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17.9125 8.46625C18.6138 9.23625 19.04 10.2125 19.04 11.4225C19.04 15.6437 16.4688 16.5787 14.0213 16.8537C14.42 17.1975 14.7638 17.8575 14.7638 18.8887C14.7638 20.36 14.75 21.5425 14.75 21.9137C14.75 22.2025 14.9563 22.5462 15.5063 22.4362C19.8513 20.9787 23 16.8537 23 12C23 5.9225 18.0775 1 12 1Z"></path> </svg> </a> <div class="flex-1 flex-order-2 text-right"> <a href="/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Factix%2Factix" class="HeaderMenu-link HeaderMenu-button d-inline-flex d-lg-none flex-order-1 f5 no-underline border color-border-default rounded-2 px-2 py-1 color-fg-inherit js-prevent-focus-on-mobile-nav" data-hydro-click="{"event_type":"authentication.click","payload":{"location_in_page":"site header menu","repository_id":null,"auth_type":"SIGN_UP","originating_url":"https://github.com/actix/actix","user_id":null}}" data-hydro-click-hmac="bffa74b8fd46faf447150cd018bcf42db0ac4ce3b9c9b06e51f17eef3f532d97" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Marketing nav","action":"click to Sign in","label":"ref_page:Marketing;ref_cta:Sign in;ref_loc:Header"}" > Sign in </a> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu js-header-menu height-fit position-lg-relative d-lg-flex flex-column flex-auto top-0"> <div class="HeaderMenu-wrapper d-flex flex-column flex-self-start flex-lg-row flex-auto rounded rounded-lg-0"> <nav class="HeaderMenu-nav" aria-label="Global"> <ul class="d-lg-flex list-style-none"> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Product <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 d-lg-flex flex-wrap dropdown-menu-wide"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 border-lg-right mb-4 mb-lg-0 pr-lg-7"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"github_copilot","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"github_copilot_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/copilot"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon 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2.497.442.544 1.134.938 2.344.938 1.573 0 2.292-.337 2.657-.751.384-.435.558-1.15.558-2.361 0-1.14-.243-1.847-.705-2.319-.477-.488-1.319-.862-2.824-1.025-1.487-.161-2.192.138-2.533.529-.269.307-.437.808-.438 1.578v.021c0 .265.021.562.063.893Zm-1.626 0c.042-.331.063-.628.063-.894v-.02c-.001-.77-.169-1.271-.438-1.578-.341-.391-1.046-.69-2.533-.529-1.505.163-2.347.537-2.824 1.025-.462.472-.705 1.179-.705 2.319 0 1.211.175 1.926.558 2.361.365.414 1.084.751 2.657.751 1.21 0 1.902-.394 2.344-.938.475-.584.742-1.44.878-2.497Z"></path><path d="M14.5 14.25a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Zm-5 0a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2a1 1 0 0 1-2 0v-2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Copilot</div> Write better code with AI </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" 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</a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"actions","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"actions_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/actions"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-workflow color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M1 3a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h6.5a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H7v4.063C7 16.355 7.644 17 8.438 17H12.5v-2.5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2H21a2 2 0 0 1 2 2V21a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-6.5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5H8.437A2.939 2.939 0 0 1 5.5 15.562V11.5H3a2 2 0 0 1-2-2Zm2-.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5v6.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5h6.5a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V3a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5ZM14.5 14a.5.5 0 0 0-.5.5V21a.5.5 0 0 0 .5.5H21a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5v-6.5a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Actions</div> Automate any 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0-.25-.25Z"></path><path d="M10 17.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h6.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-6.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm-4 0a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Codespaces</div> Instant dev environments </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"issues","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"issues_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/issues"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-issue-opened color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M12 1c6.075 0 11 4.925 11 11s-4.925 11-11 11S1 18.075 1 12 5.925 1 12 1ZM2.5 12a9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 9.5-9.5A9.5 9.5 0 0 0 12 2.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 2.5 12Zm9.5 2a2 2 0 1 1-.001-3.999A2 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1.75h-9.69l-3.573 3.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 5 21.043V18.5H3.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-1.75-1.75ZM3.25 4a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v12.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v3.19l3.72-3.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h10a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V4.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Code Review</div> Manage code changes </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description pb-lg-3" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"discussions","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"discussions_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/discussions"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-comment-discussion color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M1.75 1h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H8.061l-2.574 2.573A1.458 1.458 0 0 1 3 15.543V14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25v-9.5C0 1.784.784 1 1.75 1ZM1.5 2.75v9.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h2a.75.75 0 0 1 .75.75v2.19l2.72-2.72a.749.749 0 0 1 .53-.22h6.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25H1.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25Z"></path><path d="M22.5 8.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25h-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h3.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v9.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 22.25 20H21v1.543a1.457 1.457 0 0 1-2.487 1.03L15.939 20H10.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9 18.25v-1.465a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.465c0 .138.112.25.25.25h5.5a.75.75 0 0 1 .53.22l2.72 2.72v-2.19a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h2a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-9.5Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Discussions</div> Collaborate outside of code </div> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"code_search","context":"product","tag":"link","label":"code_search_link_product_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/features/code-search"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" width="24" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code-square color-fg-subtle mr-3"> <path d="M10.3 8.24a.75.75 0 0 1-.04 1.06L7.352 12l2.908 2.7a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02 1.1l-3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.1l3.5-3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06.04Zm3.44 1.06a.75.75 0 1 1 1.02-1.1l3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.1l-3.5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 1-1.02-1.1l2.908-2.7-2.908-2.7Z"></path><path d="M2 3.75C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2h16.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v16.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 20.25 22H3.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 20.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v16.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h16.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25V3.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">Code Search</div> Find more, search less </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 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12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Solutions <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 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Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"view_all_industries","context":"solutions","tag":"link","label":"view_all_industries_link_solutions_navbar"}" href="/solutions/industry"> View all industries </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="HeaderMenu-trailing-link rounded-bottom-2 flex-shrink-0 mt-lg-4 px-lg-4 py-4 py-lg-3 f5 text-semibold"> <a href="/solutions"> View all solutions <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-right HeaderMenu-trailing-link-icon"> <path d="M6.22 3.22a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0l4.25 4.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L9.94 8 6.22 4.28a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Resources <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 d-lg-flex flex-wrap dropdown-menu-wide"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column px-lg-4 border-lg-right mb-4 mb-lg-0 pr-lg-7"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-lg-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="resources-topics-heading">Topics</span> <ul 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data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-link-external HeaderMenu-external-icon color-fg-subtle"> <path d="M3.75 2h3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-3.