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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antiquity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Antiquity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-German_and_Japanese_occupations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#German_and_Japanese_occupations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>German and Japanese occupations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-German_and_Japanese_occupations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Qingdao_city_planning_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qingdao_city_planning_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Qingdao city planning and development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qingdao_city_planning_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1898–1914" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1898–1914"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>1898–1914</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1898–1914-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1914–1922" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1914–1922"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>1914–1922</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1914–1922-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1922–1938" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1922–1938"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.3</span> <span>1922–1938</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1922–1938-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1938–1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1938–1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.4</span> <span>1938–1945</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1938–1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postwar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postwar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Postwar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postwar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industrial_zones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_zones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Industrial zones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_zones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Haiwan_Bridge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Haiwan_Bridge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>Haiwan Bridge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Haiwan_Bridge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Marine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Aviation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intercity_rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intercity_rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Intercity rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intercity_rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Public transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metro[74]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metro[74]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.1</span> <span>Metro<sup><span>[</span>74<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metro[74]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tramway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tramway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5.2</span> <span>Tramway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tramway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Movies_shot_in_Qingdao" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movies_shot_in_Qingdao"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Movies shot in Qingdao</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movies_shot_in_Qingdao-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Western_Shinan_district" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Shinan_district"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Western Shinan district</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_Shinan_district-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eastern_Shinan_district" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eastern_Shinan_district"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Eastern Shinan district</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eastern_Shinan_district-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laoshan_district" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laoshan_district"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Laoshan district</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laoshan_district-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>International schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secondary_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secondary_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Secondary schools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secondary_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sports subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stadiums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stadiums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Stadiums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stadiums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008_Olympic_Summer_Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008_Olympic_Summer_Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>2008 Olympic Summer Games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008_Olympic_Summer_Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorsport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorsport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Motorsport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorsport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Qingdao</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 93 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-93" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">93 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88" title="تشينغداو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تشينغداو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindao" title="Sindao – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sindao" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93" title="ছিংতাও – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ছিংতাও" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chheng-t%C3%B3-chh%C4%AB" title="Chheng-tó-chhī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chheng-tó-chhī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B0" title="Ціндаа – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ціндаа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Циндао – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Циндао" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཆིང་ཏའོ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཆིང་ཏའོ་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Циндао – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Циндао" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsingtao" title="Tsingtao – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tsingtao" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Циндао – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Циндао" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao_(kapital_sa_prepektura_sa_Pangmasang_Republika_sa_T%C5%9Bina)" title="Qingdao (kapital sa prepektura sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Qingdao (kapital sa prepektura sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tśina)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cching-tao" title="Čching-tao – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čching-tao" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao_Shi" title="Qingdao Shi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Qingdao Shi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BF" title="Τσινγκτάο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τσινγκτάο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88ingda%C5%ADo" title="Ĉingdaŭo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉingdaŭo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="چینگ‌دائو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چینگ‌دائو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B3%B6" title="青島 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="青島" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%AD%EB%8B%A4%EC%98%A4%EC%8B%9C" title="칭다오시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칭다오시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B8" title="Ցինդաո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցինդաո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93" title="चिंगदाओ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चिंगदाओ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Циндао – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Циндао" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsingtao" title="Tsingtao – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tsingtao" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93%D7%90%D7%95" title="צ'ינגדאו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'ינגדאו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D" title="ცინდაო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცინდაო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Циндао – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Циндао" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cjindao" title="Cjindao – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cjindao" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cingdao" title="Čingdao – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Čingdao" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csingtao" title="Csingtao – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csingtao" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Ќингдао – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ќингдао" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93" title="छिंगदाओ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="छिंगदाओ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88" title="تشينجداو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تشينجداو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="چینگ‌تائو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="چینگ‌تائو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C4%ADng-d%C5%8D%CC%A4" title="Chĭng-dō̤ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chĭng-dō̤" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Чиндао – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чиндао" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ချင်းတောင်မြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ချင်းတောင်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B3%B6%E5%B8%82" title="青島市 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="青島市" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Циндао – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Циндао" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindao" title="Sindao – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sindao" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93" title="ਕਿੰਗਦਾਓ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਿੰਗਦਾਓ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A4" title="چینگداؤ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چینگداؤ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Циндао – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Циндао" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Циндао – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Циндао" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cching-tao" title="Čching-tao – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čching-tao" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cingdao" title="Čingdao – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Čingdao" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Ћингдао – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ћингдао" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%8B" title="குயிங்தவோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குயிங்தவோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Чиңдау – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чиңдау" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2" title="ชิงเต่า – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชิงเต่า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ingdao" title="Çingdao – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çingdao" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Циндао – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Циндао" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%86%DA%AF%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%A4" title="چنگڈاؤ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چنگڈاؤ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%89%DA%AD%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8B_%D8%B4%DB%95%DA%BE%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="چىڭداۋ شەھىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="چىڭداۋ شەھىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinghdauj" title="Cinghdauj – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cinghdauj" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cindao" title="Cindao – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Cindao" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanh_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3o" title="Thanh Đảo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thanh Đảo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B3%B6%E5%B8%82" title="青島市 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="青島市" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Qingdao" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%B8%82" title="青岛市 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="青岛市" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B3%B6" title="青島 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="青島" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%B8%82" title="青岛市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="青岛市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8ngto" title="Cèngto – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Cèngto" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Qingdao&params=36.0669_N_120.3827_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-SD-02_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°04′01″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°22′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.0669°N 120.3827°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.0669; 120.3827</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Shandong, China</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Prefecture-level and Sub-provincial city in Shandong, China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Qingdao</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="zh-Hans">青岛市</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Tsingtao</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">Sub-provincial city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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.trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:262px;max-width:262px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div style=";height:145px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E6%B5%AE%E5%B1%B1%E6%B9%BE%E6%97%A5%E6%99%AF%E6%98%A5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E6%B5%AE%E5%B1%B1%E6%B9%BE%E6%97%A5%E6%99%AF%E6%98%A5.jpg/258px-%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E6%B5%AE%E5%B1%B1%E6%B9%BE%E6%97%A5%E6%99%AF%E6%98%A5.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E6%B5%AE%E5%B1%B1%E6%B9%BE%E6%97%A5%E6%99%AF%E6%98%A5.jpg/387px-%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E6%B5%AE%E5%B1%B1%E6%B9%BE%E6%97%A5%E6%99%AF%E6%98%A5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E6%B5%AE%E5%B1%B1%E6%B9%BE%E6%97%A5%E6%99%AF%E6%98%A5.jpg/516px-%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E6%B5%AE%E5%B1%B1%E6%B9%BE%E6%97%A5%E6%99%AF%E6%98%A5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="2080" /></a></span></div><div>Skyline of Qingdao</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:130px;max-width:130px"><div style=";height:85px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:51367-Qingdao_(xiquinhosilva)_-_Flickr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/51367-Qingdao_%28xiquinhosilva%29_-_Flickr.jpg/128px-51367-Qingdao_%28xiquinhosilva%29_-_Flickr.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/51367-Qingdao_%28xiquinhosilva%29_-_Flickr.jpg/192px-51367-Qingdao_%28xiquinhosilva%29_-_Flickr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/51367-Qingdao_%28xiquinhosilva%29_-_Flickr.jpg/256px-51367-Qingdao_%28xiquinhosilva%29_-_Flickr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/May_Fourth_Square" title="May Fourth Square">May Fourth Square</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div style=";height:85px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%B1%E7%9F%B3%E6%A5%BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%B1%E7%9F%B3%E6%A5%BC.jpg/126px-%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%B1%E7%9F%B3%E6%A5%BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%B1%E7%9F%B3%E6%A5%BC.jpg/189px-%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%B1%E7%9F%B3%E6%A5%BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%B1%E7%9F%B3%E6%A5%BC.jpg/252px-%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%B1%E7%9F%B3%E6%A5%BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3180" data-file-height="2156" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Badaguan" title="Badaguan">Badaguan</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:98px;max-width:98px"><div style=";height:118px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png/96px-St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png/144px-St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png/192px-St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="820" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cathedral,_Qingdao" title="St. Michael's Cathedral, Qingdao">St. Michael's Cathedral</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:160px;max-width:160px"><div style=";height:118px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tsingdao_Brewery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tsingdao_Brewery.jpg/158px-Tsingdao_Brewery.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tsingdao_Brewery.jpg/237px-Tsingdao_Brewery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tsingdao_Brewery.jpg/316px-Tsingdao_Brewery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Tsingtao_Beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsingtao Beer">Tsingtao Beer</a> Museum</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container floatright" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="6" data-lat="36.34" data-lon="120.36" data-overlays="["_cb91cb781ccd644a3ebc9eb752451cd4466fc849"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/6/36.34/120.36/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,36.34,120.36,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Qingdao&revid=1258082870&groups=_cb91cb781ccd644a3ebc9eb752451cd4466fc849" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,36.34,120.36,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Qingdao&revid=1258082870&groups=_cb91cb781ccd644a3ebc9eb752451cd4466fc849 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChinaShandongQingdao.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Qingdao City jurisdiction in Shandong"><img alt="Location of Qingdao City jurisdiction in Shandong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/ChinaShandongQingdao.png/250px-ChinaShandongQingdao.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/ChinaShandongQingdao.png/375px-ChinaShandongQingdao.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/ChinaShandongQingdao.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="352" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Qingdao City jurisdiction in Shandong</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Qingdao is located in China"><img alt="Qingdao is located in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="408" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.882%;left:76.724%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Qingdao"><img alt="Qingdao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Qingdao</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of the municipal government</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of China</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Qingdao_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Qingdao is located in Qingdao"><img alt="Qingdao is located in Qingdao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/China_Qingdao_location_map.svg/250px-China_Qingdao_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/China_Qingdao_location_map.svg/375px-China_Qingdao_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/China_Qingdao_location_map.svg/500px-China_Qingdao_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="884" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:68.07%;left:57.685%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Qingdao"><img alt="Qingdao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Qingdao</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Qingdao (Qingdao)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Qingdao</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_Shandong_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Qingdao is located in Shandong"><img alt="Qingdao is located in Shandong" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/China_Shandong_adm_location_map.svg/250px-China_Shandong_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/China_Shandong_adm_location_map.svg/375px-China_Shandong_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/China_Shandong_adm_location_map.svg/500px-China_Shandong_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1162" data-file-height="756" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:56.584%;left:69.301%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Qingdao"><img alt="Qingdao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Qingdao</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Qingdao (Shandong)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Shandong</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates (Qingdao municipal government): <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Qingdao&params=36.0669_N_120.3827_E_type:adm2nd_region:CN-SD-02_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°04′01″N</span> <span class="longitude">120°22′58″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.0669°N 120.3827°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.0669; 120.3827</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Province_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of China">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Kiautschou_Bay_concession" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiautschou Bay concession">Lease to Germany</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6 March 1898</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">Japanese occupation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7 November 1914</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Naval_Conference" title="Washington Naval Conference">Return to China</a></th><td class="infobox-data">10 December 1922</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Japanese Occupation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">10 January 1938</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">Return to China</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15 August 1945</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Municipal seat</th><td class="infobox-data">11, Xianggang Middle Rd, <a href="/wiki/Shinan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinan District">Shinan District</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial city</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao_Municipal_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qingdao Municipal People's Congress (page does not exist)">Qingdao Municipal People's Congress</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party_Committee_Secretary" title="Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary">CCP Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Lu Zhiyuan</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao_Municipal_People%27s_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qingdao Municipal People's Congress (page does not exist)">Congress</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Wang Luming</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Zhao Haozhi</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chinese_People%27s_Political_Consultative_Conference" title="Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference">CPPCC</a> Chairman</th><td class="infobox-data">Yang Jun</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">Sub-provincial city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">11,228.4 km<sup>2</sup> (4,335.3 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">11,228.4 km<sup>2</sup> (4,335.3 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,171.4 km<sup>2</sup> (1,996.7 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,171.4 km<sup>2</sup> (1,996.7 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020 census)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">Sub-provincial city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">10,071,722</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">900/km<sup>2</sup> (2,300/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,172,451</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,400/km<sup>2</sup> (3,600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,172,451</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,400/km<sup>2</sup> (3,600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">Sub-provincial city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CN¥</a> 1.200 trillion<br /><a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a> 181.4 billion</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">CN¥ 128,459<br />US$ 19,412</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+8">UTC+8</a> (<a href="/wiki/China_standard_time" class="mw-redirect" title="China standard time">China Standard</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_code_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Postal code of China">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">266000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0532</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CN" title="ISO 3166-2:CN">CN-SD-02</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Licence_plates_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Licence plates of the People's Republic of China">License Plate</a> Prefix</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-CN">鲁B</span></span> & <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-CN">鲁U</span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coastline" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastline">Coastline</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>862.64 km (536.02 mi)</li> <li><small>(inclusive of offshore islands)</small></li> <li>730.64 km (454.00 mi)</li> <li><small>(exclusive of islands)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major <a href="/wiki/Nationalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalities of China">Nationalities</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han</a>: 99.86%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/County-level_division" class="mw-redirect" title="County-level division">County-level divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">10</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Climate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">Dwa</a>/<a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">Cwa</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.qingdao.gov.cn">qingdao.gov.cn</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Symbols</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="height:0px"></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Flower</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rosa_chinensis" title="Rosa chinensis">China rose</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Camellia_japonica" title="Camellia japonica">Camellia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tree</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cedrus" title="Cedrus">Cedrus</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Qingdao</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Qingdao_(Chinese_characters).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Qingdao_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/100px-Qingdao_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Qingdao_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/150px-Qingdao_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Qingdao_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg/200px-Qingdao_%28Chinese_characters%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="251" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">"Qingdao" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters</div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">青岛</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">青島</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_postal_romanization" title="Chinese postal romanization">Postal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Tsingtao</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">"<a href="/wiki/Qing_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing (color)">Qing (color)</a> Island"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Qīngdǎo</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data">[ㄑㄧㄥㄉㄠˇ] <span style="color:#d33">Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (<a href="/wiki/Category:Transliteration_template_errors" title="Category:Transliteration template errors">help</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Chingdao</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Chʻ<span>ing<sup>1</sup>-tao<sup>3</sup></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Cingdǎo</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Mandarin" title="Yale romanization of Mandarin">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Chīngdǎu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">MPS2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Chīngdǎu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[tɕʰíŋ.tàʊ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/07\/Zh-Qingdao.ogg\/Zh-Qingdao.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-Qingdao.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/Zh-Qingdao.ogg/Zh-Qingdao.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-Qingdao.ogg" title="File:Zh-Qingdao.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Chīng-dóu</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">cing1 dou2</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">IPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn"><span class="IPA" lang="yue-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">[tsʰɪŋ˥.tɔw˧˥]</a></span></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Chheng-tó</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_Romanization_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese Romanization System">Tâi-lô</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Tsheng-tó</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">German name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Tsingtau</i></span></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Qingdao</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Qingdao Mandarin: t͡ɕʰiŋ˧˩ tɒ˥) is a <a href="/wiki/Prefecture" title="Prefecture">prefecture</a>-level city in the eastern <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Province</a> of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. Located on China's <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a> coast, Qingdao was founded in 1891 to support coastal defence fortifications.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1897, the city was ceded to Germany. For the Germans Qingdao (Tsingtau) was a strategic trade center, port and base for its <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Squadron" title="East Asia Squadron">East Asia Squadron</a>, allowing the German navy to project dominance in the Pacific.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1914, following the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Japan occupied the city and the surrounding province during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Siege of Tsingtao</a>. In 1915, China agreed to recognize Japan's special position in the territory through what became known as the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-One_Demands" title="Twenty-One Demands">Twenty-One Demands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1918, the Chinese government, under the control of the warlord <a href="/wiki/Duan_Qirui" title="Duan Qirui">Duan Qirui</a>, secretly agreed to Japanese terms in exchange for a loan. Following the First World War, during the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a>, Japan secured agreements with the Allied powers to recognize its claim to the areas in Shandong, which included Qingdao, previously occupied by Germany. In 1922, Shandong reverted to Chinese control following the United States' mediation during the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Naval_Conference" title="Washington Naval Conference">Washington Naval Conference</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, Qingdao is a major nodal city of the <a href="/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative" title="Belt and Road Initiative">Belt and Road Initiative</a> (BRI) that connects Continental and East Asia with Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has the highest GDP of any city in the province. </p><p>Administered at the <a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city">sub-provincial level</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qingdao has jurisdiction over seven districts and three county-level cities (<a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_City" title="Jiaozhou City">Jiaozhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pingdu" title="Pingdu">Pingdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laixi" title="Laixi">Laixi</a>). As of the 2020 census, Qingdao built-up (or metro) area made of the seven urban districts (<a href="/wiki/Shinan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinan District">Shinan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shibei_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shibei District">Shibei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Huangdao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangdao District">Huangdao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laoshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laoshan District">Laoshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Licang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Licang District">Licang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chengyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chengyang District">Chengyang</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jimo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo District">Jimo</a>) was home to 7,172,451 inhabitants, making it the 15th largest city in China by population.