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autoimmune</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: autoimmune"> <meta name="keywords" content="autoimmune"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="autoimmune"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 128</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: autoimmune</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> Autoimmune Diseases Associated to Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Retrospective Study of 24 Tunisian Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soumaya%20Mrabet">Soumaya Mrabet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imen%20Akkari"> Imen Akkari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20Atig"> Amira Atig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elhem%20Ben%20Jazia"> Elhem Ben Jazia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease of unknown cause. Concomitant autoimmune disorders have been described in 30–50% of patients with AIH. The aim of our study is to determine the prevalence and the type of autoimmune disorders associated with AIH. Material and Methods: It is a retrospective study over a period of 16 years (2000-2015) including all patients followed for AIH. The diagnosis of AHI was based on the criteria of the revised International AIH group scoring system (IAIHG). Results: Twenty-for patients (21 women and 3 men) followed for AIH were collected. The mean age was 39 years (17-65 years). Among these patients, 11 patients(45.8%) had at least one autoimmune disease associated to AIH. These diseases were Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n = 5), Gougerot Sjogren syndrome (n=5), Primary biliary cirrhosis (n=2), Primitive sclerosant Cholangitis (n=1), Addison disease (n = 1) and systemic sclerosis (n=1). Patients were treated with corticosteroids alone or with azathioprine associated to the specific treatment of associated diseases with complete remission of AIH in 90% of cases and clinical improvement of other diseases. Conclusion: In our study, the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in AIH patients was 45.8%. These diseases were dominated by autoimmune thyroiditis and Gougerot Sjogren syndrome. The investigation of autoimmune diseases in autoimmune hepatitis must be systematic because of their frequency and the importance of adequate management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmune%20diseases" title="autoimmune diseases">autoimmune diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmune%20hepatitis" title=" autoimmune hepatitis"> autoimmune hepatitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmune%20thyroiditis" title=" autoimmune thyroiditis"> autoimmune thyroiditis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gougerot%20sjogren%20syndrome" title=" gougerot sjogren syndrome"> gougerot sjogren syndrome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66018/autoimmune-diseases-associated-to-autoimmune-hepatitis-a-retrospective-study-of-24-tunisian-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> Computational Approach to the Interaction of Neurotoxins and Kv1.3 Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janneth%20Gonz%C3%A1lez">Janneth González</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=George%20Barreto"> George Barreto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ludis%20Morales"> Ludis Morales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ang%C3%A9lica%20Sabogal"> Angélica Sabogal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sea anemone neurotoxins are peptides that interact with Na+ and K+ channels, resulting in specific alterations on their functions. Some of these neurotoxins (1ROO, 1BGK, 2K9E, 1BEI) are important for the treatment of nearly eighty autoimmune disorders due to their specificity for Kv1.3 channel. The aim of this study was to identify the common residues among these neurotoxins by computational methods, and establish whether there is a pattern useful for the future generation of a treatment for autoimmune diseases. Our results showed eight new key common residues between the studied neurotoxins interacting with a histidine ring and the selectivity filter of the receptor, thus showing a possible pattern of interaction. This knowledge may serve as an input for the design of more promising drugs for autoimmune treatments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurotoxins" title="neurotoxins">neurotoxins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium%20channel" title=" potassium channel"> potassium channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kv1.3" title=" Kv1.3"> Kv1.3</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20methods" title=" computational methods"> computational methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmune%20diseases" title=" autoimmune diseases"> autoimmune diseases</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8452/computational-approach-to-the-interaction-of-neurotoxins-and-kv13-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Autoimmune Diseases Associated with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: A Retrospective Study of 51 Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soumaya%20Mrabet">Soumaya Mrabet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imen%20Akkari"> Imen Akkari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20Atig"> Amira Atig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elhem%20Ben%20Jazia"> Elhem Ben Jazia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a cholestatic cholangitis of unknown etiology. It is frequently associated with autoimmune diseases, which explains their systematic screening. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence and the type of autoimmune disorders associated with PBC and to assess their impact on the prognosis of the disease. Material and methods: It is a retrospective study over a period of 16 years (2000-2015) including all patients followed for PBC. In all these patients we have systematically researched: dysthyroidism (thyroid balance, antithyroid autoantibodies), type 1 diabetes, dry syndrome (ophthalmologic examination, Schirmer test and lip biopsy in case of Presence of suggestive clinical signs), celiac disease(celiac disease serology and duodenal biopsies) and dermatological involvement (clinical examination). Results: Fifty-one patients (50 women and one men) followed for PBC were collected. The Mean age was 54 years (37-77 years). Among these patients, 30 patients(58.8%) had at least one autoimmune disease associated with PBC. The discovery of these autoimmune diseases preceded the diagnosis of PBC in 8 cases (26.6%) and was concomitant, through systematic screening, in the remaining cases. Autoimmune hepatitis was found in 12 patients (40%), defining thus an overlap syndrome. Other diseases were Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n = 10), dry syndrome (n = 7), Gougerot Sjogren syndrome (n=6), celiac disease (n = 3), insulin-dependent diabetes (n = 1), scleroderma (n = 1), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 1), Biermer Anemia (n=1) and Systemic erythematosus lupus (n=1). The two groups of patients with PBC with or without associated autoimmune disorders were comparable for bilirubin levels, Child-Pugh score, and response to treatment. Conclusion: In our series, the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in PBC was 58.8%. These diseases were dominated by autoimmune hepatitis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Even if their association does not seem to alter the prognosis, screening should be systematic in order to institute an early and adequate management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmune%20diseases" title="autoimmune diseases">autoimmune diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmune%20hepatitis" title=" autoimmune hepatitis"> autoimmune hepatitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20biliary%20cirrhosis" title=" primary biliary cirrhosis"> primary biliary cirrhosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prognosis" title=" prognosis"> prognosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66030/autoimmune-diseases-associated-with-primary-biliary-cirrhosis-a-retrospective-study-of-51-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> Autoimmune Diseases Associated with Celiac Disease in Adults</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soumaya%20Mrabet">Soumaya Mrabet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taieb%20Ach"> Taieb Ach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imen%20Akkari"> Imen Akkari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amira%20Atig"> Amira Atig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neirouz%20Ghannouchi"> Neirouz Ghannouchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Koussay%20Ach"> Koussay Ach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elhem%20Ben%20Jazia"> Elhem Ben Jazia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated small intestinal disorder that occurs in genetically susceptible people. It is significantly associated with other autoimmune disorders represented mainly by type 1 diabetes and autoimmune dysthyroidism. The aim of our study is to determine the prevalence and the type of the various autoimmune diseases associated with CD in adult patients. Material and methods: This is a retrospective study including patients diagnosed with CD, explored in Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Endocrinology and Diabetology Departments of the Farhat Hached University Hospital, between January 2005 and January 2016. The diagnosis of CD was confirmed by serological tests and duodenal biopsy. The screening of autoimmune diseases was based on physical examination, biological and serological tests. Results: Sixty five patients with a female predominance were included, 48women (73.8%) and 17 men (26.2%). The mean age was 31.8 years (17-75). A family history of CD or other autoimmune diseases was present in 5 and 10 patients respectively. Clinical presentation of CD was made by recurrent abdominal pain in 49 cases, diarrhea in 29 cases, bloating in 17 cases, constipation in 25 cases and vomiting in 8 cases. Autoimmune diseases associated with CD were found in 30 cases (46.1%): type 1 diabetes in 15 patients attested by the positivity of anti-GAD antibodies in 11 cases and anti-IA2 in 4 cases, Hashimoto thyroiditis in 8 cases confirmed by the positivity of anti-TPO antibodies, Addison's disease in 2 patients, Anemia of Biermer in 2 patients, autoimmune hepatitis, Systemic erythematosus lupus, Gougerot Sjögren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, Vitiligo and antiphospholipid syndrome in one patient each. CD was associated with more than one autoimmune disease defining multiple autoimmune syndrome in 2 female patients. The first patient had Basedow disease, Addison disease and type 1 diabetes. The second patient had systemic erythematosus lupus and Gougerot Sjögren syndrome. Conclusion: In our study autoimmune diseases were associated with CD in 46.1% of cases and were dominated by diabetes and dysthroidism. After establishing the diagnosis of CD the search of associated autoimmune diseases is necessary in order to avoid any therapeutic delay which can alter the prognosis of the patient. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=association" title="association">association</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmune%20thyroiditis" title=" autoimmune thyroiditis"> autoimmune thyroiditis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=celiac%20disease" title=" celiac disease"> celiac disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title=" diabetes"> diabetes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66034/autoimmune-diseases-associated-with-celiac-disease-in-adults" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> Prevalence of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arghavan%20Tonkaboni">Arghavan Tonkaboni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shamsolmolouk%20Najafi"> Shamsolmolouk Najafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohmmad%20Taghi%20Kiani"> Mohmmad Taghi Kiani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehrzad%20Gholampour"> Mehrzad Gholampour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Touraj%20Goli"> Touraj Goli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a multifactorial recurrent oral lesion; which is an autoimmune disease. TH1 cytokines are the most important etiological factors. Autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases and generally coexists with other autoimmune diseases. This study assessed the prevalence of thyroid disease in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Materials and Methods: This case control study assessed 100 known RAS patients who were diagnosed clinically by oral medicine specialists; venous blood samples were analyzed for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), total thyroxine (fT4), thyroglobulin, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-TG) levels. Results: Fifty patients with RAS aged between 18-42 years (28.5±5.8) and 50 healthy volunteers aged 19-45 years (27.3±5.4) participated. In RAS patients, fT3 and TSH levels were significantly higher (P=0.031, P=0.706); however, fT4 level was lower in the RAS group (P=0.447). Anti TG and anti-TPO levels were significantly higher in the RAS group (P=0.008, P=0.067). Conclusion: Our study showed that ATD prevalence was significantly higher in RAS patients. Based on this study, we recommend assessment of thyroid hormones and antibodies in RAS patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recurrent%20aphthous%20stomatitis" title="recurrent aphthous stomatitis">recurrent aphthous stomatitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thyroid%20antibodies" title=" thyroid antibodies"> thyroid antibodies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thyroid%20hormone" title=" thyroid hormone"> thyroid hormone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thyroid%20autoimmune%20disease" title=" thyroid autoimmune disease"> thyroid autoimmune disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41767/prevalence-of-autoimmune-thyroid-disease-in-recurrent-aphthous-stomatitis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> Management of Autoimmune Diseases with Ayurveda</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simmi%20Chopra">Simmi Chopra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last few years, there has been a surge of Autoimmune diseases that have become more like an epidemic all over the world. The reasons vary from stress, insufficient sleep, smoking, genetics, environmental pollution, adulterated foods, and a diet full of “the deadly white,” which is white sugar and white flour. Most of the people diagnosed with these diseases are given steroids, opioids, supplements, or elimination diets to manage their lives, but most of them continue suffering to varying degrees. On the other hand, Ayurveda can help manage autoimmune problems effectively. Ayurveda is a 5000 years old holistic medical system from India that has an individualistic approach where health problems are looked at from the lens of balancing body and mind and by targeting the root cause of the problem. A combination of diet and lifestyle according to Ayurvedic principles, Ayurvedic herbal formulations and Ayurvedic therapies can help in the management of autoimmune and other chronic diseases. Panchkarma, which is an intense six weeks detox method, helps balance our body and mind, and has been very effective in managing autoimmune problems. The paper will introduce the basic concepts of Ayurveda and describe the terminologies- doshas, agni and ama. The paper will discuss the importance of diet and lifestyle according to the individual’s imbalance in the three functional parameters - doshas, which govern every aspect of our body and mind, our cells and tissues. The significance of agni, which can be correlated to digestive strength and ama, which can be correlated to toxins that are formed in our body leading to health problems, will be outlined. The Ayurvedic pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases will be discussed with emphasis on Rheumatoid arthritis, Multiple sclerosis and Psoriasis. Ayurvedic management will be discussed for these autoimmune conditions. As Ayurveda is an individualistic system, one protocol will not work for everyone. Therefore, case studies with Ayurvedic protocols for the above autoimmune disease will be presented. Conclusion: Ayurveda can help in managing as well as arresting the progression of autoimmune problems. Ayurveda is an ancient medical system, is much more needed today than ever. It is a tried and tested holistic system which has been practiced for the past many generations in India. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ayurveda" title="ayurveda">ayurveda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmune" title=" autoimmune"> autoimmune</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diseases" title=" diseases"> diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition" title=" nutrition"> nutrition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169256/management-of-autoimmune-diseases-with-ayurveda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> Subjective Well-Being in Individuals Diagnosed with an Autoimmune Disease: Resilience, and Rumination as Moderating Factors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Renae%20McNair">Renae McNair</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Subjective well-being levels were assessed in individuals diagnosed with an autoimmune disease. The current exploratory analysis sought to examine two factors that impact subjective well-being in individuals diagnosed with a chronic health condition. The two factors, resilience, and rumination, were assessed as possible moderators in self-reported levels of subjective well-being were measured. The importance of understanding the psychological state of perceived well-being in an individual diagnosed with an autoimmune disease is important given the impact of the level of subjective well-being on life longevity. In previous research, higher levels of subjective well-being are correlated with longer life longevity, including those individuals who have been diagnosed with an autoimmune disease. Conversely, individuals who report higher levels of negative affect have a shorter length of life longevity. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) and a report from the National Health Council, currently, 8-10% of individuals in the United States have been diagnosed with at least one autoimmune disease. Although treatment plans are in place to help manage the physical effects of disease, the psychological state of the person impacts life longevity. Resilience and rumination impact subjective well-being as an outcome in individuals diagnosed with an autoimmune disease. Resilience is the ability to adjust or adapt effectively and positively to unfavorable life conditions or events. Resilience acts as a protective factor in life, allowing those who face adversity to successfully adapt, regardless of the health diagnosis. Rumination is the worry or dwelling on the negative aspects of a given situation. Rumination interrupts the adaptive response, leading to a decrease in well-being. The relationship between resilience and subjective well-being were examined correlated with higher levels of resilience and higher levels of self-reported subjective well-being. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subjective%20well-being" title="subjective well-being">subjective well-being</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rumination" title=" rumination"> rumination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilience" title=" resilience"> resilience</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmune%20disease" title=" autoimmune disease"> autoimmune disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63554/subjective-well-being-in-individuals-diagnosed-with-an-autoimmune-disease-resilience-and-rumination-as-moderating-factors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> Human Microbiome Hidden Association with Chronic and Autoimmune Diseases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmira%20Davasaz%20Tabrizi">Elmira Davasaz Tabrizi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mu%CC%88s%CC%A7teba%20Sevil"> Müşteba Sevil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ercan%20Arican"> Ercan Arican</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent decades, there has been a sharp increase in the prevalence of several unrelated chronic diseases. The use of long-term antibiotics for chronic illnesses is increasing. The antibiotic resistance occurrence and its relationship with host microbiomes are still unclear. Properties of the identifying antibodies have been the focus of chronic disease research, such as prostatitis or autoimmune. The immune system is made up of a complicated but well-organized network of cell types that constantly monitor and maintain their surroundings. The regulated homeostatic interaction between immune system cells and their surrounding environment shapes the microbial flora. Researchers believe that the disappearance of special bacterial species from our ancestral microbiota might have altered the body flora that can cause a rise in disease during the human life span. This unpleasant pattern demonstrates the importance of focusing on discovering and revealing the root causes behind the disappearance or alteration of our microbiota. In this review, we gathered the results of some studies that reveal changes in the diversity and quantity of microorganisms that may affect chronic and autoimmune diseases. Additionally, a Ph.D. thesis that is still in process as Metagenomic studies in chronic prostatitis samples is mentioned. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metagenomic" title="metagenomic">metagenomic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmune" title=" autoimmune"> autoimmune</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prostatitis" title=" prostatitis"> prostatitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbiome" title=" microbiome"> microbiome</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159476/human-microbiome-hidden-association-with-chronic-and-autoimmune-diseases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159476.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> A C/T Polymorphism at the 5’ Untranslated Region of CD40 Gene in Patients Associated with Graves’ Disease in Kumaon Region</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjeev%20Kumar%20Shukla">Sanjeev Kumar Shukla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Govind%20Singh"> Govind Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prabhat%20Pant%20%20%20%20%20%20Shahzad%20Ahmad"> Prabhat Pant Shahzad Ahmad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder with a genetic predisposition, and CD40 plays a pathogenic role in various autoimmune diseases. A single nucleotide polymorphism at position –1 of the Kozak sequence of the 5 untranslated regions of the CD40 gene of exon 1 has been reported to be associated with the development of Graves’ Disease. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether CD40 gene polymorphism confers susceptibility to Graves’ disease in the Kumaon region. CD40 gene polymorphisms were studied in Graves’ Disease patients (n=50) and healthy control subjects without anti-thyroid autoantibodies or a family history of autoimmune disorders (n=50). Material and Method: CD40 gene polymorphisms were studied in fifty Graves’ Disease patients and fifty healthy control subjects. All samples were collected from STG Hospital, Haldwani, Nainital. A C/T polymorphism at position –1 of the CD40 gene was measured using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: There was no significant difference in allele or genotype frequency of the CD40 SNP between Graves’ Disease and control subjects. There was a significant decrease in the TT genotype frequency in the Graves’ Disease patients who developed Graves’ Disease after 40 years old than those under 40 years of age. These data suggest that the SNP of the CD40 gene is associated with susceptibility to the later onset of Graves’ Disease. Conclusion: The CD40 gene was a different susceptibility gene for Graves’ Disease within certain families because it was both linked and associated with Graves’ Disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmune%20%20%20diseases" title="autoimmune diseases">autoimmune diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenesis" title=" pathogenesis"> pathogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diagnosis" title=" diagnosis"> diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=therapy" title=" therapy"> therapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185356/a-ct-polymorphism-at-the-5-untranslated-region-of-cd40-gene-in-patients-associated-with-graves-disease-in-kumaon-region" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">51</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Comparative Evaluation of Seropositivity and Patterns Distribution Rates of the Anti-Nuclear Antibodies in the Diagnosis of Four Different Autoimmune Collagen Tissue Diseases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Recep%20Kesli">Recep Kesli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onur%20Turkyilmaz"> Onur Turkyilmaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cengiz%20Demir"> Cengiz Demir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: Autoimmune collagen diseases occur with the immune reactions against the body’s own cell or tissues which cause inflammation and damage the tissues and organs. In this study, it was aimed to compare seropositivity rates and patterns of the anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) in the diagnosis of four different autoimmune collagen tissue diseases (Rheumatoid Arthritis-RA, Systemic Lupus Erythematous-SLE, Scleroderma-SSc and Sjogren Syndrome-SS) with each other. Methods: One hundred eighty-eight patients applied to different clinics in Afyon Kocatepe University ANS Practice and Research Hospital between 11.07.2014 and 14.07.2015 that thought the different collagen disease such as RA, SLE, SSc and SS have participated in the study retrospectively. All the data obtained from the patients participated in the study were evaluated according to the included criteria. The historical archives belonging to the patients have been screened, assessed in terms of ANA positivity. The obtained data was analysed by using the descriptive statistics; chi-squared, Fischer's exact test. The evaluations were performed by SPSS 20.0 version and p < 0.05 level was considered as significant. Results: Distribution rates of the totally one hundred eighty-eight patients according to the diagnosis were found as follows: 82 (43.6%) were RA, 38 (20.2%) were SLE, 22 (11.7%) were SSc, and 46 (24.5%) were SS. Distribution of ANA positivity rates according to the collagen tissue diseases were found as follows; for RA were 54 (65,9 %), for SLE were 36 (94,7 %), for SSc were 18 (81,8 %), and for SS were 43 (93,5 %). Rheumatoid arthritis should be evaluated and classified as a different class among all the other investigated three autoimmune illnesses. ANA positivity rates were found as differently higher (91.5 %) in the SLE, SSc, and SS, from the RA (65.9 %). Differences at ANA positivity rates for RA and the other three diseases were found as statistically significant (p=0.015). Conclusions: Systemic autoimmune illnesses show broad spectrum. ANA positivity was found as an important predictor marker in the diagnosis of the rheumatologic illnesses. ANA positivity should be evaluated as more valuable and sensitive a predictor diagnostic marker in the laboratory findings of the SLE, SSc, and SS according to RA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antinuclear%20antibody%20%28ANA%29" title="antinuclear antibody (ANA)">antinuclear antibody (ANA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheumatoid%20arthritis" title=" rheumatoid arthritis"> rheumatoid arthritis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scleroderma" title=" scleroderma"> scleroderma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sjogren%20syndrome" title=" Sjogren syndrome"> Sjogren syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systemic%20lupus%20Erythemotosus" title=" systemic lupus Erythemotosus"> systemic lupus Erythemotosus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71752/comparative-evaluation-of-seropositivity-and-patterns-distribution-rates-of-the-anti-nuclear-antibodies-in-the-diagnosis-of-four-different-autoimmune-collagen-tissue-diseases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> THRAP2 Gene Identified as a Candidate Susceptibility Gene of Thyroid Autoimmune Diseases Pedigree in Tunisian Population</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghazi%20Chabchoub">Ghazi Chabchoub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mouna%20Feki"> Mouna Feki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Abid"> Mohamed Abid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammadi%20Ayadi"> Hammadi Ayadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), including Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), are inherited as complex traits. Genetic factors associated with AITDs have been tentatively identified by candidate gene and genome scanning approaches. We analysed three intragenic microsatellite markers in the thyroid hormone receptor associated protein 2 gene (THRAP2), mapped near D12S79 marker, which have a potential role in immune function and inflammation [THRAP2-1(TG)n, THRAP2-2 (AC)n and THRAP2-3 (AC)n]. Our study population concerned 12 patients affected with AITDs belonging to a multiplex Tunisian family with high prevalence of AITDs. Fluorescent genotyping was carried out on ABI 3100 sequencers (Applied Biosystems USA) with the use of GENESCAN for semi-automated fragment sizing and GENOTYPER peak-calling software. Statistical analysis was performed using the non parametric Lod score (NPL) by Merlin software. Merlin outputs non-parametric NPLall (Z) and LOD scores and their corresponding asymptotic P values. The analysis for three intragenic markers in the THRAP2 gene revealed strong evidence for linkage (NPL=3.68, P=0.00012). Our results suggested the possible role of THRAP2 gene in AITDs susceptibility in this family. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmunity" title="autoimmunity">autoimmunity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmune%20disease" title=" autoimmune disease"> autoimmune disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic" title=" genetic"> genetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linkage%20analysis" title=" linkage analysis"> linkage analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113119/thrap2-gene-identified-as-a-candidate-susceptibility-gene-of-thyroid-autoimmune-diseases-pedigree-in-tunisian-population" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> TNF-Kinoid® in Autoimmune Diseases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahia%20Massinissa">Yahia Massinissa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melakhessou%20Med%20Akram"> Melakhessou Med Akram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mezahdia%20Mehdi"> Mezahdia Mehdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marref%20Salah%20Eddine"> Marref Salah Eddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cytokines are natural proteins which act as true intercellular communication signals in immune and inflammatory responses. Reverse signaling pathways that activate cytokines help to regulate different functions at the target cell, causing its activation, its proliferation, the differentiation, its survival or death. It was shown that malfunctioning of the cytokine regulation, particularly over-expression, contributes to the onset and development of certain serious diseases such as chronic rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, lupus. The action mode of Kinoid® technology is based on the principle vaccine: The patient's immune system is activated so that it neutralizes itself and the factor responsible for the disease. When applied specifically to autoimmune diseases, therapeutic vaccination allows the body to neutralize cytokines (proteins) overproduced through a highly targeted stimulation of the immune system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytokines" title="cytokines">cytokines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kinoid%20tech" title=" Kinoid tech"> Kinoid tech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto-immune%20diseases" title=" auto-immune diseases"> auto-immune diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination" title=" vaccination"> vaccination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7515/tnf-kinoid-in-autoimmune-diseases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> A Decrease in the Anxiety Levels of Participants with Autoimmune Disease: Efficacy of a Community-Based Educational Program </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jennifer%20Hunter">Jennifer Hunter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francisco%20Ramirez"> Francisco Ramirez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neil%20A.