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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-M-Series" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#M-Series"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>M-Series</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-M-Series-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations_in_1:43_scale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations_in_1:43_scale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Variations in 1:43 scale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variations_in_1:43_scale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_pioneer_in_larger_scale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_pioneer_in_larger_scale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>A pioneer in larger scale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_pioneer_in_larger_scale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_racing_emphasis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_racing_emphasis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>A racing emphasis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_racing_emphasis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_end_of_Polistil" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_end_of_Polistil"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>The end of Polistil</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_end_of_Polistil-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chinese_Polistil_reappears" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese_Polistil_reappears"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Chinese Polistil reappears</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese_Polistil_reappears-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Polistil</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Politoys" redirects here. For the Formula One car named after the company, see <a href="/wiki/Politoys_FX3" class="mw-redirect" title="Politoys FX3">Politoys FX3</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Format_footnotes plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CITE#Types_of_citation" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITE">inline citations</a>, but <b>they are not <a href="/wiki/Help:Footnotes" title="Help:Footnotes">properly formatted</a>.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check">improve</a> this article by <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polistil&&action=edit">correcting them</a></span>. Parenthetical referencing has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PARREF" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PARREF">deprecated</a>; convert to <a href="/wiki/Help:Shortened_footnotes" title="Help:Shortened footnotes">shortened footnotes</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Polistil S.p.A.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Polistil_brand_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e3/Polistil_brand_logo.png/220px-Polistil_brand_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e3/Polistil_brand_logo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="125" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 1960</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Defunct</th><td class="infobox-data">1993<span class="noprint">; 32 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1993</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fate</th><td class="infobox-data">Company defunct, <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brand</a> relaunched in 2014-2021</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Die-cast_toy" title="Die-cast toy">Die-cast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plastic_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic model">plastic</a> <a href="/wiki/Scale_model" title="Scale model">scale model</a> <a href="/wiki/Model_car" title="Model car">car</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Racing_car_circuits&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racing car circuits (page does not exist)">racing car circuits</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">May Cheong Group (2014–pres.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maycheonggroup.com/en/brand/polistil">maycheonggroup.com/polistil</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Polistil S.p.A.</b> (initially called <b>Politoys</b>) is an Italian <a href="/wiki/Toy" title="Toy">toy</a> <a href="/wiki/Brand" title="Brand">brand</a> and former manufacturing company headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, with production center in <a href="/wiki/Chiari,_Lombardy" title="Chiari, Lombardy">Chiari</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a>. Polistil specialized in <a href="/wiki/Die-cast_toy" title="Die-cast toy">die-cast</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plastic_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic model">plastic</a> <a href="/wiki/Scale_model" title="Scale model">scale model</a> vehicles of all sizes. </p><p>There is a new site about the world of toys and his History of Polistil Factory: "Quelli della Polistil" on www.quellidellapolistil.it </p><p>The company also made toy and model tanks, dolls, robots and TV tie-ins. After a 33-year span, and a collaboration with <a href="/wiki/Tonka" title="Tonka">Tonka</a>, Polistil went out of business in 1993, but now is a brand under the May Cheong Group (owner of the brand <a href="/wiki/Maisto" title="Maisto">Maisto</a>), along with the name of former competitor <a href="/wiki/Bburago" title="Bburago">Bburago</a>. Traditionally, the principal Italian competitors to Polistil were <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(toy_manufacturer)" title="Mercury (toy manufacturer)">Mercury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mebetoys" title="Mebetoys">Mebetoys</a>, and the shorter run Ediltoys. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polistil&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origins of Politoys as a company are somewhat unclear. The company began as "Politoys APS" about 1960, and started production of 100 plastic cars in 1:41 scale (Sinclair 1979, pp. 387–388). Some of these were contemporary cars and some were veteran vehicles – like an Alfa racing car from the late 'teens and an 1899 French Gobron Brillie (Smeed 1980, p. 35). As the 1960s progressed, some models were produced in fiberglass – tougher than the plastic and less prone to warping. Following trends set by fellow Italian trailblazer <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(toy_manufacturer)" title="Mercury (toy manufacturer)">Mercury</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Corgi_Toys" title="Corgi Toys">Corgi Toys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinky_Toys" title="Dinky Toys">Dinky Toys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norev" title="Norev">Norev</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">Solido</a>, the company changed over to diecast metal vehicles in 1964 or 1965 (Rixon 2005, p. 36, Sinclair 1979, p. 387). About 1970, the company name was changed to Polistil, possibly because of the similarity with the name of the British <a href="/wiki/Palitoy" title="Palitoy">Palitoy</a> (Breithaupt No Date; Force 1992, 208–209). Still, some early toy boxes had the names 'APS', 'Polistil'. 'Politoys', and 'Policar' all on the box simultaneously (as seen on the blue Penny series boxes and in that order). </p><p>The company's main research and design center was in <a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>. Larger toys for children were produced here, including large trucks and dolls. Most vehicles were made at the <a href="/wiki/Chiari,_Lombardy" title="Chiari, Lombardy">Chiari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a> manufacturing center which focused on the production of diecast vehicles (Polistil 1975). </p><p>Whereas more collector driven lines such as <a href="/wiki/Rio_Models" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Models">Rio Models</a> or <a href="/wiki/Brumm" title="Brumm">Brumm</a> made the same models sometimes for decades, David Sinclair says that Polistil was more likely to confront market trends more directly – changing model lines every two or three years (Sinclair 1979, p. 387). As seen below, Polistil kept track of its vehicle lines using sets of capital letters followed by numbers, and not the use of series of numbers only. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="M-Series">M-Series</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polistil&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: M-Series"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most, but not all, of Polistil's lines were prefaced with letters: CE, RJ, S, MS, etc., but the company did not start with the beginning of the alphabet. With Politoys’ diecast 1:43 scale M-Series starting 1965, the company arguably became one of the most respected names of the decade in accurately diecast vehicles along with French <a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">Solido</a>, fellow Italian <a href="/wiki/Mebetoys" title="Mebetoys">Mebetoys</a> and German <a href="/wiki/Schuco" class="mw-redirect" title="Schuco">Schuco</a> (Rixon 2005, p. 80). <a href="/wiki/Dinky_Toys" title="Dinky Toys">Dinky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corgi_Toys" title="Corgi Toys">Corgi</a> were also strong competitors and Politoys never matched their success in the United States nor did they produce as wide a range of models as those two leaders in the field. </p><p>Politoys’ 1:43 scale diecast M-Series line was introduced in 1965. The company had previously focused on plastic. The M series were precisely detailed with a wide range of offerings. Sixteen vehicles were introduced in the first year, with numbers starting at 500. The cars had many moving parts (normally 2 doors, hood and trunk opened) and the engines and even undercarriage had good detail. Plastic seats almost always tilted forward, and on some models they were covered with a fuzzy material that imitated velour. </p><p>Though companies like <a href="/wiki/Corgi_Toys" title="Corgi Toys">Corgi</a> claimed to have the first model with all opening features in their 1963 Chrysler Ghia L6.4, Politoys M was the first diecast line where (for a time) all apertures opened on <i>every model</i> ! (Politoys 1968; Rixon 2005, p. 79; Gardiner and O'Neill 1996, pp. 72–73). This contrasted with Dinky and Corgi which tended towards the "toy" market with