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h8.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-3.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v3.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 12.25 14h-8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 2 12.25v-8.5C2 2.784 2.784 2 3.75 2Zm6.854-1h4.146a.25.25 0 0 1 .25.25v4.146a.25.25 0 0 1-.427.177L13.03 4.03 9.28 7.78a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042l3.75-3.75-1.543-1.543A.25.25 0 0 1 10.604 1Z"></path> </svg> </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"executive_insights","context":"resources","tag":"link","label":"executive_insights_link_resources_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/solutions/executive-insights"> Executive Insights </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="HeaderMenu-item position-relative flex-wrap flex-justify-between flex-items-center d-block d-lg-flex flex-lg-nowrap flex-lg-items-center js-details-container js-header-menu-item"> <button type="button" class="HeaderMenu-link border-0 width-full width-lg-auto px-0 px-lg-2 py-lg-2 no-wrap d-flex flex-items-center flex-justify-between js-details-target" aria-expanded="false"> Open Source <svg opacity="0.5" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-chevron-down HeaderMenu-icon ml-1"> <path d="M12.78 5.22a.749.749 0 0 1 0 1.06l-4.25 4.25a.749.749 0 0 1-1.06 0L3.22 6.28a.749.749 0 1 1 1.06-1.06L8 8.939l3.72-3.719a.749.749 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="HeaderMenu-dropdown dropdown-menu rounded m-0 p-0 pt-2 pt-lg-4 position-relative position-lg-absolute left-0 left-lg-n3 pb-2 pb-lg-4 px-lg-4"> <div class="HeaderMenu-column"> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"github_sponsors","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"github_sponsors_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="/sponsors"> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">GitHub Sponsors</div> Fund open source developers </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 pb-lg-3 mb-3 mb-lg-0 mb-lg-3"> <ul class="list-style-none f5" > <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary d-flex flex-items-center Link--has-description" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"the_readme_project","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"the_readme_project_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/readme"> <div> <div class="color-fg-default h4">The ReadME Project</div> GitHub community articles </div> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="border-bottom pb-3 pb-lg-0 border-bottom-0"> <span class="d-block h4 color-fg-default my-1" id="open-source-repositories-heading">Repositories</span> <ul class="list-style-none f5" aria-labelledby="open-source-repositories-heading"> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"topics","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"topics_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/topics"> Topics </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" data-analytics-event="{"location":"navbar","action":"trending","context":"open_source","tag":"link","label":"trending_link_open_source_navbar"}" href="https://github.com/trending"> Trending </a></li> <li> <a class="HeaderMenu-dropdown-link d-block no-underline position-relative py-2 Link--secondary" 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class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://actix.rs/docs/actix\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eUser Guide\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://docs.rs/actix\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eAPI Documentation\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFeatures\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-features\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Features\" href=\"#features\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAsync and sync actors\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActor communication in a local/thread context\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUses \u003ca href=\"https://crates.io/crates/futures\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003efutures\u003c/a\u003e for asynchronous message handling\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eActor supervision\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTyped messages (No \u003ccode\u003eAny\u003c/code\u003e type)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRuns on stable Rust 1.68+\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eUsage\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-usage\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Usage\" href=\"#usage\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eTo use \u003ccode\u003eactix\u003c/code\u003e, add this to your \u003ccode\u003eCargo.toml\u003c/code\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-toml notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"[dependencies]\nactix = \u0026quot;0.13\u0026quot;\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003edependencies\u003c/span\u003e]\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eactix\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e0.13\u003cspan class=\"pl-pds\"\u003e\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eInitialize Actix\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-initialize-actix\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Initialize Actix\" href=\"#initialize-actix\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn order to use actix you first need to create a \u003ccode\u003eSystem\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"fn main() {\n let system = actix::System::new();\n\n system.run();\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003emain\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003elet\u003c/span\u003e system = actix\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eSystem\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n system\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003erun\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eActix uses the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio\"\u003eTokio\u003c/a\u003e runtime. \u003ccode\u003eSystem::new()\u003c/code\u003e creates a new event loop. \u003ccode\u003eSystem.run()\u003c/code\u003e starts the Tokio event loop, and will finish once the \u003ccode\u003eSystem\u003c/code\u003e actor receives the \u003ccode\u003eSystemExit\u003c/code\u003e message.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eImplementing an Actor\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-implementing-an-actor\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Implementing an Actor\" href=\"#implementing-an-actor\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIn order to define an actor you need to define a struct and have it implement the \u003ca href=\"https://docs.rs/actix/latest/actix/trait.Actor.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eActor\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e trait.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"use actix::{Actor, Context, System};\n\nstruct MyActor;\n\nimpl Actor for MyActor {\n type Context = Context\u0026lt;Self\u0026gt;;\n\n fn started(\u0026amp;mut self, _ctx: \u0026amp;mut Self::Context) {\n println!(\u0026quot;I am alive!\u0026quot;);\n System::current().stop(); // \u0026lt;- stop system\n }\n}\n\nfn main() {\n let system = System::new();\n\n let _addr = system.block_on(async { MyActor.start() });\n\n system.run().unwrap();\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e actix\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eActor\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eContext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eSystem\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003estruct\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eMyActor\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimpl\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eActor\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efor\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eMyActor\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003etype\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eContext\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eContext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eSelf\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003estarted\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003emut\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e_ctx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003emut\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eSelf\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eContext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eprintln\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"I am alive!