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RFC 8174 - Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words
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Please enable Javascript for full functionality. </div> </noscript> <h1> Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words <br> <small class="text-body-secondary">RFC 8174 part of <a href="/doc/bcp14/">BCP 14</a> </small> </h1> <ul class="nav nav-tabs my-3"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link active" href="/doc/rfc8174/"> Status </a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link " href="/doc/rfc8174/email/"> Email expansions </a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link " href="/doc/rfc8174/history/"> History </a> </li> </ul> <div id="doc-timeline"></div> <table class="table table-sm table-borderless"> <tbody class="meta align-top border-top"> <tr> <th scope="row">Document</th> <th scope="row">Type</th> <td class="edit"></td> <td> <span class="text-success">RFC - Best Current Practice </span> (May 2017) <a class="badge rounded-pill text-bg-danger text-decoration-none" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=8174" title="Click to view errata." rel="nofollow"> Errata </a> <div>Updates <a href="/doc/rfc2119/" title="Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels">RFC 2119</a></div> <div> Was <a href="/doc/draft-leiba-rfc2119-update/02/">draft-leiba-rfc2119-update</a> (individual) </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <th scope="row">Author</th> <td class="edit"> </td> <td> <span ><a title="Datatracker profile of Barry Leiba" href="/person/barryleiba@gmail.com" >Barry Leiba</a> <a href="mailto:barryleiba%40gmail.com" aria-label="Compose email to barryleiba@gmail.com" title="Compose email to barryleiba@gmail.com"> <i class="bi bi-envelope"></i></a></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <th scope="row">Last updated</th> <td class="edit"></td> <td> 2019-07-11 </td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <th scope="row"> RFC stream </th> <td class="edit"> </td> <td > Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) </td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <th scope="row"> Formats </th> <td class="edit"> </td> <td> <div class="buttonlist"> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" target="_blank" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174.txt"> <i class="bi bi-file-text"></i> txt </a> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" target="_blank" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174.html"> <i class="bi bi-file-code"></i> html </a> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" download="rfc8174.pdf" target="_blank" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/pdfrfc/rfc8174.txt.pdf"> <i class="bi bi-file-pdf"></i> pdf </a> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" href="/doc/html/rfc8174"> <i class="bi bi-file-code"></i> htmlized </a> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" target="_blank" href="/doc/rfc8174/bibtex/"> <i class="bi bi-file-ruled"></i> bibtex </a> </div> </td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody class="meta border-top"> </tbody> <tbody class="meta border-top"> <tr> <th scope="row"> IESG </th> <th scope="row"> Responsible AD </th> <td class="edit"> </td> <td> <span ><a title="Datatracker profile of Ben Campbell" href="/person/ben@nostrum.com" >Ben Campbell</a> <a href="mailto:ben%40nostrum.com" aria-label="Compose email to ben@nostrum.com" title="Compose email to ben@nostrum.com"> <i class="bi bi-envelope"></i></a></span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td></td> <th scope="row"> Send notices to </th> <td class="edit"> </td> <td> <span class="text-body-secondary"> (None) </span> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="buttonlist"> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" href="mailto:draft-leiba-rfc2119-update@ietf.org?subject=Mail%20regarding%20rfc8174"> <i class="bi bi-envelope"> </i> Email authors </a> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" href="/ipr/search/?submit=draft&id=rfc8174" rel="nofollow"> <i class="bi bi-lightning"> </i> IPR </a> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" href="/doc/rfc8174/references/" rel="nofollow"> <i class="bi bi-arrow-left"> </i> References </a> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" href="/doc/rfc8174/referencedby/" rel="nofollow"> <i class="bi bi-arrow-right"> </i> Referenced by </a> <a class="btn btn-primary btn-sm" href="https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/search?q=%22rfc8174%22" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Search Lists </a> </div> <div class="card mt-5"> <div class="card-header"> RFC 8174 </div> <div class="card-body"> <pre>Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) B. Leiba Request for Comments: 8174 Huawei Technologies BCP: 14 May 2017 Updates: 2119 Category: Best Current Practice ISSN: 2070-1721 Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words <span>Abstract</span> RFC 2119 specifies common key words that may be used in protocol specifications. This document aims to reduce the ambiguity by clarifying that only UPPERCASE usage of the key words have the defined special meanings. <span>Status of This Memo</span> This memo documents an Internet Best Current Practice. This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has received public review and has been approved for publication by the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on BCPs is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841. Information about the current status of this document, any errata, and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174. <span>Leiba Best Current Practice [Page 1]</span> <span>RFC 8174 RFC 2119 Clarification May 2017</span> <span>Copyright Notice</span> Copyright (c) 2017 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. <span>Table of Contents</span> 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Clarifying Capitalization of Key Words . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Author's Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1. Introduction RFC 2119 specifies common key words, such as "MUST", "SHOULD", and "MAY", that may be used in protocol specifications. It says that the key words "are often capitalized," which has caused confusion about how to interpret non-capitalized words such as "must" and "should". This document updates RFC 2119 by clarifying that only UPPERCASE usage of the key words have the defined special meanings. This document is part of BCP 14. <span>Leiba Best Current Practice [Page 2]</span> <span>RFC 8174 RFC 2119 Clarification May 2017</span> 2. Clarifying Capitalization of Key Words The following change is made to [RFC2119]: === OLD === In many standards track documents several words are used to signify the requirements in the specification. These words are often capitalized. This document defines these words as they should be interpreted in IETF documents. Authors who follow these guidelines should incorporate this phrase near the beginning of their document: The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119. === NEW === In many IETF documents, several words, when they are in all capitals as shown below, are used to signify the requirements in the specification. These capitalized words can bring significant clarity and consistency to documents because their meanings are well defined. This document defines how those words are interpreted in IETF documents when the words are in all capitals. o These words can be used as defined here, but using them is not required. Specifically, normative text does not require the use of these key words. They are used for clarity and consistency when that is what's wanted, but a lot of normative text does not use them and is still normative. o The words have the meanings specified herein only when they are in all capitals. o When these words are not capitalized, they have their normal English meanings and are not affected by this document. Authors who follow these guidelines should incorporate this phrase near the beginning of their document: The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. === END === <span>Leiba Best Current Practice [Page 3]</span> <span>RFC 8174 RFC 2119 Clarification May 2017</span> 3. IANA Considerations This document does not require any IANA actions. 4. Security Considerations This document is purely procedural; there are no related security considerations. 5. Normative References [RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>. <span>Author's Address</span> Barry Leiba Huawei Technologies Phone: +1 646 827 0648 Email: barryleiba@computer.org URI: http://internetmessagingtechnology.org/ <span>Leiba Best Current Practice [Page 4]</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="col-md-12 col-sm-12 border-top mt-5 py-5 bg-light-subtle text-center position-sticky"> <a href="https://www.ietf.org/" class="p-3">IETF</a> <a href="https://www.ietf.org/iesg/" class="p-3">IESG</a> <a href="https://www.iab.org/" class="p-3">IAB</a> <a href="https://www.irtf.org/" class="p-3">IRTF</a> <a href="https://www.ietf.org/llc/" class="p-3 text-nowrap">IETF LLC</a> <a href="https://trustee.ietf.org/" class="p-3 text-nowrap">IETF Trust</a> <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/" class="p-3 text-nowrap">RFC Editor</a> <a href="https://www.iana.org/" class="p-3">IANA</a> <a href="https://www.ietf.org/privacy-statement/" class="p-3 text-nowrap">Privacy Statement</a> <div class="small text-body-secondary py-3"> <a class="mx-2" href="/release/about">About IETF Datatracker</a> <span class="mx-2"> <a href="https://github.com/ietf-tools/datatracker/releases/tag/12.37.0"> Version 12.37.0 (release - 1b4afc9) </a> </span> <a class="mx-2" href="https://status.ietf.org" target="_blank">System Status</a> <span class="mx-2 text-danger"> <i class="bi bi-bug"></i> Report a bug: <a class="text-reset" target="_blank" href="https://github.com/ietf-tools/datatracker/issues/new/choose">GitHub</a> <a class="text-reset" href="mailto:tools-help@ietf.org">Email</a> </span> </div> </footer> <script src="https://static.ietf.org/dt/12.37.0/ietf/js/d3.js"> </script> <script src="https://static.ietf.org/dt/12.37.0/ietf/js/document_timeline.js"> </script> <script src="https://static.ietf.org/dt/12.37.0/ietf/js/select2.js"></script> <script> $('#navbar-doc-search').on('select2:select', function (e) { window.location.href = e.params.data.url; }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = window._paq || []; _paq.push(['disableCookies']); _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="//analytics.ietf.org/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', 7]); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.defer=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script> <noscript><p><img src="//analytics.ietf.org/piwik.php?idsite=7" style="border:0;" alt="" /></p></noscript> <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'91754b163825fd04',t:'MTc0MDQ2MTMyMS4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body> </html>