gimmicks and TV and movie vehicles. Politoys, however, went for consistent realism. </p><p>Another unique advertising angle of Politoys M was to emphasize how they could be taken apart. One ad in the American market by U.S. representative Lynn International showed the 518 1965 Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud III (Mulliner Park Ward "slant eye" version) in pieces and asked "How can a boy own a Rolls Royce..be a collector and a mechanic all at the same time! With Politoys M, that's how" Below, the ad continued, "Assembled just like the big ones – real solid – with 52 parts, most of which you take apart piece-by-piece with the twist of a screwdriver, then put back together again..." The ad then concluded, "That's Politoys. Collect them. Tinker with them. Play with them." (Politoys by Polistil no date). </p><p>By the late 1960s, the M-Series range had expanded to 37 models: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li>500 – Alfa Romeo Giulia Sprint GT</li> <li>501 – Maserati 3500 GT Coupe</li> <li>502 – Siata Coupe Fiat 1500</li> <li>503 – Mercedes-Benz 230 SL</li> <li>504 – Ferrari 250 GT Berlinetta</li> <li>505 – Autobianchi Bianchina Panoramica</li> <li>506 – Alfa Romeo Giulia SS</li> <li>507 – Ford Cortina</li> <li>508 – Innocenti Morris IM 3</li> <li>509 – Lancia Flavia Zagato 1800</li> <li>510 – Opel Kadett Coupe</li> <li>511 – Fiat 600</li> <li>512 – Fiat 500 Giardinetta</li> <li>513 – Fiat 850</li> <li>514 – Alfa Romeo 2600 Coupe GT</li> <li>515 – ISO Rivolta Coupe GT</li> <li>516 – Alfa Romeo Giulia Zagato</li> <li>517 – Fiat 850 Coupe</li> <li>518 – Rolls Royce Silver Cloud III "Slant Eye"</li> <li>519 – Ford Taunus 20 M.T.S.</li> <li>520 – Lancia Fulvia Coupe</li> <li>521 – Opel Diplomat 8V</li> <li>522 – Primula Bianchi</li> <li>523 – Alfa Romeo Giulia T.I. Super</li> <li>524 – Simca 1500</li> <li>525 – Ferrari "LeMans" Peninfarina</li> <li>526 –</li> <li>527 – Porsche 912</li> <li>528 – Fiat 1500 GT Ghia</li> <li>529 – Alfa Romeo Giulia Canguro 600</li> <li>530 – Alfa Romeo 2600 Zagato</li> <li>531 – Alfa Romeo Giulia "Gazella"</li> <li>532 – Alfa Romeo GS Zagato</li> <li>533 – OSI 1200 Coupe</li> <li>534 – Ford Lola GT</li> <li>535 –</li> <li>536 – Dino "Ferrari"</li> <li>537 – Alfa Romeo 2600 Pantera</li> <li>538 –</li> <li>539 – Lamborghini 350 GT+</li></ul> </div> <p>Numbers 526 (Fiat 1100), 535 (Porsche 904), and 538 (Volkswagen 1600 TL) are not mentioned in this data from an original catalog sheet as they were introduced later (Politoys 1968). The M-Series obviously concentrated on Italian vehicles. For example, 76 percent of this catalog's models were Italian, 37 percent alone being Alfa Romeo. Unique models produced that were not found elsewhere were the Iso Rivolta seen above, a later Chevrolet Corvette Pininfarina Rondine Coupe, and the first Lamborghini – bugeye – 350 GT (Rixon 2005, p. 37). </p><p>From the start, the M-Series had tremendous competition. During the 1960s, each diecast model company had a unique approach and a unique market. Dinky and Corgi generally had different market areas, but were more popular in the U.S. French Dinky and Solido were more popular in France. Tekno was a Danish mainstay as were Gama, Schuco, and Marklin in Germany. More importantly, the Italian market was full. Mercury had been a leader of the Italian diecast industry for a long time, but no sooner had Politoys brought out the M-series, they were joined by <a href="/wiki/Mebetoys" title="Mebetoys">Mebetoys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edil" title="Edil">Edil</a>, the latter only briefly, but the competition with Mercury and Mebetoys – who often offered similar models – was a challenge. Furthermore, Mattel's Hot Wheels diminished the American market after 1967. </p><p>Similar to Corgi, Dinky, and Mebetoys, Politoys M used jewels for headlights, while French Solido chose more realistic clear plastic lenses. Still Politoys often had delicately rendered headlight bezel surrounds and other carefully done details (Gardiner and O'Neill 1996, p 72). While competitor Solido's niche in the diecast market was offering unique wheel styles for each model, the M-Series’ generic wire wheels were not authentic to real vehicles, but were quite attractive, classy and typical to the look of the time. By 1968, the company had also experimented with plastic wheels on low-friction axles – similar to changes made by Dinky, Corgi, Lonestar and others in reaction to the success of Hot Wheels. These added to the play value but detracted from the realism. As the 1960s progressed, Politoys produced more sports and exotic cars and fewer mundane everyday cars. This was the same tactic used by <a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">Solido</a> at the time, but Corgi, Dinky, and French <a href="/wiki/Dinky_Toys" title="Dinky Toys">Dinky</a> continued to offer many common sedans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations_in_1:43_scale">Variations in 1:43 scale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polistil&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Variations in 1:43 scale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1968, the 500-series started including models labelled as "Export." These were slightly cruder than the M-series, with fewer opening features. By 1970, Politoys