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Marriage, family, legal career and first ladyship of Arkansas </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Marriage,_family,_legal_career_and_first_ladyship_of_Arkansas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Marriage, family, legal career and first ladyship of Arkansas subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Marriage,_family,_legal_career_and_first_ladyship_of_Arkansas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-From_the_East_Coast_to_Arkansas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_the_East_Coast_to_Arkansas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 From the East Coast to Arkansas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_the_East_Coast_to_Arkansas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Arkansas_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Arkansas_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Early Arkansas years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Arkansas_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_Arkansas_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_Arkansas_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Later Arkansas years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_Arkansas_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bill_Clinton_1992_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bill_Clinton_1992_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bill_Clinton_1992_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(1993–2001)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(1993–2001)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 First Lady of the United States (1993–2001) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(1993–2001)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle First Lady of the United States (1993–2001) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(1993–2001)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health_care_and_other_policy_initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care_and_other_policy_initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Health care and other policy initiatives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care_and_other_policy_initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_diplomacy_and_promotion_of_women's_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_diplomacy_and_promotion_of_women's_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 International diplomacy and promotion of women's rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_diplomacy_and_promotion_of_women's_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scandals_and_investigations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scandals_and_investigations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Scandals and investigations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scandals_and_investigations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-It_Takes_a_Village_and_other_writings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#It_Takes_a_Village_and_other_writings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 It Takes a Village and other writings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-It_Takes_a_Village_and_other_writings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Response_to_Lewinsky_scandal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Response_to_Lewinsky_scandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Response to Lewinsky scandal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Response_to_Lewinsky_scandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Save_America's_Treasures_initiative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Save_America's_Treasures_initiative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.6 Save America's Treasures initiative </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Save_America's_Treasures_initiative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_duties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_duties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.7 Traditional duties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_duties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._Senate_(2001–2009)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._Senate_(2001–2009)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 U.S. Senate (2001–2009) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-U.S._Senate_(2001–2009)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle U.S. Senate (2001–2009) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-U.S._Senate_(2001–2009)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2000_U.S._Senate_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000_U.S._Senate_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 2000 U.S. Senate election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000_U.S._Senate_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 First term </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006_reelection_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006_reelection_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 2006 reelection campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006_reelection_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Second term </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 2008 presidential campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secretary_of_State_(2009–2013)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secretary_of_State_(2009–2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Secretary of State (2009–2013) </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Secretary_of_State_(2009–2013)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Secretary of State (2009–2013) subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Secretary_of_State_(2009–2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nomination_and_confirmation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nomination_and_confirmation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Nomination and confirmation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nomination_and_confirmation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tenure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tenure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Tenure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tenure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overall_themes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overall_themes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2.1 Overall themes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overall_themes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Benghazi_attack_and_subsequent_hearings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Benghazi_attack_and_subsequent_hearings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Benghazi attack and subsequent hearings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Benghazi_attack_and_subsequent_hearings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Email_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Email_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Email controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Email_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clinton_Foundation,_Hard_Choices,_and_speeches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clinton_Foundation,_Hard_Choices,_and_speeches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Clinton Foundation, Hard Choices, and speeches </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clinton_Foundation,_Hard_Choices,_and_speeches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016_presidential_campaign" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016_presidential_campaign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 2016 presidential campaign </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016_presidential_campaign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post–2016_election_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post–2016_election_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Post–2016 election activities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post–2016_election_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Political positions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Political positions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Political_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Economics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Economics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Domestic_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Domestic policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-LGBT_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#LGBT_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.3 LGBT rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-LGBT_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.4 Immigration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.5 Foreign policy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Religious views </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_and_political_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_and_political_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Cultural and political image </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_and_political_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Books </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Ancestry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.1 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18.2 Works cited </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Official" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.1 Official </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_coverage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_coverage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.2 Media coverage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_coverage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 19.3 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Hillary Clinton</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 139 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" > 139 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%82%E1%88%88%E1%88%AA_%E1%88%AE%E1%8B%B5%E1%88%83%E1%88%9D_%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%8A%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B0%E1%8A%95" title="ሂለሪ ሮድሃም ክሊንተን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሂለሪ ሮድሃም ክሊንተን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="हिलेरी क्लिंटन – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="हिलेरी क्लिंटन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="هيلاري كلينتون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هيلاري كلينتون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8" title="হিলাৰি ক্লিণ্টন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="হিলাৰি ক্লিণ্টন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="हिलारी क्लिन्टन – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="हिलारी क्लिन्टन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillari_Klinton" title="Hillari Klinton – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hillari Klinton" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="هیلاری کلینتون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیلاری کلینتون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8" title="হিলারি ক্লিনটন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিলারি ক্লিনটন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хілары Клінтан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хілары Клінтан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гілары Клінтан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гілары Клінтан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="हिलेरी क्लिंटन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="हिलेरी क्लिंटन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Хилъри Клинтън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хилъри Клинтън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clintonov%C3%A1" title="Hillary Clintonová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hillary Clintonová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="हिलरी क्लिन्टन – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="हिलरी क्लिन्टन" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9_%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Χίλαρι Κλίντον – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χίλαρι Κλίντον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="هیلاری کلینتون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هیلاری کلینتون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80_%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%A8" title="હિલેરી ક્લિન્ટન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હિલેરી ક્લિન્ટન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%90%EB%9F%AC%EB%A6%AC_%ED%81%B4%EB%A6%B0%ED%84%B4" title="힐러리 클린턴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="힐러리 클린턴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%94%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Հիլարի Քլինթոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հիլարի Քլինթոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="हिलेरी रोढम क्लिंटन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हिलेरी रोढम क्लिंटन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton" title="Hillary Rodham Clinton – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hillary Rodham Clinton" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="הילרי קלינטון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הילרי קלינטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಹಿಲರಿ ಕ್ಲಿಂಟನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಹಿಲರಿ ಕ್ಲಿಂಟನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჰილარი კლინტონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰილარი კლინტონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хиллари Клинтон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хиллари Клинтон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton" title="Hillary Rodham Clinton – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Hillary Rodham Clinton" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilaria_Clinton" title="Hilaria Clinton – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hilaria Clinton" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilarija_Klintone" title="Hilarija Klintone – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hilarija Klintone" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="हिलरी रडम क्लिन्टन – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="हिलरी रडम क्लिन्टन" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хилари Клинтон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хилари Клинтон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BA" title="ഹിലരി ക്ലിന്റൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹിലരി ക്ലിന്റൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="हिलरी क्लिंटन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हिलरी क्लिंटन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ჰილარი კლინტონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჰილარი კლინტონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="هيلارى كلينتون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هيلارى كلينتون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="هیلاری کلینتون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="هیلاری کلینتون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хиллари Клинтон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хиллари Клинтон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE_%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဟီလာရီ ကလင်တန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟီလာရီ ကလင်တန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="हिलरी रडम क्लिन्टन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हिलरी रडम क्लिन्टन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%A9%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3" title="ヒラリー・クリントン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒラリー・クリントン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A3%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%A8" title="ହିଲାରୀ କ୍ଲିଣ୍ଟନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ହିଲାରୀ କ୍ଲିଣ୍ଟନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A8" title="ਹਿਲੇਰੀ ਕਲਿੰਟਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਿਲੇਰੀ ਕਲਿੰਟਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%81%D9%85_%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86%D9%B9%D9%86" title="ہلری رودہم کلنٹن – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہلری رودہم کلنٹن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%8A_%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86%D9%BC%D9%86" title="هيلري کلنټن – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هيلري کلنټن" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%A1%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8_%E1%9E%82%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%93" title="ហ៊ីលឡារី គ្លីនតុន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ហ៊ីលឡារី គ្លីនតុន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Клинтон, Хиллари – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Клинтон, Хиллари" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱦᱤᱞᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱞᱤᱱᱴᱚᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱤᱞᱮᱨᱤ ᱠᱞᱤᱱᱴᱚᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="හිලරි ක්ලින්ටන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හිලරි ක්ලින්ටන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clintonov%C3%A1" title="Hillary Clintonová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hillary Clintonová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DA%B5%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%86" title="ھیلاری کڵینتن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھیلاری کڵینتن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Хилари Клинтон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хилари Клинтон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="இலரி கிளின்டன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலரி கிளின்டன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Һиллари Клинтон – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һиллари Клинтон" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="హిల్లరీ క్లింటన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హిల్లరీ క్లింటన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ฮิลลารี คลินตัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮิลลารี คลินตัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ҳиллари Клинтон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ҳиллари Клинтон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%96_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Гілларі Клінтон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гілларі Клінтон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86%D9%B9%D9%86" title="ہیلری کلنٹن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہیلری کلنٹن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%D9%89%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%89%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="ھىلاري كلىنتون – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ھىلاري كلىنتون" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton" title="Hillary Rodham Clinton – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hillary Rodham Clinton" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%8B%89%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E9%A1%BF" title="希拉里·克林顿 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="希拉里·克林顿" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F" title="הילערי קלינטאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הילערי קלינטאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton" title="Hillary Rodham Clinton – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Hillary Rodham Clinton" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%8B%89%E8%8E%89" title="希拉莉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="希拉莉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilar%C4%97_Kl%C4%97ntuon" title="Hilarė Klėntuon – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Hilarė Klėntuon" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E6%8B%89%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E9%A1%BF" title="希拉里·克林顿 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="希拉里·克林顿" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Hillary Clinton" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bajau Sama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillari_Klinton" title="Hillari Klinton – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Hillari Klinton" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Hillary" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Hillary_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Hillary (disambiguation)">Hillary (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Hillary Clinton</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Clinton_by_Gage_Skidmore_4_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Clinton speaking at an event in Des Moines, Iowa, during her 2016 presidential campaign" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Hillary_Clinton_by_Gage_Skidmore_4_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Hillary_Clinton_by_Gage_Skidmore_4_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Hillary_Clinton_by_Gage_Skidmore_4_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Hillary_Clinton_by_Gage_Skidmore_4_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Hillary_Clinton_by_Gage_Skidmore_4_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Hillary_Clinton_by_Gage_Skidmore_4_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2245" data-file-height="2995" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Clinton in 2016</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">67th <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 21, 2009 – February 1, 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Deputy</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Negroponte" title="John Negroponte">John Negroponte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Steinberg" title="James Steinberg">James Steinberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Burns_(diplomat)" title="William J. Burns (diplomat)">William J. Burns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office January 3, 2001 – January 21, 2009</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Daniel Patrick Moynihan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Kirsten Gillibrand</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In role January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/First_ladies_and_gentlemen_of_Arkansas" title="First ladies and gentlemen of Arkansas">First Lady of Arkansas</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In role January 11, 1983 – December 12, 1992</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data">Bill Clinton</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gay_Daniels_White" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay Daniels White">Gay Daniels White</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Betty Tucker</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In role January 9, 1979 – January 19, 1981</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data">Bill Clinton</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Barbara Pryor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Gay Daniels White</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">11th <a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_the_Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="List of chancellors of the Queen's University Belfast">Chancellor of Queen's University Belfast</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">Assumed office January 2, 2020</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Greer_(obstetrician)" title="Ian Greer (obstetrician)">Ian Greer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Moran_(businessman)" title="Thomas J. Moran (businessman)">Thomas J. Moran</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Hillary Diane Rodham</div> (1947-10-26) October 26, 1947 (age 77) <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, Illinois, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> (1968–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> (1965–1968)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>1975)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Clinton" title="Chelsea Clinton">Chelsea Clinton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Rodham_(born_1911)" title="Hugh Rodham (born 1911)">Hugh Rodham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Howell_Rodham" title="Dorothy Howell Rodham">Dorothy Howell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Clinton_family" title="Clinton family">Clinton family</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residences</th><td class="infobox-data label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chappaqua,_New_York" title="Chappaqua, New York">Chappaqua, New York</a>, U.S.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>) <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">JD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Hillary_Clinton" class="mw-redirect" title="List of honors and awards received by Hillary Clinton">List of honors and awards</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hillary Clinton's signature"><img alt="Cursive signature in ink" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_Signature.svg/128px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_Signature.svg/192px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_Signature.svg/256px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="88" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hillaryclinton.com">hillaryclinton.com</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-left listen noprint listen-embedded listen-noimage listen-center"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Clinton_voice.ogg" title="File:Hillary Clinton voice.ogg">Hillary Clinton's voice</a></div> <div><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="215" style="width:215px;" data-durationhint="173" data-mwtitle="Hillary_Clinton_voice.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/Hillary_Clinton_voice.ogg/Hillary_Clinton_voice.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Hillary_Clinton_voice.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></div> <div class="description">Clinton conceding the 2016 presidential election Recorded November 9, 2016</div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (<a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a> Rodham; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician and diplomat. She was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States#Secretaries_of_state" title="List of secretaries of state of the United States">67th United States secretary of state</a> in the administration of <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> from 2009 to 2013, a <a href="/wiki/U.S._senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. senator">U.S. senator</a> representing New York from 2001 to 2009, and the <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">first lady of the United States</a> as the wife of <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> from 1993 to 2001. A member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, she was the party's nominee in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 presidential election</a>, becoming the first woman to win a presidential nomination by a major U.S. political party and the only woman to win the popular vote for U.S. president. She is the only first lady of the United States to have run for elected office. Rodham graduated from <a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley College</a> in 1969 and from <a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School">Yale Law School</a> in 1973. After serving as a congressional legal counsel, she moved to <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> and, in 1975, married Bill Clinton. In 1977, Clinton co-founded <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Advocates_for_Children_and_Families" title="Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families">Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families</a>, and in 1979 she became the first woman partner at <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rose_Law_Firm" title="Rose Law Firm">Rose Law Firm</a>. Clinton was the <a href="/wiki/First_lady_of_Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="First lady of Arkansas">first lady of Arkansas</a> from 1979 to 1981 and again from 1983 to 1992. As the first lady of the U.S., Clinton advocated for healthcare reform. In 1994, <a href="/wiki/Clinton_health_care_plan_of_1993" title="Clinton health care plan of 1993">her health care plan</a> failed to gain approval from Congress. In 1997 and 1999, Clinton played a leading role in promoting the creation of the <a href="/wiki/State_Children%27s_Health_Insurance_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="State Children's Health Insurance Program">State Children's Health Insurance Program</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Adoption_and_Safe_Families_Act" title="Adoption and Safe Families Act">Adoption and Safe Families Act</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Foster_Care_Independence_Act" title="Foster Care Independence Act">Foster Care Independence Act</a>. In 1998, Clinton's marital relationship came under public scrutiny during the <a href="/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewinsky scandal">Lewinsky scandal</a>, which led her to issue a statement that reaffirmed her commitment to the marriage. Clinton was <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="2000 United States Senate election in New York">first elected to the U.S. Senate in 2000</a>, becoming the first female senator from New York and the first First Lady to simultaneously hold elected office. As a senator, she chaired the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Steering_and_Outreach_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Steering and Outreach Committee">Senate Democratic Steering and Outreach Committee</a> from 2003 to 2007. Clinton <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign">ran for president in 2008</a>, but lost to <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">the Democratic primaries</a>. In 2009, she resigned from the Senate to become Obama's secretary of state. She responded to the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a> by advocating the <a href="/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="2011 military intervention in Libya">2011 military intervention in Libya</a>, but was harshly criticized by <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republicans</a> for the failure to prevent or adequately respond to the <a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">2012 Benghazi attack</a>. Clinton helped to organize a regime of international <a href="/wiki/Sanctions_against_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanctions against Iran">sanctions against Iran</a> in an effort to force it to curtail its <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">nuclear program</a>, which eventually led to the multinational <a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action</a> in 2015. The <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="East Asian foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">strategic pivot to Asia</a> was a central aspect of her tenure. <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_email_controversy" title="Hillary Clinton email controversy">Her use of a private email server</a> as secretary was the subject of intense scrutiny; while no charges were filed, the controversy was the single-most-covered topic during her <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">second presidential run in 2016</a>. She won the Democratic nomination, but lost <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">the general election</a> to her <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> opponent, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a>, while winning the popular vote. Following her loss, she wrote multiple books and launched <a href="/wiki/Onward_Together" title="Onward Together">Onward Together</a>, a <a href="/wiki/501c4" class="mw-redirect" title="501c4">political action organization</a> dedicated to fundraising for progressive political groups. In 2011, Clinton was appointed the Honorary Founding Chair of the Institute for Women, Peace and Security at <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a>, and the awards named in her name has been awarded annually at the university. Since 2020, she has served as <a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_the_Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="List of chancellors of the Queen's University Belfast">Chancellor of Queen's University Belfast</a>. In 2023, Clinton joined <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> as a Professor of Practice at the School of International and Public Affairs. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Clinton_in_1965_Eyrie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hillary_Clinton_in_1965_Eyrie.jpg/170px-Hillary_Clinton_in_1965_Eyrie.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hillary_Clinton_in_1965_Eyrie.jpg/255px-Hillary_Clinton_in_1965_Eyrie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Hillary_Clinton_in_1965_Eyrie.jpg/340px-Hillary_Clinton_in_1965_Eyrie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3630" data-file-height="5000" /></a><figcaption>Rodham in <a href="/wiki/Maine_South_High_School" title="Maine South High School">Maine South High School</a>'s 1965 yearbook</figcaption></figure> Hillary Diane Rodham<a href="#cite_note-fullname-1">[1]</a> was born on October 26, 1947, at Edgewater Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago, Illinois</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Whitehouse.gov-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> She was raised in a <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> family who first lived in Chicago. When she was three years old, her family moved to the Chicago suburb of <a href="/wiki/Park_Ridge,_Illinois" title="Park Ridge, Illinois">Park Ridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200718,_34-4">[4]</a> Her father, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Rodham_(born_1911)" title="Hugh Rodham (born 1911)">Hugh Rodham</a>, was of <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a> descent,<a href="#cite_note-nehgs-5">[5]</a> and managed a small but successful textile business, which he had founded.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200717–18-6">[6]</a> Her mother, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Howell_Rodham" title="Dorothy Howell Rodham">Dorothy Howell</a>, was a homemaker of <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a>, English, <a href="/wiki/French_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="French Canadian">French Canadian</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>), <a href="/wiki/Scottish_people" title="Scottish people">Scottish</a>, and Welsh descent.<a href="#cite_note-nehgs-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-brock-4-8">[8]</a> She has two younger brothers, <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Rodham_(born_1950)" title="Hugh Rodham (born 1950)">Hugh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Rodham" title="Tony Rodham">Tony</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200714-9">[9]</a> As a child, Rodham was a favorite student among her teachers at the <a href="/wiki/Park_Ridge-Niles_School_District_64" title="Park Ridge-Niles School District 64">public schools she attended</a> in Park Ridge.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200729Morris1996113-10">[10]</a> She participated in swimming and softball and earned numerous badges as a <a href="/wiki/Brownie_(Girl_Guides)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brownie (Girl Guides)">Brownie</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Girl_Scouts_of_the_USA" title="Girl Scouts of the USA">Girl Scout</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200729Morris1996113-10">[10]</a> She was inspired by U.S. efforts during the <a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a> and sent a letter to <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> around 1961 asking what she could do to become an astronaut, only to be informed that women were not being accepted into the program.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> She attended <a href="/wiki/Maine_South_High_School" title="Maine South High School">Maine South High School</a>,<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> where she participated in the <a href="/wiki/Student_council" title="Student council">student council</a> and school newspaper and was selected for the <a href="/wiki/National_Honor_Society" title="National Honor Society">National Honor Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Whitehouse.gov-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200730–31-14">[14]</a> She was elected class vice president for her junior year but then lost the election for class president for her senior year against two boys, one of whom told her that "you are really stupid if you think a girl can be elected president".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200730GerthVan_Natta200721–22-15">[15]</a> For her senior year, she and other students were transferred to the then-new <a href="/wiki/Maine_South_High_School" title="Maine South High School">Maine South High School</a>. There she was a <a href="/wiki/National_Merit_Finalist" class="mw-redirect" title="National Merit Finalist">National Merit Finalist</a> and was voted "most likely to succeed." She graduated in 1965 in the top five percent of her class.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200730–31Maraniss1995255-16">[16]</a> Rodham's mother wanted her to have an independent, professional career.<a href="#cite_note-brock-4-8">[8]</a> Her father, who was otherwise a traditionalist, felt that his daughter's abilities and opportunities should not be limited by gender.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200713-17">[17]</a> She was raised in a politically <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> household,<a href="#cite_note-brock-4-8">[8]</a> and she helped <a href="/wiki/Canvassing" title="Canvassing">canvass</a> <a href="/wiki/Chicago%27s_South_Side" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago's South Side">Chicago's South Side</a> at age 13 after the very close <a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_presidential_election" title="1960 United States presidential election">1960 U.S. presidential election</a>. She stated that, while investigating with a fellow teenage friend shortly after the election, she saw evidence of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_fraud" title="Electoral fraud">electoral fraud</a> (a voting list entry showing a dozen addresses that was an empty lot) against Republican candidate <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200719-18">[18]</a> she later volunteered to campaign for Republican candidate <a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1964_United_States_presidential_election" title="1964 United States presidential election">1964 election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Rodham's early political development was shaped mostly by her high school history teacher (like her father, a fervent <a href="/wiki/Anti-communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-communist">anti-communist</a>), who introduced her to Goldwater's <a href="/wiki/The_Conscience_of_a_Conservative" title="The Conscience of a Conservative">The Conscience of a Conservative</a> and by her Methodist youth minister (like her mother, concerned with issues of <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a>), with whom she saw and afterwards briefly met <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> at a 1962 speech in Chicago's <a href="/wiki/Orchestra_Hall_(Chicago)" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchestra Hall (Chicago)">Orchestra Hall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wellesley_College_years">Wellesley College years</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1968_Wellesley_College_Government_Presidential_Candidates_at_Panel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Rhodham sitting on a panel, flanked by two other candidates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/1968_Wellesley_College_Government_Presidential_Candidates_at_Panel.jpg/220px-1968_Wellesley_College_Government_Presidential_Candidates_at_Panel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/1968_Wellesley_College_Government_Presidential_Candidates_at_Panel.jpg/330px-1968_Wellesley_College_Government_Presidential_Candidates_at_Panel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/1968_Wellesley_College_Government_Presidential_Candidates_at_Panel.jpg/440px-1968_Wellesley_College_Government_Presidential_Candidates_at_Panel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Rodham campaigning for <a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley College</a> government president in 1968, an election which she later won</figcaption></figure> In 1965, Rodham enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Wellesley_College" title="Wellesley College">Wellesley College</a>, where she majored in <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> During her first year, she was president of the Wellesley <a href="/wiki/Young_Republicans" title="Young Republicans">Young Republicans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-living31-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> As the leader of this "<a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Republican" title="Rockefeller Republican">Rockefeller Republican</a>"-oriented group,<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> she supported the elections of moderate Republicans <a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">John Lindsay</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">mayor of New York City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Attorney_General" title="Massachusetts Attorney General">Massachusetts attorney general</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Edward Brooke</a> to the United States Senate.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> She later stepped down from this position. In 2003, Clinton would write that her views concerning the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> were changing in her early college years.<a href="#cite_note-living31-23">[23]</a> In a letter to her youth minister at that time, she described herself as "a mind conservative and a heart liberal".<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> In contrast to the factions in the 1960s that advocated radical actions against the political system, she sought to work for change within it.<a href="#cite_note-bg011293-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> By her <a href="/wiki/Junior_(education_year)" title="Junior (education year)">junior</a> year, Rodham became a supporter of the antiwar <a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">presidential nomination campaign</a> of Democrat <a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt090507-30">[30]</a> In early 1968, she was elected president of the Wellesley College Government Association, a position she held until early 1969.<a href="#cite_note-bg011293-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-wcaddr-31">[31]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.">assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.</a>, Rodham organized a two-day student strike and worked with Wellesley's black students to recruit more black students and faculty.<a href="#cite_note-nyt090507-30">[30]</a> In her student government role, she played a role in keeping Wellesley from being embroiled in the <a href="/wiki/Campus_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="Campus protest">student disruptions</a> common to other colleges.<a href="#cite_note-bg011293-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200753–54-32">[32]</a> A number of her fellow students thought she might some day become the first female president of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-bg011293-28">[28]</a> To help her better understand her changing political views, Professor <a href="/wiki/Alan_Schechter" title="Alan Schechter">Alan Schechter</a> assigned Rodham to intern at the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Conference_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Conference of the United States House of Representatives">House Republican Conference</a>, and she attended the "Wellesley in Washington" summer program.<a href="#cite_note-nyt090507-30">[30]</a> Rodham was invited by moderate New York Republican representative <a href="/wiki/Charles_Goodell" title="Charles Goodell">Charles Goodell</a> to help Governor <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a>'s late-entry campaign for the Republican nomination.<a href="#cite_note-nyt090507-30">[30]</a> Rodham attended the <a href="/wiki/1968_Republican_National_Convention" title="1968 Republican National Convention">1968 Republican National Convention</a> in <a href="/wiki/Miami_Beach,_Florida" title="Miami Beach, Florida">Miami Beach</a>. However, she was upset by the way Richard Nixon's campaign portrayed Rockefeller and by what she perceived as the convention's "veiled" racist messages, and she left the Republican Party for good.<a href="#cite_note-nyt090507-30">[30]</a> Rodham <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Rodham_senior_thesis#Thesis" title="Hillary Rodham senior thesis">wrote her senior thesis</a>, a critique of the tactics of radical community organizer <a href="/wiki/Saul_Alinsky" title="Saul Alinsky">Saul Alinsky</a>, under Professor Schechter.<a href="#cite_note-msn030207-33">[33]</a> Years later, while she was the first lady, access to her thesis was <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Rodham_senior_thesis#White_House_and_Wellesley_limiting_of_access" title="Hillary Rodham senior thesis">restricted at the request of the White House</a> and it became the subject of some speculation. The thesis was later released.<a href="#cite_note-msn030207-33">[33]</a> In 1969, she graduated with a Bachelor of Arts,<a href="#cite_note-nyt-bio-34">[34]</a> with departmental honors in political science.<a href="#cite_note-msn030207-33">[33]</a> After some fellow seniors requested that the college administration allow a student speaker at commencement, she became the first student in Wellesley College history to speak at the event. Her address followed that of the <a href="/wiki/Commencement_speaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Commencement speaker">commencement speaker</a>, Senator <a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Edward Brooke</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wcaddr-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200734–36-35">[35]</a> After her speech, she received a standing ovation that lasted seven minutes.<a href="#cite_note-bg011293-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> She was featured in an article published in <a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a> magazine,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-time69-39">[39]</a> because of the response to a part of her speech that criticized Senator Brooke.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200734–36-35">[35]</a> She also appeared on <a href="/wiki/Irv_Kupcinet" title="Irv Kupcinet">Irv Kupcinet</a>'s nationally syndicated television talk show as well as in Illinois and New England newspapers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200770-40">[40]</a> She was asked to speak at the 50th anniversary convention of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Women_Voters" title="League of Women Voters">League of Women Voters</a> in Washington, D.C., the next year.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> That summer, she worked her way across Alaska, washing dishes in <a href="/wiki/Mount_McKinley_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount McKinley National Park">Mount McKinley National Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fish_processing" title="Fish processing">sliming</a> salmon in a fish processing cannery in <a href="/wiki/Valdez,_Alaska" title="Valdez, Alaska">Valdez</a> (which fired her and shut down overnight when she complained about unhealthy conditions).<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yale_Law_School_and_postgraduate_studies">Yale Law School and postgraduate studies</h3></div> Rodham then entered <a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_School" title="Yale Law School">Yale Law School</a>, where she was on the editorial board of the <a href="/wiki/Yale_Review_of_Law_and_Social_Action" title="Yale Review of Law and Social Action">Yale Review of Law and Social Action</a>.<a href="#cite_note-arkhc-43">[43]</a> During her second year, she worked at the <a href="/wiki/Yale_Child_Study_Center" title="Yale Child Study Center">Yale Child Study Center</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200742–43-44">[44]</a> learning about new research on early childhood brain development and working as a research assistant on the seminal work, Beyond the Best Interests of the Child (1973).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200775-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> She also took on cases of child abuse at <a href="/wiki/Yale%E2%80%93New_Haven_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale–New Haven Hospital">Yale–New Haven Hospital</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200775-45">[45]</a> and volunteered at New Haven Legal Services to provide free legal advice for the poor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200742–43-44">[44]</a> In the summer of 1970, she was awarded a grant to work at <a href="/wiki/Marian_Wright_Edelman" title="Marian Wright Edelman">Marian Wright Edelman</a>'s Washington Research Project, where she was assigned to Senator <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Subcommittee_on_Migratory_Labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcommittee on Migratory Labor">Subcommittee on Migratory Labor</a>. There she researched various <a href="/wiki/Migrant_worker" title="Migrant worker">migrant workers</a>' issues including education, health and housing.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Edelman later became a significant mentor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200771–74-48">[48]</a> Rodham was recruited by political advisor <a href="/wiki/Anne_Wexler" title="Anne Wexler">Anne Wexler</a> to work on the 1970 campaign of Connecticut U.S. Senate candidate <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Duffey" title="Joseph Duffey">Joseph Duffey</a>. Rodham later crediting Wexler with providing her first job in politics.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In the spring of 1971, she began dating fellow law student <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a>. During the summer, she interned at the <a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland, California</a>, law firm of <a href="/wiki/Treuhaft,_Walker_and_Burnstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Treuhaft, Walker and Burnstein">Treuhaft, Walker and Burnstein</a>. The firm was well known for its support of <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_right" title="Constitutional right">constitutional rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">civil liberties</a> and <a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">radical causes</a> (two of its four partners were current or former <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party members</a>);<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200782–83-50">[50]</a> Rodham worked on child custody and other cases.<a href="#cite_note-54">[a]</a> Clinton canceled his original summer plans and moved to live with her in California;<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> the couple continued <a href="/wiki/Cohabitating" class="mw-redirect" title="Cohabitating">living together</a> in New Haven when they returned to law school.<a href="#cite_note-nys-rad-51">[51]</a> The following summer, <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election_in_Texas#McGovern_campaign" title="1972 United States presidential election in Texas">Rodham and Clinton campaigned in Texas</a> for unsuccessful <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern_1972_presidential_campaign" title="George McGovern 1972 presidential campaign">1972 Democratic presidential candidate</a> <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200748–49-56">[55]</a> She received a <a href="/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor">Juris Doctor</a> degree from Yale in 1973,<a href="#cite_note-nyt-bio-34">[34]</a> having stayed on an extra year to be with Clinton.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200789-57">[56]</a> He first proposed marriage to her following graduation, but she declined, uncertain if she wanted to tie her future to his.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200789-57">[56]</a> Rodham began a year of postgraduate study on children and medicine at the Yale Child Study Center.<a href="#cite_note-nfll-58">[57]</a> In late 1973, her first scholarly article, "Children Under the Law", was published in the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Educational_Review" title="Harvard Educational Review">Harvard Educational Review</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> Discussing the new <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_rights_movement" title="Children's rights movement">children's rights movement</a>, the article stated that "child citizens" were "powerless individuals"<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> and argued that children should not be considered equally <a href="/wiki/Competence_(law)" title="Competence (law)">incompetent</a> from birth to attaining legal age, but instead that courts should presume competence on a case-by-case basis, except when there is evidence otherwise.<a href="#cite_note-nyt082492-61">[60]</a> The article became frequently cited in the field.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage,_family,_legal_career_and_first_ladyship_of_Arkansas">Marriage, family, legal career and first ladyship of Arkansas</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenures_as_First_Lady_of_Arkansas" title="Hillary Clinton's tenures as First Lady of Arkansas">Hillary Clinton's tenures as First Lady of Arkansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legal_career_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Legal career of Hillary Clinton">Legal career of Hillary Clinton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_career_in_corporate_governance" title="Hillary Clinton's career in corporate governance">Hillary Clinton's career in corporate governance</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_the_East_Coast_to_Arkansas">From the East Coast to Arkansas</h3></div> During her postgraduate studies, Rodham was staff attorney for Edelman's newly founded <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Defense_Fund" title="Children's Defense Fund">Children's Defense Fund</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200791–92-63">[62]</a> and as a consultant to the Carnegie Council on Children.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> In 1974, she was a member of the impeachment inquiry staff in Washington, D.C., and advised the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_the_Judiciary" title="United States House Committee on the Judiciary">House Committee on the Judiciary</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate scandal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200794–96,_101–03-65">[64]</a> The committee's work culminated with the resignation of President Richard Nixon in August 1974.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200794–96,_101–03-65">[64]</a> By then, Rodham was viewed as someone with a bright political future. Democratic political organizer and consultant <a href="/wiki/Betsey_Wright" title="Betsey Wright">Betsey Wright</a> moved from Texas to Washington the previous year to help guide Rodham's career.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200762-66">[65]</a> Wright thought Rodham had the potential to become a future senator or president.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaraniss1995277-67">[66]</a> Meanwhile, boyfriend Bill Clinton had repeatedly asked Rodham to marry him, but she continued to demur.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200790,_120-68">[67]</a> After failing the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a> <a href="/wiki/Multistate_Performance_Test" class="mw-redirect" title="Multistate Performance Test">bar exam</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> and passing the Arkansas exam, Rodham came to a key decision. As she later wrote, "I chose to follow my heart instead of my head".<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> She thus followed Clinton to Arkansas, rather than staying in Washington, where career prospects were brighter. He was then teaching law and running for a seat in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> in his home state. In August 1974, Rodham moved to <a href="/wiki/Fayetteville,_Arkansas" title="Fayetteville, Arkansas">Fayetteville, Arkansas</a>, and became one of only two female faculty members at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arkansas_School_of_Law" title="University of Arkansas School of Law">University of Arkansas School of Law</a> in Fayetteville, Arkansas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200792-71">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Arkansas_years">Early Arkansas years</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HillaryRodhamBillClintonLittleRockHouse1adjusted.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A small, one-story brick-faced house with a small yard in front" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/HillaryRodhamBillClintonLittleRockHouse1adjusted.jpg/220px-HillaryRodhamBillClintonLittleRockHouse1adjusted.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/HillaryRodhamBillClintonLittleRockHouse1adjusted.jpg/330px-HillaryRodhamBillClintonLittleRockHouse1adjusted.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/HillaryRodhamBillClintonLittleRockHouse1adjusted.jpg/440px-HillaryRodhamBillClintonLittleRockHouse1adjusted.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="1246" /></a><figcaption>Hillary and <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> lived in this house in the <a href="/wiki/Hillcrest_(Little_Rock)" title="Hillcrest (Little Rock)">Hillcrest neighborhood</a> of <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Little Rock">Little Rock</a> while he was <a href="/wiki/Attorney_general_of_Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney general of Arkansas">Attorney general of Arkansas</a> from 1977 to 1979.<a href="#cite_note-73">[72]</a></figcaption></figure> Rodham became the first director of a new <a href="/wiki/Legal_aid" title="Legal aid">legal aid</a> clinic at the University of Arkansas School of Law.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007126–27-74">[73]</a> During her time in Fayetteville, Rodham and several other women founded the city's first rape crisis center.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007126–27-74">[73]</a> In 1974, Bill Clinton lost an Arkansas congressional race, facing incumbent Republican <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Hammerschmidt" title="John Paul Hammerschmidt">John Paul Hammerschmidt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200757-75">[74]</a> Rodham and Bill Clinton bought a house in Fayetteville in the summer of 1975 and she agreed to marry him.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007120-76">[75]</a> The wedding took place on October 11, 1975, in a Methodist ceremony in their living room.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaraniss1995121–22-77">[76]</a> A story about the marriage in the <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Gazette" title="Arkansas Gazette">Arkansas Gazette</a> indicated that she decided to retain the name Hillary Rodham.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaraniss1995121–22-77">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-pol-edu-83-78">[77]</a> Her motivation was threefold. She wanted to keep the couple's professional lives separate, avoid apparent conflicts of interest, and as she told a friend at the time, "it showed that I was still me".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007157-79">[78]</a> The decision upset both mothers, who were more traditional.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> In 1976, Rodham temporarily relocated to <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a> to <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election_in_Indiana#Hillary_Clinton’s_role_in_the_Carter_campaign" title="1976 United States presidential election in Indiana">work as an Indiana state campaign organizer</a> for the presidential campaign of <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> In November 1976, Bill Clinton was elected <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_attorney_general" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkansas attorney general">Arkansas attorney general</a>, and the couple moved to the state capital of <a href="/wiki/Little_Rock,_Arkansas" title="Little Rock, Arkansas">Little Rock</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200757-75">[74]</a> In February 1977, Rodham joined the venerable <a href="/wiki/Rose_Law_Firm" title="Rose Law Firm">Rose Law Firm</a>, a bastion of Arkansan political and economic influence.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> She specialized in <a href="/wiki/Patent_infringement" title="Patent infringement">patent infringement</a> and intellectual property law<a href="#cite_note-arkhc-43">[43]</a> while working <a href="/wiki/Pro_bono" title="Pro bono">pro bono</a> in child advocacy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007133-84">[83]</a> In 1977, Rodham cofounded <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Advocates_for_Children_and_Families" title="Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families">Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families</a>, a state-level alliance with the Children's Defense Fund.<a href="#cite_note-arkhc-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007154-85">[84]</a> Later in 1977, President Jimmy Carter (for whom Rodham had been the 1976 campaign director of field operations in Indiana)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007125-86">[85]</a> appointed her to the board of directors of the <a href="/wiki/Legal_Services_Corporation" title="Legal Services Corporation">Legal Services Corporation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> She held that position from 1978 until the end of 1981.<a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> From mid-1978 to mid-1980,<a href="#cite_note-89">[b]</a> she served as the first female chair of that board.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> Following her husband's November 1978 election as <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Arkansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Arkansas">governor of Arkansas</a>, Rodham became that state's first lady in January 1979. She would hold that title for twelve nonconsecutive years (1979–1981, 1983–1992). Clinton appointed his wife to be the chair of the Rural Health Advisory Committee the same year,<a href="#cite_note-nyt012093mk-91">[89]</a> in which role she secured federal funds to expand medical facilities in Arkansas's poorest areas without affecting doctors' fees.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007147-92">[90]</a> In 1979, Rodham became the first woman to be made a full partner in Rose Law Firm.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200760-93">[91]</a> From 1978 until they entered the White House, she had a higher salary than her husband.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007130-94">[92]</a> During 1978 and 1979, while looking to supplement their income, Rodham engaged in the trading of <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Rodham_cattle_futures_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillary Rodham cattle futures controversy">cattle futures contracts</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200766–67-95">[93]</a> an initial $1,000 investment generated nearly $100,000 when she stopped trading after ten months.