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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="أوليمبياس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوليمبياس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpia_d%27Epiru" title="Olimpia d'Epiru – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Olimpia d'Epiru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="المپیاس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="المپیاس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8" title="অলিম্পিয়াস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অলিম্পিয়াস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Алімпіяда Эпірская – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Алімпіяда Эпірская" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Олимпиада Македонска – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Олимпиада Македонска" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympias" title="Olympias – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Olympias" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol%C3%ADmpia_de_l%27Epir" title="Olímpia de l'Epir – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Olímpia de l'Epir" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympias" title="Olympias – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Olympias" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympias" title="Olympias – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Olympias" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympias" title="Olympias – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Olympias" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympias_von_Epirus" title="Olympias von Epirus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Olympias von Epirus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Ολυμπιάδα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ολυμπιάδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpia_de_Epiro" title="Olimpia de Epiro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Olimpia de Epiro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpia" title="Olimpia – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Olimpia" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olinpias_Epirokoa" title="Olinpias Epirokoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Olinpias Epirokoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="المپیاس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="المپیاس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympias" title="Olympias – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Olympias" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%AC%EB%A6%BC%ED%94%BC%EC%95%84%EC%8A%A4" title="올림피아스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="올림피아스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%A1_%D4%B7%D5%BA%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%BD%D6%81%D5%AB" title="Օլիմպիադա Էպիրոսցի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օլիմպիադա Էպիրոսցի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B8" title="ओलंपियस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओलंपियस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpijada_(kraljica)" title="Olimpijada (kraljica) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Olimpijada (kraljica)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpias" title="Olimpias – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Olimpias" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpiade_d%27Epiro" title="Olimpiade d'Epiro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Olimpiade d'Epiro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A1" title="אולימפיאס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אולימפיאס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ოლიმპიადა ეპირელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოლიმპიადა ეპირელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympias_(Epirota)" title="Olympias (Epirota) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Olympias (Epirota)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpija_(Epyro_princes%C4%97)" title="Olimpija (Epyro princesė) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Olimpija (Epyro princesė)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Олимпија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Олимпија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" title="ऑलिंपियास – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऑलिंपियास" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="اوليمبياس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اوليمبياس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympias" title="Olympias – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Olympias" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B9" title="オリュンピアス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オリュンピアス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympias" title="Olympias – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Olympias" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympias" title="Olympias – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Olympias" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="اولمپاس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اولمپاس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpias" title="Olimpias – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Olimpias" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol%C3%ADmpia_do_Epiro" title="Olímpia do Epiro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Olímpia do Epiro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpia_din_Epir" title="Olimpia din Epir – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Olimpia din Epir" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Олимпиада