CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135a4d6aedc37b5',cH: 'ysPnE1VAOcJ_Cp5DnixtAWA7fTY6h3CY1.gCKpGWO1E-1739793908-1.2.1.1-KpP7fLERMB8wZTIsRgWQrajEZ78V7UHDt5xlpdeW50_DrtZZypRy3G7Pu.2bI_7U',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Alternaria%20solani&__cf_chl_tk=2WY1JbmgXTBq8bIBcA1rIeBA62qmiITtQitXmpVR_PM-1739793908-1.0.1.1-TOKNku5UtdUrCMAKMcy2c7PGCjinEYSpwpVjhZOsP.A",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739793908',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Alternaria%20solani&__cf_chl_f_tk=2WY1JbmgXTBq8bIBcA1rIeBA62qmiITtQitXmpVR_PM-1739793908-1.0.1.1-TOKNku5UtdUrCMAKMcy2c7PGCjinEYSpwpVjhZOsP.A",md: "6ElQzaqpiINKEfYiYk7iM5xU_QADAwFK08M.c4aKdwg-1739793908-1.2.1.1-Dwei1CvhdWXYb8vQwxLotajymfPhnfp48O0T2nfMTAXwl6SpZhHrxDvNMi6hNAAI0KWKcE9PpQZo2gXbGhapO38r29YSeW1x2150b09OviiiXJX2oie4akvs75ti2BE2sLH.wYwqb24ZgSGDTTHOuI1cG.Ob7h28epw3gkdYZ1TT2P3vGM6FDm.ZFeAr6qIcBCjrpraVPlkcCnsehvDPwrSMmzWuarei34ujejbHxAtYyb9sbiRHuGKqmg4kRcEbv42rZ8mZMSpwDjTwF3fNIrAkpyKBqR5UY8SNO94askOBjyDEcBhl5mC1M9rH0r6mu0eEDZOlR4QL_MLI9f5LBVLmZjWH4B_wUDVzsvthgVgqL9HxxgmehF5EtdO6mVcQozBBrDIv.Hcvt4bD7uAC4JoJbIeJAm03NqBOLQLNLkjO8eL77NzBJBGhcHuVkXbK8UJKIwbyi4YYcsHWkAJQO83O0myjTf22eFas525nA1I5DsaAA0qmE1B1gbu8Qjvj7mwzDXELLaFu4cqlGHamJxGIFxVJXwivwmZpGU4zQ2EE03bmYvt5VtyIR1UtEwpq2GAMITpCNnRaiBjT3eRv8Gg4lr.LNNmwTcoKtGQK2FjCJjyVLGRF8oeNUsDA6GQUbmpgOicikolBB1yPdrvrF9hHuVrtXNQLIA9PY7bep7m50NerBXjw0a6VVjtHf2zvZRiBu8SrzKIMa9ri.thlbMBuIuTDuT1CX2hEldy3JWqxAFKG23VDfywcKSHM5oxQ8JL8qoWtnBf.wq0GL_17K8n9jI2qBCASTFbb76PCBhGJRaMVSvNGWKizaf7vO9XNtRGgw8Vmu.4yFi3PIYUhBwKEuoY1tdlxtjGa1Kd69.l0JuXrBVmHRtBUFIuF.Dw7gBNc8mvZiTpJtwdeDHQq29g.wkuavEY36yXTGTGR0w47IgliSoqxgRe5o_4TDK8y7GSwJ5N2kjLi9XVVkGJZjxA_st8I1RTZoVsyDe50.LolNeBDpuBP4IGSWFAg9mdYFE4CjLxm3JkbluR62FIu3OS8gyQ8GRoSNUIAtZNl12OAgVcXKjCeIkeRZBBdKIFuYPkawORG5rNeT9UJORJq_RZ31RRfbEwydJLaE2NwhbJg6V1gQV1Kv.h8GHWdAB44MoyAhTw0dHhJG1MEfbzpTE.USuCwz..skNJzAzLFqEcbaRpMHyZm.G6VndO7_liwDHlU6561S8ggYC6XXMBBVkXpG7vrjMZbaGuonwXtvZzwJzMutBkccYrjB4qfHIMa.t4HMHBcS3s8i0giMNT8nMPuORDVG9NfrHz8XbQv_Yz7.iYLywxHOU0Rx3c1436CIDXNz.knj0CmiSr29jY_huCtFTPWxEE12zfpBm8YrnAn2ctydk77Yt0.hlA80k7Ce8rzUVR6OCVZPb5dNcjOVyJh0RldJTEY918GSQwlU6ywnjva1IxdClCCqTan5N6zEtCFBl8snN6_CkqqXRRq07k0c.xwkUTPouEH5s.bk3xbj_G9cfX5HnfgcBP9mVdECoTkww_BshGtIoNq5IjzHU4H1yUpdqjnlYifw6A94FV5vHRFJpQ5CqiEHF7Ls7daDD.ujK954TFpIT37VEeWGZ5ir_4W5sZZ943cTxje8ZAbZN0uFQAp0kXsdaZxLQLSDUH1t5TPy37boQ4R5Vx2_xsCB3sCYjWj4YKEab8Z83XljFOX9ejbuJCSDvS9BH5xLfeUbshceaPPI5inmZlxhFOOJDUtIOVn8ktpg92fk32xyjzz04NT0mYWZ3rx_nOclx5Zc1.EXnMprwuz.t_wj0vWZLbt3IKI83_wPIvf2J9uhOmrE6Ebb1Zg6rZAFw278ir7Ao6H1PJJ.ukC61I3vwehZnLdvqfDvNLuGGQFDKMj2JwkWHKv9XSzv_1yfSmKim2eFyijMI4Hkva2x5n1UEIi6qj9mE7yczktV8C9W48",mdrd: "oxLxnCu.txKP4.B2VBIVfok5puTh76SiTEI0WHUDRsU-1739793908-1.2.1.1-YGZQQhmbvS.XfJtangfG5YKlE53R4oQ8bp0UfFuFgbyiTju3Kb6W46Du.q_k0M7VKph_WXsKv56UkGt5klfwvmC4sSWD9A5StACDYMu.SKkLOrAxf_EVaCEkfsm30iNp6oz5UzSyku48DyHWIjvnc2hyBkf4Uw2Hw.XILZ73HGfE48AWgnMr6n6E4VuFPNHaawEfDttCE2Zff_c75f.m7rlAJqsHqAorqGuuG0TOfNhj6eSZEwSLCQIqnPPIlt56HZuGPcRQo8DN8i2BTS.CxR9FPvxukUztoWagWnjoYj5kgJfHd0WzsokDCFmjVwQ05uWo3BTa3jxzm8EsOobV7d8ijfXZv_McPEbLPW5sisclNUbgiyZWV0WoL60LuEnlvvfUIu6BF9tXI_RvXLX1_vy_Q2.KFlvQA0e9ldOdy5nId4bNg4CIDJId3rL9b9QqeL5r5BfahkP_48OkbtAx_mZwhniO9dT5GtaXrYT7HWMm3D6wAOhQ3_rk72L3WI.2pg3lliPyj98SI6H5bBzrHvosqwQdRAXJXvPjfq6yjZ495R8HdmR9q8QEbBCzogzBtIQQxHEDUpZVcXiR.MRZSREk4ug06sHXhWJhKRX8WCDw3ICC.GZJOOusHBxUJlwA1F7jS8BtIBG5aivteRFKt_SumbSKTImMGupDw.VZa7FsvmMCed8onSdERKqQkC8A312pxef8BD1LQAvyoLQ0Y3lkJEeUrwZum68Rvd3vPEE1z3o.9xpJoma7larAMnRWRtMnZMnd4twOX0U9YbD2vQXPC3rABvLMUqLqrBwKnUh6wEIc1ERlFjCtSeYj3k3My3KlosdOw2O6FxuVoAlUufXTQqf8Ajhc6.mVK30qCrx77vl3BVZpeZiJVqlfbPowjzDu2mV_Ipah4qqp7EVyOwWdeME3.M4FNpFPDoG1NR87DyKO1MEJ2_hTzkX3jW_ka7xghY5eY6d7AzRUIrDg0n7jXdhHVVZnRpEjhRnFV5Q3j1hxfhKjR8P2MwHneOGNXUKpwmQyFKnykX_3OjgW8yskN8cbw.8Cc_FhLCQwu4zJZgiBMdnCOdXC1DYRrGJbq9jMK23h90GGfC0LHPlqnRBtVEdkXXmadHkjfY.R90or0YC9CZm8VpmoB9oqi9tR62MRAugUqRmOFn8hH8JSIzkm2jWbbJB5xX8ESpkFK6J6yHZR16TBzKsF.ibJpky33_ZHDAz5IFvSnGamW4ueTqK5tUTpfqchun4fgPBlhT8843VfJFDP.JhfjaYZGwpmz4a7N9EEKMAxcNSk2E2bNSEUAc3vsvGD4dTJ7eBjMc3vCRFSVRZn5oX.c9AmnokOLUq68kxTLw9NwnJ6WmneCdyzKOYcdvvF2XFOzPJNR9zVj8OWxDF7HDltyd89Xgw7Wh_HCFSbbK6AUxfKokEvre2HD2.WUmI0a0Mjquglf6q2p4wILwvncA601ZRLqqSUpzNROo1ISTI5B2RZZkgkeDPrv1Nr9_KQO5Ia8L9ZCNBZp3pEh.GginH8bIru1Pou7DUAGljus2OxB.Po0sGFTy8ZgXCMQbCko5vsJ817c2_v5Kddlkx4XTvdeGy8MC5C_RaF8QUBfYLfVeK9sbzVq9m1tzNeewsOQQ4.bHqVVzovqa7p0JvTbOfhwQUxqkCoimsBy.yeHX1omsgkzr07N5FhOUjVA0xNSzgZDI8248XWt8_byqRWOK5JpqZWqFyb_ktlvV_5japh8f_FAlByEVHWNQCur6OdYBB1b6RhJA4js1Lk8zANNXxysH3xqWjoRU1l4qN8zJ4EOCf1yLMbPKUa2GwRnpTE7Nd7trocfTmOTrqEUJGPqE6m7C88SYFTEN39Q4_TetAS3V8P2QNdRW8xQwZUs7npWh2C9Mw7gYWO_iO0N9GDjiCeWrr4L7kop1PYiMTOTBmarDWu4LfJiETHifNNiz3NBXrs3TqBlFNq_0YoNSNiinuiwF50Gm1Xme7qdBKWNVVafEb8xeZFsg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135a4d6aedc37b5';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Alternaria%20solani&__cf_chl_rt_tk=2WY1JbmgXTBq8bIBcA1rIeBA62qmiITtQitXmpVR_PM-1739793908-1.0.1.1-TOKNku5UtdUrCMAKMcy2c7PGCjinEYSpwpVjhZOsP.A" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>