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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Extinct genus of reptiles</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Procolophon</i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Temporal range: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">Early Triassic</span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; white-space:nowrap; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:97%;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:207.23076923077px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">PreꞒ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:37.636923076923px; width:18.073846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Ꞓ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:55.710769230769px; width:14.08px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovician" title="Ordovician">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.790769230769px; width:8.3261538461539px;"><a href="/wiki/Silurian" title="Silurian">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:78.116923076923px; width:20.409230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.526153846154px; width:20.307692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.83384615385px; width:15.907015384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Permian" title="Permian">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:134.74086153846px; width:17.092984615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:151.83384615385px; width:19.089230769231px;"><a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.92307692308px; width:26.738461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.66153846154px; width:14.543692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogene" title="Paleogene">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:6.9215384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogene" title="Neogene">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"> <div style="position:absolute; left:134.74086153846px; font-size:50%"><div style="position:relative; left:-0.42em">↓</div></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Procolophon_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Procolophon_BW.jpg/220px-Procolophon_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Procolophon_BW.jpg/330px-Procolophon_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Procolophon_BW.jpg/440px-Procolophon_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="352" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i>Procolophon pricei</i> from the Early Triassic of South Africa </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Procolophon" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reptile" title="Reptile">Reptilia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Parareptilia" title="Parareptilia">Parareptilia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Procolophonomorpha" title="Procolophonomorpha">Procolophonomorpha</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Procolophonidae" title="Procolophonidae">Procolophonidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a href="/wiki/Procolophoninae" title="Procolophoninae">Procolophoninae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;">†</span><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Procolophon</i></a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Richard_Owen" title="Richard Owen">Owen</a> 1876</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">Type species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><i><b>Procolophon trigoniceps</b></i><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Owen" title="Richard Owen">Owen</a> 1876</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i>P. trigoniceps</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Owen 1876 (<a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type</a>)</span></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul class="taxonlist"><li><i>Procolophon minor</i> <small>Owen, 1876 </small></li><li><i>Procolophon griersoni</i> <small>Seeley, 1878 </small></li><li><i>Procolophon cuneiceps</i> <small>Seeley, 1878 </small></li><li><i>Procolophon laticeps</i> <small>Seeley, 1878 </small></li><li><i>Procolophon platyrhinus</i> <small>Seeley, 1905 </small></li><li><i>Procolophon sphenorhinus</i> <small>Seeley, 1905 </small></li><li><i>Procolophon baini</i> <small>Broom, 1905 </small></li><li><i>Procolophonoides baini</i> <small>Ivachnenko, 1979 </small></li><li><i>Procolophon pricei</i> <small>Lavina, 1983 </small></li><li><i>Procolophon brasiliensis</i> <small>Cisneros & Schultz, 2002</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Procolophon</b></i> (from <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">πρό</span> <span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">pró</i></span>, 'before' and <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">κολοφών</span> <span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">kolophṓn</i></span>, 'summit')<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of lizard-like <a href="/wiki/Procolophonidae" title="Procolophonidae">procolophonid</a> <a href="/wiki/Parareptilia" title="Parareptilia">parareptiles</a> that first appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Early_Triassic" title="Early Triassic">Early Triassic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Induan" title="Induan">Induan</a>) of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a>. It persisted through the <a href="/wiki/Permian%E2%80%93Triassic_extinction_event" title="Permian–Triassic extinction event">Permian–Triassic extinction event</a>, but went extinct in the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Anisian" title="Anisian">Early Middle Triassic</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a> is <i>P. trigoniceps</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_discovery">History of discovery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procolophon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of discovery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first <i>Procolophon</i> fossil was discovered in the 1870s in Donnybrook, an area southwest of <a href="/wiki/Pietermaritzburg" title="Pietermaritzburg">Pietermaritzburg</a> in present-day <a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">Kwa-Zulu Natal</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossil</a> was accessioned to <a href="/wiki/Harry_Seeley" title="Harry Seeley">Harry Seeley</a>, who described the <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossil</a> in 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous other fossils have been recovered since from localities across the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cape" title="Eastern Cape">Eastern Cape</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_State_(province)" title="Free State (province)">Free State</a> provinces of <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procolophon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Procolophon_trigoniceps.