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lying across the <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a> and looking out to the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a>, it borders the <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecture-level cities">prefecture-level cities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a> to the northeast, Weifang<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the west and <a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a> to the southwest.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Qingdao is a major <a href="/wiki/Seaport" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaport">seaport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naval_base" title="Naval base">naval base</a>, as well as a commercial and <a href="/wiki/Financial_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial center">financial center</a>. It is home to electronics multinationals such as <a href="/wiki/Haier" title="Haier">Haier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hisense" title="Hisense">Hisense</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bay_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiaozhou Bay Bridge">Jiaozhou Bay Bridge</a>, links the main urban area of Qingdao with <a href="/wiki/Huangdao" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangdao">Huangdao</a> district, straddling the <a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bay" title="Jiaozhou Bay">Jiaozhou Bay</a> sea areas. Its historic German-style architecture and <a href="/wiki/Tsingtao_Brewery" title="Tsingtao Brewery">Tsingtao Brewery</a>, the second largest brewery in China,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are legacies of the <a href="#German_and_Japanese_occupations">German occupation (1898–1914)</a>. Qingdao is classified as a Large-Port Metropolis.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2020 <a href="/wiki/Global_Financial_Centres_Index" title="Global Financial Centres Index">Global Financial Centers Index</a>, Qingdao ranked 47th; the index is published by the <a href="/wiki/Z/Yen" title="Z/Yen">Z/Yen Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/China_Development_Institute" title="China Development Institute">China Development Institute</a>, the other Chinese cities on the list being <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GFCI2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFCI2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, Qingdao was named as one of China's top ten cities by the Chinese Cities Brand Value Report, which was released at the 2007 Beijing Summit of China Cities Forum.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, Qingdao was named China's most livable city by the Chinese Institute of City Competitiveness.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, Qingdao held the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation" title="Shanghai Cooperation Organisation">Shanghai Cooperation Organisation</a> summit.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, Qingdao was rated as a Gamma+ level <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">global city</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Qingdao is also one of the world's top 50 cities for global scientific research as tracked by the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Index" title="Nature Index">Nature Index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city was also ranked 20th globally in the "Global Top 100 Science & Technology Cluster Cities" rankings based on "publishing and patent performance" as of 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is home to <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Shandong" title="List of universities and colleges in Shandong">several notable universities</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Ocean_University_of_China" title="Ocean University of China">Ocean University of China</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_University_of_Petroleum" title="China University of Petroleum">China University of Petroleum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shandong_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Shandong University of Science and Technology">Shandong University of Science and Technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_University" title="Qingdao University">Qingdao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Qingdao University of Science and Technology">Qingdao University of Science and Technology</a> <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_University_of_Technology" title="Qingdao University of Technology">Qingdao University of Technology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Agricultural_University" title="Qingdao Agricultural University">Qingdao Agricultural</a> University.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Human settlement in the area dates back 6,000 years. The <a href="/wiki/Dongyi" title="Dongyi">Dongyi</a> lived here and created the <a href="/wiki/Dawenkou" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawenkou">Dawenkou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Longshan_culture" title="Longshan culture">Longshan</a> and Dongyeshi cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zhou" title="Eastern Zhou">Eastern Zhou</a> dynasty (770–256 BC), the town of <a href="/wiki/Jimo,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo, Shandong">Jimo</a> was established, which was then the second-largest one in the Shandong region. The area in which Qingdao is located today was named Jiao'ao (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">胶澳</span></span>) when it was administered by the Qing Dynasty on 14 June 1891.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="German_and_Japanese_occupations">German and Japanese occupations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: German and Japanese occupations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Kiautschou_Bay_concession" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiautschou Bay concession">Kiautschou Bay concession</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qingdao-map-1906.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Qingdao-map-1906.jpg/220px-Qingdao-map-1906.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Qingdao-map-1906.jpg/330px-Qingdao-map-1906.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Qingdao-map-1906.jpg/440px-Qingdao-map-1906.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="977" /></a><figcaption>Sketch map of Qingdao, circa 1906</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_116-125-01,_Tsingtau,_Haupttor_des_Artillerielagers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_116-125-01%2C_Tsingtau%2C_Haupttor_des_Artillerielagers.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_116-125-01%2C_Tsingtau%2C_Haupttor_des_Artillerielagers.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_116-125-01%2C_Tsingtau%2C_Haupttor_des_Artillerielagers.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_116-125-01%2C_Tsingtau%2C_Haupttor_des_Artillerielagers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Bundesarchiv_Bild_116-125-01%2C_Tsingtau%2C_Haupttor_des_Artillerielagers.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_116-125-01%2C_Tsingtau%2C_Haupttor_des_Artillerielagers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption>Main gate of former Chinese munitions depot, taken over by the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Imperial German Navy</a>, Kiautschou Bay, Shandong peninsula, 1898</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1891, the Qing Empire decided to make coastal Qingdao (then known as "Jiao'ao") a defense base against naval attacks and began to improve its fortifications. <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Imperial German</a> naval officials observed and reported on this activity during a formal survey of <a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bay" title="Jiaozhou Bay">Jiaozhou Bay</a> in May 1897. In November of that year, the <a href="/wiki/Juye_Incident" title="Juye Incident">Juye Incident</a> would take place, in which three German missionaries were attacked, and two were killed. Subsequently, German troops seized and occupied the fortification.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The preindustrial, waning Qing Empire was forced to concede the area to Germany the following year, and the <a href="/wiki/Kiautschou_Bay_concession" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiautschou Bay concession">Kiautschou Bay concession</a>, as it became known, existed from 1898 to 1914 (Li 2005, p. 81). </p><p>With an area of 552 km<sup>2</sup> (136,000 acres; 213 sq mi), it was located in the imperial province of <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> (<a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese" title="Romanization of Chinese">alternately romanized</a> as <a href="/wiki/Wade-Giles" class="mw-redirect" title="Wade-Giles">Shantung or Shan-tung</a>) on the southern coast of the <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> Peninsula in northern China. Jiaozhou was alternatively romanized as Kiaochow, Kiauchau, or Kiao-Chau in English, and Kiautschou in German; Qingdao was its administrative center. "The so-called <i>Marktstrasse</i> (Market Street) was nothing more than the old main street of the Chinese village of Qingdao, and the buildings lining it were the former homes of fishermen and farmers. Having sold their property, they resettled their homes and fields in the villages further east."<sup id="cite_ref-Matzat1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matzat1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Upon gaining control of the area, the Germans outfitted the impoverished fishing village of Qingdao with wide streets, solid housing areas, government buildings, electrification throughout, a sewer system and a safe drinking water supply, a rarity in large parts of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a> at that time and later.<sup id="cite_ref-Flagge_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flagge-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The area had the highest school density and the highest <i>per capita</i> student enrollment in all of China, with primary, secondary and vocational schools funded by the <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Imperial German</a> treasury and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> missions.<sup id="cite_ref-Flagge_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flagge-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commercial interests established the Germania Brewery in 1903, which later became the world-famous <a href="/wiki/Tsingtao_Brewery" title="Tsingtao Brewery">Tsingtao Brewery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Matzat2_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matzat2-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> German cultural and commercial influences extended to other areas of Shandong Province, including the establishment of diverse commercial enterprises. </p><p>Identified by the German authorities as a strategically important port, Qingdao was administered by the <a href="/wiki/Reichsmarineamt" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichsmarineamt">Imperial Department of the Navy</a> (<i>Reichsmarineamt</i>) rather than the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Colonial_Office" title="Imperial Colonial Office">Imperial Colonial Office</a> (<i>Reichskolonialamt</i>). The growing Imperial German Navy based their <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Squadron" title="East Asia Squadron">East Asia Squadron</a> there, allowing the warships to conduct operations throughout the western <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a>. Beginning in January 1898, the marines of <i><a href="/wiki/Seebataillon" title="Seebataillon">III. Seebataillon</a></i> were based at Qingdao. Construction of the <a href="/wiki/Jiaoji_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiaoji Railway">Jiaoji Railway</a> began on 23 September 1899, and was completed in 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 182px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 180px; height: 258px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -2px; left: -2px; width: 361px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JAPAN-M7-Tsingtao-10_Sen_(1914).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="alt= Japanese military currency * Siege of Tsingtao * 10 sen (1914)"><img alt="alt= Japanese military currency * Siege of Tsingtao * 10 sen (1914)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/JAPAN-M7-Tsingtao-10_Sen_%281914%29.jpg/361px-JAPAN-M7-Tsingtao-10_Sen_%281914%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="361" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/JAPAN-M7-Tsingtao-10_Sen_%281914%29.jpg/542px-JAPAN-M7-Tsingtao-10_Sen_%281914%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/JAPAN-M7-Tsingtao-10_Sen_%281914%29.jpg/722px-JAPAN-M7-Tsingtao-10_Sen_%281914%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4690" data-file-height="3416" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:JAPAN-M7-Tsingtao-10_Sen_(1914).jpg" title="File:JAPAN-M7-Tsingtao-10 Sen (1914).jpg"> </a></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Japanese military currency <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Siege of Tsingtao</a></li> <li>10 sen (1914)</li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Before the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> (1914–1918), ships of the German naval forces under <a href="/wiki/Maximilian_von_Spee" title="Maximilian von Spee">Admiral Count von Spee</a> were located at central Pacific colonies on routine missions. The fleet then rendezvoused in the <a href="/wiki/Marianas_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Marianas Islands">Marianas Islands</a> to plan a transit back to Germany rather than be trapped in the Pacific by more powerful and numerous Allied fleets (British and Japanese).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a minor British naval attack on the German concession in Shandong in 1914, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Empire">Japanese Empire</a> troops occupied the city and the surrounding province during the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Siege of Tsingtao</a> (Qingdao) after Japan's declaration of war on Germany in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Japanese_Alliance" title="Anglo-Japanese Alliance">Anglo-Japanese Alliance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Source_Records_of_the_Great_War,_Vol._III,_ed._Charles_F._Horne,_National_Alumni_1923_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Source_Records_of_the_Great_War,_Vol._III,_ed._Charles_F._Horne,_National_Alumni_1923-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> China protested against Japan's violation of her neutrality but was not able to interfere in the military operations.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Peace Conference, 1919">Paris Peace Conference</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Versailles_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles Treaty">Versailles Treaty</a> negotiations not to restore Chinese rule over the previous foreign concessions in Qingdao after the Great War triggered the <a href="/wiki/May_Fourth_Movement" title="May Fourth Movement">May Fourth Movement</a> (4 May 1919) of anti-imperialism, nationalism and cultural identity in China.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Image-Qingdao_city_map_1912_in_german.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Image-Qingdao_city_map_1912_in_german.png/220px-Image-Qingdao_city_map_1912_in_german.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Image-Qingdao_city_map_1912_in_german.png/330px-Image-Qingdao_city_map_1912_in_german.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Image-Qingdao_city_map_1912_in_german.png/440px-Image-Qingdao_city_map_1912_in_german.png 2x" data-file-width="1585" data-file-height="1184" /></a><figcaption>Map of Qingdao in 1912</figcaption></figure> <p>The city came under Chinese rule in December 1922, under control of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> (R.O.C.) established in 1912 after the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Revolution_(1911)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Revolution (1911)">Chinese Revolution</a> the year before. However, Japan maintained its economic dominance of the railway and the province as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city became a <a href="/wiki/Direct-controlled_municipality" title="Direct-controlled municipality">direct-controlled municipality</a> of the ROC Government in July 1929. </p><p>Japan re-occupied Qingdao in 1938, a year after it expanded the <a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> (1937–1945), (a precursor to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, 1939–1945) with its plans of territorial expansion into China's coast. <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Nationalist (Kuomintang)</a> ROC forces returned after the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Japanese surrender</a> in September 1945. On 2 June 1949, during the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a> and shortly before the founding of the communist <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> on 1 October 1949 the city was taken by Chairman <a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a> and his troops. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qingdao_city_planning_and_development">Qingdao city planning and development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Qingdao city planning and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1898–1914"><span id="1898.E2.80.931914"></span>1898–1914</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1898–1914"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The development of the Qingdao urban space during the German occupation (1898–1914) originated from the port. Mass urban construction began in 1898 with the relocation of Chinese dwellers along the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the completion of such series of mass construction projects such as wharves, the Tsingtao-Jinan Railway Line, Tsingtao Railway Station and locomotive works, a city was starting to take shape.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area had the highest school density and highest per capita student enrollment in all of China, with primary, secondary and vocational schools funded by the Berlin treasury as well as Protestant and Roman Catholic missions.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1910, the Germans drew up for the second time the city planning of Tsingtao (Warner 2001, p. 33). The former urban area was extended four times highlighted by the emphasis on the development of commerce and trade. <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a> (1866–1925), leader of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Revolution_(1911)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Revolution (1911)">Chinese Revolution of 1911</a> and subsequently first president of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a>, visited the Tsingtao area and stated in 1912, "I am impressed. The city is a true model for China's future".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1914–1922"><span id="1914.E2.80.931922"></span>1914–1922</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1914–1922"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The development of Tsingtao urban space continued during the first Japan-occupation period (1914–1922). In 1914, Tsingtao was taken over by the Japanese and served as a base for the exploitation of natural resources of Shandong and northern China. With the development of industry and commerce, a "New City District" was established to furnish the Japanese colonists with commercial sections and living quarters, which suggested a striking contrast to the shabby houses in the local Chinese zones (Li 2007, p. 133). In the meantime, several schools, hospitals, and public buildings were constructed, followed by urban streets and intercity highways as well. The urban spatial layout continued to expand northward along the east bay area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1922–1938"><span id="1922.E2.80.931938"></span>1922–1938</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1922–1938"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The development of Tsingtao urban space during the ROC-ruled period (1922–1938). This period saw the substantial progress of the urban development of Tsingtao. The government engaged itself in mass construction that gave birth to villa districts at the beach and bank groups in CBD. Plenty of public buildings and facilities for entertainment and sports were completed. By the year 1937, the urban population numbered 385,000(Lu 2001, p. 327). Tsingtao consequently distinguished itself as a prominent holiday resort and summer retreat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1938–1945"><span id="1938.E2.80.931945"></span>1938–1945</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1938–1945"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The development of Tsingtao urban space during the second Japan-occupied period (1938–1945). Japanese armed forces returned to Tsingtao in 1938 and started to strive for the construction of the Greater Tsingtao in the following June. Accordingly, they worked out the city planning of the Greater Tsingtao and the City Planning of the Mother Town (Tsingtao City Proper), even though they had not had the opportunity to actualize either, respectively. The period in question did not witness much urban progress except for the logical construction of No. 6 Wharf, some Japanese residences, and a small number of roads and streets (Lu 2001, p. 339). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postwar">Postwar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Postwar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After World War II, the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">KMT</a> allowed Qingdao to serve as the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Seventh_Fleet" title="United States Seventh Fleet">Western Pacific Fleet</a> of the <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a> in 1945; however, its headquarters were transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> sometime in late 1948. On 2 June 1949, the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of China">CPC</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Red_Army" title="Chinese Red Army">Red Army</a> entered Qingdao and the city and province have been under <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">PRC</a> control since that time. </p><p>Since the 1984 inauguration of China's open-door policy to foreign trade and investment, Qingdao has rapidly developed into an ultramodern port city. It is now the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Fleet" title="North Sea Fleet">Chinese navy's northern fleet</a>. An early example of the open-door policy occurred on 5 November 1984, when three United States Naval vessels visited Qingdao. This was the first US port call to China in more than 37 years. <a href="/wiki/USS_Rentz" title="USS Rentz">USS <i>Rentz</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/USS_Reeves_(DLG-24)" title="USS Reeves (DLG-24)">USS <i>Reeves</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/USS_Oldendorf" title="USS Oldendorf">USS <i>Oldendorf</i></a> and their crews were officially hosted by the Chinese <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy" title="People's Liberation Army Navy">People's Liberation Army Navy</a> (PLAN). </p><p>Northern Qingdao, particularly <a href="/wiki/Shibei_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shibei District">Shibei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Licang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Licang District">Licang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chengyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chengyang District">Chengyang</a> districts, are now major manufacturing centers. The city has recently experienced a strong growth period, with a new central business district created to the east of the older business district. Outside of the center of the city, there is a large industrial zone, which includes chemical processing, rubber, and heavy manufacturing, in addition to a growing high-tech area. Numerous local and national service companies, rather than manufacturers, are based in the city's southern district. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tsingdao_scene.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tsingdao_scene.jpg/220px-Tsingdao_scene.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tsingdao_scene.jpg/330px-Tsingdao_scene.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Tsingdao_scene.jpg/440px-Tsingdao_scene.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1114" data-file-height="730" /></a><figcaption>Image of Qingdao in the early 1900s</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_Hall_of_Qingdao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/City_Hall_of_Qingdao.jpg/220px-City_Hall_of_Qingdao.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/City_Hall_of_Qingdao.jpg/330px-City_Hall_of_Qingdao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/City_Hall_of_Qingdao.jpg/440px-City_Hall_of_Qingdao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>City Hall of Qingdao</figcaption></figure> <p>The sub-provincial city of Qingdao has seven districts (区; qū) and three county-level cities (市; shì):Qingdao City, located in Shandong Province, China, is a prefecture-level city with several aliases, including "Island City" and "Jiaozhou Bay". Qingdao is a vice-provincial-level city, a separately listed city, and recognized as a major city. </p><p>According to the approval of the State Council, Qingdao is designated as an important coastal center city and a coastal resort tourism city in China, as well as an international port city. Qingdao City administers 7 districts and 3 county-level cities. These districts include Shinan District, Shibei District, Huangdao District, Laoshan District, Licang District, Chengyang District, and Jimo District, while the county-level cities consist of Jiaozhou City, Pingdu City, and Laixi City. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font size:90%; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Subdivision</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Simplified Chinese">Simplified</a>)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a> Romanization</th> <th>Admin.<br /> Code<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>Land Area<br />(km<sup>2</sup>)</th> <th>Urbanization<br />Rate (%)</th> <th>Permanent Resident<br />Population ('000s, 2010)</th> <th>Population Density<br />(1/km<sup>2</sup>)</th> <th rowspan="13"><div style="position: relative" class="center"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 450px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Administrative_Division_Qingdao.png/450px-Administrative_Division_Qingdao.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="584" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Administrative_Division_Qingdao.png/675px-Administrative_Division_Qingdao.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Administrative_Division_Qingdao.png/900px-Administrative_Division_Qingdao.png 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="2440" /></span></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:245.32978723404px; top:391.73404255319px"><a href="/wiki/Shinan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinan District"><b>1</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:250.1170212766px; top:372.58510638298px"><a href="/wiki/Shibei_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shibei District"><b>2</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:245.32978723404px; top:348.64893617021px"><a href="/wiki/Licang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Licang District"><b>Licang</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:77.776595744681px; top:463.54255319149px"><a href="/wiki/Huangdao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangdao District"><b>Huangdao<br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><i>Xihai'an</i></span></b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:293.20212765957px; top:336.68085106383px"><a href="/wiki/Laoshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laoshan District"><b>Laoshan</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:207.03191489362px; top:312.74468085106px"><a href="/wiki/Chengyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chengyang District"><b>Chengyang</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:283.62765957447px; top:243.32978723404px"><a href="/wiki/Jimo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo District"><b>Jimo</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:106.5px; top:317.53191489362px"><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_City" title="Jiaozhou City"><b>Jiaozhou<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(city)</span></b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:104.10638297872px; top:130.82978723404px"><a href="/wiki/Pingdu_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Pingdu City"><b>Pingdu<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(city)</span></b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:252.51063829787px; top:109.28723404255px"><a href="/wiki/Laixi_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Laixi City"><b>Laixi<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(city)</span></b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:305.17021276596px; top:434.81914893617px"><a href="/wiki/Shinan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinan District"><b>1. Shinan</b></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:305.17021276596px; top:449.18085106383px"><a href="/wiki/Shinan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinan District"><b>2. Shibei</b></a></div> </div> </div> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8"><a href="/wiki/District_(China)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (China)">Districts</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shinan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinan District">Shinan District</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(city seat)</span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">市南区</span></span></td> <td>Shìnán Qū</td> <td>370202</td> <td>30.01</td> <td>100</td> <td>544.8</td> <td>18153.95 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shibei_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shibei District">Shibei District</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">市北区</span></span></td> <td>Shìběi Qū</td> <td>370203</td> <td>63.18</td> <td>100</td> <td>1020.7</td> <td>16155.43 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Huangdao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangdao District">Huangdao District<br />(Xihai'an New Area)</a></td> <td>黄岛区<br /><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">（西海岸新区）</span></span></td> <td>Huángdǎo Qū<br />(Xīhǎi'àn Xīnqū)</td> <td>370211</td> <td>2220.10</td> <td>80</td> <td>1392.6</td> <td>627.27 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Laoshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laoshan District">Laoshan District</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">崂山区</span></span></td> <td>Láoshān Qū</td> <td>370212</td> <td>389.34</td> <td>80</td> <td>379.5</td> <td>974.73 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Licang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Licang District">Licang District</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">李沧区</span></span></td> <td>Lǐcāng Qū</td> <td>370213</td> <td>95.52</td> <td>100</td> <td>512.4</td> <td>5364.32 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chengyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chengyang District">Chengyang District</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">城阳区</span></span></td> <td>Chéngyáng Qū</td> <td>370214</td> <td>553.20</td> <td>80</td> <td>737.2</td> <td>1332.61 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jimo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo District">Jimo District</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">即墨区</span></span></td> <td>Jímò Qū</td> <td>370282</td> <td>1727</td> <td>58.1</td> <td>1177.2</td> <td>681.64 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="8"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level cities</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_City" title="Jiaozhou City">Jiaozhou</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">胶州市</span></span></td> <td>Jiāozhōu Shì</td> <td>370281</td> <td>1210</td> <td>68.0</td> <td>843.1</td> <td>696.78 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pingdu" title="Pingdu">Pingdu</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">平度市</span></span></td> <td>Píngdù Shì</td> <td>370283</td> <td>3166</td> <td>52.8</td> <td>1357.4</td> <td>428.74 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Laixi" title="Laixi">Laixi</a></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">莱西市</span></span></td> <td>Láixī Shì</td> <td>370285</td> <td>1522</td> <td>58.1</td> <td>750.2</td> <td>492.90 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Geographically, there are three districts (Shinan, Shibei, Licang) constituting a peninsula on the east coast of the <a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bay" title="Jiaozhou Bay">Jiaozhou Bay</a> as the core urban area, one (Chengyang) on the north coast and one (Xihai'an) on the west coast of the <a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a>. </p> <ul><li>Defunct - <a href="/wiki/Jiaonan" title="Jiaonan">Jiaonan</a> city (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">胶南市</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Jiāonán Shì</span></i>) - merged into <a href="/wiki/Huangdao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangdao District">Huangdao District</a> (December 2012)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-oclc-10552568-nj51-13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Txu-oclc-10552568-nj51-13.jpg/220px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nj51-13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Txu-oclc-10552568-nj51-13.jpg/330px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nj51-13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Txu-oclc-10552568-nj51-13.jpg/440px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nj51-13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3847" /></a><figcaption>Qingdao (labeled CH'ING-TAO (TSINGTAO) <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">青島</span></span>) (1954)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Txu-oclc-10552568-nj51-13-back.