%20Nedley"> Neil A. Nedley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thania%20Solorio"> Thania Solorio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Freed"> Christian Freed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erica%20%20Kinjo"> Erica Kinjo </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> People who have autoimmune disease are often at an increased risk for psychological disorders such as anxiety. Untreated psychological conditions can affect the development of disease and can affect one’s general quality of life. In this study, it was hypothesized that an educational community-based intervention would be useful in decreasing the anxiety levels of participants with autoimmune disease. Programs, 2-hours long each, were held weekly over a period of eight weeks. During every meeting, a 45-minute DVD presentation by a skilled physician was shown, a small group discussion was guided by trained facilitators, and weekly practical assignments were given to each participant. The focus of the program was to educate participants about healthy lifestyle behaviors such as exercise, nutrition, sleep hygiene, helpful thought patterns etc., and to provide a group environment in which each participant was supported. Participants were assessed pre-post program for anxiety using the Depression and Anxiety Assessment Test (registration TX 7-398-022), a validated mental health test based on DSM-5 criteria and demographics. Anxiety scores were classified according to the DSM-5 criteria into 4 categories: none (0-6), mild (7-10), moderate (11-19) or severe (20 or more). Out of the participants who participated in programs conducted in the manner explained above (n=431), the average age was 54.9 (SD 16.6) and 81.9% were female. At baseline, the mean group anxiety level was 9.4 (SD 5.4). Within the baseline group, anxiety levels were as follows: none (21.1%), mild (22.0%), moderate (27.1%) and severe (29.7%). After the program, mean group anxiety decreased to 4.7 (SD 4.0). Post-program anxiety levels were as follows: none (54.8%), mild (27.1%), moderate (12.5%), severe (5.6%). The decrease in overall anxiety levels was significant t(431)=19.3 p<.001, 95% CI [0.815, 1.041]. It was concluded that the eight-week intensive was beneficial in decreasing the anxiety levels of participants. A long-term follow-up study would be beneficial in determining how lasting such improvements are especially since autoimmune diseases are often chronic. Additionally, future studies that utilize a control group would aid in establishing whether the improvements seen are due to the use of this specific lifestyle-educational program. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anxiety" title="anxiety">anxiety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=auto-immune%20disease" title=" auto-immune disease"> auto-immune disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community-based%20educational%20program" title=" community-based educational program"> community-based educational program</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifestyle" title=" lifestyle "> lifestyle </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124091/a-decrease-in-the-anxiety-levels-of-participants-with-autoimmune-disease-efficacy-of-a-community-based-educational-program" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/124091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">117</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Association of Human Immunodeficiency Virus with Incident Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yung-Feng%20Yen">Yung-Feng Yen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I-an%20Jen"> I-an Jen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Ming%20Arthur%20Chen"> Yi-Ming Arthur Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The molecular mimicry between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protein and red blood cell (RBC) antigens could induce the production of anti-RBC autoantibodies. However, the association between HIV infection and subsequent development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) remains unclear. This nationwide population-based cohort study aimed to determine the association between incident AIHA and HIV in Taiwan. From 2000–2012, we identified adult people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) from the Taiwan centers for disease control HIV Surveillance System. HIV-infected individuals were defined by positive HIV-1 western blot. Age- and sex-matched controls without HIV infection were selected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database for comparison. All patients were followed until Dec. 31, 2012, and observed for occurrence of AIHA. Of 171,468 subjects (19,052 PLWHA, 152,416 controls), 30 (0.02%) had incident AIHA during a mean follow-up of 5.45 years, including 23 (0.12%) PLWHA and 7 (0.01%) controls. After adjusting for potential confounders, HIV infection was found to be an independent risk factor of incident AIHA (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 20.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8.34-52.3). Moreover, PLWHA receiving HAART were more likely to develop AIHA than those not receiving HAART (AHR, 10.8; 95% CI, 2.90-40.1). Additionally, the risk of AIHA was significantly increased in those taking efavirenz (AHR, 3.15; 95% CI, 1.18-8.43) or atazanavir (AHR, 6.58; 95% CI, 1.88-22.9) component of the HAART. In conclusion, HIV infection is an independent risk factor for incident AIHA. Clinicians need to be aware of the higher risk of AIHA in PLWHA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmune%20disease" title="autoimmune disease ">autoimmune disease </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemolytic%20anemia" title=" hemolytic anemia"> hemolytic anemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HIV" title=" HIV"> HIV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=highly%20active%20antiretroviral%20treatment" title=" highly active antiretroviral treatment"> highly active antiretroviral treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75329/association-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-with-incident-autoimmune-hemolytic-anemia-a-population-based-cohort-study-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75329.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> A Case Study Demonstrating the Benefits of Low-Carb Eating in an Adult with Latent Autoimmune Diabetes Highlights the Necessity and Effectiveness of These Dietary Therapies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jasmeet%20Kaur">Jasmeet Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anup%20Singh"> Anup Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashikant%20Iyengar"> Shashikant Iyengar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arun%20Kumar"> Arun Kumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ira%20Sahay"> Ira Sahay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is an irreversible autoimmune disease that affects insulin production. LADA is characterized by the production of Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies, which is similar to type 1 diabetes. Individuals with LADA may eventually develop overt diabetes and require insulin. In this condition, the pancreas produces little or no insulin, which is a hormone used by the body to allow glucose to enter cells and produce energy. While type 1 diabetes was traditionally associated with children and teenagers, its prevalence has increased in adults as well. LADA is frequently misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes, especially in adulthood when type 2 diabetes is more common. LADA develops in adulthood, usually after age 30. Managing LADA involves metabolic control with exogenous insulin and prolonging the life of surviving beta cells, thereby slowing the disease's progression. This case study examines the impact of approximately 3 months of low-carbohydrate dietary intervention in a 42-year-old woman with LADA who was initially misdiagnosed as having type 2 diabetes. Her c-peptide was 0.13 and her HbA1c was 9.3% when this trial began. Low-carbohydrate interventions have been shown to improve blood sugar levels, including fasting, post-meal, and random blood sugar levels, as well as haemoglobin levels, blood pressure, energy levels, sleep quality, and satiety levels. The use of low-carbohydrate dietary intervention significantly reduces both hypo- and hyperglycaemia events. During the 3 months of the study, there were 2 to 3 hyperglycaemic events owing to physical stress and a single hypoglycaemic event. Low-carbohydrate dietary therapies lessen insulin dose inaccuracy, which explains why there were fewer hyperglycaemic and hypoglycaemic events. In three months, the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level was reduced from 9.3% to 6.3%. These improvements occur without the need for caloric restriction or physical activity. Stress management was crucial aspect of the treatment plan as stress-induced neuroendocrine hormones can cause immunological dysregulation. Additionally, supplements that support immune system and reduce inflammation were used as part of the treatment during the trial. Long-term studies are needed to track disease development and corroborate the claim that such dietary treatments can prolong the honeymoon phase in LADA. Various factors can contribute to additional autoimmune attacks, so measuring c-peptide is crucial on a regular basis to determine whether insulin levels need to be adjusted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmune" title="autoimmune">autoimmune</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title=" diabetes"> diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LADA" title=" LADA"> LADA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low_carb" title=" low_carb"> low_carb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrition" title=" nutrition"> nutrition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185762/a-case-study-demonstrating-the-benefits-of-low-carb-eating-in-an-adult-with-latent-autoimmune-diabetes-highlights-the-necessity-and-effectiveness-of-these-dietary-therapies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185762.