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Procolophon_trigoniceps.jpg/220px-Procolophon_trigoniceps.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Procolophon_trigoniceps.jpg/330px-Procolophon_trigoniceps.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Procolophon_trigoniceps.jpg/440px-Procolophon_trigoniceps.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2900" data-file-height="2321" /></a><figcaption>Fossil</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Procolophon</i> reached a length up to 30 centimetres (12 in), and is considered to have been a small <a href="/wiki/Herbivore" title="Herbivore">herbivore</a> or <a href="/wiki/Insectivore" title="Insectivore">insectivore</a>. The skull of <i>Procolophon</i> is distinct because of its latero-posteriorly facing paired cheek spikes, along with spiked dermal <a href="/wiki/Ossicles" title="Ossicles">ossicles</a>. Paleontologists debate the function of the cheek spikes. Some paleontologists posit that the bony protrusions were points for muscle attachments. <i>Procolophon</i> also had large eyes, and may have had acute night vision. Its teeth were peg-like and suitable for crushing plant matter. The front of the <a href="/wiki/Skull" title="Skull">skull</a> was short and blunt with the nasal opening very close to the mouth.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification">Classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procolophon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Procolophon</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Basal_(phylogenetics)" title="Basal (phylogenetics)">basal</a> member of <a href="/wiki/Procolophonidae" title="Procolophonidae">Procolophonidae</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">clade</a> of <a href="/wiki/Parareptilia" title="Parareptilia">parareptiles</a> that are closely related to larger, more <a href="/wiki/Derived_(phylogenetics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Derived (phylogenetics)">derived</a> parareptiles such as the <a href="/wiki/Pareiasaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Pareiasaur">pareiasaur</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bradysaurus" title="Bradysaurus">Bradysaurus</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Procolophonidae" title="Procolophonidae">Procolophonids</a> are also related to <a href="/wiki/Mesosauridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesosauridae">mesosaurids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Millerettidae" title="Millerettidae">millerettids</a>. <i>Procolophon</i> was considered to share a <a href="/wiki/Sister_taxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister taxon">sister-taxon</a> relationship with <i><a href="/wiki/Tichvinskia" title="Tichvinskia">Tichvinskia</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Procolophonidae" title="Procolophonidae">procolophonid</a> from the lower <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cladogram" title="Cladogram">cladogram</a> below follows a <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_analysis" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogenetic analysis">phylogenetic analysis</a> by Modesto and Damiani (2007) in which <i>Procolophon</i> is defined in <a href="/wiki/Polytomy" title="Polytomy">polytomy</a> with <i><a href="/wiki/Thelerpeton" title="Thelerpeton">Thelerpeton</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Leptopleuroninae" title="Leptopleuroninae">Leptopleuroninae</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-Modesto2007_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Modesto2007-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade" style="font-size:85%;line-height:85%"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Procolophonoidea" title="Procolophonoidea">Procolophonoidea</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Owenettidae" title="Owenettidae">Owenettidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Owenetta_rubidgei" class="mw-redirect" title="Owenetta rubidgei">Owenetta rubidgei</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Barasaurus" title="Barasaurus">Barasaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Owenetta_kitchingorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Owenetta kitchingorum">"Owenetta" kitchingorum</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Candelaria_(reptile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Candelaria (reptile)">Candelaria</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Procolophonidae" title="Procolophonidae">Procolophonidae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Coletta_(reptile)" title="Coletta (reptile)">Coletta</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Sauropareion" title="Sauropareion">Sauropareion</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Contritosaurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Contritosaurus">Contritosaurus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><b>Procolophon</b></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Thelerpeton" title="Thelerpeton">Thelerpeton</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Leptopleuroninae" title="Leptopleuroninae">Leptopleuroninae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Tichvinskia" title="Tichvinskia">Tichvinskia</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Scoloparia" title="Scoloparia">Scoloparia</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Leptopleuron" title="Leptopleuron">Leptopleuron</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Hypsognathus" title="Hypsognathus">Hypsognathus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>In their <a href="/wiki/Phylogenetic_analyses" class="mw-redirect" title="Phylogenetic analyses">phylogenetic analyses</a>, Butler <i>et al</i>. (2023) defined <i>Procolophon</i> as a sister taxon to <i><a href="/wiki/Teratophon" title="Teratophon">Teratophon</a></i> and <i>Thelerpeton</i> or only to <i>Teratophon</i> within <a href="/wiki/Procolophoninae" title="Procolophoninae">Procolophoninae</a>. The results are shown in two cladograms below:<sup id="cite_ref-Butler2023_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butler2023-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation" style="width: 95%;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"><b>Analyses 1 and 3:</b> Strict consensus of 760 and 18 most parsimonious trees (MPTs).