_Garden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANatural+landscaping" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebb2009" class="citation book cs1">Webb, Robert H. (2009). <i>The Mojave Desert : ecosystem processes and sustainability</i>. University of Nevada. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780874177763" title="Special:BookSources/9780874177763"><bdi>9780874177763</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mojave+Desert+%3A+ecosystem+processes+and+sustainability&rft.pub=University+of+Nevada&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780874177763&rft.aulast=Webb&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANatural+landscaping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steiner_and_Domm-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Steiner_and_Domm_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynn_M._SteinerRobert_W._Domm2012" class="citation cs2">Lynn M. Steiner; Robert W. Domm (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YA53p0SG0LMC&pg=PA94">"Using native plants"</a>, <i>Rain Gardens: Sustainable Landscaping for a Beautiful Yard and a Healthy World</i>, Voyageur Press, p. 94, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780760340448" title="Special:BookSources/9780760340448"><bdi>9780760340448</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Using+native+plants&rft.btitle=Rain+Gardens%3A+Sustainable+Landscaping+for+a+Beautiful+Yard+and+a+Healthy+World&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Voyageur+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780760340448&rft.au=Lynn+M.+Steiner&rft.au=Robert+W.+Domm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYA53p0SG0LMC%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANatural+landscaping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.panativeplantsociety.org/">https://www.panativeplantsociety.org/</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wildones.org/">"Home"</a>. <i>Wild Ones Natural Landscapers, Ltd</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wild+Ones+Natural+Landscapers%2C+Ltd.&rft.atitle=Home&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwildones.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANatural+landscaping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nativeplanttrust.org/new-name/">"New Name, Deep Roots – Native Plant Trust"</a>. <i>www.nativeplanttrust.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.nativeplanttrust.org&rft.atitle=New+Name%2C+Deep+Roots+%E2%80%93+Native+Plant+Trust&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nativeplanttrust.org%2Fnew-name%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANatural+landscaping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wildflower.org/">"Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center – The Botanic Garden of Texas"</a>. <i>Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lady+Bird+Johnson+Wildflower+Center&rft.atitle=Lady+Bird+Johnson+Wildflower+Center+%E2%80%93+The+Botanic+Garden+of+Texas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wildflower.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANatural+landscaping" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_landscaping&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher,_Thomas2011" class="citation cs2">Christopher, Thomas, ed. (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x45tE8p-dqsC"><i>The New American Landscape: Leading Voices on the Future of Sustainable Gardening</i></a>, Timber Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781604691863" title="Special:BookSources/9781604691863"><bdi>9781604691863</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+American+Landscape%3A+Leading+Voices+on+the+Future+of+Sustainable+Gardening&rft.pub=Timber+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781604691863&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx45tE8p-dqsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANatural+landscaping" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiekelmann,_JohnRobert_M._Schuster2002" class="citation cs2">Diekelmann, John; Robert M. Schuster (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fmajmru4g98C"><i>Natural Landscaping: Designing with Native Plant Communities</i></a>, University of Wisconsin Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780299173241" title="Special:BookSources/9780299173241"><bdi>9780299173241</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Natural+Landscaping%3A+Designing+with+Native+Plant+Communities&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780299173241&rft.au=Diekelmann%2C+John&rft.au=Robert+M.+Schuster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfmajmru4g98C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANatural+landscaping" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein,_Sara1993" class="citation cs2">Stein, Sara (1993), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aKcSsRjdB00C"><i>Noah's Garden: Restoring the Ecology of Our Own Back Yards</i></a>, Houghton-Mifflin, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-65373-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-65373-8"><bdi>0-395-65373-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Noah%27s+Garden%3A+Restoring+the+Ecology+of+Our+Own+Back+Yards&rft.pub=Houghton-Mifflin&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-395-65373-8&rft.au=Stein%2C+Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaKcSsRjdB00C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANatural+landscaping" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStein1997" class="citation book cs1">Stein, Sara (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=j3WBQgAACAAJ"><i>Planting Noah's Garden: Further Adventures in Backyard Ecology</i></a>. Houghton-Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780395709603" title="Special:BookSources/9780395709603"><bdi>9780395709603</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Planting+Noah%27s+Garden%3A+Further+Adventures+in+Backyard+Ecology&rft.pub=Houghton-Mifflin&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780395709603&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dj3WBQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANatural+landscaping" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTallamy2007" class="citation book cs1">Tallamy, Douglas W. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JA45XbUm48gC"><i>Bringing Nature Home: How Native Plants Sustain Wildlife in Our Gardens</i></a>. Timber Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88192-854-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88192-854-9"><bdi>978-0-88192-854-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bringing+Nature+Home%3A+How+Native+Plants+Sustain+Wildlife+in+Our+Gardens&rft.pub=Timber+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-88192-854-9&rft.aulast=Tallamy&rft.aufirst=Douglas+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJA45XbUm48gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANatural+landscaping" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTallamy2020" class="citation book cs1">Tallamy, Douglas W. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ToqHDwAAQBAJ"><i>Nature's Best Hope: A New Approach to Conservation That Starts in Your Yard</i></a>. Timber Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1604699005" title="Special:BookSources/978-1604699005"><bdi>978-1604699005</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Best+Hope%3A+A+New+Approach+to+Conservation+That+Starts+in+Your+Yard&rft.pub=Timber+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1604699005&rft.aulast=Tallamy&rft.aufirst=Douglas+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DToqHDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANatural+landscaping" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWasowski2000" class="citation book cs1">Wasowski, Andy and Sally (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oqK9GAAACAAJ"><i>The Landscaping Revolution: Garden With Mother Nature, Not Against Her</i></a>. Contemporary Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780809226658" title="Special:BookSources/9780809226658"><bdi>9780809226658</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Landscaping+Revolution%3A+Garden+With+Mother+Nature%2C+Not+Against+Her&rft.pub=Contemporary+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780809226658&rft.aulast=Wasowski&rft.aufirst=Andy+and+Sally&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoqK9GAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANatural+landscaping" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWasowski2001" class="citation book cs1">Wasowski, Sally (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jqWFQgAACAAJ"><i>Gardening With Prairie Plants: How to Create Beautiful Native Landscapes</i></a>. University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0816630879" title="Special:BookSources/0816630879"><bdi>0816630879</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gardening+With+Prairie+Plants%3A+How+to+Create+Beautiful+Native+Landscapes&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0816630879&rft.aulast=Wasowski&rft.aufirst=Sally&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjqWFQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANatural+landscaping" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natural_landscaping&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060714112000/http://www.enature.com/gardening/">National