has "used up" the numbers from 500 to 599, including some metal versions of models previously produced in plastic. </p><p>Later 1:43 scale series were the E, EL and HE. Some of the early models in these series were still up to the Politoys M in detail like the well done Lamborghini Espada and Islero (which had folding headlights)(Gardiner and O'Neill 1996, p. 73). Body details were often very good with clever features, such as the Alfa Romeo Alfasud with complete ski equipment on the roof. On later 1970s issues like this one, however, the models sported toy-like generic chrome plastic wheel designs that were pretty ugly. The EL-Series was much better than the E in this regard. David Sinclair, an Erie, Pennsylvania, importer who was responsible for starting much of the diecast car collecting hobby in the states noted that one interesting model in the EL line was an <a href="/wiki/AMC_Gremlin" title="AMC Gremlin">AMC Gremlin</a> (Sinclair's 1977; Levine 2009). It was unique enough to see any American cars in European diecast, much less an AMC model! Starting in 1967, Politoys also offered its 1:66 scale Penny series to compete with smaller <a href="/wiki/Matchbox_(brand)" title="Matchbox (brand)">Matchbox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Majorette_(toy_manufacturer)" title="Majorette (toy manufacturer)">Majorette</a>, probably aimed at the American market, but the new series never gained their popularity so most were sold within Italy (Breithaupt No Date). Mint boxed examples are thus difficult to find (Rixon 2005, 54). </p><p>In the late 1970s a variety of previous Polistil castings were shipped to Mexico and sold as the McGregor brand (Force 1992, 208). McGregor sold both plastic and diecast versions of Polistil toys and models were usually marked with both the Politoys and McGregor names. Some models also seem to have made their way to the U.S.S.R. to be molded there in plastic, like the Maserati Mistral. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A_pioneer_in_larger_scale">A pioneer in larger scale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polistil&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: A pioneer in larger scale"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polystil_Lancai_Pulvia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Polystil_Lancai_Pulvia.jpg/220px-Polystil_Lancai_Pulvia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Polystil_Lancai_Pulvia.jpg/330px-Polystil_Lancai_Pulvia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Polystil_Lancai_Pulvia.jpg/440px-Polystil_Lancai_Pulvia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a><figcaption>Lancia Fulvia 1600 HF from Polystil in 1:25 scale</figcaption></figure> <p>By the early 1970s, Polistil diversified somewhat, offering slot cars and larger scales in metal. In 1973, the 1:24 scale <i>S</i> series (1:22 scale was used as well) competed directly with the new <a href="/wiki/Martoys" class="mw-redirect" title="Martoys">Martoys</a> (later to become <a href="/wiki/Bburago" title="Bburago">Bburago</a>) (Rixon 2005, p. 14). Politoys was one of the first companies to move into this larger and more lucrative size, thus was a trend setter for larger diecasts that is still popular today. Though proportions on the larger scale Polistil vehicles was sometimes slightly off (so were some of the Martoys, and both Bburago and Maisto later improved), creative presentation made up for it. For example, rally vehicles such as the Lancia Fulvia polar expedition were stunning. This car featured white and brown paint speckled across the entire car – simulating snow and dirt. </p><p>The TG series of even larger 1:16 scale cars such as the Alfa Romeo 1750C, BMW 328 roadster, Lamborghini Countach, Ferrari GTO, Ferrari 250 California roadster and the Morgan Plus 8 were introduced about 1980. Some of these models, however, did not have the details of competitors Bburago or <a href="/wiki/Maisto" title="Maisto">Maisto</a>. The Morgan, for example is beautiful with opening doors, but the tires are hard plastic, not rubber; the steering wheel and front wheels are fixed; and the hood does not open, saving the cost of additional parts. The Alfa Romeo 1750, however, did come in two versions; top up and top down. By the late 1980s, though, the larger models were the backbone of Polistil sales, while it would last, and the 1:43 size was now being left to higher end collector brands like <a href="/wiki/Eligor" class="mw-redirect" title="Eligor">Eligor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitesse_Models" title="Vitesse Models">Vitesse</a>, and venerable <a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">Solido</a>. </p><p>The MS and MT series of 1:15 scale Motorcycles also appeared about 1980. Racing series (see next heading) of all scales became a forte. A variety of trucks and tanks (the 'CA' series) and other military vehicles were offered. One very nice military offering was an Afrika Corps BMW motorcycle with sidecar in desert beige. TV and movie figures and vehicles also appeared but were not as popular as those offered by <a href="/wiki/Corgi_Toys" title="Corgi Toys">Corgi Toys</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dinky_Toys" title="Dinky Toys">Dinky Toys</a>, and are somewhat more rare today. Batman, Superman, and Disney vehicles were examples. In addition, <a href="/wiki/Mego_Corporation" title="Mego Corporation">Mego</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lion_Rock" title="Lion Rock">Lion Rock</a> military action figures were marketed under the Polistil name. </p><p>The J series were larger colorful toy-like trucks which used more plastic for bodies and larger plastic wheels. One example was the J85 Mercedes-Benz Unimog dump truck. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A_racing_emphasis">A racing emphasis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polistil&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: A racing emphasis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One area where Polistil probably did better than any of the competition was in racing vehicles of various scales, mainly covering <a href="/wiki/Formula_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Formula 1">Formula 1</a>, and at reasonable retail prices. The F and FK series were in 1:32 scale and first introduced in 1970 and ran until about 1980, changing wheel designs as the years passed. The 1:41 scale CE series appeared in 1978 and featured Renault, Ligier, Lotus, Brabham, Alfa Romeo and Williams, among others. Oddly, a few tractors also appeared in the CE series (Force 1992, 81–88). </p><p>The RJ series (<i>Penny</i> Series) carried at least 45 Grand Prix and Formula 1 cars, while the TG and L series were 1:16 scale. Like many other teams, the fascinating <a href="/wiki/Tyrrell_P34" title="Tyrrell P34">Tyrrell P34</a> 6-wheel F1 car appeared in two different scales. </p><p>At the end of the 1970s, Polistil started mass-producing <a href="/wiki/Slot_car" title="Slot car">electric racing car tracks</a>. They were very popular in Europe.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_end_of_Polistil">The end of Polistil</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polistil&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The end of Polistil"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the late 1980s, Polistil had released over 500 different vehicles of all sizes (Force 1992, 62–89). In the late 1980s, the larger scales were marketed in the U.S. in a new relationship with Tonka. Apparently, Tonka had purchased Polistil. Vehicle boxes remained red at this time, but were now labeled Polistil/Tonka. This included larger 1:14 scale cars. Unfortunately, competition with newer and upcoming Bburago, Maisto and mail order firms like <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Mint_Precision_Models" title="Franklin Mint Precision Models">Franklin Mint Precision Models</a> provided a surge in competition in the larger scales and contributed to Polistil's demise. By 1993, just as the demand for 1:18 scale models was starting to peak, Tonka dropped the name, dropped Italian production, and venerable Polistil was gone. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chinese_Polistil_reappears">Chinese Polistil reappears</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polistil&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Chinese Polistil reappears"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2014, the Polistil name was relaunched by the May Cheong Group, manufacturer of the <a href="/wiki/Maisto" title="Maisto">Maisto</a> brand. Now Polistil sells different products: slot car systems, radio controlled cars, die cast models of construction machinery, tractors, caricature cars, Formula One cars and so on. So, this is an interesting case where the Asian toy giant is responsible for resurrecting two well-known Italian brand names – Bburago and Polistil, but the products are now made in China, and no longer in Italy. </p><p>On the boxes now is printed "Manufactured by: Polistil International LTD, Hong Kong", or "Manufactured by: Most Success Trading LTD, Hong Kong". The new company was apparently created in Hong Kong on August 27, 2013 (Hong Kong Business Directory n.d.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polistil&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Breithaupt, Doug. No date. Penny, Politoys or Polistil, Delightful Diecast Under Any Name. Webpage dedicated to Politoys. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.breithaupts.com/toycar94.htm">[1]</a></li> <li>Force, Edward. 1992. <i>Classic Miniature Vehicles Made in Italy</i>. Schiffer Publications.</li> <li>Gardiner, Gordon, and O'Neill, Richard. 1996. <i>The Collector's Guide to Toy Cars: An International Survey of Tinplate and Diecast Cars from 1900.</i> London: Salamander Books, Ltd. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-15977-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-15977-5">0-517-15977-5</a>.</li> <li>"POLISTIL INTERNATIONAL LIMITED". Hong Kong Business Directory. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.hkgbusiness.com/en/company/Polistil-International-Limited-1">[2]</a></li> <li>Jeffrey Stein Sales. 5 June 2014. <i>Polistil Shipment News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402094922/http://www.jeffreystein.co.za/cms/2014/05/polistil-shipment-news-2014-05-05/">[3]</a></li> <li>Levine, R. F. 2009. David Sinclair in the Driver's Seat. <i>Lake Erie LifeStyle</i>, web published December 1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.goerie.