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">39</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> ANA Negative but FANA Positive Patients with Clinical Symptoms of Rheumatic Disease: The Suggestion for Clinicians</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolreza%20Esmaeilzadeh">Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehri%20Mirzaei"> Mehri Mirzaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: Rheumatic disease is a chronic disease that causes pain, stiffness, swelling and limited motion and function of many joints. RA is the most common form of autoimmune arthritis, affecting more than 1.3 million Americans. Of these, about 75% are women. Materials and Methods: This study was formed due to the misconception about ANA test, which is frequently performed with methods based upon solid phase as ELISA. This experiment was conducted on 430 patients, with clinical symptoms that are likely affected with rheumatic diseases, simultaneously by means of ANA and FANA. Results: 36 cases (8.37%) of patients, despite positive ANA, have demonstrated negative results via Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IIFA), (false positive). 116 cases (27%) have demonstrated negative ANA results, by means of the ELISA technique, although they had positive IIFA results. Conclusion: Other advantages of IIFA are antibody titration and specific pattern detection that have the capability of distinguishing positive dsDNA results. According to the restrictions and false negative cases, in patients, IIFA test is highly recommended for these disease's diagnosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmune%20disease" title="autoimmune disease">autoimmune disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IIFA" title=" IIFA"> IIFA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EIA" title=" EIA"> EIA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheumatic%20disease" title=" rheumatic disease"> rheumatic disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23763/ana-negative-but-fana-positive-patients-with-clinical-symptoms-of-rheumatic-disease-the-suggestion-for-clinicians" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23763.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> Ocular Immunology: In Face of Immune Privilege the Eye Remains Vulnerable to Autoimmune and Inflammatory-Mediated Diseases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Husham%20Bayazed">Husham Bayazed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose of Presentation: The eye is one of a few sites in the body with immune privilege (IP). However, this IP is relatively easily bypassed in the face of sufficient strong local or systemic immunological responses. As immune responses are crucial elements of the repair response, the eye has developed distinct mechanisms to deliver immune responses to injury in the avascular regions of the eye. This presentation may cover and provide an overview of the mechanisms that dictate immune cell trafficking to the local ocular microenvironment in response to different autoimmune and inflammatory-mediated diseases. Recent Findings: Literature reviews declare that immune responses and inflammation play a key role in a diverse range of eye diseases. In recent years, our understanding of ocular immune responses has widely spread in ocular surface inflammation, uveitis, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, transplantation rejection, and other ocular diseases. It is becoming increasingly clear that multiple seemingly unrelated diseases involve immune responses with common themes in their ocular pathogenesis. Recent studies are focusing on elucidating the pathogenesis of ocular inflammatory disease to identify new targets for immunotherapy that will not only improve efficacy but also minimize adverse effects from traditional therapy. Summary: While IP was believed to protect the eye from day-to-day inflammatory insults, however, it is relatively easily breached in the face of different strong local or systemic immunological and inflammatory responses. Therefore, the ocular immune response encapsulates the full range of classical and non-classical immune responses and demonstrates many features which are reflected in other tissues, but eye tissues, by modifying these responses, may reveal unexpected and novel findings which are relevant to immune responses generally. This may have therapeutic potential for new targeting immunotherapy, restoring immune tolerance in ocular autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, and preventing rejection such as stem cells, currently being considered for treatment of worldwide blinding diseases such as AMD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocular%20diseases" title="ocular diseases">ocular diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunology" title=" immunology"> immunology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immune%20privilege" title=" immune privilege"> immune privilege</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunotherapy" title=" immunotherapy"> immunotherapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159133/ocular-immunology-in-face-of-immune-privilege-the-eye-remains-vulnerable-to-autoimmune-and-inflammatory-mediated-diseases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159133.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> SLAMF5 Regulates Myeloid Cells Activation in the Eae Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Bellassen">Laura Bellassen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Idit%20Shachar"> Idit Shachar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS), leading to a wide range of physical and cognitive impairments. Myeloid cells in the CNS, such microglia and border associated macrophage cells, participate in the neuroinflammation in MS. Activation of those cells in MS contributes to the inflammatory response in the CNS and recruitment of immune cells in the this compartment. SLAMF5 is a cell surface receptor that functions as a homophilic adhesion molecule, whose signaling can activate or inhibit leukocyte function. In the current study we followed the expression and function of SLAMF5 in myeloid cells in the CNS and in the periphery in the murine model for MS, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model (EAE). Our results show that SLAMF5 deficiency or blocking decreases the expression of activation molecules and costimulatory molecules such as MHCII and CD80, resulting in delayed onset and reduced progression of the disease. Moreover, blocking SLAMF5 in peripheral monocytes derived from MS patients and iPSC-derived microglia cells, controls the expression of HLA-DR and CD80. Thus, SLAMF5 is a regulator of myeloid cells function and can serve as a therapeutic target in autoimmune disorders as Multiple Sclerosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20sclerosis" title="multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EAE%20model" title=" EAE model"> EAE model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myeloid%20cells" title=" myeloid cells"> myeloid cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20antibody" title=" new antibody"> new antibody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroimmunology" title=" neuroimmunology"> neuroimmunology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182133/slamf5-regulates-myeloid-cells-activation-in-the-eae-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182133.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">54</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">110</span> MICA-TM Peptide Selectively Binds to HLAs Associated with Behçet's Disease</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sirilak%20Kongkaew">Sirilak Kongkaew</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pathumwadee%20Yodmanee"> Pathumwadee Yodmanee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nopporn%20Kaiyawet"> Nopporn Kaiyawet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arthitaya%20Meeprasert"> Arthitaya Meeprasert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanyada%20Rungrotmongkol"> Thanyada Rungrotmongkol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Toshikatsu%20Kaburaki"> Toshikatsu Kaburaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hiroshi%20Noguchi"> Hiroshi Noguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fujio%20Takeuch"> Fujio Takeuch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nawee%20Kungwan"> Nawee Kungwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Supot%20Hannongbua"> Supot Hannongbua</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Behçet’s disease (BD) is a genetic autoimmune expressed by multisystemic inflammatory disorder mostly occurred at the skin, joints, gastrointestinal tract, and genitalia, including ocular, oral, genital, and central nervous systems. Most BD patients in Japan and Korea were strongly indicated by the genetic factor namely HLA-B*51 (especially, HLA-B*51:01) marker in HMC class I, while HLA-A*26:01 allele has been detected from the BD patients in Greek, Japan, and Taiwan. To understand the selective binding of the MICA-TM peptide towards the HLAs associated with BD, the molecular dynamics simulations were applied on the four HLA alleles (B*51:01, B*35:01, A*26:01, and A*11:01) in complex with such peptide. As a result, the key residues in the binding groove of HLA protein which play an important role in the MICA-TM peptide binding and stabilization were revealed. The Van der Waals force was found to be the main protein-protein interaction. Based on the binding free energy prediction by MM/PBSA method, the MICA-TM peptide interacted stronger to the HLA alleles associated to BD in the identical class by 7-12 kcal/mol. The obtained results from the present study could help to differentiate the HLA alleles and explain a source of Behçet’s disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beh%C3%A7et%E2%80%99s%20disease" title="Behçet’s disease">Behçet’s disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MD%20simulations" title=" MD simulations"> MD simulations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HMC%20class%20I" title=" HMC class I"> HMC class I</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmune" title=" autoimmune"> autoimmune</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18004/mica-tm-peptide-selectively-binds-to-hlas-associated-with-behcets-disease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18004.