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200773–76-96">[94]</a> At this time, the couple began their ill-fated investment in the <a href="/wiki/Whitewater_Development_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitewater Development Corporation">Whitewater Development Corporation</a> real estate venture with <a href="/wiki/Jim_McDougal" title="Jim McDougal">Jim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susan_McDougal" title="Susan McDougal">Susan McDougal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200766–67-95">[93]</a> Both of these became <a href="#Scandals_and_investigations">subjects of controversy in the 1990s</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200772–73-97">[95]</a> On February 27, 1980, Rodham gave birth to the couple's only child, a daughter whom they named <a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Clinton" title="Chelsea Clinton">Chelsea</a>. In November 1980, Bill Clinton was <a href="/wiki/1980_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1980 Arkansas gubernatorial election">defeated in his bid for re-election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007159–160-98">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_Arkansas_years">Later Arkansas years</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_with_Bill_Clinton_and_Hillary_Clinton_walking_in_the_Cross_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Clintons and the Reagans walking a red carpet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_with_Bill_Clinton_and_Hillary_Clinton_walking_in_the_Cross_Hall.jpg/220px-President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_with_Bill_Clinton_and_Hillary_Clinton_walking_in_the_Cross_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_with_Bill_Clinton_and_Hillary_Clinton_walking_in_the_Cross_Hall.jpg/330px-President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_with_Bill_Clinton_and_Hillary_Clinton_walking_in_the_Cross_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_with_Bill_Clinton_and_Hillary_Clinton_walking_in_the_Cross_Hall.jpg/440px-President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Nancy_Reagan_with_Bill_Clinton_and_Hillary_Clinton_walking_in_the_Cross_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2637" /></a><figcaption>The Clintons with <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan">Nancy Reagan</a> in 1987</figcaption></figure> Two years after leaving office, Bill Clinton returned to the governorship of Arkansas after winning <a href="/wiki/1982_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Arkansas gubernatorial election">the election of 1982</a>. During her husband's campaign, Hillary began to use the name "Hillary Clinton", or sometimes "Mrs. Bill Clinton", to assuage the concerns of Arkansas voters; she also took a <a href="/wiki/Leave_of_absence" title="Leave of absence">leave of absence</a> from Rose Law to campaign for him full-time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007166-99">[97]</a> During her second stint as the first lady of Arkansas, she made a point of using Hillary Rodham Clinton as her name.<a href="#cite_note-ex04-105">[c]</a> Clinton became involved in state education policy. She was named chair of the Arkansas Education Standards Committee in 1983, where worked to reform the state's public education system.<a href="#cite_note-bernstein-170-106">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> In one of the Clinton governorship's most important initiatives, she fought a prolonged but ultimately successful battle against the <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Education_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkansas Education Association">Arkansas Education Association</a> to establish mandatory teacher testing and state standards for curriculum and classroom size.<a href="#cite_note-nyt012093mk-91">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-bernstein-170-106">[103]</a> In 1985, she introduced Arkansas's Home Instruction Program for Preschool Youth, a program that helps parents work with their children in preschool preparedness and literacy.<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> Clinton continued to practice law with the Rose Law Firm while she was the first lady of Arkansas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200763-109">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt022694-110">[107]</a> The firm considered her a "<a href="/wiki/Rainmaker_(business)" title="Rainmaker (business)">rainmaker</a>" because she brought in clients, partly thanks to the prestige she lent it and to her corporate board connections. She was also very influential in the appointment of state judges.<a href="#cite_note-nyt022694-110">[107]</a> Bill Clinton's Republican opponent in his 1986 gubernatorial reelection campaign accused the Clintons of conflict of interest because Rose Law did state business; the Clintons countered the charge by saying that state fees were walled off by the firm before her profits were calculated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200780–81-111">[108]</a> Clinton was twice named by <a href="/wiki/The_National_Law_Journal" title="The National Law Journal">The National Law Journal</a> as one of the 100 most influential lawyers in America—in 1988 and 1991.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200787–88-112">[109]</a> When Bill Clinton thought about not running again for governor in 1990, Hillary Clinton considered running. Private polls were unfavorable, however, and in the end he ran and was reelected for the final time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007187–89GerthVan_Natta200785-113">[110]</a> From 1982 to 1988, Clinton was on the board of directors, sometimes as chair, of the <a href="/wiki/New_World_Foundation" title="New World Foundation">New World Foundation</a>,<a href="#cite_note-114">[111]</a> which funded a variety of <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> <a href="/wiki/Interest_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Interest group">interest groups</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> Clinton was chairman of the board of the Children's Defense Fund<a href="#cite_note-Whitehouse.gov-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a> and on the board of the <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Arkansas Children's Hospital">Arkansas Children's Hospital</a>'s Legal Services (1988–92).<a href="#cite_note-findlaw-117">[114]</a> In addition to her positions with nonprofit organizations, she also held positions on the corporate board of directors of <a href="/wiki/TCBY" title="TCBY">TCBY</a> (1985–92),<a href="#cite_note-118">[115]</a> <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Wal-Mart Stores</a> (1986–92)<a href="#cite_note-vv052400-119">[116]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lafarge_(company)" title="Lafarge (company)">Lafarge</a> (1990–92).<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a> TCBY and Wal-Mart were Arkansas-based companies that were also clients of Rose Law.<a href="#cite_note-nyt022694-110">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt052007-121">[118]</a> Clinton was the first female member on Wal-Mart's board, added following pressure on chairman <a href="/wiki/Sam_Walton" title="Sam Walton">Sam Walton</a> to name a woman to it.<a href="#cite_note-nyt052007-121">[118]</a> Once there, she pushed successfully for Wal-Mart to adopt more environmentally friendly practices. She was largely unsuccessful in her campaign for more women to be added to the company's management and was silent about the company's famously anti-labor union practices.<a href="#cite_note-vv052400-119">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt052007-121">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-abc013108-122">[119]</a> According to Dan Kaufman, awareness of this later became a factor in her loss of credibility with organized labor, helping contribute to her loss in the 2016 election, where slightly less than half of union members voted for <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bill_Clinton_1992_presidential_campaign">Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton_1992_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign">Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Clinton_1992.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Formal color portrait of a middle aged Clinton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hillary_Clinton_1992.jpg/170px-Hillary_Clinton_1992.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hillary_Clinton_1992.jpg/255px-Hillary_Clinton_1992.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Hillary_Clinton_1992.jpg/340px-Hillary_Clinton_1992.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4639" data-file-height="5831" /></a><figcaption>Clinton in 1992</figcaption></figure> Clinton received sustained national attention for the first time when her husband became a candidate for the <a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">1992 Democratic presidential nomination</a>. Before the <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="New Hampshire primary">New Hampshire primary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabloid_(newspaper_format)" title="Tabloid (newspaper format)">tabloid</a> publications printed allegations that Bill Clinton had engaged in an extramarital affair with <a href="/wiki/Gennifer_Flowers" title="Gennifer Flowers">Gennifer Flowers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> In response, the Clintons appeared together on <a href="/wiki/60_Minutes" title="60 Minutes">60 Minutes</a>, where Bill denied the affair, but acknowledged "causing pain in my marriage".<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> This joint appearance was credited with rescuing his campaign.<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a> During the campaign, Hillary made culturally disparaging remarks about <a href="/wiki/Tammy_Wynette" title="Tammy Wynette">Tammy Wynette</a>'s outlook on marriage as described in her classic song "<a href="/wiki/Stand_by_Your_Man" title="Stand by Your Man">Stand by Your Man</a>".<a href="#cite_note-131">[d]</a> Later in the campaign, she commented she could have chosen to be like women staying home and baking cookies and having teas, but wanted to pursue her career instead.<a href="#cite_note-134">[e]</a> The remarks were widely criticized, particularly by those who were, or defended, stay-at-home mothers. In retrospect, she admitted they were ill-considered. Bill said that in electing him, the nation would "get two for the price of one", referring to the prominent role his wife would assume.<a href="#cite_note-135">[130]</a> Beginning with <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Wattenberg" title="Daniel Wattenberg">Daniel Wattenberg</a>'s August 1992 <a href="/wiki/The_American_Spectator" title="The American Spectator">The American Spectator</a> article "The Lady Macbeth of Little Rock", Hillary's own past ideological and ethical record came under attack from conservatives.<a href="#cite_note-macbeth-136">[131]</a> At least twenty other articles in major publications also drew comparisons between her and <a href="/wiki/Lady_Macbeth" title="Lady Macbeth">Lady Macbeth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_Lady_of_the_United_States_(1993–2001)">First Lady of the United States (1993–2001)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenure_as_first_lady_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillary Clinton's tenure as first lady of the United States">Hillary Clinton's tenure as first lady of the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_official_White_House_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_official_White_House_portrait.jpg/213px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_official_White_House_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_official_White_House_portrait.jpg/320px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_official_White_House_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_official_White_House_portrait.jpg/427px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_official_White_House_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Hillary Clinton's official portrait as <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady</a>, 1994</figcaption></figure> When Bill Clinton <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Bill_Clinton" title="First inauguration of Bill Clinton">took office</a> as president in January 1993, Hillary Rodham Clinton became the first lady. Her press secretary reiterated she would be using that form of her name.<a href="#cite_note-ex04-105">[c]</a> She was the first in this role to have a <a href="/wiki/Postgraduate_education" title="Postgraduate education">postgraduate degree</a> and her own professional career up to the time of entering the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[133]</a> She was also the first to have an office in the <a href="/wiki/West_Wing" title="West Wing">West Wing</a> of the White House in addition to the usual first lady offices in the <a href="/wiki/East_Wing" title="East Wing">East Wing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nfll-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[134]</a> During <a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidential transition of Bill Clinton">the presidential transition</a>, she was part of the innermost circle vetting appointments to the new administration. Her choices filled at least eleven top-level positions and dozens more lower-level ones.<a href="#cite_note-140">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-vox-141">[136]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a>, Clinton was regarded as the most openly empowered presidential wife in American history.<a href="#cite_note-142">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[138]</a> Some critics called it inappropriate for the first lady to play a central role in public policy matters. Supporters pointed out that Clinton's role in policy was no different from that of other White House advisors, and that voters had been well aware she would play an active role in her husband's presidency.<a href="#cite_note-144">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_care_and_other_policy_initiatives">Health care and other policy initiatives</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_health_care_plan_of_1993" title="Clinton health care plan of 1993">Clinton health care plan of 1993</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Clinton_healthcare_presentation_53520u_(cropped1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Clinton making a presentation sitting at a table in front of a microphone" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Hillary_Clinton_healthcare_presentation_53520u_%28cropped1%29.jpg/220px-Hillary_Clinton_healthcare_presentation_53520u_%28cropped1%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Hillary_Clinton_healthcare_presentation_53520u_%28cropped1%29.jpg/330px-Hillary_Clinton_healthcare_presentation_53520u_%28cropped1%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Hillary_Clinton_healthcare_presentation_53520u_%28cropped1%29.jpg/440px-Hillary_Clinton_healthcare_presentation_53520u_%28cropped1%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3803" data-file-height="2613" /></a><figcaption>Clinton presenting her health care plan to Congress in 1993</figcaption></figure> In January 1993, President Clinton named Hillary to chair a <a href="/wiki/Clinton_health_care_plan_of_1993" title="Clinton health care plan of 1993">task force on National Health Care Reform</a>, hoping to replicate the success she had in leading the effort for Arkansas education reform.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007170–75-145">[140]</a> The recommendation of the task force became known as the <a href="/wiki/Clinton_health_care_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton health care plan">Clinton health care plan</a>. This was a comprehensive proposal that would require employers to provide health coverage to their employees through individual <a href="/wiki/Health_maintenance_organization" title="Health maintenance organization">health maintenance organizations</a>. Its opponents quickly derided the plan as "Hillarycare" and it even faced opposition from some Democrats in Congress.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007287–89,_400–02GerthVan_Natta2007139–40-146">[141]</a> Failing to gather enough support for a floor vote in either the House or the Senate (although Democrats controlled both chambers), the proposal was abandoned in September 1994.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007287–89,_400–02-147">[142]</a> Clinton later acknowledged in her memoir that her political inexperience partly contributed to the defeat but cited many other factors. The first lady's approval ratings, which had generally been in the high-50 percent range during her first year, fell to 44 percent in April 1994 and 35 percent by September 1994.<a href="#cite_note-148">[143]</a> The Republican Party negatively highlighted the Clinton health care plan in their campaign for the <a href="/wiki/1994_United_States_elections" title="1994 United States elections">1994 midterm elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[144]</a> The Republican Party saw strong success in the midterms, and many analysts and pollsters found the healthcare plan to be a major factor in the Democrats' defeat, especially among <a href="/wiki/Independent_(voter)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (voter)">independent</a> voters.<a href="#cite_note-150">[145]</a> After this, the White House subsequently sought to downplay Clinton's role in shaping policy.<a href="#cite_note-151">[146]</a> Along with senators <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">Ted Kennedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Orrin Hatch</a>, Clinton was a force behind the passage of the <a href="/wiki/State_Children%27s_Health_Insurance_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="State Children's Health Insurance Program">State Children's Health Insurance Program</a> in 1997, which gave state support to children whose parents could not provide them health coverage. She participated in campaigns to promote the enrollment of children in the program after it took effect.<a href="#cite_note-152">[147]</a> Enactment of <a href="/wiki/Welfare_reform" title="Welfare reform">welfare reform</a> was a major goal of Bill Clinton's presidency. When the first two bills on the issue came from a Republican-controlled Congress lacking protections for people coming off welfare, Hillary urged her husband to veto the bills, which he did.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007461–65-153">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-041108-154">[149]</a> A third version came up during his 1996 general election campaign that restored some of the protections but cut the scope of benefits in other areas. While Clinton was urged to persuade the president to similarly veto the bill,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007461–65-153">[148]</a> she decided to support the bill, which became the <a href="/wiki/Welfare_Reform_Act_of_1996" class="mw-redirect" title="Welfare Reform Act of 1996">Welfare Reform Act of 1996</a>, as the best political compromise available.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007461–65-153">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-041108-154">[149]</a> Together with <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a>, Clinton helped create the <a href="/wiki/Office_on_Violence_Against_Women" title="Office on Violence Against Women">Office on Violence Against Women</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Department of Justice</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nfll-58">[57]</a> In 1997, she initiated and shepherded the <a href="/wiki/Adoption_and_Safe_Families_Act" title="Adoption and Safe Families Act">Adoption and Safe Families Act</a>, which she regarded as her greatest accomplishment as the first lady.<a href="#cite_note-nfll-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt102900c-155">[150]</a> In 1999, she was instrumental in the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Foster_Care_Independence_Act" title="Foster Care Independence Act">Foster Care Independence Act</a>, which doubled federal monies for teenagers <a href="/wiki/Aging_out" title="Aging out">aging out</a> of <a href="/wiki/Foster_care" title="Foster care">foster care</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt102900c-155">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_diplomacy_and_promotion_of_women's_rights">International diplomacy and promotion of women's rights</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/First_Lady_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%27s_Remarks_to_the_Fourth_Women%27s_Conference_in_Beijing%2C_China.webm/220px--First_Lady_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%27s_Remarks_to_the_Fourth_Women%27s_Conference_in_Beijing%2C_China.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="161" data-durationhint="1220" data-mwtitle="First_Lady_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton's_Remarks_to_the_Fourth_Women's_Conference_in_Beijing,_China.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:First_Lady_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%27s_Remarks_to_the_Fourth_Women%27s_Conference_in_Beijing,_China.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/First_Lady_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%27s_Remarks_to_the_Fourth_Women%27s_Conference_in_Beijing%2C_China.webm/First_Lady_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%27s_Remarks_to_the_Fourth_Women%27s_Conference_in_Beijing%2C_China.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="654" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/First_Lady_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%27s_Remarks_to_the_Fourth_Women%27s_Conference_in_Beijing%2C_China.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="654" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/First_Lady_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%27s_Remarks_to_the_Fourth_Women%27s_Conference_in_Beijing%2C_China.webm/First_Lady_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%27s_Remarks_to_the_Fourth_Women%27s_Conference_in_Beijing%2C_China.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="196" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/First_Lady_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%27s_Remarks_to_the_Fourth_Women%27s_Conference_in_Beijing%2C_China.webm/First_Lady_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%27s_Remarks_to_the_Fourth_Women%27s_Conference_in_Beijing%2C_China.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="328" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/First_Lady_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%27s_Remarks_to_the_Fourth_Women%27s_Conference_in_Beijing%2C_China.webm/First_Lady_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%27s_Remarks_to_the_Fourth_Women%27s_Conference_in_Beijing%2C_China.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="490" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/First_Lady_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%27s_Remarks_to_the_Fourth_Women%27s_Conference_in_Beijing%2C_China.webm/First_Lady_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%27s_Remarks_to_the_Fourth_Women%27s_Conference_in_Beijing%2C_China.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="490" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Footage of Clinton's speech in its entirety. At approximately the 14:45 mark, Clinton utters the famous line, "Women's rights are human rights"</figcaption></figure> Clinton traveled to 79 countries as first lady,<a href="#cite_note-nyt122607-156">[151]</a> breaking the record for most-traveled first lady previously held by <a href="/wiki/Pat_Nixon" title="Pat Nixon">Pat Nixon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[152]</a> She did not hold a <a href="/wiki/Security_clearance" title="Security clearance">security clearance</a> or attend <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Security_Council" title="United States National Security Council">National Security Council</a> meetings, but played a role in U.S. diplomacy attaining its objectives.<a href="#cite_note-158">[153]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Rights_Are_Human_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Rights Are Human Rights">a September 1995 speech</a> before the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_World_Conference_on_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth World Conference on Women">Fourth World Conference on Women</a> in Beijing, Clinton argued forcefully against practices that abused women around the world and in the People's Republic of China itself. She declared, "it is no longer acceptable to discuss women's rights as separate from human rights".<a href="#cite_note-nyt090695-159">[154]</a> Delegates from over 180 countries heard her declare, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">If there is one message that echoes forth from this conference, let it be that human rights are women's rights and women's rights are human rights, once and for all."<a href="#cite_note-nw-doctrine-160">[155]</a></blockquote> In delivering these remarks, Clinton resisted both internal administration and Chinese pressure to soften her remarks.<a href="#cite_note-nyt122607-156">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-nw-doctrine-160">[155]</a> The speech became a key moment in the empowerment of women and years later women around the world would recite Clinton's key phrases.<a href="#cite_note-161">[156]</a> During the late 1990s, Clinton was one of the most prominent international figures to speak out against the treatment of <a href="/wiki/Taliban_treatment_of_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Taliban treatment of women">Afghan women by the Taliban</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[158]</a> She helped create <a href="/wiki/Vital_Voices" title="Vital Voices">Vital Voices</a>, an international initiative sponsored by the U.S. to encourage the participation of women in the political processes of their countries.<a href="#cite_note-164">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scandals_and_investigations">Scandals and investigations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on these investigations: <a href="/wiki/Whitewater_controversy" title="Whitewater controversy">Whitewater controversy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Travelgate" class="mw-redirect" title="Travelgate">Travelgate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filegate" class="mw-redirect" title="Filegate">Filegate</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_cattle_futures_controversy" title="Hillary Clinton cattle futures controversy">Hillary Clinton cattle futures controversy</a></div> One prominent investigation regarding Clinton was the <a href="/wiki/Whitewater_controversy" title="Whitewater controversy">Whitewater controversy</a>, which arose out of real estate investments by the Clintons and associates made in the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-nyt030892-165">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200772–73-97">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt030892-165">[160]</a> As part of this investigation, on January 26, 1996, Clinton became the first spouse of a U.S. president to be <a href="/wiki/Subpoena" title="Subpoena">subpoenaed</a> to testify before a federal <a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" title="Grand jury">grand jury</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pbs100797-166">[161]</a> After several Independent Counsels had investigated, a final report was issued in 2000 that stated there was insufficient evidence that either Clinton had engaged in criminal wrongdoing.<a href="#cite_note-nyt092100-167">[162]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Clinton_Bill_Chelsea_on_parade.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Clinton family walking and greeting the crowds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hillary_Clinton_Bill_Chelsea_on_parade.jpg/220px-Hillary_Clinton_Bill_Chelsea_on_parade.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hillary_Clinton_Bill_Chelsea_on_parade.jpg/330px-Hillary_Clinton_Bill_Chelsea_on_parade.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Hillary_Clinton_Bill_Chelsea_on_parade.jpg/440px-Hillary_Clinton_Bill_Chelsea_on_parade.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Chelsea, Bill, and Hillary Clinton walking down <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue" title="Pennsylvania Avenue">Pennsylvania Avenue</a> to start Bill's second presidential term in 1997</figcaption></figure> Another investigated scandal involving Clinton was the <a href="/wiki/White_House_travel_office_controversy" title="White House travel office controversy">White House travel office controversy</a>, often referred to as "Travelgate".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007327–28-168">[163]</a> Another scandal that arose was the <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_cattle_futures_controversy" title="Hillary Clinton cattle futures controversy">Hillary Clinton cattle futures controversy</a>, which related to cattle futures trading Clinton had made in 1978 and 1979.<a href="#cite_note-169">[164]</a> Some in the press had alleged that Clinton had engaged in a conflict of interest and disguised a bribery. Several individuals analyzed her trading records; however, no formal investigation was made and she was never charged with any wrongdoing in relation to this.<a href="#cite_note-170">[165]</a> An outgrowth of the "Travelgate" investigation was the June 1996 discovery of improper White House access to hundreds of FBI background reports on former Republican White House employees, an affair that some called "<a href="/wiki/White_House_FBI_files_controversy" title="White House FBI files controversy">Filegate</a>".<a href="#cite_note-cnn072800-171">[166]</a> Accusations were made that Clinton had requested these files and she had recommended hiring an unqualified individual to head the White House Security Office.<a href="#cite_note-172">[167]</a> The 2000 final Independent Counsel report found no substantial or credible evidence that Clinton had any role or showed any misconduct in the matter.<a href="#cite_note-cnn072800-171">[166]</a> In early 2001, a controversy arose over gifts that were sent to the White House; there was a question whether the furnishings were White House property or the Clintons' personal property. During the last year of Bill Clinton's time in office, those gifts were shipped to the Clintons' private residence.<a href="#cite_note-173">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[169]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="It_Takes_a_Village_and_other_writings">It Takes a Village and other writings</h3></div> In 1996, Clinton presented a vision for American children in the book <a href="/wiki/It_Takes_a_Village" title="It Takes a Village">It Takes a Village: And Other Lessons Children Teach Us</a>. In January 1996, she went on a ten-city book tour and made numerous television appearances to promote the book,<a href="#cite_note-175">[170]</a> although she was frequently hit with questions about her involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Whitewater_(controversy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitewater (controversy)">Whitewater</a> and <a href="/wiki/Travelgate" class="mw-redirect" title="Travelgate">Travelgate</a> controversies.<a href="#cite_note-nyt011496-176">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[172]</a> The book spent 18 weeks on the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Best_Seller_list" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times Best Seller list">New York Times Best Seller List</a> that year, including three weeks at number one.<a href="#cite_note-178">[173]</a> By 2000, it had sold 450,000 copies in hardcover and another 200,000 in paperback.<a href="#cite_note-wapo-prep-179">[174]</a> Clinton received the <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album">Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album</a> in 1997 for the book's audio recording.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007446-180">[175]</a> Other books published by Clinton when she was the first lady include <a href="/wiki/Dear_Socks,_Dear_Buddy" title="Dear Socks, Dear Buddy">Dear Socks, Dear Buddy: Kids' Letters to the First Pets</a> (1998) and <a href="/wiki/An_Invitation_to_the_White_House" title="An Invitation to the White House">An Invitation to the White House: At Home with History</a> (2000). In 2001, she wrote an afterword to the children's book <a href="/wiki/Beatrice%27s_Goat" title="Beatrice's Goat">Beatrice's Goat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Apuzzo-2005-181">[176]</a> Clinton also published a weekly <a href="/wiki/Print_syndication" title="Print syndication">syndicated</a> newspaper column titled "Talking It Over" from 1995 to 2000.<a href="#cite_note-182">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[178]</a> It focused on her experiences and those of women, children and families she met during her travels around the world.<a href="#cite_note-Whitehouse.gov-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Response_to_Lewinsky_scandal">Response to Lewinsky scandal</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Clinton%E2%80%93Lewinsky_scandal" title="Clinton–Lewinsky scandal">Clinton–Lewinsky scandal</a></div> In 1998, the Clintons' private concerns became the subject of much speculation when investigations revealed the president had engaged in an extramarital affair with 22-year-old White House intern <a href="/wiki/Monica_Lewinsky" title="Monica Lewinsky">Monica Lewinsky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[179]</a> Events surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Lewinsky_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewinsky scandal">Lewinsky scandal</a> eventually led to the <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Impeachment of Bill Clinton">impeachment</a> of the president by the House of Representatives; he was later acquitted by the Senate. When the allegations against her husband were first made public, Hillary Clinton stated that the allegations were part of a "<a href="/wiki/Vast_right-wing_conspiracy" title="Vast right-wing conspiracy">vast right-wing conspiracy</a>".<a href="#cite_note-185">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[181]</a> Clinton characterized the Lewinsky charges as the latest in a long, organized, collaborative series of charges by Bill's political enemies<a href="#cite_note-188">[f]</a> rather than any wrongdoing by her husband. She later said she had been misled by his initial claims that no affair had taken place.<a href="#cite_note-189">[183]</a> After the evidence of President Clinton's encounters with Lewinsky became incontrovertible, she issued a public statement reaffirming her commitment to their marriage. Privately, she was reported to be furious at him and was unsure if she wanted to remain in the marriage.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007512,_517–18,_521-190">[184]</a> The White House residence staff noticed a pronounced level of tension between the couple during this period.<a href="#cite_note-191">[185]</a> Public response to Clinton's handling of the matter varied. Women variously admired her strength and poise in private matters that were made public. They sympathized with her as a victim of her husband's insensitive behavior and criticized her as being an <a href="/wiki/Codependency" title="Codependency">enabler</a> to her husband's indiscretions. They also accused her of cynically staying in a failed marriage as a way of keeping or even fostering her own political influence. In the wake of the revelations, her public approval ratings shot upward to around 70 percent, the highest they had ever been.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta2007195-192">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Save_America's_Treasures_initiative">Save America's Treasures initiative</h3></div> Clinton was the founding chair of <a href="/wiki/Save_America%27s_Treasures" title="Save America's Treasures">Save America's Treasures</a>, a nationwide effort matching federal funds with private donations to preserve and restore historic items and sites.<a href="#cite_note-193">[187]</a> This included the flag that inspired "<a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">The Star-Spangled Banner</a>" and the First Ladies National Historic Site in <a href="/wiki/Canton,_Ohio" title="Canton, Ohio">Canton, Ohio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nfll-58">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traditional_duties">Traditional duties</h3></div> Clinton was the head of the <a href="/wiki/White_House_Millennium_Council" title="White House Millennium Council">White House Millennium Council</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[188]</a> and hosted Millennium Evenings,<a href="#cite_note-195">[189]</a> a series of lectures that discussed <a href="/wiki/Futures_studies" title="Futures studies">futures studies</a>, one of which became the first live simultaneous <a href="/wiki/Webcast" title="Webcast">webcast</a> from the White House.<a href="#cite_note-nfll-58">[57]</a> Clinton also created the first White House Sculpture Garden, located in the <a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Garden" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Garden">Jacqueline Kennedy Garden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-196">[190]</a> Working with Arkansas interior decorator Kaki Hockersmith over an eight-year period, Clinton oversaw extensive, privately funded redecoration efforts of the White House.<a href="#cite_note-brower-redec-197">[191]</a> Overall the redecoration received a mixed reaction.<a href="#cite_note-brower-redec-197">[191]</a> Clinton hosted many large-scale events at the White House. Examples include a state dinner for visiting Chinese dignitaries, a New Year's Eve celebration at the turn of the 21st century, and a state dinner honoring the bicentennial of the White House in November 2000.<a href="#cite_note-nfll-58">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U.S._Senate_(2001–2009)">U.S. Senate (2001–2009)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/US_Senate_career_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="US Senate career of Hillary Clinton">US Senate career of Hillary Clinton</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000_U.S._Senate_election">2000 U.S. Senate election</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="2000 United States Senate election in New York">2000 United States Senate election in New York</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Rodham_Clinton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton.jpg/220px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton.jpg/330px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton.jpg/440px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Hillary Clinton's official senate portrait</figcaption></figure> When New York's long-serving U.S. senator <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Daniel Patrick Moynihan</a> announced his retirement in November 1998, several prominent Democratic figures, including Representative <a href="/wiki/Charles_Rangel" title="Charles Rangel">Charles Rangel</a> of New York, urged Clinton to run for his open seat in the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2000 United States Senate elections">Senate election of 2000</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007530-198">[192]</a> Once she decided to run, the Clintons purchased a home in <a href="/wiki/Chappaqua,_New_York" title="Chappaqua, New York">Chappaqua, New York</a>, north of New York City, in September 1999.<a href="#cite_note-199">[193]</a> She became the first wife of the president of the United States to be a candidate for elected office.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta2007204-200">[194]</a> Initially, Clinton expected to face <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a>—the mayor of New York City—as her Republican opponent in the election. Giuliani withdrew from the race in May 2000 after being diagnosed with prostate cancer and matters related to his failing marriage became public. Clinton then faced <a href="/wiki/Rick_Lazio" title="Rick Lazio">Rick Lazio</a>, a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives who represented <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="New York's 2nd congressional district">New York's 2nd congressional district</a>. Throughout the campaign, opponents accused Clinton of <a href="/wiki/Parachute_candidate" title="Parachute candidate">carpetbagging</a>, because she had never resided in New York State or participated in the state's politics before the 2000 Senate race.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta2007200,_204-201">[195]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_de_Blasio" title="Bill de Blasio">Bill de Blasio</a> was Clinton's campaign manager. She began her drive to the U.S. Senate by visiting all 62 counties in the state, in a "listening tour" of small-group settings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta2007210-202">[196]</a> She devoted considerable time in traditionally Republican <a href="/wiki/Upstate_New_York" title="Upstate New York">Upstate New York</a> regions. Clinton vowed to improve the economic situation in those areas, promising to deliver 200,000 jobs to the state over her term. Her plan included tax credits to reward job creation and encourage business investment, especially in the high-tech sector. She called for personal tax cuts for college tuition and long-term care.<a href="#cite_note-203">[197]</a> The contest drew national attention. During a September debate, Lazio blundered when he seemed to invade Clinton's <a href="/wiki/Personal_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal space">personal space</a> by trying to get her to sign a fundraising agreement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta2007212–13-204">[198]</a> Their campaigns, along with Giuliani's initial effort, spent a record combined $90 million.<a href="#cite_note-nyt121300-205">[199]</a> Clinton won the election on November 7, 2000, with 55 percent of the vote to Lazio's 43 percent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta2007212–13-204">[198]</a> She was sworn in as U.S. senator on January 3, 2001, and as <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> was still 17 days away from being inaugurated as president after winning the 2000 presidential election, that meant from January 3–20, she simultaneously held the titles of First Lady and Senator – a first in U.S. history.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein20076-206">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_term">First term</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ClintonSenate_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Al Gore administering Hillary Clinton's oath of office as Bill and Chelsea look on" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ClintonSenate_%281%29.jpg/170px-ClintonSenate_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/ClintonSenate_%281%29.jpg/255px-ClintonSenate_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/ClintonSenate_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="325" /></a><figcaption>2001 reenactment of Hillary Clinton's swearing-in as a U.S. senator by vice president <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></figcaption></figure> Because Bill Clinton's term as president did not end until 17 days after she was sworn in, upon entering the Senate, Clinton became the first and so far only first lady to serve as a senator and first lady concurrently. Clinton maintained a low public profile and built relationships with senators from both parties when she started her term.<a href="#cite_note-207">[201]</a> She forged alliances with religiously inclined senators by becoming a regular participant in the Senate Prayer Breakfast.<a href="#cite_note-mj0907-208">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007548-209">[203]</a> She sat on five Senate committees: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_the_Budget" title="United States Senate Committee on the Budget">Committee on Budget</a> (2001–02),<a href="#cite_note-umich-210">[204]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Committee on Armed Services</a> (2003–09),<a href="#cite_note-hwar-211">[205]</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Environment_and_Public_Works" title="United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works">Committee on Environment and Public Works</a> (2001–09), <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Health,_Education,_Labor_and_Pensions" title="United States Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions">Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions</a> (2001–09)<a href="#cite_note-umich-210">[204]</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Special_Committee_on_Aging" title="United States Senate Special Committee on Aging">Special Committee on Aging</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hccom-212">[206]</a> She was also a member of the <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Security_and_Cooperation_in_Europe" title="Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe">Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[207]</a> (2001–09).<a href="#cite_note-214">[208]</a> Following the September 11 <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">terrorist attacks</a>, Clinton sought to obtain funding for the recovery efforts in New York City and security improvements in her state. Working with New York's senior senator, <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a>, she was instrumental in securing $21 billion in funding for the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_site" title="World Trade Center site">World Trade Center site</a>'s redevelopment.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007548GerthVan_Natta2007231–32-215">[209]</a> She subsequently took a leading role in investigating the <a href="/wiki/Health_effects_arising_from_the_September_11_attacks" title="Health effects arising from the September 11 attacks">health issues faced by 9/11 first responders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta2007238–39-216">[210]</a> Clinton voted for the <a href="/wiki/USA_Patriot_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="USA Patriot Act">USA Patriot Act</a> in October 2001. In 2005, when the act was up for renewal, she expressed concerns with the USA Patriot Act Reauthorization Conference Report regarding civil liberties.<a href="#cite_note-217">[211]</a> In March 2006, she voted in favor of the <a href="/wiki/USA_PATRIOT_Improvement_and_Reauthorization_Act_of_2005" class="mw-redirect" title="USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005">USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005</a> that had gained large majority support.<a href="#cite_note-218">[212]</a> Clinton strongly supported the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–present)">2001 U.S. military action in Afghanistan</a>, saying it was a chance to combat terrorism while improving the lives of Afghan women who suffered under the Taliban government.<a href="#cite_note-219">[213]</a> Clinton voted in favor of the October 2002 <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_Resolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraq War Resolution">Iraq War Resolution</a>, which authorized President George W. Bush to use military force against Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-balz-76-220">[214]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> began, Clinton made trips to Iraq and Afghanistan to visit American troops stationed there. On a visit to Iraq in February 2005, Clinton noted that the insurgency had failed to disrupt the democratic elections held earlier and that parts of the country were functioning well.<a href="#cite_note-221">[215]</a> Observing that war deployments were draining regular and reserve forces, she co-introduced legislation to increase the size of the regular <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army">U.S. Army</a> by 80,000 soldiers to ease the strain.<a href="#cite_note-222">[216]</a> In late 2005, Clinton said that while immediate withdrawal from Iraq would be a mistake, Bush's pledge to stay "until the job is done" was also misguided, as it gave Iraqis "an open-ended invitation not to take care of themselves".<a href="#cite_note-223">[217]</a> Her stance caused frustration among those in the Democratic Party who favored quick withdrawal.<a href="#cite_note-224">[218]</a> Clinton supported retaining and improving health benefits for reservists and lobbied against the closure of several military bases, especially those in New York.<a href="#cite_note-225">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-landler-nytm-226">[220]</a> She used her position on the Armed Services Committee to forge close relationships with a number of high-ranking military officers.<a href="#cite_note-landler-nytm-226">[220]</a> By 2014 and 2015 Clinton had fully reversed herself on the Iraq War Resolution, saying she "got it wrong" and the vote in support had been a "mistake".<a href="#cite_note-227">[221]</a> Clinton voted against President Bush's two major tax cut packages, the <a href="/wiki/Economic_Growth_and_Tax_Relief_Reconciliation_Act_of_2001" title="Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001">Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jobs_and_Growth_Tax_Relief_Reconciliation_Act_of_2003" title="Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003">Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pvs-hrc-228">[222]</a> In 2003, Simon & Schuster released her memoir <a href="/wiki/Living_History_(book)" title="Living History (book)">Living History</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007544-229">[223]</a> The book set a first-week sales record for a nonfiction work,<a href="#cite_note-Donahue2003-230">[224]</a> went on to sell more than one million copies in the first month following publication,<a href="#cite_note-Clinton-2003-231">[225]</a> and was translated into twelve foreign languages.<a href="#cite_note-Clinton_Presidential_Center-2009-232">[226]</a> Clinton's audio recording of the book earned her a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-2004-233">[227]</a> Clinton voted against the 2005 confirmation of <a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a> as <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">chief justice of the United States</a> and the 2006 confirmation of <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Samuel Alito</a> to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court">U.S. Supreme Court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filibuster" title="Filibuster">filibustering</a> the latter.<a href="#cite_note-234">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[229]</a> In 2005, Clinton called for the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> to investigate how <a href="/wiki/Hot_Coffee_mod" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot Coffee mod">hidden sex scenes</a> showed up in the controversial video game <a href="/wiki/Grand_Theft_Auto:_San_Andreas" title="Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas">Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-236">[230]</a> Along with senators <a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Joe Lieberman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evan_Bayh" title="Evan Bayh">Evan Bayh</a>, she introduced the <a href="/wiki/Family_Entertainment_Protection_Act" title="Family Entertainment Protection Act">Family Entertainment Protection Act</a>, intended to protect children from inappropriate content found in video games. In 2004 and 2006, Clinton voted against the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Marriage_Amendment" title="Federal Marriage Amendment">Federal Marriage Amendment</a> that sought to prohibit same-sex marriage.<a href="#cite_note-pvs-hrc-228">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-237">[231]</a> Looking to establish a "progressive infrastructure" to rival that of <a href="/wiki/American_conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="American conservatism">American conservatism</a>, Clinton played a formative role in conversations that led to the 2003 founding of former Clinton administration chief of staff <a href="/wiki/John_Podesta" title="John Podesta">John Podesta</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Center_for_American_Progress" title="Center for American Progress">Center for American Progress</a>, shared aides with <a href="/wiki/Citizens_for_Responsibility_and_Ethics_in_Washington" title="Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington">Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington</a>, founded in 2003 and advised the Clintons' former antagonist <a href="/wiki/David_Brock" title="David Brock">David Brock</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Media_Matters_for_America" title="Media Matters for America">Media Matters for America</a>, created in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta2007267–69,_313,_401-238">[232]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2004 United States Senate elections">2004 Senate elections</a>, she successfully pushed new Democratic Senate leader <a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Harry Reid</a> to create a Senate <a href="/wiki/War_room" class="mw-redirect" title="War room">war room</a> to handle daily political messaging.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta2007267–69-239">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006_reelection_campaign">2006 reelection campaign</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="2006 United States Senate election in New York">2006 United States Senate election in New York</a></div> In November 2004, Clinton announced she would seek a second Senate term. She easily won the Democratic nomination over opposition from antiwar activist <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Tasini" title="Jonathan Tasini">Jonathan Tasini</a>.<a href="#cite_note-240">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[235]</a> The early frontrunner for the Republican nomination, <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester County</a> <a href="/wiki/District_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="District Attorney">District Attorney</a> <a href="/wiki/Jeanine_Pirro" title="Jeanine Pirro">Jeanine Pirro</a>, withdrew from the contest after several months of poor campaign performance.<a href="#cite_note-242">[236]</a> Clinton's eventual opponent in the general election was Republican candidate <a href="/wiki/John_Spencer_(mayor)" title="John Spencer (mayor)">John Spencer</a>, a former mayor of <a href="/wiki/Yonkers,_New_York" title="Yonkers, New York">Yonkers</a>. Clinton won the election on November 7, 2006, with 67 percent of the vote to Spencer's 31 percent,<a href="#cite_note-243">[237]</a> carrying all but four of New York's sixty-two counties.<a href="#cite_note-244">[238]</a> Her campaign spent $36 million for her reelection, more than any other candidate for Senate in the 2006 elections. Some Democrats criticized her for spending too much in a one-sided contest, while some supporters were concerned she did not leave more funds for a potential presidential bid in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-245">[239]</a> In the following months, she transferred $10 million of her Senate funds toward her presidential campaign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalzJohnson200991-246">[240]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_term">Second term</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Clinton_at_the_Senate_Armed_Services_Committee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Clinton listens as the Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Michael Mullen, responds to a question during his 2007 confirmation hearing with the Senate Armed Services Committee. She is in the background, sitting behind a desk with a placard bearing the words "MRS CLINTON", and is wearing a blue suit. A man wearing a black suit sits behind Clinton, taking notes." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Hillary_Clinton_at_the_Senate_Armed_Services_Committee.jpg/220px-Hillary_Clinton_at_the_Senate_Armed_Services_Committee.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Hillary_Clinton_at_the_Senate_Armed_Services_Committee.jpg/330px-Hillary_Clinton_at_the_Senate_Armed_Services_Committee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Hillary_Clinton_at_the_Senate_Armed_Services_Committee.jpg/440px-Hillary_Clinton_at_the_Senate_Armed_Services_Committee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1660" /></a><figcaption>Clinton listens as the <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Naval_Operations" title="Chief of Naval Operations">chief of naval operations</a>, Admiral <a href="/wiki/Michael_Mullen" title="Michael Mullen">Michael Mullen</a>, responds to a question during his 2007 confirmation hearing with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Armed_Services" title="United States Senate Committee on Armed Services">Senate Armed Services Committee</a>.</figcaption></figure> Clinton opposed the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007" title="Iraq War troop surge of 2007">Iraq War troop surge of 2007</a>, for both military and domestic political reasons (by the following year, she was privately acknowledging the surge had been successful).<a href="#cite_note-248">[g]</a> In March of that year, she voted in favor of a war-spending bill that required President Bush to begin withdrawing troops from Iraq by a deadline; it passed almost completely along party lines<a href="#cite_note-249">[242]</a> but was subsequently vetoed by Bush. In May, a compromise war funding bill that removed withdrawal deadlines but tied funding to progress benchmarks for the Iraqi government passed the Senate by a vote of 80–14 and would be signed by Bush; Clinton was one of those who voted against it.<a href="#cite_note-250">[243]</a> She responded to General <a href="/wiki/David_Petraeus" title="David Petraeus">David Petraeus</a>'s September 2007 <a href="/wiki/Report_to_Congress_on_the_Situation_in_Iraq" title="Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq">Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq</a> by saying, "I think that the reports that you provide to us really require a willing suspension of disbelief."<a href="#cite_note-251">[244]</a> In March 2007, in response to the <a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys_controversy" title="Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy">dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy</a>, Clinton called on Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Gonzales" title="Alberto Gonzales">Alberto Gonzales</a> to resign.<a href="#cite_note-252">[245]</a> Regarding the high-profile, hotly debated immigration reform bill known as the <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Immigration_Reform_Act_of_2007" title="Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007">Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007</a>, Clinton cast several votes in support of the bill, which eventually failed to gain <a href="/wiki/Cloture" title="Cloture">cloture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-253">[246]</a> As the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–08">financial crisis of 2007–08</a> reached a peak with the liquidity crisis of September 2008, Clinton supported the <a href="/wiki/Proposed_bailout_of_the_U.S._financial_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposed bailout of the U.S. financial system">proposed bailout of the U.S. financial system</a>, voting in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Public_Law_110-343" title="Public Law 110-343">$700 billion law that created</a> the <a href="/wiki/Troubled_Asset_Relief_Program" title="Troubled Asset Relief Program">Troubled Asset Relief Program</a>, saying it represented the interests of the American people. It passed the Senate 74–25.<a href="#cite_note-ny1-tarp-254">[247]</a> In 2007, Clinton and Virginia senator <a href="/wiki/Jim_Webb" title="Jim Webb">Jim Webb</a> called for an investigation into whether the body armor issued to soldiers in Iraq was adequate.<a href="#cite_note-255">[248]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2008_presidential_campaign">2008 presidential campaign</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign">Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_primary_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential primary campaign">Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential primary campaign</a></div> Clinton had been preparing for a potential candidacy for U.S. president since at least early 2003.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007550–52-256">[249]</a> On January 20, 2007, she announced via her website the formation of a presidential <a href="/wiki/Exploratory_committee" title="Exploratory committee">exploratory committee</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">United States presidential election of 2008</a>, stating: "I'm in and I'm in to win."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta20075-257">[250]</a> No woman had ever been nominated by a major party for the presidency, and no first lady had ever run for president. When Bill Clinton became president in 1993, a <a href="/wiki/Blind_trust" title="Blind trust">blind trust</a> was established; in April 2007, the Clintons liquidated the blind trust to avoid the possibility of ethical conflicts or political embarrassments as Hillary undertook her presidential race. Later disclosure statements revealed the couple's worth was now upwards of $50 million.<a href="#cite_note-msn090407-258">[251]</a> They had earned over $100 million since 2000—most of it coming from Bill's books, speaking engagements and other activities.<a href="#cite_note-259">[252]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Clinton_Speaks_to_College_Democrats.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Clinton speaking at a lectern to the College Democrats" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hillary_Clinton_Speaks_to_College_Democrats.jpg/220px-Hillary_Clinton_Speaks_to_College_Democrats.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hillary_Clinton_Speaks_to_College_Democrats.jpg/330px-Hillary_Clinton_Speaks_to_College_Democrats.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hillary_Clinton_Speaks_to_College_Democrats.jpg/440px-Hillary_Clinton_Speaks_to_College_Democrats.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Clinton at the 2007 CDA National Convention</figcaption></figure> Throughout the first half of 2007, Clinton led candidates competing for the Democratic presidential nomination in <a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_Democratic_Party_2008_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the Democratic Party 2008 presidential primaries">opinion polls for the election</a>. Senator Barack Obama of Illinois and former senator <a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a> of North Carolina were her strongest competitors.<a href="#cite_note-balz-76-220">[214]</a> The biggest threat to her campaign was her past support of the Iraq War, which Obama had opposed from the beginning.<a href="#cite_note-balz-76-220">[214]</a> Clinton and Obama both set records for early fundraising, swapping the money lead each quarter.<a href="#cite_note-260">[253]</a> At the end of October, Clinton fared <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_primary_campaign#Debate_performance_in_Philadelphia" title="Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential primary campaign">poorly in her debate performance</a> against Obama, Edwards, and her other opponents.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalzJohnson200995–99-261">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[255]</a> Obama's message of change began to resonate with the Democratic electorate better than Clinton's message of experience.<a href="#cite_note-time5mis-263">[256]</a> In the first vote of 2008, she placed third in the January 3 <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Democratic_caucuses,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa Democratic caucuses, 2008">Iowa Democratic caucus</a> behind Obama and Edwards.<a href="#cite_note-264">[257]</a> Obama gained ground in national polling in the next few days, with all polls predicting a victory for him in the <a href="/wiki/2008_New_Hampshire_Democratic_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 New Hampshire Democratic primary">New Hampshire primary</a>.<a href="#cite_note-265">[258]</a> Clinton gained a surprise win there on January 8, narrowly defeating Obama.<a href="#cite_note-266">[259]</a> It was the first time a woman had won a major American party's presidential primary for the purposes of delegate selection.<a href="#cite_note-cawp-firsts-267">[260]</a> Explanations for Clinton's New Hampshire comeback varied but often centered on her being seen more sympathetically, especially by women, after her eyes welled with tears and her voice broke while responding to a voter's question the day before the election.