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20091201/LEL05/311259869">[4]</a></li> <li>Polistil. 1975. Hardbound Polistil catalog. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110928040630/http://www.mikes-tanks.com/PolistilCatalog.htm">[5]</a></li> <li>Politoys by Polistil. No date. Newsprint ad with Rolls Royce Silver Cloud III Mulliner Park Ward. Ad by U.S. Representative Lynn International Ltd. 200 Fifth Ave, New York, NY.</li> <li>Politoys M. 1968. Single sheet brochure produced by Politoys APS.</li> <li>Rixon, Peter. 2005. <i>Miller's Collecting Diecast Vehicles</i>. London: Miller's, A Division of Mitchell Beazley.</li> <li>Sinclair, David. 1979. Scale 1:43, a Survey for Collectors, in <i>Automobile Quarterly</i>, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 384–399. Princeton, New Jersey: Automobile Quarterly, Inc. in Association with the Princeton Institute for Historic Research.</li> <li>Sinclair's Auto Miniatures. 1977. Typewritten sales flyer.</li> <li>Smeed, Vic, general editor. 1980. <i>The World of Model Cars</i>. 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airfix" title="Airfix">Airfix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aluminum_Model_Toys" title="Aluminum Model Toys">AMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_Pilen" title="Auto Pilen">Auto Pilen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Plastics_Corporation" title="Aurora Plastics Corporation">Aurora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_AFX" title="Aurora AFX">AFX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bburago" title="Bburago">Bburago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buby_toys" title="Buby toys">Buby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_3_Collectibles" title="Code 3 Collectibles">Code 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Models" title="Conrad Models">Conrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corgi_Classics" title="Corgi Classics">Corgi Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corgi_Toys" title="Corgi Toys">Corgi Toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinky_Toys" title="Dinky Toys">Dinky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efsi_Toys" title="Efsi 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Products">Kenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyosho" title="Kyosho">Kyosho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesney_Products" title="Lesney Products">Lesney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lledo" title="Lledo">Lledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maisto" title="Maisto">Maisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorette_(toy_manufacturer)" title="Majorette (toy manufacturer)">Majorette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matchbox_(brand)" title="Matchbox (brand)">Matchbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mebetoys" title="Mebetoys">Mebetoys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meccano_Ltd" title="Meccano Ltd">Meccano Ltd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(toy_manufacturer)" title="Mercury (toy manufacturer)">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mettoy" title="Mettoy">Mettoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikro%2767" title="Mikro'67">Mikro'67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minialuxe" title="Minialuxe">Minialuxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Products_Corporation" title="Model Products Corporation">MPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monogram_(company)" title="Monogram (company)">Monogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budgie_Toys" title="Budgie Toys">Morestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muky" title="Muky">Muky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NZG_Models" title="NZG Models">NZG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norev" title="Norev">Norev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playart" title="Playart">Playart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocher" title="Pocher">Pocher</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Polistil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powertrack" title="Powertrack">Powertrack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyro_Plastics_Corporation" title="Pyro Plastics Corporation">Pyro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAMI_by_J.M.K." title="RAMI by J.M.K.">RAMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revell" title="Revell">Revell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_2_(company)" title="Round 2 (company)">Round 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safir_(models)" title="Safir (models)">Safir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalextric" title="Scalextric">Scalextric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schuco_Modell" title="Schuco Modell">Schuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siku_Toys" title="Siku Toys">Siku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">Solido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamiya_Corporation" title="Tamiya Corporation">Tamiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekno_(toy_manufacturer)" title="Tekno (toy