Эпирская – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Олимпиада Эпирская" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirtal" title="Mirtal – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mirtal" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Олимпијада (краљица) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Олимпијада (краљица)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpijada_(kraljica)" title="Olimpijada (kraljica) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Olimpijada (kraljica)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympias" title="Olympias – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Olympias" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympias" title="Olympias – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Olympias" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olimpias" title="Olimpias – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mother of Alexander the Great (c. 375–316 BC)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people and entities known as Olympias, see <a href="/wiki/Olympias_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Olympias (disambiguation)">Olympias (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Olympias</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_olympias_mus_theski.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Coin_olympias_mus_theski.JPG/220px-Coin_olympias_mus_theski.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Coin_olympias_mus_theski.JPG/330px-Coin_olympias_mus_theski.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Coin_olympias_mus_theski.JPG/440px-Coin_olympias_mus_theski.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="676" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Roman medallion with Olympias, Museum of Thessaloniki</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Queen of Macedon</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tenure</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 357–316 BC</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">375 BC<br />Molossia, <a href="/wiki/Epirus_(ancient_state)" title="Epirus (ancient state)">Epirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">316 BC (aged 59)<br /><a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II of Macedon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_of_Macedon" title="Cleopatra of Macedon">Cleopatra of Macedon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Ολυμπιάς</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Molossians" title="Molossians">Molossians</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus_I_of_Epirus" title="Neoptolemus I of Epirus">Neoptolemus I of Epirus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Ancient Greek religion</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Olympias</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Ὀλυμπιάς</span>; c. 375–316 BC)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">Greek</a> princess of the <a href="/wiki/Molossians" title="Molossians">Molossians</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Carney_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carney-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the eldest daughter of king <a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus_I_of_Epirus" title="Neoptolemus I of Epirus">Neoptolemus I of Epirus</a>, the sister of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Epirus" title="Alexander I of Epirus">Alexander I of Epirus</a>, the fourth wife of <a href="/wiki/Philip_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip of Macedon">Philip II</a>, the king of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a> and the mother of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>. She was extremely influential in Alexander's life and was recognized as <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> leader of Macedon during Alexander's conquests.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 1st century AD biographer, <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, she was a devout member of the <a href="/wiki/Orgia" title="Orgia">orgiastic</a> snake-worshiping <a href="/wiki/Cult_of_Dionysus" title="Cult of Dionysus">cult of Dionysus</a>, and he suggests that she slept with snakes in her bed.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After her son's death, Olympias fought on behalf of Alexander's son <a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV</a>, successfully defeating <a href="/wiki/Adea_Eurydice" class="mw-redirect" title="Adea Eurydice">Adea Eurydice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After she was finally defeated by <a href="/wiki/Cassander" title="Cassander">Cassander</a>, his armies refused to execute her, and he finally had to summon family members of those Olympias had previously killed to end her life.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympias&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Olympias was the eldest daughter of <a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus_I_of_Epirus" title="Neoptolemus I of Epirus">Neoptolemus I</a>, king of the <a href="/wiki/Molossians" title="Molossians">Molossians</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greek</a> tribe in <a href="/wiki/Epirus_(ancient_state)" title="Epirus (ancient state)">Epirus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and sister of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Epirus" title="Alexander I of Epirus">Alexander I of Epirus</a>. She also had a sister named Troas, who married their paternal uncle <a href="/wiki/Arybbas_of_Epirus" title="Arybbas of Epirus">Arrybas of Epirus</a>. </p><p>Her family belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Aeacidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeacidae">Aeacidae</a>, a well-respected family of <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a>, which claimed descent from <a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus" title="Neoptolemus">Neoptolemus</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a>. They took their name from the mythical king <a href="/wiki/Aeacus" title="Aeacus">Aeacus</a>, who ruled in the island of <a href="/wiki/Aegina" title="Aegina">Aegina</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Saronic_Gulf" title="Saronic Gulf">Saronic Gulf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Aeacidae were perhaps the only Epirotes who were universally recognised as Greek.