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Txu-oclc-10552568-nj51-13-back.jpg/220px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nj51-13-back.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Txu-oclc-10552568-nj51-13-back.jpg/330px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nj51-13-back.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Txu-oclc-10552568-nj51-13-back.jpg/440px-Txu-oclc-10552568-nj51-13-back.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3506" /></a><figcaption>Map including Qingdao (labeled as CH'ING-TAO (TSINGTAO))</figcaption></figure><p>Qingdao is located on the south-facing coast of the <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Schantung-Halbinsel</i>). It borders three prefecture-level cities, namely <a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a> to the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a> to the southwest. The city occupies an area totaling 10,654 km<sup>2</sup> (4,114 sq mi), and stretches in latitude from 35° 35' to 37° 09' N and in longitude from 119° 30' to 121° 00' E. The populated sections of the city are relatively flat while mountains spur up within city limits and nearby. The highest elevation in the city is located 1,133 meters (3,717 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>. Of the total area of Qingdao, 15.5% is highland, while the foothill, plain, and lowland areas constitute 25.1%, 37.8%, and 21.7%, respectively. The city has a 730.64-kilometer (454.00 mi)-long coastline. Five significant rivers exceeding 50 kilometers (31 mi) in length can be found in the region. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Qingdao has a temperate, four-season, <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a>-influenced<sup id="cite_ref-SDIO_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDIO-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> climate that lies in the transition between the <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Cwa</i>) and <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate" title="Humid continental climate">humid continental</a> (Köppen: <i>Dwa</i>) regimes. Due to the direct regulation of the marine environment, the city is influenced by the southeast monsoon and the currents and water masses from the ocean, so it also has significant maritime climate characteristics.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Winters range from cool to cold and windy, but are generally dry, with a January average of 0.2 °C (32.4 °F). Summer is generally hot and humid, but very hot days are rare, with an August average of 25.6 °C (78.1 °F). Due to its proximity to the coast and location on a peninsula, compared to most inland areas of China, its spring is delayed by one month,<sup id="cite_ref-SDIO_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDIO-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the annual <a href="/wiki/Diurnal_temperature_variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Diurnal temperature variation">diurnal temperature variation</a> is only 6.3 °C (11.3 °F); conversely, its fall is milder than inland areas in Shandong. The water temperature peaks at about 25 °C (77 °F) in late August. Thus, swimming is possible for two months on either side. The annual mean temperature is 13.3 °C (55.9 °F). Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −15.5 °C (4 °F) on 16 January 1958 to 38.9 °C (102 °F) on 15 July 2002;<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> unofficial readings have reached a record low of −16.9 °C (1.6 °F) or for the official weather station there, −16.4 °C (2.5 °F) on 10 January 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 38 percent in July to 59 percent in October, the city receives 2,261 hours of bright sunshine annually.<sup id="cite_ref-cma_new_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cma_new-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the summer months, the beaches of Qingdao are afflicted by massive <a href="/wiki/Algal_bloom" title="Algal bloom">algal blooms</a>. The decomposing algae release large amounts of <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide" title="Hydrogen sulfide">hydrogen sulfide</a> gas, which produces an offensive "rotten egg" odor. <a href="/wiki/Sea_lettuce" title="Sea lettuce">Sea lettuce</a> blooms, which are partially caused by <a href="/wiki/Seaweed_farming" title="Seaweed farming">seaweed farming</a> in Jiangsu Province, led local officials to declare a "large-scale algae disaster" in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Qingdao (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951-2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8<br />(96.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8<br />(98.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4<br />(61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.9<br />(102.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8<br />(55.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(35.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.1<br />(62.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.8<br />(69.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7<br />(36.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.4<br />(27.7) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(32.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.5<br />(4.1) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.1<br />(10.2) </td> <td style="background: #C5C5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.2<br />(20.8) </td> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.6<br />(29.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.9<br />(35.4) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.2<br />(19.0) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.3<br />(11.7) </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−15.5<br />(4.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #EFFFEF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(0.41) </td> <td style="background: #E5FFE5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(0.62) </td> <td style="background: #E4FFE4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(0.71) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(1.34) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.1<br />(2.52) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.7<br />(2.78) </td> <td style="background: #11FF11; color:#000000;" class="notheme">159.1<br />(6.26) </td> <td style="background: #11FF11; color:#000000;" class="notheme">159.6<br />(6.28) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.4<br />(2.73) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5<br />(1.40) </td> <td style="background: #C8FFC8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(1.39) </td> <td style="background: #E8FFE8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(0.58) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">686.4<br />(27.02) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #DCDCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 </td> <td style="background: #C8C8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6 </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">78.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #D0D0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8 </td> <td style="background: #D2D2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000EE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">160.4 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">164.9 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">208.6 </td> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">219.1 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">234.3 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186.0 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168.3 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">194.5 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">201.1 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">202.1 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">163.4 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">158.5 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,261.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #F3F316; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #F9F926; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF47; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF3B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">52 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5 </td> <td style="background: #FFF300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #3EA72D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #F18B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/China_Meteorological_Administration" title="China Meteorological Administration">China Meteorological Administration</a><sup id="cite_ref-cma_graphical_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cma_graphical-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Weather China<sup id="cite_ref-Clim_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clim-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weather Atlas (UV index)<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div style="width: 80%;"></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small>See or edit <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/data:Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Qingdao.tab" class="extiw" title="commons:data:Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Qingdao.tab">raw graph data</a>.</small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1913<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">58,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1953</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">916,846</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1480.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1964</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,383,433</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+50.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,227,594</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+205.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">6,663,989</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+57.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,494,194</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,715,100</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2020</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">9,499,800</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+9.0%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Of the 10 million residents of Qingdao, 6.2 million reside in the Qingdao urban area. Another estimated 5 million live in other cities under Qingdao's jurisdiction.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The annual birth rate is calculated around 76,507, with a <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a> of 10.15 per year per thousand, and a <a href="/wiki/Death_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Death rate">death rate</a> of 6.32, both calculated on an annual basis. Living standards are among the highest of leading Chinese cities due to the strong export economy and relatively high family wages. </p><p>There is a large Korean community in Qingdao. By 2009, there were approximately 100,000 Koreans working, studying and living in Qingdao, which makes Qingdao the second in terms of Korean population in China, following Beijing which has about 200,000 Koreans.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 2021 Qingdao Statistical Yearbook, the permanent resident population of Qingdao in 2020 was 10.1057 million, an increase of 182700 people compared to the previous year.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tsingtao_beer_a_2015-04-07_16-56-17.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Tsingtao_beer_a_2015-04-07_16-56-17.JPG/170px-Tsingtao_beer_a_2015-04-07_16-56-17.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Tsingtao_beer_a_2015-04-07_16-56-17.JPG/255px-Tsingtao_beer_a_2015-04-07_16-56-17.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Tsingtao_beer_a_2015-04-07_16-56-17.JPG/340px-Tsingtao_beer_a_2015-04-07_16-56-17.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1070" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Qingdao-based <a href="/wiki/Tsingtao_beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsingtao beer">Tsingtao beer</a>, China's second-largest domestic brand and its largest export brand.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Views_of_Qingdao_tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Views_of_Qingdao_tower.jpg/170px-Views_of_Qingdao_tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Views_of_Qingdao_tower.jpg/255px-Views_of_Qingdao_tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Views_of_Qingdao_tower.jpg/340px-Views_of_Qingdao_tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1333" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Qingdao TV Tower</figcaption></figure> <p>In recent years, an important region in Eastern China, Shandong Province has seen substantial change in its economic landscape. Much of this development has been concentrated in Qingdao.<sup id="cite_ref-KPMG_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KPMG-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Qingdao has seen rapid development. With an annual growth rate of 18.9 percent in 2006, the city's GDP reached 42.3 billion, ranking first in Shandong Province and tenth out of China's top 20 cities.<sup id="cite_ref-KPMG_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KPMG-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> per capita comprised <a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">CN¥</a>52,895 (US$7,616) in 2008. The GDP has grown steadily at an average pace of 16% annually. </p><p>In 2006, Qingdao was ranked one of six "golden cities" by the World Bank, out of 120 Chinese cities assessed on factors including investment climate and government effectiveness.<sup id="cite_ref-KPMG_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KPMG-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, Qingdao's GDP reached CN¥1200.15 billion, though it shrank a little in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Internationally, Qingdao is perhaps best known for its <a href="/wiki/Tsingtao_Brewery" title="Tsingtao Brewery">Tsingtao Brewery</a>, founded by a German-British joint venture in 1903 that produces <a href="/wiki/Tsingtao_beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsingtao beer">Tsingtao beer</a>, the best-known Chinese export beer. It is also home to <a href="/wiki/Haier" title="Haier">Haier</a>, a large <a href="/wiki/White_goods" class="mw-redirect" title="White goods">white goods</a> manufacturer, and <a href="/wiki/Hisense" title="Hisense">Hisense</a>, a major electronics company. In 2002 guitar manufacturers <a href="/wiki/Epiphone" title="Epiphone">Epiphone</a> opened a factory in Qingdao.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1984 the Chinese government named a district of Qingdao a <a href="/wiki/Special_Economic_Zones_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Economic Zones of the People's Republic of China">Special Economic and Technology Development Zone</a> (SETDZ). Along with this district, the entire city had gone through fast-tracked development of <a href="/wiki/Secondary_Industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondary Industry">secondary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">tertiary industries</a>. Qingdao has been the recipient of large foreign investment and its port is a hub for local and international trade. <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> in particular made extensive investments in the city. In terms of <a href="/wiki/Primary_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary sector">primary sector</a> <a href="/wiki/Industry_(economics)" title="Industry (economics)">industries</a>, Qingdao has an estimated 50,000 acres (200 km<sup>2</sup>) of <a href="/wiki/Arable_land" title="Arable land">arable land</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Qingdao has a zigzagging pattern coastline, and thus possesses an invaluable stock of fish, <a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">shrimp</a>, and other sea resources. </p><p>Qingdao's <a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">wind power</a> electricity generation performs at among the highest levels in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_zones">Industrial zones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Industrial zones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Qingdao West Coast New District</li> <li>Qingdao Special Economic and Technological Development Area</li> <li>Qingdao Free Trade Zone</li> <li>Qingdao High-tech Industrial Zone</li> <li>Qingdao University Industrial Zone</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are a total of 1,145 km (711 mi) of roads in the Qingdao area, with nearly 500 km (310 mi) of expressways. These <a href="/wiki/Expressways_of_China" title="Expressways of China">National Trunk Highway System (NTHS)</a> Expressways begin or pass through in Qingdao.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Expressways that begin in Qingdao are in <b>Bold</b>: </p> <ul><li>G15 <a href="/wiki/Shenhai_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Shenhai Expressway">Shenhai Expressway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a>-<a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a>)</li> <li>G18 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rongwu_Expressway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rongwu Expressway (page does not exist)">Rongwu Expressway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a>, Shandong-<a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>)</li> <li>G20 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingyin_Expressway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qingyin Expressway (page does not exist)">Qingyin Expressway</a> (Qingdao-<a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a>)</li></ul> <p>Spur Route: G2011 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingxin_Expressway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qingxin Expressway (page does not exist)">Qingxin Expressway</a> (Qingdao-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinhe,_Shandong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinhe, Shandong (page does not exist)">Xinhe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pingdu" title="Pingdu">Pingdu</a>, Shandong) </p> <ul><li>G22 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qinglan_Expressway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qinglan Expressway (page does not exist)">Qinglan Expressway</a> (Qingdao-<a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>)</li></ul> <p>These provincial expressways begin in or pass through Qingdao. Expressways that begin in Qingdao are in <b>Bold</b>: </p> <ul><li>S16 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rongwei_Expressway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rongwei Expressway (page does not exist)">Rongwei Expressway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a>-<a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a>)</li> <li>S19 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Longqing_Expressway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Longqing Expressway (page does not exist)">Longqing Expressway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Longkou" title="Longkou">Longkou</a>-Qingdao)</li> <li>S21 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinwei_Expressway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinwei Expressway (page does not exist)">Xinwei Expressway</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinhe,_Shandong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinhe, Shandong (page does not exist)">Xinhe</a>-<a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a>)</li> <li>S24 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Weiqing_Expressway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weiqing Expressway (page does not exist)">Weiqing Expressway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a>-Qingdao)</li></ul> <p>Other than Expressways, there are also <a href="/wiki/China_National_Highways" class="mw-redirect" title="China National Highways">National Highways</a> that pass through or begin in Qingdao. National Highways that begin in Qingdao are in <b>bold</b>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_204" title="China National Highway 204">G204</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a>-<a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_206" title="China National Highway 206">G206</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a>-<a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_308" title="China National Highway 308">G308</a> (Qingdao-<a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Highway_309" title="China National Highway 309">G309</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a>-<a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Haiwan_Bridge">Haiwan Bridge</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Haiwan Bridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 30 June 2011, the longest bridge over water opened in Qingdao. The bridge, <a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_Bay_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiaozhou Bay Bridge">Haiwan Bridge</a>, is 26.4 miles (42.5 km) long and connects Qingdao to <a href="/wiki/Huangdao" class="mw-redirect" title="Huangdao">Huangdao</a> and Hongdao. The bridge is almost three miles (4.8 km) longer than the previous <a href="/wiki/List_of_longest_bridges" title="List of longest bridges">record-holder</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Pontchartrain_Causeway" title="Lake Pontchartrain Causeway">Lake Pontchartrain Causeway</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> state of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>. Haiwan Bridge is supported by more than 5,000 pillars and costs about 10 billion yuan which is about 1.5 billion dollars. The bridge was designed by the <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Gaosu_Group" title="Shandong Gaosu Group">Shandong Gausu Group</a> and the construction lasted for four years. Haiwan Bridge cut the commute between the city of Qingdao and the sprawling suburb of Huangdao by 30 minutes. At least 10,000 workers toiled in two teams around the clock to build the bridge, which was constructed from opposite ends.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the same day, the <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Jiaozhou_Bay_tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay tunnel">Jiaozhou Bay Tunnel</a> opened. The tunnel brought much convenience to people by supporting public buses and making transport between the two areas more convenient. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marine">Marine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Marine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Qingdao" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of Qingdao">Port of Qingdao</a></div> <p>Qingdao (official name: Qingdao port international co. ltd.) hosts one of the world's busiest <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Qingdao" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of Qingdao">seaports</a>. Cooperative relations have been established with 450 ports in 130 countries worldwide. The port of Qingdao is part of the <a href="/wiki/21st_Century_Maritime_Silk_Road" title="21st Century Maritime Silk Road">21st Century Maritime Silk Road</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, the annual cargo handling capacity exceeded 100 million <a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">tons</a> for the first time. The number of containers reached 3.41 million <a href="/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit" title="Twenty-foot equivalent unit">twenty-foot equivalent units</a> (TEU) of cargoes.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 2011, the port had become the world's sixth-busiest by Total Cargo Volume, having handled 372,000,000 metric tons (366,000,000 long tons; 410,000,000 short tons) of cargo in that year. As of 2016, it was the 8th in the world in terms of TEUs (Twenty Foot Equivalent Units).<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Orient Ferry</i> connects Qingdao with <a href="/wiki/Shimonoseki" title="Shimonoseki">Shimonoseki</a>, Japan. There are two ferry lines connecting Qingdao with <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Korea">South Korea</a>. The <i>New Golden Bridge II</i> operates between Qingdao and <a href="/wiki/Incheon" title="Incheon">Incheon</a>, and the <i>Blue Sea Ferry</i> operates between Qingdao and <a href="/wiki/Gunsan" title="Gunsan">Gunsan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Qingdao port also includes a number of large adjacent ports including Dongjiakou.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aviation">Aviation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Aviation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Jiaodong_International_Airport" title="Qingdao Jiaodong International Airport">Qingdao Jiaodong International Airport</a>, located 39 km (24 mi) away from the <a href="/wiki/City_center" class="mw-redirect" title="City center">city center</a>, is served by 13 domestic and international <a href="/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">airlines</a> that operate 94 routes, 12 of which are international and regional. The airport opened on August 12, 2021, as a replacement for <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Liuting_International_Airport" title="Qingdao Liuting International Airport">Qingdao Liuting International Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sd_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sd-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intercity_rail">Intercity rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Intercity rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qingdao_Railway_Station_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Qingdao_Railway_Station_01.jpg/220px-Qingdao_Railway_Station_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Qingdao_Railway_Station_01.jpg/330px-Qingdao_Railway_Station_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Qingdao_Railway_Station_01.jpg/440px-Qingdao_Railway_Station_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Qingdao railway station</figcaption></figure> <p>Qingdao's railway development picked up during the late 1990s. It is at the start of the <a href="/wiki/Jinan%E2%80%93Qingdao_high-speed_railway" title="Jinan–Qingdao high-speed railway">Jinan–Qingdao high-speed railway</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Qingdao%E2%80%93Jinan_passenger_railway" title="Qingdao–Jinan passenger railway">Qingdao–Jinan passenger railway</a> and the original <a href="/wiki/Qingdao%E2%80%93Jinan_railway" title="Qingdao–Jinan railway">Qingdao–Jinan railway</a>. Qingdao's city proper has some major railway stations, including <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_railway_station" title="Qingdao railway station">Qingdao railway station</a>, Cangkou railway station, <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%AF%E7%AB%99" class="extiw" title="zh:大港站">Dagang railway station</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_North_railway_station" title="Qingdao North railway station">Qingdao North railway station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Sifang_railway_station" title="Sifang railway station">Sifang railway station</a> is now closed to passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>D and G series high-speed trains travel on the Jinan–Qingdao high-speed railway and reach speeds of 300 km/h (190 mph) on the Jinan-Qingdao Section.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Services go to <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fastest train between Qingdao and Beijing is G206 / G205, which takes 2 hours and 58 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Domestic rail lines connect Qingdao with many cities in China, including <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jining,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Jining, Shandong">Jining</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transport">Public transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qingdao_Development_Zone_Bus_K1_-_Sunwin_-_SWB6121EV6_(Wheelchair_Accessible_Low-entrance)_-_ChangJiang_Road_(Middle)_(16668263526).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Qingdao_Development_Zone_Bus_K1_-_Sunwin_-_SWB6121EV6_%28Wheelchair_Accessible_Low-entrance%29_-_ChangJiang_Road_%28Middle%29_%2816668263526%29.jpg/220px-Qingdao_Development_Zone_Bus_K1_-_Sunwin_-_SWB6121EV6_%28Wheelchair_Accessible_Low-entrance%29_-_ChangJiang_Road_%28Middle%29_%2816668263526%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Qingdao_Development_Zone_Bus_K1_-_Sunwin_-_SWB6121EV6_%28Wheelchair_Accessible_Low-entrance%29_-_ChangJiang_Road_%28Middle%29_%2816668263526%29.jpg/330px-Qingdao_Development_Zone_Bus_K1_-_Sunwin_-_SWB6121EV6_%28Wheelchair_Accessible_Low-entrance%29_-_ChangJiang_Road_%28Middle%29_%2816668263526%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Qingdao_Development_Zone_Bus_K1_-_Sunwin_-_SWB6121EV6_%28Wheelchair_Accessible_Low-entrance%29_-_ChangJiang_Road_%28Middle%29_%2816668263526%29.jpg/440px-Qingdao_Development_Zone_Bus_K1_-_Sunwin_-_SWB6121EV6_%28Wheelchair_Accessible_Low-entrance%29_-_ChangJiang_Road_%28Middle%29_%2816668263526%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4853" data-file-height="3235" /></a><figcaption>A Qingdao bus</figcaption></figure> <p>Qingdao's public traffic owns 5283 large and medium-sized buses, <a href="/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">CNG</a> buses as of 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. There are also 136 <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybuses</a> as of 2012<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. All of the buses and trolleybuses can be accessed using the Qingdao Public Traffic <a href="/wiki/IC_Card" class="mw-redirect" title="IC Card">IC Card</a> (<span lang="zh-hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:青岛">青岛</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1#Simplified_Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:卡">卡</a></span>), which uses radio frequencies so the card does not have to physically touch the scanner. After that, all public transportation companies use Qingdaotong Card, the last company that started to use this card is the Zhenqing bus company located in The West Coast New Area of Qingdao (original Huangdao Distinct) in 2019. </p><p>Non air-conditioned buses cost 1 yuan (excluding the tunnel bus), The volume of road passenger transport approaches 737 million per year.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Public Transport Brand of 'Ri-Xin Bus (<span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:日">日</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:新">新</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wikt:巴士">巴士</a></span>)' is also known in China. </p><p>There are several taxi companies in Qingdao including Yiqing Company, Zhongqing Company, Jiaoyun Company, and, Huaqing Company. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Metro[74]"><span id="Metro.5B74.5D"></span>Metro<sup id="cite_ref-QINGDAO_METRO_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QINGDAO_METRO-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Metro[74]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Metro" title="Qingdao Metro">Qingdao Metro</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E7%AB%993%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E7%AB%99%E5%8F%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E7%AB%993%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E7%AB%99%E5%8F%B0.jpg/220px-%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E7%AB%993%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E7%AB%99%E5%8F%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E7%AB%993%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E7%AB%99%E5%8F%B0.jpg/330px-%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E7%AB%993%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E7%AB%99%E5%8F%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E7%AB%993%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E7%AB%99%E5%8F%B0.jpg/440px-%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E7%AB%993%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E7%AB%99%E5%8F%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Platform of Qingdao Metro</figcaption></figure> <p>After getting the approval from the State Council, the government announced on 18 August 2009 that Qingdao is ready to spend more than 29 billion yuan ($4.2 billion) before 2016 on its subway construction. Construction of 54.7 km (34.0 mi) of subway line 3 was completed before 2016 with a total investment of 29.2 billion yuan ($4.3 billion). Metro Line 3 is the first line in function and opened on 16 December 2015. In the long term, the city plans to build eight subway lines in downtown and some suburban districts, which account for 231.5 km (143.8 mi) in future.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The system has an operating length of 243 km (151 mi), lines in operation including <a href="/wiki/Line_1_(Qingdao_Metro)" title="Line 1 (Qingdao Metro)">Line 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_2_(Qingdao_Metro)" title="Line 2 (Qingdao Metro)">Line 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Qingdao_Metro)" title="Line 3 (Qingdao Metro)">Line 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_4_(Qingdao_Metro)" title="Line 4 (Qingdao Metro)">Line 4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_8_(Qingdao_Metro)" title="Line 8 (Qingdao Metro)">Line 8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Line_11_(Qingdao_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 11 (Qingdao Metro)">Line 11</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Line_13_(Qingdao_Metro)" class="mw-redirect" title="Line 13 (Qingdao Metro)">Line 13</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-QINGDAO_METRO_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-QINGDAO_METRO-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of February 24, 2023, according to the approved network plan of Qingdao City, there are 19 long-term plans for Qingdao Metro, with a total length of 872 kilometers; The third phase construction plan has been approved, with a total of 13 lines and a total length of 503 kilometers, ranking ninth in the national approved mileage level; Seven lines have been opened and operated, including Lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 11, and 13, with an operating mileage of 315 kilometers. As of March 2023, there are 146 operating stations, ranking tenth in China and second in northern cities; There are 10 lines under construction (including extension lines), including the West Extension and Phase II of Line 2, Line 5, Phase I and Phase II of Line 6, Phase II of Line 7, South Section and Branch of Line 8, Phase I of Line 9, and Phase I of Line 15. The total length under construction is 188 kilometers, and it is expected to be fully completed by 2028. </p><p>If you need information about Qingdao Metro, you can open the website of Qingdao Metro to help you. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tramway">Tramway</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Tramway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Tram" title="Qingdao Tram">Qingdao Tram</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qingdao_Tram,_Line_Chengyang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Qingdao_Tram%2C_Line_Chengyang.jpg/220px-Qingdao_Tram%2C_Line_Chengyang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Qingdao_Tram%2C_Line_Chengyang.jpg/330px-Qingdao_Tram%2C_Line_Chengyang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Qingdao_Tram%2C_Line_Chengyang.jpg/440px-Qingdao_Tram%2C_Line_Chengyang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4100" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Tram" title="Qingdao Tram">Qingdao Tram</a> system is operating in Chengyang District</figcaption></figure> <p>The Qingdao Tram (official name: Modern tram demonstration line) of Chengyang District, Qingdao, is a tram system operating in Chengyang District, Qingdao, China. It opened in 2016. The Qingdao Public Transport Group Rail Bus Co., Ltd. is responsible for operation and management. The system is only composed of 1 tram line. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qingdao_Zhanqiao.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Qingdao_Zhanqiao.jpg/220px-Qingdao_Zhanqiao.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Qingdao_Zhanqiao.jpg/330px-Qingdao_Zhanqiao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Qingdao_Zhanqiao.jpg/440px-Qingdao_Zhanqiao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Qingdao retains many buildings with a German architectural style</figcaption></figure> <p>There are a large number of German-style buildings in Qingdao's <a href="/wiki/City_center" class="mw-redirect" title="City center">city center</a>, a remarkable fact considering the German leased-territory period only lasted 16 years (1898–1914). The unique combination of German and Chinese architecture therein, combined with German demographic roots and a large Korean expatriate population, gives Qingdao a rather distinct atmosphere. An old saying described Qingdao as a city of "red tiles green trees, blue sky, and blue sea." This saying indeed gives a picture of a bird view of Qingdao. A larger number of areas in former foreign styles are well preserved. Although the new city area is under large-scale reconstruction, the old city area (especially the western part of <a href="/wiki/Shinan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinan District">Shinan District</a>) still retains many traditional buildings. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png/170px-St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png/255px-St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png/340px-St_Michaels_Cathedral_West_Front.png 2x" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cathedral,_Qingdao" title="St. Michael's Cathedral, Qingdao">St. Michael's Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qingdao_skyscrapers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Qingdao_skyscrapers.jpg/170px-Qingdao_skyscrapers.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Qingdao_skyscrapers.jpg/255px-Qingdao_skyscrapers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Qingdao_skyscrapers.jpg/340px-Qingdao_skyscrapers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2292" data-file-height="3056" /></a><figcaption>Skyscrapers in Qingdao</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_Ding" title="Long Ding">Long Ding</a>, American football kicker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Lilley" title="James R. Lilley">James R. Lilley</a>, U.S. diplomat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Jian_(writer)" title="Ma Jian (writer)">Ma Jian</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">马建</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Jun_(environmentalist)" title="Ma Jun (environmentalist)">Ma Jun</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">马军</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Hong" title="Xiao Hong">Xiao Hong</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">萧红</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Jun" title="Xiao Jun">Xiao Jun</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">萧军</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duanmu_Hongliang" title="Duanmu Hongliang">Duanmu Hongliang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">端木蕻良</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen-Lu_Tsou" title="Chen-Lu Tsou">Zou Chenglu</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">邹承鲁</span></span>) was born in Qingdao</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erin_Pizzey" title="Erin Pizzey">Erin Pizzey</a>, (was born in Qingdao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Zhaoxing" title="Li Zhaoxing">Li Zhaoxing</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李肇星</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Ruimin" title="Zhang Ruimin">Zhang Ruimin</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">张瑞敏</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Song" title="Victoria Song">Victoria Song</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">宋茜</span></span>, f(x))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Zitao" title="Huang Zitao">Huang Zitao</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">黄子韬</span></span>, musician, actor)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Bo" title="Huang Bo">Huang Bo</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">黄渤</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Jike" title="Zhang Jike">Zhang Jike</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">张继科</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao_Fenghan" title="Gao Fenghan">Gao Fenghan</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">高凤翰</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toshiro_Mifune" title="Toshiro Mifune">Toshiro Mifune</a> (was born in Qingdao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Li_Cunxin_(dancer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Li Cunxin (dancer)">Li Cunxin</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李存信</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huang_Xiaoming" title="Huang Xiaoming">Huang Xiaoming</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">黄晓明</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Hao_(actress)" title="Chen Hao (actress)">Chen Hao</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">陈好</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xia_Yu_(actor)" title="Xia Yu (actor)">Xia Yu</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">夏雨</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_Bingbing" title="Fan Bingbing">Fan Bingbing</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">范冰冰</span></span>, born in Qingdao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_Baihe" title="Bai Baihe">Bai Baihe</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">白百合</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hao_Haidong" title="Hao Haidong">Hao Haidong</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">郝海东</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Dong_(footballer,_born_1981)" title="Wang Dong (footballer, born 1981)">Wang Dong</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">王栋</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Midfielder" title="Midfielder">midfielder</a> for <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Huanghai_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Qingdao Huanghai F.C.">Qingdao Huanghai</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu_Xiangzhi" title="Bu Xiangzhi">Bu Xiangzhi</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">卜祥志</span></span>, chess grandmaster)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Juanjuan" title="Zhang Juanjuan">Zhang Juanjuan</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">张娟娟</span></span>, archer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_H._Wiener" title="Malcolm H. Wiener">Malcolm H. Wiener</a>, (was born in Qingdao)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni_Ping" title="Ni Ping">Ni Ping</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">倪萍</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tang_Guoqiang" title="Tang Guoqiang">Tang Guoqiang</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">唐国强</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren_Jialun" title="Ren Jialun">Ren Jialun</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">任嘉伦</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chen_Meng" title="Chen Meng">Chen Meng</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">陈梦</span></span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Movies_shot_in_Qingdao">Movies shot in Qingdao</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Movies shot in Qingdao"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Little_Red_Flower" title="A Little Red Flower">A Little Red Flower</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">送你一朵小红花 2020</span></span>) 2020</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Better_Tomorrow_2018" title="A Better Tomorrow 2018">A Better Tomorrow 2018</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">英雄本色2018</span></span>) 2016</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Wall_(film)" title="The Great Wall (film)">The Great Wall</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">长城</span></span>) 2016</li> <li>Underdog Fight (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">硬汉</span></span>) 2008</li> <li>Underdog Fight II (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">硬汉 II</span></span>) 2013</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_Heaven" title="Ocean Heaven">Ocean Heaven</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">海洋天堂</span></span>) 2010</li> <li>Beauty Remains (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">美人依旧</span></span>) 2005</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the city's leased-territory days, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, the official language, was rigorously taught and promoted. Since the demise of Germany's colonial empire after World War I, the German language is all but gone, leaving little impact on the local languages. A local accent known as <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_dialect" title="Qingdao dialect">Qingdao dialect</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">青岛话</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Qīngdǎo huà</span></i>) distinguishes the residents of the city from those of the surrounding <a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> province. Due to the efforts by the city government to promote standard <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a>, most educated people can speak standard Mandarin in addition to their native dialect. With reform policies and English teaching, some young citizens have been taught English and many can converse with English-speaking foreigners. Business and traffic signs in English are becoming more and more common. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Notable festivals include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_International_Horticultural_Exposition_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingdao International Horticultural Exposition 2014">Qingdao International Horticultural Exposition 2014</a> is the biggest international fair that has been held in the history of the city.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_International_Beer_Festival" title="Qingdao International Beer Festival">Qingdao International Beer Festival</a> in August/September, held annually since 1991.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Qingdao previously had a large German community and a German garrison, so three German newspapers operated in Qingdao.<sup id="cite_ref-Walravens90_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walravens90-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> German papers included <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deutsch-Asiatische_Warte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deutsch-Asiatische Warte (page does not exist)">Deutsch-Asiatische Warte</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hant">泰東古今鑑</span>; <a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">泰东古今鉴</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Tàidōng Gǔjīn Jiàn</span></i>;<sup id="cite_ref-Walravens91_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walravens91-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> weekly newspaper published until 1906, included <i>Die Welt des Ostens, Altes und Neues aus Asiens drei Kaiserreichen</i>, a cultural supplement),<sup id="cite_ref-Walravens90_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walravens90-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <i><a href="/wiki/Tsingtauer_Neueste_Nachrichten" title="Tsingtauer Neueste Nachrichten">Tsingtauer Neueste Nachrichten</a></i> and the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kiautschou_Post&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kiautschou Post (page does not exist)">Kiautschou Post</a></i> (a daily paper published from 1908 to 1912, referring to the <a href="/wiki/Kiautschou_Bay_concession" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiautschou Bay concession">Kiautschou (Jiaozhou) Bay concession</a>). German publishing in Qingdao ended after <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and the beginning of the Japanese administration.<sup id="cite_ref-Walravens91_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walravens91-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 1912 publication of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Foreign_and_Domestic_Commerce" title="Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce">Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce</a> said that the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tageblatt_f%C3%BCr_Nordchina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tageblatt für Nordchina (page does not exist)">Tageblatt für Nordchina</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a> was read in Qingdao and that major newspapers from <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> were also read in Qingdao.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bandao_Broadcasting_Media_Corporation" title="Bandao Broadcasting Media Corporation">Bandao Broadcasting Media Corporation</a>, a news and broadcasting agency was founded in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Qingdao attracts many tourists due to its seaside setting and temperate weather. Parks, beaches, sculptures, and unique German and modern architecture line the shore. Its centrally located tourist information center, the "Qingdao Information Center for International Visitors for International Visitors," is located on Middle Hong Kong Road (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">香港中路</span></span>). </p><p>Qingdao's major attractions include: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_Shinan_district">Western Shinan district</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Western Shinan district"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhan_Qiao" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhan Qiao">Zhan Qiao</a> (Pier, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">栈桥</span></span>)</li> <li>Little Qingdao Isle (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">小青岛</span></span>)</li> <li>Tian Hou Temple (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">天后宫</span></span>), Qingdao Folk Museum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badaguan" title="Badaguan">Badaguan</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">八大关</span>; 'Eight Great Passes'), the older area of town with some surviving German architecture.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu_Xun_Park_(Qingdao)" title="Lu Xun Park (Qingdao)">Lu Xun Park</a>, named after <a href="/wiki/Lu_Xun" title="Lu Xun">Lu Xun</a>, modern Chinese writer and critic, who lived and taught in the 1930s.</li> <li>Zhongshan Park, named after the style name 'Zhongshan' of <a href="/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen" title="Sun Yat-sen">Sun Yat-sen</a>, a famous modern Chinese politician.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Yu_Shan" class="mw-redirect" title="Xiao Yu Shan">Xiao Yu Shan</a> (<span lang="zh-Hans">小鱼山</span>; 'Little Fish Hill')</li> <li>The twin-spired <a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Cathedral,_Qingdao" title="St. Michael's Cathedral, Qingdao">St. Michael's Cathedral</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Kathedrale St. Michael</i></span>; <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">天主教堂</span></span>), a notable example of Qingdao's famous <a href="/wiki/Neo-romanesque" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-romanesque">Neo-romanesque</a> architecture, designed by German architect Alfred Fräbel, completed in 1934.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Aquarium" title="Qingdao Aquarium">Qingdao Aquarium</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">青岛水族馆</span></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiautschou_Governor%27s_Hall" title="Kiautschou Governor's Hall">Kiautschou Governor's Hall</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Gouverneurspalast</i></span>; <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">提督府</span></span>), the office building of former German governors and former municipal government</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinhao_Hill" title="Xinhao Hill">Xinhao Hill</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">信号山</span></span>)</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="title"><div>Photographs of Historic Eurasian Area</div></div><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%B1%E7%9F%B3%E6%A5%BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hua Shi Lou in the Eight Great Passes"><img alt="Hua Shi Lou in the Eight Great Passes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%B1%E7%9F%B3%E6%A5%BC.jpg/200px-%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%B1%E7%9F%B3%E6%A5%BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%B1%E7%9F%B3%E6%A5%BC.jpg/300px-%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%B1%E7%9F%B3%E6%A5%BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%B1%E7%9F%B3%E6%A5%BC.jpg/400px-%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%85%AB%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%B3%E8%8A%B1%E7%9F%B3%E6%A5%BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3180" data-file-height="2156" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hua Shi Lou in the Eight Great Passes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%97%A7%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3%E5%BA%9C.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Former site of the headquarters of the German Administration"><img alt="Former site of the headquarters of the German Administration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/%E6%97%A7%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3%E5%BA%9C.jpg/200px-%E6%97%A7%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3%E5%BA%9C.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/%E6%97%A7%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3%E5%BA%9C.jpg/300px-%E6%97%A7%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3%E5%BA%9C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/%E6%97%A7%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3%E5%BA%9C.jpg/400px-%E6%97%A7%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E6%80%BB%E7%9D%A3%E5%BA%9C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1334" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Former site of <a href="/wiki/Kiautschou_Governor%27s_Hall" title="Kiautschou Governor's Hall">the headquarters of the German Administration</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_church_in_Qingdao.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Protestant Church (Evangelische Kirche; 基督教堂)"><img alt="The Protestant Church (Evangelische Kirche; 基督教堂)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Christian_church_in_Qingdao.jpg/200px-Christian_church_in_Qingdao.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Christian_church_in_Qingdao.jpg/300px-Christian_church_in_Qingdao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Christian_church_in_Qingdao.jpg/400px-Christian_church_in_Qingdao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2334" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_Church,_Qingdao" title="Christ's Church, Qingdao">The Protestant Church</a> (<span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Evangelische Kirche</i></span>; <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">基督教堂</span></span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qingdao_Pier.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The pier on the seafront"><img alt="The pier on the seafront" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Qingdao_Pier.jpg/200px-Qingdao_Pier.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Qingdao_Pier.jpg/300px-Qingdao_Pier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Qingdao_Pier.jpg/400px-Qingdao_Pier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The pier on the seafront</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:City_View_Of_Qingdao_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A view of Qingdao"><img alt="A view of Qingdao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/City_View_Of_Qingdao_1.JPG/200px-City_View_Of_Qingdao_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/City_View_Of_Qingdao_1.JPG/300px-City_View_Of_Qingdao_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/City_View_Of_Qingdao_1.JPG/400px-City_View_Of_Qingdao_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A view of Qingdao</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eastern_Shinan_district">Eastern Shinan district</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Eastern Shinan district"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_Fourth_Square" title="May Fourth Square">May Fourth Square</a> (<i>Platz des vierten Mai</i>), Coastal plaza with the Wind of May sculpture</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsingtao_Brewery" title="Tsingtao Brewery">Tsingtao Brewery</a> (<i>Tsingtao-Brauerei</i>), founded by Germany and the most exported beer from China.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanshan_Temple" title="Zhanshan Temple">Zhanshan Temple</a> (<i>Dschanschan-Tempel</i>), Qingdao's oldest <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> temple.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_International_Sailing_Centre" title="Qingdao International Sailing Centre">Qingdao International Sailing Centre</a> (<i>青岛奥林匹克帆船中心</i>), hosted the Olympic and Paralympic Sailing competitions in 2008.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Laoshan_district">Laoshan district</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Laoshan district"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lao" title="Mount Lao">Lao Shan</a> (Mount Lao, Lauschan, <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">崂山</span></span>), 40 km (25 mi) east of Qingdao, the most famous <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoist</a> mountain with Taoist retreat – Great Purity Palace (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">太清宫</span></span>)</li> <li>National Shilaoren Tourist Resort (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">石老人国家旅游度假区</span></span>), the famous bathing beach symbolized by a characteristic natural sea rock with a shape like an old man</li> <li>Xiaomaidao Park (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">小麦岛公园</span></span>), the park with hills, a beach, and a nice view of the coastal line</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:QUST_Sifang_Campus_Main_Building.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/QUST_Sifang_Campus_Main_Building.JPG/220px-QUST_Sifang_Campus_Main_Building.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/QUST_Sifang_Campus_Main_Building.JPG/330px-QUST_Sifang_Campus_Main_Building.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/QUST_Sifang_Campus_Main_Building.JPG/440px-QUST_Sifang_Campus_Main_Building.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Old Main Building of Qingdao University of Science and Technology</figcaption></figure> <p>Qingdao is home to a large number of <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a> institutions. The <a href="/wiki/Ocean_University_of_China" title="Ocean University of China">Ocean University of China</a>, formerly called the Ocean University of Qingdao, is the most important university of maritime sciences in China. In addition, the <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_University" title="Qingdao University">Qingdao University</a>, Qingdao University is ranked No. 940 among Best Global Universities. Schools are ranked according to their performance across a set of widely accepted indicators of excellence.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Qingdao University of Science and Technology">Qingdao University of Science and Technology</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Technological_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingdao Technological University">Qingdao Technological University</a> have also been integral parts of higher education in Qingdao for decades. Shandong University Qingdao (SDUQ) was established in 2016, belonging to Shandong University System. Other institutions include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_University_of_Petroleum_(Huadong)" class="mw-redirect" title="China University of Petroleum (Huadong)">China University of Petroleum</a>, completed its relocation from <a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a> to Qingdao in 2012</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Shandong University of Science and Technology">Shandong University of Science and Technology</a>, the main campus is based in Qingdao since 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Agricultural_University" title="Qingdao Agricultural University">Qingdao Agricultural University</a>, the main campus is based in Qingdao since 2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Technical_College" title="Qingdao Technical College">Qingdao Technical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Binhai_University" title="Qingdao Binhai University">Qingdao Binhai University</a>, located at Huangdao.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University" title="Shandong University">Shandong University</a> was located in Qingdao from 1909 to 1936. A new branch campus of the university is under construction in Aoshanwei Town, <a href="/wiki/Jimo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo">Jimo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_schools">International schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: International schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kisq.e-wut.co.kr/">Korean International School of Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malvern_College_Qingdao" title="Malvern College Qingdao">Malvern College Qingdao</a></li> <li>Pegasus California School, Qingdao</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_School_of_Qingdao" title="International School of Qingdao">International School of Qingdao</a></li> <li>Qingdao Amerasia International School</li> <li>Qingdao No.1 International School</li> <li>Qingdao Oxford International College</li> <li>Yew Chung International School of Qingdao</li> <li>Belt & Road Collaborative Innovation College (BRCIC)<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary_schools">Secondary schools</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Secondary schools"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_No._2_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Qingdao No. 2 High School">Qingdao No. 2 High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_No._58_School" title="Qingdao No. 58 School">Qingdao No. 58 School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_No._1_High_School" title="Qingdao No. 1 High School">Qingdao No. 1 High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_No._9_High_School" title="Qingdao No. 9 High School">Qingdao No. 9 High School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao_No._15_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qingdao No. 15 High School (page does not exist)">Qingdao No. 15 High School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao_No._19_High_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qingdao No. 19 High School (page does not exist)">Qingdao No. 19 High School</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stadiums">Stadiums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Stadiums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guoxin_Stadium_PANO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Guoxin_Stadium_PANO.jpg/220px-Guoxin_Stadium_PANO.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Guoxin_Stadium_PANO.jpg/330px-Guoxin_Stadium_PANO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Guoxin_Stadium_PANO.jpg/440px-Guoxin_Stadium_PANO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3616" data-file-height="1344" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Conson_Stadium" title="Conson Stadium">Qingdao Conson Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guoxin_Gymnasium" class="mw-redirect" title="Guoxin Gymnasium">Guoxin Gymnasium</a> (Qingdao city sports center)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizhong_Sports_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Yizhong Sports Center">Yizhong Sports Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Tiantai_Stadium" title="Qingdao Tiantai Stadium">Qingdao Tiantai Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongcheng_Stadium" title="Hongcheng Stadium">Hongcheng Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_Youth_Football_Stadium" title="Qingdao Youth Football Stadium">Qingdao Youth Football Stadium</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008_Olympic_Summer_Games">2008 Olympic Summer Games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: 2008 Olympic Summer Games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics" title="2008 Summer Olympics">2008 Summer Olympics</a>, Qingdao and Beijing cohosted the Olympic Sailing competitions.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Qingdao, the events took place along the shoreline by the city. These events were hosted at the <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_International_Sailing_Centre" title="Qingdao International Sailing Centre">Qingdao International Sailing Centre</a> and held in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fushan_Bay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fushan Bay (page does not exist)">Fushan Bay</a>, near the city's central business district. An international broadcasting center and purpose-built hotel were constructed for the Games. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motorsport">Motorsport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Motorsport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/IndyCar_Series" title="IndyCar Series">IndyCar Series</a> signed a contract with the Qingdao city council to hold an <a href="/wiki/IndyCar" title="IndyCar">IndyCar</a> race in Qingdao in 2012. The subsequently canceled race was supposed to take place on a 6.23 km (3.87 mi) street circuit.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Qingdao has 36 <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister cities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>City</th> <th>Country</th> <th>Year of Agreement </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Acapulco" title="Acapulco">Acapulco</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></td> <td>1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daegu" title="Daegu">Daegu</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></td> <td>1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Faisalabad" title="Faisalabad">Faisalabad</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> <td>2021<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></td> <td>1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Iloilo_City" title="Iloilo City">Iloilo City</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Klaip%C4%97da" title="Klaipėda">Klaipėda</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Beach">Long Beach</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td> <td>N/A </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mannheim" title="Mannheim">Mannheim</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td> <td>2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Montevideo" title="Montevideo">Montevideo</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Uruguay.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uruguay.