\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eSystem\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ecurrent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003estop\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// \u0026lt;- stop system\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003emain\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003elet\u003c/span\u003e system = \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eSystem\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003elet\u003c/span\u003e _addr = system\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eblock_on\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eMyActor\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003estart\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n system\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003erun\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eunwrap\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSpawning a new actor is achieved via the \u003ccode\u003estart\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003ecreate\u003c/code\u003e methods of the \u003ca href=\"https://docs.rs/actix/latest/actix/trait.Actor.html\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eActor trait\u003c/a\u003e. It provides several different ways of creating actors; for details, check the docs. You can implement the \u003ccode\u003estarted\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003estopping\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003estopped\u003c/code\u003e methods of the Actor trait. \u003ccode\u003estarted\u003c/code\u003e gets called when the actor starts and \u003ccode\u003estopping\u003c/code\u003e when the actor finishes. Check the API docs for more information on \u003ca href=\"https://actix.rs/docs/actix/actor#actor-lifecycle\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ethe actor lifecycle\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eHandle Messages\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-handle-messages\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Handle Messages\" href=\"#handle-messages\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAn Actor communicates with another Actor by sending messages. In actix all messages are typed. Let's define a simple \u003ccode\u003eSum\u003c/code\u003e message with two \u003ccode\u003eusize\u003c/code\u003e parameters and an actor which will accept this message and return the sum of those two numbers. Here we use the \u003ccode\u003e#[actix::main]\u003c/code\u003e attribute as an easier way to start our \u003ccode\u003eSystem\u003c/code\u003e and drive our main function so we can easily \u003ccode\u003e.await\u003c/code\u003e for the responses sent back from the \u003ccode\u003eActor\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"use actix::prelude::*;\n\n// this is our Message\n// we have to define the response type (rtype)\n#[derive(Message)]\n#[rtype(usize)]\nstruct Sum(usize, usize);\n\n// Actor definition\nstruct Calculator;\n\nimpl Actor for Calculator {\n type Context = Context\u0026lt;Self\u0026gt;;\n}\n\n// now we need to implement `Handler` on `Calculator` for the `Sum` message.\nimpl Handler\u0026lt;Sum\u0026gt; for Calculator {\n type Result = usize; // \u0026lt;- Message response type\n\n fn handle(\u0026amp;mut self, msg: Sum, _ctx: \u0026amp;mut Context\u0026lt;Self\u0026gt;) -\u0026gt; Self::Result {\n msg.0 + msg.1\n }\n}\n\n#[actix::main] // \u0026lt;- starts the system and block until future resolves\nasync fn main() {\n let addr = Calculator.start();\n let res = addr.send(Sum(10, 5)).await; // \u0026lt;- send message and get future for result\n\n match res {\n Ok(result) =\u0026gt; println!(\u0026quot;SUM: {}\u0026quot;, result),\n _ =\u0026gt; println!(\u0026quot;Communication to the actor has failed\u0026quot;),\n }\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e actix\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003eprelude\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// this is our Message\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// we have to define the response type (rtype)\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003ederive\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eMessage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003ertype\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eusize\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003estruct\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eSum\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eusize\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eusize\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Actor definition\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003estruct\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eCalculator\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimpl\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eActor\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efor\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eCalculator\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003etype\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eContext\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eContext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eSelf\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// now we need to implement `Handler` on `Calculator` for the `Sum` message.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimpl\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eHandler\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eSum\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efor\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eCalculator\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003etype\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eResult\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eusize\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// \u0026lt;- Message response type\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ehandle\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003emut\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003emsg\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eSum\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003e_ctx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003emut\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eContext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eSelf\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e -\u0026gt; \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eSelf\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eResult\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n msg\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e + msg\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003eactix\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003emain\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// \u0026lt;- starts the system and block until future resolves\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003emain\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003elet\u003c/span\u003e addr = \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eCalculator\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003estart\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003elet\u003c/span\u003e res = addr\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003esend\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eSum\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eawait\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// \u0026lt;- send message and get future for result\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ematch\u003c/span\u003e res \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eOk\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003eresult\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e =\u0026gt; \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eprintln\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"SUM: {}\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e result\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n _ =\u0026gt; \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eprintln\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"Communication to the actor has failed\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll communications with actors go through an \u003ccode\u003eAddr\u003c/code\u003e object. You can \u003ccode\u003edo_send\u003c/code\u003e a message without waiting for a response, or you can \u003ccode\u003esend\u003c/code\u003e an actor a specific message. The \u003ccode\u003eMessage\u003c/code\u003e trait defines the result type for a message.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eActor State And Subscription For Specific Messages\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-actor-state-and-subscription-for-specific-messages\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Actor State And Subscription For Specific Messages\" href=\"#actor-state-and-subscription-for-specific-messages\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eYou may have noticed that the methods of the \u003ccode\u003eActor\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eHandler\u003c/code\u003e traits accept \u003ccode\u003e\u0026amp;mut self\u003c/code\u003e, so you are welcome to store anything in an actor and mutate it whenever necessary.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAddress objects require an actor type, but if we just want to send a specific message to an actor that can handle the message, we can use the \u003ccode\u003eRecipient\u003c/code\u003e interface. Let's create a new actor that uses \u003ccode\u003eRecipient\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"use actix::prelude::*;\nuse std::time::Duration;\n\n#[derive(Message)]\n#[rtype(result = \u0026quot;()\u0026quot;)]\nstruct Ping {\n pub id: usize,\n}\n\n// Actor definition\nstruct Game {\n counter: usize,\n name: String,\n recipient: Recipient\u0026lt;Ping\u0026gt;,\n}\n\nimpl Actor for Game {\n type Context = Context\u0026lt;Game\u0026gt;;\n}\n\n// simple message handler for Ping message\nimpl Handler\u0026lt;Ping\u0026gt; for Game {\n type Result = ();\n\n fn handle(\u0026amp;mut self, msg: Ping, ctx: \u0026amp;mut Context\u0026lt;Self\u0026gt;) {\n self.counter += 1;\n\n if self.counter \u0026gt; 10 {\n System::current().stop();\n } else {\n println!