<a href="#cite_note-268">[261]</a> The nature of the contest fractured in the next few days. Several remarks by Bill Clinton and other surrogates,<a href="#cite_note-cbs012608-269">[262]</a> and a remark by Hillary Clinton concerning Martin Luther King Jr. and <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a>,<a href="#cite_note-271">[h]</a> were perceived by many as, accidentally or intentionally, limiting Obama as a racially oriented candidate or otherwise denying the post-racial significance and accomplishments of his campaign.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-tamp-270">[263]</a> Despite attempts by both Hillary and Obama to downplay the issue, Democratic voting became more polarized as a result, with Clinton losing much of her support among African Americans.<a href="#cite_note-cbs012608-269">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-balz-165-272">[264]</a> She lost by a two-to-one margin to Obama in the January 26, <a href="/wiki/2008_South_Carolina_Democratic_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 South Carolina Democratic primary">South Carolina primary</a>,<a href="#cite_note-balz-165-272">[264]</a> setting up, with Edwards soon dropping out, an intense two-person contest for the twenty-two February 5 <a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday,_2008" title="Super Tuesday, 2008">Super Tuesday</a> states. The South Carolina campaign had done lasting damage to Clinton, eroding her support among the Democratic establishment and leading to the prized endorsement of Obama by Ted Kennedy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalzJohnson200956,_173–78-273">[265]</a> On Super Tuesday, Clinton won the largest states, such as <a href="/wiki/2008_California_Democratic_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 California Democratic primary">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/2008_New_York_Democratic_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 New York Democratic primary">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/2008_New_Jersey_Democratic_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 New Jersey Democratic primary">New Jersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election_in_Massachusetts" title="2008 United States presidential election in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, while Obama won more states;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalzJohnson2009188–89-274">[266]</a> they almost evenly split the total popular vote.<a href="#cite_note-275">[267]</a> But Obama was gaining more <a href="/wiki/Pledged_delegate" class="mw-redirect" title="Pledged delegate">pledged delegates</a> for his share of the popular vote due to better exploitation of the Democratic proportional allocation rules.<a href="#cite_note-sizemore-276">[268]</a> The Clinton campaign had counted on winning the nomination by Super Tuesday and was unprepared financially and logistically for a prolonged effort; lagging in Internet fundraising as Clinton began loaning money to her campaign.<a href="#cite_note-time5mis-263">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-recon-277">[269]</a> There was continuous turmoil within the campaign staff, and she made several top-level personnel changes.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-recon-277">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalzJohnson2009148–54,_190–92-278">[270]</a> Obama won the next eleven February contests across the country, often by large margins and took a significant pledged delegate lead over Clinton.<a href="#cite_note-sizemore-276">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-recon-277">[269]</a> On March 4, Clinton broke the string of losses by winning in <a href="/wiki/2008_Ohio_Democratic_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Ohio Democratic primary">Ohio</a> among other places,<a href="#cite_note-nyt-recon-277">[269]</a> where her criticism of NAFTA, a major legacy of her husband's presidency, helped in a state where the trade agreement was unpopular.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBalzJohnson2009196-279">[271]</a> Throughout the campaign, Obama dominated <a href="/wiki/Caucus#In_the_United_States" title="Caucus">caucuses</a>, for which the Clinton campaign largely ignored and failed to prepare.<a href="#cite_note-time5mis-263">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-sizemore-276">[268]</a> Obama did well in primaries where African Americans or younger, college-educated, or more affluent voters were heavily represented; Clinton did well in primaries where Hispanics or older, non-college-educated, or working-class white voters predominated.<a href="#cite_note-280">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[273]</a> Behind in delegates, Clinton's best hope of winning the nomination came in persuading uncommitted, party-appointed <a href="/wiki/Superdelegate" title="Superdelegate">superdelegates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-balz-217-282">[274]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_DNC_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Clinton speaking on behalf of Barack Obama before a convention audience during the second night of the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver. Multiple audience members in the foreground wave white flags with the word "Hillary" written in marker." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_DNC_2008.jpg/220px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_DNC_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_DNC_2008.jpg/330px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_DNC_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_DNC_2008.jpg/440px-Hillary_Rodham_Clinton_DNC_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Clinton speaks on behalf of her former rival, Barack Obama, during the second night of the <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 Democratic National Convention</a>.</figcaption></figure> Following the final primaries on June 3, 2008, Obama had gained enough delegates to become the <a href="/wiki/Presumptive_nominee" class="mw-redirect" title="Presumptive nominee">presumptive nominee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-283">[275]</a> In a speech before her supporters on June 7, Clinton ended her campaign and endorsed Obama.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenParnes201425,_30-284">[276]</a> By campaign's end, Clinton had won 1,640 pledged delegates to Obama's 1,763;<a href="#cite_note-cnn-end-285">[277]</a> at the time of the clinching, Clinton had 286 superdelegates to Obama's 395,<a href="#cite_note-286">[278]</a> with those numbers widening to 256 versus 438 once Obama was acknowledged the winner.<a href="#cite_note-cnn-end-285">[277]</a> Clinton and Obama each received over 17 million votes during the nomination process<a href="#cite_note-287">[i]</a> with both breaking the previous record.<a href="#cite_note-288">[279]</a> Clinton was the first woman to run in the primary or caucus of every state and she eclipsed, by a very wide margin, Congresswoman <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm#1972_presidential_campaign" title="Shirley Chisholm">1972 marks</a> for most votes garnered and delegates won by a woman.<a href="#cite_note-cawp-firsts-267">[260]</a> Clinton gave a passionate speech supporting Obama at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 Democratic National Convention</a> and campaigned frequently for him in fall 2008, which concluded with his victory over McCain in the general election on November 4.<a href="#cite_note-289">[280]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secretary_of_State_(2009–2013)">Secretary of State (2009–2013)</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenure_as_Secretary_of_State" title="Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State">Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Hillary_Clinton_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Hillary Clinton as United States Secretary of State">List of international trips made by Hillary Clinton as United States Secretary of State</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2009_0121_clinton_290_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2009_0121_clinton_290_1.jpg/220px-2009_0121_clinton_290_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/2009_0121_clinton_290_1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="232" /></a><figcaption>Hillary Clinton was sworn in as Secretary of State by Associate Judge <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Oberly" class="mw-redirect" title="Kathryn Oberly">Kathryn Oberly</a> on January 21, 2009.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Clinton_official_Secretary_of_State_portrait_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hillary Clinton dressed in a black suit seen in her official secretary of state portrait in 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Hillary_Clinton_official_Secretary_of_State_portrait_crop.jpg/220px-Hillary_Clinton_official_Secretary_of_State_portrait_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Hillary_Clinton_official_Secretary_of_State_portrait_crop.jpg/330px-Hillary_Clinton_official_Secretary_of_State_portrait_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Hillary_Clinton_official_Secretary_of_State_portrait_crop.jpg/440px-Hillary_Clinton_official_Secretary_of_State_portrait_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2070" data-file-height="2588" /></a><figcaption>Hillary Clinton's official portrait as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a>, 2009</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nomination_and_confirmation">Nomination and confirmation</h3></div> In mid-November 2008, President-elect Obama and Clinton discussed the possibility of her serving as <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of State">secretary of state</a> in his administration.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenParnes201448–52-290">[281]</a> She was initially quite reluctant, but on November 20 she told Obama she would accept the position.<a href="#cite_note-nytm-rock-291">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenParnes201458–60-292">[283]</a> On December 1, President-elect Obama formally announced that Clinton would be his nominee for secretary of state.<a href="#cite_note-293">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-sky120108-294">[285]</a> Clinton said she did not want to leave the Senate, but that the new position represented a "difficult and exciting adventure".<a href="#cite_note-sky120108-294">[285]</a> As part of the nomination and to relieve concerns of conflict of interest, Bill Clinton agreed to accept several conditions and restrictions regarding his ongoing activities and fundraising efforts for the <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Foundation" title="Clinton Foundation">William J. Clinton Foundation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Global_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinton Global Initiative">Clinton Global Initiative</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenParnes201481-295">[286]</a> The appointment required a <a href="/wiki/Saxbe_fix" title="Saxbe fix">Saxbe fix</a>, passed and signed into law in December 2008.<a href="#cite_note-296">[287]</a> Confirmation hearings before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Foreign_Relations" title="United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations">Senate Foreign Relations Committee</a> began on January 13, 2009, a week before the Obama inauguration; two days later, the committee voted 16–1 to approve Clinton.<a href="#cite_note-297">[288]</a> By this time, her public approval rating had reached 65 percent, the highest point since the Lewinsky scandal.<a href="#cite_note-298">[289]</a> On January 21, 2009, Clinton was confirmed in the full Senate by a vote of 94–2.<a href="#cite_note-kate_phillips-299">[290]</a> Clinton took the oath of office of secretary of state, <a href="/wiki/Resignation_from_the_United_States_Senate" title="Resignation from the United States Senate">resigning from the Senate</a> later that day.<a href="#cite_note-300">[291]</a> She became the first former first lady to be a member of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">United States Cabinet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-301">[292]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tenure">Tenure</h3></div> During her tenure as secretary of state, Clinton and President Obama forged a positive working relationship that lacked power struggles. Clinton was regarded to be a team player within the Obama administration. She was also considered a defender of the administration to the public. She was regarded to be cautious to prevent herself or her husband from upstaging the president.<a href="#cite_note-elle-2012-302">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-relat-303">[294]</a> Obama and Clinton both approached foreign policy as a largely non-ideological, pragmatic exercise.<a href="#cite_note-nytm-rock-291">[282]</a> Clinton met with Obama weekly, but did not have the close, daily relationship that some of her predecessors had had with their presidents.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-relat-303">[294]</a> Nevertheless, Obama was trusting of Clinton's actions.<a href="#cite_note-nytm-rock-291">[282]</a> Clinton also formed an alliance with Secretary of Defense <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a> with whom she shared similar strategic outlooks.<a href="#cite_note-a-p-gates-304">[295]</a> As secretary of state, Clinton sought to lead a rehabilitation of the United States' reputation on the world stage. After taking office, Clinton spent several days telephoning dozens of world leaders and indicating that <a href="/wiki/U.S._foreign_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. foreign policy">U.S. foreign policy</a> would change direction. Days into her tenure, she remarked, "We have a lot of damage to repair."<a href="#cite_note-305">[296]</a> Clinton advocated an expanded role in global economic issues for the State Department, and cited the need for an increased U.S. diplomatic presence, especially in Iraq where the Defense Department had conducted <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic missions">diplomatic missions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt122208-306">[297]</a> Clinton announced the most ambitious of her departmental reforms, the <a href="/wiki/Quadrennial_Diplomacy_and_Development_Review" title="Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review">Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review</a>, which establishes specific objectives for the State Department's diplomatic missions abroad; it was modeled after <a href="/wiki/Quadrennial_Defense_Review" title="Quadrennial Defense Review">a similar process</a> in the Defense Department that she was familiar with from her time on the <a href="/wiki/Senate_Armed_Services_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Armed Services Committee">Senate Armed Services Committee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenParnes2014150–51-307">[298]</a> The first such review was issued in late 2010 and called for the U.S. to lead through "civilian power".<a href="#cite_note-308">[299]</a> and prioritize the empowerment of women throughout the world.<a href="#cite_note-nw-doctrine-160">[155]</a> One cause that Clinton promoted throughout her tenure was the adoption of <a href="/wiki/Improved_cookstove" class="mw-redirect" title="Improved cookstove">cookstoves</a> in the developing world, to foster cleaner and more environmentally sound food preparation and reduce smoke dangers to women.<a href="#cite_note-nytm-rock-291">[282]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lavrov_and_Clinton_reset_relations-1_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hillary Clinton standing with Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov. Both of them are holding a "reset button". They are in a room with a window to the left and an American flag behind them" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lavrov_and_Clinton_reset_relations-1_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Lavrov_and_Clinton_reset_relations-1_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lavrov_and_Clinton_reset_relations-1_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Lavrov_and_Clinton_reset_relations-1_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Lavrov_and_Clinton_reset_relations-1_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Lavrov_and_Clinton_reset_relations-1_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="641" /></a><figcaption>Russian foreign minister <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a> and Clinton holding a "reset button", 2009</figcaption></figure> In a 2009 internal Obama administration debate regarding the War in Afghanistan, Clinton sided with the military's recommendations for a maximal "Afghanistan surge", recommending 40,000 troops and no public deadline for withdrawal. She prevailed over Vice President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>'s opposition but eventually supported Obama's compromise plan to send an additional 30,000 troops and <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Afghanistan_(2011%E2%80%932016)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (2011–2016)">tie the surge to a timetable for eventual withdrawal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-landler-nytm-226">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenParnes2014122–24-309">[300]</a> In March 2009, Clinton presented Russian Foreign Minister <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov" title="Sergey Lavrov">Sergey Lavrov</a> with a "reset button" symbolizing U.S. attempts to rebuild ties with that country under its new president, <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev" title="Dmitry Medvedev">Dmitry Medvedev</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-putin-310">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenParnes2014136–38-311">[302]</a> The policy, which became known as the <a href="/wiki/Russian_reset" title="Russian reset">Russian reset</a>, led to improved cooperation in several areas during Medvedev's presidency.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-putin-310">[301]</a> However Clinton noted at the time that the US was concerned about Russia's use of energy as a tool of intimidation.<a href="#cite_note-dwdgp-312">[303]</a> Bilateral relations, however, would decline considerably, after Medvedev's presidency ended in 2012 and <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a>'s return to the Russian presidency.<a href="#cite_note-313">[304]</a> In October 2009, on a trip to Switzerland, Clinton's intervention overcame last-minute snafues and managed to secure the final signing of an <a href="/wiki/2009_Armenia%E2%80%93Turkey_Accord" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 Armenia–Turkey Accord">historic Turkish–Armenian accord</a> that established diplomatic relations and opened the border between the two long-hostile nations.<a href="#cite_note-314">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[306]</a> Beginning in 2010, she helped organize a diplomatic isolation and international sanctions regime against Iran, in an effort to force curtailment of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_program_of_Iran" title="Nuclear program of Iran">that country's nuclear program</a>; this would eventually lead to the multinational <a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action</a> being agreed to in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-nytm-rock-291">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[308]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Secretary_of_State_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton,_left,_greets_Service_members_after_her_speech_at_Andersen_Air_Force_Base,_Guam_101029-N-QE566-002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Clinton greeting U.S. military personnel at Andersen Air Force Base in Guam. The personnel are wearing uniforms and standing side by side." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/U.S._Secretary_of_State_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%2C_left%2C_greets_Service_members_after_her_speech_at_Andersen_Air_Force_Base%2C_Guam_101029-N-QE566-002.jpg/220px-U.S._Secretary_of_State_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%2C_left%2C_greets_Service_members_after_her_speech_at_Andersen_Air_Force_Base%2C_Guam_101029-N-QE566-002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/U.S._Secretary_of_State_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%2C_left%2C_greets_Service_members_after_her_speech_at_Andersen_Air_Force_Base%2C_Guam_101029-N-QE566-002.jpg/330px-U.S._Secretary_of_State_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%2C_left%2C_greets_Service_members_after_her_speech_at_Andersen_Air_Force_Base%2C_Guam_101029-N-QE566-002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/U.S._Secretary_of_State_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%2C_left%2C_greets_Service_members_after_her_speech_at_Andersen_Air_Force_Base%2C_Guam_101029-N-QE566-002.jpg/440px-U.S._Secretary_of_State_Hillary_Rodham_Clinton%2C_left%2C_greets_Service_members_after_her_speech_at_Andersen_Air_Force_Base%2C_Guam_101029-N-QE566-002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1395" /></a><figcaption>Clinton greeting service members at <a href="/wiki/Andersen_Air_Force_Base" title="Andersen Air Force Base">Andersen Air Force Base</a> in 2010</figcaption></figure> In a prepared speech in January 2010, Clinton drew analogies between the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a> and the free and unfree Internet,<a href="#cite_note-318">[309]</a> which marked the first time that a senior American government official had clearly defined the Internet as a key element of American foreign policy.<a href="#cite_note-319">[310]</a> In July 2010, she visited South Korea, where she and <a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Mills" title="Cheryl Mills">Cheryl Mills</a> successfully worked to convince SAE-A, a large apparel subcontractor, to invest in Haiti despite the company's deep concerns about plans to raise the minimum wage.<a href="#cite_note-Sontag-320">[311]</a> This tied into the "build back better" program initiated by her husband after he was named the UN Special Envoy to Haiti in 2009 following a tropical storm season that caused $1 billion in damages to Haiti.<a href="#cite_note-321">[312]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Egyptian protests">2011 Egyptian protests</a> posed the most challenging foreign policy crisis yet for the Obama administration.<a href="#cite_note-pol-egypt-hrc-322">[313]</a> Clinton's public response quickly evolved from an early assessment that the government of <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a> was "stable", to a stance that there needed to be an "orderly transition [to] a democratic participatory government", to a condemnation of violence against the protesters.<a href="#cite_note-reut-evol-323">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-324">[315]</a> Obama came to rely upon Clinton's advice, organization and personal connections in the behind-the-scenes response to developments.<a href="#cite_note-pol-egypt-hrc-322">[313]</a> As <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a> protests spread throughout the region, Clinton was at the forefront of a U.S. response that she recognized was sometimes contradictory, backing some regimes while supporting protesters against others.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-libya-change-325">[316]</a> As the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Civil_War_(2011)" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Civil War (2011)">Libyan Civil War</a> took place, Clinton's shift in favor of military intervention aligned her with <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to the United Nations">Ambassador to the UN</a> <a href="/wiki/Susan_Rice" title="Susan Rice">Susan Rice</a> and National Security Council figure <a href="/wiki/Samantha_Power" title="Samantha Power">Samantha Power</a>. This was a key turning point in overcoming internal administration opposition from Defense Secretary Gates, security advisor <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Donilon" title="Thomas E. Donilon">Thomas E. Donilon</a> and counterterrorism advisor <a href="/wiki/John_O._Brennan" class="mw-redirect" title="John O. Brennan">John Brennan</a> in gaining the backing for, and Arab and U.N. approval of, the <a href="/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya" title="2011 military intervention in Libya">2011 military intervention in Libya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-libya-change-325">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-time-smart-326">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-pol-no-2nd-327">[318]</a> Secretary Clinton testified to Congress that the administration did not need <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_war_by_the_United_States" title="Declaration of war by the United States">congressional authorization</a> for its military intervention in Libya, despite objections from some members of both parties that the administration was violating the <a href="/wiki/War_Powers_Resolution" title="War Powers Resolution">War Powers Resolution</a>. The State Department's legal advisor argued the same point when the Resolution's 60-day limit for unauthorized wars was passed (a view that prevailed in a legal debate within the Obama administration).<a href="#cite_note-328">[319]</a> Clinton later used U.S. allies and what she called "convening power" to promote unity among the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Gaddafi_forces" title="Anti-Gaddafi forces">Libyan rebels</a> as they eventually overthrew the <a href="/wiki/Gaddafi_regime" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaddafi regime">Gaddafi regime</a>.<a href="#cite_note-time-smart-326">[317]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_2011_Libyan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Aftermath of the 2011 Libyan Civil War">aftermath of the Libyan Civil War</a> saw the country becoming a <a href="/wiki/Failed_state" title="Failed state">failed state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-329">[320]</a> The wisdom of the intervention and interpretation of what happened afterward would become the subject of considerable debate.<a href="#cite_note-330">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[323]</a> During April 2011, internal deliberations of the president's innermost circle of advisors over whether to order <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_SEALs" title="United States Navy SEALs">U.S. special forces</a> to conduct a raid into Pakistan against <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>, Clinton was among those who argued in favor, saying the importance of getting bin Laden outweighed the risks to the U.S. relationship with Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-333">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenParnes2014233–37-334">[325]</a> Following the completion of the mission on May 2 resulting in <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Osama_bin_Laden" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Osama bin Laden">bin Laden's death</a>, Clinton played a key role in the administration's decision not to release photographs of the dead al-Qaeda leader.<a href="#cite_note-335">[326]</a> During internal discussions regarding Iraq in 2011, Clinton argued for keeping a residual force of up to 10,000–20,000 U.S. troops there. (All of them ended up being withdrawn after negotiations for a revised <a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Iraq_Status_of_Forces_Agreement" title="U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement">U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement</a> failed.)<a href="#cite_note-landler-nytm-226">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-time-crowley-336">[327]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Clinton_Meets_Daw_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_for_Dinner_(6437448295).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Clinton standing with Aung San Suu Kyi. The two women are discussing something during Clinton's 2011 visit to Burma." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Secretary_Clinton_Meets_Daw_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_for_Dinner_%286437448295%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Clinton_Meets_Daw_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_for_Dinner_%286437448295%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Secretary_Clinton_Meets_Daw_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_for_Dinner_%286437448295%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Clinton_Meets_Daw_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_for_Dinner_%286437448295%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Secretary_Clinton_Meets_Daw_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_for_Dinner_%286437448295%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Clinton_Meets_Daw_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_for_Dinner_%286437448295%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3713" data-file-height="2471" /></a><figcaption>Clinton with <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a> during her 2011 visit to Myanmar</figcaption></figure> In a speech before the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">United Nations Human Rights Council</a> in December 2011, Clinton said that, "Gay rights are human rights", and that the U.S. would advocate for <a href="/wiki/Gay_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay rights">gay rights</a> and legal protections of gay people abroad.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenParnes2014372-337">[328]</a> The same period saw her overcome internal administration opposition with a direct appeal to Obama and stage the first visit to <a href="/wiki/Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma">Burma</a> by a U.S. secretary of state since 1955. She met with Burmese leaders as well as opposition leader <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a> and sought to support the <a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%9315_Myanmar_political_reforms" class="mw-redirect" title="2011–15 Myanmar political reforms">2011 Burmese democratic reforms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-backstage-338">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[330]</a> She also said the 21st century would be "America's Pacific century",<a href="#cite_note-340">[331]</a> a declaration that was part of the <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="East Asian foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Obama administration's "pivot to Asia"</a>.<a href="#cite_note-341">[332]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a>, Clinton and the Obama administration initially sought to persuade Syrian president <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a> to engage popular demonstrations with reform. As government violence allegedly rose in August 2011, they called for him to resign from the presidency.<a href="#cite_note-342">[333]</a> The administration joined several countries in delivering non-lethal assistance to so-called <a href="/wiki/Syrian_opposition" title="Syrian opposition">rebels opposed to the Assad government</a> and humanitarian groups working in Syria.<a href="#cite_note-343">[334]</a> During mid-2012, Clinton formed a plan with CIA Director David Petraeus to further strengthen the opposition by arming and training vetted groups of Syrian rebels. The proposal was rejected by White House officials who were reluctant to become entangled in the conflict, fearing that extremists hidden among the rebels might turn the weapons against other targets.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-backstage-338">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenParnes2014340-344">[335]</a> In December 2012, Clinton was hospitalized for a few days for treatment of a <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_venous_sinus_thrombosis" title="Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis">blood clot</a> in her <a href="/wiki/Transverse_sinuses" title="Transverse sinuses">right transverse</a> <a href="/wiki/Dural_venous_sinuses" title="Dural venous sinuses">venous sinus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenParnes2014339–42,_360–62-345">[336]</a> Her doctors had discovered the clot during a follow-up examination for a <a href="/wiki/Concussion" title="Concussion">concussion</a> she had sustained when she fainted and fell nearly three weeks earlier, as a result of severe dehydration from a viral <a href="/wiki/Gastroenteritis" title="Gastroenteritis">intestinal ailment</a> acquired during a trip to Europe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenParnes2014339–42,_360–62-345">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-hosp-346">[337]</a> The clot, which caused no immediate neurological injury, was treated with <a href="/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant">anticoagulant</a> medication, and her doctors have said she has made a full recovery.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-hosp-346">[337]</a><a href="#cite_note-health-2015-347">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[j]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Overall_themes">Overall themes</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obama_and_Biden_await_updates_on_bin_Laden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Obama and Biden, along with members of the national security team watching a live feed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Obama_and_Biden_await_updates_on_bin_Laden.jpg/220px-Obama_and_Biden_await_updates_on_bin_Laden.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Obama_and_Biden_await_updates_on_bin_Laden.jpg/330px-Obama_and_Biden_await_updates_on_bin_Laden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Obama_and_Biden_await_updates_on_bin_Laden.jpg/440px-Obama_and_Biden_await_updates_on_bin_Laden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="2731" /></a><figcaption>Clinton, along with members of the national security team, receive an update on Operation Neptune Spear in the White House Situation Room in 2011. Everyone in the room is watching a live feed from drones operating over the Osama bin Laden complex.</figcaption></figure> Throughout her time in office (and mentioned in her final speech concluding it), Clinton viewed "<a href="/wiki/Smart_power" title="Smart power">smart power</a>" as the strategy for asserting U.S. leadership and values. In a world of varied threats, weakened central governments and increasingly important nongovernmental entities, smart power combined military <a href="/wiki/Hard_power" title="Hard power">hard power</a> with diplomacy and U.S. <a href="/wiki/Soft_power" title="Soft power">soft power</a> capacities in global economics, development aid, technology, creativity and human rights advocacy.<a href="#cite_note-time-smart-326">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[343]</a> As such, she became the first secretary of state to methodically implement the smart power approach.<a href="#cite_note-354">[344]</a> In debates over use of military force, she was generally one of the more <a href="/wiki/War_hawk" title="War hawk">hawkish</a> voices in the administration.<a href="#cite_note-landler-nytm-226">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-a-p-gates-304">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-time-crowley-336">[327]</a> In August 2011 she hailed the ongoing multinational military intervention in Libya and the initial U.S. response towards the Syrian Civil War as examples of smart power in action.<a href="#cite_note-355">[345]</a> Clinton greatly expanded the State Department's use of <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a>, including Facebook and Twitter, to get its message out and to help empower citizens of foreign countries vis-à-vis their governments.<a href="#cite_note-time-smart-326">[317]</a> And in the Mideast turmoil, Clinton particularly saw an opportunity to advance one of the central themes of her tenure, the empowerment and welfare of women and girls worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-nw-doctrine-160">[155]</a> Moreover, in a formulation that became known as the "<a href="/wiki/Hillary_Doctrine" title="Hillary Doctrine">Hillary Doctrine</a>", she viewed women's rights as critical for U.S. security interests, due to a link between the level of violence against women and gender inequality within a state, and the instability and challenge to international security of that state.<a href="#cite_note-elle-2012-302">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-356">[346]</a> In turn, there was a trend of women around the world finding more opportunities, and in some cases feeling safer, as the result of her actions and visibility.<a href="#cite_note-357">[347]</a> Clinton visited 112 countries during her tenure, making her the most widely traveled secretary of state<a href="#cite_note-nyt-amplified-358">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-361">[k]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time magazine</a> wrote that "Clinton's endurance is legendary".)<a href="#cite_note-time-smart-326">[317]</a> The first secretary of state to visit countries like <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>, she believed that in-person visits were more important than ever in the virtual age.<a href="#cite_note-362">[351]</a> As early as March 2011, she indicated she was not interested in serving a second term as secretary of state should Obama be <a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">re-elected in 2012</a>;<a href="#cite_note-pol-no-2nd-327">[318]</a> in December 2012, following that re-election, Obama nominated Senator <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> to be Clinton's successor.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-hosp-346">[337]</a> Her last day as secretary of state was February 1, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-cbs-next-363">[352]</a> Upon her departure, analysts commented that Clinton's tenure did not bring any signature diplomatic breakthroughs as some other secretaries of state had accomplished,<a href="#cite_note-lat-legacy-364">[353]</a><a href="#cite_note-nykr-legacy-365">[354]</a> and highlighted her focus on goals she thought were less tangible but would have more lasting effect.<a href="#cite_note-366">[355]</a> She has also been criticized for accepting millions in dollars in donations from foreign governments to the <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Foundation" title="Clinton Foundation">Clinton Foundation</a> during her tenure as Secretary of State.<a href="#cite_note-367">[356]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Benghazi_attack_and_subsequent_hearings">Benghazi attack and subsequent hearings</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">2012 Benghazi attack</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_Benghazi" title="United States House Select Committee on Benghazi">United States House Select Committee on Benghazi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obama_and_Clinton_at_Transfer_of_Remains_Ceremony_for_Benghazi_attack_victims_Sep_14,_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Obama and Clinton at a somber occasion, honoring the Benghazi attack victims at the Transfer of Remains Ceremony, held at Andrews Air Force Base on September 14, 2012. Soldiers are standing behind Obama and Clinton, and everyone is standing on a large wooden floor with their left hands to their side and their right hands on their upper chests." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Obama_and_Clinton_at_Transfer_of_Remains_Ceremony_for_Benghazi_attack_victims_Sep_14%2C_2012.jpg/220px-Obama_and_Clinton_at_Transfer_of_Remains_Ceremony_for_Benghazi_attack_victims_Sep_14%2C_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Obama_and_Clinton_at_Transfer_of_Remains_Ceremony_for_Benghazi_attack_victims_Sep_14%2C_2012.jpg/330px-Obama_and_Clinton_at_Transfer_of_Remains_Ceremony_for_Benghazi_attack_victims_Sep_14%2C_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Obama_and_Clinton_at_Transfer_of_Remains_Ceremony_for_Benghazi_attack_victims_Sep_14%2C_2012.jpg/440px-Obama_and_Clinton_at_Transfer_of_Remains_Ceremony_for_Benghazi_attack_victims_Sep_14%2C_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>Obama and Clinton honor the <a href="/wiki/Benghazi_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Benghazi attack">Benghazi attack</a> victims at the Transfer of Remains Ceremony, held at <a href="/wiki/Andrews_Air_Force_Base" title="Andrews Air Force Base">Andrews Air Force Base</a> on September 14, 2012.</figcaption></figure> On September 11, 2012, <a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">the U.S. diplomatic mission in Benghazi, Libya, was attacked</a>, resulting in the deaths of the U.S. Ambassador, <a href="/wiki/J._Christopher_Stevens" title="J. Christopher Stevens">J. Christopher Stevens</a> and three other Americans. The attack, questions surrounding the security of the U.S. consulate, and the <a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack#U.S._government_response" title="2012 Benghazi attack">varying explanations given afterward by administration officials</a> for what had happened became politically controversial in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-cnn-attack-resp-368">[357]</a> On October 15, Clinton took responsibility for the question of security lapses saying the differing explanations were due to the inevitable <a href="/wiki/Fog_of_war" title="Fog of war">fog of war</a> confusion after such events.<a href="#cite_note-cnn-attack-resp-368">[357]</a><a href="#cite_note-369">[358]</a> On December 19, a panel led by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Pickering" title="Thomas R. Pickering">Thomas R. Pickering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Mullen" title="Michael Mullen">Michael Mullen</a> issued its report on the matter. It was sharply critical of State Department officials in Washington for ignoring requests for more guards and safety upgrades and for failing to adapt security procedures to a deteriorating security environment.<a href="#cite_note-upi-arb-370">[359]</a> It focused its criticism on the department's <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Diplomatic_Security" title="Bureau of Diplomatic Security">Bureau of Diplomatic Security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Near_Eastern_Affairs" title="Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs">Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs</a>; four State Department officials at the assistant secretary level and below were removed from their posts as a consequence.<a href="#cite_note-371">[360]</a> Clinton said she accepted the conclusions of the report and that changes were underway to implement its suggested recommendations.<a href="#cite_note-upi-arb-370">[359]</a> Clinton gave testimony to two congressional foreign affairs committees on January 23, 2013, regarding the Benghazi attack. She defended her actions in response to the incident, and while still accepting formal responsibility, said she had had no direct role in specific discussions beforehand regarding consulate security.<a href="#cite_note-cnn-0123-hearings-372">[361]</a> Congressional Republicans challenged her on several points, to which she responded. In particular, after persistent questioning about whether or not the administration had issued inaccurate "talking points" after the attack, Clinton responded with the much-quoted rejoinder, "With all due respect, the fact is we had four dead Americans. Was it because of a protest or was it because of guys out for a walk one night who decided that they'd they go kill some Americans? What difference at this point does it make? It is our job to figure out what happened and do everything we can to prevent it from ever happening again, Senator."<a href="#cite_note-cnn-0123-hearings-372">[361]</a><a href="#cite_note-373">[362]</a> In November 2014, the <a href="/wiki/House_Intelligence_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Intelligence Committee">House Intelligence Committee</a> issued a report that concluded there had been no wrongdoing in the administration's response to the attack.<a href="#cite_note-374">[363]</a> The Republican-led <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_Benghazi" title="United States House Select Committee on Benghazi">House Select Committee on Benghazi</a> was created in May 2014 and conducted a two-year investigation related to the 2012 attack.<a href="#cite_note-usa-bengcom-375">[364]</a> The committee was criticized as partisan,<a href="#cite_note-usa-bengcom-375">[364]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-bengcom-376">[365]</a> including by one of its ex-staffers.<a href="#cite_note-377">[366]</a> Some Republicans admitted that the committee aimed to lower Clinton's poll numbers.<a href="#cite_note-378">[367]</a><a href="#cite_note-379">[368]</a> On October 22, 2015, Clinton testified at an all-day and nighttime session before the committee.<a href="#cite_note-ShearSchmidt-380">[369]</a><a href="#cite_note-wapo-nosolid-381">[370]</a> Clinton was widely seen as emerging largely unscathed from the hearing, because of what the media perceived as a calm and unfazed demeanor and a lengthy, meandering, repetitive line of questioning from the committee.<a href="#cite_note-382">[371]</a> The committee issued competing final reports in June 2016; the Republican report offered no evidence of culpability by Clinton.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-bengcom-376">[365]</a><a href="#cite_note-usa-bengcom-375">[364]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Email_controversy">Email controversy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_email_controversy" title="Hillary Clinton email controversy">Hillary Clinton email controversy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_03_10_Hillary_Clinton_by_Voice_of_America_(cropped_to_collar).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/2015_03_10_Hillary_Clinton_by_Voice_of_America_%28cropped_to_collar%29.jpg/220px-2015_03_10_Hillary_Clinton_by_Voice_of_America_%28cropped_to_collar%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/2015_03_10_Hillary_Clinton_by_Voice_of_America_%28cropped_to_collar%29.jpg/330px-2015_03_10_Hillary_Clinton_by_Voice_of_America_%28cropped_to_collar%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/2015_03_10_Hillary_Clinton_by_Voice_of_America_%28cropped_to_collar%29.jpg/440px-2015_03_10_Hillary_Clinton_by_Voice_of_America_%28cropped_to_collar%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption>Clinton addressing the email controversy in 2015</figcaption></figure> During her tenure as secretary of state, Clinton conducted official business exclusively through her private email server, as opposed to her government email account.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenParnes201753–57-383">[372]</a> Some experts, officials, members of Congress and political opponents contended that her use of private <a href="/wiki/Message_transfer_agent" title="Message transfer agent">messaging system</a> software and a private server violated State Department protocols and procedures, and federal laws and regulations governing <a href="/wiki/Records_management" title="Records management">recordkeeping requirements</a>. The controversy occurred against the backdrop of Clinton's 2016 presidential election campaign and hearings held by the House Select Committee on Benghazi.<a href="#cite_note-384">[373]</a><a href="#cite_note-wapo-email-385">[374]</a> In a joint statement released on July 15, 2015, the inspector general of the State Department and the inspector general of the intelligence community said their review of the emails found information that was classified when sent, remained so at the time of their inspection and "never should have been transmitted via an unclassified personal system". They also stated unequivocally this classified information should never have been stored outside of secure government computer systems. Clinton had said over a period of months that she kept no classified information on the private server that she set up in her house.<a href="#cite_note-NYT72415-386">[375]</a> Government policy, reiterated in the nondisclosure agreement signed by Clinton as part of gaining her security clearance, is that sensitive information can be considered as classified even if not marked as such.<a href="#cite_note-387">[376]</a> After allegations were raised that some of the emails in question fell into the so-called "born classified" category, an FBI probe was initiated regarding how classified information was handled on the Clinton server.<a href="#cite_note-NYT8815-388">[377]</a> The New York Times reported in February 2016 that nearly 2,100 emails stored on Clinton's server were retroactively marked classified by the State Department. Additionally, the intelligence community's inspector general wrote Congress to say that some of the emails "contained classified State Department information when originated".<a href="#cite_note-389">[378]</a> In May 2016, the inspector general of the State Department criticized her use of a private email server while secretary of state, stating that she had not requested permission for this and would not have received it if she had asked.<a href="#cite_note-390">[379]</a> Clinton maintained she did not send or receive any emails from her personal server that were confidential at the time they were sent. In a Democratic debate with <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> on February 4, 2016, Clinton said, "I never sent or received any classified material—they are retroactively classifying it." On July 2, 2016, Clinton stated: "Let me repeat what I have repeated for many months now, I never received nor sent any material that was marked classified."<a href="#cite_note-391">[380]</a><a href="#cite_note-392">[381]</a> On July 5, 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a> concluded its investigation. In a statement, FBI director <a href="/wiki/James_Comey" title="James Comey">James Comey</a> said: <blockquote>110 e-mails in 52 e-mail chains have been determined by the owning agency to contain classified information at the time they were sent or received. Eight of those chains contained information that was Top Secret at the time they were sent; 36 chains contained Secret information at the time; and eight contained Confidential information, which is the lowest level of classification. Separate from those, about 2,000 additional e-mails were "up-classified" to make them Confidential; the information in those had not been classified at the time the e-mails were sent.<a href="#cite_note-fbi.gov-393">[382]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kiely-394">[383]</a></blockquote> Out of 30,000, three emails were found to be marked as classified, although they lacked classified headers and were marked only with a small "c" in parentheses, described as "portion markings" by Comey. He also said it was possible Clinton was not "technically sophisticated" enough to understand what the three classified markings meant.<a href="#cite_note-Kiely-394">[383]</a> The probe found Clinton used her personal email extensively while outside the United States, both sending and receiving work-related emails in the territory of sophisticated adversaries. Comey acknowledged that it was "possible that hostile actors gained access to Secretary Clinton's personal email account". He added that "[although] we did not find clear evidence that Secretary Clinton or her colleagues intended to violate laws governing the handling of classified information, there is evidence that they were extremely careless in their handling of very sensitive, highly classified information". Nevertheless, Comey asserted that "no reasonable prosecutor" would bring criminal charges in this case, despite the existence of "potential violations of the statutes regarding the handling of classified information". The FBI recommended that the Justice Department decline to prosecute.<a href="#cite_note-fbi.gov-393">[382]</a> On July 6, 2016, U.S. Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynch" title="Loretta Lynch">Loretta Lynch</a> confirmed that the probe into Clinton's use of private email servers would be closed without criminal charges.<a href="#cite_note-395">[384]</a> Two weeks before the election, on October 28, 2016, Comey notified Congress that the FBI had begun looking into newly discovered Clinton emails. On November 6, Comey notified Congress that the FBI had not changed the conclusion it had reached in July.<a href="#cite_note-396">[385]</a> The notification was later cited by Clinton as a factor in her loss in the <a href="#2016_presidential_campaign">2016 presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-397">[386]</a> The emails controversy received more media coverage than any other topic during the 2016 presidential election.<a href="#cite_note-Watts-2017-398">[387]</a><a href="#cite_note-Patterson-2016-399">[388]</a><a href="#cite_note-Faris-2016-400">[389]</a> The State Department finished its internal review in September 2019. It found that Clinton's use of a personal email server increased the risk of information being compromised, but concluded there was no evidence of "systemic, deliberate mishandling of classified information".<a href="#cite_note-401">[390]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinton_Foundation,_Hard_Choices,_and_speeches">Clinton Foundation, Hard Choices, and speeches</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Foundation" title="Clinton Foundation">Clinton Foundation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hard_Choices" title="Hard Choices">Hard Choices</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Secretary_of_State_Clinton_Delivers_Remarks_at_Groundbreaking_Ceremony_of_the_U.S._Diplomacy_Center_(14943786999)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Clinton standing behind lectern wearing a charcoal-colored suit, smiling and looking to her right" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Former_Secretary_of_State_Clinton_Delivers_Remarks_at_Groundbreaking_Ceremony_of_the_U.S._Diplomacy_Center_%2814943786999%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Former_Secretary_of_State_Clinton_Delivers_Remarks_at_Groundbreaking_Ceremony_of_the_U.S._Diplomacy_Center_%2814943786999%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Former_Secretary_of_State_Clinton_Delivers_Remarks_at_Groundbreaking_Ceremony_of_the_U.S._Diplomacy_Center_%2814943786999%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Former_Secretary_of_State_Clinton_Delivers_Remarks_at_Groundbreaking_Ceremony_of_the_U.S._Diplomacy_Center_%2814943786999%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Former_Secretary_of_State_Clinton_Delivers_Remarks_at_Groundbreaking_Ceremony_of_the_U.S._Diplomacy_Center_%2814943786999%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Former_Secretary_of_State_Clinton_Delivers_Remarks_at_Groundbreaking_Ceremony_of_the_U.S._Diplomacy_Center_%2814943786999%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3498" data-file-height="4660" /></a><figcaption>Clinton in 2014</figcaption></figure> When Clinton left the State Department, she returned to private life for the first time in thirty years.<a href="#cite_note-reut-depart-402">[391]</a> She and her daughter joined her husband as named members of the <a href="/wiki/Bill,_Hillary_%26_Chelsea_Clinton_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill, Hillary & Chelsea Clinton Foundation">Bill, Hillary & Chelsea Clinton Foundation</a> in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-a-p-cf-403">[392]</a> There she focused on early childhood development efforts, including an initiative called Too Small to Fail and a $600 million initiative to encourage the enrollment of girls in secondary schools worldwide, led by former Australian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Julia_Gillard" title="Julia Gillard">Julia Gillard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-a-p-cf-403">[392]</a><a href="#cite_note-404">[393]</a> In 2014, Clinton published a second memoir, <a href="/wiki/Hard_Choices" title="Hard Choices">Hard Choices</a>, which focused on her time as secretary of state. As of July 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hillary_Clinton&action=edit">[update]</a>, the book had sold about 280,000 copies.<a href="#cite_note-Berenson-2016-405">[394]</a> Clinton also led the No Ceilings: The Full Participation Project, a partnership with the <a href="/wiki/Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" title="Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a> to gather and study data on the progress of women and girls around the world since the Beijing conference in 1995.<a href="#cite_note-406">[395]</a> The foundation began accepting new donations from foreign governments, which it had stopped doing while she was secretary of state.<a href="#cite_note-excf-409">[l]</a> However, even though the Clinton Foundation had stopped taking donations from foreign governments, they continued to take large donations from foreign citizens who were sometimes linked to their governments.<a href="#cite_note-410">[398]</a> She began work on another volume of memoirs and made appearances on the paid speaking circuit.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-lucre-411">[399]</a> There she received $200,000–225,000 per engagement, often appearing before <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a> firms or at <a href="/wiki/Business_convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Business convention">business conventions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-lucre-411">[399]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-wall-ties-412">[400]</a> She also made some unpaid speeches on behalf of the foundation.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-lucre-411">[399]</a> For the fifteen months ending in March 2015, Clinton earned over $11 million from her speeches.<a href="#cite_note-413">[401]</a> For the overall period 2007–14, the Clintons earned almost $141 million, paid some $56 million in federal and state taxes and donated about $15 million to charity.<a href="#cite_note-414">[402]</a> As of 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hillary_Clinton&action=edit">[update]</a>, she was estimated to be worth over $30 million on her own, or $45–53 million with her husband.<a href="#cite_note-415">[403]</a> Clinton resigned from the board of the Clinton Foundation in April 2015, when she began her presidential campaign. The foundation said it would accept new foreign governmental donations from six Western nations only.<a href="#cite_note-excf-409">[l]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2016_presidential_campaign">2016 presidential campaign</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a>, <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential candidates">2016 Democratic Party presidential candidates</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernie_Sanders_%26_Hillary_Clinton_(28250130386).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Clinton standing at a podium speaking and looking to her right; Bernie Sanders is standing behind her." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bernie_Sanders_%26_Hillary_Clinton_%2828250130386%29.jpg/220px-Bernie_Sanders_%26_Hillary_Clinton_%2828250130386%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bernie_Sanders_%26_Hillary_Clinton_%2828250130386%29.jpg/330px-Bernie_Sanders_%26_Hillary_Clinton_%2828250130386%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Bernie_Sanders_%26_Hillary_Clinton_%2828250130386%29.jpg/440px-Bernie_Sanders_%26_Hillary_Clinton_%2828250130386%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="563" /></a><figcaption>Clinton accepting <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>' endorsement in 2016</figcaption></figure> On April 12, 2015, Clinton formally announced her candidacy for the presidency in the 2016 election.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-2016-announ-416">[404]</a> She had a campaign-in-waiting already in place, including a large donor network, experienced operatives and the <a href="/wiki/Ready_for_Hillary" class="mw-redirect" title="Ready for Hillary">Ready for Hillary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Priorities_USA_Action" title="Priorities USA Action">Priorities USA Action</a> political action committees and other infrastructure.<a href="#cite_note-417">[405]</a> Prior to her campaign, Clinton had claimed in an interview on <a href="/wiki/NDTV" title="NDTV">NDTV</a> in May 2012 that she would not seek the presidency again, but later wrote in her 2014 autobiography Hard Choices that she had not decided.<a href="#cite_note-418">[406]</a><a href="#cite_note-419">[407]</a> The campaign's headquarters were established in the New York City <a href="/wiki/Borough_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough (New York City)">borough</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-420">[408]</a> Her campaign focused on: raising middle class incomes, establishing <a href="/wiki/Universal_preschool" title="Universal preschool">universal preschool</a>, making college more affordable and improving the <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-421">[409]</a><a href="#cite_note-ap-pace-422">[410]</a> Initially considered a prohibitive favorite to win the Democratic nomination,<a href="#cite_note-nyt-2016-announ-416">[404]</a> Clinton faced an unexpectedly strong challenge from <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">democratic socialist</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> of Vermont. His longtime stance against the influence of corporations and the wealthy in American politics resonated with a dissatisfied citizenry troubled by the effects of <a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_U.S." class="mw-redirect" title="Income inequality in the U.S.">income inequality in the U.S.</a> and contrasted with Clinton's Wall Street ties.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-wall-ties-412">[400]</a><a href="#cite_note-ap-pace-422">[410]</a> In the initial contest of the primaries season, Clinton only very narrowly won the <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Democratic_caucuses,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa Democratic caucuses, 2016">Iowa Democratic caucuses</a>, held February 1, over an increasingly popular Sanders<a href="#cite_note-whotv.com-423">[411]</a><a href="#cite_note-424">[412]</a> — the first woman to win them.<a href="#cite_note-whotv.com-423">[411]</a> In the first primary, <a href="/wiki/2016_New_Hampshire_Democratic_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 New Hampshire Democratic primary">held in New Hampshire</a> on February 9, she lost to Sanders by a wide margin.<a href="#cite_note-425">[413]</a> Sanders was an increasing threat in the next contest, the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_in_Nevada#Democratic_caucuses" title="2016 United States presidential election in Nevada">Nevada caucuses</a> on February 20,<a href="#cite_note-pol-saved-426">[414]</a> but Clinton managed a five-percentage-point win, aided by final-days campaigning among casino workers.<a href="#cite_note-427">[415]</a> Clinton followed that with a lopsided victory in the <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_in_South_Carolina#Democratic_primary" title="2016 United States presidential election in South Carolina">South Carolina primary</a> on February 27.<a href="#cite_note-pol-saved-426">[414]</a> These two victories stabilized her campaign and showed an avoidance of the management turmoil that harmed her 2008 effort.<a href="#cite_note-pol-saved-426">[414]</a> On March 1 <a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Super Tuesday 2016">Super Tuesday</a>, Clinton won 7 of 11 contests, including a string of dominating victories across the South buoyed, as in South Carolina, by African-American voters. She opened up a significant lead in pledged delegates over Sanders.<a href="#cite_note-428">[416]</a> She maintained this delegate lead across subsequent contests during the primary season, with a consistent pattern throughout. Sanders did better among younger, whiter, more rural and more liberal voters and states that held caucuses or where <a href="/wiki/Open_primaries_in_the_United_States" title="Open primaries in the United States">eligibility was open</a> to independents. Clinton did better among older, black and Hispanic voter populations, and in states that held primaries or where eligibility was restricted to registered Democrats.<a href="#cite_note-429">[417]</a><a href="#cite_note-430">[418]</a><a href="#cite_note-431">[419]</a> By June 5, 2016, she had earned enough pledged delegates and supportive superdelegates for the media to consider her the presumptive nominee.<a href="#cite_note-presumptive-432">[420]</a> On June 7, after winning most of the states in the final major round of primaries, Clinton held a victory rally in Brooklyn becoming the first woman to claim the status of presumptive nominee for a major American political party.<a href="#cite_note-signal-433">[421]</a> By campaign's end, Clinton had won 2,219 pledged delegates to Sanders' 1,832; with an estimated 594 superdelegates compared to Sanders' 47.