UX & Usability Articles from Nielsen Norman Group

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The tone of any piece of content can be analyzed along 4 dimensions: humor, formality, respectfulness, and enthusiasm.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item article"> <div class="article teaser"> <div class="content"> <h2 class="title"> <a href="/articles/between-within-subjects/">Between-Subjects vs. Within-Subjects Study Design</a> </h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">May 13, 2018</span><span class="mobile only">May 13, 2018</span> | Article: 7 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span>s to read</time> <p>In user research, between-groups designs reduce learning effects; repeated-measures designs require fewer participants and minimize the random noise.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item article"> <div class="article teaser"> <div class="content"> <h2 class="title"> <a href="/articles/ux-research-cheat-sheet/">UX Research Cheat Sheet</a> </h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">February 12, 2017</span><span class="mobile only">Feb 12, 2017</span> | Article: 9 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span>s to read</time> <p>User research can be done at any point in the design cycle. 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Overview answers basic questions + how to run fast user tests.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item article"> <div class="article teaser"> <div class="content"> <h2 class="title"> <a href="/articles/usability-testing-101/">Usability (User) Testing 101</a> </h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">December 1, 2019</span><span class="mobile only">Dec 1, 2019</span> | Article: 6 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span>s to read</time> <p>UX researchers use this popular observational methodology to uncover problems and opportunities in designs.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item article"> <div class="article teaser"> <div class="content"> <h2 class="title"> <a href="/articles/why-you-only-need-to-test-with-5-users/">Why You Only Need to Test with 5 Users</a> </h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">March 18, 2000</span><span class="mobile only">Mar 18, 2000</span> | Article: 5 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span>s to read</time> <p>Elaborate usability tests are a waste of resources. The best results come from testing no more than 5 users and running as many small tests as you can afford.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item article"> <div class="article teaser"> <div class="content"> <h2 class="title"> <a href="/articles/ux-mapping-cheat-sheet/">UX Mapping Methods Compared: A Cheat Sheet</a> </h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">November 5, 2017</span><span class="mobile only">Nov 5, 2017</span> | Article: 5 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span>s to read</time> <p>Empathy maps, customer journey maps, experience maps, and service blueprints depict different processes and have different goals, yet they all build common ground within an organization.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item article"> <div class="article teaser"> <div class="content"> <h2 class="title"> <a href="/articles/design-thinking/">Design Thinking 101</a> </h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">July 31, 2016</span><span class="mobile only">Jul 31, 2016</span> | Article: 6 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span>s to read</time> <p>What is design thinking and why should you care? History and background plus a quick overview and visualization of 6 phases of the design thinking process. Approaching problem solving with a hands-on, user-centric mindset leads to innovation, and innovation can lead to differentiation and a competitive advantage.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item article"> <div class="article teaser"> <div class="content"> <h2 class="title"> <a href="/articles/ux-maturity-model/">The 6 Levels of UX Maturity</a> </h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">June 13, 2021</span><span class="mobile only">Jun 13, 2021</span> | Article: 10 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span>s to read</time> <p>Our UX-maturity model has 6 stages that cover processes, design, research, leadership support, and longevity of UX. Use our quiz to get an idea of your organization’s UX maturity.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item article"> <div class="article teaser"> <div class="content"> <h2 class="title"> <a href="/articles/customer-journey-mapping/">When and How to Create Customer Journey Maps</a> </h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">July 31, 2016</span><span class="mobile only">Jul 31, 2016</span> | Article: 6 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span>s to read</time> <p>Journey maps combine two powerful instruments—storytelling and visualization—in order to help teams understand and address customer needs.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item article"> <div class="article teaser"> <div class="content"> <h2 class="title"> <a href="/articles/top-10-application-design-mistakes/">Top 10 Application-Design Mistakes</a> </h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">February 17, 2019</span><span class="mobile only">Feb 17, 2019</span> | Article: 12 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span>s to read</time> <p>Application usability is enhanced when the UI guides and supports users through the workflow.