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although unknown, some scholars have theorized that Olympias' mother may have been a <a href="/wiki/Chaonians" title="Chaonians">Chaonian</a> princess, based on the rumour that Olympias used to say that she was also a descendant of the Trojan prince, <a href="/wiki/Helenus_of_Troy" class="mw-redirect" title="Helenus of Troy">Helenus</a> son of <a href="/wiki/Priam" title="Priam">Priam</a> (the last king of Troy) and <a href="/wiki/Andromache" title="Andromache">Andromache</a>, wife of <a href="/wiki/Hector" title="Hector">Hector</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apparently, she was originally named Polyxena, as <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> mentions in his work <i><a href="/wiki/Moralia" title="Moralia">Moralia</a></i>, and changed her name to Myrtale prior to her marriage to <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II of Macedon</a> as part of her initiation into an unknown mystery cult.<sup id="cite_ref-Carney_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carney-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name <i>Olympias</i> was the third of four names by which she was known. She probably took it as a recognition of Philip's victory in the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> of 356 BC, the news of which coincided with Alexander's birth (Plut. Alexander 3.8).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was finally named Stratonice, which was probably an epithet attached to Olympias following her victory over <a href="/wiki/Eurydice_II_of_Macedon" title="Eurydice II of Macedon">Eurydice</a> in 317 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Carney_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carney-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Queen_of_Macedonia">Queen of Macedonia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympias&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Queen of Macedonia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When <a href="/wiki/Neoptolemus_I_of_Epirus" title="Neoptolemus I of Epirus">Neoptolemus I</a> died in 360 BC, his brother <a href="/wiki/Arymbas" class="mw-redirect" title="Arymbas">Arybbas</a> succeeded him on the Molossian throne. In 358 BC, Arybbas made a treaty with the new king of <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Molossians" title="Molossians">Molossians</a> became allies of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Macedonians" title="Ancient Macedonians">Macedonians</a>. The alliance was cemented with a diplomatic marriage between Arybbas' niece, Olympias, and Philip in 357 BC. It made Olympias the <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">queen consort</a> of Macedonia, and Philip the king. Philip had allegedly fallen in love with Olympias when both were initiated into the mysteries of <a href="/wiki/Cabeiri" title="Cabeiri">Cabeiri</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Samothrace_temple_complex" title="Samothrace temple complex">Sanctuary of the Great Gods</a>, on the island of <a href="/wiki/Samothrace" title="Samothrace">Samothrace</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though their marriage was largely political in nature in order to seal the alliance between Macedonia and Epirus.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One year later, in 356 BC, Philip's race horse won in the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>; for this victory, his wife, who was known then as Myrtale,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> received the name <i>Olympias</i>. In the summer of the same year, Olympias gave birth to her first child, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a> people believed that the birth of a great man was accompanied by portents. As <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> describes, the night before the consummation of their marriage, Olympias dreamed that a thunderbolt fell upon her womb and a great fire was kindled, its flames dispersed all about and then were extinguished. After the marriage Philip dreamed that he put a seal upon his wife's womb, the device of which was the figure of a lion. <a href="/wiki/Aristander" title="Aristander">Aristander</a>'s interpretation was that Olympias was pregnant of a son whose nature would be bold and lion-like.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philip and Olympias also had a daughter, <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_of_Macedon" title="Cleopatra of Macedon">Cleopatra</a>, who later married her uncle, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Epirus" title="Alexander I of Epirus">Alexander I of Epirus</a>, to further diplomatic ties between <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Epirus_(ancient_state)" title="Epirus (ancient state)">Epirus</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympias_presenting_the_young_Alexander_the_Great_to_Aristotle_by_Gerard_Hoet_before_1733_MH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Olympias_presenting_the_young_Alexander_the_Great_to_Aristotle_by_Gerard_Hoet_before_1733_MH.jpg/220px-Olympias_presenting_the_young_Alexander_the_Great_to_Aristotle_by_Gerard_Hoet_before_1733_MH.