<a href="#cite_note-434">[422]</a> She received almost 17 million votes during the nominating process, as opposed to Sanders' 13 million.<a href="#cite_note-435">[423]</a> Clinton was formally nominated at the <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 Democratic National Convention</a> in Philadelphia on July 26, 2016, becoming the first woman to be nominated for president by a major U.S. political party.<a href="#cite_note-436">[424]</a> Her choice of vice presidential <a href="/wiki/Running_mate" title="Running mate">running mate</a>, Senator <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a>, was nominated by the convention the following day.<a href="#cite_note-437">[425]</a> Her opponents in the general election included Republican Donald Trump, <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Gary Johnson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a>. Around the time of the convention, <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> released <a href="/wiki/Podesta_emails" title="Podesta emails">emails</a> that suggested the DNC and the Clinton campaign tilted the primary in Clinton's favor.<a href="#cite_note-438">[426]</a> Clinton held a significant lead in <a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">national polls</a> over Trump throughout most of 2016. In early July, Trump and Clinton were tied in major polls following the FBI's conclusion of its investigation into her emails.<a href="#cite_note-439">[427]</a><a href="#cite_note-440">[428]</a> <a href="/wiki/Director_of_the_Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI Director</a> James Comey concluded Clinton had been "extremely careless" in her handling of classified government material.<a href="#cite_note-441">[429]</a> In late July, Trump gained his first lead over Clinton in major polls following a three to four percentage point <a href="/wiki/Convention_bounce" title="Convention bounce">convention bounce</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</a>. This was in line with the average bounce in conventions since <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a>, although it was toward the low side by historical standards.<a href="#cite_note-442">[430]</a><a href="#cite_note-443">[431]</a><a href="#cite_note-444">[432]</a> Following Clinton's seven percentage point convention bounce at the Democratic National Convention, she regained a significant lead in national polls at the start of August.<a href="#cite_note-445">[433]</a><a href="#cite_note-446">[434]</a> In fall 2016, Clinton and Tim Kaine published <a href="/wiki/Stronger_Together_(book)" title="Stronger Together (book)">Stronger Together</a>, which outlined their vision for the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Chozick-2016-447">[435]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HRC_2016_concession_speech_22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Clinton delivering her concession speech" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/HRC_2016_concession_speech_22.jpg/200px-HRC_2016_concession_speech_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/HRC_2016_concession_speech_22.jpg/300px-HRC_2016_concession_speech_22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/HRC_2016_concession_speech_22.jpg/400px-HRC_2016_concession_speech_22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1351" data-file-height="995" /></a><figcaption>Clinton delivering her concession speech</figcaption></figure> Clinton was defeated by Donald Trump in the November 8, 2016, presidential election.<a href="#cite_note-448">[436]</a> By the early morning hours of November 9, Trump had received 279 projected electoral college votes, with 270 needed to win; media sources proclaimed him the winner.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes:Clinton_vs._Trump:_Voters_Have_Their_Say_on_Election_Day-449">[437]</a> Clinton then phoned Trump to concede and to congratulate him on his victory, whereupon Trump gave his victory speech.<a href="#cite_note-Huffington_Post:_Clinton_Delays_Concession_Speech_As_Trump_Seizes_Victory-450">[438]</a> The next morning Clinton made a public concession speech in which she acknowledged the pain of her loss, but called on her supporters to accept Trump as their next president, saying: "We owe him an open mind and a chance to lead."<a href="#cite_note-451">[439]</a> Though Clinton lost the election by capturing only 232 electoral votes to Trump's 306, she won the popular vote by more than 2.8 million votes, or 2.1% of the voter base.<a href="#cite_note-452">[440]</a><a href="#cite_note-453">[441]</a> She is the fifth presidential candidate in U.S. history to win the popular vote but lose the election.<a href="#cite_note-454">[m]</a><a href="#cite_note-455">[442]</a><a href="#cite_note-456">[443]</a> She won the most votes of any candidate who did not take office and the third-most votes of any candidate in history,<a href="#cite_note-TheNation_VoteTally-457">[444]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNN_VoteTally-458">[445]</a> though she did not have the greatest percentage win of a losing candidate. (<a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> won the popular vote by 10.4% but lost to <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a>.)<a href="#cite_note-459">[446]</a> On December 19, 2016, when electors formally voted, Clinton lost five of her initial 232 votes due to <a href="/wiki/Faithless_electors_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Faithless electors in the 2016 United States presidential election">faithless electors</a>, with three of her <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> votes being cast instead for <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a>, one being cast for <a href="/wiki/Faith_Spotted_Eagle" title="Faith Spotted Eagle">Faith Spotted Eagle</a>, and one in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a> being cast for Bernie Sanders.<a href="#cite_note-nytimestrackingtheelectoralcollegevote2-460">[447]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post–2016_election_activities">Post–2016 election activities</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Activities_of_Hillary_Clinton_subsequent_to_2016" title="Activities of Hillary Clinton subsequent to 2016">Activities of Hillary Clinton subsequent to 2016</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_and_Hillary_Clinton_at_58th_Inauguration_01-20-17_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Clintons sitting and smiling" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bill_and_Hillary_Clinton_at_58th_Inauguration_01-20-17_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Bill_and_Hillary_Clinton_at_58th_Inauguration_01-20-17_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bill_and_Hillary_Clinton_at_58th_Inauguration_01-20-17_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Bill_and_Hillary_Clinton_at_58th_Inauguration_01-20-17_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Bill_and_Hillary_Clinton_at_58th_Inauguration_01-20-17_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Bill_and_Hillary_Clinton_at_58th_Inauguration_01-20-17_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1618" data-file-height="1271" /></a><figcaption>The Clintons at Trump's inauguration in 2017</figcaption></figure> Clinton maintained a low profile in the months following her defeat in the 2016 presidential election.<a href="#cite_note-461">[448]</a> She frequently engaged in nature walks in Chappaqua, with various sightings of Clinton circulating on social media.<a href="#cite_note-462">[449]</a> On January 20, 2017, she attended the <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">inauguration of Donald Trump</a>.<a href="#cite_note-463">[450]</a> On her decision to attend, Clinton stated: "I'm here today to honor our democracy & its enduring values, I will never stop believing in our country & its future."<a href="#cite_note-464">[451]</a> Clinton also began work on a book of personal essays, in which she would reflect on her defeat in the election.<a href="#cite_note-465">[452]</a> The book, <a href="/wiki/What_Happened_(Clinton_book)" title="What Happened (Clinton book)">What Happened</a>, was released on September 12, 2017, alongside a <a href="/wiki/Picture_book" title="Picture book">picture book</a> adaption of It Takes a Village.<a href="#cite_note-466">[453]</a><a href="#cite_note-467">[454]</a> Clinton delivered a <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Patrick's Day">St. Patrick's Day</a> speech in <a href="/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania" title="Scranton, Pennsylvania">Scranton, Pennsylvania</a>, on March 17, 2017. In it, alluding to reports that she had been seen taking walks in the woods around Chappaqua following her loss in the presidential election,<a href="#cite_note-woods-468">[455]</a><a href="#cite_note-469">[456]</a> Clinton indicated her readiness to emerge from "the woods" and become politically active again.<a href="#cite_note-woods-468">[455]</a> However, the following month she confirmed she would not seek public office again.<a href="#cite_note-470">[457]</a> She reiterated her comments in March 2019 and stated she would not run for president <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States presidential campaign">in 2020</a>.<a href="#cite_note-471">[458]</a> In May 2017, Clinton announced the formation of <a href="/wiki/Onward_Together" title="Onward Together">Onward Together</a>, a new political action committee that she wrote is "dedicated to advancing the progressive vision that earned nearly 66 million votes in the last election".<a href="#cite_note-472">[459]</a> Clinton has also made occasional comments on political issues in the time since losing her presidential campaign,<a href="#cite_note-473">[460]</a> and authored several <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">op-eds</a>.<a href="#cite_note-474">[461]</a><a href="#cite_note-475">[462]</a><a href="#cite_note-476">[463]</a> On April 28, 2020, Clinton endorsed the presumptive Democratic nominee, former Vice President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, for president in the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 election</a><a href="#cite_note-477">[464]</a> and she addressed the <a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">2020 Democratic National Convention</a> in August.<a href="#cite_note-478">[465]</a> On July 21, 2024, Clinton endorsed <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> for president in the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024 election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-479">[466]</a> On 19 August 2024, Clinton spoke at the <a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">2024 Democratic National Convention</a>. In her speech, she referenced the <a href="/wiki/Prosecution_of_Donald_Trump_in_New_York" title="Prosecution of Donald Trump in New York">34 felony convictions</a> of Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump, prompting chants of "Lock him up!" from the crowd in an ironic reference to Trump's own chants of "Lock her up!" in reference to Clinton's email scandal during his 2016 campaign.<a href="#cite_note-480">[467]</a> Since the election, Clinton has released several books. Clinton and her daughter Chelsea co-authored 2019's <a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Gutsy_Women" title="The Book of Gutsy Women">The Book of Gutsy Women</a> and 2020's Grandma's Gardens.<a href="#cite_note-Simon_&_Schuster-481">[468]</a> On October 12, 2021, Clinton co-authored the fiction novel <a href="/wiki/State_of_Terror" title="State of Terror">State of Terror</a> with <a href="/wiki/Louise_Penny" title="Louise Penny">Louise Penny</a>.<a href="#cite_note-482">[469]</a> Clinton is set to release another memoir, Something Lost, Something Gained, on September 17, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-483">[470]</a> Clinton has also been involved in a number of media ventures. Clinton collaborated with director <a href="/wiki/Nanette_Burstein" title="Nanette Burstein">Nanette Burstein</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Documentary_film" title="Documentary film">documentary film</a> <a href="/wiki/Hillary_(film)" title="Hillary (film)">Hillary</a>, which was released on <a href="/wiki/Hulu" title="Hulu">Hulu</a> in March 2020.<a href="#cite_note-484">[471]</a> On September 29, 2020, Clinton launched an interview <a href="/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">podcast</a> in collaboration with <a href="/wiki/IHeartRadio" title="IHeartRadio">iHeartRadio</a> titled You and Me Both.<a href="#cite_note-485">[472]</a> She has also produced television series, so far being a producer on the <a href="/wiki/Apple_TV%2B" title="Apple TV+">Apple TV+</a> series Gutsy<a href="#cite_note-486">[473]</a> and the upcoming <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a> adaption of <a href="/wiki/The_Woman%27s_Hour" title="The Woman's Hour">The Woman's Hour</a>.<a href="#cite_note-487">[474]</a> On January 2, 2020, it was announced that Clinton would take up the position of <a href="/wiki/Chancellor_(education)" title="Chancellor (education)">Chancellor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="Queen's University Belfast">Queen's University Belfast</a>. Clinton became the 11th and first female chancellor of the university, filling the position that had been vacant since 2018 after the death of her predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Moran_(businessman)" title="Thomas J. Moran (businessman)">Thomas J. Moran</a>.<a href="#cite_note-488">[475]</a><a href="#cite_note-489">[476]</a> In January 2023, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a> announced that Clinton would join the university as professor of practice at the <a href="/wiki/School_of_International_and_Public_Affairs,_Columbia_University" class="mw-redirect" title="School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University">School of International and Public Affairs</a> and as a presidential fellow at Columbia World Projects.<a href="#cite_note-490">[477]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_positions">Political positions</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Political positions of Hillary Clinton">Political positions of Hillary Clinton</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Clinton_Meets_With_King_Abdullah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of Secretary of State Clinton meeting with King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia. She is seated on the left, he is on the right. Their interpreters are in the background." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Secretary_Clinton_Meets_With_King_Abdullah.jpg/220px-Secretary_Clinton_Meets_With_King_Abdullah.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Secretary_Clinton_Meets_With_King_Abdullah.jpg/330px-Secretary_Clinton_Meets_With_King_Abdullah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Secretary_Clinton_Meets_With_King_Abdullah.jpg/440px-Secretary_Clinton_Meets_With_King_Abdullah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Clinton with King <a href="/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Abdullah of Saudi Arabia">Abdullah of Saudi Arabia</a>. Clinton supports maintaining U.S. influence in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_policy_in_the_Middle_East" title="United States foreign policy in the Middle East">Middle East</a>.</figcaption></figure> Using her Senate votes, several organizations have attempted to measure Clinton's place on the <a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">political spectrum</a> scientifically. <a href="/wiki/National_Journal" title="National Journal">National Journal</a>'s 2004 study of roll-call votes assigned Clinton a rating of 30 on the political spectrum, relative to the Senate at the time, with a rating of 1 being most liberal and 100 being most conservative.<a href="#cite_note-491">[478]</a> National Journal's subsequent rankings placed her as the 32nd-most liberal senator in 2006 and 16th-most liberal senator in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-492">[479]</a> A 2004 analysis by political scientists Joshua D. Clinton of <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> and Simon Jackman and Doug Rivers of <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> found her likely to be the sixth-to-eighth-most liberal senator.<a href="#cite_note-493">[480]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Almanac_of_American_Politics" title="The Almanac of American Politics">The Almanac of American Politics</a>, edited by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Barone_(pundit)" title="Michael Barone (pundit)">Michael Barone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Cohen" title="Richard E. Cohen">Richard E. Cohen</a>, rated her votes from 2003 through 2006 as liberal on economics, social issues, and foreign policy.<a href="#cite_note-494">[n]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/FiveThirtyEight" title="FiveThirtyEight">FiveThirtyEight</a>'s measure of political ideology, "Clinton was one of the most liberal members during her time in the Senate."<a href="#cite_note-495">[481]</a> Organizations have also attempted to provide more recent assessments of Clinton after she reentered elective politics in 2015. Based on her stated positions from the 1990s to the present, <a href="/wiki/On_the_Issues" title="On the Issues">On the Issues</a> places her in the "Left Liberal" region on their two-dimensional grid of social and economic ideologies, with a social score of 80 on a scale of zero more-restrictive to 100 less-government stances, with an economic score of ten on a scale of zero more-restrictive to 100 less-government stances.<a href="#cite_note-496">[482]</a> <a href="/wiki/Crowdpac" title="Crowdpac">Crowdpac</a>, which does a data aggregation of campaign contributions, votes and speeches, gives her a 6.5L rating on a one-dimensional left-right scale from 10L (most liberal) to 10C (most conservative).<a href="#cite_note-497">[483]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economics">Economics</h3></div> In March 2016, Clinton laid out a detailed economic plan, which The New York Times called "optimistic" and "wide-ranging". Basing her economic philosophy on <a href="/wiki/Inclusive_capitalism" title="Inclusive capitalism">inclusive capitalism</a>, Clinton proposed a "clawback" that would rescind tax relief and other benefits for companies that move jobs overseas; providing incentives for companies that share profits with employees, communities and the environment, rather than focusing on short-term profits to increase stock value and rewarding shareholders; increasing collective bargaining rights; and placing an "exit tax" on companies that move their headquarters out of America to pay a lower tax rate overseas.<a href="#cite_note-498">[484]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_policy">Domestic policy</h3></div> Clinton accepts the <a href="/wiki/Scientific_consensus_on_climate_change" title="Scientific consensus on climate change">scientific consensus on climate change</a> and supports <a href="/wiki/Cap-and-trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap-and-trade">cap-and-trade</a>,<a href="#cite_note-499">[485]</a> and opposed the <a href="/wiki/Keystone_XL_pipeline" class="mw-redirect" title="Keystone XL pipeline">Keystone XL pipeline</a>.<a href="#cite_note-500">[486]</a> She supported "equal pay for equal work", to address current shortfalls in how much women are paid to do the same jobs men do.<a href="#cite_note-501">[487]</a> Clinton has explicitly focused on family issues and supports universal preschool.<a href="#cite_note-AP_outset-502">[488]</a> These programs would be funded by proposing tax increases on the wealthy, including a "fair share surcharge".<a href="#cite_note-503">[489]</a> Clinton supported the Affordable Care Act<a href="#cite_note-504">[490]</a> and would have added a "<a href="/wiki/Public_option" class="mw-redirect" title="Public option">public option</a>" that competed with private insurers and enabled people "50 or 55 and up" to buy into Medicare.<a href="#cite_note-505">[491]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rappeport-2016-506">[492]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="LGBT_rights">LGBT rights</h3></div> Clinton supports the right to <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Same-sex marriage in the United States">same-sex marriage</a>, a position that has developed throughout her political career.<a href="#cite_note-AP_outset-502">[488]</a> In 2000, she was against such marriages altogether. In 2006, she said only that she would support a state's decision to permit same-sex marriages, but opposed federally amending the Constitution to permit same-sex marriage. While running for president in 2007, she again reiterated her opposition to same-sex marriage, although she expressed her support of civil unions.<a href="#cite_note-507">[493]</a><a href="#cite_note-SameSexEvolve-508">[494]</a> 2013 marked the first time that Clinton expressed support for a national right to same-sex marriage.<a href="#cite_note-SameSexEvolve-508">[494]</a> In 2016, she was the first major-party presidential candidate ever to write an op-ed for an LGBT newspaper, the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Gay_News" title="Philadelphia Gay News">Philadelphia Gay News</a>.<a href="#cite_note-509">[495]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Immigration">Immigration</h3></div> Clinton held that allowing <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">undocumented immigrants</a> to have a path to citizenship "[i]s at its heart a family issue",<a href="#cite_note-510">[496]</a> and expressed support for Obama's <a href="/wiki/Deferred_Action_for_Parental_Accountability" class="mw-redirect" title="Deferred Action for Parental Accountability">Deferred Action for Parental Accountability</a> (DAPA) program, which would allow up to five million undocumented immigrants to gain deferral of deportation and authorization to legally work in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-511">[497]</a><a href="#cite_note-512">[498]</a> However, in 2014, Clinton stated that <a href="/wiki/2014_American_immigration_crisis" title="2014 American immigration crisis">unaccompanied children crossing the border</a> "should be sent back."<a href="#cite_note-513">[499]</a> She opposed and criticized Trump's call to temporarily ban <a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Muslims</a> from entering the United States.<a href="#cite_note-ban-514">[500]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3></div> On foreign affairs, Clinton voted in favor of the <a href="/wiki/Authorization_for_Use_of_Military_Force_Against_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq">Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq</a> in October 2002,<a href="#cite_note-515">[501]</a> a vote she later said she regretted.<a href="#cite_note-516">[502]</a> She favored arming <a href="/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War">Syria's rebel fighters</a> in 2012 and has called for the removal of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad.<a href="#cite_note-517">[503]</a> She supported the <a href="/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">NATO bombing of Yugoslavia</a> in 1999 and the NATO-led military intervention in Libya to oust former Libyan leader <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a> in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-518">[504]</a><a href="#cite_note-519">[505]</a> Clinton is in favor of maintaining <a href="/wiki/United_States_foreign_policy_in_the_Middle_East" title="United States foreign policy in the Middle East">American influence in the Middle East</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ban-514">[500]</a> She has told the <a href="/wiki/American_Israel_Public_Affairs_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="American Israel Public Affairs Committee">American Israel Public Affairs Committee</a>, "America can't ever be neutral when it comes to Israel's security and survival."<a href="#cite_note-520">[506]</a> Clinton expressed support for Israel's right to defend itself during the <a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War" title="2006 Lebanon War">2006 Lebanon War</a> and <a href="/wiki/2014_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Israel–Gaza conflict">2014 Israel–Gaza conflict</a>.<a href="#cite_note-521">[507]</a><a href="#cite_note-522">[508]</a> In a 2017 interview, after a <a href="/wiki/Douma_chemical_attack" title="Douma chemical attack">poison gas attack in Syria</a>, Clinton said that she had favored more aggressive action against <a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a>: "I think we should have been more willing to confront Assad. I really believe we should have and still should take out his air fields and prevent him from being able to use them to bomb innocent people and drop sarin gas on them."<a href="#cite_note-Goldberg-523">[509]</a> Clinton opposed a ceasefire in the <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israel–Hamas war">2023 Israel–Hamas war</a>,<a href="#cite_note-524">[510]</a> stating "Remember, there was a ceasefire on October 6, that Hamas broke by their barbaric assault on peaceful civilians."<a href="#cite_note-525">[511]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religious_views">Religious views</h2></div> Clinton has been a lifelong <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a>, and has been part of <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a> congregations throughout her life. She has publicly discussed her Christian faith on several occasions, although seldom while campaigning.<a href="#cite_note-Faith-526">[512]</a><a href="#cite_note-PersonalChrist-527">[513]</a> Professor <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kengor" title="Paul Kengor">Paul Kengor</a>, author of God and Hillary Clinton: A Spiritual Life, has suggested that Clinton's political positions are rooted in her faith. She often expresses a <a href="/wiki/Maxim_(philosophy)" title="Maxim (philosophy)">maxim</a> often attributed to <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>: "Do all the good you can, by all the means you can, in all the ways you can."<a href="#cite_note-Faith-526">[512]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_and_political_image">Cultural and political image</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Public image of Hillary Clinton">Public image of Hillary Clinton</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RoseLawFirmRear2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A three-story, red brick building in Arkansas. The Rose Law Firm is located inside this building. Clinton worked at Rose Law Firm for fifteen years." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/RoseLawFirmRear2008.jpg/220px-RoseLawFirmRear2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/RoseLawFirmRear2008.jpg/330px-RoseLawFirmRear2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/RoseLawFirmRear2008.jpg/440px-RoseLawFirmRear2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Clinton worked at <a href="/wiki/Rose_Law_Firm" title="Rose Law Firm">Rose Law Firm</a> for fifteen years. Her professional career and political involvement set the stage for public reaction to her as the first lady.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Bibliography of Hillary Clinton">Over a hundred books and scholarly works have been written about Clinton</a>. A 2006 survey by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Observer" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Observer">New York Observer</a> found "a virtual cottage industry" of "anti-Clinton literature" put out by <a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a> and other conservative imprints. Some titles include <a href="/wiki/Madame_Hillary:_The_Dark_Road_to_the_White_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame Hillary: The Dark Road to the White House">Madame Hillary: The Dark Road to the White House</a>, Hillary's Scheme: Inside the Next Clinton's Ruthless Agenda to Take the White House and Can She Be Stopped?: Hillary Clinton Will Be the Next President of the United States Unless ... Books praising Clinton did not sell nearly as well<a href="#cite_note-obs031206-528">[514]</a> (other than her memoirs and those of her husband). When she ran for Senate in 2000, several fundraising groups such as Save Our Senate and the Emergency Committee to Stop Hillary Rodham Clinton sprang up to oppose her.<a href="#cite_note-529">[515]</a> Don Van Natta found that Republican and conservative groups viewed her as a reliable "<a href="/wiki/Bogeyman" title="Bogeyman">bogeyman</a>" to mention in fundraising letters, on a par with Ted Kennedy, and the equivalent of Democratic and liberal appeals mentioning <a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyt071099-530">[516]</a> Clinton has also been featured in the media and popular culture in a wide spectrum of perspectives. In 1995, writer <a href="/wiki/Todd_S._Purdum" title="Todd S. Purdum">Todd S. Purdum</a> of The New York Times characterized Clinton as a <a href="/wiki/Rorschach_test" title="Rorschach test">Rorschach test</a>,<a href="#cite_note-531">[517]</a> an assessment echoed at the time by feminist writer and activist <a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a>, who said, "Coverage of Hillary Clinton is a massive Rorschach test of the evolution of women in our society."<a href="#cite_note-khj1-532">[518]</a> She has been the subject of many <a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Hillary Clinton">satirical impressions on Saturday Night Live</a>, beginning with her time as the first lady. She has made guest appearances on the show herself, in 2008 and in 2015, to face-off with her <a href="/wiki/Doppelg%C3%A4nger" title="Doppelgänger">doppelgängers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-533">[519]</a><a href="#cite_note-534">[520]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hillary_Clinton_April_2015_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Hillary Clinton dressed in a black suit and a green shirt, sitting in a café. She is smiling, and a red teacup is situated in front of her. The foreground is distorted due to the presence of various small objects." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hillary_Clinton_April_2015_%281%29.jpg/220px-Hillary_Clinton_April_2015_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hillary_Clinton_April_2015_%281%29.jpg/330px-Hillary_Clinton_April_2015_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hillary_Clinton_April_2015_%281%29.jpg/440px-Hillary_Clinton_April_2015_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4026" data-file-height="3346" /></a><figcaption>Clinton in 2015</figcaption></figure> She has often been described in the popular media as a <a href="/wiki/Polarization_(politics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polarization (politics)">polarizing</a> figure, though some argue otherwise.<a href="#cite_note-535">[521]</a> In the early stages of her 2008 presidential campaign, a Time magazine cover showed a large picture of her with two <a href="/wiki/Checkbox" title="Checkbox">checkboxes</a> labeled "Love Her", "Hate Her".<a href="#cite_note-536">[522]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a> titled its profile of her "Harpy, Hero, Heretic: Hillary".<a href="#cite_note-537">[523]</a> Following Clinton's "choked up moment" and related incidents in the run-up to the January 2008 New Hampshire primary, both The New York Times and <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> found that discussion of gender's role in the campaign had moved into the national political discourse.<a href="#cite_note-nyt011008-538">[524]</a><a href="#cite_note-nw012108-539">[525]</a> Newsweek editor <a href="/wiki/Jon_Meacham" title="Jon Meacham">Jon Meacham</a> summed up the relationship between Clinton and the American public by saying the New Hampshire events, "brought an odd truth to light: though Hillary Rodham Clinton has been on the periphery or in the middle of national life for decades ... she is one of the most recognizable but least understood figures in American politics".<a href="#cite_note-nw012108-539">[525]</a> Once she became secretary of state, Clinton's image seemed to improve dramatically among the American public and become one of a respected world figure.<a href="#cite_note-elle-2012-302">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-pd-pop-540">[526]</a> Her favorability ratings dropped, however, after she left office and began to be viewed in the context of partisan politics once more.<a href="#cite_note-Gallup1214-541">[527]</a> By September 2015, with her 2016 presidential campaign underway and beset by continued reports regarding her private email usage at the State Department, her ratings had slumped to some of her lowest levels ever.<a href="#cite_note-542">[528]</a> In March 2016, she acknowledged that: "I'm not a natural politician, in case you haven't noticed."<a href="#cite_note-543">[529]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Bibliography of Hillary Clinton">Bibliography of Hillary Clinton</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/It_Takes_a_Village" title="It Takes a Village">It Takes a Village</a>: And Other Lessons Children Teach Us by Hillary Rodham Clinton (Simon & Schuster, 1996) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4165-4064-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-4165-4064-4">1-4165-4064-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Socks,_Dear_Buddy" title="Dear Socks, Dear Buddy">Dear Socks, Dear Buddy</a>: Kids' Letters to the First Pets by Hillary Rodham Clinton (Simon & Schuster, 1998) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-85778-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-85778-2">0-684-85778-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Invitation_to_the_White_House" title="An Invitation to the White House">An Invitation to the White House</a>: At Home with History by Hillary Rodham Clinton (Simon & Schuster, 2000) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-85799-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-85799-5">0-684-85799-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_History_(book)" title="Living History (book)">Living History</a> by Hillary Rodham Clinton (Simon & Schuster, 2003) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-2224-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-2224-2">978-0-7432-2224-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Choices" title="Hard Choices">Hard Choices</a> by Hillary Rodham Clinton (Simon & Schuster, 2014) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4767-5144-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4767-5144-3">978-1-4767-5144-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stronger_Together_(book)" title="Stronger Together (book)">Stronger Together</a>: A Blueprint for America's Future by Hillary Rodham Clinton, Tim Kaine (Simon & Schuster, 2016) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6173-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-6173-5">978-1-5011-6173-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/What_Happened_(Clinton_book)" title="What Happened (Clinton book)">What Happened</a> by Hillary Rodham Clinton (Simon & Schuster, 2017) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-7556-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5011-7556-5">978-1-5011-7556-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Gutsy_Women" title="The Book of Gutsy Women">The Book of Gutsy Women</a>: Favorite Stories of Courage and Resilience by Hillary Rodham Clinton, Chelsea Clinton (Simon & Schuster, 2019) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-5011-7841-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-5011-7841-5">1-5011-7841-5</a></li> <li>Grandma's Gardens by Hillary Rodham Clinton, Chelsea Clinton (Philomel Books, 2020) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-5931-1535-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-5931-1535-0">978-0-5931-1535-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Terror" title="State of Terror">State of Terror</a> by Hillary Rodham Clinton, Louise Penny (Simon & Schuster, St. Martin's Press, 2021) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-7367-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-9821-7367-8">978-1-9821-7367-8</a></li> <li>Something Lost, Something Gained: Reflections on Life, Love, and Liberty by Hillary Rodham Clinton (Simon & Schuster, 2024) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-6680-1723-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-6680-1723-4">978-1-6680-1723-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry">Ancestry</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60%;width:60%;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:60%">Ancestry of Hillary Clinton<a href="#cite_note-nehgs-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-544">[530]</a></th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. Jonathan Rodham (1843–1917) Holmside, Co. Durham, England</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. Hugh Rodham (1879–1965) <a href="/wiki/West_Kyo" title="West Kyo">West Kyo</a>, Co. Durham, England</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. Isabella Simpson Bell (1849–1917) Annfield Plain, Co. Durham, England</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Rodham_(born_1911)" title="Hugh Rodham (born 1911)">Hugh Ellsworth Rodham</a> (1911–1993) <a href="/wiki/Scranton,_Pennsylvania" title="Scranton, Pennsylvania">Scranton, Pennsylvania</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">10. John Jones (1836–?) Wales</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. Hannah Jones (1882–1952) Scranton, Pennsylvania</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">11. Mary (1839–?) Wales</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. Hillary Diane Rodham (born 1947) Chicago, Illinois</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">12. Edwin John Howell (1867–1941) Bristol, England</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">6. Edwin John Howell Jr. (1897–1946) <a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Illinois" title="Elgin, Illinois">Elgin, Illinois</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">13. Emma Josephine Monk (1874–1940) Canada</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Howell_Rodham" title="Dorothy Howell Rodham">Dorothy Emma Howell</a> (1919–2011) Chicago, Illinois</td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">14. Daniel Murray (1859–?) Ontario, Canada</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">7. Della Murray (1902–1960) <a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Illinois" title="Aurora, Illinois">Aurora, Illinois</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">15. Delia Martin (1861–?) Lake Superior, Michigan</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_timeline" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 United States presidential election timeline">2016 United States presidential election timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates">Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Electoral history of Hillary Clinton">Electoral history of Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_United_States_Cabinet_members" title="List of female United States Cabinet members">List of female United States Cabinet members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Women in the United States Senate">Women in the United States Senate</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Research by <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Sun" title="The New York Sun">The New York Sun</a> in 2007 found it unclear exactly which cases beyond child custody ones Rodham worked on at the Treuhaft firm.<a href="#cite_note-nys-rad-51">[51]</a> Anti-Clinton writers such as <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Olson" title="Barbara Olson">Barbara Olson</a> would later charge Hillary Clinton with never repudiating Treuhaft's ideology, and for retaining social and political ties with his wife and fellow communist <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Mitford" title="Jessica Mitford">Jessica Mitford</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Further Sun research revealed that Mitford and Hillary Clinton were not close, and had a falling-out over a 1980 Arkansas prisoner case.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> For the start date, see Brock 1996, p. 96. Secondary sources give inconsistent dates as to when her time as chair ended. Primary sources indicate that between about April 1980 and September 1980, Rodham was replaced as chair by <a href="/wiki/F._William_McCalpin" title="F. William McCalpin">F. William McCalpin</a>. See Departments of State, Justice, and Commerce, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1981, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KWRBPOdZCdAC&pg=PA145">House Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Departments of State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations</a>", U.S. House of Representatives, 1980. Rodham is still chair after having given birth "a few weeks ago"; Chelsea Clinton was born on February 27, 1980. </li> <li id="cite_note-ex04-105">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ex04_105-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ex04_105-1">b</a> As of 1993, she had not legally changed her name from Hillary Rodham.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-name-93-100">[98]</a> Bill Clinton's advisers thought her use of her maiden name to be one of the reasons for his 1980 gubernatorial re-election loss. During the following winter, <a href="/wiki/Vernon_Jordan" title="Vernon Jordan">Vernon Jordan</a> suggested to Hillary Rodham that she start using the name Clinton, and she began to do so publicly with her husband's February 1982 campaign announcement to regain that office. She later wrote, "I learned the hard way that some voters in Arkansas were seriously offended by the fact that I kept my maiden name."<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> Once he was elected again, she made a point of using "Hillary Rodham Clinton" in work she did as First Lady of the state.<a href="#cite_note-pol-edu-83-78">[77]</a> Once she became first lady of the United States in 1993, she publicly stated that she wanted to be known as "Hillary Rodham Clinton".<a href="#cite_note-nyt-name-93-100">[98]</a> She has authored all her books under that name and she has continued to use that name on her website and elsewhere when becoming a U.S. senator.<a href="#cite_note-bg-name-07-102">[100]</a> When running for president during 2007–2008, she used the name "Hillary Clinton" or just "Hillary" in campaign materials.<a href="#cite_note-bg-name-07-102">[100]</a> She used "Hillary Rodham Clinton" again in official materials as secretary of state.<a href="#cite_note-npr-name-15-103">[101]</a> As of the 2015 launch of her second presidential campaign, she again switched to using "Hillary Clinton" in campaign materials;<a href="#cite_note-npr-name-15-103">[101]</a> in November 2015 both the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> and The New York Times noted that they would no longer use "Rodham" in referring to Clinton, with the Times stating that "the Clinton campaign confirmed ... that Mrs. Clinton prefers to be simply, 'Hillary Clinton'".<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Clinton said in the joint 60 Minutes interview, "I'm not sitting here as some little woman 'standing by my man' like Tammy Wynette. I'm sitting here because I love him and I respect him, and I honor what he's been through and what we've been through together." The seemingly sneering reference to <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> provoked immediate criticism that Clinton was culturally tone-deaf, and Wynette herself did not like the remark because "Stand by Your Man" is not written in the first person.<a href="#cite_note-128">[125]</a> Wynette added that Clinton had "offended every true country music fan and every person who has "made it on their own" with no one to take them to a White House".<a href="#cite_note-129">[126]</a> A few days later, on <a href="/wiki/Primetime_(U.S._TV_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="Primetime (U.S. TV program)">Primetime Live</a>, Clinton apologized to Wynette. Clinton would later write that she had been careless in her choice of words and that "the fallout from my reference to Tammy Wynette was instant—as it deserved to be—and brutal".<a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a> The two women later resolved their differences, with Wynette appearing at a Clinton fundraiser. </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Less than two months after the Wynette remarks, Clinton was facing questions about whether she could have avoided possible conflicts of interest between her governor husband and work given to the Rose Law Firm when she remarked, "I've done the best I can to lead my life ... You know, I suppose I could have stayed home and baked cookies and had teas, but what I decided to do was fulfill my profession, which I entered before my husband was in public life."<a href="#cite_note-lh-109-132">[128]</a> The "cookies and teas" part of this statement prompted even more culture-based criticism of Clinton's apparent distaste for women who had chosen to be homemakers; the remark became a recurring campaign liability.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein2007205–06-133">[129]</a> Clinton subsequently offered up some cookie recipes as a way of making amends and would later write of her chagrin: "Besides, I've done quite a lot of cookie baking in my life, and tea-pouring too!"<a href="#cite_note-lh-109-132">[128]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> Clinton was referring to the <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Project" title="Arkansas Project">Arkansas Project</a> and its funder <a href="/wiki/Richard_Mellon_Scaife" title="Richard Mellon Scaife">Richard Mellon Scaife</a>, Kenneth Starr's connections to Scaife, <a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a> and its connections to <a href="/wiki/Lucianne_Goldberg" title="Lucianne Goldberg">Lucianne Goldberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linda_Tripp" title="Linda Tripp">Linda Tripp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell" title="Jerry Falwell">Jerry Falwell</a>, and others.<a href="#cite_note-187">[182]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> General <a href="/wiki/Jack_Keane" title="Jack Keane">Jack Keane</a>, one of the architects of the surge, later related that he tried to convince Clinton of its merits at the time, but that she felt it would not succeed and that U.S. casualties would be too high. Keane said that sometime during 2008 she told him, "You were right, this really did work".<a href="#cite_note-landler-nytm-226">[220]</a> In 2014, Secretary of Defense Gates related that after Clinton had left the Senate and become Secretary of State, she told President Obama that her opposition to the 2007 Iraq surge had been political, due to her facing a strong challenge from the anti-Iraq War Obama in the upcoming Democratic presidential primary. Gates also quotes Clinton as saying, "The Iraq surge worked."<a href="#cite_note-247">[241]</a> Clinton responded that Gates had misinterpreted her remark regarding the reason for her opposition.<a href="#cite_note-landler-nytm-226">[220]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> When asked for her reaction to an Obama remark about the possibility that his campaign represented false hope, Clinton responded: "I would point to the fact that Dr. King's dream began to be realized when President Johnson passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, when he was able to get through Congress something that President Kennedy was hopeful to do, the President before had not even tried, but it took a president to get it done. That dream became a reality, the power of that dream became real in people's lives because we had a president who said we are going to do it, and actually got it accomplished."<a href="#cite_note-nyt-tamp-270">[263]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2008/president/democratic_vote_count.html">"2008 Democratic Popular Vote"</a>. <a href="/wiki/RealClearPolitics" title="RealClearPolitics">RealClearPolitics</a>. Retrieved July 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2008+Democratic+Popular+Vote&rft.pub=RealClearPolitics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.realclearpolitics.com%2Fepolls%2F2008%2Fpresident%2Fdemocratic_vote_count.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> The popular vote count for a nomination process is unofficial, and meaningless in determining the nominee. It is difficult to come up with precise totals due to some caucus states not reporting popular vote totals and thus having to be estimated. It is also difficult to compare Clinton and Obama's totals, due to only her name having been on the ballot in the Michigan primary.<a href="#cite_note-balz-217-282">[274]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-352"><a href="#cite_ref-352">^</a> While generally experiencing good health in her life, Clinton had previously had a potentially serious blood clot behind her knee (a <a href="/wiki/Deep_vein_thrombosis" title="Deep vein thrombosis">deep vein thrombosis</a>) while first lady in 1998, for which she had required anticoagulant treatment.<a href="#cite_note-348">[339]</a> An elbow fracture and subsequent painful recuperation had caused Clinton to miss two foreign trips as Secretary of State in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenParnes2014139–41-349">[340]</a> It was also disclosed in 2015 that she had a second deep vein thrombosis in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-350">[341]</a> The 2012 concussion and clot episode caused Clinton to postpone her congressional testimony on the <a href="/wiki/Benghazi_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Benghazi attack">Benghazi attack</a> and to miss any foreign trips planned for the rest of her tenure.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-hosp-346">[337]</a> After returning to public activity, she wore special glasses for two months, with a <a href="/wiki/Fresnel_lens" title="Fresnel lens">Fresnel lens</a> for the left eye to compensate for <a href="/wiki/Double_vision" class="mw-redirect" title="Double vision">double vision</a>, a lingering effect of the concussion.<a href="#cite_note-health-2015-347">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-351">[342]</a> She remained on anticoagulant medication as a precaution.<a href="#cite_note-health-2015-347">[338]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-361"><a href="#cite_ref-361">^</a> Clinton's 112 countries visited broke <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a>'s previous mark of 96.<a href="#cite_note-359">[349]</a> Clinton's sum of 956,733 air miles traveled, however, fell short of <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a>'s record for mileage.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-amplified-358">[348]</a> That total, 1,059,207, was bolstered late in her tenure by repeated trips to the Middle East.<a href="#cite_note-360">[350]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-excf-409">^ <a href="#cite_ref-excf_409-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-excf_409-1">b</a> During Clinton's tenure there were several cases where foreign governments continued making donations to the Clinton Foundation at the same level they had before Clinton became secretary of state, which was permissible under the agreement forged before she took office. There was one instance of a new donation, $500,000 from Algeria for earthquake relief in Haiti, that was outside the bounds of the continuation provision and should have received a special State Department ethics review but did not.<a href="#cite_note-407">[396]</a> The foundation's new stance as of April 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hillary_Clinton&action=edit">[update]</a> and Clinton's presidential candidacy was to accept foreign governmental donations only from Australia, Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-408">[397]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-454"><a href="#cite_ref-454">^</a> The others were: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> who lost to <a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a>; <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Tilden" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Tilden">Samuel Tilden</a> who lost by one electoral vote to <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B_Hayes" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutherford B Hayes">Rutherford B Hayes</a>; <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> who lost to <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> who lost to <a href="/wiki/George_W_Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="George W Bush">George W Bush</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-494"><a href="#cite_ref-494">^</a> See <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaroneCohen2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Barone_(pundit)" title="Michael Barone (pundit)">Barone, Michael</a>; <a href="/wiki/Richard_E._Cohen" title="Richard E. Cohen">Cohen, Richard E.</a> (2008). <a href="/wiki/The_Almanac_of_American_Politics" title="The Almanac of American Politics">The Almanac of American Politics</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Journal" title="National Journal">National Journal</a>. p. 1126.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Almanac+of+American+Politics&rft.pages=1126&rft.pub=National+Journal&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Barone&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Cohen%2C+Richard+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> And 2006 edition of same, 1152. The scores for individual years are [highest rating 100, format: liberal, (conservative)]: 2003: Economic = 90 (7), Social = 85 (0), Foreign = 79 (14). Average = 85 (7). 2004: Economic = 63 (36), Social = 82 (0), Foreign = 58 (41). Average = 68 (26). 2005: Economic = 84 (15), Social = 83 (10), Foreign = 66 (29). Average = 78 (18). 2006: Economic = 63 (35), Social = 80 (14), Foreign = 62 (35). Average = 68 (28). </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fullname-1"><a href="#cite_ref-fullname_1-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edition.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/candidates/democrat/clinton/hillary.shtml">"Hillary Clinton Bio"</a>. 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See also Bernstein 2007, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200714-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGerthVan_Natta200714_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGerthVan_Natta2007">Gerth & Van Natta 2007</a>, p. 14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBernstein200729Morris1996113-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernstein200729Morris1996113_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBernstein200729Morris1996113_10-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBernstein2007">Bernstein 2007</a>, p. 29; <a href="#CITEREFMorris1996">Morris 1996</a>, p. 113. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2015" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Michelle Ye Hee (November 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/11/30/hillary-clintons-often-told-story-that-nasa-rejected-her-childhood-dream-of-becoming-a-female-astronaut/">"Hillary Clinton's often-told story that NASA rejected her childhood dream of becoming an astronaut"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210215010720/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2015/11/30/hillary-clintons-often-told-story-that-nasa-rejected-her-childhood-dream-of-becoming-a-female-astronaut/">Archived</a> from the original on February 15, 2021. 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May 16, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wellesley.edu/Activities/homepage/gop/history.html">the original</a> on September 3, 2006. Retrieved June 2, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wellesley+College+Republicans%3A+History+and+Purpose&rft.pub=Wellesley+College&rft.date=2007-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wellesley.edu%2FActivities%2Fhomepage%2Fgop%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> Gives organization's prior name. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilton,_Joyce1999" class="citation book cs1">Milton, Joyce (1999). 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On list January 28 through May 26, 1996. At number one February 4, 11 and 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-wapo-prep-179"><a href="#cite_ref-wapo-prep_179-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts,_Roxanne2000" class="citation news cs1">Roberts, Roxanne (October 4, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2000/10/04/white-house-welcome/2be3bfdd-e26b-420b-a7f0-f9df48cc373b/">"White House Welcome"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200818113318/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2000/10/04/white-house-welcome/2be3bfdd-e26b-420b-a7f0-f9df48cc373b/">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2020. 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Retrieved July 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=House+Benghazi+Report+Finds+No+New+Evidence+of+Wrongdoing+by+Hillary+Clinton&rft.date=2016-06-28&rft.au=Herszenhorn%2C+David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F06%2F29%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fhillary-clinton-benghazi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-377"><a href="#cite_ref-377">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTapperDiamond2015" class="citation web cs1">Tapper, Jake; Diamond, Jeremy (October 10, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2015/10/10/politics/benghazi-committee-investigation-political-hillary-clinton-brad-podliska-lawsuit/index.html">"Ex-staffer: Benghazi committee pursuing 'partisan investigation' targeting Hillary Clinton"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240712144109/https://www.cnn.com/2015/10/10/politics/benghazi-committee-investigation-political-hillary-clinton-brad-podliska-lawsuit/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 12, 2024. Retrieved December 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ex-staffer%3A+Benghazi+committee+pursuing+%27partisan+investigation%27+targeting+Hillary+Clinton&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2015-10-10&rft.aulast=Tapper&rft.aufirst=Jake&rft.au=Diamond%2C+Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F10%2F10%2Fpolitics%2Fbenghazi-committee-investigation-political-hillary-clinton-brad-podliska-lawsuit%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-378"><a href="#cite_ref-378">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeigel2015" class="citation news cs1">Weigel, David (September 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/09/30/boehners-likely-successor-credits-benghazi-committee-for-lowering-hillary-clintons-poll-numbers/">"Boehner's likely successor credits Benghazi committee for lowering Hillary Clinton's poll numbers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180108031458/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/09/30/boehners-likely-successor-credits-benghazi-committee-for-lowering-hillary-clintons-poll-numbers/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2018. Retrieved January 21, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Boehner%27s+likely+successor+credits+Benghazi+committee+for+lowering+Hillary+Clinton%27s+poll+numbers&rft.date=2015-09-30&rft.aulast=Weigel&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpost-politics%2Fwp%2F2015%2F09%2F30%2Fboehners-likely-successor-credits-benghazi-committee-for-lowering-hillary-clintons-poll-numbers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-379"><a href="#cite_ref-379">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2015" class="citation web cs1">Allen, Jonathan (October 15, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2015/10/15/9539481/republican-benghazi-committee-designed">"House Republican says Benghazi committee was "designed" to hit Clinton"</a>. Vox. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221220033001/https://www.vox.com/2015/10/15/9539481/republican-benghazi-committee-designed">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2022. Retrieved December 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=House+Republican+says+Benghazi+committee+was+%22designed%22+to+hit+Clinton&rft.date=2015-10-15&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2015%2F10%2F15%2F9539481%2Frepublican-benghazi-committee-designed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ShearSchmidt-380"><a href="#cite_ref-ShearSchmidt_380-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShearSchmidt2015" class="citation news cs1">Shear, Michael D.; Schmidt, Michael S. (October 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/23/us/politics/hillary-clinton-benghazi-committee.html">"Benghazi Panel Engages Clinton in Tense Session"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161116083600/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/23/us/politics/hillary-clinton-benghazi-committee.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Benghazi+Panel+Engages+Clinton+in+Tense+Session&rft.date=2015-10-22&rft.aulast=Shear&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Michael+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F10%2F23%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fhillary-clinton-benghazi-committee.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wapo-nosolid-381"><a href="#cite_ref-wapo-nosolid_381-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFahrentholdViebeck2015" class="citation news cs1">Fahrenthold, David A.; Viebeck, Elise (October 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/clintons-benghazi-testimony-today-has-high-political-stakes-for-both-sides/2015/10/22/beff40d2-7838-11e5-bc80-9091021aeb69_story.html">"GOP lands no solid punches while sparring with Clinton over Benghazi"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180313180407/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/clintons-benghazi-testimony-today-has-high-political-stakes-for-both-sides/2015/10/22/beff40d2-7838-11e5-bc80-9091021aeb69_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=GOP+lands+no+solid+punches+while+sparring+with+Clinton+over+Benghazi&rft.date=2015-10-22&rft.aulast=Fahrenthold&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft.au=Viebeck%2C+Elise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fclintons-benghazi-testimony-today-has-high-political-stakes-for-both-sides%2F2015%2F10%2F22%2Fbeff40d2-7838-11e5-bc80-9091021aeb69_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-382"><a href="#cite_ref-382">^</a> For accounts of Clinton's appearance before the select committee, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGearan,_AnneTumulty,_KarenViebeck,_Elise2015" class="citation news cs1">Gearan, Anne; Tumulty, Karen; Viebeck, Elise (October 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/clinton-back-in-the-benghazi-hot-seat-withstands-republicans-grilling/2015/10/22/3ce69dbe-78e4-11e5-a958-d889faf561dc_story.html">"Clinton, back in the Benghazi hot seat, withstands Republicans' grilling"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170614062435/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/clinton-back-in-the-benghazi-hot-seat-withstands-republicans-grilling/2015/10/22/3ce69dbe-78e4-11e5-a958-d889faf561dc_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Clinton%2C+back+in+the+Benghazi+hot+seat%2C+withstands+Republicans%27+grilling&rft.date=2015-10-22&rft.au=Gearan%2C+Anne&rft.au=Tumulty%2C+Karen&rft.au=Viebeck%2C+Elise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fclinton-back-in-the-benghazi-hot-seat-withstands-republicans-grilling%2F2015%2F10%2F22%2F3ce69dbe-78e4-11e5-a958-d889faf561dc_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988">; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHattern,_JulianParnes,_Amie2015" class="citation news cs1">Hattern, Julian; Parnes, Amie (October 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/257844-clinton-largely-unscathed-by-gop-benghazi-hearing/">"Clinton largely unscathed by GOP Benghazi hearing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Clinton+largely+unscathed+by+GOP+Benghazi+hearing&rft.date=2015-10-22&rft.au=Hattern%2C+Julian&rft.au=Parnes%2C+Amie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Fnational-security%2F257844-clinton-largely-unscathed-by-gop-benghazi-hearing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988">; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBade,_Rachael2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rachael_Bade" title="Rachael Bade">Bade, Rachael</a> (October 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/story/2015/10/trey-gowdy-hillary-clinton-benghazi-215032">"Clinton survives 11-hour Benghazi grilling"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210206102121/https://www.politico.com/story/2015/10/trey-gowdy-hillary-clinton-benghazi-215032">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2021. Retrieved January 26, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Clinton+survives+11-hour+Benghazi+grilling&rft.date=2015-10-22&rft.au=Bade%2C+Rachael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2015%2F10%2Ftrey-gowdy-hillary-clinton-benghazi-215032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988">; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassidy,_John2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Cassidy, John (October 22, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/where-the-benghazi-committee-went-wrong">"Where the Benghazi Committee Went Wrong"</a>. The New Yorker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108170140/http://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/where-the-benghazi-committee-went-wrong">Archived</a> from the original on November 8, 2020. Retrieved July 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Where+the+Benghazi+Committee+Went+Wrong&rft.date=2015-10-22&rft.au=Cassidy%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fjohn-cassidy%2Fwhere-the-benghazi-committee-went-wrong&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988">; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTroyan,_Mary2015" class="citation news cs1">Troyan, Mary (October 23, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2015/10/22/hillary-clinton-benghazi-committee-trey-gowdy/74352358/">"No clear wins for GOP at Benghazi hearing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201106160929/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2015/10/22/hillary-clinton-benghazi-committee-trey-gowdy/74352358/">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=No+clear+wins+for+GOP+at+Benghazi+hearing&rft.date=2015-10-23&rft.au=Troyan%2C+Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2015%2F10%2F22%2Fhillary-clinton-benghazi-committee-trey-gowdy%2F74352358%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988">; and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollinson,_Stephen2015" class="citation news cs1">Collinson, Stephen (October 23, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/22/politics/hillary-clinton-benghazi-hearing-updates/">"Marathon Benghazi hearing leaves Hillary Clinton largely unscathed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160119030320/http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/22/politics/hillary-clinton-benghazi-hearing-updates">Archived</a> from the original on January 19, 2016. Retrieved January 21, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Marathon+Benghazi+hearing+leaves+Hillary+Clinton+largely+unscathed&rft.date=2015-10-23&rft.au=Collinson%2C+Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F10%2F22%2Fpolitics%2Fhillary-clinton-benghazi-hearing-updates%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllenParnes201753–57-383"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllenParnes201753–57_383-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAllenParnes2017">Allen & Parnes 2017</a>, pp. 53–57. </li> <li id="cite_note-384"><a href="#cite_ref-384">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt,_Michael_S.Chozick,_Amy2015" class="citation news cs1">Schmidt, Michael S.; Chozick, Amy (March 3, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/04/us/politics/using-private-email-hillary-clinton-thwarted-record-requests.html">"Using Private Email, Hillary Clinton Thwarted Record Requests"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170227095010/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/04/us/politics/using-private-email-hillary-clinton-thwarted-record-requests.