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item article"> <div class="article teaser"> <div class="content"> <h2 class="title"> <a href="/articles/user-interviews/">User Interviews: How, When, and Why to Conduct Them</a> </h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">October 7, 2018</span><span class="mobile only">Oct 7, 2018</span> | Article: 10 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span>s to read</time> <p>User interviews have become a popular technique for getting user feedback, mainly because they are fast and easy. Use them to learn about users’ perceptions of your design, not about its usability.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item article"> <div class="article teaser"> <div class="content"> <h2 class="title"> <a href="/articles/f-shaped-pattern-reading-web-content/">F-Shaped Pattern of Reading on the Web: Misunderstood, But Still Relevant (Even on Mobile)</a> </h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">November 12, 2017</span><span class="mobile only">Nov 12, 2017</span> | Article: 8 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span>s to read</time> <p>Eyetracking research shows that people scan webpages and phone screens in various patterns, one of them being the shape of the letter F. Eleven years after discovering this pattern, we revisit what it means today.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item article"> <div class="article teaser"> <div class="content"> <h2 class="title"> <a href="/articles/checkboxes-vs-radio-buttons/">Checkboxes vs. Radio Buttons</a> </h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">September 26, 2004</span><span class="mobile only">Sep 26, 2004</span> | Article: 6 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span>s to read</time> <p>User interface guidelines for when to use a checkbox control and when to use a radio button control. Twelve usability issues for checkboxes and radio buttons.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item article"> <div class="article teaser"> <div class="content"> <h2 class="title"> <a href="/articles/ux-quiz-2020/">User-Experience Quiz: 2020 UX Year in Review</a> </h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">January 3, 2021</span><span class="mobile only">Jan 3, 2021</span> | Article: 2 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span>s to read</time> <p>Test your usability knowledge by taking our quiz. All questions and answers are based on articles published last year.</p> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="tab-body" id="videosTabContent"> <ul class="publication-list"> <li class="publication-list-item video"> <div class="video teaser"> <div class="fixed twelve column grid"> <div class="content eight-wide m-twelve-wide"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/videos/ux-metrics-are-like-beans/">UX Metrics Are Like Beans</a></h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">November 20, 2024</span><span class="mobile only">Nov 20, 2024</span> | 3 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span> video</time> <p> <span class="media"> <a href="/videos/ux-metrics-are-like-beans/"> <img loading="lazy" src="" srcset="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/UX_Metrics_Are_Like_Beans_Thumbnail-02.png.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.png, https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/UX_Metrics_Are_Like_Beans_Thumbnail-02.png.1300x728_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.png 2x" alt=""> <span class="overlay"> <span class="color icon fab fa-youtube"></span> </span> </a> </span> Common UX metrics can be grouped into three types: continuous, discrete, and binary. Continuous metrics occur on a smooth spectrum, like time. Discrete metrics have regular intervals between them, such as satisfaction score. Binary metrics have two possible values, like pass or fail. </p> </div> <div class="media four-wide"> <a href="/videos/ux-metrics-are-like-beans/" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/UX_Metrics_Are_Like_Beans_Thumbnail-02.png.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.png" srcset="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/UX_Metrics_Are_Like_Beans_Thumbnail-02.png.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.png, https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/UX_Metrics_Are_Like_Beans_Thumbnail-02.png.1300x728_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.png 2x" alt=""> <div class="overlay"> <span class="color icon fab fa-youtube"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item video"> <div class="video teaser"> <div class="fixed twelve column grid"> <div class="content eight-wide m-twelve-wide"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/videos/upfront-vs-continuous-discovery/">Upfront vs. Continuous Discovery</a></h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">November 18, 2024</span><span class="mobile only">Nov 18, 2024</span> | 3 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span> video</time> <p> <span class="media"> <a href="/videos/upfront-vs-continuous-discovery/"> <img loading="lazy" src="" srcset="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Up_Front_Discovery_and_Continuous_Discovery_Thumbnail.jpg.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg, https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Up_Front_Discovery_and_Continuous_Discovery_Thumbnail.jpg.1300x728_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg 2x" alt=""> <span class="overlay"> <span class="color icon fab fa-youtube"></span> </span> </a> </span> Upfront and continuous discovery are two approaches to implementing discovery in product development. Both approaches help teams solve real problems. </p> </div> <div class="media four-wide"> <a href="/videos/upfront-vs-continuous-discovery/" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Up_Front_Discovery_and_Continuous_Discovery_Thumbnail.jpg.