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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culturele_achtergrond" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culturele_achtergrond"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Culturele achtergrond</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culturele_achtergrond-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Werken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Werken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Werken</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Werken-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Werken-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Werken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Algemene_filosofische_werken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Algemene_filosofische_werken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Algemene filosofische werken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Algemene_filosofische_werken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Werken_die_exclusief_gaan_over_de_natuurfilosofie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Werken_die_exclusief_gaan_over_de_natuurfilosofie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Werken die exclusief gaan over de natuurfilosofie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Werken_die_exclusief_gaan_over_de_natuurfilosofie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Werken_over_de_esoterie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Werken_over_de_esoterie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Werken over de esoterie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Werken_over_de_esoterie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Avicenna_over_het_getalbegrip" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avicenna_over_het_getalbegrip"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Avicenna over het getalbegrip</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avicenna_over_het_getalbegrip-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fysica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fysica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Fysica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fysica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trivia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trivia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Trivia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trivia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Nederlandse_vertaling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Nederlandse_vertaling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>In Nederlandse vertaling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Nederlandse_vertaling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Avicenna</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 153 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-153" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">153 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%89%A5%E1%8A%95_%E1%88%B2%E1%8A%93" title="ኢብን ሲና – Amhaars" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢብን ሲና" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicena" title="Avicena – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Avicena" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ابن سينا – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ابن سينا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ابن سينا – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابن سينا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicena" title="Avicena – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Avicena" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0bn_Sina" title="İbn Sina – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İbn Sina" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ابن سینا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ابن سینا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B1%D2%AF%D2%93%D3%99%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Әбүғәлисина – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Әбүғәлисина" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Av%C4%97cena" title="Avėcena – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Avėcena" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Авіцэна – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Авіцэна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Авіцэна – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Авіцэна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Sina" title="Ibnu Sina – Bataviaans" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Ibnu Sina" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Bataviaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Авицена – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Авицена" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="इब्न सीना – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इब्न सीना" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Sina" title="Ibnu Sina – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Ibnu Sina" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="ইবনে সিনা – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইবনে সিনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avisenna" title="Avisenna – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Avisenna" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn-Sina" title="Ibn-Sina – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ibn-Sina" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Sina" title="Ibnu Sina – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Ibnu Sina" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ибн Сина – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ибн Сина" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ибн Сина – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ибн Сина" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicena" title="Avicena – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Avicena" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ئیبن سینا – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیبن سینا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0bn_Sina" title="İbn Sina – Krim-Tataars" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İbn Sina" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Krim-Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ибн Сина – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ибн Сина" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0bni_Sina" title="İbni Sina – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İbni Sina" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Αβικέννας – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αβικέννας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviceno" title="Aviceno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Aviceno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicena" title="Avicena – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Avicena" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_S%C4%ABn%C4%81" title="Ibn Sīnā – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ibn Sīnā" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avizena" title="Avizena – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Avizena" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicena" title="Avicena – Extremeens" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Avicena" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ابن سینا – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابن سینا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_sina" title="Ibn sina – Fulah" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Ibn sina" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fulah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenne" title="Avicenne – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Avicenne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avisenna" title="Avisenna – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Avisenna" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E9%82%A3" title="伊本·西那 – Ganyu" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="伊本·西那" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Ganyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenne" title="Avicenne – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Avicenne" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicena" title="Avicena – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Avicena" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ابن سینا – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="ابن سینا" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avis%C3%A9na" title="Aviséna – Guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Aviséna" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Sina" title="Ibnu Sina – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Ibnu Sina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Sina" title="Ibn Sina – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ibn Sina" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%90" title="אבן סינא – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבן סינא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="इब्न सीना – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इब्न सीना" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicena" title="Avicena – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Avicena" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Ավիցեննա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ավիցեննա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Sina" title="Ibnu Sina – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ibnu Sina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ибн Сина – Ingoesjetisch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ибн Сина" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingoesjetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC" title="イブン・スィーナー – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イブン・スィーナー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avisena" title="Avisena – Jamaicaans Creools" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Avisena" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaicaans Creools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Sina" title="Ibnu Sina – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ibnu Sina" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="იბნ სინა – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იბნ სინა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ali_Ibn_Sina" title="Abu Ali Ibn Sina – Karakalpaks" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Abu Ali Ibn Sina" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Karakalpaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Sina" title="Ibn Sina – Kabylisch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ibn Sina" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabylisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ибн Сина – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ибн Сина" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A8" title="ಅವಿಸೆನ್ನ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅವಿಸೆನ್ನ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%90_%EC%8B%9C%EB%82%98" title="이븐 시나 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이븐 시나" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ابن سینا – Kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ابن سینا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ebn_S%C3%AEna" title="Îbn Sîna – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îbn Sîna" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ибн Сина – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ибн Сина" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicena" title="Avicena – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Avicena" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Sina" title="Ibnu Sina – Madoerees" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Ibnu Sina" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madoerees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Sina" title="Ibn Sina – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ibn Sina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Sina" title="Ibnu Sina – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Ibnu Sina" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Авицена – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Авицена" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A8" title="ഇബ്നു സീന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇബ്നു സീന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Авиценна – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Авиценна" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE" title="इब्न सिना – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इब्न सिना" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Sina" title="Ibnu Sina – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ibnu Sina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abicena" title="Abicena – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Abicena" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%AE%E1%80%86%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AC" title="အာဗီဆန်နာ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အာဗီဆန်နာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Авиценна – Erzja" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Авиценна" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بوعلی سینا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بوعلی سینا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn-Sin%C3%A2" title="Ibn-Sinâ – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ibn-Sinâ" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicena" title="Avicena – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Avicena" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਬਨ ਸੀਨਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਬਨ ਸੀਨਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awicenna" title="Awicenna – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Awicenna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avic%C3%ABnna" title="Avicënna – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Avicënna" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ابن سینا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ابن سینا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%8A" title="ابن سينا بلخي – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ابن سينا بلخي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicena" title="Avicena – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Avicena" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ибн Сина – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ибн Сина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Авіценна – Roetheens" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Авіценна" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Roetheens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8" title="अविसेन्न – Sanskriet" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="अविसेन्न" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskriet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ибн Сина – Jakoets" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ибн Сина" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱮᱵᱷᱤᱥᱮᱱᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱮᱵᱷᱤᱥᱮᱱᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ابن سينا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ابن سينا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Sina" title="Ibn Sina – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ibn Sina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="بو علی سینا – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="بو علی سینا" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Siinaa" title="Ibn Siinaa – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Ibn Siinaa" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Sina" title="Ibn Sina – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ibn Sina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ибн Сина – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ибн Сина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibnu_Sina" title="Ibnu Sina – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Ibnu Sina" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Sina" title="Ibn Sina – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ibn Sina" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BE" title="இப்னு சீனா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இப்னு சீனா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%87%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%86_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BE" title="ఇబ్నె సీనా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇబ్నె సీనా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE" title="Ибни Сино – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ибни Сино" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2" title="อิบน์ ซีนา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิบน์ ซีนา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Aly_ibn_Sina" title="Abu Aly ibn Sina – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Abu Aly ibn Sina" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Sina" title="Ibn Sina – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Ibn Sina" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0bn_Sina" title="İbn Sina – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İbn Sina" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%98%D0%B1%D1%83_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Әбу Гали ибн Сина – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Әбу Гали ибн Сина" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B1%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Ибн Сина – Toevaans" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Ибн Сина" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Toevaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EF%BA%8B%EF%AF%A9%EF%BA%92%EF%AF%A9%EF%BB%A6_%EF%BA%B3%EF%AF%A9%EF%BB%A8%EF%BA%8E" title="ﺋﯩﺒﯩﻦ ﺳﯩﻨﺎ – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ﺋﯩﺒﯩﻦ ﺳﯩﻨﺎ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Авіценна – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Авіценна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7" title="ابن سینا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ابن سینا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ali_ibn_Sino" title="Abu Ali ibn Sino – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Abu Ali ibn Sino" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Sina" title="Ibn Sina – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ibn Sina" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Avicenna" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9C%AC%C2%B7%E8%A5%BF%E9%82%A3" title="伊本·西那 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="伊本·西那" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="იბნ სინა – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იბნ სინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Avicenna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Avicenna.jpg/260px-Avicenna.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="403" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Avicenna.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="301" data-file-height="467" /></a><figcaption>Avicenna in een manuscript uit 1271</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Islamic_MedText_c1500.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Islamic_MedText_c1500.jpg/260px-Islamic_MedText_c1500.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="377" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Islamic_MedText_c1500.jpg/390px-Islamic_MedText_c1500.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Islamic_MedText_c1500.jpg/520px-Islamic_MedText_c1500.