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></td> <td>2004 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td> <td>2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nes_Ziyyona" class="mw-redirect" title="Nes Ziyyona">Nes Ziyyona</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td> <td>1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Shore_City" title="North Shore City">North Shore City</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></td> <td>1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paderborn" title="Paderborn">Paderborn</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Montt" title="Puerto Montt">Puerto Montt</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></td> <td>1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Richmond,_British_Columbia" title="Richmond, British Columbia">Richmond</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td> <td>2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shimonoseki" title="Shimonoseki">Shimonoseki</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></td> <td>1979 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></td> <td>1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Velsen" title="Velsen">Velsen</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td> <td>1998 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vila_Velha" title="Vila Velha">Vila Velha</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmshaven" title="Wilhelmshaven">Wilhelmshaven</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></td> <td>2023 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:China" title="Portal:China">China portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_China" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in China">List of twin towns and sister cities in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Movie_Metropolis" title="Oriental Movie Metropolis">Qingdao Oriental Movie Metropolis</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ŋ/: 'ng' in 'sing'">ŋ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/aʊ/: 'ou' in 'mouth'">aʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">ching-<span style="font-size:90%">DOW</span></i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Chinese_transcription_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of Chinese transcription systems">traditionally romanized</a> as <b>Tsingtao</b>; <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">青岛</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Qīngdǎo</span></i>, <small><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a>:</small> <span class="IPA" lang="cmn-Latn-fonipa" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">[tɕʰíŋtàʊ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/07\/Zh-Qingdao.ogg\/Zh-Qingdao.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Zh-Qingdao.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/07/Zh-Qingdao.ogg/Zh-Qingdao.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Zh-Qingdao.ogg" title="File:Zh-Qingdao.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Squadron" title="East Asia Squadron">East Asia Squadron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Coronel" title="Battle of Coronel">Battle of Coronel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Battle of the Falkland Islands">Battle of the Falkland Islands</a> for fleet engagements.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/shandong/admin/">"China: Shāndōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China%3A+Sh%C4%81nd%C5%8Dng+%28Prefectures%2C+Cities%2C+Districts+and+Counties%29+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Charts+and+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fchina%2Fshandong%2Fadmin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats-sd.gov.cn/tjnj/nj2016/indexch.htm">"Shandong Statistical Yearbook-2016"</a>. <i>www.stats-sd.gov.cn</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stats-sd.gov.cn&rft.atitle=Shandong+Statistical+Yearbook-2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats-sd.gov.cn%2Ftjnj%2Fnj2016%2Findexch.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElleman2002" class="citation book cs1">Elleman, Bruce (2002). <i>Wilson and China</i> (1st ed.). Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0765610515" title="Special:BookSources/978-0765610515"><bdi>978-0765610515</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wilson+and+China&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0765610515&rft.aulast=Elleman&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephenson2017" class="citation book cs1">Stephenson, Charles (2017). <i>The Siege of Tsingdao</i>. Pen & Sword Military.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Siege+of+Tsingdao&rft.pub=Pen+%26+Sword+Military&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Stephenson&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Shandong-question">"Shandong question | Chinese Imperialism, Nationalism & Revolution | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Shandong+question+%7C+Chinese+Imperialism%2C+Nationalism+%26+Revolution+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FShandong-question&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qingdaochina.org/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=7&id=91"><bdi lang="zh">2017中国青岛青岛概况 - 中文 - 青岛之窗 - 让青岛走向世界，让世界了解青岛</bdi></a>. <i>www.qingdaochina.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043353/http://www.qingdaochina.org/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=7&id=91">Archived</a> from the original on 6 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.qingdaochina.org&rft.atitle=2017%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E6%A6%82%E5%86%B5+-+%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87+-+%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E4%B9%8B%E7%AA%97+-+%E8%AE%A9%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E8%B5%B0%E5%90%91%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%EF%BC%8C%E8%AE%A9%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E4%BA%86%E8%A7%A3%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qingdaochina.org%2Findex.php%3Fm%3Dcontent%26c%3Dindex%26a%3Dshow%26catid%3D7%26id%3D91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529084536/http://www.docin.com/p-51864614.html"><bdi lang="zh">中央机构编制委员会印发《关于副省级市若干问题的意见》的通知. 中编发[1995]5号</bdi></a>. 豆丁网. 19 February 1995. 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Wilhelm Matzat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110728131654/http://www.tsingtau.org/landmann-gottfried-1860-1926-uhrmacher-optiker-bierbrauer/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tsingtau.org&rft.atitle=Landmann+Gottfried+1860%E2%80%931926+Uhrmacher%2C+Optiker%2C+Bierbrauer&rft.date=2003-05&rft.aulast=Matzat&rft.aufirst=Wilhelm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tsingtau.org%2Flandmann-gottfried-1860-1926-uhrmacher-optiker-bierbrauer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flagge-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Flagge_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Flagge_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchultz-Naumann1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schultz-Naumann, Joachim (1985). <i>Unter Kaisers Flagge: Deutschlands Schutzgebiete im Pazifik und in China einst und heute</i> [<i>Under the Kaiser's Flag: Germany's protected areas in the Pacific and in China then and now</i>] (in German). Universitas. p. 183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8004-1094-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8004-1094-1"><bdi>978-3-8004-1094-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unter+Kaisers+Flagge%3A+Deutschlands+Schutzgebiete+im+Pazifik+und+in+China+einst+und+heute&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=Universitas&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-3-8004-1094-1&rft.aulast=Schultz-Naumann&rft.aufirst=Joachim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matzat2-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Matzat2_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatzat2003" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Matzat, Wilhelm (May 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tsingtau.org/germania-brauerei-und-ihre-angestellten-1903-1914">"Germania Brauerei und ihre Angestellten 1903–1914"</a> [Germania Brewery and its Employees]. <i>tsingtau.org</i> (in German). Wilhelm Matzat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140812025732/http://www.tsingtau.org/germania-brauerei-und-ihre-angestellten-1903-1914/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tsingtau.org&rft.atitle=Germania+Brauerei+und+ihre+Angestellten+1903%E2%80%931914&rft.date=2003-05&rft.aulast=Matzat&rft.aufirst=Wilhelm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tsingtau.org%2Fgermania-brauerei-und-ihre-angestellten-1903-1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi_(李)" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script">Li (李), Si (斯). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.todayonhistory.com/6/1/jiaojitielutongche.html"><bdi lang="zh">1904年06月01日胶济铁路通车</bdi></a>. <i>www.todayonhistory.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140903061227/http://www.todayonhistory.com/6/1/jiaojitielutongche.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.todayonhistory.com&rft.atitle=1904%E5%B9%B406%E6%9C%8801%E6%97%A5+%E8%83%B6%E6%B5%8E%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF%E9%80%9A%E8%BD%A6&rft.aulast=Li+%28%E6%9D%8E%29&rft.aufirst=Si+%28%E6%96%AF%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayonhistory.com%2F6%2F1%2Fjiaojitielutongche.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Source_Records_of_the_Great_War,_Vol._III,_ed._Charles_F._Horne,_National_Alumni_1923-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Source_Records_of_the_Great_War,_Vol._III,_ed._Charles_F._Horne,_National_Alumni_1923_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffy2009" class="citation web cs1">Duffy, Michael (22 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/tsingtau_okuma.htm">"Primary Documents – Count Okuma on the Japanese Capture of Tsingtao, 15 August 1914"</a>. <i>firstworldwar.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140807091020/http://www.firstworldwar.com/source/tsingtau_okuma.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=firstworldwar.com&rft.atitle=Primary+Documents+%E2%80%93+Count+Okuma+on+the+Japanese+Capture+of+Tsingtao%2C+15+August+1914&rft.date=2009-08-22&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstworldwar.com%2Fsource%2Ftsingtau_okuma.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/independen79v80newy#page/225/mode/1up">"Germans lose possessions in China"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 16 November 1914. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121230183553/http://archive.org/stream/independen79v80newy#page/225/mode/1up">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Germans+lose+possessions+in+China&rft.date=1914-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Findependen79v80newy%23page%2F225%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Whitney Griswold, <i>The Far Eastern Policy of the United States</i> (1938) pp. 239–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Griswold, <i>The Far Eastern Policy of the United States</i> (1938) pp. 326–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToyokichi_Iyenaga1914" class="citation news cs1">Toyokichi Iyenaga (26 October 1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/independen79v80newy#page/128/mode/1up">"What is Kiaochou worth?"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121230183553/http://archive.org/stream/independen79v80newy#page/128/mode/1up">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=What+is+Kiaochou+worth%3F&rft.date=1914-10-26&rft.au=Toyokichi+Iyenaga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Findependen79v80newy%23page%2F128%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schultz-Naumann, p. 182</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchultz-Naumann1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schultz-Naumann, Joachim (1985). <i>Unter Kaisers Flagge: Deutschlands Schutzgebiete im Pazifik und in China einst und heute</i> (in German). Universitas. p. 183. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8004-1094-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8004-1094-1"><bdi>978-3-8004-1094-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unter+Kaisers+Flagge%3A+Deutschlands+Schutzgebiete+im+Pazifik+und+in+China+einst+und+heute&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=Universitas&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-3-8004-1094-1&rft.aulast=Schultz-Naumann&rft.aufirst=Joachim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schultz-Naumann, p. 184</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2016/37/3702.html"><bdi lang="zh">2016年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：青岛市</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Statistics_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China">National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China</a>. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2018</span>. <q><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">统计用区划代码名称 370201000000 市辖区 370202000000 市南区 370203000000 市北区 370211000000 黄岛区 370212000000 崂山区 370213000000 李沧区 370214000000 城阳区 370281000000 胶州市 370282000000 即墨市 370283000000 平度市 370285000000 莱西市</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2016%E5%B9%B4%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E7%94%A8%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%92%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%E5%92%8C%E5%9F%8E%E4%B9%A1%E5%88%92%E5%88%86%E4%BB%A3%E7%A0%81%EF%BC%9A%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%B8%82&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Statistics+of+the+People%27s+Republic+of+China&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.gov.cn%2Ftjsj%2Ftjbz%2Ftjyqhdmhcxhfdm%2F2016%2F37%2F3702.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SDIO-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SDIO_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SDIO_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qdsn.gov.cn/n16/n1114/n1145/n1160/index.html"><bdi lang="zh">自然地理</bdi></a> [Geography] (in Simplified Chinese). Qingdao: Shinan District Information Office. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100602191810/http://www.qdsn.gov.cn/n16/n1114/n1145/n1160/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86&rft.place=Qingdao&rft.pub=Shinan+District+Information+Office&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qdsn.gov.cn%2Fn16%2Fn1114%2Fn1145%2Fn1160%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cma.gov.cn/2011xzt/2014zt/20140417/2014041705/201404/t20140417_243735.html">"青岛地理气候特点-中国气象局政府门户网站"</a>. <i>www.cma.gov.cn</i> (in Chinese (China))<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cma.gov.cn&rft.atitle=%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99%E7%89%B9%E7%82%B9-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B0%94%E8%B1%A1%E5%B1%80%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%97%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cma.gov.cn%2F2011xzt%2F2014zt%2F20140417%2F2014041705%2F201404%2Ft20140417_243735.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130318113757/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger">"无标题文档"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag%3DdataLogger">the original</a> on 18 March 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.jiemian.com&rft.atitle=2019%E5%B9%B4%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9BGDP%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83%EF%BC%8C%E5%90%AB%E9%87%91%E9%87%8F%E5%88%B0%E5%BA%95%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%91%EF%BC%9F%7C%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiemian.com%2Farticle%2F4007720.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epiphone.com/News/Features/News/2007/Gibson-Qingdao-Factory-All-Epiphone-All-The-Time.aspx">"Gibson Qingdao Factory – All Epiphone... All The Time!"</a>. Epiphone.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309223924/http://www.epiphone.com/News/Features/News/2007/Gibson-Qingdao-Factory-All-Epiphone-All-The-Time.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gibson+Qingdao+Factory+%E2%80%93+All+Epiphone...+All+The+Time%21&rft.pub=Epiphone.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epiphone.com%2FNews%2FFeatures%2FNews%2F2007%2FGibson-Qingdao-Factory-All-Epiphone-All-The-Time.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardiner2007" class="citation web cs1">Gardiner, Ginger (July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.compositesworld.com/articles/high-wind-in-china">"High Wind in China"</a>. <i>www.compositesworld.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170525091629/http://www.compositesworld.com/articles/high-wind-in-china">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.compositesworld.com&rft.atitle=High+Wind+in+China&rft.date=2007-07&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=Ginger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.compositesworld.com%2Farticles%2Fhigh-wind-in-china&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116200024/http://glcx.moc.gov.cn/roadMap.jsp"><bdi lang="zh">中国公路信息服务网－公路地图</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). 中国公路信息服务网. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://glcx.moc.gov.cn/roadMap.jsp">the original</a> on 16 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%BD%91%EF%BC%8D%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglcx.moc.gov.cn%2FroadMap.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEimer2011" class="citation news cs1">Eimer, David (8 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/8248197/China-builds-worlds-longest-bridge.html">"China builds world's longest bridge"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180506043910/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/8248197/China-builds-worlds-longest-bridge.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=China+builds+world%27s+longest+bridge&rft.date=2011-01-08&rft.aulast=Eimer&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fasia%2Fchina%2F8248197%2FChina-builds-worlds-longest-bridge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/new-qingdao-model-of-bri-cooperation/">New Qingdao model of BRI cooperation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbrtlog.com/news_read_en.php?temp_content_id=22">Qingdao Port became the first port in the country whose sea-rail combined transport exceeded one mil</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200309/21/eng20030921_124638.shtml">Qingdao port sees upsurge in cargo handling capacity</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050310090903/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200309/21/eng20030921_124638.shtml">Archived</a> 10 March 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. People's Daily. Retrieved on 2012-11-12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aapa-ports.org/Industry/content.cfm?ItemNumber=900#Statistics">"Ports & World Trade"</a>. <i>www.aapa-ports.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110504233752/http://www.aapa-ports.org/Industry/content.cfm?ItemNumber=900#Statistics">Archived</a> from the original on 4 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aapa-ports.org&rft.atitle=Ports+%26+World+Trade&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aapa-ports.org%2FIndustry%2Fcontent.cfm%3FItemNumber%3D900%23Statistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seat61.com/SouthKorea.htm#Ferries%20from%20China">Ferries Korea-China</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100819161509/http://www.seat61.com/SouthKorea.htm#Ferries%20from%20China">Archived</a> 19 August 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Seat61.com. Retrieved on 2012-11-12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qingdao-port.com/en/gywm_1_2.jsp">"About Dongjiakou port"</a>. <i>www.qingdao-port.com/</i>. Qingdao Port International Co. Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107055344/http://www.qingdao-port.com/en/gywm_1_2.jsp">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.qingdao-port.com%2F&rft.atitle=About+Dongjiakou+port&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qingdao-port.com%2Fen%2Fgywm_1_2.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sd-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sd_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cn.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202108/12/WS611497cfa3101e7ce975e5d4.html">"青岛胶东国际机场正式转场运营"</a>. 12 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E8%83%B6%E4%B8%9C%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E8%BD%AC%E5%9C%BA%E8%BF%90%E8%90%A5&rft.date=2021-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcn.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fa%2F202108%2F12%2FWS611497cfa3101e7ce975e5d4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.travelchinaguide.com/china-trains/qingdao-north-station.htm">"Qingdao North Railway Station: Location, Trains, Transportation"</a>. <i>www.travelchinaguide.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.travelchinaguide.com&rft.atitle=Qingdao+North+Railway+Station%3A+Location%2C+Trains%2C+Transportation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelchinaguide.com%2Fchina-trains%2Fqingdao-north-station.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For several years before August 2008, travelers not from Qingdao were often confused because railway tickets to Qingdao showed the destination as "Sifang". Those trains were headed to Qingdao's Sifang station as a temporary measure. Once renovations to the larger Qingdao Railway Station were complete, the name of the destination reverted to "Qingdao".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF杨传忠2012" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">杨传忠 (17 October 2012). <bdi lang="zh">济青高铁建设近年无望济青1小时生活圈得等等</bdi>. <i><a href="/wiki/Qilu_Evening_News" title="Qilu Evening News">Qilu Evening News</a></i> (in Chinese (China)). <q><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">济南铁路局胶济客专公司一位负责人说,胶济客专的客运正线长362.5公里,设计速度最高250公里/小时,现在行车时速为200公里.</span></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Qilu+Evening+News&rft.atitle=%E6%B5%8E%E9%9D%92%E9%AB%98%E9%93%81%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B4%E6%97%A0%E6%9C%9B+%E6%B5%8E%E9%9D%921%E5%B0%8F%E6%97%B6%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%9C%88%E5%BE%97%E7%AD%89%E7%AD%89&rft.date=2012-10-17&rft.au=%E6%9D%A8%E4%BC%A0%E5%BF%A0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130108071141/http://www.qdhcz.net/listmain.asp?dip=menu01"><bdi lang="zh">列车时刻</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). Qingdao railway station. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qdhcz.net/listmain.asp?dip=menu01">the original</a> on 8 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%88%97%E8%BD%A6%E6%97%B6%E5%88%BB&rft.pub=Qingdao+railway+station&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qdhcz.net%2Flistmain.asp%3Fdip%3Dmenu01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.3box.cc/yunzhuifang/138.html"><bdi lang="zh">民生追访：4月10日起青岛至北京一站直达高铁票_555彩票_555彩票娱乐网_555彩票官方认证平台-首页</bdi></a>. <i>www.3box.cc</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.3box.cc&rft.atitle=%E6%B0%91%E7%94%9F%E8%BF%BD%E8%AE%BF%EF%BC%9A4%E6%9C%8810%E6%97%A5%E8%B5%B7%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E8%87%B3%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E4%B8%80%E7%AB%99%E7%9B%B4%E8%BE%BE+%E9%AB%98%E9%93%81%E7%A5%A8_555%E5%BD%A9%E7%A5%A8_555%E5%BD%A9%E7%A5%A8%E5%A8%B1%E4%B9%90%E7%BD%91_555%E5%BD%A9%E7%A5%A8%E5%AE%98%E6%96%B9%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%81%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0-%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.3box.cc%2Fyunzhuifang%2F138.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://qd.ifeng.com/a/20190527/7446762_0.shtml"><bdi lang="zh">青岛发布2018年社会责任报告全年客运总量7.37亿人</bdi></a>. <i>qd.ifeng.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=qd.ifeng.com&rft.atitle=%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%832018%E5%B9%B4%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A+%E5%85%A8%E5%B9%B4%E5%AE%A2%E8%BF%90%E6%80%BB%E9%87%8F7.37%E4%BA%BF%E4%BA%BA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fqd.ifeng.com%2Fa%2F20190527%2F7446762_0.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-QINGDAO_METRO-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-QINGDAO_METRO_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-QINGDAO_METRO_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qd-metro.com/">"QINGDAO METRO"</a>. <i>QINGDAO METRO</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=QINGDAO+METRO&rft.atitle=QINGDAO+METRO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.qd-metro.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2009-08/19/content_8588389.htm">"$4.3 billion budget to boost Qingdao subway construction"</a>. 19 August 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090822160023/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2009-08/19/content_8588389.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 22 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%244.3+billion+budget+to+boost+Qingdao+subway+construction&rft.date=2008-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinadaily.com.cn%2Fchina%2F2009-08%2F19%2Fcontent_8588389.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walravens90-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walravens90_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walravens90_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Walravens, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0F6U82kZXjsC&dq=%22Its+contents+covered+politics+and+economy+but+there+were%22&pg=PA90">90</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102035918/https://books.google.com/books?id=0F6U82kZXjsC&pg=PA90&dq=%22Its+contents+covered+politics+and+economy+but+there+were%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VYSQUN7PKIji8gSkhYGQAQ&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Its%20contents%20covered%20politics%20and%20economy%20but%20there%20were%22&f=false">Archived</a> 2 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walravens91-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walravens91_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walravens91_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Walravens, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0F6U82kZXjsC&dq=%22Hankou+also+had+a+German+paper%22&pg=PA91">91</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102035918/https://books.google.com/books?id=0F6U82kZXjsC&pg=PA91&dq=%22Hankou+also+had+a+German+paper%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9rCQUKP8EpHa8wTm-YCYBA&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Hankou%20also%20had%20a%20German%20paper%22&f=false">Archived</a> 2 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bureau_of_Foreign_and_Domestic_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce">United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nsANAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Tsingtauer+Neueste+Nachrichten%22&pg=PA188">p. 188</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160102035918/https://books.google.com/books?id=nsANAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA188&dq=%22Tsingtauer+Neueste+Nachrichten%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i16UUMScH4uC8ASKooGQDQ&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22Tsingtauer%20Neueste%20Nachrichten%22&f=false">Archived</a> 2 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. "Tageblatt für Nord China, a German paper published in Tientsin, and the leading papers published in Shanghai are also largely read in Tsingtau."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bandao.cn/about/about_us7.shtml">"青岛门户网站半岛网(山东半岛最有影响力的网站)"</a>. Bandao.cn<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E9%9D%92%E5%B2%9B%E9%97%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99+%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B%E7%BD%91%28%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B%E6%9C%80%E6%9C%89%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E5%8A%9B%E7%9A%84%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99%29&rft.pub=Bandao.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bandao.cn%2Fabout%2Fabout_us7.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/qingdao-university-529026">"Qingdao University Ranking"</a>. <i>US. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Belt+and+Road+Collaborative+Innovation+College&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brcic.cn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sailing.org/2008-olympic-games.php">"2008 Beijing Olympic Sailing Competition"</a>. <i>sailing.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sailing.org&rft.atitle=2008+Beijing+Olympic+Sailing+Competition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sailing.org%2F2008-olympic-games.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndyCar2011" class="citation web cs1">IndyCar (10 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111113000145/http://auto-racing.speedtv.com/article/indycar-series-confirms-china-race/">"INDYCAR: Series Confirms China Race"</a>. <i>SPEED Channel</i>. Fox Sports. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://auto-racing.speedtv.com/article/indycar-series-confirms-china-race">the original</a> on 13 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SPEED+Channel&rft.atitle=INDYCAR%3A+Series+Confirms+China+Race&rft.date=2011-11-10&rft.au=IndyCar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fauto-racing.speedtv.com%2Farticle%2Findycar-series-confirms-china-race&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181215123731/https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/indycar-scheduled-august-race-in-china-has-been-canceled/2012/06/13/gJQAE8bZaV_story.html">"IndyCar scheduled August race in China has been canceled"</a>. Washington Posts. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/indycar-scheduled-august-race-in-china-has-been-canceled/2012/06/13/gJQAE8bZaV_story.html">the original</a> on 15 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=IndyCar+scheduled+August+race+in+China+has+been+canceled&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fsports%2Findycar-scheduled-august-race-in-china-has-been-canceled%2F2012%2F06%2F13%2FgJQAE8bZaV_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/travel/qingdao/node_7098052.htm">"Qingdao sister cities"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qingdao+sister+cities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.org.cn%2Ftravel%2Fqingdao%2Fnode_7098052.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190719050810/https://www.cityofadelaide.com.au/about-adelaide/general-information/sister-cities/qingdao-china/">"Qingdao - Sister city of Adelaide"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cityofadelaide.com.au/about-adelaide/general-information/sister-cities/qingdao-china/">the original</a> on 19 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qingdao+-+Sister+city+of+Adelaide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityofadelaide.com.au%2Fabout-adelaide%2Fgeneral-information%2Fsister-cities%2Fqingdao-china%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.app.com.pk/global/faisalabad-qingdao-sign-letter-of-intent-to-develop-sister-city-ties/">"Faisalabad, Qingdao sign Letter of Intent to develop sister city ties"</a>. Associated Press of Pakistan. 27 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Faisalabad%2C+Qingdao+sign+Letter+of+Intent+to+develop+sister+city+ties&rft.date=2021-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.app.com.pk%2Fglobal%2Ffaisalabad-qingdao-sign-letter-of-intent-to-develop-sister-city-ties%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQingdao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Gottschall, Terrell D. <i>By Order of the Kaiser: Otto von Diederichs and the Rise of the Imperial German Navy 1865–1902</i>. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-309-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-309-5">1-55750-309-5</a></li> <li>Schultz-Naumann, Joachim. <i>Unter Kaisers Flagge: Deutschlands Schutzgebiete im Pazifik und in China einst und heute</i> [Under the Kaiser's Flag, Germany's Protectorates in the Pacific and in China then and today]. Munich: Universitas Verlag. 1985.</li> <li><i>Miscellaneous series, Issues 7–11</i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Foreign_and_Domestic_Commerce" title="Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce">Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce</a>, 1912.</li> <li>Walravens, Hartmut. "German Influence on the Press in China". In: <i>Newspapers in International Librarianship: Papers Presented by the Newspaper Section at IFLA General Conferences</i>. <a href="/wiki/Walter_de_Gruyter" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter de Gruyter">Walter de Gruyter</a>, 1 January 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3110962799" title="Special:BookSources/3110962799">3110962799</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783110962796" title="Special:BookSources/9783110962796">9783110962796</a>. <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030617073505/http://ifla.queenslibrary.org/IV/ifla62/62-walh.htm">Also available at</a> the website of the <a href="/wiki/Queens_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Queens Library">Queens Library</a> – This version does not include the footnotes visible in the Walter de Gruyter version.