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg" srcset="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Up_Front_Discovery_and_Continuous_Discovery_Thumbnail.jpg.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg, https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Up_Front_Discovery_and_Continuous_Discovery_Thumbnail.jpg.1300x728_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg 2x" alt=""> <div class="overlay"> <span class="color icon fab fa-youtube"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item video"> <div class="video teaser"> <div class="fixed twelve column grid"> <div class="content eight-wide m-twelve-wide"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/videos/cookie-permissions-user-types/">Cookie Permissions: 5 Common User Types</a></h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">November 13, 2024</span><span class="mobile only">Nov 13, 2024</span> | 3 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span> video</time> <p> <span class="media"> <a href="/videos/cookie-permissions-user-types/"> <img loading="lazy" src="" srcset="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Cookie_Permissions-_5_Common_User_Types_Thumbnail.jpg.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg, https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Cookie_Permissions-_5_Common_User_Types_Thumbnail.jpg.1300x728_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg 2x" alt=""> <span class="overlay"> <span class="color icon fab fa-youtube"></span> </span> </a> </span> Users’ willingness to share data and their interactions with cookie permission box options vary quite drastically, falling into these five common user types: The Denier, The Skeptic, The Tech-Savvy, The Impatient, and The Enthusiast. </p> </div> <div class="media four-wide"> <a href="/videos/cookie-permissions-user-types/" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Cookie_Permissions-_5_Common_User_Types_Thumbnail.jpg.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg" srcset="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Cookie_Permissions-_5_Common_User_Types_Thumbnail.jpg.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg, https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Cookie_Permissions-_5_Common_User_Types_Thumbnail.jpg.1300x728_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg 2x" alt=""> <div class="overlay"> <span class="color icon fab fa-youtube"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item video"> <div class="video teaser"> <div class="fixed twelve column grid"> <div class="content eight-wide m-twelve-wide"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/videos/ux-goals-vs-okrs-kpis/">UX Goals vs. OKRs vs. KPIs</a></h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">November 11, 2024</span><span class="mobile only">Nov 11, 2024</span> | 2 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span> video</time> <p> <span class="media"> <a href="/videos/ux-goals-vs-okrs-kpis/"> <img loading="lazy" src="" srcset="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/UX_Goals_OKRs_KPIs_Thumbnail.jpg.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg, https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/UX_Goals_OKRs_KPIs_Thumbnail.jpg.1300x728_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg 2x" alt=""> <span class="overlay"> <span class="color icon fab fa-youtube"></span> </span> </a> </span> Learn what UX Goals, OKRs, and KPIs are and how to use them as a framework to measure the success and progress of UX work. </p> </div> <div class="media four-wide"> <a href="/videos/ux-goals-vs-okrs-kpis/" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/UX_Goals_OKRs_KPIs_Thumbnail.jpg.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg" srcset="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/UX_Goals_OKRs_KPIs_Thumbnail.jpg.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg, https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/UX_Goals_OKRs_KPIs_Thumbnail.jpg.1300x728_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg 2x" alt=""> <div class="overlay"> <span class="color icon fab fa-youtube"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item video"> <div class="video teaser"> <div class="fixed twelve column grid"> <div class="content eight-wide m-twelve-wide"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/videos/surveys-in-the-design-process/">Types of Surveys to Run Throughout the Design Process</a></h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">November 6, 2024</span><span class="mobile only">Nov 6, 2024</span> | 4 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span> video</time> <p> <span class="media"> <a href="/videos/surveys-in-the-design-process/"> <img loading="lazy" src="" srcset="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Types_of_UX_Surveys_Thumbnail.jpg.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg, https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Types_of_UX_Surveys_Thumbnail.jpg.1300x728_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg 2x" alt=""> <span class="overlay"> <span class="color icon fab fa-youtube"></span> </span> </a> </span> There are lots of types of UX surveys. Which one to use depends on your research goal and where you are in the design process. </p> </div> <div class="media four-wide"> <a href="/videos/surveys-in-the-design-process/" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Types_of_UX_Surveys_Thumbnail.jpg.