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">109</span> Assessment of Platelet and Lymphocyte Interaction in Autoimmune Hyperthyroidism</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ma%C5%82gorzata%20Tomczy%C5%84ska">Małgorzata Tomczyńska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanna%20Saluk-Bijak"> Joanna Saluk-Bijak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Graves’ disease is a frequent organ-specific autoimmune thyroid disease, which characterized by the presence of different kind autoantibodies, that, in most cases, act as agonists of the thyrotropin receptor, leading to hyperthyroidism. Role of platelets and lymphocytes can be modulated in the pathophysiology of thyroid autoimmune diseases. Interference in the physiology of platelets can lead to enhanced activity of these cells. Activated platelets can bind to circulating lymphocytes and to affect lymphocyte adhesion. Platelets and lymphocytes can regulate mutual functions. Therefore, the activation of T lymphocytes, as well as blood platelets, is associated with the development of inflammation and oxidative stress within the target tissue. The present study was performed to investigate a platelet-lymphocyte relation by assessing the degree of their mutual aggregation in whole blood of patients with Graves’ disease. Also, the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of platelet interaction on lymphocyte migration capacity. Methods: 30 patients with Graves’ disease were recruited in the study. The matched 30 healthy subjects were served as the control group. Immunophenotyping of lymphocytes was carried out by flow cytometry method. A CytoSelect™ Cell Migration Assay Kit was used to evaluate lymphocyte migration and adhesion to blood platelets. Visual assessment of lymphocyte-platelet aggregate morphology was done using confocal microscope after magnetic cell isolation by Miltenyi Biotec. Results: The migration and functional responses of lymphocytes to blood platelets were greater in the group of Graves’ disease patients compared with healthy controls. The group of Graves’ disease patients exhibited a reduced T lymphocyte and a higher B cell count compared with controls. Based on microscopic analysis, more platelet-lymphocyte aggregates were found in patients than in control. Conclusions: Studies have shown that in Graves' disease, lymphocytes show increased platelet affinity, more strongly migrating toward them, and forming mutual cellular conglomerates. This may be due to the increased activation of blood platelets in this disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20platelets" title="blood platelets">blood platelets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20migration" title=" cell migration"> cell migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graves%E2%80%99%20disease" title=" Graves’ disease"> Graves’ disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lymphocytes" title=" lymphocytes"> lymphocytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lymphocyte-platelet%20aggregates" title=" lymphocyte-platelet aggregates"> lymphocyte-platelet aggregates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78333/assessment-of-platelet-and-lymphocyte-interaction-in-autoimmune-hyperthyroidism" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">108</span> The Association of IL-17 Serum Levels with Disease Severity and Onset of Symptoms in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Keshavarz">Fatemeh Keshavarz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, often leading to joint damage and physical disability. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of serum levels of interleukin 17 and anti-CCP factor with disease severity in RA patients. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four patients with RA confirmed by clinical and laboratory criteria were recruited. A 5 ml venous blood sample was taken from every patient, its serum was separated. Based on clinical data and severity of symptoms, patients were classified into three groups of those with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms. Serum levels of IL-17 and anti-CCP in all samples were measured using ELISA. Results: Analysis of IL-17 serum levels in different groups showed that its amount was higher in the group with mild clinical symptoms than in other groups. Comparison of IL-17 serum levels between mild and moderate disease severity groups showed a statistically significant relationship. There was also a positive linear relationship between anti-CCP and serum IL-17 levels in different groups of the disease, and serum IL-17 levels were inversely related to the duration of exposure to the disease. Conclusion: Higher IL-17 serum levels in patients with mild symptom severity confirm that this highly specific marker is involved in the pathogenesis of RA and may be effective in initiating patients’ clinical symptoms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IL-17" title="IL-17">IL-17</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-CCP" title=" anti-CCP"> anti-CCP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheumatoid%20arthritis" title=" rheumatoid arthritis"> rheumatoid arthritis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmune" title=" autoimmune"> autoimmune</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147606/the-association-of-il-17-serum-levels-with-disease-severity-and-onset-of-symptoms-in-rheumatoid-arthritis-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147606.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">107</span> PD-L1 Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Arising Denovo or on Top of Autoimmune Thyroiditis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalia%20M.%20Abouelfadl">Dalia M. Abouelfadl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noha%20N.%20Yassen"> Noha N. Yassen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marwa%20E.%20Shabana"> Marwa E. Shabana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The evolution of immune therapy motivated many to study the relation between immune response and progression of cancer. Little is known about expression of PD-L1 (a newly evolving immunotherapeutic drug) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) arising de-novo and PTC arising on top of autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's (HT) and lymphocytic thyroiditis (LT)). The aim of this work is to study the alteration of expression of PD-L1 in PTCs arising from de-novo or on top of HT OR LT using immunohistochemistry and image analyser system. Method: 100 paraffin blocks for PTC cases were collected retrospectively for staining using PD-L1 rabbit monoclonal antibody (BIOCARE-ACI 3171 A, C). The antibody expression is measured digitally using Image Analyzer Leica Qwin 3000, and the membranous and cytoplasmic expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells was considered positive. The results were correlated with tumor grade, size, and LN status. Results: The study samples consisted of 41 cases of PTC arising De novo, 36 cases on top of HT, and 23 on top of LT. Expression of PD-L1 was highest among the PTC-HL group (25 case-69%) followed by PTC-TL group (14 case-60.8%) then de-novo PTC (19 case-46%) with P Value < 0.05. PD-L1 expression correlated with nodal metastasis and was not relevant to tumor size or grade. Conclusion: The severity of the immune response in tumor microenvironment directly influences PTC prognosis. The anti PD-L1 Ab can be a very successful therapeutic agent for PTC arising on top of HT. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carcinoma" title="carcinoma">carcinoma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hashimoto%27s" title=" Hashimoto's"> Hashimoto's</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lymphocytic" title=" lymphocytic"> lymphocytic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=papillary" title=" papillary"> papillary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PD-L1" title=" PD-L1"> PD-L1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thyroiditis" title=" thyroiditis"> thyroiditis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131143/pd-l1-expression-in-papillary-thyroid-carcinoma-arising-denovo-or-on-top-of-autoimmune-thyroiditis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131143.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">106</span> Rare Case of Pyoderma Gangrenosum of the Upper Limb</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karissa%20A.%20Graham">Karissa A. Graham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a prototypic autoinflammatory neutrophilic dermatosis that is a rare disorder. It presents a diagnostic challenge owing to its variable presentation, clinical overlap with other conditions, it is often associated with other systemic conditions, and there is no definitive histological or laboratory characteristic. The Delphai consensus for PG includes the presence of at least one ulcer on the anterior lower limb. Systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapies are the mainstay treatment for PG. We describe a case report of delayed diagnosis of ulcerative pyoderma gangrenosum in a 44-year-old male on his forearm. The patient presented with an infected ulcer on his right forearm that had been present for over three years. The patient was a Type 2 Diabetic with no personal or family history of inflammatory bowel disease or other autoimmune diseases. The patient was initially investigated for malignancy, but biopsies returned as chronic inflammatory tissue with neutrophilic infiltrate and no malignancy. The patient was commenced on systemic prednisone for the treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum. The diagnosis of ulcerative PG poses a challenge given the vast differential diagnosis for a cutaneous ulcer (i.e., malignant, vascular, autoimmune, trauma, infective, etc.). Diagnostic accuracy is important given that the treatment for PG with steroids does not go without risks and indeed may be contraindicated in other potential causes of the ulcer. Indeed, more common and more sinister causes of ulcers should be investigated first, as death from PG is quite rare. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dermatological%20diagnosis" title="dermatological diagnosis">dermatological diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dermatosis" title=" dermatosis"> dermatosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyoderma%20gangrenosum" title=" pyoderma gangrenosum"> pyoderma gangrenosum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare%20presentation" title=" rare presentation"> rare presentation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148767/rare-case-of-pyoderma-gangrenosum-of-the-upper-limb" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148767.