manufacturer)">Tekno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testor_Corporation" title="Testor Corporation">Testors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomica_(toys)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomica (toys)">Tomica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonka" title="Tonka">Tonka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TrueScale_Miniatures" title="TrueScale Miniatures">TrueScale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VEB_Plasticart" title="VEB Plasticart">VEB Plasticart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corgi_International" title="Corgi International">Zindart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziss_Modell" title="Ziss Modell">Ziss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Model_military_vehicle" title="Model military vehicle">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airfix" title="Airfix">Airfix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinky_Toys" title="Dinky Toys">Dinky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ente_Scambi_Coloniali_Internazionali" title="Ente Scambi Coloniali Internazionali">ESCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasegawa_Corporation" title="Hasegawa Corporation">Hasegawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heller_SA" title="Heller SA">Heller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italeri" title="Italeri">Italeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monogram_(company)" title="Monogram (company)">Monogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyro_Plastics_Corporation" title="Pyro Plastics Corporation">Pyro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revell" title="Revell">Revell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skybirds" title="Skybirds">Skybirds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solido" title="Solido">Solido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamiya_Corporation" title="Tamiya Corporation">Tamiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvezda_(company)" title="Zvezda (company)">Zvezda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Model_aircraft" title="Model aircraft">Aircraft</a><br />(<i><a href="/wiki/List_of_model_aircraft_manufacturers" title="List of model aircraft manufacturers">List</a></i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airfix" title="Airfix">Airfix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Plastics_Corporation" title="Aurora Plastics Corporation">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corgi_Classics" title="Corgi Classics">Corgi Classics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corgi_Toys" title="Corgi Toys">Corgi Toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinky_Toys" title="Dinky Toys">Dinky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ente_Scambi_Coloniali_Internazionali" title="Ente Scambi Coloniali Internazionali">ESCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog_(models)" title="Frog (models)">Frog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawk_Model_Company" title="Hawk Model Company">Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heller_SA" title="Heller SA">Heller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herpa_Wings" title="Herpa Wings">Herpa Wings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italeri" title="Italeri">Italeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majorette_(toy_manufacturer)" title="Majorette (toy manufacturer)">Majorette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monogram_(company)" title="Monogram (company)">Monogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_Products_Corporation" title="Model Products Corporation">MPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyro_Plastics_Corporation" title="Pyro Plastics Corporation">Pyro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revell" title="Revell">Revell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schuco_Modell" title="Schuco Modell">Schuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siku_Toys" title="Siku Toys">Siku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skybirds" title="Skybirds">Skybirds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamiya_Corporation" title="Tamiya Corporation">Tamiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekno_(toy_manufacturer)" title="Tekno (toy manufacturer)">Tekno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VEB_Plasticart" title="VEB Plasticart">VEB Plasticart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvezda_(company)" title="Zvezda (company)">Zvezda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_modelling" title="Rail transport modelling">Railway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airfix" title="Airfix">Airfix</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accurascale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Accurascale (page does not exist)">Accurascale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athearn" title="Athearn">Athearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Model_Railroad" title="Atlas Model Railroad">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandai" title="Bandai">Bandai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachmann_Industries" title="Bachmann