(\u0026quot;[{0}] Ping received {1}\u0026quot;, self.name, msg.id);\n\n // wait 100 nanoseconds\n ctx.run_later(Duration::new(0, 100), move |act, _| {\n act.recipient.do_send(Ping { id: msg.id + 1 });\n });\n }\n }\n}\n\nfn main() {\n let system = System::new();\n\n system.block_on(async {\n // To create a cyclic game link, we need to use a different constructor\n // method to get access to its recipient before it starts.\n let _game = Game::create(|ctx| {\n // now we can get an address of the first actor and create the second actor\n let addr = ctx.address();\n\n let addr2 = Game {\n counter: 0,\n name: String::from(\u0026quot;Game 2\u0026quot;),\n recipient: addr.recipient(),\n }\n .start();\n\n // let's start pings\n addr2.do_send(Ping { id: 10 });\n\n // now we can finally create first actor\n Game {\n counter: 0,\n name: String::from(\u0026quot;Game 1\u0026quot;),\n recipient: addr2.recipient(),\n }\n });\n });\n\n // let the actors all run until they've shut themselves down\n system.run().unwrap();\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e actix\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003eprelude\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e std\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003etime\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eDuration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003ederive\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eMessage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003ertype\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003eresult = \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"()\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003estruct\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePing\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eusize\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Actor definition\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003estruct\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eGame\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecounter\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eusize\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ename\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eString\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003erecipient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eRecipient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePing\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimpl\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eActor\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efor\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eGame\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003etype\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eContext\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eContext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eGame\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// simple message handler for Ping message\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimpl\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eHandler\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePing\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efor\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eGame\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003etype\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eResult\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ehandle\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003emut\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003emsg\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePing\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003ectx\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003emut\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eContext\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eSelf\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecounter\u003c/span\u003e += \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eif\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecounter\u003c/span\u003e \u0026gt; \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eSystem\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ecurrent\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003estop\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eelse\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eprintln\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"[{0}] Ping received {1}\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003ename\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e msg\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003eid\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// wait 100 nanoseconds\u003c/span\u003e\n ctx\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003erun_later\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eDuration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e100\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003emove\u003c/span\u003e |act\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e _| \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n act\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003erecipient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003edo_send\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePing\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e msg\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e + \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003emain\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003elet\u003c/span\u003e system = \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eSystem\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n system\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eblock_on\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003easync\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// To create a cyclic game link, we need to use a different constructor\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// method to get access to its recipient before it starts.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003elet\u003c/span\u003e _game = \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eGame\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ecreate\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e|ctx| \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// now we can get an address of the first actor and create the second actor\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003elet\u003c/span\u003e addr = ctx\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eaddress\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003elet\u003c/span\u003e addr2 = \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eGame\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecounter\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ename\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eString\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"Game 2\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003erecipient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e addr\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003erecipient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003estart\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// let's start pings\u003c/span\u003e\n addr2\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003edo_send\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePing\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// now we can finally create first actor\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eGame\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ecounter\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ename\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eString\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003efrom\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"Game 1\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003erecipient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e addr2\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003erecipient\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// let the actors all run until they've shut themselves down\u003c/span\u003e\n system\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003erun\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eunwrap\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eChat Example\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-chat-example\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Chat Example\" href=\"#chat-example\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSee this \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/HEAD/websockets/chat-tcp\"\u003echat example\u003c/a\u003e which shows more comprehensive usage in a networking client/server service.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eContributing\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-contributing\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Contributing\" href=\"#contributing\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll contributions are welcome, if you have a feature request don't hesitate to open an issue!\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eLicense\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-license\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: License\" href=\"#license\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThis project is licensed under either of\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApache License, Version 2.0, (\u003ca href=\"/actix/actix/blob/master/LICENSE-APACHE\"\u003eLICENSE-APACHE\u003c/a\u003e or \u003ca href=\"https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMIT license (\u003ca href=\"/actix/actix/blob/master/LICENSE-MIT\"\u003eLICENSE-MIT\u003c/a\u003e or \u003ca href=\"https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003ehttps://opensource.org/licenses/MIT\u003c/a\u003e)\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eat your option.