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1087" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Canon_van_de_geneeskunde" title="Canon van de geneeskunde">Canon van de geneeskunde</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ibn Sina</b> of (Latijn) <b>Avicenna</b> (voluit <i>Aboe Ali Al-Hoessein Ibn Abdoellah Ibn Sina Balkhi</i>, nabij <a href="/wiki/Balch_(Afghanistan)" title="Balch (Afghanistan)">Balkh</a>,<a href="/wiki/980" title="980">980</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan">Hamadan</a>, <a href="/wiki/1037" title="1037">1037</a>) was een <a href="/wiki/Arts" title="Arts">medicus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie">geoloog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paleontologie" title="Paleontologie">paleontoloog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Natuurkunde" title="Natuurkunde">natuurkundige</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psycholoog" title="Psycholoog">psycholoog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wiskundige" title="Wiskundige">wiskundige</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wetenschapper" title="Wetenschapper">wetenschapper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosoof" title="Filosoof">filosoof</a> en <a href="/wiki/Alchemie" title="Alchemie">alchemist</a> van <a href="/wiki/Perzen" title="Perzen">Perzische</a> afkomst. Hij leverde bijdragen op het gebied van de <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">aristotelische</a> filosofie en de geneeskunde en schreef naar schatting 100 à 250 verhandelingen,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> de meeste hiervan in het <a href="/wiki/Arabisch" title="Arabisch">Arabisch</a>. Zijn bekendste werk is de <a href="/wiki/Canon_van_de_geneeskunde" title="Canon van de geneeskunde">Canon van de geneeskunde</a> (<i>Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb</i>), die uit meer dan een miljoen woorden bestaat en lange tijd ook in Europa een standaardwerk zou blijven. Zowel dat werk als zijn interpretatie van <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> bleven in Europa tot in de 17de eeuw een aanzienlijke rol spelen.<sup id="cite_ref-larousse_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-larousse-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografie">Biografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Biografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Biografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Avicenna dicteerde bij leven zijn autobiografie aan zijn vriend en leerling <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_%27Ubayd_al-Juzjani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu 'Ubayd al-Juzjani (de pagina bestaat niet)">Abu 'Ubayd al-Juzjani</a>, die tot de dood van Avicenna bij hem bleef en de tekst aanvulde tot een complete biografie. De andere belangrijke bron is Ibn Funduq (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu%27l-Hasan_Bayhaqi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi (de pagina bestaat niet)">Abu'l-Hasan Bayhaqi</a>, overleden rond 1170) die een hoofdstuk aan hem wijdt in <i>Tatimma siwan al-hikma.</i> Latere bronnen zoals Ibn Khallikhan (overleden 1281) steunen rechtstreeks of onrechtstreeks op de twee eerste bronnen. Van de autobiografie/biografie zijn manuscripten met verschillende versies overgeleverd.<sup id="cite_ref-gohlman_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gohlman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ibn Sina werd in februari 980 geboren in Balkh, nu <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zijn vader was de gouverneur van de Perzische <a href="/wiki/Samaniden" title="Samaniden">Samaniden</a>-dynastie. Uit een door hem zelf gedicteerde autobiografie blijkt dat Ibn Sina op 10-jarige leeftijd de <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koran</a> en een groot deel van de <a href="/wiki/Iran#Literatuur_en_poëzie" title="Iran">Perzische poëzie</a> uit zijn hoofd kende. Hierdoor stond hij bekend als een <a href="/wiki/Wonderkind" title="Wonderkind">wonderkind</a>. Op de jonge leeftijd van zeventien genas hij de <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">emir</a> van de Samaniden <a href="/w/index.php?title=Noeh_ibn_Mansoer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noeh ibn Mansoer (de pagina bestaat niet)">Noeh ibn Mansoer</a>, waarna hij toegang kreeg tot de uitgebreide bibliotheek van de emir. Naar zijn eigen zeggen was hij onderwezen in alle takken van de formele en hogere studies van de wetenschap toen hij de leeftijd van achttien bereikte. </p><p>Na de dood van zijn vader begon Ibn Sina een periode van filosofie, studie en reizen. Hij bezocht plaatsen als <a href="/wiki/Gorgan" title="Gorgan">Gorgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin">Qazvin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan">Hamadan</a> en <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a>. </p><p>Door zijn wetenschappelijke werken kreeg Ibn Sina verschillende (bij)namen, waaronder <i>Shaikh Al-Ra'ies</i>, <i>Hujjat Al-Haqq</i>, <i>Sharaf Al-Mulk</i> en <i>Imam Al-Hukama</i>. Hij schreef als een van de eersten over besmettelijke ziekten en <a href="/wiki/Seksueel_overdraagbare_aandoening" title="Seksueel overdraagbare aandoening">soa's</a> en beschreef quarantaine om verspreiding van ziekten te voorkomen. Hij schreef onder andere over het klinisch testen van <a href="/wiki/Geneesmiddel" title="Geneesmiddel">medicijnen</a>, het diagnosticeren van symptomen van ziekten en over de symptomen en complicaties van <a href="/wiki/Suikerziekte" class="mw-redirect" title="Suikerziekte">suikerziekte</a>. Ibn Sina beschreef ook de invloed van de kwaliteit van water en voedsel op de gezondheid. Hij toonde aan dat het bloed het <a href="/wiki/Hart" title="Hart">hart</a> binnenkomt om vervolgens door het hele lichaam te worden gepompt. Hij voerde de verdoving in voor operaties en wist centrale en perifere aangezichtsverlamming van elkaar te onderscheiden. </p><p>Ibn Sina overleed in 1037 in <a href="/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan">Hamadan</a> (Iran) en is daar begraven. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culturele_achtergrond">Culturele achtergrond</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Culturele achtergrond" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Culturele achtergrond"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/wiki/Kalifaat_van_de_Abbasiden" title="Kalifaat van de Abbasiden">Abbasidische dynastie</a> had in 762 de nieuwe hoofdstad <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">Bagdad</a> gesticht en aldaar een grote impuls gegeven aan literatuur en wetenschap in de Arabische taal. Tegen de 10de eeuw trad enerzijds een politiek verval in, waardoor afgelegen provincies zoals <a href="/wiki/Transoxani%C3%AB" title="Transoxanië">Transoxanië</a> in Oost-Perzië (het domein van de Samaniden) steeds meer onafhankelijk optraden; anderzijds viel Bagdad ten prooi aan religieuze orthodoxie, en weken veel geleerden (waaronder <a href="/wiki/Syrische_christenen" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrische christenen">Syrische christenen</a> en Perzische aanhangers van het <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrisme" title="Zoroastrisme">zoroastrisme</a>, maar ook onafhankelijk denkende moslims) uit naar Perzië: deze periode wordt door sommige geschiedschrijvers de <i>Perzische renaissance</i> genoemd.