</li> <li>Also available in Walravens, Hartmut, and Edmund King. <i>Newspapers in international librarianship: papers presented by the section of the newspaper at IFLA General Conferences</i>. <a href="/wiki/K.G._Saur" class="mw-redirect" title="K.G. Saur">K.G. Saur</a>, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3598218370" title="Special:BookSources/3598218370">3598218370</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783598218378" title="Special:BookSources/9783598218378">9783598218378</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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/></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Qingdao" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Qingdao">Qingdao</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Qingdao" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Qingdao">Qingdao</a></b></i>, <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Tsingtao" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Tsingtao">Tsingtao</a></b></i>, or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ch%27ing-tao" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Ch'ing-tao">Ch'ing-tao</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Qingdao#Q170322" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Qingdao">Qingdao</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qingdao.gov.cn">Qingdao Government website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qdiap.com">Qingdao International Academician Port website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Chinese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sicas.cn/">Study in China Admission System（中国高等院校国际招生管理服务系统） website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_city_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-provincial city in the People's Republic of China">Sub-provincial cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shizhong_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Shizhong District, Jinan">Shizhong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianqiao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tianqiao District">Tianqiao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lixia_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lixia District">Lixia District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licheng_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Licheng District, Jinan">Licheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaiyin_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Huaiyin District, Jinan">Huaiyin District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changqing_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changqing District">Changqing District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District">Zhangqiu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiyang_District,_Jinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiyang District, Jinan">Jiyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Gangcheng District">Gangcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiwu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laiwu District">Laiwu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyin_County" title="Pingyin County">Pingyin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghe_County" title="Shanghe County">Shanghe County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Qingdao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shinan District">Shinan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibei_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shibei District">Shibei District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Licang District">Licang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laoshan District">Laoshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengyang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chengyang District">Chengyang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangdao,_Qingdao" title="Huangdao, Qingdao">Huangdao District</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Huangdao,_Qingdao" title="Huangdao, Qingdao">West Coast New Area</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo District">Jimo District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_City" title="Jiaozhou City">Jiaozhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdu" title="Pingdu">Pingdu</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laixi" title="Laixi">Laixi</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhangdian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangdian District">Zhangdian District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Linzi District">Linzi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zichuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zichuan District">Zichuan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boshan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Boshan District">Boshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoucun_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhoucun District">Zhoucun District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huantai_County" title="Huantai County">Huantai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoqing_County" title="Gaoqing County">Gaoqing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyuan_County" title="Yiyuan County">Yiyuan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shizhong_District,_Zaozhuang" class="mw-redirect" title="Shizhong District, Zaozhuang">Shizhong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanting_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shanting District">Shanting District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yicheng_District,_Zaozhuang" class="mw-redirect" title="Yicheng District, Zaozhuang">Yicheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27erzhuang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Tai'erzhuang District">Tai'erzhuang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuecheng_District" title="Xuecheng District">Xuecheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengzhou" title="Tengzhou">Tengzhou</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongying_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongying District">Dongying District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hekou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hekou District">Hekou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenli_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenli District">Kenli District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangrao_County" title="Guangrao County">Guangrao County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijin_County" title="Lijin County">Lijin County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhifu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhifu District">Zhifu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Muping District">Muping District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fushan District">Fushan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laishan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Laishan District">Laishan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai District">Penglai District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longkou" title="Longkou">Longkou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiyang" title="Haiyang">Haiyang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyang" title="Laiyang">Laiyang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou" title="Laizhou">Laizhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoyuan,_Shandong" title="Zhaoyuan, Shandong">Zhaoyuan</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia,_Shandong" title="Qixia, Shandong">Qixia</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Weicheng_District,_Weifang" class="mw-redirect" title="Weicheng District, Weifang">Weicheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanting_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanting District">Hanting District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangzi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fangzi District">Fangzi District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiwen_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuiwen District">Kuiwen District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqiu" title="Anqiu">Anqiu</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changyi,_Shandong" title="Changyi, Shandong">Changyi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaomi" title="Gaomi">Gaomi</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhucheng" title="Zhucheng">Zhucheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shouguang" title="Shouguang">Shouguang</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linqu_County" title="Linqu County">Linqu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changle_County" title="Changle County">Changle County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shizhong_District,_Jining" class="mw-redirect" title="Shizhong District, Jining">Shizhong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rencheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Rencheng District">Rencheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanzhou District">Yanzhou District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoucheng" title="Zoucheng">Zoucheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weishan_County,_Shandong" title="Weishan County, Shandong">Weishan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutai_County" title="Yutai County">Yutai County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinxiang_County" title="Jinxiang County">Jinxiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxiang_County" title="Jiaxiang County">Jiaxiang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshang_County" title="Wenshang County">Wenshang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sishui_County" title="Sishui County">Sishui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangshan_County" title="Liangshan County">Liangshan County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taishan_District,_Tai%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Taishan District, Tai'an">Taishan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daiyue_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Daiyue District">Daiyue District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xintai" title="Xintai">Xintai</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feicheng" title="Feicheng">Feicheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningyang_County" title="Ningyang County">Ningyang County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongping_County" title="Dongping County">Dongping County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Huancui_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Huancui District">Huancui District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendeng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wendeng District">Wendeng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushan,_Shandong" title="Rushan, Shandong">Rushan</a> city</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donggang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Donggang District">Donggang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanshan_District,_Rizhao" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanshan District, Rizhao">Lanshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulian_County" title="Wulian County">Wulian County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ju_County" title="Ju County">Ju County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanshan_District,_Linyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanshan District, Linyi">Lanshan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luozhuang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Luozhuang District">Luozhuang District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedong_District,_Linyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hedong District, Linyi">Hedong District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tancheng_County" title="Tancheng County">Tancheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanling_County" title="Lanling County">Lanling County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junan_County" title="Junan County">Junan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yishui_County" title="Yishui County">Yishui County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengyin_County" title="Mengyin County">Mengyin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyi_County" title="Pingyi County">Pingyi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fei_County" title="Fei County">Fei County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinan_County" title="Yinan County">Yinan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linshu_County" title="Linshu County">Linshu County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Decheng District">Decheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingcheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingcheng District">Lingcheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoling" title="Laoling">Laoling</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucheng,_Shandong" title="Yucheng, Shandong">Yucheng</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingyuan_County,_Shandong" title="Pingyuan County, Shandong">Pingyuan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiajin_County" title="Xiajin County">Xiajin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wucheng_County" title="Wucheng County">Wucheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qihe_County" title="Qihe County">Qihe County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi_County,_Dezhou" title="Linyi County, Dezhou">Linyi County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningjin_County,_Shandong" title="Ningjin County, Shandong">Ningjin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyun_County" title="Qingyun County">Qingyun County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dongchangfu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongchangfu District">Dongchangfu District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiping_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiping District">Chiping District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linqing" title="Linqing">Linqing</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanggu_County,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanggu County, Shandong">Yanggu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shen_County" title="Shen County">Shen County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dong%27e_County" title="Dong'e County">Dong'e County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guan_County,_Shandong" title="Guan County, Shandong">Guan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaotang_County" title="Gaotang County">Gaotang County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bincheng_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bincheng District">Bincheng District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanhua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhanhua District">Zhanhua District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zouping" title="Zouping">Zouping</a> city</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_County" title="Boxing County">Boxing County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huimin_County" title="Huimin County">Huimin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangxin_County,_Shandong" title="Yangxin County, Shandong">Yangxin County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudi_County" title="Wudi County">Wudi County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mudan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudan District">Mudan District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingtao_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dingtao District">Dingtao District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cao_County" title="Cao County">Cao County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengwu_County" title="Chengwu County">Chengwu County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_County" title="Shan County">Shan County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juye_County" title="Juye County">Juye County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng_County" title="Yuncheng County">Yuncheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juancheng_County" title="Juancheng County">Juancheng County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongming_County" title="Dongming County">Dongming County</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Shandong_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Shandong_topics" title="Template:Shandong topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Shandong_topics" title="Template talk:Shandong topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Shandong_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Shandong topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shandong_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_current_and_former_capitals_of_subnational_entities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current and former capitals of subnational entities of China">capital</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Shandong" title="Category:Shandong">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong#History" title="Shandong">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Shandong" title="Politics of Shandong">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong#Economy" title="Shandong">Economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Shandong" title="Category:Geography of Shandong">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_craton" class="mw-redirect" title="North China craton">North China craton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tai" title="Mount Tai">Mount Tai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Peninsula" title="Shandong Peninsula">Shandong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hai_He" class="mw-redirect" title="Hai He">Hai He</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Canal of China">Grand Canal of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weishan_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Weishan Lake">Weishan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou_Bay" title="Laizhou Bay">Laizhou Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Sea" title="Yellow Sea">Yellow Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Shandong" title="List of universities and colleges in Shandong">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_University" title="Shandong University">Shandong University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_University_of_China" title="Ocean University of China">Ocean University of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_University_of_Petroleum" title="China University of Petroleum">China University of Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_Normal_University" title="Shandong Normal University">Shandong Normal University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong#Culture" title="Shandong">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BC_opera" title="Lü opera">Lü opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji_Lu_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ji Lu Mandarin">Ji Lu Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhongyuan Mandarin">Zhongyuan Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiao_Liao_Mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiao Liao Mandarin">Jiao Liao Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingdao_dialect" title="Qingdao dialect">Qingdao dialect</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Cuisine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shandong_cuisine" title="Shandong cuisine">Shandong cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braised_Chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Braised Chicken">Braised Chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haw_flakes" title="Haw flakes">Haw flakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moo_shu_pork" title="Moo shu pork">Moo shu pork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha_tang" class="mw-redirect" title="Sha tang">Sha tang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visitor attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sites_in_Jinan" title="List of sites in Jinan">List of sites in Jinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotu_Spring" title="Baotu Spring">Baotu Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daming_Lake" title="Daming Lake">Daming Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Buddha_Mountain" title="Thousand Buddha Mountain">Thousand Buddha Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyan_Temple_(Jinan)" title="Lingyan Temple (Jinan)">Lingyan Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizhi_Pagoda" title="Pizhi Pagoda">Pizhi Pagoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_Qi" title="Great Wall of Qi">Great Wall of Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai City">Penglai City</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Qingdao beach resort city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_of_Confucius,_Qufu" title="Temple of Confucius, Qufu">Temple and Cemetery of Confucius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shou_Qiu" title="Shou Qiu">Shou Qiu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Shandong" title="Category:Shandong">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shandong" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Shandong">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Metropolitan_cities_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Template talk:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan_cities_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan cities of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metropolitan_cities_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China_by_population" title="List of cities in China by population">Metropolitan cities of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_metropolitan_regions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megalopolises_in_China" title="Megalopolises in China">Major metropolitan regions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jing-Jin-Ji" title="Jing-Jin-Ji">Jing-Jin-Ji (BJ-TJ-HE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangdong%E2%80%93Hong_Kong%E2%80%93Macau_Greater_Bay_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area">Greater Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Delta" title="Yangtze Delta">Yangtze Delta (SH-JS-ZJ)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongyuan_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongyuan Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Zhongyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chengyu_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chengyu Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Chengyu</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cross-Strait_Western_Coastal_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cross-Strait Western Coastal Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Cross-Strait Western Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guanzhong_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guanzhong Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Guanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mid-Southern_Liaoning_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mid-Southern Liaoning Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Mid-Southern Liaoning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shandong_Peninsula_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shandong Peninsula Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Shandong Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yangtze_River_Midstream_Metropolitan_Region&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yangtze River Midstream Metropolitan Region (page does not exist)">Yangtze River Midstream (Yangtze River Valley)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Major_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major cities</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">National Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a><sup>a</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a><sup>a2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a><sup>a2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Central_City" class="mw-redirect" title="National Central City">Regional Central Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a><sup>b2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing">Nanjing</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Qingdao</a><sup>c2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang">Shenyang</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a><sup>b</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a><sup>c1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a><sup>b</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provincial capitals<br />(<a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang">Guiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou">Haikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei">Hefei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming">Kunming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou">Lanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang">Shijiazhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining">Xining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei">Taibei</a></i><sup>5</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous regional capitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot">Hohhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)">Lhasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning">Nanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi">Ürümqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan">Yinchuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparatively large cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prefecture-level_cities_by_province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_city" title="Prefecture-level city">Prefecture-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shijiazhuang*</li> <li>Tangshan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li>Handan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Taiyuan*</li> <li>Datong*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hohhot*</li> <li>Baotou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Shenyang*</li> <li>Dalian*</li> <li>Anshan*</li> <li>Fushun*</li> <li>Benxi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changchun*</li> <li>Jilin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Harbin*</li> <li>Qiqihar*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yīchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanjing*</li> <li>Wuxi*</li> <li>Xuzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>Suzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Tàizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hangzhou*</li> <li>Ningbo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Tāizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Hefei*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li>Huainan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Sùzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Fuzhou*</li> <li>Xiamen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanchang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yíchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fǔzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Jinan*</li> <li>Qingdao*</li> <li>Zibo*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiwu" title="Laiwu">Laiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Zhengzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li>Luoyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuhan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changsha*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guangzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li>Shenzhen*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaozhou" title="Chaozhou">Chaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nanning*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yùlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Haikou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chengdu*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Guiyang*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Kunming*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lhasa*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xi'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yúlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lanzhou*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Xining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yinchuan*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Ürümqi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_cities_(partly_shown_below)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China">Other cities</a> (partly shown below)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" title="Prefectures of China">Prefecture-level capitals</a><br />(County-level)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ulanhot" title="Ulanhot">Ulanhot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilinhot" title="Xilinhot">Xilinhot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiagedaqi_District" title="Jiagedaqi District">Jiagedaqi</a><sup>3</sup>, <a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_City" title="Enshi City">Enshi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jishou" title="Jishou">Jishou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>：<a href="/wiki/Xichang" title="Xichang">Xichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangding" title="Kangding">Kangding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barkam" title="Barkam">Barkam</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xingyi,_Guizhou" title="Xingyi, Guizhou">Xingyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaili_City" title="Kaili City">Kaili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duyun" title="Duyun">Duyun</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_City" title="Chuxiong City">Chuxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzi_City" title="Mengzi City">Mengzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_City" title="Wenshan City">Wenshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinghong" title="Jinghong">Jinghong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_City" title="Dali City">Dali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangshi" title="Mangshi">Mangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangri-La,_Yunnan" title="Shangri-La, Yunnan">Shangri-La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushui" title="Lushui">Lushui</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a>: <a href="/wiki/Linxia_City" title="Linxia City">Linxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezuo" title="Hezuo">Hezuo</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yushu_City,_Qinghai" title="Yushu City, Qinghai">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delingha" title="Delingha">Delingha</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>: <a href="/wiki/Changji" title="Changji">Changji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bole,_Xinjiang" title="Bole, Xinjiang">Bole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korla" title="Korla">Korla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yining" title="Yining">Yining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artush" title="Artush">Artush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_City" title="Aksu City">Aksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan" title="Hotan">Hotan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng" title="Tacheng">Tacheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_City" title="Altay City">Altay</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Province-governed cities<br />(Sub-prefecture-level)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan">Jiyuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a>: <a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao">Xiantao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei">Qiánjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen">Tianmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia">Shennongjia</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a><sup>1</sup>: <a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City">Wuzhishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai">Qionghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang">Wenchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning">Wanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan">Dongfang</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> - <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang_Production_and_Construction_Corps" title="Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps">XPCC(Bingtuan) cities</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi">Shihezi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang">Aral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk">Tumxuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu">Wujiaqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitun_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Beitun City">Beitun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City">Tiemenguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe">Shuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala">Kokdala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang">Kunyu</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_China" title="Prefectures of China">Former Prefecture-level cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a>，<a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongchuan_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongchuan District">Dongchuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashi_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Shashi District">Shashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Fuling_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuling District">Fuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanzhou_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanzhou District">Wanxian</a>)</li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub-prefecture-level cities</a><br />(Prefecture-governed)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qian%27an,_Hebei" title="Qian'an, Hebei">Qian'an, Hebei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzhouli" title="Manzhouli">Manzhouli, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erenhot" title="Erenhot">Erenhot, Inner Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golmud" title="Golmud">Golmud, Qinghai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="County-level_cities_by_province" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/County-level_city" title="County-level city">County-level cities</a> by province</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinji" title="Xinji">Xinji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou,_Hebei" title="Jinzhou, Hebei">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinle,_Hebei" title="Xinle, Hebei">Xinle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunhua" title="Zunhua">Zunhua</a></li> <li>Qian'an*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wu%27an" title="Wu'an">Wu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangong" title="Nangong">Nangong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahe,_Hebei" title="Shahe, Hebei">Shahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuozhou" title="Zhuozhou">Zhuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingzhou" title="Dingzhou">Dingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anguo" title="Anguo">Anguo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaobeidian" title="Gaobeidian">Gaobeidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botou" title="Botou">Botou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renqiu" title="Renqiu">Renqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanghua" title="Huanghua">Huanghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejian" title="Hejian">Hejian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhou,_Hebei" title="Bazhou, Hebei">Bazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhe,_Hebei" title="Sanhe, Hebei">Sanhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_City" title="Shenzhou