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">105</span> A Comprehensive Review on Autoimmune Innate Cells in Ischemic Stroke Due to Neurocysticercosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lourdes%20De%20F%C3%A1tima%20Iba%C3%B1ez%20Vald%C3%A9s">Lourdes De Fátima Ibañez Valdés</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Humberto%20Foyaca%20Sibat"> Humberto Foyaca Sibat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Cysticercosis (Ct) is a preventable and eradicable zoonotic parasitic disease secondary to an infection caused by the larva form of pig tapeworm Taenia solium (Ts), which is mainly seen in people living in developing countries. However, the number of carriers in developed countries increases gradually due to globalization and uncontrolled migration. In this study, we look for the role played by autoimmune innate microglia (Mg) in the pathogenesis of intraparenchymal/subarachnoid neurocysticercosis. (I-SNCC)/ischemic -reperfusion injury (IRI). After reviewing this issue, we formulate some hypotheses regarding to the role of Mg in this process and deliver some novel therapeutic approaches for I- SNCC/IRI. Method: We searched the medical literature comprehensively, looking for published medical subject heading (MeSH) terms like "neurocysticercosis"; "pathogenesis of neurocysticercosis"; "comorbidity in NCC"; OR "I-SNCC"; OR "IRI;" OR "NCC/IS;" OR "Treatment of I-SNCC/IRI;" OR “MPC;” OR “ischemic stroke” OR “subarachnoid neurocysticercosis” OR “racemose neurocysticercosis” Results: All selected manuscripts were peer-reviewed, and we did not find publications related to Mga/I-SNCC/IRI. Comments and concluding remarks: We hypothesized the role played by Mg on the pathogenesis of I-SNCC the role of Mg during the colloid/nodular stage of INCC and racemose NCC and an associated ischemic stroke based on the well-known benefits of Mg polarization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cysticercosis" title="Cysticercosis">Cysticercosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurocysticercosis" title=" neurocysticercosis"> neurocysticercosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microglia%20activation" title=" microglia activation"> microglia activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=apoptosis" title=" apoptosis"> apoptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyroptosis" title=" pyroptosis"> pyroptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=necroptosis" title=" necroptosis"> necroptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PANoptosis" title=" PANoptosis"> PANoptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PANoptosome" title=" PANoptosome"> PANoptosome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious%20vasculitis" title=" infectious vasculitis"> infectious vasculitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ischemic%20stroke" title=" ischemic stroke"> ischemic stroke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vascular%20dementia" title=" vascular dementia"> vascular dementia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=racemose%20neurocysticercosis" title=" racemose neurocysticercosis"> racemose neurocysticercosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subarachnoid%20neurocysticercosis" title=" subarachnoid neurocysticercosis"> subarachnoid neurocysticercosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extra%20parenchymal%20neurocysticercosis" title=" extra parenchymal neurocysticercosis"> extra parenchymal neurocysticercosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172977/a-comprehensive-review-on-autoimmune-innate-cells-in-ischemic-stroke-due-to-neurocysticercosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172977.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">104</span> Sympathetic Skin Response and Reaction Times in Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis; An Overlooked Electrodiagnostic Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oya%20Umit%20Yemisci">Oya Umit Yemisci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nur%20Saracgil%20Cosar"> Nur Saracgil Cosar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tubanur%20Ozturk%20Sisman"> Tubanur Ozturk Sisman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selin%20Ozen"> Selin Ozen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) may result in a wide spectrum of reversible abnormalities in the neuromuscular function. Usually, proximal muscle-related symptoms and neuropathic findings such as mild axonal peripheral neuropathy have been reported. Sympathetic skin responses are useful in evaluating sudomotor activity of the unmyelinated sympathetic fibers of the autonomic nervous system. Neurocognitive impairment may also be a prominent feature of hypothyroidism, particularly in elderly patients. Electromyographic reaction times as a highly sensitive parameter provides. Objective data concerning cognitive and motor functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate peripheral nerve functions, sympathetic skin response and electroneuromyographic (ENMG) reaction times in euthyroid and subclinically hypothyroid patients with a diagnosis of AIT and compare to those of a control group. Thirty-five euthyroid, 19 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and 35 age and sex-matched healthy subjects were included in the study. Motor and sensory nerve conduction studies, sympathetic skin responses recorded from hand and foot by stimulating contralateral median nerve and simple reaction times by stimulating tibial nerve and recording from extensor indicis proprius muscle were performed to all patients and control group. Only median nerve sensory conduction velocities of the forearm were slower in patients with AIT compared to the control group (p=0.019). Otherwise, nerve conduction studies and sympathetic skin responses showed no significant difference between the patients and the control group. However, reaction times were shorter in the healthy subjects compared to AIT patients. Prolongation in the reaction times may be considered as a parameter reflecting the alterations in the cognitive functions related to the primary disease process in AIT. Combining sympathetic skin responses with more quantitative tests such as cardiovascular tests and sudomotor axon reflex testing may allow us to determine higher rates of involvement of the autonomic nervous system in AIT. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sympathetic%20skin%20response" title="sympathetic skin response">sympathetic skin response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simple%20reaction%20time" title=" simple reaction time"> simple reaction time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20autoimmune%20thyroiditis" title=" chronic autoimmune thyroiditis"> chronic autoimmune thyroiditis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120327/sympathetic-skin-response-and-reaction-times-in-chronic-autoimmune-thyroiditis-an-overlooked-electrodiagnostic-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120327.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">103</span> The Link of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus With the Progression of Multiple Sclerosis Disease</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sina%20Mahdavi">Sina Mahdavi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive inflammatory autoimmune disease of the CNS that affects the myelination process in the central nervous system (CNS). Complex interactions of various "environmental or infectious" factors may act as triggers in autoimmunity and disease progression. The association between viral infections, especially human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and MS is one potential cause that is not well understood. This study aims to summarize the available data on human HIV infection in MS disease progression. In this study, the keywords "Multiple sclerosis", "Human immunodeficiency virus ", and "Central nervous system" in the databases PubMed, and Google Scholar between 2017 and 2022 were searched and 15 articles were chosen, studied, and analyzed. Revealed histologic signs of "MS-like illness" in the setting of HIV, which comprised widespread demyelination with reactive astrocytes, foamy macrophages, and perivascular infiltration with inflammatory cells, all of which are compatible with MS lesions. Human immunodeficiency virus causes dysfunction of the immune system, especially characterized by hypergammaglobulinemia and chronic activation of B cells. Activation of B cells leads to increased synthesis of immunoglobulin and finally to an excess of free light chains. Free light chains may be involved in autoimmune responses against neurons. There is a high expression of HIV during the course of MS, which indicates the relationship between HIV and MS, that this virus can play a role in the development of MS by creating an inflammatory state. Therefore, measures to modulate the expression of HIV may be effective in reducing inflammatory processes in demyelinated areas of MS patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20sclerosis" title="multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20immunodeficiency%20virus" title=" human immunodeficiency virus"> human immunodeficiency virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20nervous%20system" title=" central nervous system"> central nervous system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmunity" title=" autoimmunity"> autoimmunity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159411/the-link-of-the-human-immunodeficiency-virus-with-the-progression-of-multiple-sclerosis-disease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159411.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">102</span> Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Treatment Outcomes in Necrotising Autoimmune Myopathy: A Rare Entity in the Spectrum of Inflammatory Myopathies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamphasana%20Wairokpam">Tamphasana Wairokpam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inflammatory myopathies (IMs) have long been recognised as a heterogenous family of myopathies with acute, subacute, and sometimes chronic presentation and are potentially treatable. Necrotizing autoimmune myopathies (NAM) are a relatively new subset of myopathies. Patients generally present with subacute onset of proximal myopathy and significantly elevated creatinine kinase (CK) levels. It is being increasingly recognised that there are limitations to the independent diagnostic utility of muscle biopsy. Immunohistochemistry tests may reveal important information in these cases. The traditional classification of IMs failed to recognise NAM as a separate entity and did not adequately emphasize the diversity of IMs. This review and case report on NAM aims to highlight the heterogeneity of this entity and focus on the distinct clinical presentation, biopsy findings, specific auto-antibodies implicated, and available treatment options with prognosis. This article is a meta-analysis of literatures on NAM and a case report illustrating the clinical course, investigation and biopsy findings, antibodies implicated, and management of a patient with NAM. The main databases used for the search were Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Altogether, 67 publications have been taken as references. Two biomarkers, anti-signal recognition protein (SRP) and anti- hydroxyl methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) Abs, have been found to have an association with NAM in about 2/3rd of cases. Interestingly, anti-SRP associated NAM appears to be more aggressive in its clinical course when compared to its anti-HMGCR associated counterpart. Biopsy shows muscle fibre necrosis without inflammation. There are reports of statin-induced NAM where progression of myopathy has been seen even after discontinuation of statins, pointing towards an underlying immune mechanism. Diagnosisng NAM is essential as it requires more aggressive immunotherapy than other types of IMs. Most cases are refractory to corticosteroid monotherapy. Immunosuppressive therapy with other immunotherapeutic agents such as IVIg, rituximab, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine has been explored and found to have a role in the treatment of NAM. In conclusion,given the heterogeneity of NAM, it appears that NAM is not just a single entity but consists of many different forms, despite the similarities in presentation and its classification remains an evolving field. A thorough understanding of underlying mechanism and the clinical correlation with antibodies associated with NAM is essential for efficacious management and disease prognostication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflammatory%20myopathies" title="inflammatory myopathies">inflammatory myopathies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=necrotising%20autoimmune%20myopathies" title=" necrotising autoimmune myopathies"> necrotising autoimmune myopathies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-SRP%20antibody" title=" anti-SRP antibody"> anti-SRP antibody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-HMGCR%20antibody" title=" anti-HMGCR antibody"> anti-HMGCR antibody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statin%20induced%20myopathy" title=" statin induced myopathy"> statin induced myopathy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150434/clinical-features-diagnosis-and-treatment-outcomes-in-necrotising-autoimmune-myopathy-a-rare-entity-in-the-spectrum-of-inflammatory-myopathies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150434.