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2017. Retrieved July 12, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Using+Private+Email%2C+Hillary+Clinton+Thwarted+Record+Requests&rft.date=2015-03-03&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Michael+S.&rft.au=Chozick%2C+Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F03%2F04%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fusing-private-email-hillary-clinton-thwarted-record-requests.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wapo-email-385"><a href="#cite_ref-wapo-email_385-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonnig,_Carol_D.Helderman,_Rosalind_S.Gearan,_Anne2015" class="citation news cs1">Leonnig, Carol D.; Helderman, Rosalind S.; Gearan, Anne (March 6, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/state-department-reviewing-whether-clinton-e-mail-violated-security-rules/2015/03/05/16d1547e-c378-11e4-9271-610273846239_story.html">"Clinton email review could find security issues"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180106035253/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/state-department-reviewing-whether-clinton-e-mail-violated-security-rules/2015/03/05/16d1547e-c378-11e4-9271-610273846239_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2018. Retrieved August 29, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Clinton+email+review+could+find+security+issues&rft.date=2015-03-06&rft.au=Leonnig%2C+Carol+D.&rft.au=Helderman%2C+Rosalind+S.&rft.au=Gearan%2C+Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2Fstate-department-reviewing-whether-clinton-e-mail-violated-security-rules%2F2015%2F03%2F05%2F16d1547e-c378-11e4-9271-610273846239_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT72415-386"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT72415_386-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt,_Michael_S.Apuzzo,_Matt2015" class="citation news cs1">Schmidt, Michael S.; Apuzzo, Matt (July 24, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/25/us/politics/hillary-clinton-email-classified-information-inspector-general-intelligence-community.html">"Hillary Clinton Emails Said to Contain Classified Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160521112206/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/25/us/politics/hillary-clinton-email-classified-information-inspector-general-intelligence-community.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 21, 2016. 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Beyond the Double Bind: Women and Leadership. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beyonddoublebind00jami/page/22">22–25</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-508940-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-508940-0"><bdi>978-0-19-508940-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hillary+Clinton+as+Rorschach+Test&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Double+Bind%3A+Women+and+Leadership&rft.pages=22-25&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-19-508940-0&rft.au=Jamieson%2C+Kathleen+Hall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbeyonddoublebind00jami%2Fpage%2F22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-533"><a href="#cite_ref-533">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaftery2015" class="citation magazine cs1">Raftery, Liz (April 30, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tvguide.com/news/snl-hillary-clinton-saturday-night-live-kate-mckinnon-amy-poehler/">"Who Did the Best Hillary Clinton Impression on SNL? 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Retrieved January 24, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Today&rft.atitle=Hillary+Clinton+tends+bar+on+%27Saturday+Night+Live%27+in+political+season+premiere+%28Video%29&rft.date=2015-10-04&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.today.com%2Fpopculture%2Fhillary-clinton-tends-bar-saturday-night-live-political-season-premiere-t48086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-535"><a href="#cite_ref-535">^</a> For sources describing her as a polarizing figure, see Purdum, "The First Lady's Newest Role", op. cit.; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowd,_Maureen1992" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Maureen_Dowd" title="Maureen Dowd">Dowd, Maureen</a> (May 18, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/05/18/us/1992-campaign-candidate-s-wife-hillary-clinton-aspiring-first-lady-role-model.html">"Hillary Clinton as Aspiring First Lady: Role Model, or a 'Hall Monitor' Type?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hillary+Clinton+as+Aspiring+First+Lady%3A+Role+Model%2C+or+a+%27Hall+Monitor%27+Type%3F&rft.date=1992-05-18&rft.au=Dowd%2C+Maureen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F05%2F18%2Fus%2F1992-campaign-candidate-s-wife-hillary-clinton-aspiring-first-lady-role-model.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988">; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivan,_Amy2005" class="citation magazine cs1">Sullivan, Amy (July–August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050714033553/http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2005/0507.sullivan1.html">"Hillary in 2008?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monthly" title="Washington Monthly">Washington Monthly</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2005/0507.sullivan1.html">the original</a> on July 14, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Monthly&rft.atitle=Hillary+in+2008%3F&rft.date=2005-07%2F2005-08&rft.au=Sullivan%2C+Amy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonmonthly.com%2Ffeatures%2F2005%2F0507.sullivan1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988">; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5560786">"Hillary Clinton's Polarizing Force as a Candidate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. July 16, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hillary+Clinton%27s+Polarizing+Force+as+a+Candidate&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2006-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D5560786&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988">; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCox2006" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ana_Marie_Cox" title="Ana Marie Cox">Cox, Ana Marie</a> (August 19, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210215012213/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1229053,00.html">"How Americans View Hillary: Popular but Polarizing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1229053,00.html">the original</a> on February 15, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=How+Americans+View+Hillary%3A+Popular+but+Polarizing&rft.date=2006-08-19&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Ana+Marie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C1229053%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988">; and those referenced in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis,_Lanny2007" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lanny_Davis" title="Lanny Davis">Davis, Lanny</a> (October 10, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/blogs/pundits-blog/presidential-campaign/29820-hillary-clinton-not-polarizing-and-highly-electable/">"Hillary Clinton: Not Polarizing and Highly Electable"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Hillary+Clinton%3A+Not+Polarizing+and+Highly+Electable&rft.date=2007-10-10&rft.au=Davis%2C+Lanny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fblogs%2Fpundits-blog%2Fpresidential-campaign%2F29820-hillary-clinton-not-polarizing-and-highly-electable%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988">. For sources arguing against the notion, see the same Davis piece; and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEstrich,_Susan2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Estrich" title="Susan Estrich">Estrich, Susan</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/caseforhillarycl00susa_0/page/66">The Case for Hillary Clinton</a>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/caseforhillarycl00susa_0/page/66">66–68</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-083988-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-083988-8"><bdi>978-0-06-083988-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Case+for+Hillary+Clinton&rft.pages=66-68&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-06-083988-8&rft.au=Estrich%2C+Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcaseforhillarycl00susa_0%2Fpage%2F66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-536"><a href="#cite_ref-536">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,20060828,00.html">"The Presidential Ambitions of Hillary Clinton"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. August 26, 2006. Retrieved September 27, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=The+Presidential+Ambitions+of+Hillary+Clinton&rft.date=2006-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fcovers%2F0%2C16641%2C20060828%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-537"><a href="#cite_ref-537">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitt,_Jack2007" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Hitt" title="Jack Hitt">Hitt, Jack</a> (January–February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2007/01/harpy-hero-heretic-hillary">"Harpy, Hero, Heretic: Hillary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a>. Retrieved October 7, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mother+Jones&rft.atitle=Harpy%2C+Hero%2C+Heretic%3A+Hillary&rft.date=2007-01%2F2007-02&rft.au=Hitt%2C+Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fpolitics%2F2007%2F01%2Fharpy-hero-heretic-hillary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt011008-538"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt011008_538-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKantor2008" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jodi_Kantor" title="Jodi Kantor">Kantor, Jodi</a> (January 10, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/10/us/politics/10women.html">"Women's Support for Clinton Rises in Wake of Perceived Sexism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Women%27s+Support+for+Clinton+Rises+in+Wake+of+Perceived+Sexism&rft.date=2008-01-10&rft.aulast=Kantor&rft.aufirst=Jodi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F01%2F10%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F10women.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nw012108-539">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nw012108_539-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nw012108_539-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeacham2008" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jon_Meacham" title="Jon Meacham">Meacham, Jon</a> (January 21, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/letting-hillary-be-hillary-86471">"Letting Hillary Be Hillary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Letting+Hillary+Be+Hillary&rft.date=2008-01-21&rft.aulast=Meacham&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fletting-hillary-be-hillary-86471&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pd-pop-540"><a href="#cite_ref-pd-pop_540-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorregrossa,_Luisita_Lopez2010" class="citation web cs1">Torregrossa, Luisita Lopez (October 12, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101014124653/http://www.politicsdaily.com/2010/10/12/hillary-clinton-leads-the-pack-in-bloomberg-popularity-poll/">"Hillary Clinton Leads the Pack in Bloomberg Popularity Poll"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politics_Daily" title="Politics Daily">Politics Daily</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politicsdaily.com/2010/10/12/hillary-clinton-leads-the-pack-in-bloomberg-popularity-poll/">the original</a> on October 14, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politics+Daily&rft.atitle=Hillary+Clinton+Leads+the+Pack+in+Bloomberg+Popularity+Poll&rft.date=2010-10-12&rft.au=Torregrossa%2C+Luisita+Lopez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politicsdaily.com%2F2010%2F10%2F12%2Fhillary-clinton-leads-the-pack-in-bloomberg-popularity-poll%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gallup1214-541"><a href="#cite_ref-Gallup1214_541-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/180365/barack-obama-hillary-clinton-extend-run-admired.aspx">"Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton Extend Run as Most Admired"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Gallup_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup Organization">Gallup Organization</a>. December 29, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barack+Obama%2C+Hillary+Clinton+Extend+Run+as+Most+Admired&rft.pub=Gallup+Organization&rft.date=2014-12-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F180365%2Fbarack-obama-hillary-clinton-extend-run-admired.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-542"><a href="#cite_ref-542">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDugan,_AndrewMcCarthy,_Justin2015" class="citation web cs1">Dugan, Andrew; McCarthy, Justin (September 4, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/185324/hillary-clinton-favorable-rating-one-worst.aspx">"Hillary Clinton's Favorable Rating One of Her Worst"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gallup_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup Organization">Gallup Organization</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hillary+Clinton%27s+Favorable+Rating+One+of+Her+Worst&rft.pub=Gallup+Organization&rft.date=2015-09-04&rft.au=Dugan%2C+Andrew&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+Justin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F185324%2Fhillary-clinton-favorable-rating-one-worst.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-543"><a href="#cite_ref-543">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theweek.com/speedreads/611770/hillary-clinton-not-natural-politician">"Hillary Clinton: 'I am not a natural politician'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Week" title="The Week">The Week</a>. March 9, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Week&rft.atitle=Hillary+Clinton%3A+%27I+am+not+a+natural+politician%27&rft.date=2016-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheweek.com%2Fspeedreads%2F611770%2Fhillary-clinton-not-natural-politician&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-544"><a href="#cite_ref-544">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReitwiesner" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Addams_Reitwiesner" title="William Addams Reitwiesner">Reitwiesner, William Addams</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wargs.com/political/rodham.html">"Ancestry of Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton"</a>. William Addams Reitwiesner Genealogical Services. Retrieved October 12, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ancestry+of+Sen.+Hillary+Rodham+Clinton&rft.pub=William+Addams+Reitwiesner+Genealogical+Services&rft.aulast=Reitwiesner&rft.aufirst=William+Addams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwargs.com%2Fpolitical%2Frodham.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllenParnes2014" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Jonathan; Parnes, Amie (2014). <a href="/wiki/HRC:_State_Secrets_and_the_Rebirth_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="HRC: State Secrets and the Rebirth of Hillary Clinton">HRC: State Secrets and the Rebirth of Hillary Clinton</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Crown_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Publishers">Crown Publishers</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8041-3675-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8041-3675-4"><bdi>978-0-8041-3675-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=HRC%3A+State+Secrets+and+the+Rebirth+of+Hillary+Clinton&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Crown+Publishers&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-8041-3675-4&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Parnes%2C+Amie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllenParnes2017" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Jonathan; Parnes, Amie (April 18, 2017). Shattered: Inside Hillary Clinton's Doomed Campaign. Crown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-44709-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-44709-5"><bdi>978-0-553-44709-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shattered%3A+Inside+Hillary+Clinton%27s+Doomed+Campaign&rft.pub=Crown&rft.date=2017-04-18&rft.isbn=978-0-553-44709-5&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Parnes%2C+Amie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalzJohnson2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dan_Balz" title="Dan Balz">Balz, Dan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Haynes_Johnson" title="Haynes Johnson">Johnson, Haynes</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/battleforamerica00balz_0">The Battle for America, 2008: The Story of an Extraordinary Election</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Viking_Penguin" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking Penguin">Viking Penguin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-02111-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-02111-6"><bdi>978-0-670-02111-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+for+America%2C+2008%3A+The+Story+of+an+Extraordinary+Election&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Viking+Penguin&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-670-02111-6&rft.aulast=Balz&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Haynes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbattleforamerica00balz_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernstein2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Bernstein" title="Carl Bernstein">Bernstein, Carl</a> (2007). <a href="/wiki/A_Woman_in_Charge" title="A Woman in Charge">A Woman in Charge: The Life of Hillary Rodham Clinton</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_A._Knopf" title="Alfred A. Knopf">Alfred A. Knopf</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-375-40766-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-375-40766-6"><bdi>978-0-375-40766-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Woman+in+Charge%3A+The+Life+of+Hillary+Rodham+Clinton&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-375-40766-6&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrock1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Brock" title="David Brock">Brock, David</a> (1996). The Seduction of Hillary Rodham. New York: <a href="/wiki/Free_Press_(publisher)" title="Free Press (publisher)">The Free Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-83451-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-83451-1"><bdi>978-0-684-83451-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Seduction+of+Hillary+Rodham&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Free+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-684-83451-1&rft.aulast=Brock&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrower2015" class="citation book cs1">Brower, Kate Andersen (2015). The Residence: Inside the Private World of The White House. New York: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">Harper</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-230519-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-230519-0"><bdi>978-0-06-230519-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Residence%3A+Inside+the+Private+World+of+The+White+House&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-06-230519-0&rft.aulast=Brower&rft.aufirst=Kate+Andersen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2008" class="citation book cs1">Burns, Lisa M. (2008). First Ladies and the Fourth Estate: Press Framing of Presidential Wives. DeKalb, Illinois: <a href="/wiki/Northern_Illinois_University_Press" title="Northern Illinois University Press">Northern Illinois University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87580-391-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87580-391-3"><bdi>978-0-87580-391-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Ladies+and+the+Fourth+Estate%3A+Press+Framing+of+Presidential+Wives&rft.place=DeKalb%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=Northern+Illinois+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-87580-391-3&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Lisa+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClinton2003" class="citation book cs1">Clinton, Hillary Rodham (2003). <a href="/wiki/Living_History_(book)" title="Living History (book)">Living History</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-2224-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-2224-2"><bdi>978-0-7432-2224-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-2224-2&rft.aulast=Clinton&rft.aufirst=Hillary+Rodham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerthVan_Natta2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Gerth" title="Jeff Gerth">Gerth, Jeff</a>; <a href="/wiki/Don_Van_Natta_Jr." title="Don Van Natta Jr.">Van Natta, Don Jr.</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/herwayhopesambit00gert">Her Way: The Hopes and Ambitions of Hillary Rodham Clinton</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_and_Company" title="Little, Brown and Company">Little, Brown and Company</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-01742-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-01742-8"><bdi>978-0-316-01742-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Her+Way%3A+The+Hopes+and+Ambitions+of+Hillary+Rodham+Clinton&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Company&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-316-01742-8&rft.aulast=Gerth&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft.au=Van+Natta%2C+Don+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fherwayhopesambit00gert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhattas2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kim_Ghattas" title="Kim Ghattas">Ghattas, Kim</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/secretaryjourney0000ghat">The Secretary: A Journey with Hillary Clinton from Beirut to the Heart of American Power</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Times_Books" title="Times Books">Times Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-9511-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-9511-1"><bdi>978-0-8050-9511-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Secretary%3A+A+Journey+with+Hillary+Clinton+from+Beirut+to+the+Heart+of+American+Power&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Times+Books&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-9511-1&rft.aulast=Ghattas&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsecretaryjourney0000ghat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeilemannHalperin2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Heilemann" title="John Heilemann">Heilemann, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mark_Halperin" title="Mark Halperin">Halperin, Mark</a> (2010). <a href="/wiki/Game_Change" title="Game Change">Game Change: Obama and the Clintons, McCain and Palin, and the Race of a Lifetime</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-173363-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-173363-5"><bdi>978-0-06-173363-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Game+Change%3A+Obama+and+the+Clintons%2C+McCain+and+Palin%2C+and+the+Race+of+a+Lifetime&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-06-173363-5&rft.aulast=Heilemann&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Halperin%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudsonLeidl2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Valerie_M._Hudson" title="Valerie M. Hudson">Hudson, Valerie M.</a>; Leidl, Patricia (2015). The Hillary Doctrine: Sex & American Foreign Policy. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-16492-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-16492-4"><bdi>978-0-231-16492-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hillary+Doctrine%3A+Sex+%26+American+Foreign+Policy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-231-16492-4&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=Valerie+M.&rft.au=Leidl%2C+Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKornblut2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Kornblut" title="Anne Kornblut">Kornblut, Anne</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/notesfromcracked00korn">Notes from the Cracked Ceiling: Hillary Clinton, Sarah Palin, and What It Will Take for a Woman to Win</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Crown_Books" title="Crown Books">Crown Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-46425-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-46425-5"><bdi>978-0-307-46425-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notes+from+the+Cracked+Ceiling%3A+Hillary+Clinton%2C+Sarah+Palin%2C+and+What+It+Will+Take+for+a+Woman+to+Win&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Crown+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-307-46425-5&rft.aulast=Kornblut&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnotesfromcracked00korn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaraniss1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Maraniss" title="David Maraniss">Maraniss, David</a> (1995). First in His Class: A Biography of Bill Clinton. New York: <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster" title="Simon & Schuster">Simon & Schuster</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-671-87109-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-671-87109-3"><bdi>978-0-671-87109-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+in+His+Class%3A+A+Biography+of+Bill+Clinton&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-671-87109-3&rft.aulast=Maraniss&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Morris_(American_writer)" title="Roger Morris (American writer)">Morris, Roger</a> (1996). Partners in Power: The Clintons and Their America. New York: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Holt_and_Company" title="Henry Holt and Company">Henry Holt</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-2804-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-2804-1"><bdi>978-0-8050-2804-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Partners+in+Power%3A+The+Clintons+and+Their+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Henry+Holt&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-2804-1&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlson1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Olson" title="Barbara Olson">Olson, Barbara</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/helltopay00barb">Hell to Pay: The Unfolding Story of Hillary Rodham Clinton</a>. Washington: <a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89526-197-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89526-197-7"><bdi>978-0-89526-197-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hell+to+Pay%3A+The+Unfolding+Story+of+Hillary+Rodham+Clinton&rft.place=Washington&rft.pub=Regnery+Publishing&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-89526-197-7&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhelltopay00barb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTroy2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gil_Troy" title="Gil Troy">Troy, Gil</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hillaryrodhamcli00gilt">Hillary Rodham Clinton: Polarizing First Lady</a>. Lawrence, Kansas: <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Kansas" title="University Press of Kansas">University Press of Kansas</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1488-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1488-2"><bdi>978-0-7006-1488-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hillary+Rodham+Clinton%3A+Polarizing+First+Lady&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+Kansas&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-1488-2&rft.aulast=Troy&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhillaryrodhamcli00gilt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about Hillary Clinton <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=Clinton%2C+Hillary+Rodham">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=Clinton%2C+Hillary+Rodham&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow">By Hillary Clinton <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=&au=Clinton%2C+Hillary+Rodham&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=&au=Clinton%2C+Hillary+Rodham">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=&au=Clinton%2C+Hillary+Rodham&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official">Official</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hillaryclinton.com">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6294#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clintonfoundation.org/">Clinton Foundation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/clinton-hillary-rodham">State Department Biography</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressC001041" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C001041">"Hillary Clinton (id: C001041)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Hillary+Clinton+%28id%3A+C001041%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DC001041&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHillary+Clinton" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/first-families/hillary-rodham-clinton/">White House biography of former First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clintonwhitehouse4.archives.gov/WH/EOP/First_Lady/html/HILLARY_Bio.html">Archived White House website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.qub.ac.uk/about/Vice-Chancellors-Office/Chancellor/">Office of University Chancellor</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media_coverage">Media coverage</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/hillary-clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6294#P3106" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/hillary_rodham_clinton/index.html">Hillary Rodham Clinton</a> collected news and commentary at <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?19027">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politifact.com/personalities/hillary-clinton/">Hillary Clinton's file</a> at <a href="/wiki/PolitiFact" title="PolitiFact">PolitiFact</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Hillary_Clinton" title="Template:Hillary Clinton"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hillary_Clinton" title="Template talk:Hillary Clinton"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hillary_Clinton" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hillary Clinton"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hillary_Clinton" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hillary Clinton</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_the_Queen%27s_University_Belfast" title="List of chancellors of the Queen's University Belfast">11th Chancellor of Queen's University Belfast</a> (2020–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States" title="List of secretaries of state of the United States">67th</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">US Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> (2001–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a> (1993–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_ladies_and_gentlemen_of_Arkansas" title="First ladies and gentlemen of Arkansas">First Lady of Arkansas</a> (1979–1981, 1983–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secretary of State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenure_as_Secretary_of_State" title="Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State">Tenure as Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Hillary_Clinton_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Hillary Clinton as United States Secretary of State">Foreign trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrennial_Diplomacy_and_Development_Review" title="Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review">Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of Barack Obama">Foreign policy of the Obama administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Doctrine" title="Hillary Doctrine">Hillary Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_email_controversy" title="Hillary Clinton email controversy">Email controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1888" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1888">UN Security Council Resolution 1888</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Representative_on_Sexual_Violence_in_Conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict">UN Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="12" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Hillary_Clinton_crop.jpg/100px-Hillary_Clinton_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Hillary_Clinton_crop.jpg/150px-Hillary_Clinton_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Hillary_Clinton_crop.jpg/200px-Hillary_Clinton_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1454" data-file-height="1932" /> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="890" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">US senator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_career_of_Hillary_Clinton" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate career of Hillary Clinton">Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Entertainment_Protection_Act" title="Family Entertainment Protection Act">Family Entertainment Protection Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Protection_Act_of_2005" title="Flag Protection Act of 2005">Flag Protection Act of 2005</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">First Lady</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenure_as_first_lady_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillary Clinton's tenure as first lady of the United States">Tenure as First Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_health_care_plan_of_1993" title="Clinton health care plan of 1993">1993 health care reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillaryland" title="Hillaryland">Hillaryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_travel_office_controversy" title="White House travel office controversy">Travel office controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_FBI_files_controversy" title="White House FBI files controversy">FBI files controversy</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Vast_right-wing_conspiracy_(term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vast right-wing conspiracy (term)">Vast right-wing conspiracy</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vital_Voices" title="Vital Voices">Vital Voices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_America%27s_Treasures" title="Save America's Treasures">Save America's Treasures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Children%27s_Health_Insurance_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="State Children's Health Insurance Program">State Children's Health Insurance Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoption_and_Safe_Families_Act" title="Adoption and Safe Families Act">Adoption and Safe Families Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Care_Independence_Act#Legislative_history" title="Foster Care Independence Act">Foster Care Independence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Millennium_Council" title="White House Millennium Council">White House Millennium Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arkansas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_career_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Legal career of Hillary Clinton">Legal career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_career_in_corporate_governance" title="Hillary Clinton's career in corporate governance">Career in corporate governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenures_as_First_Lady_of_Arkansas" title="Hillary Clinton's tenures as First Lady of Arkansas">Tenures as First Lady of Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Advocates_for_Children_and_Families" title="Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families">Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Law_Firm" title="Rose Law Firm">Rose Law Firm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Services_Corporation" title="Legal Services Corporation">Legal Services Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewater_controversy" title="Whitewater controversy">Whitewater controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_cattle_futures_controversy" title="Hillary Clinton cattle futures controversy">Cattle futures controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Philanthropic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Foundation" title="Clinton Foundation">Clinton Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Foundation%E2%80%93State_Department_controversy" title="Clinton Foundation–State Department controversy">State Department controversy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onward_Together" title="Onward Together">Onward Together</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches and policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Political positions of Hillary Clinton">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_are_human_rights" title="Women's rights are human rights">"Women's Rights Are Human Rights" (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basket_of_deplorables" title="Basket of deplorables">"Basket of deplorables" (2016)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Bibliography of Hillary Clinton">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Rodham_senior_thesis" title="Hillary Rodham senior thesis">Senior thesis (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Takes_a_Village" title="It Takes a Village">It Takes a Village (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Socks,_Dear_Buddy" title="Dear Socks, Dear Buddy">Dear Socks, Dear Buddy (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Invitation_to_the_White_House" title="An Invitation to the White House">An Invitation to the White House (2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_History_(book)" title="Living History (book)">Living History (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Choices" title="Hard Choices">Hard Choices (2014)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stronger_Together_(book)" title="Stronger Together (book)">Stronger Together (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/What_Happened_(Clinton_book)" title="What Happened (Clinton book)">What Happened (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Gutsy_Women" title="The Book of Gutsy Women">The Book of Gutsy Women (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Terror" title="State of Terror">State of Terror (2021)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Electoral history of Hillary Clinton">Electoral history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senatorial elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="2000 United States Senate election in New York">2000 US Senate election in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="2006 United States Senate election in New York">2006 US Senate election in New York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">2008 Democratic presidential primaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_primary_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential primary campaign">Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 US presidential election</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">Campaign</a></li> <li>Endorsements <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_screen_and_stage_performer_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign screen and stage performer endorsements">screen and stage performers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_celebrity_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign celebrity endorsements">other celebrities</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Democratic primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2016 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_who_opposed_the_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="List of Democrats who opposed the Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">Democratic opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2016 United States presidential debates">General election debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Victory_Fund" title="Hillary Victory Fund">Hillary Victory Fund</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Hillary_Clinton" title="List of awards and honors received by Hillary Clinton">Awards and honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Bibliography of Hillary Clinton">Books about</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Public image of Hillary Clinton">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_National_Airport" title="Clinton National Airport">Clinton National Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_1984" title="Hillary 1984">Hillary 1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Hillary Clinton">Saturday Night Live parodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_and_Clinton" title="Hillary and Clinton">Hillary and Clinton (2016 play)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_(film)" title="Hillary (film)">Hillary (2020 documentary)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (husband</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">presidency</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Clinton" title="Chelsea Clinton">Chelsea Clinton</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Rodham_(born_1911)" title="Hugh Rodham (born 1911)">Hugh E. Rodham</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Howell_Rodham" title="Dorothy Howell Rodham">Dorothy Howell Rodham</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Rodham_(born_1950)" title="Hugh Rodham (born 1950)">Hugh Rodham</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Rodham" title="Tony Rodham">Tony Rodham</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socks_(cat)" title="Socks (cat)">Socks</a> (cat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_(Bill_Clinton%27s_dog)" title="Buddy (Bill Clinton's dog)">Buddy</a> (dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehaven_(house)" title="Whitehaven (house)">Whitehaven</a> (residence)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room</a> (2011 photograph)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activities_of_Hillary_Clinton_subsequent_to_2016" title="Activities of Hillary Clinton subsequent to 2016">Activities after 2016</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Offices_and_distinctions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Offices_and_distinctions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Offices and distinctions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DDCEF2;">Legal offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Cramton" class="mw-redirect" title="Roger Cramton">Roger Cramton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/Legal_Services_Corporation" title="Legal Services Corporation">Legal Services Corporation</a> 1978–1980 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/F._William_McCalpin" title="F. William McCalpin">F. William McCalpin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFF157;">Honorary titles </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Barbara Pryor</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Arkansas" title="List of governors of Arkansas">First Lady of Arkansas</a> 1979–1981 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Gay Daniels White</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Gay Daniels White</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Arkansas" title="List of governors of Arkansas">First Lady of Arkansas</a> 1983–1992 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">Betty Tucker</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="2">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a> 1993–2001 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Honorary Chair of the <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Committee_on_the_Arts_and_Humanities" title="President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities">President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities</a> 1993–2001 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Daniel Patrick Moynihan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> nominee for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> (<a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators" title="Classes of United States senators">Class 1</a>) <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="2000 United States Senate election in New York">2000</a>, <a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_Senate_election_in_New_York" title="2006 United States Senate election in New York">2006</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Kirsten Gillibrand</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New office </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> Chair of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Steering_and_Outreach_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Steering and Outreach Committee">Senate Democratic Steering and Outreach Committee</a> 2005–2007 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Stabenow" title="Debbie Stabenow">Debbie Stabenow</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">nominee</a> for President of the United States <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Daniel Patrick Moynihan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">United States Senator (Class 1) from New York</a> 2001–2009 Served alongside: <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Kirsten Gillibrand</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> 2009–2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Moran_(businessman)" title="Thomas J. Moran (businessman)">Thomas Moran</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_chancellors_of_the_Queen%27s_University,_Belfast" class="mw-redirect" title="List of chancellors of the Queen's University, Belfast">Chancellor of the Queen's University, Belfast</a> 2020–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Incumbent </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">U.S. order of precedence</a> (ceremonial) </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a></div>as Former US Secretary of State </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/United_States_order_of_precedence" title="United States order of precedence">Order of precedence of the United States</a> as Former US Secretary of State </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a></div>as Former US Secretary of State </td></tr> </tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_ladies_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_First_Ladies" title="Template:US First Ladies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_First_Ladies" title="Template talk:US First Ladies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_First_Ladies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US First Ladies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_ladies_of_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_ladies_of_the_United_States" title="List of first ladies of the United States">First ladies of the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Washington" title="Martha Washington">Martha Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Jefferson_Randolph" title="Martha Jefferson Randolph">Martha Jefferson Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolley_Madison" title="Dolley Madison">Dolley Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Monroe" title="Elizabeth Monroe">Elizabeth Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_Adams" title="Louisa Adams">Louisa Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Donelson" title="Emily Donelson">Emily Donelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Yorke_Jackson" title="Sarah Yorke Jackson">Sarah Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelica_Singleton_Van_Buren" title="Angelica Singleton Van Buren">Angelica Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Harrison" title="Anna Harrison">Anna Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Irwin_Harrison" title="Jane Irwin Harrison">Jane Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letitia_Christian_Tyler" title="Letitia Christian Tyler">Letitia Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Cooper_Tyler" title="Priscilla Cooper Tyler">Priscilla Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Gardiner_Tyler" title="Julia Gardiner Tyler">Julia Tyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Childress_Polk" title="Sarah Childress Polk">Sarah Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Taylor" title="Margaret Taylor">Margaret Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Fillmore" title="Abigail Fillmore">Abigail Fillmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Pierce" title="Jane Pierce">Jane Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Lane" title="Harriet Lane">Harriet Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Todd_Lincoln" title="Mary Todd Lincoln">Mary Todd Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliza_McCardle_Johnson" title="Eliza McCardle Johnson">Eliza Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Grant" title="Julia Grant">Julia Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Webb_Hayes" title="Lucy Webb Hayes">Lucy Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Garfield" title="Lucretia Garfield">Lucretia Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Arthur_McElroy" title="Mary Arthur McElroy">Mary McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Cleveland" title="Rose Cleveland">Rose Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Cleveland" title="Frances Cleveland">Frances Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Harrison" title="Caroline Harrison">Caroline Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harrison_McKee" title="Mary Harrison McKee">Mary Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Cleveland" title="Frances Cleveland">Frances Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Saxton_McKinley" title="Ida Saxton McKinley">Ida McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Roosevelt" title="Edith Roosevelt">Edith Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Herron_Taft" title="Helen Herron Taft">Helen Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Axson_Wilson" title="Ellen Axson Wilson">Ellen Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Margaret Woodrow Wilson">Margaret Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wilson" title="Edith Wilson">Edith Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Harding" title="Florence Harding">Florence Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Coolidge" title="Grace Coolidge">Grace Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lou_Henry_Hoover" title="Lou Henry Hoover">Lou Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bess_Truman" title="Bess Truman">Bess Truman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamie_Eisenhower" title="Mamie Eisenhower">Mamie Eisenhower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis">Jacqueline Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson" title="Lady Bird Johnson">Lady Bird Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Nixon" title="Pat Nixon">Pat Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan">Nancy Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hillary Clinton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenure_as_First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="Hillary Clinton's tenure as First Lady of the United States">tenure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melania_Trump" title="Melania Trump">Melania Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Biden" title="Jill Biden">Jill Biden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_United_States_presidential_spouses_and_first_ladies" title="Bibliography of United States presidential spouses and first ladies">bibliographies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_family_of_the_United_States" title="First family of the United States">families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_First_Lady_of_the_United_States_firsts" title="List of First Lady of the United States firsts">firsts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_memoirs_by_first_ladies_of_the_United_States" title="List of memoirs by first ladies of the United States">memoirs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Ladies_National_Historic_Site" title="First Ladies National Historic Site">National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_ladies_of_the_United_States" title="Category:First ladies of the United States">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_secretaries_of_state" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Secretaries_of_State" title="Template:United States Secretaries of State"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Secretaries_of_State" title="Template talk:United States Secretaries of State"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Secretaries_of_State" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Secretaries of State"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_secretaries_of_state" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States" title="List of secretaries of state of the United States">United States secretaries of state</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States" title="List of secretaries of state of the United States">Secretary of Foreign Affairs</a> 1781–1789</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_R._Livingston" title="Robert R. Livingston">R. Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">Jay</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/75px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/113px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg/150px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Secretary_of_State.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> 1789–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Randolph" title="Edmund Randolph">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">J. Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Smith_(Cabinet_member)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Smith (Cabinet member)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Livingston" title="Edward Livingston">E. Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_McLane" title="Louis McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abel_P._Upshur" title="Abel P. Upshur">Upshur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Clayton" title="John M. Clayton">Clayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Marcy" title="William L. Marcy">Marcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_S._Black" title="Jeremiah S. Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_B._Washburne" title="Elihu B. Washburne">Washburne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Fish" title="Hamilton Fish">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Evarts" title="William M. Evarts">Evarts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_T._Frelinghuysen" title="Frederick T. Frelinghuysen">Frelinghuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard" title="Thomas F. Bayard">Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">Blaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Foster" title="John W. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Q._Gresham" title="Walter Q. Gresham">Gresham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Olney" title="Richard Olney">Olney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Day" title="William R. Day">Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hay" title="John Hay">Hay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bacon" title="Robert Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philander_C._Knox" title="Philander C. Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lansing" title="Robert Lansing">Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bainbridge_Colby" title="Bainbridge Colby">Colby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Kellogg" title="Frank B. Kellogg">Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Stimson" title="Henry L. Stimson">Stimson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Stettinius_Jr." title="Edward Stettinius Jr.">Stettinius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Byrnes" title="James F. Byrnes">Byrnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">G. Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Acheson" title="Dean Acheson">Acheson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">Dulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Herter" title="Christian Herter">Herter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Rusk" title="Dean Rusk">Rusk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Rogers" title="William P. Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Kissinger" title="Henry Kissinger">Kissinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Vance" title="Cyrus Vance">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Muskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig" title="Alexander Haig">Haig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">Shultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Eagleburger" title="Lawrence Eagleburger">Eagleburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Christopher" title="Warren Christopher">Christopher</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Warren_Christopher_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Warren Christopher as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Albright</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Madeleine_Albright_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Madeleine Albright as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Powell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Colin_Powell_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Colin Powell as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Rice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice%27s_tenure_as_Secretary_of_State" title="Condoleezza Rice's tenure as Secretary of State">tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Condoleezza_Rice_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Condoleezza Rice as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Clinton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenure_as_Secretary_of_State" title="Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State">tenure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Hillary_Clinton_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Hillary Clinton as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_John_Kerry_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by John Kerry as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Tillerson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Rex_Tillerson_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Rex Tillerson as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Pompeo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Mike_Pompeo_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Mike Pompeo as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Blinken" title="Antony Blinken">Blinken</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Antony_Blinken_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Antony Blinken as United States Secretary of State">trips</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_secretaries_of_state_of_the_United_States" title="List of international trips made by secretaries of state of the United States">List of international trips made by secretaries of state of the United States</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bill_Clinton" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bill_Clinton" title="Template:Bill Clinton"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bill_Clinton" title="Template talk:Bill Clinton"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bill_Clinton" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bill Clinton"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bill_Clinton" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">42nd</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1993–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Arkansas" title="List of governors of Arkansas">40th and 42nd Governor of Arkansas</a> (1979–1981, 1983–1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Presidency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidential transition of Bill Clinton">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Bill_Clinton" title="First inauguration of Bill Clinton">1st inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Second inauguration of Bill Clinton">2nd inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency_(1993)" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (1993)">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency_(1994)" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (1994)">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency_(1995)" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (1995)">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency_(1996)" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (1996)">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency_(1997)" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (1997)">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency_(1998)" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (1998)">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency_(1999)" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (1999)">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency_(2000%E2%80%932001)" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (2000–2001)">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Bill_Clinton_presidency_(2000%E2%80%932001)#January_2001" title="Timeline of the Bill Clinton presidency (2000–2001)">January 2001</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Bill_Clinton_administration" title="Economic policy of the Bill Clinton administration">Economic policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AmeriCorps" title="AmeriCorps">AmeriCorps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_health_care_plan_of_1993" title="Clinton health care plan of 1993">Health care plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">North American Free Trade Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balanced_Budget_Act_of_1997" title="Balanced Budget Act of 1997">Balanced Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Bill_Clinton_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of international presidential trips made by Bill Clinton">International trips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Doctrine" title="Clinton Doctrine">Clinton Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oslo_I_Accord" title="Oslo I Accord">Oslo I Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Jordan_peace_treaty" title="Israel–Jordan peace treaty">Israel–Jordan peace treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Agreement" title="Dayton Agreement">Dayton Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">2000 Camp David Summit</a></li> <li>Cruise missile strikes on Iraq <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1993_cruise_missile_strikes_on_Iraq" title="1993 cruise missile strikes on Iraq">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_cruise_missile_strikes_on_Iraq" title="1996 cruise missile strikes on Iraq">1996</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Infinite_Reach" title="Operation Infinite Reach">Operation Infinite Reach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia" title="NATO bombing of Yugoslavia">Bombing of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Iraq_(1998)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Iraq (1998)">Bombing of Iraq (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_System_(United_States)" title="National Highway System (United States)">National Highway System Designation Act of 1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Equity_Act_for_the_21st_Century" title="Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century">Transportation Equity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_America_Initiative" title="One America Initiative">One America Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riegle-Neal_Interstate_Banking_and_Branching_Efficiency_Act_of_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="Riegle-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994">Riegle-Neal Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramm%E2%80%93Leach%E2%80%93Bliley_Act" title="Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act">Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead-based_paint_in_the_United_States" title="Lead-based paint in the United States">Lead-Based Paint Disclosure Regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safe_Drinking_Water_Act" title="Safe Drinking Water Act">Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_Act_of_1996" title="Telecommunications Act of 1996">Telecommunications Act of 1996</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communications_Decency_Act" title="Communications Decency Act">Communications Decency Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_230" title="Section 230">Section 230</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nannygate" title="Nannygate">Nannygate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Bedroom_for_contributors_controversy" title="Lincoln Bedroom for contributors controversy">Lincoln Bedroom for contributors controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Department_trade_mission_controversy" title="Commerce Department trade mission controversy">Commerce Department trade mission controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_campaign_finance_controversy" title="1996 United States campaign finance controversy">1996 United States campaign finance controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton%E2%80%93Lewinsky_scandal" title="Clinton–Lewinsky scandal">Clinton–Lewinsky scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starr_Report" title="Starr Report">Starr Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Impeachment of Bill Clinton">Impeachment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Bill_Clinton" title="Efforts to impeach Bill Clinton">efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_against_Bill_Clinton" class="mw-redirect" title="Impeachment inquiry against Bill Clinton">inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_trial_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Impeachment trial of Bill Clinton">trial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_Millennium_Council" title="White House Millennium Council">White House Millennium Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton_pardon_controversy" title="Bill Clinton pardon controversy">Pardons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_pardoned_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of people pardoned by Bill Clinton">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton#Administration" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Bill_Clinton" title="List of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Bill Clinton Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Bill Clinton judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:William_Jefferson_Clinton/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:William Jefferson Clinton/Executive orders">Executive Orders</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:William_Jefferson_Clinton/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:William Jefferson Clinton/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential Proclamations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidential transition of George W. Bush">Presidential transition of George W. Bush</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bill_Clinton.jpg/100px-Bill_Clinton.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bill_Clinton.jpg/150px-Bill_Clinton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Bill_Clinton.jpg/200px-Bill_Clinton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2299" data-file-height="3000" /> <a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_William_Jefferson_Clinton_Birthplace_Home_National_Historic_Site" title="President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home National Historic Site">Childhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Bill_Clinton" class="mw-redirect" title="Early life and career of Bill Clinton">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorships_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Governorships of Bill Clinton">Governorships of Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Presidential_Center" title="Clinton Presidential Center">Presidential Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Post-presidency of Bill Clinton">Post-presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Foundation" title="Clinton Foundation">Clinton Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_School_of_Public_Service" title="Clinton School of Public Service">Clinton School of Public Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Bush_Haiti_Fund" title="Clinton Bush Haiti Fund">Clinton Bush Haiti Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Constitution_Center#NCC_and_presidents" title="National Constitution Center">Chairman, National Constitution Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Bill_Clinton" class="mw-redirect" title="List of honors and awards received by Bill Clinton">Honors and awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Public image of Bill Clinton">Public image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troopergate_(Bill_Clinton)" title="Troopergate (Bill Clinton)">Troopergate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton_sexual_misconduct_allegations" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Clinton sexual misconduct allegations">Sexual misconduct allegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitewater_controversy" title="Whitewater controversy">Whitewater controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1993_Bill_Clinton_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="February 1993 Bill Clinton speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1993_Bill_Clinton_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="September 1993 Bill Clinton speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress (health care reform)</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union addresses</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1994_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1994 State of the Union Address">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1995 State of the Union Address">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1996 State of the Union Address">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1997 State of the Union Address">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1998 State of the Union Address">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1999 State of the Union Address">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2000 State of the Union Address">2000</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Electoral history of Bill Clinton">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1974_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1974 United States House of Representatives elections">1974</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gubernatorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1978_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1978 Arkansas gubernatorial election">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1980 Arkansas gubernatorial election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1982 Arkansas gubernatorial election">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1984 Arkansas gubernatorial election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1986 Arkansas gubernatorial election">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990_Arkansas_gubernatorial_election" title="1990 Arkansas gubernatorial election">1990</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton_1992_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign">1992 campaign</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again" title="Make America Great Again">Make America Great Again</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="1992 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1992 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Stop_(Fleetwood_Mac_song)#Political_significance" title="Don't Stop (Fleetwood Mac song)">theme song</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Clinton 1996 presidential campaign">1996 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_debates" title="1996 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Bibliography of Bill Clinton">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Between_Hope_and_History" title="Between Hope and History">Between Hope and History (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Life_(Clinton_autobiography)" title="My Life (Clinton autobiography)">My Life (2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giving:_How_Each_of_Us_Can_Change_the_World" title="Giving: How Each of Us Can Change the World">Giving: How Each of Us Can Change the World (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_to_Work_(book)" title="Back to Work (book)">Back to Work (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_President_Is_Missing_(novel)" title="The President Is Missing (novel)">The President Is Missing (2018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_President%27s_Daughter_(novel)" title="The President's Daughter (novel)">The President's Daughter (2021)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Namesakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Jefferson_Clinton_Federal_Building" title="William Jefferson Clinton Federal Building">William Jefferson Clinton Federal Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton_Boulevard" title="Bill Clinton Boulevard">Bill Clinton Boulevard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_National_Airport" title="Clinton National Airport">Clinton National Airport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live_parodies_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Saturday Night Live parodies of Bill Clinton">Saturday Night Live parodies of Bill Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_War_Room" title="The War Room">The War Room (1993 documentary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Silence_of_the_Hams" title="The Silence of the Hams">The Silence of the Hams (1994 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_Colors_(film)" title="Primary Colors (film)">Primary Colors (1998 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Final_Days_(2000_film)" title="The Final Days (2000 film)">The Final Days (2000 short film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hunting_of_the_President" title="The Hunting of the President">The Hunting of the President (2004 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Special_Relationship_(film)" title="The Special Relationship (film)">The Special Relationship (2010 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_(film)" title="Clinton (film)">Clinton (2012 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_and_Clinton" title="Hillary and Clinton">Hillary and Clinton (2016 play)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment:_American_Crime_Story" title="Impeachment: American Crime Story">Impeachment: American Crime Story (2021 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Presidency_with_Bill_Clinton_(TV_series)" title="The American Presidency with Bill Clinton (TV series)">The American Presidency with Bill Clinton (2022 documentary series)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Clinton_family" title="Clinton family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hillary Rodham Clinton</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelsea_Clinton" title="Chelsea Clinton">Chelsea Clinton</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jefferson_Blythe_Jr." title="William Jefferson Blythe Jr.">William Jefferson Blythe Jr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Clinton_Kelley" title="Virginia Clinton Kelley">Virginia Clinton Kelley</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Clinton_Sr." title="Roger Clinton Sr.">Roger Clinton Sr.</a> (first stepfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Clinton_Jr." title="Roger Clinton Jr.">Roger Clinton Jr.</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Dwire" title="Jeff Dwire">Jeff Dwire</a> (second stepfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socks_(cat)" title="Socks (cat)">Socks</a> (cat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddy_(Bill_Clinton%27s_dog)" title="Buddy (Bill Clinton's dog)">Buddy</a> (dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehaven_(house)" title="Whitehaven (house)">Whitehaven</a> (residence)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">← George H. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Bill_Clinton" title="Category:Bill Clinton">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2008 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2008 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2008 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_2004)_2008_United_States_presidential_election_(2012_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">← 2004</a>) <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:2008_United_States_elections" title="Template:2008 United States elections">2008 United States elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_candidates_in_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="List of candidates in the 2008 United States presidential election">Candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_candidates" title="Comparison of the 2008 United States presidential candidates">Comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2008 United States presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_endorsements_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Congressional endorsements for the 2008 United States presidential election">Congressional endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising for the 2008 United States presidential election">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballot_access_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballot access for the 2008 United States presidential election">Ballot access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2008 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Tuesday,_2008" title="Super Tuesday, 2008">Super Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_primary" title="Potomac primary">Potomac primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Super_Tuesday_II" title="2008 Super Tuesday II">Super Tuesday II</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 United States presidential election">national</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 United States presidential election">statewide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="International opinion polling for the 2008 United States presidential election">international</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">WFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_superdelegates_at_the_2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="List of superdelegates at the 2008 Democratic National Convention">superdelegates</a></li></ul></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">statewide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">national</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primary results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama" title="Political positions of Barack Obama">positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">cross-party</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Evan_Bayh" title="Evan Bayh">Evan Bayh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evan_Bayh_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Evan Bayh 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Joe Biden 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Joe_Biden" title="Political positions of Joe Biden">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hillary Clinton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Political positions of Hillary Clinton">positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd" title="Chris Dodd">Chris Dodd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Chris Dodd 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">John Edwards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Edwards_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John Edwards 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_Edwards" title="Political positions of John Edwards">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel" title="Mike Gravel">Mike Gravel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Gravel 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich" title="Dennis Kucinich">Dennis Kucinich</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Dennis Kucinich 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Richardson" title="Bill Richardson">Bill Richardson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Richardson_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Bill Richardson 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Tom Vilsack 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">CPNY</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_New_York" title="Independence Party of New York">IPNY</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_National_Convention" title="2008 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">statewide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">national</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2008 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primary_candidates" title="Political positions of the 2008 Republican Party presidential primary candidates">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2008_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2008 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primary results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_John_McCain" title="Political positions of John McCain">positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of John McCain 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_and_liberal_support_for_John_McCain_in_2008" title="Democratic and liberal support for John McCain in 2008">cross-party</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_presidential_candidacy_of_Sarah_Palin" title="Vice presidential candidacy of Sarah Palin">candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Sarah_Palin" title="Political positions of Sarah Palin">positions</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Republican_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2008 Republican Party presidential candidates">Other candidates</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sam_Brownback" title="Sam Brownback">Sam Brownback</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Brownback_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Sam Brownback 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_H._Cox" title="John H. Cox">John H. Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gilmore" title="Jim Gilmore">Jim Gilmore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gilmore_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Jim Gilmore 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Rudy Giuliani 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Rudy_Giuliani" title="Political positions of Rudy Giuliani">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Mike Huckabee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Huckabee 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mike_Huckabee" title="Political positions of Mike Huckabee">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_L._Hunter" title="Duncan L. Hunter">Duncan L. Hunter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duncan_L._Hunter_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Duncan L. Hunter 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Alan Keyes 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_McKinney" title="Ray McKinney">Ray McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Ron Paul 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ron_Paul" title="Political positions of Ron Paul">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Mitt Romney 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mitt_Romney" title="Political positions of Mitt Romney">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tancredo" title="Tom Tancredo">Tom Tancredo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Tancredo_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Tom Tancredo 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Thompson" title="Fred Thompson">Fred Thompson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Thompson_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Fred Thompson 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Thompson" title="Tommy Thompson">Tommy Thompson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Thompson_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Tommy Thompson 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Draft_(politics)" title="Draft (politics)">Draft movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Democratic: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Warner" title="Mark Warner">Mark Warner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Mark_Warner_movement" title="Draft Mark Warner movement">movement</a></li></ul></li> <li>Republican: <a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Condi_movement" title="Draft Condi movement">movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Bloomberg" title="Michael Bloomberg">Michael Bloomberg</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draft_Bloomberg_movement" title="Draft Bloomberg movement">movement</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third_party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2008 United States presidential election">candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_National_Convention" title="Constitution Party National Convention">convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin" title="Chuck Baldwin">Chuck Baldwin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Baldwin_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Chuck Baldwin 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: Darrell Castle</li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Imperato" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Imperato">Daniel Imperato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Alan Keyes 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/2008_Green_National_Convention" title="2008 Green National Convention">convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney" title="Cynthia McKinney">Cynthia McKinney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Cynthia McKinney 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Cynthia_McKinney" class="mw-redirect" title="Political positions of Cynthia McKinney">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Clemente" title="Rosa Clemente">Rosa Clemente</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Brown" title="Elaine Brown">Elaine Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;; font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/2008_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2008 Libertarian National Convention">convention</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Barr" title="Bob Barr">Bob Barr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Barr_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Bob Barr 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Bob_Barr" class="mw-redirect" title="Political positions of Bob Barr">positions</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Allyn_Root" title="Wayne Allyn Root">Wayne Allyn Root</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel" title="Mike Gravel">Mike Gravel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gravel_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Gravel 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Kubby" title="Steve Kubby">Steve Kubby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Allyn_Root" title="Wayne Allyn Root">Wayne Allyn Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ruwart" title="Mary Ruwart">Mary Ruwart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Stanhope" title="Doug Stanhope">Doug Stanhope</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800080;">America's Independent Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes" title="Alan Keyes">Alan Keyes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Keyes_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Alan Keyes 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: Brian Rohrbough</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 yellow;"><a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party_(political_party)" title="Boston Tea Party (political party)">Boston Tea Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Jay" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Jay">Charles Jay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;"><a href="/wiki/Objectivist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Objectivist Party">Objectivist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stevens_(Objectivist_Party_politician)" title="Tom Stevens (Objectivist Party politician)">Tom Stevens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #00FF00;"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Ralph Nader 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Matt_Gonzalez" title="Matt Gonzalez">Matt Gonzalez</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney" title="Cynthia McKinney">Cynthia McKinney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Cynthia McKinney 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_(political_activist)" title="Brian Moore (political activist)">Brian Moore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Brian Moore 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gene_Amondson" title="Gene Amondson">Gene Amondson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #6A287E;"><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ted_Weill" title="Ted Weill">Ted Weill</a></li> <li>VP nominee: Frank McEnulty</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Socialism and Liberation Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Puryear" title="Eugene Puryear">Eugene Puryear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_(political_activist)" title="Brian Moore (political activist)">Brian Moore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Moore_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Brian Moore 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Stewart_Alexander" title="Stewart Alexander">Stewart Alexander</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Chester" title="Eric Chester">Eric Chester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3ger_Calero" title="Róger Calero">Róger Calero</a></li> <li>Alternate nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_Harris_(Socialist_Workers_Party_politician)" title="James Harris (Socialist Workers Party politician)">James Harris</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alyson_Kennedy" title="Alyson Kennedy">Alyson Kennedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Independent / Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Boss" title="Jeff Boss">Jeff Boss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Colbert_(character)" title="Stephen Colbert (character)">Stephen Colbert</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Colbert_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Stephen Colbert 2008 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Dodge" title="Earl Dodge">Earl Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradford_Lyttle" title="Bradford Lyttle">Bradford Lyttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Moore_(performance_artist)" title="Frank Moore (performance artist)">Frank Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schriner" title="Joe Schriner">Joe Schriner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathon_Sharkey" title="Jonathon Sharkey">Jonathon Sharkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li>Other 2008 elections: <a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2008 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2008 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="2008 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_2012)_2016_United_States_presidential_election_(2020_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:2016 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:2016 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:2016 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_2012)_2016_United_States_presidential_election_(2020_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">← 2012</a>) <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a> (R), 304 electoral votes; <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hillary Clinton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a> (D), 227 electoral votes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fundraising_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Fundraising in the 2016 United States presidential election">Fundraising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2016_United_States_presidential_candidates_by_political_affiliation" title="Political positions of the 2016 United States presidential candidates by political affiliation">Positions</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">national</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election_by_demographic" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election by demographic">by demo.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">statewide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-2016_statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Pre-2016 statewide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">pre-2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January%E2%80%93August_2016_statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="January–August 2016 statewide opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">early 2016</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="International opinion polling for the 2016 United States presidential election">international</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Social media in the 2016 United States presidential election">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Timeline of the 2016 United States presidential election">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2016 United States presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 2016 United States presidential election">Newspaper endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_primaries" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 2016 United States presidential primaries">primary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vote_pairing_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Vote pairing in the 2016 United States presidential election">Vote pairing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election_recounts" title="2016 United States presidential election recounts">Recounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faithless_electors_in_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Faithless electors in the 2016 United States presidential election">Faithless electors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_States_Electoral_College_vote_count" title="2017 United States Electoral College vote count">Electoral College vote count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">inauguration</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">AIP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">CPNY</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Right_to_Life_Party" title="New York State Right to Life Party">RTLP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Republican Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Endorsements in the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li>Polls (<a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">national</a> · <a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">statewide</a> · <a href="/wiki/Straw_polls_for_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Straw polls for the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">straw</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_National_Convention" title="2016 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2016 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2016 Republican Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">positions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Donald_Trump#Protests_during_Trump's_campaign" title="Protests against Donald Trump">protests</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Republicans_who_opposed_the_Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">GOP opposition</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Mike Pence</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Jeb Bush 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Jeb_Bush" title="Political positions of Jeb Bush">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Ben Carson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Ben Carson 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Chris Christie 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ted_Cruz_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Ted Cruz 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Ted_Cruz" title="Political positions of Ted Cruz">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mark_Everson" title="Mark Everson">Mark Everson</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carly_Fiorina" title="Carly Fiorina">Carly Fiorina</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Carly_Fiorina_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Carly Fiorina 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gilmore" title="Jim Gilmore">Jim Gilmore</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gilmore_2016_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Gilmore 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham" title="Lindsey Graham">Lindsey Graham</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Graham_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Lindsey Graham 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Mike Huckabee</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Mike Huckabee 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Mike_Huckabee" title="Political positions of Mike Huckabee">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal" title="Bobby Jindal">Bobby Jindal</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Jindal_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Bobby Jindal 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_Kasich" title="John Kasich">John Kasich</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/John_Kasich_2016_presidential_campaign" title="John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_John_Kasich_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of John Kasich 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_McMillan" title="Jimmy McMillan">Jimmy McMillan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/George_Pataki" title="George Pataki">George Pataki</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/George_Pataki_2016_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="George Pataki 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Rand Paul</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rand Paul 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Rand_Paul" title="Political positions of Rand Paul">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Rick Perry</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rick Perry 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Rick_Perry" title="Political positions of Rick Perry">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Marco Rubio 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Marco_Rubio" title="Political positions of Marco Rubio">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Rick Santorum</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rick Santorum 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Scott_Walker_(politician)" title="Scott Walker (politician)">Scott Walker</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Scott_Walker_2016_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott Walker 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Equality_Party_(New_York)" title="Women's Equality Party (New York)">WEP</a> · ▌<a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">WFP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primary_candidates" title="Political positions of the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primary candidates">Political positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_in_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Endorsements in the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li>Polls <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Nationwide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">national</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statewide_opinion_polling_for_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Statewide opinion polling for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">statewide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_polls_for_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Straw polls for the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">straw</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="Results of the 2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_superdelegates_at_the_2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="List of superdelegates at the 2016 Democratic National Convention">superdelegates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2016 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">VP candidate selection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential candidates">Candidates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hillary Clinton</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd>endorsements <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_political_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign political endorsements">political</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_non-political_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign non-political endorsements">non-political</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_celebrity_endorsements" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign celebrity endorsements">celebrities</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign_screen_and_stage_performer_endorsements" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign screen and stage performer endorsements">performers</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Hillary_Clinton" title="Political positions of Hillary Clinton">positions</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democrats_who_opposed_the_Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="List of Democrats who opposed the Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">Democratic opposition</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Tim Kaine</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Chafee" title="Lincoln Chafee">Lincoln Chafee</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Chafee_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Lincoln Chafee 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rocky De La Fuente 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paul_T._Farrell_Jr." title="Paul T. Farrell Jr.">Paul T. Farrell Jr.</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig" title="Lawrence Lessig">Lawrence Lessig</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Lessig_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Lawrence Lessig 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley" title="Martin O'Malley">Martin O'Malley</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Martin_O%27Malley_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Martin O'Malley 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bernie_Sanders_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Bernie_Sanders" title="Political positions of Bernie Sanders">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Webb" title="Jim Webb">Jim Webb</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jim_Webb_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Jim Webb 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Willie_Wilson_(businessman)" title="Willie Wilson (businessman)">Willie Wilson</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_New_York_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Party of New York State">IPNY</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Libertarian_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Libertarian Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Libertarian_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Libertarian Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2016 Libertarian National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Gary Johnson</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gary_Johnson_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Gary_Johnson" class="mw-redirect" title="Political positions of Gary Johnson">positions</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Weld" title="Bill Weld">Bill Weld</a></dd> <dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/John_McAfee" title="John McAfee">John McAfee</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Austin_Petersen" title="Austin Petersen">Austin Petersen</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #17aa5c;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Green_Party_presidential_debates_and_forums" title="2016 Green Party presidential debates and forums">Debates and forums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Green_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Green Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Green_National_Convention" title="2016 Green National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Jill Stein 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jill_Stein_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Jill Stein 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Ajamu_Baraka" title="Ajamu Baraka">Ajamu Baraka</a></dd> <dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Darryl_Cherney" title="Darryl Cherney">Darryl Cherney</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Independents ▌ <a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Party of Minnesota">IPMN</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Better_for_America" title="Better for America">Better for America</a></li> <li>Candidate: <a href="/wiki/Evan_McMullin" title="Evan McMullin">Evan McMullin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evan_McMullin_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Evan McMullin 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Evan_McMullin_2016_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Evan McMullin 2016 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li></ul></li> <li>Running mate: <a href="/wiki/Mindy_Finn" title="Mindy Finn">Mindy Finn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other <a href="/wiki/Third-party_and_independent_candidates_for_the_2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="Third-party and independent candidates for the 2016 United States presidential election">third-party and independent candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #355E39;"><a href="/wiki/American_Delta_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="American Delta Party">American Delta Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente" title="Rocky De La Fuente">Rocky De La Fuente</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_De_La_Fuente_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Rocky De La Fuente 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Steinberg_(lawyer)" title="Michael Steinberg (lawyer)">Michael Steinberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CC66FF;">American Party (South Carolina)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Skewes" title="Peter Skewes">Peter Skewes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F37120;"><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mike_Maturen" title="Mike Maturen">Mike Maturen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800080;">America's Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hoefling" title="Tom Hoefling">Tom Hoefling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #A356DE;"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Constitution_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Constitution Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_National_Convention#2016_convention" title="Constitution Party National Convention">Convention</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Nominee</dt> <dd>Darrell Castle <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Darrell_Castle_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Darrell Castle 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></dd></dl></dd> <dd>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Scott_Bradley_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott Bradley (politician)">Scott Bradley</a></dd> <dt>Other candidates</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hoefling" title="Tom Hoefling">Tom Hoefling</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;">Nutrition Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Rod_Silva_(businessman)" title="Rod Silva (businessman)">Rod Silva</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #00FF00;"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a> ▌<a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">PSL</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gloria_La_Riva" title="Gloria La Riva">Gloria La Riva</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Banks" title="Dennis Banks">Dennis Banks</a></li> <li>PSL VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Puryear" title="Eugene Puryear">Eugene Puryear</a>*</li></ul> <ul><li>Other candidates: <a href="/wiki/Monica_Moorehead" title="Monica Moorehead">Monica Moorehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Jill Stein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/James_Hedges" title="James Hedges">James Hedges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(United_States)" title="Socialist Action (United States)">Socialist Action</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Mackler" title="Jeff Mackler">Jeff Mackler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D30101;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jerry_White_(socialist)" title="Jerry White (socialist)">Jerry White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #CD3700;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist Party USA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Mimi_Soltysik" title="Mimi Soltysik">Mimi Soltysik</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mimi_Soltysik_2016_presidential_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimi Soltysik 2016 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Angela_Nicole_Walker" title="Angela Nicole Walker">Angela Nicole Walker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Alyson_Kennedy" title="Alyson Kennedy">Alyson Kennedy</a></li> <li>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Osborne_Hart" title="Osborne Hart">Osborne Hart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #F8F9FA;">Pacifist Party</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Bradford_Lyttle" title="Bradford Lyttle">Bradford Lyttle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF33AA;"><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Monica_Moorehead" title="Monica Moorehead">Monica Moorehead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;">Other Independent candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Kotlikoff" title="Laurence Kotlikoff">Laurence Kotlikoff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* : These candidates were constitutionally ineligible to serve as President or Vice President.</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_elections" title="2016 United States elections">Other 2016 elections</a>: <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_Senate_elections" title="2016 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2016 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unsuccessful_major_party_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unsuccessful_major_party_pres_candidates" title="Template:Unsuccessful major party pres candidates"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; padding-top:.3em; padding-bottom:.6em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1796_United_States_presidential_election" title="1796 United States presidential election">1796</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/1800_United_States_presidential_election" title="1800 United States presidential election">1800</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Cotesworth_Pinckney" title="Charles Cotesworth Pinckney">Charles C. Pinckney</a> (<a href="/wiki/1804_United_States_presidential_election" title="1804 United States presidential election">1804</a>, <a href="/wiki/1808_United_States_presidential_election" title="1808 United States presidential election">1808</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">DeWitt Clinton</a> (<a href="/wiki/1812_United_States_presidential_election" title="1812 United States presidential election">1812</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">Rufus King</a> (<a href="/wiki/1816_United_States_presidential_election" title="1816 United States presidential election">1816</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">William H. Crawford</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a> (<a href="/wiki/1824_United_States_presidential_election" title="1824 United States presidential election">1824</a>, <a href="/wiki/1832_United_States_presidential_election" title="1832 United States presidential election">1832</a>, <a href="/wiki/1844_United_States_presidential_election" title="1844 United States presidential election">1844</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">John Quincy Adams</a> (<a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Harrison" title="William Henry Harrison">William Henry Harrison</a> (<a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">Hugh Lawson White</a> (<a href="/wiki/1836_United_States_presidential_election" title="1836 United States presidential election">1836</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Martin Van Buren</a> (<a href="/wiki/1840_United_States_presidential_election" title="1840 United States presidential election">1840</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a> (<a href="/wiki/1848_United_States_presidential_election" title="1848 United States presidential election">1848</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott" title="Winfield Scott">Winfield Scott</a> (<a href="/wiki/1852_United_States_presidential_election" title="1852 United States presidential election">1852</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a> (<a href="/wiki/1856_United_States_presidential_election" title="1856 United States presidential election">1856</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Stephen A. Douglas</a> (<a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_presidential_election" title="1860 United States presidential election">1860</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">George B. McClellan</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_McClellan_1864_presidential_campaign" title="George McClellan 1864 presidential campaign">1864</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Horatio Seymour</a> (<a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour_1868_presidential_campaign" title="Horatio Seymour 1868 presidential campaign">1868</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Horace Greeley</a> (<a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley_1872_presidential_campaign" title="Horace Greeley 1872 presidential campaign">1872</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Samuel J. Tilden</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samuel_Tilden_1876_presidential_campaign" title="Samuel Tilden 1876 presidential campaign">1876</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Winfield Scott Hancock</a> (<a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock_1880_presidential_campaign" title="Winfield Scott Hancock 1880 presidential campaign">1880</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">James G. Blaine</a> (<a href="/wiki/1884_United_States_presidential_election" title="1884 United States presidential election">1884</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland_1888_presidential_campaign" title="Grover Cleveland 1888 presidential campaign">1888</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a> (<a href="/wiki/1892_United_States_presidential_election" title="1892 United States presidential election">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">William J. Bryan</a> (<a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1896_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1896 presidential campaign">1896</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1900_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1900 presidential campaign">1900</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan_1908_presidential_campaign" title="William Jennings Bryan 1908 presidential campaign">1908</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Alton B. Parker</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker_1904_presidential_campaign" title="Alton B. Parker 1904 presidential campaign">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> (<a href="/wiki/1912_United_States_presidential_election" title="1912 United States presidential election">1912</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Charles Evans Hughes</a> (<a href="/wiki/1916_United_States_presidential_election" title="1916 United States presidential election">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">James M. Cox</a> (<a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_presidential_election" title="1920 United States presidential election">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">John W. Davis</a> (<a href="/wiki/1924_United_States_presidential_election" title="1924 United States presidential election">1924</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Al Smith</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al_Smith_1928_presidential_campaign" title="Al Smith 1928 presidential campaign">1928</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a> (<a href="/wiki/1932_United_States_presidential_election" title="1932 United States presidential election">1932</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alf_Landon" title="Alf Landon">Alf Landon</a> (<a href="/wiki/1936_United_States_presidential_election" title="1936 United States presidential election">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendell_Willkie" title="Wendell Willkie">Wendell Willkie</a> (<a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_presidential_election" title="1940 United States presidential election">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Dewey" title="Thomas E. Dewey">Thomas E. Dewey</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_United_States_presidential_election" title="1944 United States presidential election">1944</a>, <a href="/wiki/1948_United_States_presidential_election" title="1948 United States presidential election">1948</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Adlai Stevenson</a> (<a href="/wiki/1952_United_States_presidential_election" title="1952 United States presidential election">1952</a>, <a href="/wiki/1956_United_States_presidential_election" title="1956 United States presidential election">1956</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1960_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1960 presidential campaign">1960</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Barry Goldwater</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign">1964</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey_1968_presidential_campaign" title="Hubert Humphrey 1968 presidential campaign">1968</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_McGovern_1972_presidential_campaign" title="George McGovern 1972 presidential campaign">1972</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford">Gerald Ford</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ford_1976_presidential_campaign" title="Gerald Ford 1976 presidential campaign">1976</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter_1980_presidential_campaign" title="Jimmy Carter 1980 presidential campaign">1980</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Walter Mondale</a> (<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale_1984_presidential_campaign" title="Walter Mondale 1984 presidential campaign">1984</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Michael Dukakis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis_1988_presidential_campaign" title="Michael Dukakis 1988 presidential campaign">1988</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (<a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush_1992_presidential_campaign" title="George H. W. Bush 1992 presidential campaign">1992</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole">Bob Dole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bob_Dole_1996_presidential_campaign" title="Bob Dole 1996 presidential campaign">1996</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> (<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore_2000_presidential_campaign" title="Al Gore 2000 presidential campaign">2000</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_Kerry_2004_presidential_campaign" title="John Kerry 2004 presidential campaign">2004</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_McCain_2008_presidential_campaign" title="John McCain 2008 presidential campaign">2008</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Mitt Romney 2012 presidential campaign">2012</a>)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hillary Clinton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign">2016</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> (<a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">2020</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris_2024_presidential_campaign" title="Kamala Harris 2024 presidential campaign">2024</a>)</li></ol></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_presidential_candidates_by_year" title="Category:United States presidential candidates by year">All presidential candidates</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">Presidents</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_third-party_and_independent_performances_in_United_States_presidential_elections" title="List of third-party and independent performances in United States presidential elections">Third-party candidates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cabinet_of_President_Barack_Obama_(2009–2017)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Obama_cabinet" title="Template:Obama cabinet"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Obama_cabinet" title="Template talk:Obama cabinet"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Obama_cabinet" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Obama cabinet"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cabinet_of_President_Barack_Obama_(2009–2017)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a> of <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2009–2017)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Cabinet" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (2009–2017)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="16" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg/100px-President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg/150px-President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg/200px-President_Barack_Obama%2C_2012_portrait_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1338" data-file-height="1739" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hillary Clinton</a> (2009–2013) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton%27s_tenure_as_Secretary_of_State" title="Hillary Clinton's tenure as Secretary of State">tenure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> (2013–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Geithner" title="Timothy Geithner">Timothy Geithner</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lew" title="Jack Lew">Jack Lew</a> (2013–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates">Robert Gates</a> (2009–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Panetta" title="Leon Panetta">Leon Panetta</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Hagel" title="Chuck Hagel">Chuck Hagel</a> (2013–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ash_Carter" title="Ash Carter">Ash Carter</a> (2015–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Holder" title="Eric Holder">Eric Holder</a> (2009–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynch" title="Loretta Lynch">Loretta Lynch</a> (2015–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Salazar" title="Ken Salazar">Ken Salazar</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Jewell" title="Sally Jewell">Sally Jewell</a> (2013–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Vilsack" title="Tom Vilsack">Tom Vilsack</a> (2009–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Locke" title="Gary Locke">Gary Locke</a> (2009–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bryson" title="John Bryson">John Bryson</a> (2011–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Pritzker" title="Penny Pritzker">Penny Pritzker</a> (2013–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hilda_Solis" title="Hilda Solis">Hilda Solis</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Perez" title="Tom Perez">Tom Perez</a> (2013–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Sebelius" title="Kathleen Sebelius">Kathleen Sebelius</a> (2009–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Mathews_Burwell" title="Sylvia Mathews Burwell">Sylvia Mathews Burwell</a> (2014–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_Donovan" title="Shaun Donovan">Shaun Donovan</a> (2009–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Castro" title="Julian Castro">Julian Castro</a> (2014–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ray_LaHood" title="Ray LaHood">Ray LaHood</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Foxx" title="Anthony Foxx">Anthony Foxx</a> (2013–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Steven Chu</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Moniz" title="Ernest Moniz">Ernest Moniz</a> (2013–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">Secretary of Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Duncan" title="Arne Duncan">Arne Duncan</a> (2009–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_King_Jr." title="John King Jr.">John King Jr.