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg" srcset="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Types_of_UX_Surveys_Thumbnail.jpg.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg, https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Types_of_UX_Surveys_Thumbnail.jpg.1300x728_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg 2x" alt=""> <div class="overlay"> <span class="color icon fab fa-youtube"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item video"> <div class="video teaser"> <div class="fixed twelve column grid"> <div class="content eight-wide m-twelve-wide"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/videos/ux-in-sprint-reviews/">Should UX Be in Sprint Reviews?</a></h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">November 4, 2024</span><span class="mobile only">Nov 4, 2024</span> | 3 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span> video</time> <p> <span class="media"> <a href="/videos/ux-in-sprint-reviews/"> <img loading="lazy" src="" srcset="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Should_UX_Be_in_Sprint_Reviews_Thumbnail.jpg.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg, https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Should_UX_Be_in_Sprint_Reviews_Thumbnail.jpg.1300x728_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg 2x" alt=""> <span class="overlay"> <span class="color icon fab fa-youtube"></span> </span> </a> </span> UX should be included in an Agile scrum team’s Sprint Review to share knowledge that can improve product strategy, answer tricky stakeholder questions, and increase visibility for UX work. </p> </div> <div class="media four-wide"> <a href="/videos/ux-in-sprint-reviews/" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Should_UX_Be_in_Sprint_Reviews_Thumbnail.jpg.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg" srcset="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Should_UX_Be_in_Sprint_Reviews_Thumbnail.jpg.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg, https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/Should_UX_Be_in_Sprint_Reviews_Thumbnail.jpg.1300x728_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg 2x" alt=""> <div class="overlay"> <span class="color icon fab fa-youtube"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item video"> <div class="video teaser"> <div class="fixed twelve column grid"> <div class="content eight-wide m-twelve-wide"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/videos/conduct-competitive-usability-evaluation/">How to Conduct a Competitive Usability Evaluation</a></h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">October 30, 2024</span><span class="mobile only">Oct 30, 2024</span> | 4 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span> video</time> <p> <span class="media"> <a href="/videos/conduct-competitive-usability-evaluation/"> <img loading="lazy" src="" srcset="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/How_to_conduct_a_competitive_usability_evaluation_Thumbnail.jpg.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg, https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/How_to_conduct_a_competitive_usability_evaluation_Thumbnail.jpg.1300x728_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg 2x" alt=""> <span class="overlay"> <span class="color icon fab fa-youtube"></span> </span> </a> </span> Competitive usability evaluations help you understand how your competitors solve certain design problems and how you might outperform them. These evaluations are often performed at the beginning of design projects to shift their direction toward areas of opportunity. </p> </div> <div class="media four-wide"> <a href="/videos/conduct-competitive-usability-evaluation/" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/How_to_conduct_a_competitive_usability_evaluation_Thumbnail.jpg.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg" srcset="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/How_to_conduct_a_competitive_usability_evaluation_Thumbnail.jpg.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg, https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/How_to_conduct_a_competitive_usability_evaluation_Thumbnail.jpg.1300x728_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg 2x" alt=""> <div class="overlay"> <span class="color icon fab fa-youtube"></span> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="publication-list-item video"> <div class="video teaser"> <div class="fixed twelve column grid"> <div class="content eight-wide m-twelve-wide"> <h2 class="title"><a href="/videos/ux-roadmap-tool-tradeoffs/">UX Roadmap Tool Tradeoffs</a></h2> <time><span class="small large desktop only">October 28, 2024</span><span class="mobile only">Oct 28, 2024</span> | 5 <span class="small large desktop only">minute</span><span class="mobile only">min</span> video</time> <p> <span class="media"> <a href="/videos/ux-roadmap-tool-tradeoffs/"> <img loading="lazy" src="" srcset="https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/What_does_a_UX_Roadmap_look_like_Thumbnail.jpg.650x364_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg, https://media.nngroup.com/media/videos/thumbnails/What_does_a_UX_Roadmap_look_like_Thumbnail.jpg.1300x728_q75_autocrop_crop-smart_upscale.jpg 2x" alt=""> <span class="overlay"> <span class="color icon fab fa-youtube"></span> </span> </a> </span> Find the right UX roadmap tool: PowerPoint, spreadsheets, whiteboards, or project management tools. 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