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">101</span> In silico and in vitro Investigation of the Role of Acinetobacter baumannii in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kieren%20Luellman">Kieren Luellman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Makenzi%20Rockwell"> Makenzi Rockwell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eduardo%20Callegari"> Eduardo Callegari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nichole%20Haag"> Nichole Haag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun%20Wu"> Chun Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder that damages the myelin sheath of neurons in the central nervous system. The presence of Acinetobacter bacteria and anti-Acinetobacter antibodies in MS patients has led to the hypothesis that the bacteria may contribute to MS pathogenesis. In this study, the protein sequences of Acinetobacter baumannii were compared to five peptides from three mammalian myelin proteins, i.e., Proteolipid Protein (PLP): PLP 139-151, PLP 178-191, Myelin Basic Protein (MBP): MBP 84-104 and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG): MOG 35-55 and MOG 92-106 respectively, known to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a condition similar to MS. We found 11 hits (i.e., with five or more amino acid sequence similarity) in Acinetobacter baumannii, which are identical or similar to PLP139-151, 32 hits to PLP178-191, 35 to MBP 84-104, 41 hits to MOG 35-55 and 26 hits to MOG92-106. In addition, Western blotting was used to assess possible interaction between the bacterial proteins and human anti-MBP, anti-MOG, and anti-PLP antibodies produced in rabbits, corresponding to MBP 84-104, MOG 35-55, and PLP 139-151, respectively. We found that both human Polyclonal anti-MOG antibody and anti-PLP antibody recognized a protein or more proteins of the same molecular mass of around 25 kDa. in Acinetobacter baumannii. The results suggested that this/these protein(s) might potentially serve as antigen(s) to induce anti-MOG antibody and anti-PLP antibody production in mammalian B cells. The proteomic study identified 433 hits, among which the sequence of Acinetobacter baumannii protein 491 subunit A matches a previously published enzyme Acinetobacter 3-Oxoadipate CoA-Transferase, in which a fragment of its peptide was observed to recognize MS patient serum via ELISA method. Our findings might pave the road to understanding one of the pathogenesis mechanisms of MS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20sclerosis" title="multiple sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pathogenesis" title=" pathogenesis"> pathogenesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Acinetobacter%20baumannii" title=" Acinetobacter baumannii"> Acinetobacter baumannii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibody%20recognition" title=" antibody recognition"> antibody recognition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165107/in-silico-and-in-vitro-investigation-of-the-role-of-acinetobacter-baumannii-in-the-pathogenesis-of-multiple-sclerosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165107.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">121</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">100</span> Neuromyelitis Optica area Postrema Syndrome(NMOSD-APS) in a Fifteen-year-old Girl: A Case Report</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merilin%20Ivanova%20Ivanova">Merilin Ivanova Ivanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalin%20Dimitrov%20Atanasov"> Kalin Dimitrov Atanasov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefan%20Petrov%20Enchev"> Stefan Petrov Enchev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Backgroud: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, also known as Devic’s disease, is a relapsing demyelinating autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system associated with anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibodies that can manifest with devastating secondary neurological deficits. Most commonly affected are the optic nerves and the spinal cord-clinically this is often presented with optic neuritis (loss of vision), transverse myelitis(weakness or paralysis of extremities),lack of bladder and bowel control, numbness. APS is a core clinical entity of NMOSD and adds to the clinical representation the following symptoms: intractable nausea, vomiting and hiccup, it usually occurs isolated at onset, and can lead to a significant delay in the diagnosis. The condition may have features similar to multiple sclerosis (MS) but the episodes are worse in NMO and it is treated differently. It could be relapsing or monophasic. Possible complications are visual field defects and motor impairment, with potential blindness and irreversible motor deficits. In severe cases, myogenic respiratory failure ensues. The incidence of reported cases is approximately 0.3–4.4 per 100,000. Paediatric cases of NMOSD are rare but have been reported occasionally, comprising less than 5% of the reported cases. Objective: The case serves to show the difficulty when it comes to the diagnostic processes regarding a rare autoimmune disease with non- specific symptoms, taking large interval of rimes to reveal as complete clinical manifestation of the aforementioned syndrome, as well as the necessity of multidisciplinary approach in the setting of а general paediatric department in аn emergency hospital. Methods: itpatient's history, clinical presentation, and information from the used diagnostic tools(MRI with contrast of the central nervous system) lead us to the conclusion .This was later on confirmed by the positive results from the anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody serology test. Conclusion: APS is a common symptom of NMOSD and is considered a challenge in a differential-diagnostic plan. Gaining an increased awareness of this disease/syndrome, obtaining a detailed patient history, and performing thorough physical examinations are essential if we are to reduce and avoid misdiagnosis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuromyelitis" title="neuromyelitis">neuromyelitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=devic%27s%20disease" title=" devic's disease"> devic's disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hiccup" title=" hiccup"> hiccup</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoimmune" title=" autoimmune"> autoimmune</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MRI" title=" MRI"> MRI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182547/neuromyelitis-optica-area-postrema-syndromenmosd-aps-in-a-fifteen-year-old-girl-a-case-report" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">39</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">99</span> The Gold Standard Treatment Plan for Vitiligo: A Review on Conventional and Updated Treatment Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kritin%20K.%20Verma">Kritin K. Verma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brian%20L.%20Ransdell"> Brian L. Ransdell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> White patches are a symptom of vitiligo, a chronic autoimmune dermatological condition that causes a loss of pigmentation in the skin. Vitiligo can cause issues of self-esteem and quality of life while also progressing the development of other autoimmune diseases. Current treatments in allopathy and homeopathy exist; some treatments have been found to be toxic, whereas others have been helpful. Allopathy has seemed to offer several treatment plans, such as phototherapy, skin lightening preparations, immunosuppressive drugs, combined modality therapy, and steroid medications to improve vitiligo. This presentation will review the FDA-approved topical cream, Opzelura, a JAK inhibitor, and its effects on limiting vitiligo progression. Meanwhile, other non-conventional methods, such as Arsenic Sulphuratum Flavum used in homeopathy, will be debunked based on current literature. Most treatments still serve to arrest progression and induce skin repigmentation. Treatment plans may differ between patients due to depigmentation location on the skin. Since there is no gold standard plan for treating patients with vitiligo, the oral presentation will review all topical and systemic pharmacological therapies that fight the depigmentation of the skin and categorize their validity from a systematic review of the literature. Since treatment plans are limited in nature, all treatment methods will be mentioned and an attempt will be made to make a golden standard treatment process for these patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitiligo" title="vitiligo">vitiligo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phototherapy" title=" phototherapy"> phototherapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunosuppressive%20drugs" title=" immunosuppressive drugs"> immunosuppressive drugs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=skin%20lightening%20preparations" title=" skin lightening preparations"> skin lightening preparations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20modality%20therapy" title=" combined modality therapy"> combined modality therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arsenic%20sulphuratum%20flavum" title=" arsenic sulphuratum flavum"> arsenic sulphuratum flavum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homeopathy" title=" homeopathy"> homeopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allopathy" title=" allopathy"> allopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=golden%20standard" title=" golden standard"> golden standard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Opzelura" title=" Opzelura"> Opzelura</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156036/the-gold-standard-treatment-plan-for-vitiligo-a-review-on-conventional-and-updated-treatment-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156036.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span 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