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Olympias_presenting_the_young_Alexander_the_Great_to_Aristotle_by_Gerard_Hoet_before_1733_MH.jpg/330px-Olympias_presenting_the_young_Alexander_the_Great_to_Aristotle_by_Gerard_Hoet_before_1733_MH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Olympias_presenting_the_young_Alexander_the_Great_to_Aristotle_by_Gerard_Hoet_before_1733_MH.jpg/440px-Olympias_presenting_the_young_Alexander_the_Great_to_Aristotle_by_Gerard_Hoet_before_1733_MH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1348" /></a><figcaption>Olympias presenting the young Alexander the Great to Aristotle by <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Hoet" title="Gerard Hoet">Gerard Hoet</a>, 1733.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to primary sources, their marriage was very stormy due to Philip's volatility and Olympias' ambition and jealousy, which led to their growing estrangement.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Things got more tumultuous in 337 BC when Philip married a noble Macedonian woman, <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Eurydice_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra Eurydice of Macedon">Cleopatra</a>, the niece of <a href="/wiki/Attalus_(general)" title="Attalus (general)">Attalus</a>, who was given the name Eurydice by Philip. At a gathering after the marriage, Philip failed to defend Alexander's claim to the Macedonian throne when Attalus threatened his legitimacy, causing great tensions between Philip, Olympias, and Alexander.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Olympias went into voluntary exile in <a href="/wiki/Epirus" title="Epirus">Epirus</a> along with Alexander, staying at the Molossian court of her brother <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Epirus" title="Alexander I of Epirus">Alexander I</a>, who was the king at the time. </p><p>In 336 BC, Philip cemented his ties to Alexander I of Epirus by offering him the hand of his and Olympias' daughter <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_of_Macedon" title="Cleopatra of Macedon">Cleopatra</a> in marriage, a fact that led Olympias to further isolation as she could no longer count on her brother's support. However, Philip was murdered by <a href="/wiki/Pausanias_of_Orestis" title="Pausanias of Orestis">Pausanias</a>, a member of Philip's <i><a href="/wiki/Somatophylakes" title="Somatophylakes">somatophylakes</a></i>, his personal bodyguard, while attending the wedding, and Olympias, who returned to Macedonia, was suspected of having countenanced his assassination.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alexander's_reign_and_the_Wars_of_the_Diadochi"><span id="Alexander.27s_reign_and_the_Wars_of_the_Diadochi"></span>Alexander's reign and the Wars of the Diadochi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympias&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Alexander's reign and the Wars of the Diadochi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the death of Philip II, which Olympias was believed to have either ordered or been an accessory to according to some ancient historical accounts, Olympias was allegedly also involved in overseeing the execution of <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_Eurydice_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra Eurydice of Macedon">Eurydice</a> and her child in order to secure Alexander's position as the rightful king of Macedonia.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During Alexander's campaigns, she regularly corresponded with him and may have confirmed her son's claim in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a> that his father was not Philip but <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>. The relationship between Olympias and Alexander was cordial, but her son tried to keep her away from politics. However, she wielded great influence in Macedonia and caused troubles to <a href="/wiki/Antipater" title="Antipater">Antipater</a>, the regent of the kingdom. In 330 BC, she returned to Epirus and served as a regent to her cousin <a href="/wiki/Aeacides_of_Epirus" title="Aeacides of Epirus">Aeacides</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Epirus_(ancient_state)" title="Epirus (ancient state)">Epirote state</a>, as her brother Alexander I had died during a campaign in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Italy" title="Southern Italy">southern Italy</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_und_Olympias-IMG_5209.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Alexander_und_Olympias-IMG_5209.JPG/330px-Alexander_und_Olympias-IMG_5209.JPG" decoding="async" width="281" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Alexander_und_Olympias-IMG_5209.JPG/500px-Alexander_und_Olympias-IMG_5209.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Alexander_und_Olympias-IMG_5209.JPG/960px-Alexander_und_Olympias-IMG_5209.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Alexander and Olympias at <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6nbrunn_Palace" title="Schönbrunn Palace">Schönbrunn Palace</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After Alexander the Great's death in <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> in 323 BC, his wife <a href="/wiki/Roxana" title="Roxana">Roxana</a> gave birth to their son named <a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV</a>. Alexander IV and his uncle <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon" title="Philip III of Macedon">Philip III</a> Arrhidaeus, the half brother of Alexander the Great who may have been disabled, were subject to the regency of <a href="/wiki/Perdiccas" title="Perdiccas">Perdiccas</a>, who tried to strengthen his position through a marriage with Antipater's daughter <a href="/wiki/Nicaea_of_Macedon" title="Nicaea of Macedon">Nicaea</a>. At the same time, Olympias offered Perdiccas the hand of her and Philip's daughter, Cleopatra. Perdiccas chose Cleopatra, which angered Antipater, who allied himself with several other <a href="/wiki/Diadochi" title="Diadochi">Diadochi</a>, deposed Perdiccas, and was declared regent, only to die within the year. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Polyperchon" title="Polyperchon">Polyperchon</a> succeeded Antipater in 319 BC as regent, but Antipater's son <a href="/wiki/Cassander" title="Cassander">Cassander</a> established Philip II's son Philip III (Arrhidaeus) as king and forced Polyperchon out of Macedonia.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He fled to Epirus, taking <a href="/wiki/Roxana" title="Roxana">Roxana</a> and her son Alexander IV with him, who had previously been left in the care of Olympias. At the beginning, Olympias had not been involved in this conflict, but she soon realized that in the case of Cassander's rule, her grandson would lose the crown, so she allied with Polyperchon in 317 BC. The Macedonian soldiers supported her return and the united armies of Polyperchon and Olympias, with the house of <a href="/wiki/Aeacides" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeacides">Aeacides</a>, invaded Macedonia to drive Cassander out from power. </p><p>After winning in battle by convincing the army of <a href="/wiki/Eurydice_II_of_Macedon" title="Eurydice II of Macedon">Adea Eurydice</a>, the wife of <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon" title="Philip III of Macedon">Philip III</a>, to side with her own, Olympias captured and executed the two in October 317 BC. She also captured Cassander's brother and a hundred of his partisans.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica.com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cassander soon blockaded and besieged Olympias in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Pydna" title="Ancient Pydna">Pydna</a> and one of the terms of the capitulation had been that Olympias's life would be saved, but Cassander had decided to execute her, sparing only temporarily the lives of Roxana and Alexander IV (they were executed a few years later in 309 BC). When the fortress of Pydna fell, Cassander ordered Olympias killed, but the soldiers refused to harm the mother of Alexander the Great. There are differing stories about her death. Pausanias states that she was stoned to death by the families of her many victims. Justinus says she went out to meet her enemies in royal attire with two maids and forced them to stab her publicly, "so that you could see Alexander even in his dying mother." Cassander is also said to have denied to her body the rites of burial.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassandre_et_Olympia-Jean_Joseph_Taillasson_mg_8223.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cassandre_et_Olympia-Jean_Joseph_Taillasson_mg_8223.jpg/250px-Cassandre_et_Olympia-Jean_Joseph_Taillasson_mg_8223.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cassandre_et_Olympia-Jean_Joseph_Taillasson_mg_8223.jpg/330px-Cassandre_et_Olympia-Jean_Joseph_Taillasson_mg_8223.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cassandre_et_Olympia-Jean_Joseph_Taillasson_mg_8223.jpg/500px-Cassandre_et_Olympia-Jean_Joseph_Taillasson_mg_8223.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3095" data-file-height="2406" /></a><figcaption>Cassander ordering the death of Olympias by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Joseph_Taillasson" title="Jean-Joseph Taillasson">Jean-Joseph Taillasson</a>, ca. 1799.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iconography">Iconography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympias&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Iconography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A medal bearing the name "Olympias" was found in 1902 at <a href="/wiki/Abu_Qir" title="Abu Qir">Abu Qir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> that dates back to AD 225–250,<sup id="cite_ref-walters_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walters-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and belongs to the Archaeological Museum of <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reverse shows a <a href="/wiki/Nereid" class="mw-redirect" title="Nereid">Nereid</a> mounted on a fantastic sea creature. It had been suggested that the Olympias depicted on the medal was Queen Olympias, but this theory has been challenged. The name ΟΛΥΜΠΙΑΔΟΣ is thought to refer to the <a href="/wiki/Olympiad" title="Olympiad">Olympiads</a> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympias&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Olympias was portrayed by French actress <a href="/wiki/Danielle_Darrieux" title="Danielle Darrieux">Danielle Darrieux</a> in the 1956 film <i><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great_(1956_film)" title="Alexander the Great (1956 film)">Alexander the Great</a></i>, a historical epic which starred <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> as Alexander and <a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a> as his father.</li> <li>Olympias appears in <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Druon" title="Maurice Druon">Maurice Druon</a>'s 1960 novel <i>Alexander the God</i>.</li> <li>Olympias is a character in <i>The Young Alexander the Great</i> (1960) by <a href="/wiki/Naomi_Mitchison" title="Naomi Mitchison">Naomi Mitchison</a>.</li> <li>Olympias appears in <i>The Conqueror</i> (1962) by <a href="/wiki/Edison_Marshall" title="Edison Marshall">Edison Marshall</a>.