</a> (2016–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs">Secretary of Veterans Affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Shinseki" title="Eric Shinseki">Eric Shinseki</a> (2009–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_McDonald_(businessman)" title="Bob McDonald (businessman)">Bob McDonald</a> (2014–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Napolitano" title="Janet Napolitano">Janet Napolitano</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeh_Johnson" title="Jeh Johnson">Jeh Johnson</a> (2013–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div id="Cabinet-level" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cabinet-level</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson" title="Lisa P. Jackson">Lisa P. Jackson</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gina_McCarthy" title="Gina McCarthy">Gina McCarthy</a> (2013–2017)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/100px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/150px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg/200px-US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="83" data-file-height="58" /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Office of Management and Budget</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_R._Orszag" title="Peter R. Orszag">Peter R. Orszag</a> (2009–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lew" title="Jack Lew">Jack Lew</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Mathews_Burwell" title="Sylvia Mathews Burwell">Sylvia Mathews Burwell</a> (2013–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_Donovan" title="Shaun Donovan">Shaun Donovan</a> (2014–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">Trade Representative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Kirk" title="Ron Kirk">Ron Kirk</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Froman" title="Michael Froman">Michael Froman</a> (2013–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations">Ambassador to the United Nations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Rice" title="Susan Rice">Susan Rice</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samantha_Power" title="Samantha Power">Samantha Power</a> (2013–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christina_Romer" title="Christina Romer">Christina Romer</a> (2009–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austan_Goolsbee" title="Austan Goolsbee">Austan Goolsbee</a> (2010–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Krueger" title="Alan Krueger">Alan Krueger</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Furman" title="Jason Furman">Jason Furman</a> (2013–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Small_Business_Administration" title="Administrator of the Small Business Administration">Administrator of the Small Business Administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karen_Mills" title="Karen Mills">Karen Mills</a> (2012–2013)*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Contreras-Sweet" title="Maria Contreras-Sweet">Maria Contreras-Sweet</a> (2014–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rahm_Emanuel" title="Rahm Emanuel">Rahm Emanuel</a> (2009–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Daley" title="William M. Daley">William M. Daley</a> (2011–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Lew" title="Jack Lew">Jack Lew</a> (2012–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_McDonough" title="Denis McDonough">Denis McDonough</a> (2013–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* took office in 2009, raised to cabinet-rank in 2012 <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Confirmations_of_Barack_Obama%27s_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="Confirmations of Barack Obama's Cabinet">Confirmations of Barack Obama's Cabinet</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_New_York" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="Template:United States senators from New York"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="Template talk:United States senators from New York"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from New York"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_New_York" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_New_York" title="List of United States senators from New York">United States senators from New York</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Schuyler" title="Philip Schuyler">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Burr" title="Aaron Burr">Burr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Schuyler" title="Philip Schuyler">Schuyler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sloss_Hobart" title="John Sloss Hobart">Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_North" title="William North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Watson_(New_York_politician)" title="James Watson (New York politician)">Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouverneur_Morris" title="Gouverneur Morris">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodorus_Bailey_(politician)" title="Theodorus Bailey (politician)">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Mitchill" title="Samuel L. Mitchill">Mitchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah_German" title="Obadiah German">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Dudley" title="Charles E. Dudley">Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Tallmadge" title="Nathaniel P. Tallmadge">Tallmadge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_S._Dickinson" title="Daniel S. Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Fish" title="Hamilton Fish">Fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_King_(politician)" title="Preston King (politician)">P. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_D._Morgan" title="Edwin D. Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_Fenton" title="Reuben Fenton">Fenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Kernan" title="Francis Kernan">Kernan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Platt" title="Thomas C. Platt">Platt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Miller" title="Warner Miller">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hiscock" title="Frank Hiscock">Hiscock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Murphy_Jr." title="Edward Murphy Jr.">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauncey_Depew" title="Chauncey Depew">Depew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._O%27Gorman" title="James A. O'Gorman">O'Gorman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Calder" title="William M. Calder">Calder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_S._Copeland" title="Royal S. Copeland">Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_M._Mead" title="James M. Mead">Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Ives" title="Irving Ives">Ives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Keating" title="Kenneth Keating">Keating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Goodell" title="Charles Goodell">Goodell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Buckley" title="James L. Buckley">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Moynihan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirsten_Gillibrand" title="Kirsten Gillibrand">Gillibrand</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">R. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Laurance" title="John Laurance">Laurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">D. Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr." title="John Armstrong Jr.">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Smith_(New_York_politician,_born_1752)" title="John Smith (New York politician, born 1752)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_King" title="Rufus King">R. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Sanford" title="Nathan Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Marcy" title="William L. Marcy">Marcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_Wright" title="Silas Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Foster" title="Henry A. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Dix" title="John Adams Dix">Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Seward" title="William H. Seward">Seward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_Harris" title="Ira Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_Conkling" title="Roscoe Conkling">Conkling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_G._Lapham" title="Elbridge G. Lapham">Lapham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Evarts" title="William M. Evarts">Evarts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Hill" title="David B. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Platt" title="Thomas C. Platt">Platt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_Root" title="Elihu Root">Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_W._Wadsworth_Jr." title="James W. Wadsworth Jr.">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner" title="Robert F. Wagner">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles">Dulles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_H._Lehman" title="Herbert H. Lehman">Lehman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Javits" title="Jacob Javits">Javits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_D%27Amato" title="Al D'Amato">D'Amato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Democratic_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#B0CEFF;;background:#3333FF; color:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Template:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Template talk:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Democratic Party (United States)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Democratic_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#B0CEFF;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Democratic Party (United States)">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Party_System" title="Second Party System">Second Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Party_System" title="Third Party System">Third Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Party_System" title="Fourth Party System">Fourth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Party_System" title="Fifth Party System">Fifth Party System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Party_System" title="Sixth Party System">Sixth Party System</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Convention" title="Democratic National Convention">National conventions</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets">presidential tickets</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">presidential primaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1828_United_States_presidential_election#Democratic_Party_nomination" title="1828 United States presidential election">1828 (None)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1832_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1832 Democratic National Convention">1832 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1835_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1835 Democratic National Convention">1835 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Mentor_Johnson" title="Richard Mentor Johnson">R. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1840_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1840 Democratic National Convention">1840 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Van_Buren" title="Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a>/None</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1844_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1844 Democratic National Convention">1844 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1848_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1848 Democratic National Convention">1848 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Orlando_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="William Orlando Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1852_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1852 Democratic National Convention">1852 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1856 Democratic National Convention">1856 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_Democratic_National_Conventions" title="1860 Democratic National Conventions">1860 (Charleston/Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Douglas</a>/<a href="/wiki/Herschel_V._Johnson" title="Herschel V. Johnson">H. Johnson</a> (<a href="/wiki/John_C._Breckinridge" title="John C. Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lane" title="Joseph Lane">Lane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrats" title="Southern Democrats">SD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1864 Democratic National Convention">1864 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_B._McClellan" title="George B. McClellan">McClellan</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1868 Democratic National Convention">1868 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Seymour" title="Horatio Seymour">Seymour</a>/<a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Blair_Jr." title="Francis Preston Blair Jr.">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1872 Democratic National Convention">1872 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Greeley</a>/<a href="/wiki/B._Gratz_Brown" title="B. Gratz Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1876 Democratic National Convention">1876 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Tilden" title="Samuel J. Tilden">Tilden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1880_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1880 Democratic National Convention">1880 (Cincinnati)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Winfield_Scott_Hancock" title="Winfield Scott Hancock">Hancock</a>/<a href="/wiki/William_Hayden_English" title="William Hayden English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1884 Democratic National Convention">1884 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Hendricks" title="Thomas A. Hendricks">Hendricks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1888 Democratic National Convention">1888 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Thurman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1892 Democratic National Convention">1892 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1896 Democratic National Convention">1896 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sewall" title="Arthur Sewall">Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1900 Democratic National Convention">1900 (Kansas City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_I" title="Adlai Stevenson I">Stevenson I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1904 Democratic National Convention">1904 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Davis" title="Henry G. Davis">H. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1908 Democratic National Convention">1908 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">W. Bryan</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1912 Democratic National Convention">1912 (Baltimore)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1912_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1912 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1916 Democratic National Convention">1916 (Saint Louis)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thomas_R._Marshall" title="Thomas R. Marshall">Marshall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1916_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1916 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1920 Democratic National Convention">1920 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/James_M._Cox" title="James M. Cox">Cox</a>/<a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1920 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1924 Democratic National Convention">1924 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_W._Davis" title="John W. Davis">J. Davis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Bryan" title="Charles W. Bryan">C. Bryan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1924_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1924 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1928 Democratic National Convention">1928 (Houston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1928_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1928 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1932 Democratic National Convention">1932 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1932_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1932 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1936 Democratic National Convention">1936 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1936 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1940 Democratic National Convention">1940 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1940 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1944 Democratic National Convention">1944 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a>/<a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1944_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1944 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1948 Democratic National Convention">1948 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1948 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1952 Democratic National Convention">1952 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Sparkman" title="John Sparkman">Sparkman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1956 Democratic National Convention">1956 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adlai_Stevenson_II" title="Adlai Stevenson II">Stevenson II</a>/<a href="/wiki/Estes_Kefauver" title="Estes Kefauver">Kefauver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1956_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1956 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1960 Democratic National Convention">1960 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1960 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1964 Democratic National Convention">1964 (Atlantic City)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">L. Johnson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1964_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1964 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1968 Democratic National Convention">1968 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Humphrey</a>/<a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Muskie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1968 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">1972 (Miami Beach)</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a>/(<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">Eagleton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Shriver</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1976 Democratic National Convention">1976 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1976_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1980 Democratic National Convention">1980 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Carter</a>/<a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1984 Democratic National Convention">1984 (San Francisco)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Mondale" title="Walter Mondale">Mondale</a>/<a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Ferraro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1984_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1988 Democratic National Convention">1988 (Atlanta)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dukakis" title="Michael Dukakis">Dukakis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Bentsen" title="Lloyd Bentsen">Bentsen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1988 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1992 Democratic National Convention">1992 (New York)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1992_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1996 Democratic National Convention">1996 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">B. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1996 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2000 Democratic National Convention">2000 (Los Angeles)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Gore</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Lieberman" title="Joe Lieberman">Lieberman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 (Boston)</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a>/<a href="/wiki/John_Edwards" title="John Edwards">Edwards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">2008 (Denver)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">2012 (Charlotte)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2016 Democratic National Convention">2016 (Philadelphia)</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">H. Clinton</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2016 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2020 Democratic National Convention">2020 (Milwaukee/other locations)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Biden</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2024 Democratic National Convention">2024 (Chicago)</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Harris</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">Presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Administration_(government)" title="Administration (government)">administrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Jackson" title="Presidency of Andrew Jackson">Jackson</a> (1829–1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Martin_Van_Buren" title="Presidency of Martin Van Buren">Van Buren</a> (1837–1841)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_K._Polk" title="Presidency of James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1845–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_Pierce" title="Presidency of Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a> (1853–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_James_Buchanan" title="Presidency of James Buchanan">Buchanan</a> (1857–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Andrew_Johnson" title="Presidency of Andrew Johnson">A. Johnson</a> (1868–1869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidencies_of_Grover_Cleveland" title="Presidencies of Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a> (1885–1889; 1893–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Presidency of Woodrow Wilson">Wilson</a> (1913–1921)</li> <li>Roosevelt (<a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_first_and_second_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, first and second terms">1933–1941</a>; <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Franklin_D._Roosevelt,_third_and_fourth_terms" title="Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, third and fourth terms">1941–1945</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Presidency of Harry S. Truman">Truman</a> (1945–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_John_F._Kennedy" title="Presidency of John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1961–1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">L. B. Johnson</a> (1963–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Carter</a> (1977–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton</a> (1993–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Obama</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden</a> (2021–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">U.S. House leaders</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives">Speakers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">Caucus chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Stevenson" title="Andrew Stevenson">A. Stevenson</a> (1827–1834)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)" title="John Bell (Tennessee politician)">Bell</a> (1834–1835)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a> (1835–1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winston_Jones" title="John Winston Jones">J. W. Jones</a> (1843–1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Davis" title="John Wesley Davis">Davis</a> (1845–1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howell_Cobb" title="Howell Cobb">Cobb</a> (1849–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_Boyd" title="Linn Boyd">Boyd</a> (1851–1855)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Jones_(Tennessee_politician)" title="George Washington Jones (Tennessee politician)">G. W. Jones</a> (1855–1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawrence_Orr" title="James Lawrence Orr">Orr</a> (1857–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Houston" title="George S. Houston">Houston</a> (1859–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a>/<a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1869–1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Niblack" title="William E. Niblack">Niblack</a> (1873–1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Kerr" title="Michael C. Kerr">Kerr</a> (1875–1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a> (1876–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Carlisle" title="John G. Carlisle">Carlisle</a> (1883–1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a> (1889–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Frederick_Crisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Frederick Crisp">Crisp</a> (1891–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Culberson" title="David B. Culberson">D. B. Culberson</a> (1895–1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Richardson" title="James D. Richardson">Richardson</a> (1897–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sharp_Williams" title="John Sharp Williams">Williams</a> (1903–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_Clark" title="Champ Clark">Clark</a> (1909–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a> (1921–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finis_J._Garrett" title="Finis J. Garrett">Garrett</a> (1923–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Nance_Garner" title="John Nance Garner">Garner</a> (1929–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Thomas_Rainey" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Thomas Rainey">Rainey</a> (1933–1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Byrns" title="Jo Byrns">Byrns</a> (1935–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Bankhead" title="William B. Bankhead">Bankhead</a> (1936–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a> (1940–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a> (1962–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Albert" title="Carl Albert">Albert</a> (1971–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a> (1977–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wright" title="Jim Wright">Wright</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Foley</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gephardt" title="Dick Gephardt">Gephardt</a> (1995–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Pelosi</a> (2003–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Jeffries</a> (2023–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">U.S. Senate leaders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Caucus chairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stevenson" title="John W. Stevenson">J. W. Stevenson</a> (1873–1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Wallace" title="William A. Wallace">Wallace</a> (1877–1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Pendleton" title="George H. Pendleton">Pendleton</a> (1881–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Beck" title="James B. Beck">Beck</a> (1885–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1890–1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Turpie" title="David Turpie">Turpie</a> (1898–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">J. K. Jones</a> (1899–1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Gorman" title="Arthur P. Gorman">Gorman</a> (1903–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._S._Blackburn" title="J. C. S. Blackburn">Blackburn</a> (1906–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Culberson" title="Charles A. Culberson">C. A. Culberson</a> (1907–1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hernando_Money" title="Hernando Money">Money</a> (1909–1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1911–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Kern" title="John W. Kern">Kern</a> (1913–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Martin" title="Thomas S. Martin">Martin</a> (1917–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hitchcock" title="Gilbert Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a> (1919–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a> (1920–1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_T._Robinson" title="Joseph T. Robinson">Robinson</a> (1923–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alben_W._Barkley" title="Alben W. Barkley">Barkley</a> (1937–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_W._Lucas" title="Scott W. Lucas">Lucas</a> (1949–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_McFarland" title="Ernest McFarland">McFarland</a> (1951–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a> (1953–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Mansfield" title="Mike Mansfield">Mansfield</a> (1961–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (1977–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Mitchell" title="George J. Mitchell">Mitchell</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Daschle" title="Tom Daschle">Daschle</a> (1995–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a> (2005–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Schumer</a> (2017–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">DNC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Hallett" title="Benjamin F. Hallett">Hallett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Milligan_McLane" title="Robert Milligan McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Allen_Smalley" title="David Allen Smalley">Smalley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Belmont" title="August Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Schell" title="Augustus Schell">Schell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abram_Hewitt" title="Abram Hewitt">Hewitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barnum" title="William Barnum">Barnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_S._Brice" title="Calvin S. Brice">Brice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Harrity" title="William F. Harrity">Harrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Taggart" title="Thomas Taggart">Taggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_E._Mack" title="Norman E. Mack">Mack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._McCombs" title="William F. McCombs">McCombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_C._McCormick" title="Vance C. McCormick">McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homer_Stille_Cummings" title="Homer Stille Cummings">Cummings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_White_(Ohio_politician)" title="George White (Ohio politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cordell_Hull" title="Cordell Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clem_L._Shaver" title="Clem L. Shaver">Shaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Raskob" title="John J. Raskob">Raskob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farley" title="James Farley">Farley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Flynn" title="Edward J. Flynn">Flynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_C._Walker" title="Frank C. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Hannegan" title="Robert E. Hannegan">Hannegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_McGrath" title="J. Howard McGrath">McGrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Boyle" title="William M. Boyle">Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_E._McKinney" title="Frank E. McKinney">McKinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Mitchell_(politician)" title="Stephen A. Mitchell (politician)">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Butler_(lawyer)" title="Paul Butler (lawyer)">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Moran_Bailey" title="John Moran Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_O%27Brien" title="Larry O'Brien">O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Westwood_(politician)" title="Jean Westwood (politician)">Westwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Strauss" title="Robert S. Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_M._Curtis" title="Kenneth M. Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Coyle_White" title="John Coyle White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Manatt" title="Charles Manatt">Manatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Kirk" title="Paul G. Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Brown" title="Ron Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Wilhelm" title="David Wilhelm">Wilhelm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debra_DeLee" title="Debra DeLee">DeLee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Dodd" title="Chris Dodd">Dodd</a>/<a href="/wiki/Donald_Fowler" title="Donald Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Romer" title="Roy Romer">Romer</a>/<a href="/wiki/Steven_Grossman_(politician)" title="Steven Grossman (politician)">Grossman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Rendell" title="Ed Rendell">Rendell</a>/<a href="/wiki/Joe_Andrew" title="Joe Andrew">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_McAuliffe" title="Terry McAuliffe">McAuliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Dean" title="Howard Dean">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Kaine" title="Tim Kaine">Kaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debbie_Wasserman_Schultz" title="Debbie Wasserman Schultz">Wasserman Schultz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Perez" title="Tom Perez">Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Harrison" title="Jaime Harrison">Harrison</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_parties_of_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="List of state parties of the Democratic Party (United States)">State and territorial parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Democratic_Party" title="Alabama Democratic Party">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Democratic_Party" title="Alaska Democratic Party">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Democratic_Party" title="Arizona Democratic Party">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Arkansas" title="Democratic Party of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Democratic_Party" title="Colorado Democratic Party">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Connecticut" title="Democratic Party of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Democratic_Party" title="Delaware Democratic Party">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Democratic_Party" title="Florida Democratic Party">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Georgia" title="Democratic Party of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Hawaii" title="Democratic Party of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Democratic_Party" title="Idaho Democratic Party">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Illinois" title="Democratic Party of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Democratic_Party" title="Indiana Democratic Party">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Democratic_Party" title="Iowa Democratic Party">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Democratic_Party" title="Kansas Democratic Party">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Democratic_Party" title="Kentucky Democratic Party">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Democratic_Party" title="Louisiana Democratic Party">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine_Democratic_Party" title="Maine Democratic Party">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Democratic_Party" title="Maryland Democratic Party">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Democratic_Party" title="Massachusetts Democratic Party">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_Democratic_Party" title="Michigan Democratic Party">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Democratic_Party" title="Mississippi Democratic Party">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Democratic_Party" title="Missouri Democratic Party">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Democratic_Party" title="Montana Democratic Party">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska_Democratic_Party" title="Nebraska Democratic Party">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Democratic_Party" title="Nevada Democratic Party">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Democratic_Party" title="New Hampshire Democratic Party">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Democratic_State_Committee" title="New Jersey Democratic State Committee">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_New_Mexico" title="Democratic Party of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Democratic_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Democratic Committee">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="North Carolina Democratic Party">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_Democratic%E2%80%93Nonpartisan_League_Party" title="North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Democratic_Party" title="Ohio Democratic Party">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Democratic_Party" title="Oklahoma Democratic Party">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Oregon" title="Democratic Party of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Democratic_Party" title="Pennsylvania Democratic Party">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island_Democratic_Party" title="Rhode Island Democratic Party">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Democratic_Party" title="South Carolina Democratic Party">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_Democratic_Party" title="South Dakota Democratic Party">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Democratic_Party" title="Tennessee Democratic Party">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Democratic_Party" title="Texas Democratic Party">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Democratic_Party" title="Utah Democratic Party">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Democratic_Party" title="Vermont Democratic Party">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Virginia" title="Democratic Party of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_State_Democratic_Party" title="Washington State Democratic Party">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Democratic_Party" title="West Virginia Democratic Party">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Wisconsin" title="Democratic Party of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Democratic_Party" title="Wyoming Democratic Party">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa_Democratic_Party" title="American Samoa Democratic Party">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Democratic_State_Committee" title="District of Columbia Democratic State Committee">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Guam" title="Democratic Party of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Northern_Mariana_Islands)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Northern Mariana Islands)">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Democratic Party (Puerto Rico)">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Democratic Party of the Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)_organizations" title="Democratic Party (United States) organizations">Affiliated groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Congress</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Senate Caucus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Policy_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Policy Committee">Policy Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Steering_and_Outreach_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Steering and Outreach Committee">Steering and Outreach Committee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">House Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Democratic Party (United States)">Factions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Dog_Coalition" title="Blue Dog Coalition">Blue Dog Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Progressive_Caucus" title="Congressional Progressive Caucus">Congressional Progressive Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Democrats" title="Justice Democrats">Justice Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democrat_Coalition" title="New Democrat Coalition">New Democrat Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_Solvers_Caucus" title="Problem Solvers Caucus">Problem Solvers Caucus</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Fundraising</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Attorneys_General_Association" title="Democratic Attorneys General Association">Democratic Attorneys General Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee">Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Governors_Association" title="Democratic Governors Association">Democratic Governors Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Legislative_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee">Democratic Legislative Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Senatorial_Campaign_Committee" title="Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee">Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conference_of_Democratic_Mayors" title="National Conference of Democratic Mayors">National Conference of Democratic Mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Redistricting_Committee" title="National Democratic Redistricting Committee">National Democratic Redistricting Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Sectional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_Democrats_of_America" title="College Democrats of America">College Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_Abroad" title="Democrats Abroad">Democrats Abroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Democratic_Women" title="National Federation of Democratic Women">National Federation of Democratic Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Democrats" title="Stonewall Democrats">Stonewall Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Young_Democrats" title="Stonewall Young Democrats">Stonewall Young Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Democrats_of_America" title="Young Democrats of America">Young Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_Democrats_of_America" title="High School Democrats of America">High School Democrats of America</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#B0CEFF;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="List of Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_candidates" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential candidates">Presidential candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_presidential_debates" title="Democratic Party presidential debates">Debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superdelegate" title="Superdelegate">Superdelegate</a></li> <li>Chairmanship elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2005_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2005 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2017 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2021 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Democratic_National_Committee_chairmanship_election" title="2025 Democratic National Committee chairmanship election">2025</a></li></ul></li> <li>House caucus leadership elections <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2006_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2006 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_House_of_Representatives_Democratic_Caucus_leadership_election" title="2018 United States House of Representatives Democratic Caucus leadership election">2018</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weekly_Democratic_Address" title="Weekly Democratic Address">Weekly Democratic Address</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Legal_Services_Corporation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Legal_Services_Corporation" title="Template:Legal Services Corporation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Legal_Services_Corporation" title="Template talk:Legal Services Corporation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Legal_Services_Corporation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Legal Services Corporation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Legal_Services_Corporation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Legal_Services_Corporation" title="Legal Services Corporation">Legal Services Corporation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian_Legal_Corporation" title="Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation">Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colorado_Legal_Services&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colorado Legal Services (page does not exist)">Colorado Legal Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_RioGrande_Legal_Aid,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Texas RioGrande Legal Aid, Inc.">Texas RioGrande Legal Aid, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wyoming_Legal_Services,_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wyoming Legal Services, Inc. (page does not exist)">Wyoming Legal Services, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_Aid_Society_of_Louisville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legal Aid Society of Louisville (page does not exist)">Legal Aid Society of Louisville</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National chairs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/F._William_McCalpin" title="F. William McCalpin">F. William McCalpin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hillary Rodham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Harvey" title="William F. Harvey">William F. Harvey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Services_Corp._v._Velazquez" title="Legal Services Corp. v. Velazquez">Legal Services Corp. v. Velazquez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rose_Law_Firm" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rose_Law_Firm" title="Template:Rose Law Firm"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rose_Law_Firm" title="Template talk:Rose Law Firm"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rose_Law_Firm" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rose Law Firm"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rose_Law_Firm" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rose_Law_Firm" title="Rose Law Firm">Rose Law Firm</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Crittenden" title="Robert Crittenden">Robert Crittenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Ashley" title="Chester Ashley">Chester Ashley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prominent partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hillary Rodham Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_Hubbell" title="Webster Hubbell">Webster Hubbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Foster" title="Vince Foster">Vince Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Kennedy,_III" class="mw-redirect" title="William H. Kennedy, III">William H. Kennedy, III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Law_Firm" title="Rose Law Firm">George C. Watkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U._M._Rose" title="U. M. Rose">U. M. Rose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prominent clients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyson_Foods" title="Tyson Foods">Tyson Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Democrat-Gazette" title="Arkansas Democrat-Gazette">Arkansas Democrat-Gazette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WEHCO_Media" title="WEHCO Media">WEHCO Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephens_Inc." title="Stephens Inc.">Stephens Inc.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arkansas_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arkansas_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arkansas_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arkansas_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arkansas_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame">Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Ann_Arnold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Ann Arnold (page does not exist)">Mary Ann Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Bates_(activist)" title="Daisy Bates (activist)">Daisy Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bumpers" title="Betty Bumpers">Betty Bumpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattie_Caraway" title="Hattie Caraway">Hattie Caraway</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hester_A._Davis" title="Hester A. Davis">Hester A. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Fulbright" title="Roberta Fulbright">Roberta Fulbright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_L._Good" title="Mary L. Good">Mary L. Good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnelle_Hunt" title="Johnelle Hunt">Johnelle Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Irby_Jones" title="Edith Irby Jones">Edith Irby Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Walton" title="Alice Walton">Alice Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Emergency_Committee_to_Open_Our_Schools" title="Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools">Women's Emergency Committee to Open Our Schools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kay_Kelley_Arnold&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kay Kelley Arnold (page does not exist)">Kay Kelley Arnold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettye_Caldwell" title="Bettye Caldwell">Bettye Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathy_Cunningham_(community_activist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cathy Cunningham (community activist) (page does not exist)">Cathy Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joycelyn_Elders" title="Joycelyn Elders">Joycelyn Elders</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Betty_Ann_Lowe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Betty Ann Lowe (page does not exist)">Betty Ann Lowe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Religious_Sisters_of_Mercy_of_the_Americas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Religious Sisters of Mercy of the Americas (page does not exist)">Religious Sisters of Mercy of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lottie_Shackelford" title="Lottie Shackelford">Lottie Shackelford</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patti_Upton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patti Upton (page does not exist)">Patti Upton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Walker_(philanthropist)" title="Pat Walker (philanthropist)">Pat Walker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernice_Young_Jones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernice Young Jones (page does not exist)">Bernice Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=June_B._Freeman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="June B. Freeman (page does not exist)">June B. Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruth_Hawkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruth Hawkins (page does not exist)">Ruth Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brinda_J._Jackson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brinda J. Jackson (page does not exist)">Brinda J. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Lile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pat Lile (page does not exist)">Pat Lile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsijane_Trimble_Roy" title="Elsijane Trimble Roy">Elsijane Trimble Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joanna_Seibert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joanna Seibert (page does not exist)">Joanna Seibert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Stuck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorothy Stuck (page does not exist)">Dorothy Stuck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivetan_Benedictine_Sisters&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olivetan Benedictine Sisters (page does not exist)">Olivetan Benedictine Sisters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolyn_F._Blakely&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carolyn F. Blakely (page does not exist)">Carolyn F. Blakely</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karen_Flake&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karen Flake (page does not exist)">Karen Flake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_T._Griffin" title="Sue T. Griffin">Sue Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raye_Montague" title="Raye Montague">Raye Montague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Boehm_Moore" title="Bessie Boehm Moore">Bessie Grace Boehm Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Price" title="Florence Price">Florence Beatrice Smith Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Steenburgen" title="Mary Steenburgen">Mary Steenburgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annabelle_Clinton_Imber_Tuck" title="Annabelle Clinton Imber Tuck">Annabelle Clinton Imber Tuck</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women%E2%80%99s_Foundation_of_Arkansas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Women’s Foundation of Arkansas (page does not exist)">Women’s Foundation of Arkansas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alice_Andrews_(conservationist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alice Andrews (conservationist) (page does not exist)">Alice Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alpha_Kappa_Alpha_Sorority%E2%80%99s_Beta_Pi_Omega_Chapter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority’s Beta Pi Omega Chapter (page does not exist)">Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority’s Beta Pi Omega Chapter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Blair" title="Diane Blair">Diane Frances Divers Kincaid Blair </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olivia_Farrell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olivia Farrell (page does not exist)">Olivia Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Luck" title="Jo Luck">Jo Luck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Tillar_Schexnayder" title="Charlotte Tillar Schexnayder">Charlotte Tillar Schexnayder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Thaden" title="Louise Thaden">Louise McPhetridge Thaden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carolyn_Witherspoon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carolyn Witherspoon (page does not exist)">Carolyn Witherspoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Louise_Sirman_Clark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Louise Sirman Clark (page does not exist)">Margaret Louise Sirman Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cynthia_L._Conger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cynthia L. Conger (page does not exist)">Cynthia L. Conger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hispanic_Women%27s_Organization_of_Arkansas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hispanic Women's Organization of Arkansas (page does not exist)">Hispanic Women's Organization of Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownie_Ledbetter" title="Brownie Ledbetter">Brownie Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dorothy_Morris_(philanthropist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorothy Morris (philanthropist) (page does not exist)">Dorothy Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Pollan" title="Carolyn Pollan">Carolyn Pollan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amy_Rossi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amy Rossi (page does not exist)">Amy Rossi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_Rosetta_Tharpe" title="Sister Rosetta Tharpe">Sister Rosetta Tharpe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sandra_Keiser_Edwards&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sandra Keiser Edwards (page does not exist)">Sandra Keiser Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_McFadden_Hoover" title="Dorothy McFadden Hoover">Dorothy McFadden Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cathy_Hastings_Owen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cathy Hastings Owen (page does not exist)">Cathy Hastings Owen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pat_Steele_Qualls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pat Steele Qualls (page does not exist)">Pat Steele Qualls</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nan_Snow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nan Snow (page does not exist)">Nan Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphine_Fletcher_Terry" title="Adolphine Fletcher Terry">Adolphine Fletcher Terry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Williams_Warren" title="Joyce Williams Warren">Joyce Williams Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Women%27s_Giving_Circle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Women's Giving Circle (page does not exist)">Women's Giving Circle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Audio_Book,_Narration_&amp;_Storytelling_Recording" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cedff2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" title="Template:Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" title="Template talk:Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Spoken_Word_Album" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grammy_Award_for_Best_Audio_Book,_Narration_&amp;_Storytelling_Recording" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Audio_Book,_Narration_%26_Storytelling_Recording" title="Grammy Award for Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording">Grammy Award for Best Audio Book, Narration & Storytelling Recording</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The Best of the Stan Freberg Shows – <a href="/wiki/Stan_Freberg" title="Stan Freberg">Stan Freberg</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Portrait" title="Lincoln Portrait">Lincoln Portrait</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a> (1959)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>FDR Speaks – Robert Bialek (producer) (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein_Discusses_Humor_in_Music_and_Conducts_Till_Eulenspiegel%27s_Merry_Pranks" title="Leonard Bernstein Discusses Humor in Music and Conducts Till Eulenspiegel's Merry Pranks">Humor in Music</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> (1961)</li> <li>The Story-Teller: A Session with Charles Laughton – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Laughton" title="Charles Laughton">Charles Laughton</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Afraid_of_Virginia_Woolf%3F" title="Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?">Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a> (playwright) (1963)</li> <li>BBC Tribute to John F. Kennedy – <a href="/wiki/That_Was_the_Week_That_Was" title="That Was the Week That Was">That Was the Week That Was</a> (1964)</li> <li>John F. Kennedy: As We Remember Him – <a href="/wiki/Goddard_Lieberson" title="Goddard Lieberson">Goddard Lieberson</a> (producer) (1965)</li> <li>Edward R. Murrow - A Reporter Remembers, Vol. I: The War Years – <a href="/wiki/Edward_R._Murrow" title="Edward R. Murrow">Edward R. Murrow</a> (1966)</li> <li>Gallant Men – <a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Everett Dirksen</a> (1967)</li> <li>Lonesome Cities – <a href="/wiki/Rod_McKuen" title="Rod McKuen">Rod McKuen</a> (1968)</li> <li>We Love You Call Collect – <a href="/wiki/Art_Linkletter" title="Art Linkletter">Art Linkletter</a> & <a href="/wiki/Diane_Linkletter" title="Diane Linkletter">Diane Linkletter</a> (1969)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Why I Oppose the War in Vietnam – <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desiderata_(Les_Crane_album)" title="Desiderata (Les Crane album)">Desiderata</a> – <a href="/wiki/Les_Crane" title="Les Crane">Les Crane</a> (1971)</li> <li>Lenny – <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Botnick" title="Bruce Botnick">Bruce Botnick</a> (producer) & the Original Broadway Cast (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Livingston_Seagull" title="Jonathan Livingston Seagull">Jonathan Livingston Seagull</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Harris" title="Richard Harris">Richard Harris</a> (1973)</li> <li>Good Evening – <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dudley_Moore" title="Dudley Moore">Dudley Moore</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Give_%27em_Hell,_Harry!" title="Give 'em Hell, Harry!">Give 'em Hell, Harry!