<sup id="cite_ref-afnan1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afnan1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De Syriër <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_al-Khammar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn al-Khammar (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ibn al-Khammar</a> was in Bagdad opgevoed als Christen. Na een bezoek aan de prins van <a href="/wiki/Chorasmi%C3%AB" title="Chorasmië">Chorasmië</a> werd hij samen met <a href="/wiki/Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">Al-Biruni</a> weggevoerd naar het hof van sultan Mahmoed in <a href="/wiki/Ghazni_(stad)" title="Ghazni (stad)">Ghazni</a>. Al-Khammar wordt 'de tweede <a href="/wiki/Hippocrates_van_Kos" title="Hippocrates van Kos">Hippocrates</a>' genoemd en genoot een felle bewondering door Avicenna, die schrijft: "moge God ons toelaten hem te ontmoeten, in ons voordeel of in het zijne."<sup id="cite_ref-afnan1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afnan1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Een andere geneesheer-filosoof was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Sahl_%27Isa_ibn_Yahya_al-Masihi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi (de pagina bestaat niet)">Abu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi</a> ('de Christen'), geboren in Gorgan maar opgevoed in Bagdad. Na zijn terugkeer naar Chorasmië sloot hij een nauwe vriendschap met Avicenna, en het zou kunnen dat hij als diens leermeester optrad in sommige domeinen die hun beiden interesseerden. Toen sultan Mahmoed de prins het bevel gaf alle beroemdheden van diens hof naar hem te zenden, vluchtten al-Masihi en Avicenna. Tijdens die vlucht kwam al-Masihi om in een zandstorm.<sup id="cite_ref-afnan2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-afnan2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Werken">Werken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Werken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Werken"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ibn Sina's werken zijn in drie categorieën verdeeld, namelijk; </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Algemene_filosofische_werken">Algemene filosofische werken</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Algemene filosofische werken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Algemene filosofische werken"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Sjifa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Sjifa (de pagina bestaat niet)">Al-Sjifa</a></i> (Het boek van genezing)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketab_Al-Najah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketab Al-Najah (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ketab Al-Najah</a></i> (Het boek van overleveringen) (een samenvatting van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Sjifa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Sjifa (de pagina bestaat niet)">Al-Sjifa</a>)</li> <li><i>Uyun Al-Hikmah</i> (Fonteinen der wijsheid)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daneshnamayyeh_Ala%27i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daneshnamayyeh Ala'i (de pagina bestaat niet)">Daneshnamayyeh Ala'i</a></i> (Het eerste Afghaanse filosofieboek)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Isharat_W%27al-Tanbihat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Isharat W'al-Tanbihat (de pagina bestaat niet)">Al-Isharat W'al-Tanbihat</a></i> (Boek van directieven en opmerkingen)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Werken_die_exclusief_gaan_over_de_natuurfilosofie">Werken die exclusief gaan over de natuurfilosofie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Werken die exclusief gaan over de natuurfilosofie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Werken die exclusief gaan over de natuurfilosofie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kwesties met betrekking tot <a href="/wiki/Natuurfilosofie" title="Natuurfilosofie">natuurfilosofie</a> van bestaande factoren in de <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Sjifa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Sjifa (de pagina bestaat niet)">Al-Sjifa</a></i></li> <li>De <a href="/wiki/Canon_van_de_geneeskunde" title="Canon van de geneeskunde">Canon van de geneeskunde</a> (<i>Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb</i>), het bekendste boek in de geschiedenis van de medische wetenschap</li> <li>Het gedicht over de medici getiteld <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Urjuzah_fi_Al-Tibb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Urjuzah fi Al-Tibb (de pagina bestaat niet)">Al-Urjuzah fi Al-Tibb</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Werken_over_de_esoterie">Werken over de esoterie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Werken over de esoterie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Werken over de esoterie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Risalah Hayy Ibn Yaqzan</i></li> <li><i>Risalat Al-Tayr</i></li> <li><i>Salaman wa Absal</i></li> <li>De laatste drie hoofdstukken van de <i>Isharat</i>, getiteld <i>Mantiq al-Mashriqien</i></li> <li><i>Al Qasidat al Ayniyah</i></li> <li>Korte commentaren op <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">Koranteksten</a></li></ul> <p>Daarnaast bevat <i>al-Mubahatat</i> ("de discussies") een collectie brieven die filosofische gedachtenwisselingen weergeven enerzijds tussen Avicenna, Bahmanyar en Abu l-Qasim, en anderzijds tussen Avicenna en Ibn Zayla.<sup id="cite_ref-reisman_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reisman-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Avicenna_over_het_getalbegrip">Avicenna over het getalbegrip</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Avicenna over het getalbegrip" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Avicenna over het getalbegrip"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Avicenna was goed op de hoogte van het werk van de Griekse filosofen, waarschijnlijk via Arabische vertalingen. Met name bekritiseerde hij Plato's argumenten volgens dewelke wiskundige objecten (zoals getallen) ideeën zijn die een onafhankelijk bestaan leiden van hun begrip door mensen; maar vooral de positie van Aristoteles krachtens dewelke getallen potentieel in de materie bestaan. Avicenna merkte op dat de menselijke geest zich oneindige rijen getallen kan voorstellen, terwijl die onmogelijk waarneembaar zijn in de realiteit. Ook bij Pythagoras en zijn volgelingen stelt Avicenna een onhoudbare koppeling vast tussen een getal en zijn waarneembare manifestaties.