Industries">Bachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachmann_Branchline" title="Bachmann Branchline">Bachmann Branchline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassett-Lowke" title="Bassett-Lowke">Bassett-Lowke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britains_(toy_brand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Britains (toy brand)">Britains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Limited_Imports" title="Broadway Limited Imports">Broadway Limited Imports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapol" title="Dapol">Dapol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heljan" title="Heljan">Heljan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornby_Railways" title="Hornby Railways">Hornby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jouef" title="Jouef">Jouef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kato_Precision_Railroad_Models" title="Kato Precision Railroad Models">Kato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lionel,_LLC" title="Lionel, LLC">Lionel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rklin" title="Märklin">Märklin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rapido_Trains_Inc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rapido Trains Inc. (page does not exist)">Rapido Trains Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosebud_Kitmaster" title="Rosebud Kitmaster">Kitmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima_(models)" title="Lima (models)">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meccano_Ltd" title="Meccano Ltd">Meccano Ltd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wm._K._Walthers" title="Wm. K. Walthers">Walthers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Model_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Model ship">Ships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airfix" title="Airfix">Airfix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_(company)" title="Atlantic (company)">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinky_Toys" title="Dinky Toys">Dinky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frog_(models)" title="Frog (models)">Frog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawk_Model_Company" title="Hawk Model Company">Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heller_SA" title="Heller SA">Heller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italeri" title="Italeri">Italeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monogram_(company)" title="Monogram (company)">Monogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyro_Plastics_Corporation" title="Pyro Plastics Corporation">Pyro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revell" title="Revell">Revell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_machinery" title="Agricultural machinery">Agricultural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Britains" title="Britains">Britains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ertl_Company" title="Ertl Company">Ertl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siku_Toys" title="Siku Toys">Siku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Model_figure" title="Model figure">Figures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandai" title="Bandai">Bandai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britains" title="Britains">Britains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawk_Model_Company" title="Hawk Model Company">Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Toys" title="Hot Toys">Hot Toys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jada_Toys" title="Jada Toys">Jada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenner_Products" title="Kenner Products">Kenner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McFarlane_Toys" title="McFarlane Toys">McFarlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezco_Toyz" title="Mezco Toyz">Mezco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Entertainment_Collectibles_Association" title="National Entertainment Collectibles Association">NECA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sideshow_Collectibles" title="Sideshow Collectibles">Sideshow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOTA_Toys" title="SOTA Toys">SOTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corgi_International" title="Corgi International">Zindart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Architectural_model" title="Architectural model">Construction</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayko" title="Bayko">Bayko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meccano" title="Meccano">Meccano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Humbrol" title="Humbrol">Humbrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamiya_Corporation" title="Tamiya Corporation">Tamiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testor_Corporation" title="Testor Corporation">Testors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Meccano_Magazine" title="Meccano Magazine">Meccano Magazine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Tabletop_game_industry" title="Template:Tabletop 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class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon 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