CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134f4196de1fce2',cH: 'PGK4rfllmtiHsw4qoeAj1R0Y2efnlcJz.ffdUtzW1FY-1739786669-1.2.1.1-XKlQqye5DoXkhJBE3GrPS4jBISC5nCo7faDXQkxsFFaggWVg5roBXky0VxSxAawo',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=qualitative%20research&__cf_chl_tk=CGJxKzzbd_9Ehw32sj6qSYLzXjjKfvTFimSRyT7vjyg-1739786669-1.0.1.1-XO194JUE_nzBqhteuuPek5RYLQYLszbXhvF_EhvWZAg",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786669',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=qualitative%20research&__cf_chl_f_tk=CGJxKzzbd_9Ehw32sj6qSYLzXjjKfvTFimSRyT7vjyg-1739786669-1.0.1.1-XO194JUE_nzBqhteuuPek5RYLQYLszbXhvF_EhvWZAg",md: "gMpmg2aX1SBMlCgm2LXTGvV4A0EMUaPi7h83iRYr.B4-1739786669-1.2.1.1-359iCWAW.ppK5bdQk8HHTaWZZHD1t5ioK6w5S.bwI78LOvdQJbHIIOyMt8foL2flwwHi3MixR5aIjUVuhyEUZ34LMOLodFCwoZ4hdee_8HeVIUg6DEtRW_IygaePM8TuZxjr4hhWWV1o9DzOn4n1sNM2ZCVtk8Db_h1c8iNOYR1NKACDo1oYAh2HprKhQIk.mHBFpXGWoPArx1JyrzhmDj7lQ8K.858tjvaO49bVEx4.471aID.Btf_1m6Pyh57wqzWN3OxaPZdy_lRD3YmpI5c9F7cW4ikay1ofUNYGJ1h7j8RwUziz6OreezAb3yvjVia3G_HEaZgh1NDC1UBq94HZ2PCKOKJaKahbY.5I3bYyqZpiqtrenV6.UouE5O9A2chOp5wHiWxCc_EhI0yF3UmJ5Oh2DNO1GGC3KH24pdI.SHhJPgqbwhRr2kPqTlQIbb4Nxmy9cDrCZlVG2XjScA_v6ZKptJQApYhBENiTimxhiUKuAQF6Y6t9RXzS8aDIildAatDimeLQerQg5N_Z7D7Z86UUxgqg_Z0Mo2pCWRlyr6zJ7DxR4sf9lgJbDvjcpqhHrCz4_f_F731RyrepylCzWsPtW4ILxNmn04osV2dMx.946n_3iUCwL6sbRE8iq9xxJNB8b_3bzl6U1S66aFdsmeB2vffMgfbbTJR31fZLLgbDnCX2mWEVo2z_NL1bX6B8dAayJDJzoahr02d.BXf0ogWR54G30gjgAeHf_mNrClt_GlkxaLs9JTsfaKYNHyd4DkctysZW78r2xEJZPBfHAu.NsCI9jrND9yBZ0gDBnP7CzkLguWr1JkH7nLCKafwBYLv4CUGkmiM7Sqnp9LtDDF61VgJUzXmY6ROdzPezOyunJ3rfOkmuSjY5xLBkaTb040cRPAfqJPm7Mr_25LkiSffi5C7O3WfCZPeYMMYmFlsGusVXhbQ30_L3QAsYQtHna_lz4XZdENXaRkaqZdL9qfxWQqxGGm61XnTTIqy_NH2U.aI_FAa4ZBjXSnYHKciZvio5D2eCtv_S1dKIPyTI_jF0Dcpv8mRd2vendoDtQP.uDS2JacenOyuUWSMdepPyKKXnJL942xbTU1ElEaE99L0AJb2sAvMpPZAjbBqjJK.labMMu4ElOQ5Oklgu6PSjT03w_MYN4dQ3Qa6XOZV9mNe.8LIsVb2eRCn.5HePc7WdFK0OoTuwtEsAkZOiw15ZyeBDVyZhGzedAK5nqzXY1SLUY91S1MC4pLjPxiQkM8iW6WjgiKwBfZoLg2rVBlBIXyq73333Gpu53vbOFQ_I6ucKrBwPbNJbZKxOG4dAbH5uPuPluUhmwsrUGTaw_gasClO55LppAcLj4Gp9wnY_knzbqdLDgDqet8ZhJiwKQutIjqdugZL4LpA9mf2p8HEdoj0Dh2iyzfu5eyshc8k8.wL_Hc5bMRv.Vww1MHRC.JxpaOycSPRQMlNFnYpzUxLk_skjvZYMEl0dn1gqESMy4vbmB6BddUlSOY93sZ1MDXDkdWv5B0g0pSpVZjBXXnk.gX6a20i3CI7Ihla6WhDdCFR6Rj.Sp2WQP6c1lFl7NouIlPsNQ9He.nfH33epm9_PUfK2jNB..mEvfXCWVhgvgaWk4_r_KGsVuEmv_FW08pVnggruLOmFqJ2Wq2plsP01fKLPf2EOoP7DqdXqycS9Dh.yKBWSrptNt6jq943ESG0aKnmyt2Q_.cTmyQrtfED7uFX6VEsIQn2oCAODtB6yX5OBlY_Or3QBtEF.qPf5XxbC_DumvHoqbouacoF.ajgLAg0R9_IfOeI5lxbv8vqoFoxKBLfvRsYiXLXC2c6UaMAxD7btEdRVewY34wpSx.WBnD7pMdnDa6bk1u.p9jw4ELuQMlXgkX.G9V4bpeQmg2H2mImzwZUzX87OVltIxtsIhXTNh6CSsjAsLwFOffx1jIkiryN1JqXb9pD9fdqp3k7GFMBHGJhWmnNwGZ4N",mdrd: "nDQcyJ6gFw6sS.4F_3R_74rVkXD5PsWIfp6ugoNsd8Y-1739786669-1.2.1.1-.1XUsKjpNZDC2o4X3IJh92V.hRzSzCl144wN7R0tIopRL5.n5q_EN2lTc.RsPfEXk2Zt8cfgLozTC9s9oUVgwU9mXv7oNHuQdI1rI79iK.shKwSgbc.YBT7cTBXD13WKb4I9vwidV9uuoKTQ3CF3b0aij_tMcm3CxQZ79rTRY9uYNXD_5XNvyR8FUIr42Qli2tOB69pR9Vy0wF19.f_vFTAzbNGEjk49wY9de3jbKbFLWAAK.Nbtmk3M823E.9UtTBLiLMqZs1qfpswC4CuOy5T4G0EkpuhdPYskrMs1yFVKZ0jANPdNEObr.pFGrZWzybRBVqhGNjXVq4uqKiqW9meRn.kfuQKiGukKVFY2jDUIfUR2ro2DVHBXZJT2rfNa1l1bk4DUQ5XCoqYvyArJ5d8o2CnNwgdBoCLTbUlB6WKWrzDKeUQxQTcek8P7ss7YWGTLc2DKfSJI4bq_7qa0F0PDsnM5t8RWCJ.ZL35wjszNebKOmHe_2PPerEHQ3AMGAc5ylJhlIErLQihFiJ7o2.ukvzUev0Q0Yr9z3b33uHw50ZLnBvwxDcqDIxEAalkmR1ovQiFL6oOc9a7A8hFj4WleoIeTO7BPyMy2V68_NKYX7f_5fNlMaoN6y6jpsFPKraXLvReP5eWR0v6zbd90I_OXxFspgd7Nd8lLfeTkPuhMa7xXiP11uVAFxxcgRpiLf8aA23bDZ8wcdraMC2_f3qDQT25NysstP2i10psq1xGru3WamMLhub4SjW_yshM17VmgbilMIoYt8rqVUGFulvvFfswJIcZ39V6RygCkyDC.q2pJlR9M8nqWNNyd2Ucoq83T2XJ.VjTYWjfYjM9IBlbCONgN0.cfA.DD102qDlZzoyaDMjULB6E0bKDtOkNJVKdfhithkkFXohB9PG9BWADYdiHXbDvi1ZI.mIn2FftTgW3f5754qP3SXksk7E2Vw_QXarBwgeznOSjKDQqYmQrbOJs6qq02S6gfkOiQY3DKL8i59MhG1dwxugon_M3xJd0clEQE81eQUvTNPrqt4r2L6JykQa8BiPNu6JTbAvoHJ9ddmtcpLawfPoTKSk1BzRLPYN9IYh2bMIKS5NzyGBKS8bqdjzN056gj378gqyRQA5YRCcqMx.0aSbF9ZPg6uY7MpB976U4BAIWOAB_ek6E7xIXaLX5aB2XbKh.6bXKAPflkSGU1ASFDhMay9ZnvhVWk5Thj1J8CXa9PZRsrD_Sdwnt86M0O6yzRhRe1L4YcEi6sO1lIW6EX39XvPFmreAjIgVfE1voqCNX1.jjTWdBFUBNOIQh5_WtZWvF6KoOpHk3M6s.FduH35.dqKUcLQUHBWvSl7gOfrEeJtt13IKTEkg8sqe0hRBnD_msCAukBpTveamtDt9m7_1lQkAv5tlzflUf1c7EnHxOpvpPUl0Md4PlUfCi4voPPTQo9ZxGNmtXOsSYgkCJGpYB1Bbnph7HTIMcasMrTbdPyVAG7PhN8MLmOzXYGxAOyCmqinvC60FwZ5Z2ofbORn37d1f.rpDSJ4yLPW5TEdGkN1iIs8l_gRK_d7PlpxSFVRjtTyjgKO7882JJhdNrrkxHtSIEjt.jfLjhD90_EUEOxnR64tgqKtcAQZd0XyVTbevn5yS7cSVow7kFxTp1zG.Ig4._UqlEv7E54yoDxaOvatnkVJgWLElIrSyvKx.80sebm1ug4uC1_wF3hFBEq6aOAWarFWq1b_Zf2_lXpHiK4gR.194Oz4NxIRCU2ac6Iox2mEERRm3_a1JjFnBw1SdbHNKYRl.TGfy5_OKH8wOadurq6p1O64QIlLzuu.Z6xixR3PzWfJ_QZlupv_RUnFsDFGyquNaIqyCBzRsKKKQO3zW1kZ7PdL67PO1mY02bgzmhPCbhLu3Q.CqzJQXLtfTWnjEV0o7UZn30uH08RNTay_fnv4wECIW5vlr2o7tfGQJJ3zDE5RnrecVm7oWMVYP.hN67c"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134f4196de1fce2';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=qualitative%20research&__cf_chl_rt_tk=CGJxKzzbd_9Ehw32sj6qSYLzXjjKfvTFimSRyT7vjyg-1739786669-1.0.1.1-XO194JUE_nzBqhteuuPek5RYLQYLszbXhvF_EhvWZAg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>