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eCode of Conduct\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-code-of-conduct\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Code of Conduct\" href=\"#code-of-conduct\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eContribution to the actix repo is organized under the terms of the Contributor Covenant. The Actix team promises to intervene to uphold that code of conduct.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/article\u003e","loaded":true,"timedOut":false,"errorMessage":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":[{"level":1,"text":"Actix","anchor":"actix","htmlText":"Actix"},{"level":2,"text":"Documentation","anchor":"documentation","htmlText":"Documentation"},{"level":2,"text":"Features","anchor":"features","htmlText":"Features"},{"level":2,"text":"Usage","anchor":"usage","htmlText":"Usage"},{"level":3,"text":"Initialize Actix","anchor":"initialize-actix","htmlText":"Initialize Actix"},{"level":3,"text":"Implementing an Actor","anchor":"implementing-an-actor","htmlText":"Implementing an Actor"},{"level":3,"text":"Handle Messages","anchor":"handle-messages","htmlText":"Handle Messages"},{"level":3,"text":"Actor State And Subscription For Specific Messages","anchor":"actor-state-and-subscription-for-specific-messages","htmlText":"Actor State And Subscription For Specific Messages"},{"level":3,"text":"Chat Example","anchor":"chat-example","htmlText":"Chat Example"},{"level":2,"text":"Contributing","anchor":"contributing","htmlText":"Contributing"},{"level":2,"text":"License","anchor":"license","htmlText":"License"},{"level":2,"text":"Code of Conduct","anchor":"code-of-conduct","htmlText":"Code of Conduct"}],"siteNavLoginPath":"/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Factix%2Factix"}},{"displayName":"CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md","repoName":"actix","refName":"master","path":"CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md","preferredFileType":"code_of_conduct","tabName":"Code of 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js-snippet-clipboard-copy-unpositioned undefined" data-hpc="true"><article class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"><div align="center" dir="auto"> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h1 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Actix</h1><a id="user-content-actix" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Actix" href="#actix"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"> <strong>Actor framework for Rust</strong> </p> <p dir="auto"> </p><p dir="auto"><a href="https://crates.io/crates/actix" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/c8aeefedc2a88ce69b87daf2572e286fec2afc54375373f628feabf8d754b089/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f6372617465732f762f61637469783f6c6162656c3d6c6174657374" alt="crates.io" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/crates/v/actix?label=latest" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://docs.rs/actix/0.13.5" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/76430a4ce9d2c851a14a49cd263e6b01c2d4be4f130a71fd0d396343aec2a94b/68747470733a2f2f646f63732e72732f61637469782f62616467652e7376673f76657273696f6e3d302e31332e35" alt="Documentation" data-canonical-src="https://docs.rs/actix/badge.svg?version=0.13.5" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" 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1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li><a href="https://actix.rs/docs/actix" rel="nofollow">User Guide</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.rs/actix" rel="nofollow">API Documentation</a></li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Features</h2><a id="user-content-features" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Features" href="#features"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Async and sync actors</li> <li>Actor communication in a local/thread context</li> <li>Uses <a href="https://crates.io/crates/futures" rel="nofollow">futures</a> for asynchronous message handling</li> <li>Actor supervision</li> <li>Typed messages (No <code>Any</code> type)</li> <li>Runs on stable Rust 1.68+</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Usage</h2><a id="user-content-usage" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Usage" href="#usage"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">To use <code>actix</code>, add this to your <code>Cargo.toml</code>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-toml notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="[dependencies] actix = "0.13""><pre>[<span class="pl-en">dependencies</span>] <span class="pl-smi">actix</span> = <span class="pl-s"><span class="pl-pds">"</span>0.13<span class="pl-pds">"</span></span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Initialize Actix</h3><a id="user-content-initialize-actix" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Initialize Actix" href="#initialize-actix"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">In order to use actix you first need to create a <code>System</code>.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="fn main() { let system = actix::System::new(); system.run(); }"><pre><span class="pl-k">fn</span> <span class="pl-en">main</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">let</span> system = actix<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">System</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-en">new</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> system<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">run</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Actix uses the <a href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio">Tokio</a> runtime. <code>System::new()</code> creates a new event loop. <code>System.run()</code> starts the Tokio event loop, and will finish once the <code>System</code> actor receives the <code>SystemExit</code> message.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Implementing an Actor</h3><a id="user-content-implementing-an-actor" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Implementing an Actor" href="#implementing-an-actor"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">In order to define an actor you need to define a struct and have it implement the <a href="https://docs.rs/actix/latest/actix/trait.Actor.html" rel="nofollow"><code>Actor</code></a> trait.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="use actix::{Actor, Context, System}; struct MyActor; impl Actor for MyActor { type Context = Context<Self>; fn started(&mut self, _ctx: &mut Self::Context) { println!("I am alive!"); System::current().stop(); // <- stop system } } fn main() { let system = System::new(); let _addr = system.block_on(async { MyActor.start() }); system.run().unwrap(); }"><pre><span class="pl-k">use</span> actix<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span><span class="pl-v">Actor</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Context</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">System</span><span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">struct</span> <span class="pl-smi">MyActor</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">impl</span> <span class="pl-smi">Actor</span> <span class="pl-k">for</span> <span class="pl-smi">MyActor</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">type</span> <span class="pl-smi">Context</span> = <span class="pl-smi">Context</span><span class="pl-kos"><</span><span class="pl-smi">Self</span><span class="pl-kos">></span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">fn</span> <span class="pl-en">started</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-c1">&</span><span class="pl-k">mut</span> <span class="pl-smi">self</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">_ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-c1">&</span><span class="pl-k">mut</span> <span class="pl-smi">Self</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">Context</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-en">println</span><span class="pl-en">!</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"I am alive!"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-smi">System</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-en">current</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">stop</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// <- stop system</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">fn</span> <span class="pl-en">main</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">let</span> system = <span class="pl-smi">System</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-en">new</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">let</span> _addr = system<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">block_on</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-k">async</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">MyActor</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">start</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> system<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">run</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">unwrap</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Spawning a new actor is achieved via the <code>start</code> and <code>create</code> methods of the <a href="https://docs.rs/actix/latest/actix/trait.Actor.html" rel="nofollow">Actor trait</a>. It provides several different ways of creating actors; for details, check the docs. You can implement the <code>started</code>, <code>stopping</code> and <code>stopped</code> methods of the Actor trait. <code>started</code> gets called when the actor starts and <code>stopping</code> when the actor finishes. Check the API docs for more information on <a href="https://actix.rs/docs/actix/actor#actor-lifecycle" rel="nofollow">the actor lifecycle</a>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Handle Messages</h3><a id="user-content-handle-messages" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Handle Messages" href="#handle-messages"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">An Actor communicates with another Actor by sending messages. In actix all messages are typed. Let's define a simple <code>Sum</code> message with two <code>usize</code> parameters and an actor which will accept this message and return the sum of those two numbers. Here we use the <code>#[actix::main]</code> attribute as an easier way to start our <code>System</code> and drive our main function so we can easily <code>.await</code> for the responses sent back from the <code>Actor</code>.