<div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Procolophoninae" title="Procolophoninae">Procolophoninae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Teratophon" title="Teratophon">Teratophon</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Thelerpeton" title="Thelerpeton">Thelerpeton</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><b>Procolophon</b></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"><b>Analysis 2:</b> Single MPT.<div class="clade"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Procolophoninae" title="Procolophoninae">Procolophoninae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Eumetabolodon" title="Eumetabolodon">Eumetabolodon bathycephalus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Thelerpeton" title="Thelerpeton">Thelerpeton</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Teratophon" title="Teratophon">Teratophon</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><i><b>Procolophon</b></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Correlation">Correlation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procolophon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Correlation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Procolophon</i> occupied a wide geographic range. Fossils of the genus were found in the <a href="/wiki/Lystrosaurus_Assemblage_Zone" title="Lystrosaurus Assemblage Zone"><i>Lystrosaurus</i> Assemblage Zone</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Katberg_Formation" title="Katberg Formation">Katberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Normandien_Formation" title="Normandien Formation">Normandien Formations</a> of South Africa, to the <a href="/wiki/Sanga_do_Cabral_Formation" title="Sanga do Cabral Formation">Sanga do Cabral Formation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_Basin" title="Paraná Basin">Paraná Basin</a> in eastern <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the <a href="/wiki/Fremouw_Formation" title="Fremouw Formation">Fremouw Formation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Transantarctic_Mountains" title="Transantarctic Mountains">Transantarctic Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sister_taxa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister taxa">sister taxa</a> are also found in the lower <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Induan" title="Induan">Induan</a>) of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procolophon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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"Cranial osteology of Hypsognathus fenneri, a latest Triassic procolophonid reptile from the Newark Supergroup of eastern North America". <i>Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology</i>. <b>20</b> (2): 275–284. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1671%2F0272-4634%282000%29020%5B0275%3ACOOHFA%5D2.0.CO%3B2">10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0275:COOHFA]2.0.CO;2</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17669446">17669446</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Vertebrate+Paleontology&rft.atitle=Cranial+osteology+of+Hypsognathus+fenneri%2C+a+latest+Triassic+procolophonid+reptile+from+the+Newark+Supergroup+of+eastern+North+America&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=275-284&rft.date=2000-06-27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1671%2F0272-4634%282000%29020%5B0275%3ACOOHFA%5D2.0.CO%3B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A17669446%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Sues&rft.aufirst=Hans-Dieter&rft.au=Olsen%2C+Paul+E.&rft.au=Scott%2C+Diane+M.&rft.au=Spencer%2C+Patrick+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AProcolophon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Procolophon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuan_Carlos_Cisneros2008" class="citation journal cs1">Juan Carlos Cisneros (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/21dc9e41-c37f-427a-a09e-81e55c08cac4/content">"Taxonomic status of the reptile genus <i>Procolophon</i> from the Gondwanan Triassic"</a>. <i>Palaeontologia Africana</i>. <b>43</b>: 7–17. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0078-8554">0078-8554</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240214144308/https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/21dc9e41-c37f-427a-a09e-81e55c08cac4/content">Archived</a> from the original on 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.navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Procolophonia" title="Template:Procolophonia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Procolophonia" title="Template talk:Procolophonia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Procolophonia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Procolophonia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Procolophonia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Procolophonia" title="Procolophonia">Procolophonia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="*_Kingdom:_Animalia_*_Phylum:_Chordata_*_Superclass:_Tetrapoda_*_Clade:_Amniota_*_Class:_Sauropsida" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Superclass: <a href="/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod">Tetrapoda</a></li> <li><i>Clade</i>: <a href="/wiki/Amniote" title="Amniote">Amniota</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></li></ul> </span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sauropsida" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see <a href="/wiki/Template:Sauropsida" title="Template:Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Procolophonia" title="Procolophonia">Procolophonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><ul><li>see below↓</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #ddddff; font-size:115%"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Procolophonia" title="Procolophonia">Procolophonia</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nyctiphruretidae?" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nyctiphruretidae" title="Nyctiphruretidae">Nyctiphruretidae</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abyssomedon" title="Abyssomedon">Abyssomedon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nyctiphruretus" title="Nyctiphruretus">Nyctiphruretus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elginia_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Elginia mirabilis"><img alt="Elginia mirabilis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Elginia_BW.jpg/140px-Elginia_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Elginia_BW.jpg/210px-Elginia_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Elginia_BW.jpg/280px-Elginia_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="534" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hypsognathus_BW.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hypsognathus fenneri"><img alt="Hypsognathus fenneri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hypsognathus_BW.jpg/140px-Hypsognathus_BW.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hypsognathus_BW.jpg/210px-Hypsognathus_BW.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Hypsognathus_BW.jpg/280px-Hypsognathus_BW.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="354" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Pareiasauromorpha" title="Pareiasauromorpha">Pareiasauromorpha</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanosuchidae" title="Lanthanosuchidae">Lanthanosuchidae</a>?</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chalcosaurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chalcosaurus (page does not exist)">Chalcosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lanthaniscus" title="Lanthaniscus">Lanthaniscus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lanthanosuchus" title="Lanthanosuchus">Lanthanosuchus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nycteroleteridae" title="Nycteroleteridae">Nycteroleteridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bashkyroleter" title="Bashkyroleter">Bashkyroleter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Emeroleter" title="Emeroleter">Emeroleter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macroleter" title="Macroleter">Macroleter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nycteroleter" title="Nycteroleter">Nycteroleter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhipaeosaurus" title="Rhipaeosaurus">Rhipaeosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pareiasaur" class="mw-redirect" title="Pareiasaur">Pareiasauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bradysaurus" title="Bradysaurus">Bradysaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bunostegos" title="Bunostegos">Bunostegos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deltavjatia" title="Deltavjatia">Deltavjatia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Embrithosaurus" title="Embrithosaurus">Embrithosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nochelesaurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Nochelesaurus">Nochelesaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Parasaurus" title="Parasaurus">Parasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senectosaurus" title="Senectosaurus">Senectosaurus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pumiliopareiasauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Pumiliopareiasauria">Pumiliopareiasauria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anthodon_(reptile)" title="Anthodon (reptile)">Anthodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nanoparia" title="Nanoparia">Nanoparia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Provelosaurus" title="Provelosaurus">Provelosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pumiliopareia" title="Pumiliopareia">Pumiliopareia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Therischia" class="mw-redirect" title="Therischia">Therischia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Arganaceras" title="Arganaceras">Arganaceras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elginia" title="Elginia">Elginia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Obirkovia" title="Obirkovia">Obirkovia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pareiasaurus" title="Pareiasaurus">Pareiasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sanchuansaurus" title="Sanchuansaurus">Sanchuansaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scutosaurus" title="Scutosaurus">Scutosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shihtienfenia" title="Shihtienfenia">Shihtienfenia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="position: absolute; transform: translate(-50%,-50%) rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Procolophonoidea" title="Procolophonoidea">Procolophonoidea</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Owenettidae" title="Owenettidae">Owenettidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Barasaurus" title="Barasaurus">Barasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Candelaria_barbouri" title="Candelaria barbouri">Candelaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Owenetta" title="Owenetta">Owenetta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ruhuhuaria" title="Ruhuhuaria">Ruhuhuaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saurodektes" title="Saurodektes">Saurodektes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Procolophonidae" title="Procolophonidae">Procolophonidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Coartaredens" title="Coartaredens">Coartaredens</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coletta_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coletta (genus)">Coletta</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eomurruna" title="Eomurruna">Eomurruna</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gomphiosauridion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gomphiosauridion (page does not exist)">Gomphiosauridion</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kinelia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kinelia (page does not