<sup id="cite_ref-tahiri_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tahiri-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Voor Avicenna is een getal het resultaat van een creatieve bewerking van de menselijke geest: het getal 2 <i>is</i> de handeling van het combineren van twee afzonderlijke eenheden. In die zin vormt zijn werk een voorafspiegeling van de filosofie van de wiskunde zoals veel later uiteengezet door <a href="/wiki/Gottlob_Frege" title="Gottlob Frege">Gottlob Frege</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tahiri_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tahiri-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fysica">Fysica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Fysica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Fysica"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De meest uitgebreide verhandeling over fysica van Avicenna is <i>Al-Sama al-tabi'i,</i> het eerste onderdeel van het tweede deel van Al-Sjifa. Het is weliswaar geen commentaar op, of een interpretatie van, de <i>fysica</i> van Aristoteles (waarmee Avicenna in vertaling vertrouwd was), maar vormt zijn eigen versie van een wetenschap waarvan het onderwerp traditioneel werd afgebakend door dat werk van Aristoteles. Hij behandelt in het bijzonder de begrippen materie, vorm, natuur, beweging, plaats en tijd. Daarnaast bestaan van zijn hand een achttal minder uitputtende verhandelingen over afzonderlijke disciplines binnen de natuurwetenschappen.<sup id="cite_ref-lammer_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lammer-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apodemus_avicennicus" title="Apodemus avicennicus">Apodemus avicennicus</a></i> (een naar Ibn Sina vernoemd knaagdier)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_Van_Riet" title="Simone Van Riet">Simone Van Riet</a>, Belgisch hoogleraar die publiceerde over de Latijnse vertalingen van het werk van Ibn Sina</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trivia">Trivia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Trivia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Trivia"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Kortrijk" title="Kortrijk">Kortrijk</a> staat op een rotonde in de Marksesteenweg een standbeeld van Avicenna, een geschenk van de Oezbeekse hoofdstad <a href="/wiki/Tasjkent" title="Tasjkent">Tasjkent</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Nederlandse_vertaling">In Nederlandse vertaling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: In Nederlandse vertaling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avicenna&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: In Nederlandse vertaling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Leerdicht der geneeskunst</i>, vert. M.M.J. Reyners, 1991. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789060099896" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789060099896">ISBN 9789060099896</a></span></li> <li><i>Over het beheer van huis en haard</i>, vert. Tineke Hoff, 1993. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789039105771" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789039105771">ISBN 9789039105771</a></span></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div></div> <p><b>Externe links</b> </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranchamber.com/personalities/asina/abu_ali_sina.php">Iranian Personalities: Abu Ali Sina (Avecenna)</a> Biografie bij IranChamber.com</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ontology.co/avicenna.htm">Avicenna (Ibn-Sina) on the Subject and the Object of Metaphysics</a> Verhandeling op ontology.co</li></ul> <p><b>Literatuur</b> </p> <ul><li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Y. T. Langermann</span> (ed.): <i>Avicenna and his Legacy. A Golden Age of Science and Philosophy</i>, <a href="/wiki/Brepols" title="Brepols">Brepols</a> Publishers, 2010. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-2-503-52753-6" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-2-503-52753-6">ISBN 978-2-503-52753-6</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gilbert Sinoué</span>: <i>La route d'Hispahan</i> (<i>Le médecin d'Hispahan</i>), Collection Folio, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Deno%C3%ABl" title="Éditions Denoël">Éd. Denoël</a>, 1989. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/2-07-038302-4" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/2-07-038302-4">ISBN 2-07-038302-4</a></span> A38302</li></ul> <p><b>Bronnen</b> </p> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Seyyed Hossein Nasr</span> en <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Oliver Leaman</span>: <i>History of Islamic philosophy</i>, p. 232. Routledge, New York, 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-larousse-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-larousse_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Frans">(<span>fr</span>) </span> "Avicenne". <i>Le Petit Larousse illustré</i>. (1992). Red. Maubourguet, Patrice. Parijs: Larousse. p. 1125.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gohlman-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gohlman_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFGohlman1974_1-9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Gohlman, William E.</span> (1974). <cite><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeibnsinacriti00sina">The life of Ibn Sina: A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation</a></i></cite>. State University of New York Press, New York, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lifeibnsinacriti00sina/page/1">1</a>-9. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-87395-226-X" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/0-87395-226-X">ISBN 0-87395-226-X</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Oliver Leaman</span>: <i>History of Islamic philosophy</i>, p. 231. Routledge, New York, 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-afnan1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-afnan1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-afnan1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFAfnan2016_39-56"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Afnan, Soheil M.</span> (2016 - eerste editie 1958 George Allen & Unwin). <cite><i>Avicenna: His Life and Works</i></cite>. Routledge, Londen, New York, "1. Persia in the Tenth Century", pp. 39-56. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-138-94056-7" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-138-94056-7">ISBN 978-1-138-94056-7</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-afnan2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-afnan2_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFAfnan2016_64"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Afnan, Soheil M.</span> (2016 - eerste editie 1958 George Allen & Unwin). <cite><i>Avicenna: His Life and Works</i></cite>. Routledge, Londen, New York, "2. Life and Works of Avicenna", pp. 64. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-138-94056-7" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-1-138-94056-7">ISBN 978-1-138-94056-7</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reisman-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-reisman_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFReisman2002_9"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Reisman, David C.