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="use actix::prelude::*; // this is our Message // we have to define the response type (rtype) #[derive(Message)] #[rtype(usize)] struct Sum(usize, usize); // Actor definition struct Calculator; impl Actor for Calculator { type Context = Context<Self>; } // now we need to implement `Handler` on `Calculator` for the `Sum` message. impl Handler<Sum> for Calculator { type Result = usize; // <- Message response type fn handle(&mut self, msg: Sum, _ctx: &mut Context<Self>) -> Self::Result { msg.0 + msg.1 } } #[actix::main] // <- starts the system and block until future resolves async fn main() { let addr = Calculator.start(); let res = addr.send(Sum(10, 5)).await; // <- send message and get future for result match res { Ok(result) => println!("SUM: {}", result), _ => println!("Communication to the actor has failed"), } }"><pre><span class="pl-k">use</span> actix<span class="pl-kos">::</span>prelude<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-c1">*</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// this is our Message</span> <span class="pl-c">// we have to define the response type (rtype)</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>derive<span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-v">Message</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>rtype<span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-smi">usize</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">struct</span> <span class="pl-smi">Sum</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-smi">usize</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-smi">usize</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// Actor definition</span> <span class="pl-k">struct</span> <span class="pl-smi">Calculator</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">impl</span> <span class="pl-smi">Actor</span> <span class="pl-k">for</span> <span class="pl-smi">Calculator</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">type</span> <span class="pl-smi">Context</span> = <span class="pl-smi">Context</span><span class="pl-kos"><</span><span class="pl-smi">Self</span><span class="pl-kos">></span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-c">// now we need to implement `Handler` on `Calculator` for the `Sum` message.</span> <span class="pl-k">impl</span> <span class="pl-smi">Handler</span><span class="pl-kos"><</span><span class="pl-smi">Sum</span><span class="pl-kos">></span> <span class="pl-k">for</span> <span class="pl-smi">Calculator</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">type</span> <span class="pl-smi">Result</span> = <span class="pl-smi">usize</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// <- Message response type</span> <span class="pl-k">fn</span> <span class="pl-en">handle</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-c1">&</span><span class="pl-k">mut</span> <span class="pl-smi">self</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">msg</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">Sum</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">_ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-c1">&</span><span class="pl-k">mut</span> <span class="pl-smi">Context</span><span class="pl-kos"><</span><span class="pl-smi">Self</span><span class="pl-kos">></span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> -> <span class="pl-smi">Self</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">Result</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> msg<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">0</span> + msg<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">1</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>actix<span class="pl-kos">::</span>main<span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-c">// <- starts the system and block until future resolves</span> <span class="pl-k">async</span> <span class="pl-k">fn</span> <span class="pl-en">main</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">let</span> addr = <span class="pl-v">Calculator</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">start</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">let</span> res = addr<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">send</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-en">Sum</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-c1">10</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">5</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-k">await</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// <- send message and get future for result</span> <span class="pl-k">match</span> res <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Ok</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span>result<span class="pl-kos">)</span> => <span class="pl-en">println</span><span class="pl-en">!</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"SUM: {}"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> result<span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> _ => <span class="pl-en">println</span><span class="pl-en">!</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"Communication to the actor has failed"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">All communications with actors go through an <code>Addr</code> object. You can <code>do_send</code> a message without waiting for a response, or you can <code>send</code> an actor a specific message. The <code>Message</code> trait defines the result type for a message.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Actor State And Subscription For Specific Messages</h3><a id="user-content-actor-state-and-subscription-for-specific-messages" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Actor State And Subscription For Specific Messages" href="#actor-state-and-subscription-for-specific-messages"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">You may have noticed that the methods of the <code>Actor</code> and <code>Handler</code> traits accept <code>&mut self</code>, so you are welcome to store anything in an actor and mutate it whenever necessary.</p> <p dir="auto">Address objects require an actor type, but if we just want to send a specific message to an actor that can handle the message, we can use the <code>Recipient</code> interface. Let's create a new actor that uses <code>Recipient</code>.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="use actix::prelude::*; use std::time::Duration; #[derive(Message)] #[rtype(result = "()")] struct Ping { pub id: usize, } // Actor definition struct Game { counter: usize, name: String, recipient: Recipient<Ping>, } impl Actor for Game { type Context = Context<Game>; } // simple message handler for Ping message impl Handler<Ping> for Game { type Result = (); fn handle(&mut self, msg: Ping, ctx: &mut Context<Self>) { self.counter += 1; if self.counter > 10 { System::current().stop(); } else { println!("[{0}] Ping received {1}", self.name, msg.id); // wait 100 nanoseconds ctx.run_later(Duration::new(0, 100), move |act, _| { act.recipient.do_send(Ping { id: msg.id + 1 }); }); } } } fn main() { let system = System::new(); system.block_on(async { // To create a cyclic game link, we need to use a different constructor // method to get access to its recipient before it starts. let _game = Game::create(|ctx| { // now we can get an address of the first actor and create the second actor let addr = ctx.address(); let addr2 = Game { counter: 0, name: String::from("Game 2"), recipient: addr.recipient(), } .start(); // let's start pings addr2.do_send(Ping { id: 10 }); // now we can finally create first actor Game { counter: 0, name: String::from("Game 1"), recipient: addr2.recipient(), } }); }); // let the actors all run until they've shut themselves down system.run().unwrap(); }"><pre><span class="pl-k">use</span> actix<span class="pl-kos">::</span>prelude<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-c1">*</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">use</span> std<span class="pl-kos">::</span>time<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-v">Duration</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>derive<span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-v">Message</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>rtype<span class="pl-kos">(</span>result = <span class="pl-s">"()"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">struct</span> <span class="pl-smi">Ping</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">id</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">usize</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-c">// Actor definition</span> <span class="pl-k">struct</span> <span