City">Shenzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujiao" title="Gujiao">Gujiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucheng_District,_Changzhi" title="Lucheng District, Changzhi">Lucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoping" title="Gaoping">Gaoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiexiu" title="Jiexiu">Jiexiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongji,_Shanxi" title="Yongji, Shanxi">Yongji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hejin" title="Hejin">Hejin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanping" title="Yuanping">Yuanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houma,_Shanxi" title="Houma, Shanxi">Houma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huozhou" title="Huozhou">Huozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoyi" title="Xiaoyi">Xiaoyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenyang" title="Fenyang">Fenyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holingol" title="Holingol">Holingol</a></li> <li>Manzhouli*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakeshi" title="Yakeshi">Yakeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalantun" title="Zalantun">Zhalantun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ergun_City" title="Ergun City">Ergun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genhe" title="Genhe">Genhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengzhen" title="Fengzhen">Fengzhen</a></li> <li>Ulanhot*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arxan" title="Arxan">Arxan</a></li> <li>Erenhot*</li> <li>Xilinhot*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinmin,_Liaoning" title="Xinmin, Liaoning">Xinmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafangdian" title="Wafangdian">Wafangdian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuanghe" title="Zhuanghe">Zhuanghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haicheng,_Liaoning" title="Haicheng, Liaoning">Haicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donggang,_Liaoning" title="Donggang, Liaoning">Donggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Liaoning" title="Fengcheng, Liaoning">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linghai" title="Linghai">Linghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beizhen" title="Beizhen">Beizhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaizhou" title="Gaizhou">Gaizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashiqiao" title="Dashiqiao">Dashiqiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengta" title="Dengta">Dengta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaobingshan" title="Diaobingshan">Diaobingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Liaoning" title="Kaiyuan, Liaoning">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beipiao" title="Beipiao">Beipiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingyuan" title="Lingyuan">Lingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingcheng" title="Xingcheng">Xingcheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yushu,_Jilin" title="Yushu, Jilin">Yushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehui" title="Dehui">Dehui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaohe,_Jilin" title="Jiaohe, Jilin">Jiaohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huadian,_Jilin" title="Huadian, Jilin">Huadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulan" title="Shulan">Shulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panshi" title="Panshi">Panshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongzhuling" title="Gongzhuling">Gongzhuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangliao" title="Shuangliao">Shuangliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meihekou" title="Meihekou">Meihekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an,_Jilin" title="Ji'an, Jilin">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linjiang" title="Linjiang">Linjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu,_Jilin" title="Fuyu, Jilin">Fuyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taonan" title="Taonan">Taonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da%27an,_Jilin" title="Da'an, Jilin">Da'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanji" title="Yanji">Yanji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumen,_Jilin" title="Tumen, Jilin">Tumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhua" title="Dunhua">Dunhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunchun" title="Hunchun">Hunchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjing,_Jilin" title="Longjing, Jilin">Longjing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helong" title="Helong">Helong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shangzhi" title="Shangzhi">Shangzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchang_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Wuchang District">Wuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehe" title="Nehe">Nehe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulin" title="Hulin">Hulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishan" title="Mishan">Mishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieli" title="Tieli">Tieli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongjiang,_Heilongjiang" title="Tongjiang, Heilongjiang">Tongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujin_City" title="Fujin City">Fujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyuan,_Heilongjiang" title="Fuyuan, Heilongjiang">Fuyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suifenhe" title="Suifenhe">Suifenhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailin" title="Hailin">Hailin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ning%27an" title="Ning'an">Ning'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muling" title="Muling">Muling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongning,_Heilongjiang" title="Dongning, Heilongjiang">Dongning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bei%27an" title="Bei'an">Bei'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wudalianchi" title="Wudalianchi">Wudalianchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anda,_Heilongjiang" title="Anda, Heilongjiang">Anda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaodong" title="Zhaodong">Zhaodong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hailun" title="Hailun">Hailun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyin" title="Jiangyin">Jiangyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yixing" title="Yixing">Yixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Jiangsu" title="Xinyi, Jiangsu">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizhou" title="Pizhou">Pizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liyang" title="Liyang">Liyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changshu" title="Changshu">Changshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiagang" title="Zhangjiagang">Zhangjiagang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunshan" title="Kunshan">Kunshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taicang" title="Taicang">Taicang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qidong,_Jiangsu" title="Qidong, Jiangsu">Qidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugao" title="Rugao">Rugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Haimen">Haimen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongtai" title="Dongtai">Dongtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yizheng" title="Yizheng">Yizheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaoyou" title="Gaoyou">Gaoyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danyang,_Jiangsu" title="Danyang, Jiangsu">Danyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhong" title="Yangzhong">Yangzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurong,_Jiangsu" title="Jurong, Jiangsu">Jurong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingjiang" title="Jingjiang">Jingjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taixing" title="Taixing">Taixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinghua,_Jiangsu" title="Xinghua, Jiangsu">Xinghua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiande" title="Jiande">Jiande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lin%27an_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Lin'an District">Lin'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuyao" title="Yuyao">Yuyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixi,_Zhejiang" title="Cixi, Zhejiang">Cixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenghua_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Fenghua District">Fenghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui%27an" title="Rui'an">Rui'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueqing" title="Yueqing">Yueqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haining" title="Haining">Haining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinghu" title="Pinghu">Pinghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongxiang" title="Tongxiang">Tongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuji" title="Zhuji">Zhuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shengzhou" title="Shengzhou">Shengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanxi,_Zhejiang" title="Lanxi, Zhejiang">Lanxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiwu" title="Yiwu">Yiwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongyang" title="Dongyang">Dongyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongkang,_Zhejiang" title="Yongkang, Zhejiang">Yongkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangshan" title="Jiangshan">Jiangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenling" title="Wenling">Wenling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linhai" title="Linhai">Linhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longquan" title="Longquan">Longquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaohu" title="Chaohu">Chaohu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieshou" title="Jieshou">Jieshou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongcheng,_Anhui" title="Tongcheng, Anhui">Tongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianchang" title="Tianchang">Tianchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingguang" title="Mingguang">Mingguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningguo" title="Ningguo">Ningguo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fuqing" title="Fuqing">Fuqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changle_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Changle District">Changle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong%27an" title="Yong'an">Yong'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishi,_Fujian" title="Shishi, Fujian">Shishi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinjiang,_Fujian" class="mw-redirect" title="Jinjiang, Fujian">Jinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nan%27an,_Fujian" title="Nan'an, Fujian">Nan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhai_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Longhai City">Longhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaowu" title="Shaowu">Shaowu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuyishan,_Fujian" title="Wuyishan, Fujian">Wuyishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jian%27ou" title="Jian'ou">Jian'ou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangping" title="Zhangping">Zhangping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fu%27an" title="Fu'an">Fu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuding" title="Fuding">Fuding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leping" title="Leping">Leping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruichang" title="Ruichang">Ruichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gongqingcheng" title="Gongqingcheng">Gongqingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lushan_City" title="Lushan City">Lushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guixi" title="Guixi">Guixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruijin" title="Ruijin">Ruijin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggangshan_City" title="Jinggangshan City">Jinggangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fengcheng,_Jiangxi" title="Fengcheng, Jiangxi">Fengcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangshu" title="Zhangshu">Zhangshu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gao%27an" title="Gao'an">Gao'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexing,_Jiangxi" title="Dexing, Jiangxi">Dexing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhangqiu_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangqiu District">Zhangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozhou_City" title="Jiaozhou City">Jiaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimo_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jimo District">Jimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdu" title="Pingdu">Pingdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laixi" title="Laixi">Laixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengzhou" title="Tengzhou">Tengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longkou" title="Longkou">Longkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laiyang" title="Laiyang">Laiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laizhou" title="Laizhou">Laizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penglai,_Shandong" class="mw-redirect" title="Penglai, Shandong">Penglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoyuan,_Shandong" title="Zhaoyuan, Shandong">Zhaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixia,_Shandong" title="Qixia, Shandong">Qixia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiyang" title="Haiyang">Haiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhou" title="Qingzhou">Qingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhucheng" title="Zhucheng">Zhucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shouguang" title="Shouguang">Shouguang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqiu" title="Anqiu">Anqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaomi" title="Gaomi">Gaomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changyi,_Shandong" title="Changyi, Shandong">Changyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoucheng" title="Zoucheng">Zoucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xintai" title="Xintai">Xintai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feicheng" title="Feicheng">Feicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongcheng,_Shandong" title="Rongcheng, Shandong">Rongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushan,_Shandong" title="Rushan, Shandong">Rushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laoling" title="Laoling">Laoling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yucheng,_Shandong" title="Yucheng, Shandong">Yucheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linqing" title="Linqing">Linqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gongyi" title="Gongyi">Gongyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingyang" title="Xingyang">Xingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinmi" title="Xinmi">Xinmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzheng" title="Xinzheng">Xinzheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengfeng" title="Dengfeng">Dengfeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanshi" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanshi">Yanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Henan" title="Wugang, Henan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzhou" title="Ruzhou">Ruzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linzhou,_Henan" title="Linzhou, Henan">Linzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihui" title="Weihui">Weihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huixian" title="Huixian">Huixian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinyang" title="Qinyang">Qinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mengzhou" title="Mengzhou">Mengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzhou,_Henan" title="Yuzhou, Henan">Yuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changge" title="Changge">Changge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yima,_Henan" title="Yima, Henan">Yima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingbao_City" title="Lingbao City">Lingbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dengzhou" title="Dengzhou">Dengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongcheng" title="Yongcheng">Yongcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangcheng_City" title="Xiangcheng City">Xiangcheng</a></li> <li>Jiyuan*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daye" title="Daye">Daye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danjiangkou" title="Danjiangkou">Danjiangkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yidu" title="Yidu">Yidu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangyang" title="Dangyang">Dangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhijiang,_Hubei" title="Zhijiang, Hubei">Zhijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laohekou" title="Laohekou">Laohekou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaoyang" title="Zaoyang">Zaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yicheng,_Hubei" title="Yicheng, Hubei">Yicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongxiang" title="Zhongxiang">Zhongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingcheng" title="Yingcheng">Yingcheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anlu" title="Anlu">Anlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanchuan" title="Hanchuan">Hanchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shishou" title="Shishou">Shishou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghu" title="Honghu">Honghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songzi" title="Songzi">Songzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macheng" title="Macheng">Macheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxue" title="Wuxue">Wuxue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chibi,_Hubei" title="Chibi, Hubei">Chibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangshui" title="Guangshui">Guangshui</a></li> <li>Enshi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichuan,_Hubei" title="Lichuan, Hubei">Lichuan</a></li> <li>Xiantao*</li> <li>Qianjiang*</li> <li>Tianmen*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liuyang" title="Liuyang">Liuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liling" title="Liling">Liling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxiang" title="Xiangxiang">Xiangxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoshan" title="Shaoshan">Shaoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leiyang" title="Leiyang">Leiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changning,_Hunan" title="Changning, Hunan">Changning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wugang,_Hunan" title="Wugang, Hunan">Wugang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miluo_City" title="Miluo City">Miluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxiang,_Hunan" title="Linxiang, Hunan">Linxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinshi_City" title="Jinshi City">Jinshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuanjiang" title="Yuanjiang">Yuanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zixing" title="Zixing">Zixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongjiang" title="Hongjiang">Hongjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengshuijiang" title="Lengshuijiang">Lengshuijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyuan" title="Lianyuan">Lianyuan</a></li> <li>Jishou*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lechang" title="Lechang">Lechang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanxiong" title="Nanxiong">Nanxiong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taishan,_Guangdong" title="Taishan, Guangdong">Taishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiping" title="Kaiping">Kaiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangdong" title="Heshan, Guangdong">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enping" title="Enping">Enping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianjiang,_Guangdong" title="Lianjiang, Guangdong">Lianjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leizhou" title="Leizhou">Leizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuchuan,_Guangdong" title="Wuchuan, Guangdong">Wuchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaozhou" title="Gaozhou">Gaozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huazhou,_Guangdong" title="Huazhou, Guangdong">Huazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyi,_Guangdong" title="Xinyi, Guangdong">Xinyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihui" title="Sihui">Sihui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingning,_Guangdong" title="Xingning, Guangdong">Xingning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lufeng,_Guangdong" title="Lufeng, Guangdong">Lufeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangchun" title="Yangchun">Yangchun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingde" title="Yingde">Yingde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianzhou" title="Lianzhou">Lianzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puning" title="Puning">Puning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoding" title="Luoding">Luoding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cenxi" title="Cenxi">Cenxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongxing,_Guangxi" title="Dongxing, Guangxi">Dongxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiping" title="Guiping">Guiping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beiliu" title="Beiliu">Beiliu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingxi,_Guangxi" title="Jingxi, Guangxi">Jingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Prefecture_(Guangxi)" title="Yi Prefecture (Guangxi)">Yizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heshan,_Guangxi" title="Heshan, Guangxi">Heshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang,_Guangxi" title="Pingxiang, Guangxi">Pingxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Wuzhishan*</li> <li>Qionghai*</li> <li>Wenchang*</li> <li>Wanning*</li> <li>Dongfang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dujiangyan_City" title="Dujiangyan City">Dujiangyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pengzhou" title="Pengzhou">Pengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qionglai_City" title="Qionglai City">Qionglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzhou" title="Chongzhou">Chongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianyang,_Sichuan" title="Jianyang, Sichuan">Jianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanghan" title="Guanghan">Guanghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shifang" title="Shifang">Shifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianzhu" title="Mianzhu">Mianzhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangyou" title="Jiangyou">Jiangyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emeishan_City" title="Emeishan City">Emeishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langzhong" title="Langzhong">Langzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaying" title="Huaying">Huaying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanyuan" title="Wanyuan">Wanyuan</a></li> <li>Barkam*</li> <li>Kangding*</li> <li>Xichang*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhen" title="Qingzhen">Qingzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chishui_City" title="Chishui City">Chishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renhuai" title="Renhuai">Renhuai</a></li> <li>Xingyi*</li> <li>Kaili*</li> <li>Duyun*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuquan,_Guizhou" title="Fuquan, Guizhou">Fuquan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anning,_Yunnan" title="Anning, Yunnan">Anning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuanwei" title="Xuanwei">Xuanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengchong" title="Tengchong">Tengchong</a></li> <li>Chuxiong*</li> <li>Mengzi*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gejiu" title="Gejiu">Gejiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan,_Yunnan" title="Kaiyuan, Yunnan">Kaiyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_City" title="Mile City">Mile</a></li> <li>Wenshan*</li> <li>Jinghong*</li> <li>Dali*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruili" title="Ruili">Ruili</a></li> <li>Mangshi*</li> <li>Lushui*</li> <li>Shangri-La*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(none)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xingping" title="Xingping">Xingping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancheng" title="Hancheng">Hancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huayin" title="Huayin">Huayin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yumen_City" title="Yumen City">Yumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunhuang" title="Dunhuang">Dunhuang</a></li> <li>Linxia*</li> <li>Hezuo*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Yushu*</li> <li>Golmud*</li> <li>Delingha*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lingwu" title="Lingwu">Lingwu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingtongxia" title="Qingtongxia">Qingtongxia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Changji*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fukang" title="Fukang">Fukang</a></li> <li>Bole*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alashankou" title="Alashankou">Alashankou</a></li> <li>Korla*</li> <li>Aksu*</li> <li>Artush*</li> <li>Kashgar*</li> <li>Hotan*</li> <li>Yining*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuytun" title="Kuytun">Kuytun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Khorgas">Korgas</a></li> <li>Tacheng*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wusu" title="Wusu">Wusu</a></li> <li>Altay*</li> <li>Shihezi*</li> <li>Aral*</li> <li>Tumxuk*</li> <li>Wujiaqu*</li> <li>Beitun*</li> <li>Tiemenguan*</li> <li>Shuanghe*</li> <li>Kokdala*</li> <li>Kunyu*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i><sup>5</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>(none)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Notes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">Notes</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">* Indicates this city has already occurred above.<br /> <p><sup>a</sup><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a>. <sup>b</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals</a>. <sup>c</sup><a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division" title="Sub-provincial division">Separate state-planning cities</a>. <sup>1</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special economic-zone cities</a>. <sup>2</sup><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Open coastal cities</a>.<br /> <sup>3</sup>Prefecture capital status established by Heilongjiang Province and not recognized by Ministry of Civil Affairs. Disputed by <a href="/wiki/Oroqen_Autonomous_Banner" title="Oroqen Autonomous Banner">Oroqen Autonomous Banner</a>, Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia as part of it.<br /> <sup>4</sup>Only administers islands and waters in South China Sea and have no urban core comparable to typical cities in China.<br /> <sup>5</sup>The claimed province of <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a> no longer have any internal division announced by Ministry of Civil Affairs of PRC, due to lack of actual jurisdiction. See <a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_divisions_of_Taiwan" title="Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan">Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan</a> instead.<br /> </p> All provincial capitals are listed first in prefecture-level cities by province.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Template talk:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level_divisions_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=China&#124;alt=China_Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prefecture-level_divisions_of_China" title="Prefecture-level divisions of China">Prefecture-level divisions of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Notes: *<b><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_current_and_former_capitals_of_the_subdivisions_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the current and former capitals of the subdivisions of China">Provincial capitals</a></b>, ★<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_municipalities" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial cities</a>, ☆<a href="/wiki/Sub-provincial_division#Sub-provincial_autonomous_prefecture" title="Sub-provincial division">Sub-provincial autonomous prefecture</a> <i>*<a href="/wiki/Sub-prefectural_city" title="Sub-prefectural city">Sub prefectural-level divisions</a></i>, ✧"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparatively_larger_city&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comparatively larger city (page does not exist)">Comparatively larger city</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%83%E5%A4%A7%E7%9A%84%E5%B8%82" class="extiw" title="zh:较大的市">zh</a>]</span>" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">较大的市</span></span>) as approved by the <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="State Council of the People's Republic of China">State Council</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_China" title="Provinces of China">Provinces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hefei" title="Hefei"><b>Hefei</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhu" title="Wuhu">Wuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengbu" title="Bengbu">Bengbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huainan" title="Huainan">Huainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27anshan" title="Ma'anshan">Ma'anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaibei" title="Huaibei">Huaibei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongling" title="Tongling">Tongling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anqing" title="Anqing">Anqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshan_City" title="Huangshan City">Huangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuzhou" title="Chuzhou">Chuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyang" title="Fuyang">Fuyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Anhui" title="Suzhou, Anhui">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lu%27an" title="Lu'an">Lu'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozhou" title="Bozhou">Bozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chizhou" title="Chizhou">Chizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuancheng" title="Xuancheng">Xuancheng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou"><b>Fuzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putian" title="Putian">Putian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanming" title="Sanming">Sanming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quanzhou" title="Quanzhou">Quanzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou" title="Zhangzhou">Zhangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanping" title="Nanping">Nanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longyan" title="Longyan">Longyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningde" title="Ningde">Ningde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lanzhou" title="Lanzhou"><b>Lanzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiayuguan_City" title="Jiayuguan City">Jiayuguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinchang" title="Jinchang">Jinchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyin" title="Baiyin">Baiyin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianshui" title="Tianshui">Tianshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuwei,_Gansu" title="Wuwei, Gansu">Wuwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangye" title="Zhangye">Zhangye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingliang" title="Pingliang">Pingliang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiuquan" title="Jiuquan">Jiuquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyang,_Gansu" title="Qingyang, Gansu">Qingyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingxi" title="Dingxi">Dingxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longnan" title="Longnan">Longnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linxia_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Linxia (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gannan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Gannan (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou"><b>Guangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoguan" title="Shaoguan">Shaoguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangmen" title="Jiangmen">Jiangmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoming" title="Maoming">Maoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaoqing" title="Zhaoqing">Zhaoqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huizhou" title="Huizhou">Huizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meizhou" title="Meizhou">Meizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangjiang" title="Yangjiang">Yangjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanwei" title="Shanwei">Shanwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyuan" title="Heyuan">Heyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingyuan" title="Qingyuan">Qingyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongshan" title="Zhongshan">Zhongshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jieyang" title="Jieyang">Jieyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunfu" title="Yunfu">Yunfu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Guiyang" title="Guiyang"><b>Guiyang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liupanshui" title="Liupanshui">Liupanshui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunyi" title="Zunyi">Zunyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshun" title="Anshun">Anshun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijie" title="Bijie">Bijie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongren" title="Tongren">Tongren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qianxinan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qianxinan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiannan_Buyei_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Qiannan (Buyei