</span> (2002). <cite><i>The Making of the Avicennan Tradition: The Transmission, Contents, and Structure of Ibn Sina's al-Mubahatat (The Discussions)</i></cite>. Brill, Leiden, "Introduction", pp. 9. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/90-04-12504-3" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/90-04-12504-3">ISBN 90-04-12504-3</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tahiri-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-tahiri_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tahiri_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFTahiri2016"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Tahiri, Hassan</span> (2016). <cite><i>Mathematics and the Mind: An Introduction to Ibn Sina's Theory of Knowledge</i></cite>. Springer, Cham. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-3-319-25236-0" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-3-319-25236-0">ISBN 978-3-319-25236-0</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lammer-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-lammer_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" id="CITEREFLammer2018_1-2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Lammer, Andreas</span> (2018). <cite><i>The Elements of Avicenna's Physics: Greek Sources and Arabic Innovations</i></cite>. De Gruyter, Berlijn, "Introduction", pp. 1-2. <span class="ISBN"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-3-11-054358-2" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-3-11-054358-2">ISBN 978-3-11-054358-2</a></span>.</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Avicenna#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Avicenna">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" 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role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Bibliografische informatie" data-collapsetext="Inklappen" data-expandtext="Uitklappen"><div id="Bibliografische_informatie" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bibliografische_informatie" title="Wikipedia:Bibliografische informatie">Bibliografische informatie</a></div><div class="navigatie-inhoud mw-collapsible-content plainlist ta-left"><ul style="column-width:36em"><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bibsys" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibsys">Bibsys</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90079307">90079307</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">Biblioteca Nacional de España</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX968054">XX968054</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11889658g">cb11889658g</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11889658g">(data)</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A0leg_d%27autoritats_de_noms_i_t%C3%ADtols_de_Catalunya" title="Catàleg d'autoritats de noms i títols de Catalunya">Catàleg d'autoritats de noms i títols de Catalunya</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521609006706">981058521609006706</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA0097410X?l=en">DA0097410X</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">Gemeinsame Normdatei</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118505254">118505254</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">International Standard Name Identifier</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000121430876">0000 0001 2143 0876</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">Library of Congress Control Number</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n80002386">n80002386</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Letland" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Letland">Nationale Bibliotheek van Letland</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000204012&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000204012</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheek_van_het_Japanse_parlement" title="Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement">Bibliotheek van het Japanse parlement</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620299">00620299</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Tsjechi%C3%AB" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië">Nationale Bibliotheek van Tsjechië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19981000172&CON_LNG=ENG">jn19981000172</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_bibliotheek_van_Australi%C3%AB" title="Nationale bibliotheek van Australië">Nationale bibliotheek van Australië</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35011193">35011193</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Isra%C3%ABl" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël">Nationale Bibliotheek van Israël</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007258182705171">987007258182705171</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_Bibliotheek_van_Polen" title="Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen">Nationale Bibliotheek van Polen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/a0000001178045">a0000001178045</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nationale_en_Universitaire_bibliotheek_Zagreb" title="Nationale en Universitaire bibliotheek Zagreb">Nationale en Universitaire bibliotheek Zagreb</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000085290&local_base=nsk10">000085290</a></span></li><li><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P1006" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P1006">Nederlandse Thesaurus van Auteursnamen</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068532938">068532938</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/R%C3%89RO" title="RÉRO">Réseau des bibliothèques de Suisse occidentale</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.rero.ch/02-A000014407">02-A000014407</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Istituto_Centrale_per_il_Catalogo_Unico" title="Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico">Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/opacsbn/opac/iccu/scheda_authority.jsp?bid=VEAV002253">VEAV002253</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS" title="LIBRIS">LIBRIS</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/auth/37427">37427</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/SNAC" title="SNAC">SNAC</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6rr1w9d">w6rr1w9d</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">Système universitaire de