class="pl-smi">Game</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">counter</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">usize</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">name</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">String</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">recipient</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">Recipient</span><span class="pl-kos"><</span><span class="pl-smi">Ping</span><span class="pl-kos">></span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">impl</span> <span class="pl-smi">Actor</span> <span class="pl-k">for</span> <span class="pl-smi">Game</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">type</span> <span class="pl-smi">Context</span> = <span class="pl-smi">Context</span><span class="pl-kos"><</span><span class="pl-smi">Game</span><span class="pl-kos">></span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-c">// simple message handler for Ping message</span> <span class="pl-k">impl</span> <span class="pl-smi">Handler</span><span class="pl-kos"><</span><span class="pl-smi">Ping</span><span class="pl-kos">></span> <span class="pl-k">for</span> <span class="pl-smi">Game</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">type</span> <span class="pl-smi">Result</span> = <span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">fn</span> <span class="pl-en">handle</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-c1">&</span><span class="pl-k">mut</span> <span class="pl-smi">self</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">msg</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">Ping</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">ctx</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-c1">&</span><span class="pl-k">mut</span> <span class="pl-smi">Context</span><span class="pl-kos"><</span><span class="pl-smi">Self</span><span class="pl-kos">></span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-smi">self</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">counter</span> += <span class="pl-c1">1</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">if</span> <span class="pl-smi">self</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">counter</span> > <span class="pl-c1">10</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-smi">System</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-en">current</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">stop</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">else</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-en">println</span><span class="pl-en">!</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"[{0}] Ping received {1}"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-smi">self</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span>name<span class="pl-kos">,</span> msg<span class="pl-kos">.</span>id<span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// wait 100 nanoseconds</span> ctx<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">run_later</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-smi">Duration</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-en">new</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-c1">0</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">100</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-k">move</span> |act<span class="pl-kos">,</span> _| <span class="pl-kos">{</span> act<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">recipient</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">do_send</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-smi">Ping</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">id</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> msg<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1">id</span> + <span class="pl-c1">1</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">fn</span> <span class="pl-en">main</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">let</span> system = <span class="pl-smi">System</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-en">new</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> system<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">block_on</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-k">async</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c">// To create a cyclic game link, we need to use a different constructor</span> <span class="pl-c">// method to get access to its recipient before it starts.</span> <span class="pl-k">let</span> _game = <span class="pl-smi">Game</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-en">create</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span>|ctx| <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c">// now we can get an address of the first actor and create the second actor</span> <span class="pl-k">let</span> addr = ctx<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">address</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">let</span> addr2 = <span class="pl-smi">Game</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">counter</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-c1">0</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">name</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">String</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-en">from</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"Game 2"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">recipient</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> addr<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">recipient</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">start</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// let's start pings</span> addr2<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">do_send</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-smi">Ping</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">id</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-c1">10</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// now we can finally create first actor</span> <span class="pl-smi">Game</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">counter</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-c1">0</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">name</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">String</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-en">from</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s">"Game 1"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">recipient</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> addr2<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">recipient</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c">// let the actors all run until they've shut themselves down</span> system<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">run</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">unwrap</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Chat Example</h3><a id="user-content-chat-example" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Chat Example" href="#chat-example"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">See this <a href="https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/HEAD/websockets/chat-tcp">chat example</a> which shows more comprehensive usage in a networking client/server service.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Contributing</h2><a id="user-content-contributing" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Contributing" href="#contributing"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">All contributions are welcome, if you have a feature request don't hesitate to open an issue!</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">License</h2><a id="user-content-license" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: License" href="#license"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">This project is licensed under either of</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Apache License, Version 2.0, (<a href="/actix/actix/blob/master/LICENSE-APACHE">LICENSE-APACHE</a> or <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0" rel="nofollow">https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0</a>)</li> <li>MIT license (<a href="/actix/actix/blob/master/LICENSE-MIT">LICENSE-MIT</a> or <a href="https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT" rel="nofollow">https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT</a>)</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">at your option.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Code of Conduct</h2><a id="user-content-code-of-conduct" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Code of Conduct" href="#code-of-conduct"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Contribution to the actix repo is organized under the terms of the Contributor Covenant. The Actix team promises to intervene to uphold that code of conduct.</p> </article></div></div></div></div></div> <!-- --> <!