and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiandongnan_Miao_and_Dong_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture">Qiandongnan (Miao and Dong)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Haikou" title="Haikou"><b>Haikou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanya" title="Sanya">Sanya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzhou" title="Danzhou">Danzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sansha" title="Sansha">Sansha</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wuzhishan_City" title="Wuzhishan City"><i>Wuzhishan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qionghai" title="Qionghai"><i>Qionghai</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wenchang" title="Wenchang"><i>Wenchang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wanning" title="Wanning"><i>Wanning</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Dongfang,_Hainan" title="Dongfang, Hainan"><i>Dongfang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ding%27an_County" title="Ding'an County"><i>Ding'an County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tunchang_County" title="Tunchang County"><i>Tunchang County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Chengmai_County" title="Chengmai County"><i>Chengmai County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingao_County" title="Lingao County"><i>Lingao County</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baisha_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Baisha Li Autonomous County"><i>Baisha County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Changjiang_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Changjiang Li Autonomous County"><i>Changjiang County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Ledong_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Ledong Li Autonomous County"><i>Ledong County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Lingshui_Li_Autonomous_County" title="Lingshui Li Autonomous County"><i>Lingshui County</i> (Li)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Baoting_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Baoting County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qiongzhong_Li_and_Miao_Autonomous_County" title="Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County"><i>Qiongzhong County</i> (Li and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Shijiazhuang" title="Shijiazhuang"><b>Shijiazhuang</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Tangshan" title="Tangshan">Tangshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handan" title="Handan">Handan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingtai" title="Xingtai">Xingtai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoding" title="Baoding">Baoding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiakou" title="Zhangjiakou">Zhangjiakou "Kalgan"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde" title="Chengde">Chengde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangzhou" title="Cangzhou">Cangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langfang" title="Langfang">Langfang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengshui" title="Hengshui">Hengshui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Henan" title="Henan">Henan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou"><b>Zhengzhou</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng" title="Kaifeng">Kaifeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luoyang" title="Luoyang">Luoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingdingshan" title="Pingdingshan">Pingdingshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anyang" title="Anyang">Anyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebi" title="Hebi">Hebi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinxiang" title="Xinxiang">Xinxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozuo" title="Jiaozuo">Jiaozuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puyang" title="Puyang">Puyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuchang" title="Xuchang">Xuchang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luohe" title="Luohe">Luohe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmenxia" title="Sanmenxia">Sanmenxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanyang,_Henan" title="Nanyang, Henan">Nanyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangqiu" title="Shangqiu">Shangqiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyang" title="Xinyang">Xinyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoukou" title="Zhoukou">Zhoukou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhumadian" title="Zhumadian">Zhumadian</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Jiyuan" title="Jiyuan"><i>Jiyuan</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hubei" title="Hubei">Hubei</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan"><b>Wuhan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangshi" title="Huangshi">Huangshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiyan" title="Shiyan">Shiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichang" title="Yichang">Yichang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangyang" title="Xiangyang">Xiangyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezhou" title="Ezhou">Ezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingmen" title="Jingmen">Jingmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaogan" title="Xiaogan">Xiaogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingzhou" title="Jingzhou">Jingzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanggang" title="Huanggang">Huanggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianning" title="Xianning">Xianning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suizhou" title="Suizhou">Suizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enshi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Enshi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xiantao" title="Xiantao"><i>Xiantao</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Qianjiang,_Hubei" title="Qianjiang, Hubei"><i>Qianjiang</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tianmen" title="Tianmen"><i>Tianmen</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shennongjia" title="Shennongjia"><i>Shennongjia Forestry District</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Heilongjiang" title="Heilongjiang">Heilongjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin"><b>Harbin</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiqihar" title="Qiqihar">Qiqihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jixi" title="Jixi">Jixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegang" title="Hegang">Hegang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuangyashan" title="Shuangyashan">Shuangyashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daqing" title="Daqing">Daqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Heilongjiang" title="Yichun, Heilongjiang">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiamusi" title="Jiamusi">Jiamusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qitaihe" title="Qitaihe">Qitaihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudanjiang" title="Mudanjiang">Mudanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihe" title="Heihe">Heihe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suihua" title="Suihua">Suihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxing%27anling_Prefecture" title="Daxing'anling Prefecture">Daxing'anling Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha"><b>Changsha</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuzhou" title="Zhuzhou">Zhuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangtan" title="Xiangtan">Xiangtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hengyang" title="Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoyang" title="Shaoyang">Shaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueyang" title="Yueyang">Yueyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhangjiajie" title="Zhangjiajie">Zhangjiajie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiyang" title="Yiyang">Yiyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenzhou" title="Chenzhou">Chenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yongzhou" title="Yongzhou">Yongzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaihua" title="Huaihua">Huaihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loudi" title="Loudi">Loudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiangxi_Tujia_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Xiangxi (Tujia and Miao)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun"><b>Changchun</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siping,_Jilin" title="Siping, Jilin">Siping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyuan" title="Liaoyuan">Liaoyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonghua" title="Tonghua">Tonghua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baishan" title="Baishan">Baishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songyuan" title="Songyuan">Songyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baicheng" title="Baicheng">Baicheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanbian_Korean_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture">Yanbian (Korean)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Nanjing" title="Nanjing"><b>Nanjing</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuxi" title="Wuxi">Wuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuzhou" title="Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhou" title="Changzhou">Changzhou</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Suzhou" title="Suzhou">Suzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huai%27an" title="Huai'an">Huai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yancheng" title="Yancheng">Yancheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangzhou" title="Yangzhou">Yangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhenjiang" title="Zhenjiang">Zhenjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Jiangsu" title="Taizhou, Jiangsu">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suqian" title="Suqian">Suqian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang"><b>Nanchang</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingdezhen" title="Jingdezhen">Jingdezhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingxiang" title="Pingxiang">Pingxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiujiang" title="Jiujiang">Jiujiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinyu" title="Xinyu">Xinyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingtan" title="Yingtan">Yingtan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzhou" title="Ganzhou">Ganzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ji%27an" title="Ji'an">Ji'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yichun,_Jiangxi" title="Yichun, Jiangxi">Yichun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou,_Jiangxi" title="Fuzhou, Jiangxi">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangrao" title="Shangrao">Shangrao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Liaoning" title="Liaoning">Liaoning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Shenyang" title="Shenyang"><b>Shenyang</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anshan" title="Anshan">Anshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fushun" title="Fushun">Fushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benxi" title="Benxi">Benxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandong" title="Dandong">Dandong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhou" title="Jinzhou">Jinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yingkou" title="Yingkou">Yingkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuxin" title="Fuxin">Fuxin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoyang" title="Liaoyang">Liaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panjin" title="Panjin">Panjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tieling" title="Tieling">Tieling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaoyang,_Liaoning" title="Chaoyang, Liaoning">Chaoyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huludao" title="Huludao">Huludao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Xining" title="Xining"><b>Xining</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haidong" title="Haidong">Haidong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haibei_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haibei (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huangnan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Huangnan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hainan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Hainan (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golog_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Golog "Guolog" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yushu_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Yushu (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haixi_Mongol_and_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Haixi "Qaidam" (Mongol and Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan" title="Sichuan">Sichuan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu"><b>Chengdu</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zigong" title="Zigong">Zigong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panzhihua" title="Panzhihua">Panzhihua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luzhou" title="Luzhou">Luzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deyang" title="Deyang">Deyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mianyang" title="Mianyang">Mianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangyuan" title="Guangyuan">Guangyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suining" title="Suining">Suining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neijiang" title="Neijiang">Neijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leshan" title="Leshan">Leshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchong" title="Nanchong">Nanchong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meishan" title="Meishan">Meishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yibin" title="Yibin">Yibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guang%27an" title="Guang'an">Guang'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dazhou" title="Dazhou">Dazhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazhong" title="Bazhong">Bazhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyang" title="Ziyang">Ziyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27an" title="Ya'an">Ya'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngawa_Tibetan_and_Qiang_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture">Ngawa "Aba" (Tibetan and Qiang)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garz%C3%AA_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Garzê "Ganzi" (Tibetan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangshan_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Liangshan (Yi)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi" title="Shaanxi">Shaanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an"><b>Xi'an</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongchuan" title="Tongchuan">Tongchuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoji" title="Baoji">Baoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianyang" title="Xianyang">Xianyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weinan" title="Weinan">Weinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan%27an" title="Yan'an">Yan'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanzhong" title="Hanzhong">Hanzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Shaanxi" title="Yulin, Shaanxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankang" title="Ankang">Ankang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangluo" title="Shangluo">Shangluo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shandong" title="Shandong">Shandong</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan"><b>Jinan</b></a></li> <li>★<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zibo" title="Zibo">Zibo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaozhuang" title="Zaozhuang">Zaozhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongying" title="Dongying">Dongying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weifang" title="Weifang">Weifang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jining" title="Jining">Jining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai%27an" title="Tai'an">Tai'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weihai" title="Weihai">Weihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rizhao" title="Rizhao">Rizhao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linyi" title="Linyi">Linyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezhou" title="Dezhou">Dezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaocheng" title="Liaocheng">Liaocheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binzhou" title="Binzhou">Binzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heze" title="Heze">Heze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Shanxi" title="Shanxi">Shanxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taiyuan" title="Taiyuan"><b>Taiyuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datong" title="Datong">Datong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangquan" title="Yangquan">Yangquan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changzhi" title="Changzhi">Changzhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jincheng" title="Jincheng">Jincheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuozhou" title="Shuozhou">Shuozhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinzhong" title="Jinzhong">Jinzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuncheng" title="Yuncheng">Yuncheng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhou" title="Xinzhou">Xinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linfen" title="Linfen">Linfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCliang" title="Lüliang">Lüliang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><i><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Province,_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Taiwan Province, People's Republic of China">Taiwan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Taipei" title="Taipei"><i><b>Taibei</b></i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kaohsiung" title="Kaohsiung">Gaoxiong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Taipei" class="mw-redirect" title="New Taipei">Xinbei</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taizhong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tainan" title="Tainan">Tainan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taoyuan,_Taiwan" title="Taoyuan, Taiwan">Taoyuan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Kunming" title="Kunming"><b>Kunming</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujing" title="Qujing">Qujing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuxi" title="Yuxi">Yuxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baoshan,_Yunnan" title="Baoshan, Yunnan">Baoshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaotong" title="Zhaotong">Zhaotong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiang" title="Lijiang">Lijiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%27er_City" title="Pu'er City">Pu'er</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincang" title="Lincang">Lincang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuxiong_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Chuxiong (Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honghe_Hani_and_Yi_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture">Honghe (Hani and Yi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenshan_Zhuang_and_Miao_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture">Wenshan (Zhuang and Miao)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xishuangbanna_Dai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture">Xishuangbanna (Dai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dali_Bai_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture">Dali (Bai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehong_Dai_and_Jingpo_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture">Dehong (Dai and Jingpo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nujiang_Lisu_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture">Nujiang (Lisu)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%AAq%C3%AAn_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dêqên Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Dêqên (Tibetan)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*★<a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou"><b>Hangzhou</b></a></li> <li>★<a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaxing" title="Jiaxing">Jiaxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huzhou" title="Huzhou">Huzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaoxing" title="Shaoxing">Shaoxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinhua" title="Jinhua">Jinhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quzhou" title="Quzhou">Quzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taizhou,_Zhejiang" title="Taizhou, Zhejiang">Taizhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lishui" title="Lishui">Lishui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_China" title="Autonomous regions of China">Autonomous <br />regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Nanning" title="Nanning"><b>Nanning</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liuzhou" title="Liuzhou">Liuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilin" title="Guilin">Guilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhou" title="Wuzhou">Wuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fangchenggang" title="Fangchenggang">Fangchenggang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinzhou" title="Qinzhou">Qinzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guigang" title="Guigang">Guigang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yulin,_Guangxi" title="Yulin, Guangxi">Yulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baise" title="Baise">Baise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezhou" title="Hezhou">Hezhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hechi" title="Hechi">Hechi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laibin" title="Laibin">Laibin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongzuo" title="Chongzuo">Chongzuo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Ningxia" title="Ningxia">Ningxia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Yinchuan" title="Yinchuan"><b>Yinchuan</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shizuishan" title="Shizuishan">Shizuishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuzhong,_Ningxia" title="Wuzhong, Ningxia">Wuzhong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyuan" title="Guyuan">Guyuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhongwei" title="Zhongwei">Zhongwei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner <br />Mongolia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Hohhot" title="Hohhot"><b>Hohhot</b></a></li> <li>✧<a href="/wiki/Baotou" title="Baotou">Baotou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhai" title="Wuhai">Wuhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chifeng" title="Chifeng">Chifeng "Ulankhad"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongliao" title="Tongliao">Tongliao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_City" title="Ordos City">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayannur" title="Bayannur">Bayannur "Bayannao'er"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulanqab" title="Ulanqab">Ulanqab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinggan_League" title="Hinggan League">Hinggan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilingol_League" title="Xilingol League">Xilingol League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alxa_League" title="Alxa League">Alxa League "Ālāshàn League"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/%C3%9Cr%C3%BCmqi" title="Ürümqi"><b>Ürümqi</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamay" title="Karamay">Karamay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turpan" title="Turpan">Turpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hami" title="Hami">Hami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changji_Hui_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture">Changji (Hui)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bortala_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bortala (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayingolin_Mongol_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture">Bayingolin (Mongol)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizilsu_Kyrgyz_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture">Kizilsu (Kyrgyz)</a></li> <li>( ☆<a href="/wiki/Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture">Ili (Kazakh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacheng_Prefecture" title="Tacheng Prefecture">Tacheng Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altay_Prefecture" title="Altay Prefecture">Altay Prefecture</a> )</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aksu_Prefecture" title="Aksu Prefecture">Aksu Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar_Prefecture" title="Kashgar Prefecture">Kashgar "Kashi" Prefecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotan_Prefecture" title="Hotan Prefecture">Hotan Prefecture</a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shihezi" title="Shihezi"><i>Shihezi</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Aral,_Xinjiang" title="Aral, Xinjiang"><i>Aral</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tumxuk" title="Tumxuk"><i>Tumxuk</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Wujiaqu" title="Wujiaqu"><i>Wujiaqu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Beitun,_Xinjiang" title="Beitun, Xinjiang"><i>Beitun</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Tiemenguan_City" title="Tiemenguan City"><i>Tiemenguan</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Shuanghe" title="Shuanghe"><i>Shuanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kokdala" title="Kokdala"><i>Kokdala</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Kunyu,_Xinjiang" title="Kunyu, Xinjiang"><i>Kunyu</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Huyanghe" title="Huyanghe"><i>Huyanghe</i></a></li> <li><i>*</i><a href="/wiki/Xinxing,_Xinjiang" title="Xinxing, Xinjiang"><i>Xinxing</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" title="Tibet Autonomous Region">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>*<a href="/wiki/Lhasa_(prefecture-level_city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lhasa (prefecture-level city)"><b>Lhasa</b></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigatse" title="Shigatse">Shigatse "Xigazê"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamdo" title="Chamdo">Chamdo "Qamdo"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyingchi" title="Nyingchi">Nyingchi "Linzhi"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannan,_Tibet" title="Shannan, Tibet">Shannan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagqu" title="Nagqu">Nagqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngari_Prefecture" title="Ngari Prefecture">Ngari Prefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct-administered_municipalities_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-administered municipalities of China">Direct-administered municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_prefectures_in_China" title="List of prefectures in China"><i>List of prefectures in China</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_China" title="List of cities in China"><i>List of cities in China</i></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economic_Development_Zones_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Template:Special economic zones of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Template talk:Special economic zones of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Special economic zones of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economic_Development_Zones_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Economic_and_Technological_Development_Zones" title="National Economic and Technological Development Zones">Economic Development Zones</a> of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones_of_China" title="Special economic zones of China">Special Economic Zones</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shantou" title="Shantou">Shantou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuhai" title="Zhuhai">Zhuhai</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lujiazui_skyline,_Pudong,_Shanghai.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Lujiazui skyline, Pudong, Shanghai"><img alt="Lujiazui skyline, Pudong, Shanghai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Lujiazui_skyline%2C_Pudong%2C_Shanghai.JPG/80px-Lujiazui_skyline%2C_Pudong%2C_Shanghai.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Lujiazui_skyline%2C_Pudong%2C_Shanghai.JPG/120px-Lujiazui_skyline%2C_Pudong%2C_Shanghai.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Lujiazui_skyline%2C_Pudong%2C_Shanghai.JPG/160px-Lujiazui_skyline%2C_Pudong%2C_Shanghai.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Open Coastal Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinhuangdao" title="Qinhuangdao">Qinhuangdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Qingdao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lianyungang" title="Lianyungang">Lianyungang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantong" title="Nantong">Nantong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ningbo" title="Ningbo">Ningbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wenzhou" title="Wenzhou">Wenzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou" title="Fuzhou">Fuzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanjiang" title="Zhanjiang">Zhanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beihai" title="Beihai">Beihai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Former_German_colonies_and_protectorates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Former_German_colonies" title="Template:Former German colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Former_German_colonies" title="Template talk:Former German colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Former_German_colonies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Former German colonies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Former_German_colonies_and_protectorates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_German_colonies" title="List of former German colonies">Former German colonies and protectorates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/German_colonization_of_Africa" title="German colonization of Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa" title="German East Africa">East Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kionga_Triangle" title="Kionga Triangle">Kionga Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wituland" title="Wituland">Wituland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_South_West_Africa" title="German South West Africa">South West Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_West_Africa" title="German West Africa">West Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamerun" title="Kamerun">Kamerun</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Neukamerun" title="Neukamerun">Neukamerun</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapita%C3%AF_and_Koba" title="Kapitaï and Koba">Kapitaï and Koba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahinland" title="Mahinland">Mahinland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togoland" title="Togoland">Togoland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_New_Guinea" title="German New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Samoa" title="German Samoa">Samoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image plainlist" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Reichskolonialflagge.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the German colonial empire"><img alt="Flag of the German colonial empire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Reichskolonialflagge.svg/100px-Reichskolonialflagge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Reichskolonialflagge.svg/150px-Reichskolonialflagge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Reichskolonialflagge.svg/200px-Reichskolonialflagge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/International_zone#Concessions" title="International zone">Concessions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="China" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kiautschou_Bay_Leased_Territory" title="Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory">Kiautschou Bay</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tsingtao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_concession_of_Tianjin" title="German concession of Tianjin">Tientsin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrecognised</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Antarctica" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em">Antarctica</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Swabia" title="New Swabia">New Swabia</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(claimed by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170322#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170322#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170322#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/295275460">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/238997432">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1212872/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJd86MFR3J89XbYhvKvPwC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4061118-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81039748">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12476614c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12476614c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Qingdao (Čína)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge426524&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007557322305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/ffc37ebf-1e1d-4794-a67c-06d3b9b71d46">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/033962421">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044294">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&oldid=1258082870">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Qingdao&oldid=1258082870</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Qingdao" title="Category:Qingdao">Qingdao</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Populated_coastal_places_in_China" 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