</li> <li>Olympias is a character in <a href="/wiki/Aubrey_Menen" title="Aubrey Menen">Aubrey Menen</a>'s <i>A Conspiracy of Women</i> (1965).</li> <li>Olympias is a major character in two of the three <a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">novels</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mary_Renault" title="Mary Renault">Mary Renault</a>'s acclaimed Alexander Trilogy, <i><a href="/wiki/Fire_from_Heaven" title="Fire from Heaven">Fire from Heaven</a></i> (1969) and <i><a href="/wiki/Funeral_Games_(novel)" title="Funeral Games (novel)">Funeral Games</a></i> (1981). Olympias is frequently referenced in the second novel of the <a href="/wiki/Trilogy" title="Trilogy">trilogy</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Persian_Boy" title="The Persian Boy">The Persian Boy</a></i> (1972).</li> <li>Olympias is the subject of Michael A. Dimitri's 1993 novel <i>The Daughter of Neoptolemus</i>.</li> <li>Olympias is a character in <a href="/wiki/Valerio_Massimo_Manfredi" title="Valerio Massimo Manfredi">Valerio Massimo Manfredi</a>'s 2001 novel <i>Alexander: Child of a Dream</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Jolie" title="Angelina Jolie">Angelina Jolie</a> starred as Olympias in <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a>'s 2004 film <i><a href="/wiki/Alexander_(2004_film)" title="Alexander (2004 film)">Alexander</a></i>, which co-starred <a href="/wiki/Colin_Farrell" title="Colin Farrell">Colin Farrell</a> as Alexander and <a href="/wiki/Val_Kilmer" title="Val Kilmer">Val Kilmer</a> as <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip</a>.</li> <li>Olympias appears in <i>Empire of Ashes: A Novel of Alexander the Great</i> (2004) by <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Nicastro" title="Nicholas Nicastro">Nicholas Nicastro</a></li> <li>Olympias is a character in <i>The Virtues of War: A Novel of Alexander the Great</i> (2005), by <a href="/wiki/Steven_Pressfield" title="Steven Pressfield">Steven Pressfield</a>, told in the first person by Alexander.</li> <li>Olympias is the subject of <a href="/wiki/Judith_Tarr" title="Judith Tarr">Judith Tarr</a>'s 2008 novel <i>Bring Down the Sun (Alexander the Great #2)</i>.</li> <li>Olympias appears in the fictional biography of Alexander <i>God of War</i> (2012) by <a href="/wiki/Christian_Cameron" title="Christian Cameron">Christian Cameron</a>.</li> <li>Olympias also appears in the Indian series <i><a href="/wiki/Porus_(TV_series)" title="Porus (TV series)">Porus</a></i>, portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Sameksha" title="Sameksha">Sameksha</a>.</li> <li>Olympias (called Myrtale, her earlier name) appears in Jeanne Reames's duology <i>Dancing with the Lion</i> (2019).</li> <li>Olympias is also the name of the queen of Macedonia in the manga "<a href="/wiki/Historie" title="Historie">Historie</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Hitoshi_Iwaaki" title="Hitoshi Iwaaki">Hitoshi Iwaaki</a>.</li> <li>Olympias appears a character in <a href="/wiki/Horrible_Histories_(2015_TV_series)" title="Horrible Histories (2015 TV series)">Horrible Histories</a> in a skit named "Made in Macedonia".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympias&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkimachos_of_Pydna" title="Alkimachos of Pydna">Alkimachos of Pydna</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympias&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191205053556/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2019/11-12/queen-olympias-ancient-macedonia/">"Olympias, the Mighty Mother of Alexander the Great"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a></i>. 3 December 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2019/11-12/queen-olympias-ancient-macedonia/">the original</a> on December 5, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+Society&rft.atitle=Olympias%2C+the+Mighty+Mother+of+Alexander+the+Great&rft.date=2019-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fhistory%2Fmagazine%2F2019%2F11-12%2Fqueen-olympias-ancient-macedonia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympias" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.american-pictures.com/genealogy/persons/per01294.htm#0">"Olympias Queen of Macedonia"</a>. www.american-pictures.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-07-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Olympias+Queen+of+Macedonia&rft.pub=www.american-pictures.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.american-pictures.com%2Fgenealogy%2Fpersons%2Fper01294.htm%230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympias" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carney-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carney_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carney_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carney_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cj.camws.org/Dixon%20on%20Carney.pdf">"Review of Elizabeth Carney's <i>Olympias, Mother of Alexander the Great</i> by Michael D. Dixon"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Classical Journal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+of+Elizabeth+Carney%27s+Olympias%2C+Mother+of+Alexander+the+Great+by+Michael+D.+Dixon&rft.pub=Classical+Journal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcj.camws.org%2FDixon%2520on%2520Carney.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympias" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_D._Carney" title="Elizabeth D. Carney">Carney, Elizabeth</a> (2006). <i>Olympias: Mother of Alexander the Great</i>, p. 23. Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415333172" title="Special:BookSources/0415333172">0415333172</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The nonsense about the snakes" is from <a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>'s <i>Life of Alexander</i> (2.6), according to Robin Lane Fox, <i>Alexander the Great</i> 1973:26 and note p. 504; Fox suggests that the snake-handling was the <i>stuprum</i> referred to by Justin9.5.9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica.com-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica.com_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/427989/Olympias">"Olympias | Macedonian leader"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Olympias+%26%23124%3B+Macedonian+leader&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F427989%2FOlympias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympias" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica_staff2013" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Encyclopædia Britannica staff (2013). "Epirus". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/190156/Epirus"><i>Epirus</i></a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, Inc</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Epirus&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F190156%2FEpirus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympias" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith1867" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a>, ed. (1867). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/acl3129.0001.001/37?page=root;rgn=full+text;size=100;view=image">"Aeacides"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology"><i>A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology</i></a>. Vol. 1. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. p. 22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aeacides&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+biography+and+mythology&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown%2C+and+Company&rft.date=1867&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquod.lib.umich.edu%2Fm%2Fmoa%2Facl3129.0001.001%2F37%3Fpage%3Droot%3Brgn%3Dfull%2Btext%3Bsize%3D100%3Bview%3Dimage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympias" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Theopompus" title="Theopompus">Theopompus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fragmente_der_griechischen_Historiker" title="Fragmente der griechischen Historiker">Fragmente der griechischen Historiker</a></i> (FGrH) 115 F355</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarney2006" class="citation book cs1">Carney, Elizabeth (2006-09-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xxmAAgAAQBAJ&dq=olympias+father&pg=PT26"><i>Olympias: Mother of Alexander the Great</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-31818-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-31818-6"><bdi>978-1-134-31818-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Olympias%3A+Mother+of+Alexander+the+Great&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006-09-27&rft.isbn=978-1-134-31818-6&rft.aulast=Carney&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxxmAAgAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dolympias%2Bfather%26pg%3DPT26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympias" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeckel2006">Heckel 2006</a>, p. 181</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plutarch, <i>Alexander</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?layout=;doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0243;query=chapter%3D%232;loc=2">2.1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Justin_(historian)" title="Justin (historian)">Justin</a> 7, 6, 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Olympias">"Olympias | Macedonian leader"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Olympias+%7C+Macedonian+leader&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FOlympias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympias" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plutarch, <i>Alexander</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?layout=;doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0243;query=chapter%3D%232;loc=2">2.2–2.3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Plutarch, <i>Alexander,</i> 9.3 & 10.4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Justinus, <i>Historia</i> <i>9, 5-7</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreen1998" class="citation book cs1">Green, Peter (1998-06-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zlFXc9N19yUC&q=%22Cleopatra+Eurydice%22&pg=PA161"><i>Classical Bearings: Interpreting Ancient History and Culture</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20811-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20811-7"><bdi>978-0-520-20811-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Classical+Bearings%3A+Interpreting+Ancient+History+and+Culture&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1998-06-25&rft.isbn=978-0-520-20811-7&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzlFXc9N19yUC%26q%3D%2522Cleopatra%2BEurydice%2522%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympias" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_D._Carney" title="Elizabeth D. Carney">Carney, Elizabeth</a> (2006). <i>Olympias: Mother of Alexander the Great</i>, p. 82. Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415333172" title="Special:BookSources/0415333172">0415333172</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-walters-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-walters_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThewalters.org" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walters_Art_Museum" title="Walters Art Museum">Thewalters.org</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131125085848/http://art.thewalters.org/detail/35838">"Medallion with Olympias · The Walters Art Museum · Works of Art"</a>. <i>Part of three browsing collections. Creator: Roman. Medium: Coins & Medals. Location: Ancient Treasury</i>. Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://art.thewalters.org/detail/35838">the original</a> on 25 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2012</span>. <q>Together with 59.1 and 59.3, this piece is part of a series of large gold medallions that was commissioned to honor Emperor Caracalla, representing him as the descendant of Alexander the Great. These medallions, found at Aboukir in Upper Egypt, demonstrate the artistry and technical prowess achieved by an imperial mint, perhaps that of Ephesus or Perinthus (both cities in western Asia Minor). Olympias, mother of Alexander the Great, is depicted here in profile. The back shows a "nereid" (sea nymph), perhaps Thetis, the mother of Achilles, riding on a hippocamp, a mythical sea-creature. Thus, the medallion forms part of a double comparison: Caracalla is compared to Alexander, the conqueror of the East; Alexander is compared to Achilles, a hero of the Trojan War.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Part+of+three+browsing+collections.+Creator%3A+Roman.+Medium%3A+Coins+%26+Medals.+Location%3A+Ancient+Treasury&rft.atitle=Medallion+with+Olympias+%C2%B7+The+Walters+Art+Museum+%C2%B7+Works+of+Art&rft.au=Thewalters.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fart.thewalters.org%2Fdetail%2F35838&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympias" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amth.gr/en/exhibitions/permanent-exhibitions/gold-macedon">"The Gold of Macedon | ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM OF THESSALONIKI"</a>. <i>www.amth.gr</i>. 14 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.amth.gr&rft.atitle=The+Gold+of+Macedon+%7C+ARCHAEOLOGICAL+MUSEUM+OF+THESSALONIKI&rft.date=2015-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amth.gr%2Fen%2Fexhibitions%2Fpermanent-exhibitions%2Fgold-macedon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympias" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Gag%C3%A9" title="Jean Gagé">Jean Gagé</a>, <i>Alexandre le Grand en Macédoine dans la Ière moitié du IIIe siècle ap. J.-C.</i>, Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, Vol. 24, No. 1 (1st Qtr., 1975), pp. 1-16</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympias&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Primary sources</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plutarch" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, <i>Alexander</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Parallel_Lives" title="Parallel Lives">Parallel Lives</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0243&query=head%3D%231">online</a> at <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a>.</li></ul> <p><b>Secondary sources</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHeckel2006" class="citation book cs1">Heckel, Waldemar (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JJ4K1wFZkrsC"><i>Who's who in the age of Alexander the Great: prosopography of Alexander's empire</i></a>. Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4051-1210-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-4051-1210-7"><bdi>1-4051-1210-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+who+in+the+age+of+Alexander+the+Great%3A+prosopography+of+Alexander%27s+empire&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-4051-1210-7&rft.aulast=Heckel&rft.aufirst=Waldemar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJJ4K1wFZkrsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympias" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWaterfield,_Robin2011" class="citation book cs1">Waterfield, Robin (2011). <i>Dividing the Spoils: The War for Alexander the Great's Empire</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 273 pages. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199647002" title="Special:BookSources/9780199647002"><bdi>9780199647002</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dividing+the+Spoils%3A+The+War+for+Alexander+the+Great%27s+Empire&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=273+pages&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780199647002&rft.au=Waterfield%2C+Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympias" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olympias&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Olympias" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Olympias">Olympias</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/427989/Olympias">"Olympias (Macedonian leader)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Olympias+%28Macedonian+leader%29&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Eleventh+Edition&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F427989%2FOlympias&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympias" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060718045607/http://www.livius.org/oa-om/olympias/olympias.htm">"Olympias"</a>. <i>Livius. Articles on Ancient History</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livius.org/oa-om/olympias/olympias.htm">the original</a> on July 18, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Livius.+Articles+on+Ancient+History&rft.atitle=Olympias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livius.org%2Foa-om%2Folympias%2Folympias.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOlympias" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Olympias"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Olympias">"Olympias" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span 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