Wildlife Federation: Gardening</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wildones.org/">Wild Ones: Native Plants, Natural Landscapes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/docs/grtlakes/greenacres/nativeplants/factsht.html#Native%20Plant">The Environmental Protection Agency's fact sheets on landscaping with native plants and background articles on native plants</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Allotment_(gardening)" title="Allotment (gardening)">Allotment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arboretum" title="Arboretum">Arboretum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_gardening" title="Butterfly gardening">Butterfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate-friendly_gardening" title="Climate-friendly gardening">Climate-friendly gardening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_gardening" title="Community gardening">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_gardening" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest gardening">Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foodscaping" title="Foodscaping">Foodscaping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_intensive_gardening" title="French intensive gardening">French intensive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden" title="Garden">Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_design" title="Garden design">Garden design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer-aided_garden_design" title="Computer-aided garden design">computer-aided</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundskeeping" title="Groundskeeping">Groundskeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_tool" title="Garden tool">Garden tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_wall" title="Green wall">Green wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_gardening" title="Guerrilla gardening">Guerrilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_historic_gardens" title="Conservation and restoration of historic gardens">Historic conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_gardening" title="History of gardening">History</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Native</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parterre" title="Parterre">Parterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proplifting" title="Proplifting">Proplifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised-bed_gardening" title="Raised-bed gardening">Raised bed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_foot_gardening" title="Square foot gardening">Square foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_gardening" title="Sustainable gardening">Sustainable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xeriscaping" title="Xeriscaping">Xeriscaping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_garden_types" title="List of garden types">Types of<br />gardens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_garden" title="Alpine garden">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Gardens of ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardening_in_Australia" title="Gardening in Australia">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Back garden">Back</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_garden" title="Baroque garden">Baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_garden" title="Biblical garden">Biblical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bog_garden" title="Bog garden">Bog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_garden" title="Botanical garden">Botanical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bottle_garden" title="Bottle garden">Bottle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_house" title="Butterfly house">Butterfly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_gardens" title="Byzantine gardens">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cactus_garden" title="Cactus garden">Cactus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Revival_garden" title="Colonial Revival garden">Colonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Color garden">Color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communal_garden" title="Communal garden">Communal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garden_square" title="Garden square">Garden square</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_gardening" title="Community gardening">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container_garden" title="Container garden">Container</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottage_garden" title="Cottage garden">Cottage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_garden" title="Dutch garden">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian garden">East Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_garden" title="Chinese garden">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingnan_garden" title="Lingnan garden">Cantonese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_garden" title="Japanese garden">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roji" title="Roji">Roji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_rock_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese rock garden">Zen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_garden" title="Korean garden">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2n_non_b%E1%BB%99" title="Hòn non bộ">Vietnamese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_landscape_garden" title="English landscape garden">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sharawadgi" title="Sharawadgi">Sharawadgi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernery" title="Fernery">Fernery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinampa" title="Chinampa">Floating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower_garden" title="Flower garden">Flower</a></li> <li>French <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_formal_garden" title="French formal garden">formal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_landscape_garden" title="French landscape garden">landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardens_of_the_French_Renaissance" title="Gardens of the French Renaissance">Renaissance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_yard" title="Front yard">Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_garden" title="German garden">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek gardens">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse" title="Greenhouse">Greenhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanging_garden_(cultivation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanging garden (cultivation)">Hanging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_garden" title="Islamic garden">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance_garden" title="Italian Renaissance garden">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keyhole_garden" title="Keyhole garden">Keyhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen_garden" title="Kitchen garden">Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knot_garden" title="Knot garden">Knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_garden" title="Market garden">Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_garden" title="Mary garden">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_garden" title="Medieval garden">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastic_garden" title="Monastic garden">Monastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_garden" title="Mughal garden">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard" title="Orchard">Orchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekarangan" title="Pekarangan">Indonesian home garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_gardens" title="Persian gardens">Persian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C4%81gh_(garden)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bāgh (garden)">Bāgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charbagh" title="Charbagh">Charbagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradise_garden" title="Paradise garden">Paradise</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physic_garden" title="Physic garden">Physic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasure_garden" title="Pleasure garden">Pleasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prairie#Prairie_garden" title="Prairie">Prairie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollinator_garden" title="Pollinator garden">Pollinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_garden" title="Rain garden">Rain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_garden" title="Rock garden">Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_gardens" title="Roman