</a> – <a href="/wiki/James_Whitmore" title="James Whitmore">James Whitmore</a> (1975)</li> <li>Great American Documents – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Belle_of_Amherst" title="The Belle of Amherst">The Belle of Amherst</a> – <a href="/wiki/Julie_Harris" title="Julie Harris">Julie Harris</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1978)</li> <li>Ages of Man: Readings from Shakespeare – <a href="/wiki/John_Gielgud" title="John Gielgud">John Gielgud</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Stein" title="Gertrude Stein">Gertrude Stein, Gertrude Stein, Gertrude Stein</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pat_Carroll" title="Pat Carroll">Pat Carroll</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donovan%27s_Brain" title="Donovan's Brain">Donovan's Brain</a> – <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raiders_of_the_Lost_Ark" title="Raiders of the Lost Ark">Raiders of the Lost Ark: The Movie on Record</a> – Tom Voegeli (producer) and Various Artists (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Portrait" title="Lincoln Portrait">Lincoln Portrait</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Warfield" title="William Warfield">William Warfield</a> (1983)</li> <li>The Words of Gandhi – <a href="/wiki/Ben_Kingsley" title="Ben Kingsley">Ben Kingsley</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Rainey%27s_Black_Bottom" title="Ma Rainey's Black Bottom">Ma Rainey's Black Bottom</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mike_Berniker" title="Mike Berniker">Mike Berniker</a> (producer) & the Original Broadway Cast (1985)</li> <li>Interviews from the Class of '55 Recording Sessions – <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Cash" title="Johnny Cash">Johnny Cash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lee_Lewis" title="Jerry Lee Lewis">Jerry Lee Lewis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chips_Moman" title="Chips Moman">Chips Moman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ricky_Nelson" title="Ricky Nelson">Ricky Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Orbison" title="Roy Orbison">Roy Orbison</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Perkins" title="Carl Perkins">Carl Perkins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Phillips" title="Sam Phillips">Sam Phillips</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Wobegon_Days" title="Lake Wobegon Days">Lake Wobegon Days</a> – <a href="/wiki/Garrison_Keillor" title="Garrison Keillor">Garrison Keillor</a> (1987)</li> <li>Speech by Rev. Jesse Jackson – <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a> (1988)</li> <li>It's Always Something – <a href="/wiki/Gilda_Radner" title="Gilda Radner">Gilda Radner</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gracie:_A_Love_Story" title="Gracie: A Love Story">Gracie: A Love Story</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Burns" title="George Burns">George Burns</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Civil_War_(miniseries)" title="The Civil War (miniseries)">The Civil War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ken_Burns" title="Ken Burns">Ken Burns</a> (1991)</li> <li>What You Can Do to Avoid AIDS – <a href="/wiki/Magic_Johnson" title="Magic Johnson">Earvin "Magic" Johnson</a> and Robert O'Keefe (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Pulse_of_Morning" title="On the Pulse of Morning">On the Pulse of Morning</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_in_the_Van" title="Get in the Van">Get in the Van</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Rollins" title="Henry Rollins">Henry Rollins</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenomenal_Woman:_Four_Poems_Celebrating_Women" title="Phenomenal Woman: Four Poems Celebrating Women">Phenomenal Woman</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Takes_a_Village" title="It Takes a Village">It Takes a Village</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hillary Clinton</a> (1996)</li> <li>Charles Kuralt's Spring – <a href="/wiki/Charles_Kuralt" title="Charles Kuralt">Charles Kuralt</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_Me" title="Still Me">Still Me</a> – <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Reeve" title="Christopher Reeve">Christopher Reeve</a> (1998)</li> <li>The Autobiography of Martin Luther King Jr. – <a href="/wiki/LeVar_Burton" title="LeVar Burton">LeVar Burton</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Measure_of_a_Man:_A_Spiritual_Autobiography" title="The Measure of a Man: A Spiritual Autobiography">The Measure of a Man: A Spiritual Autobiography</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Poitier" title="Sidney Poitier">Sidney Poitier</a>, Rick Harris, and John Runnette (producers) (2000)</li> <li>Q: The Autobiography of Quincy Jones – <a href="/wiki/Quincy_Jones" title="Quincy Jones">Quincy Jones</a>, Jeffrey S. Thomas, Steven Strassman (engineers), and Elisa Shokoff (producer) (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Song_Flung_Up_to_Heaven" title="A Song Flung Up to Heaven">A Song Flung Up to Heaven</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a> and Charles B. Potter (producer) (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lies_and_the_Lying_Liars_Who_Tell_Them" title="Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them">Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al_Franken" title="Al Franken">Al Franken</a> and Paul Ruben (producer) (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Life_(Clinton_autobiography)" title="My Life (Clinton autobiography)">My Life</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Father" title="Dreams from My Father">Dreams from My Father</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Endangered_Values" title="Our Endangered Values">Our Endangered Values: America's Moral Crisis</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> / With Ossie and Ruby – <a href="/wiki/Ossie_Davis" title="Ossie Davis">Ossie Davis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dee" title="Ruby Dee">Ruby Dee</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and Jacob Bronstein (producer) (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_Inconvenient_Truth_(book)" title="An Inconvenient Truth (book)">An Inconvenient Truth</a> by <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beau_Bridges" title="Beau Bridges">Beau Bridges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cynthia_Nixon" title="Cynthia Nixon">Cynthia Nixon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blair_Underwood" title="Blair Underwood">Blair Underwood</a> (2008)</li> <li>Always Looking Up – <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Fox" title="Michael J. Fox">Michael J. Fox</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth_(The_Book)" title="Earth (The Book)">The Daily Show with Jon Stewart Presents Earth (The Audiobook)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Jon Stewart</a> (2010)</li> <li>If You Ask Me (And of Course You Won't) – <a href="/wiki/Betty_White" title="Betty White">Betty White</a> (2011)</li> <li>Society's Child – <a href="/wiki/Janis_Ian" title="Janis Ian">Janis Ian</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_Again" title="America Again">America Again: Re-becoming the Greatness We Never Weren't</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Colbert" title="Stephen Colbert">Stephen Colbert</a> (2013)</li> <li>Diary of a Mad Diva – <a href="/wiki/Joan_Rivers" title="Joan Rivers">Joan Rivers</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Full_Life:_Reflections_at_90" class="mw-redirect" title="A Full Life: Reflections at 90">A Full Life: Reflections at 90</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (2015)</li> <li>In Such Good Company: Eleven Years of Laughter, Mayhem, and Fun in the Sandbox – <a href="/wiki/Carol_Burnett" title="Carol Burnett">Carol Burnett</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Princess_Diarist" title="The Princess Diarist">The Princess Diarist</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Fisher" title="Carrie Fisher">Carrie Fisher</a> (2017)</li> <li>Faith: A Journey for All – <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becoming_(book)" title="Becoming (book)">Becoming</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cedff2;;width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blowout_(book)" title="Blowout (book)">Blowout: Corrupted Democracy, Rogue State Russia, and the Richest, Most Destructive Industry on Earth</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Maddow" title="Rachel Maddow">Rachel Maddow</a> (2020)</li> <li>Carry On: Reflections for a New Generation from John Lewis − <a href="/wiki/Don_Cheadle" title="Don Cheadle">Don Cheadle</a> (2021)</li> <li>Finding Me – <a href="/wiki/Viola_Davis" title="Viola Davis">Viola Davis</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Light_We_Carry" title="The Light We Carry">The Light We Carry: Overcoming in Uncertain Times</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Women's Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inductees_to_the_National_Women&#039;s_Hall_of_Fame" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inductees to the <a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Hall_of_Fame" title="National Women's Hall of Fame">National Women's Hall of Fame</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1970–1979" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1970–1979</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1973</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Jane Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McLeod_Bethune" title="Mary McLeod Bethune">Mary McLeod Bethune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell" title="Elizabeth Blackwell">Elizabeth Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_S._Buck" title="Pearl S. Buck">Pearl S. Buck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Carson" title="Rachel Carson">Rachel Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Cassatt" title="Mary Cassatt">Mary Cassatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Earhart" title="Amelia Earhart">Amelia Earhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Hamilton" title="Alice Hamilton">Alice Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Helen Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Eleanor Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_R._Sabin" title="Florence R. Sabin">Florence Sabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Chase_Smith" title="Margaret Chase Smith">Margaret Chase Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_B._Taussig" title="Helen B. Taussig">Helen Brooke Taussig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Adams" title="Abigail Adams">Abigail Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babe_Didrikson_Zaharias" title="Babe Didrikson Zaharias">Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Dix" title="Dorothea Dix">Dorothea Dix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Gordon_Low" title="Juliette Gordon Low">Juliette Gordon Low</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Paul" title="Alice Paul">Alice Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Ann_Seton" title="Elizabeth Ann Seton">Elizabeth Bayley Seton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1980–1989" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1980–1989</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Margaret Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Perkins" title="Frances Perkins">Frances Perkins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belva_Ann_Lockwood" title="Belva Ann Lockwood">Belva Lockwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones" title="Mother Jones">Mary "Mother" Harris Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Smith" title="Bessie Smith">Bessie Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_McClintock" title="Barbara McClintock">Barbara McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Stone" title="Lucy Stone">Lucy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Brooks" title="Gwendolyn Brooks">Gwendolyn Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willa_Cather" title="Willa Cather">Willa Cather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Ride" title="Sally Ride">Sally Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Risteau" title="Mary Risteau">Mary Risteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells-Barnett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="1990–1999" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">1990–1999</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bourke-White" title="Margaret Bourke-White">Margaret Bourke-White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Jean_King" title="Billie Jean King">Billie Jean King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_B._Seibert" title="Florence B. Seibert">Florence B. Seibert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1991</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_B._Elion" title="Gertrude B. Elion">Gertrude Belle Elion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Percy_Andrus" title="Ethel Percy Andrus">Ethel Percy Andrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Antoinette Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Blackwell" title="Emily Blackwell">Emily Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Cochran" title="Jacqueline Cochran">Jacqueline Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Johnson_Colvin" title="Ruth Johnson Colvin">Ruth Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Wright_Edelman" title="Marian Wright Edelman">Marian Wright Edelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Catherine_Evans" title="Alice Catherine Evans">Alice Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Grasso" title="Ella Grasso">Ella Grasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Griffiths" title="Martha Griffiths">Martha Wright Griffiths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Height" title="Dorothy Height">Dorothy Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolores_Huerta" title="Dolores Huerta">Dolores Huerta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Putnam_Jacobi" title="Mary Putnam Jacobi">Mary Putnam Jacobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mae_Jemison" title="Mae Jemison">Mae Jemison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lyon" title="Mary Lyon">Mary Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Eliza_Mahoney" title="Mary Eliza Mahoney">Mary Mahoney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Mankiller" title="Wilma Mankiller">Wilma Mankiller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley" title="Constance Baker Motley">Constance Baker Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Oakley" title="Annie Oakley">Annie Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Peterson" title="Esther Peterson">Esther Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannette_Rankin" title="Jeannette Rankin">Jeannette Rankin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Swallow_Richards" title="Ellen Swallow Richards">Ellen Swallow Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Roulet" title="Elaine Roulet">Elaine Roulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Siva_Saubel" title="Katherine Siva Saubel">Katherine Siva Saubel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Steinem" title="Gloria Steinem">Gloria Steinem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Stephens" title="Helen Stephens">Helen Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Wald" title="Lillian Wald">Lillian Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madam_C._J._Walker" title="Madam C. J. Walker">Madam C. J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Wattleton" title="Faye Wattleton">Faye Wattleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalyn_Sussman_Yalow" title="Rosalyn Sussman Yalow">Rosalyn S. Yalow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Yerkovich" title="Gloria Yerkovich">Gloria Yerkovich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1994</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bella_Abzug" title="Bella Abzug">Bella Abzug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker" title="Ella Baker">Ella Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myra_Bradwell" title="Myra Bradwell">Myra Bradwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon" title="Annie Jump Cannon">Annie Jump Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Cunningham_Croly" title="Jane Cunningham Croly">Jane Cunningham Croly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Shipe_East" title="Catherine Shipe East">Catherine East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Ferraro" title="Geraldine Ferraro">Geraldine Ferraro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Charlotte Perkins Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Hopper" title="Grace Hopper">Grace Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_LaKelly_Hunt" title="Helen LaKelly Hunt">Helen LaKelly Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Zora Neale Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Hutchinson" title="Anne Hutchinson">Anne Hutchinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wisebart_Jacobs" title="Frances Wisebart Jacobs">Frances Wisebart Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susette_La_Flesche" title="Susette La Flesche">Susette La Flesche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_McManus" title="Louise McManus">Louise McManus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonia_Novello" title="Antonia Novello">Antonia Novello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Richards" title="Linda Richards">Linda Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Rudolph" title="Wilma Rudolph">Wilma Rudolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bone_Schiess" title="Betty Bone Schiess">Betty Bone Schiess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muriel_Siebert" title="Muriel Siebert">Muriel Siebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nettie_Stevens" title="Nettie Stevens">Nettie Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Winnemucca" title="Sarah Winnemucca">Sarah Winnemucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Wright" title="Frances Wright">Fanny Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1995</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Apgar" title="Virginia Apgar">Virginia Apgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Bancroft" title="Ann Bancroft">Ann Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Bloomer" title="Amelia Bloomer">Amelia Bloomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Carson_Breckinridge" title="Mary Carson Breckinridge">Mary Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Collins" title="Eileen Collins">Eileen Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dole" title="Elizabeth Dole">Elizabeth Hanford Dole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Dallas_Dudley" title="Anne Dallas Dudley">Anne Dallas Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Baker_Eddy" title="Mary Baker Eddy">Mary Baker Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Fuller" title="Margaret Fuller">Margaret Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Joslyn_Gage" title="Matilda Joslyn Gage">Matilda Joslyn Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Moller_Gilbreth" title="Lillian Moller Gilbreth">Lillian Moller Gilbreth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nannerl_O._Keohane" title="Nannerl O. Keohane">Nannerl O. Keohane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Kuhn" title="Maggie Kuhn">Maggie Kuhn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">Sandra Day O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_St._Pierre_Ruffin" title="Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin">Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Schroeder" title="Pat Schroeder">Pat Schroeder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_G._Solomon" title="Hannah G. Solomon">Hannah Greenebaum Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1996</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louisa_May_Alcott" title="Louisa May Alcott">Louisa May Alcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bunch" title="Charlotte Bunch">Charlotte Anne Bunch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Xavier_Cabrini" title="Frances Xavier Cabrini">Frances Xavier Cabrini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Hallaren" title="Mary Hallaren">Mary A. Hallaren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oveta_Culp_Hobby" title="Oveta Culp Hobby">Oveta Culp Hobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Holladay" title="Wilhelmina Holladay">Wilhelmina Cole Holladay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Morrow_Lindbergh" title="Anne Morrow Lindbergh">Anne Morrow Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert_Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert Mayer">Maria Goeppert Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestine_Rose" title="Ernestine Rose">Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Wharton" title="Edith Wharton">Edith Wharton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_Albright" title="Madeleine Albright">Madeleine Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellie_Bly" title="Nellie Bly">Nellie Bly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Moss_Bradley" title="Lydia Moss Bradley">Lydia Moss Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Calderone" title="Mary Calderone">Mary Steichen Calderone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ann_Shadd" title="Mary Ann Shadd">Mary Ann Shadd Cary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Ganz_Cooney" title="Joan Ganz Cooney">Joan Ganz Cooney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerty_Cori" title="Gerty Cori">Gerty Cori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Moore_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Sarah Moore Grimké">Sarah Grimké</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Ward_Howe" title="Julia Ward Howe">Julia Ward Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Ann_Jackson" title="Shirley Ann Jackson">Shirley Ann Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Lucid" title="Shannon Lucid">Shannon Lucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_McCormick" title="Katharine McCormick">Katharine Dexter McCormick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozanne_L._Ridgway" title="Rozanne L. Ridgway">Rozanne L. Ridgway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">Edith Nourse Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felice_Schwartz" title="Felice Schwartz">Felice Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunice_Kennedy_Shriver" title="Eunice Kennedy Shriver">Eunice Kennedy Shriver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence_Wald" title="Florence Wald">Florence Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelina_Grimk%C3%A9" title="Angelina Grimké">Angelina Grimké Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chien-Shiung_Wu" title="Chien-Shiung Wu">Chien-Shiung Wu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2000–2009" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2000–2009</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faye_Glenn_Abdellah" title="Faye Glenn Abdellah">Faye Glenn Abdellah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Smith_DeVoe" title="Emma Smith DeVoe">Emma Smith DeVoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjory_Stoneman_Douglas" title="Marjory Stoneman Douglas">Marjory Stoneman Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Dyer" title="Mary Dyer">Mary Dyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia A. Earle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_Eastman" title="Crystal Eastman">Crystal Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_M._Holm" title="Jeanne M. Holm">Jeanne Holm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leontine_T._Kelly" title="Leontine T. Kelly">Leontine T. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Oldham_Kelsey" title="Frances Oldham Kelsey">Frances Oldham Kelsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Mullany" title="Kate Mullany">Kate Mullany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Reno" title="Janet Reno">Janet Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Howard_Shaw" title="Anna Howard Shaw">Anna Howard Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Smith_(Smith_College)" title="Sophia Smith (Smith College)">Sophia Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_Tarbell" title="Ida Tarbell">Ida Tarbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilma_Vaught" title="Wilma Vaught">Wilma L. Vaught</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Edwards_Walker" title="Mary Edwards Walker">Mary Edwards Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Dodge_Wauneka" title="Annie Dodge Wauneka">Annie Dodge Wauneka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances E. Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hansine_Andersen" title="Dorothy Hansine Andersen">Dorothy H. Andersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucille_Ball" title="Lucille Ball">Lucille Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalynn_Carter" title="Rosalynn Carter">Rosalynn Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydia_Maria_Child" title="Lydia Maria Child">Lydia Maria Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bessie_Coleman" title="Bessie Coleman">Bessie Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Day" title="Dorothy Day">Dorothy Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_de_Forest" title="Marian de Forest">Marian de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althea_Gibson" title="Althea Gibson">Althea Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Hicks" title="Beatrice Hicks">Beatrice A. Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Holdridge" title="Barbara Holdridge">Barbara Holdridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Williams_Russell_Strong" title="Harriet Williams Russell Strong">Harriet Williams Russell Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howell_Warner" title="Emily Howell Warner">Emily Howell Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Victoria Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2002</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paulina_Kellogg_Wright_Davis" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis">Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Ruth Bader Ginsburg">Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Graham" title="Katharine Graham">Katharine Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertha_Holt" title="Bertha Holt">Bertha Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Engle_Pennington" title="Mary Engle Pennington">Mary Engle Pennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Otis_Warren" title="Mercy Otis Warren">Mercy Otis Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linda_G._Alvarado" title="Linda G. Alvarado">Linda G. Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_de_Varona" title="Donna de Varona">Donna de Varona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Ederle" title="Gertrude Ederle">Gertrude Ederle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Matilda_Harper" title="Martha Matilda Harper">Martha Matilda Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Roberts Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Kwolek" title="Stephanie Kwolek">Stephanie L. Kwolek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Lange" title="Dorothea Lange">Dorothea Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Robbins_Leet" title="Mildred Robbins Leet">Mildred Robbins Leet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink">Patsy Takemoto Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacagawea" title="Sacagawea">Sacagawea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Sullivan" title="Anne Sullivan">Anne Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Widnall" title="Sheila Widnall">Sheila E. Widnall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2005</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Florence_E._Allen" title="Florence E. Allen">Florence E. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Ruth Fulton Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Bumpers" title="Betty Bumpers">Betty Bumpers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rita_R._Colwell" title="Rita R. Colwell">Rita Rossi Colwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Cope" title="Marianne Cope">Mother Marianne Cope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Lin" title="Maya Lin">Maya Y. Lin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Locke" title="Patricia Locke">Patricia A. Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Scott" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanche Scott">Blanche Stuart Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Burnett_Talbert" title="Mary Burnett Talbert">Mary Burnett Talbert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2007</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_K._Baum" title="Eleanor K. Baum">Eleanor K. Baum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Child" title="Julia Child">Julia Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Coffin_Wright" title="Martha Coffin Wright">Martha Coffin Pelham Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swanee_Hunt" title="Swanee Hunt">Swanee Hunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winona_LaDuke" title="Winona LaDuke">Winona LaDuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_K%C3%BCbler-Ross" title="Elisabeth Kübler-Ross">Elisabeth Kübler-Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Pipher" title="Judith Pipher">Judith L. Pipher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Filene_Shouse" title="Catherine Filene Shouse">Catherine Filene Shouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Szold" title="Henrietta Szold">Henrietta Szold</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Bourgeois" title="Louise Bourgeois">Louise Bourgeois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Cohn" title="Mildred Cohn">Mildred Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karen_DeCrow" title="Karen DeCrow">Karen DeCrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Kelly-Dreiss" title="Susan Kelly-Dreiss">Susan Kelly-Dreiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allie_B._Latimer" title="Allie B. Latimer">Allie B. Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Lazarus" title="Emma Lazarus">Emma Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Patrick" title="Ruth Patrick">Ruth Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Talbot_Perkins" title="Rebecca Talbot Perkins">Rebecca Talbot Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Solomon" title="Susan Solomon">Susan Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Stoneman" title="Kate Stoneman">Kate Stoneman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2010–2019" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2010–2019</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Drexel" title="Katharine Drexel">St. Katharine Drexel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Harrison_Eustis" title="Dorothy Harrison Eustis">Dorothy Harrison Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ford" title="Loretta Ford">Loretta C. Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Kelley_Foster" title="Abby Kelley Foster">Abby Kelley Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Murray_Free" title="Helen Murray Free">Helen Murray Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter" title="Lilly Ledbetter">Lilly Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mikulski" title="Barbara Mikulski">Barbara A. Mikulski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Shalala" title="Donna Shalala">Donna E. Shalala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathrine_Switzer" title="Kathrine Switzer">Kathrine Switzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Ford" title="Betty Ford">Betty Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_May_Gaskin" title="Ina May Gaskin">Ina May Gaskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Krone" title="Julie Krone">Julie Krone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Kate Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Joseph_Rogers" title="Mary Joseph Rogers">Mary Joseph Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernice_Sandler" title="Bernice Sandler">Bernice Sandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Schwartz" title="Anna Schwartz">Anna Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Willard" title="Emma Willard">Emma Willard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenley_Albright" title="Tenley Albright">Tenley Albright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Brinker" title="Nancy Brinker">Nancy Brinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Graham" title="Martha Graham">Martha Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Greenberger" title="Marcia Greenberger">Marcia Greenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Iglewski" title="Barbara Iglewski">Barbara Iglewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Kilbourne" title="Jean Kilbourne">Jean Kilbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlotta_Walls_LaNier" title="Carlotta Walls LaNier">Carlotta Walls LaNier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippa_Marrack" title="Philippa Marrack">Philippa Marrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Harriman_Rumsey" title="Mary Harriman Rumsey">Mary Harriman Rumsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Smeal" title="Eleanor Smeal">Eleanor Smeal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matilda_Cuomo" title="Matilda Cuomo">Matilda Cuomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Grandin" title="Temple Grandin">Temple Grandin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Hansberry" title="Lorraine Hansberry">Lorraine Hansberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Jackson_(entrepreneur)" title="Victoria Jackson (entrepreneur)">Victoria Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherry_Lansing" title="Sherry Lansing">Sherry Lansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Clare Boothe Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimee_Mullins" title="Aimee Mullins">Aimee Mullins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Mutter" title="Carol Mutter">Carol Mutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_Rowley" title="Janet Rowley">Janet Rowley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Waters" title="Alice Waters">Alice Waters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Allred" title="Gloria Allred">Gloria Allred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Angela Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Deer" title="Sarah Deer">Sarah Deer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicole_Malachowski" title="Nicole Malachowski">Nicole Malachowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_O%27Neill" title="Rose O'Neill">Rose O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Slaughter" title="Louise Slaughter">Louise Slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sonia Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurie_Spiegel" title="Laurie Spiegel">Laurie Spiegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossie_Wong-Staal" title="Flossie Wong-Staal">Flossie Wong-Staal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="2020–2029" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">2020–2029</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Hillary_(adventurer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbara Hillary (adventurer)">Barbara Hillary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Rose_Johns" title="Barbara Rose Johns">Barbara Rose Johns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henrietta_Lacks" title="Henrietta Lacks">Henrietta Lacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Church_Terrell" title="Mary Church Terrell">Mary Church Terrell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Octavia_E._Butler" title="Octavia E. Butler">Octavia E. Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_S._Halstead" title="Rebecca S. Halstead">Rebecca S. Halstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Hamm" title="Mia Hamm">Mia Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Harjo" title="Joy Harjo">Joy Harjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Howland" title="Emily Howland">Emily Howland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Johnson" title="Katherine Johnson">Katherine Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra_Nooyi" title="Indra Nooyi">Indra Nooyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath">Patricia Bath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Bridges" title="Ruby Bridges">Ruby Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elouise_P._Cobell" title="Elouise P. Cobell">Elouise P. Cobell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberl%C3%A9_Crenshaw" title="Kimberlé Crenshaw">Kimberlé Crenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">Peggy McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Plaskow" title="Judith Plaskow">Judith Plaskow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Ross" title="Loretta Ross">Loretta Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Stone_(artist)" title="Sandy Stone (artist)">Sandy Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Wessels_Williams" title="Anna Wessels Williams">Anna Wessels Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="36px_Order_of_Lakandula_recipients_36px" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Order_of_Lakandula_recipients" title="Template:Order of Lakandula recipients"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Order_of_Lakandula_recipients" title="Template talk:Order of Lakandula recipients"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Order_of_Lakandula_recipients" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Order of Lakandula recipients"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="36px_Order_of_Lakandula_recipients_36px" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png/36px-PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png/54px-PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png/72px-PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Lakandula" title="Order of Lakandula">Order of Lakandula</a> recipients <a href="/wiki/File:PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png/36px-PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png/54px-PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png/72px-PHL_Order_of_Lakandula.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="30" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grand Collar (Supremo)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Carlos_I" title="Juan Carlos I">Juan Carlos I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_W._Diokno" title="Jose W. Diokno">Jose W. Diokno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalifa_bin_Salman_Al_Khalifa" title="Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa">Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo" title="Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo">Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah_Al-Ahmad_Al-Jaber_Al-Sabah" title="Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah">Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamad_bin_Khalifa_Al_Thani" title="Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani">Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lugar" title="Richard Lugar">Richard Lugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Akihito, Emperor of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanat_Khoman" title="Thanat Khoman">Thanat Khoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Malik" title="Adam Malik">Adam Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Rajaratnam" title="S. Rajaratnam">S. Rajaratnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Razak_Hussein" title="Abdul Razak Hussein">Abdul Razak Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narciso_Ramos" title="Narciso Ramos">Narciso Ramos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodolfo_Severino_Jr." title="Rodolfo Severino Jr.">Rodolfo Severino Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grand Cross (Bayani)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolando_Andaya_Jr." title="Rolando Andaya Jr.">Rolando Andaya Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Benjamin_Caguioa" title="Alfredo Benjamin Caguioa">Alfredo Benjamin Caguioa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hillary Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Devanadera" title="Agnes Devanadera">Agnes Devanadera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermogenes_Ebdane" title="Hermogenes Ebdane">Hermogenes Ebdane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Ermita" title="Eduardo Ermita">Eduardo Ermita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermogenes_Esperon" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermogenes Esperon">Hermogenes Esperon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_VI" title="Felipe VI">Felipe VI</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alex_Frieder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alex Frieder (page does not exist)">Alex Frieder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwendolyn_Garcia" title="Gwendolyn Garcia">Gwendolyn Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Daniel Inouye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Laurel" title="Salvador Laurel">Salvador Laurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Manalo" title="Enrique Manalo">Enrique Manalo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_V._McNutt" title="Paul V. McNutt">Paul V. McNutt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blas_Ople" title="Blas Ople">Blas Ople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_V._Pangilinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel V. Pangilinan">Manuel V. Pangilinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynato_Puno" title="Reynato Puno">Reynato Puno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerge_Remonde" title="Cerge Remonde">Cerge Remonde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Reuter" title="James Reuter">James B. Reuter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Reyes" title="Angelo Reyes">Angelo Reyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Romulo" title="Alberto Romulo">Alberto Romulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Sin" title="Jaime Sin">Jaime Cardinal Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_SyCip" title="Washington SyCip">Washington SyCip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amando_Tetangco_Jr." title="Amando Tetangco Jr.">Amando Tetangco Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoichiro_Toyoda" title="Shoichiro Toyoda">Shoichiro Toyoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ty" title="George Ty">George Ty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Yap" title="Arthur C. Yap">Arthur C. Yap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Yuchengco" title="Alfonso Yuchengco">Alfonso Yuchengco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grand Officer (Marangal na Pinuno)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thad_Cochran" title="Thad Cochran">Thad Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lim_Bon_Liong" title="Henry Lim Bon Liong">Henry Lim Bon Liong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Soliven" title="Max Soliven">Max Soliven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commander (Komandante)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_V._Pangilinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel V. Pangilinan">Manuel V. Pangilinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efren_Pe%C3%B1aflorida" title="Efren Peñaflorida">Efren Peñaflorida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lea_Salonga" title="Lea Salonga">Lea Salonga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Officer (Pinuno)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Domingo_Lucenario_Jr." title="Domingo Lucenario Jr.">Domingo Lucenario Jr.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Champion for Life (Kampeon Habang Buhay)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dale_Abenojar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dale Abenojar (page does not exist)">Dale Abenojar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronato_Alcano" title="Ronato Alcano">Ronato Alcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonito_Donaire" title="Nonito Donaire">Nonito Donaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Emata" title="Erwin Emata">Erwin Emata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Oracion" title="Leo Oracion">Leo Oracion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manny_Pacquiao" title="Manny Pacquiao">Manny Pacquiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precious_Lara_Quigaman" title="Precious Lara Quigaman">Precious Lara Quigaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efren_Reyes" title="Efren Reyes">Efren Reyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Rosales" title="Jennifer Rosales">Jennifer Rosales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/21px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/42px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York_(state)" title="Portal:New York (state)">New York (state)</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Hillary Clinton at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hillary_Rodham_Clinton" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Hillary Rodham Clinton">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Hillary_Clinton" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Hillary Clinton">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" class="extiw" title="q:Hillary Clinton">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Hillary_Diane_Rodham_Clinton" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/42px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6294" class="extiw" title="d:Q6294">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6294#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6294#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6294#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119082101">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n93010903">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12543158f">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12543158f">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00552567">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UBOV804461">Italy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35472475">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20000700317&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1725857">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.bibnat.ro:8991/F/?func=direct&local_base=NLR10&doc_number=000048070">Romania</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1187267">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p105188999">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90706337">Norway</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000017337&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000387397&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000326132">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=76748">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200306195">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm147s67051bg08">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810580135505606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007311969805171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000114824">Finland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058526638706706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14744374">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0855129X?l=en">CiNii</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500237450">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/858a3d95-e1b2-4aac-8427-a99e391ce8c5">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/hillary-rodham-clinton/12204">Grammy Awards</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C001041">US Congress</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/965461">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119082101.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119082101">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/034705171">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10575794">NARA</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6jd4vrn">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hillary_Clinton&oldid=1259566494">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hillary_Clinton&oldid=1259566494</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: 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[\"CITEREFCillizza,_Chris2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCillizza2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClinton,_Hillary2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClinton,_Hillary_Rodham1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClinton2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClinton2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClinton2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClinton2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClinton2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClinton2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClintonJackmanRivers2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollinson,_Stephen2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCollinson,_Stephen2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollison,_Stephen2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCombe,_Rachael2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConfessore,_NicholasHorowitz,_Jason2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooper\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooper,_Helene2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooper,_HeleneMyers,_Steven_Lee2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCosgrove2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCox2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrowley,_Michael2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrowley2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCurry,_Tom2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavies2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavis,_Lanny2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDecker,_CathleenBarabak,_Mark_Z.2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDedman,_Bill2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDemick2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDilanian2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDobbs2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDonahue,_Deirdre2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDongMilhollandVijg2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDougherty,_JillCohen,_Tom2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDowd,_Maureen1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDugan,_AndrewMcCarthy,_Justin2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEaston2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElving,_Ron2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEstrich,_Susan2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans,_Heidi2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFahrentholdViebeck2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFalcone,_Michael2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzgerald,_Jim2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFoley2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFontevecchia2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrankel2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGangitano2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGearan,_AnneTumulty,_KarenViebeck,_Elise2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGerstein,_Josh2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGerstein2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGerth,_Jeff1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGerth,_Jeff1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGerth,_JeffVan_Natta,_Don_Jr.2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGerthVan_Natta2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGhattas2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGold,_MateaHelderman,_Rosalind_S.Gearan,_Anne2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodman,_Peter_S.2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon,_Michael2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon,_Michael_R.Landler,_Mark2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon,_Michael_R.Schmitt,_Eric2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrant2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGroppe2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarkavy,_Ward2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHattern,_JulianParnes,_Amie2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHealy,_Patrick2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHealy,_Patrick2007\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHealy,_PatrickChozick,_Amy2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeilemannHalperin2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeldermanHamburger2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHepker,_Aaron2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerszenhorn,_David_M.2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHirschkorn,_Phil2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHitt,_Jack2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolland,_Steve2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHorowitz_Satlin2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHudsonLeidl2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHughes,_DanaChilds,_Dan2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHulseHealy2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson,_Brooks2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson,_David2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJamieson,_Kathleen_Hall1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones,_Jeffrey_M.2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoyce,_KathrynSharlet,_Jeff2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKamisar2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKantor2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarni,_Annie2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarnie2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKearney,_Janis_F.2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelly1993\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKeneallyStruyk2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKenney,_Charles1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennyCen2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKessler,_Glenn2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKessler2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKiely2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKirn1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKleefeld,_Eric2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKornblut2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKornblutZeleny2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKranish2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKreig2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrieg2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrug2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKruse,_Michael2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuperman2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaFranchi,_Howard2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLabaton,_Stephen1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLabott,_Elise2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLake,_Eli2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandler,_Mark2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandler,_Mark2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandler,_MarkCooper,_Helene2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandler,_MarkCooper,_Helene2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandler,_MarkWong,_Edward2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandler2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandler2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLardner,_George_Jr2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLauter2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee,_Matthew2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee,_Matthew2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeeJalonick2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeibovich,_Mark2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLemmon,_Gayle_Tzemach2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeonnig,_Carol_D.Helderman,_Rosalind_S.Gearan,_Anne2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLerder2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLerner,_Adam2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevenson2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevy,_Clifford_J.2000\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLewin1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis,_Neil_A.2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLindseySarri1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLopez2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLyman2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMadison,_Lucy2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaraniss1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMassie2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCreesh2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCrummen2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeacham2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeadows,_Susannah2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeredith2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiddendorf,_J._William2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiddleton,_Tim2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller,_Jake2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMilton,_Joyce1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontopoli2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoriarty2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMorris1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurray2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMyers,_Steven_Lee2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMyers2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMyers2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNagourney,_Adam1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNguyen2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNichols2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Laughlin,_Dania2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;_Shea2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOlson1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPace,_Julie2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPacker,_George2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParksStruykKruzelFitzgerel\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParnass,_SarahHughes,_Dana2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeart,_Karen_N.\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPetit2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhillips,_Matt2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhillips2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPianin\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPicard,_Ken2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPilkington2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrice2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPurdum,_Todd_S.1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPurdum1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaftery2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRajghatta,_Chidanand2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRappeportAlcindorMartin2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRappeportSanger-katz2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRashid,_Ahmed2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReitwiesner\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRemnick2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReston,_Maeve2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRevesz2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichardson,_Bradford2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichter,_Paul2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichter,_Paul2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichter,_PaulPierson,_David2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoberts,_Gary_Boyd\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoberts,_Roxanne2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobins-Early2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRodham,_Hillary1969\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRodham1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosett,_Claudia2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoss,_BrianSauer,_MaddySchwartz,_Rhonda2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRucker,_Philip2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRyan2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSavage,_Charlie2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmidt,_Michael_S.Apuzzo,_Matt2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSchmidt,_Michael_S.Chozick,_Amy2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchor2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchoutenJohnsonPrzybyla2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSecterTrice2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeelye,_Katherine_Q.2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSeitz-Wald,_Alex2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSengupta,_Somini2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShearSchmidt2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSheinin2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShepard,_Steven2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShepherdRappeport2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSherman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilva2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinger2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSizemore,_Justin_M.2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkinner2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmolenyak,_Megan2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSontag,_Deborah2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSullivan,_Amy2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTapperDiamond2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTerkel,_Amanda2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThrush,_Glenn2011\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFThrush,_GlennKarni,_Annie2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFToner1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTorregrossa,_Luisita_Lopez2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTroy2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTroyan,_Mary2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTumulty,_Karen2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTumulty2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTyler,_Patrick1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVan_Natta1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVervers,_Vaughn2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVon_Drehle,_David2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWattenberg,_Daniel1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeigel,_David2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeigel2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeil2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitten2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWise2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYilek,_Caitlin2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZapotosky2012\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"'\"] = 3,\n [\"'\\\"\"] = 1,\n [\"2008 United States presidential election\"] = 1,\n [\"2016 United States presidential election\"] = 1,\n [\"=\"] = 16,\n [\"Ahnentafel\"] = 1,\n [\"Arkansas Women's Hall of Fame\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 3,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bill Clinton\"] = 1,\n [\"Biographical Directory of Congress\"] = 1,\n [\"Birth date and age\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Bracket\"] = 1,\n [\"C-SPAN\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 28,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 24,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 278,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 80,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Clinton, Hillary\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Democratic Party (United States)\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 16,\n [\"Further\"] = 4,\n [\"Google books\"] = 1,\n [\"Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album\"] = 1,\n [\"Guardian topic\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 3,\n [\"Hillary Clinton\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 11,\n [\"Infobox officeholder\"] = 1,\n [\"Legal Services Corporation\"] = 1,\n [\"Library resources box\"] = 1,\n [\"Listen\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 12,\n [\"Marriage\"] = 1,\n [\"National Women's Hall of Fame\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 2,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 4,\n [\"New York Times topic\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Née\"] = 1,\n [\"Obama cabinet\"] = 1,\n [\"Official website\"] = 4,\n [\"Order of Lakandula recipients\"] = 1,\n [\"Plainlist\"] = 3,\n [\"Pp-blp\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rose Law Firm\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aca\"] = 1,\n [\"S-aft\"] = 10,\n [\"S-bef\"] = 10,\n [\"S-end\"] = 1,\n [\"S-hon\"] = 1,\n [\"S-inc\"] = 1,\n [\"S-legal\"] = 1,\n [\"S-new\"] = 1,\n [\"S-off\"] = 1,\n [\"S-par\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ppo\"] = 1,\n [\"S-prec\"] = 1,\n [\"S-start\"] = 1,\n [\"S-ttl\"] = 12,\n [\"See also\"] = 5,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 94,\n [\"Sfnm\"] = 7,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 1,\n [\"Subject bar\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"US First Ladies\"] = 1,\n [\"United States Secretaries of State\"] = 1,\n [\"United States senators from New York\"] = 1,\n [\"Unsuccessful major party pres candidates\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Void\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","740","20.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","380","10.4"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","280","7.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","220","6.0"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","180","4.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode","160","4.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","160","4.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","80","2.2"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","2.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","80","2.2"],["[others]","1300","35.5"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-676d66dd4f-lj6z9","timestamp":"20241125212634","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Hillary Clinton","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hillary_Clinton","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6294","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6294","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia 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