exist)">Kinelia</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitchingnathus" title="Kitchingnathus">Kitchingnathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lasasaurus" title="Lasasaurus">Lasasaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oryporan" title="Oryporan">Oryporan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phaanthosaurus" title="Phaanthosaurus">Phaanthosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pintosaurus" title="Pintosaurus">Pintosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sauropareion" title="Sauropareion">Sauropareion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smilodonterpeton" title="Smilodonterpeton">Smilodonterpeton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sphenosaurus" title="Sphenosaurus">Sphenosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spondylolestes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spondylolestes (page does not exist)">Spondylolestes</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suchonosaurus" title="Suchonosaurus">Suchonosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theledectes" title="Theledectes">Theledectes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tichvinskia" title="Tichvinskia">Tichvinskia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tricuspisaurus" title="Tricuspisaurus">Tricuspisaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xenodiphyodon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xenodiphyodon (page does not exist)">Xenodiphyodon</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Youngetta" title="Youngetta">Youngetta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leptopleuroninae" title="Leptopleuroninae">Leptopleuroninae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Basileosaurus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basileosaurus (page does not exist)">Basileosaurus</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cornualbus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cornualbus (page does not exist)">Cornualbus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hwiccewyrm" title="Hwiccewyrm">Hwiccewyrm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hypsognathus" title="Hypsognathus">Hypsognathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koiloskiosaurus" title="Koiloskiosaurus">Koiloskiosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leptopleuron" title="Leptopleuron">Leptopleuron</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Libognathus" title="Libognathus">Libognathus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mandaphon" title="Mandaphon">Mandaphon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neoprocolophon" title="Neoprocolophon">Neoprocolophon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pentaedrusaurus" title="Pentaedrusaurus">Pentaedrusaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phonodus" title="Phonodus">Phonodus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sclerosaurus" title="Sclerosaurus">Sclerosaurus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scoloparia" title="Scoloparia">Scoloparia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soturnia" title="Soturnia">Soturnia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Procolophoninae" title="Procolophoninae">Procolophoninae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anomoiodon" title="Anomoiodon">Anomoiodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burtensia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burtensia (page does not exist)">Burtensia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eumetabolodon" title="Eumetabolodon">Eumetabolodon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Insulophon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Insulophon (page does not exist)">Insulophon</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kapes_(genus)" title="Kapes (genus)">Kapes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lestanshoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lestanshoria (page does not exist)">Lestanshoria</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orenburgia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orenburgia (page does not exist)">Orenburgia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Procolina" title="Procolina">Procolina</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Procolophon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samaria_(reptile)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samaria (reptile) (page does not exist)">Samaria</a></i>?</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teratophon" title="Teratophon">Teratophon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thelephon" title="Thelephon">Thelephon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thelerpeton" title="Thelerpeton">Thelerpeton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Timanophon" title="Timanophon">Timanophon</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Procolophon</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146092" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q146092">Q146092</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/4530596">4530596</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/4823681">4823681</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1205880">1205880</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=4946191">4946191</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=37541">37541</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style 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appearances">Lopingian first appearances</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Late_Triassic_extinctions" title="Category:Late Triassic extinctions">Late Triassic extinctions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Late_Triassic_reptiles_of_Africa" title="Category:Late Triassic reptiles of Africa">Late Triassic reptiles of Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Triassic_South_Africa" title="Category:Triassic South Africa">Triassic South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fossils_of_South_Africa" title="Category:Fossils of South Africa">Fossils of South Africa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Beaufort_Group" title="Category:Beaufort Group">Beaufort Group</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prehistoric_reptiles_of_Antarctica" title="Category:Prehistoric reptiles of Antarctica">Prehistoric reptiles of Antarctica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Triassic_Antarctica" title="Category:Triassic Antarctica">Triassic Antarctica</a></li><li><a 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