gardens">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_garden" title="Roof garden">Roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_garden" title="Rose garden">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_garden" title="Sacred garden">Sacred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_garden" title="School garden">School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardening_in_Scotland" title="Gardening in Scotland">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_garden" title="Sculpture garden">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensory_garden" title="Sensory garden">Sensory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shade_garden" title="Shade garden">Shade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_garden" title="Shakespeare garden">Shakespeare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrubbery" title="Shrubbery">Shrubbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_garden" title="Spanish garden">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_garden" title="Tea garden">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_garden" title="Therapeutic garden">Therapeutic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_garden" title="Trial garden">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_garden" title="Tropical garden">Tropical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_garden" title="Victory garden">Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walled_garden" title="Walled garden">Walled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_garden" title="Water garden">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_garden" title="Wildlife garden">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_garden" title="Winter garden">Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo" title="Zoo">Zoological</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">Horticulture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permaculture" title="Permaculture">Permaculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal-free_agriculture" title="Animal-free agriculture">stock-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture" title="Sustainable agriculture">sustainable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_agriculture" title="Urban agriculture">urban</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arboriculture" title="Arboriculture">Arboriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonsai" title="Bonsai">Bonsai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saikei" title="Saikei">Saikei</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">Botany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companion_planting" title="Companion planting">Companion planting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crop" title="Crop">Crop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_valuable_crops_and_livestock_products" title="List of most valuable crops and livestock products">most valuable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutting_(plant)" title="Cutting (plant)">Cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horticultural_flora" title="Horticultural flora">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriculture" title="Floriculture">Floriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floriculture_in_Canada" title="Floriculture in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriculture_in_Taiwan" title="Floriculture in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCgelkultur" title="Hügelkultur">Hügelkultur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomology" title="Pomology">Fruticulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetically_modified_tree" title="Genetically modified tree">Genetically modified tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroculture">Hydroculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_horticulture" title="Indigenous horticulture">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercropping" title="Intercropping">Intercropping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">Landscape architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olericulture" title="Olericulture">Olericulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_breeding" title="Plant breeding">breeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttings_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuttings (plant)">cuttings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-flowering" title="Free-flowering">free-flowering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_propagation" title="Plant propagation">propagation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drought_tolerance" title="Drought tolerance">drought tolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardiness_(plants)" title="Hardiness (plants)">hardiness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomology" title="Pomology">Pomology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postharvest_physiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Postharvest physiology">Postharvest physiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roguing" title="Roguing">Roguing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_horticulture" title="Tropical horticulture">Tropical</a></li> <li>Urban <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_agriculture" title="Urban agriculture">agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_horticulture" title="Urban horticulture">horticulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_forestry" title="Urban forestry">forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_reforestation" title="Urban reforestation">reforestation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viticulture" title="Viticulture">Viticulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoculture" title="Monoculture">Monoculture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organic_horticulture" title="Organic horticulture">Organic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodynamic_agriculture" title="Biodynamic agriculture">Biodynamic agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafting" title="Grafting">Grafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_organic_gardening_and_farming" title="Outline of organic gardening and farming">List of organic gardening and farming topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_organic_agriculture" title="Vegan organic agriculture">Vegan organic agriculture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plant protection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fungicide" title="Fungicide">Fungicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbicide" title="Herbicide">Herbicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_pesticide_articles" title="Index of pesticide articles">Index of pesticide articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fungicides" title="List of fungicides">List of fungicides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_insecticides" title="List of insecticides">List of insecticides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesticide" title="Pesticide">Pesticide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_disease_forecasting" title="Plant disease forecasting">Plant disease forecasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruning" title="Pruning">Pruning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weed_control" title="Weed control">Weed control</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquamog" title="Aquamog">Aquamog weed remover</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_orchard" title="Community orchard">Community orchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_garden_features" title="List of garden features">Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_design" title="Floral design">Floral design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Floristry" title="Floristry">Floristry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikebana" title="Ikebana">Ikebana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groundskeeping" title="Groundskeeping">Groundskeeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_centre" title="Garden centre">Garden centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_tourism" title="Garden tourism">Garden tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gardens" title="List of gardens">List of gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_plants" title="Lists of plants">Lists of plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perennial" title="Perennial">Perennial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_collecting" title="Plant collecting">Plant collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turf_management" title="Turf management">Turf management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/32px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/48px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg/64px-France_Loiret_La_Bussiere_Potager_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3294" data-file-height="2227" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Gardening" 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