documentation</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/086202936">086202936</a></span></li><li><b><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21527102" class="extiw" title="d:Q21527102">TDVİA</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/ibn-sina">ibn-sina</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Trove" title="Trove">Trove</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/788876">788876</a></span></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">Virtual International Authority File</a>:</b> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/89770781">89770781</a></span></li><li><b></b> <b><a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat</a></b> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/89770781">89770781</a></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67837862"> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Filosofen_uit_de_middeleeuwen_en_de_renaissance"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_middeleeuwse_filosofie" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie middeleeuwse filosofie"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_middeleeuwse_filosofie&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" 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class="navigatie-tabel vatop" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style=""><tbody><tr><td class="links" style=""><b>Patristiek:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Augustinus_van_Hippo" title="Augustinus van Hippo">Augustinus van Hippo</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ambrosius_van_Milaan" title="Ambrosius van Milaan">Ambrosius van Milaan</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bo%C3%ABthius" title="Boëthius">Boëthius</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Dionysius" title="Pseudo-Dionysius">Pseudo-Dionysius de Areopagiet</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Scholastiek:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Anselmus_van_Canterbury" title="Anselmus van Canterbury">Anselmus van Canterbury</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bernardus_van_Clairvaux" title="Bernardus van Clairvaux">Bernard van Clairvaux</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bonaventura" title="Bonaventura">Bonaventura</a> · <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lo%C3%AFse" title="Héloïse">Héloïse</a> · <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Scotus" title="Johannes Scotus">Johannes Scotus Eriugena</a> · <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Duns_Scotus" title="Johannes Duns Scotus">Johannes Duns Scotus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Meester_Eckhart" title="Meester Eckhart">Meester Eckhart</a> · <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Abaelardus" title="Petrus Abaelardus">Petrus Abaelardus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Lombardus" title="Petrus Lombardus">Petrus Lombardus</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zeger_van_Brabant" title="Zeger van Brabant">Siger van Brabant</a> · <a href="/wiki/Thomas_van_Aquino" title="Thomas van Aquino">Thomas van Aquino</a> · <a href="/wiki/Willem_van_Ockham" title="Willem van Ockham">Willem van Ockham</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Renaissance:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Petrarca" title="Francesco Petrarca">Francesco Petrarca</a> · <a href="/wiki/Georgios_Gemistos_Plethon" title="Georgios Gemistos Plethon">Georgios Gemistos Plethon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giordano_Bruno" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Bruno</a> · <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pico_della_Mirandola" title="Giovanni Pico della Mirandola">Giovanni Pico della Mirandola</a> · <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Valla" title="Lorenzo Valla">Lorenzo Valla</a> · <a href="/wiki/Marsilio_Ficino" title="Marsilio Ficino">Marsilio Ficino</a> · <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli" title="Niccolò Machiavelli">Niccolò Machiavelli</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_van_Cusa" title="Nicolaas van Cusa">Nicolaas van Cusa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Pomponazzi" title="Pietro Pomponazzi">Pietro Pomponazzi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Agricola" title="Rudolf Agricola">Rudolf Agricola</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><span class="nowrap"><b>Arabisch-islamitische filosofie:</b></span></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Qasim_al-Zahravi" title="Abu al-Qasim al-Zahravi">Abulcasis</a> · <a href="/wiki/Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">Al-Biruni</a> · <a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Al-Farabi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Al-Ghazali" title="Al-Ghazali">Al-Ghazali</a> · <a href="/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi">Al-Kindi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Averroes" title="Averroes">Averroes</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Avicenna</a> · <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hazm" title="Ibn Hazm">Ibn Hazm</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_al-Toesi" title="Nasir al-Din al-Toesi">Nasir al-Din al-Toesi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Omar_Khayy%C3%A1m" title="Omar Khayyám">Omar Khayyám</a> · <a href="/wiki/Sjihaab_al-Dien_Yahya_al-Sohrawardi" title="Sjihaab al-Dien Yahya al-Sohrawardi">Sjihaab al-Dien Yahya al-Sohrawardi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Thabit_ibn_Qurra" title="Thabit ibn Qurra">Thabit ibn Qurra</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Joodse filosofie:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_ibn_Ezra" title="Abraham ibn Ezra">Abraham ibn Ezra</a> · <a href="/wiki/Bachya_ben_Josef_ibn_Paquda" title="Bachya ben Josef ibn Paquda">Bachya ben Josef ibn Paquda</a> · <a href="/wiki/Jitschak_Abarbanel" title="Jitschak Abarbanel">Jitschak Abarbanel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Juda_Halevi" title="Juda Halevi">Jehuda Halevi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a> · <a href="/wiki/Nachmanides" title="Nachmanides">Nachmanides</a> · <a href="/wiki/Saadia_Gaon" title="Saadia Gaon">Saadia Gaon</a> · <a href="/wiki/Solomon_ibn_Gabirol" title="Solomon ibn Gabirol">Solomon ibn Gabirol</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Zie ook:</b> <a href="/wiki/Oosterse_filosofie" title="Oosterse filosofie">Oosterse filosofie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Antieke_filosofie" title="Antieke filosofie">Antieke filosofie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Moderne_filosofie" title="Moderne filosofie">Moderne filosofie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Postmoderne_filosofie" title="Postmoderne filosofie">Postmoderne filosofie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portaal:Filosofie" title="Portaal:Filosofie">Portaal filosofie</a> </p> </div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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