-- --> <script type="application/json" id="__PRIMER_DATA_:R0:__">{"resolvedServerColorMode":"day"}</script></div> </react-partial> <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="QJ+IFF0Iyev0LkjQDminF8HXslZ3HN4K92Jq24wEUt9si2Z59wt1O/+iaUoy3OWY7DYPMuKyZwdXvgnCANik1g==" /> </div> <div data-view-component="true" class="Layout-sidebar"> <div class="BorderGrid about-margin" data-pjax> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <div class="hide-sm hide-md"> <h2 class="mb-3 h4">About</h2> <p class="f4 my-3"> Actor framework for Rust. </p> <h3 class="sr-only">Topics</h3> <div class="my-3"> <div class="f6"> <a href="/topics/rust" title="Topic: rust" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> rust </a> <a href="/topics/actor-model" title="Topic: actor-model" data-view-component="true" class="topic-tag topic-tag-link"> actor-model </a> <a 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no-underline" aria-label="MIT license" href="/actix/actix/blob/master/./LICENSE-MIT"> <div class="Box-row Box-row--hover-gray border-top rounded-0"> <div class="text-bold">MIT</div> <span class="f6 color-fg-muted">LICENSE-MIT</span> </div> </a> </details-dialog> </details> <h3 class="sr-only">Code of conduct</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="#coc-ov-file" class="Link--muted" data-analytics-event="{"category":"Repository Overview","action":"click","label":"location:sidebar;file:code of conduct"}" > <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-code-of-conduct mr-2"> <path d="M8.048 2.241c.964-.709 2.079-1.238 3.325-1.241a4.616 4.616 0 0 1 3.282 1.355c.41.408.757.86.996 1.428.238.568.348 1.206.347 1.968 0 2.193-1.505 4.254-3.081 5.862-1.496 1.526-3.213 2.796-4.249 3.563l-.22.163a.749.749 0 0 1-.895 0l-.221-.163c-1.036-.767-2.753-2.037-4.249-3.563C1.51 10.008.007 7.952.002 5.762a4.614 4.614 0 0 1 1.353-3.407C3.123.585 6.223.537 8.048 2.24Zm-1.153.983c-1.25-1.033-3.321-.967-4.48.191a3.115 3.115 0 0 0-.913 2.335c0 1.556 1.109 3.24 2.652 4.813C5.463 11.898 6.96 13.032 8 13.805c.353-.262.758-.565 1.191-.905l-1.326-1.223a.75.75 0 0 1 1.018-1.102l1.48 1.366c.328-.281.659-.577.984-.887L9.99 9.802a.75.75 0 1 1 1.019-1.103l1.384 1.28c.295-.329.566-.661.81-.995L12.92 8.7l-1.167-1.168c-.674-.671-1.78-.664-2.474.03-.268.269-.538.537-.802.797-.893.882-2.319.843-3.185-.032-.346-.35-.693-.697-1.043-1.047a.75.75 0 0 1-.04-1.016c.162-.191.336-.401.52-.623.62-.748 1.356-1.637 2.166-2.417Zm7.112 4.442c.313-.65.491-1.293.491-1.916v-.001c0-.614-.088-1.045-.23-1.385-.143-.339-.357-.633-.673-.949a3.111 3.111 0 0 0-2.218-.915c-1.092.003-2.165.627-3.226 1.602-.823.755-1.554 1.637-2.228 2.45l-.127.154.562.566a.755.755 0 0 0 1.066.02l.794-.79c1.258-1.258 3.312-1.31 4.594-.032.396.394.792.791 1.173 1.173Z"></path> </svg> Code of conduct </a> </div> <include-fragment src="/actix/actix/hovercards/citation/sidebar_partial?tree_name=master"> </include-fragment> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/actix/actix/activity" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg text="gray" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-pulse mr-2"> <path d="M6 2c.306 0 .582.187.696.471L10 10.731l1.304-3.26A.751.751 0 0 1 12 7h3.25a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-2.742l-1.812 4.528a.751.751 0 0 1-1.392 0L6 4.77 4.696 8.03A.75.75 0 0 1 4 8.5H.75a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5h2.742l1.812-4.529A.751.751 0 0 1 6 2Z"></path> </svg> <span class="color-fg-muted">Activity</span></a> </div> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/actix/actix/custom-properties" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg text="gray" aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-note mr-2"> <path d="M0 3.75C0 2.784.784 2 1.75 2h12.5c.966 0 1.75.784 1.75 1.75v8.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 14H1.75A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 12.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v8.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h12.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-8.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25ZM3.5 6.25a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75h7a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-7a.75.75 0 0 1-.75-.75Zm.75 2.25h4a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-4a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.5Z"></path> </svg> <span class="color-fg-muted">Custom properties</span></a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Stars</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/actix/actix/stargazers" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star mr-2"> <path d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 0 1 .673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 0 1 .416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.751.751 0 0 1-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 0 1-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 0 1 8 .25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path> </svg> <strong>8.8k</strong> stars</a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Watchers</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/actix/actix/watchers" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-eye mr-2"> <path d="M8 2c1.981 0 3.671.992 4.933 2.078 1.27 1.091 2.187 2.345 2.637 3.023a1.62 1.62 0 0 1 0 1.798c-.45.678-1.367 1.932-2.637 3.023C11.67 13.008 9.981 14 8 14c-1.981 0-3.671-.992-4.933-2.078C1.797 10.83.88 9.576.43 8.898a1.62 1.62 0 0 1 0-1.798c.45-.677 1.367-1.931 2.637-3.022C4.33 2.992 6.019 2 8 2ZM1.679 7.932a.12.12 0 0 0 0 .136c.411.622 1.241 1.75 2.366 2.717C5.176 11.758 6.527 12.5 8 12.5c1.473 0 2.825-.742 3.955-1.715 1.124-.967 1.954-2.096 2.366-2.717a.12.12 0 0 0 0-.136c-.412-.621-1.242-1.75-2.366-2.717C10.824 4.242 9.473 3.5 8 3.5c-1.473 0-2.825.742-3.955 1.715-1.124.967-1.954 2.096-2.366 2.717ZM8 10a2 2 0 1 1-.001-3.999A2 2 0 0 1 8 10Z"></path> </svg> <strong>140</strong> watching</a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Forks</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/actix/actix/forks" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked mr-2"> <path d="M5 5.372v.878c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 0 .75-.75v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v.878a2.25 2.25 0 0 1-2.25 2.25h-1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V8.5h-1.5A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 3.5 6.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0ZM5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Zm6.75.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0-1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5Zm-3 8.75a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Z"></path> </svg> <strong>659</strong> forks</a> </div> <div class="mt-2"> <a class="Link--muted" href="/contact/report-content?content_url=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Factix%2Factix&report=actix+%28user%29"> Report repository </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame"> <a href="/actix/actix/releases" data-view-component="true" class="Link--primary no-underline Link">Releases <span title="68" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">68</span></a></h2> <a class="Link--primary d-flex no-underline" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" href="/actix/actix/releases/tag/actix_derive-v0.6.2"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-tag flex-shrink-0 mt-1 color-fg-success"> <path d="M1 7.775V2.75C1 1.784 1.784 1 2.75 1h5.025c.464 0 .91.184 1.238.513l6.25 6.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 2.474l-5.026 5.026a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-2.474 0l-6.25-6.25A1.752 1.752 0 0 1 1 7.775Zm1.5 0c0 .066.026.13.073.177l6.25 6.25a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l5.025-5.025a.25.25 0 0 0 0-.354l-6.25-6.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.177-.073H2.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM6 5a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Z"></path> </svg> <div class="ml-2 min-width-0"> <div class="d-flex"> <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target text-bold mr-2" style="max-width: none;">actix_derive: v0.6.2</span> <span title="Label: Latest" data-view-component="true" class="Label Label--success flex-shrink-0"> Latest </span> </div> <div class="text-small color-fg-muted"><relative-time datetime="2024-09-12T20:20:46Z" class="no-wrap">Sep 12, 2024</relative-time></div> </div> </a> <div data-view-component="true" class="mt-3"> <a text="small" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" href="/actix/actix/releases" data-view-component="true" class="Link">+ 67 releases</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row" hidden> <div 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.22.368h12.164a.25.25 0 0 0 .22-.368Zm.53 3.996v2.5a.75.75 0 0 1-1.5 0v-2.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0ZM9 11a1 1 0 1 1-2 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0Z"></path> </svg> <button type="button" class="flash-close js-ajax-error-dismiss" aria-label="Dismiss error"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </button> You can’t perform that action at this time. </div> <template id="site-details-dialog"> <details class="details-reset details-overlay details-overlay-dark lh-default color-fg-default hx_rsm" open> <summary role="button" aria-label="Close dialog"></summary> <details-dialog class="Box Box--overlay d-flex flex-column anim-fade-in fast hx_rsm-dialog hx_rsm-modal"> <button class="Box-btn-octicon m-0 btn-octicon position-absolute right-0 top-0" type="button" aria-label="Close dialog" data-close-dialog> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg> </button> <div class="octocat-spinner my-6 js-details-dialog-spinner"></div> </details-dialog> </details> </template> <div class="Popover js-hovercard-content position-absolute" style="display: none; outline: none;"> <div class="Popover-message Popover-message--bottom-left Popover-message--large Box color-shadow-large" style="width:360px;"> </div> </div> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container position-absolute right-0 top-0"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon m-2"> <path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none m-2"> <path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </clipboard-copy> </div> </template> <template id="snippet-clipboard-copy-button-unpositioned"> <div class="zeroclipboard-container"> <clipboard-copy aria-label="Copy" class="ClipboardButton btn btn-invisible js-clipboard-copy m-2 p-0 d-flex flex-justify-center flex-items-center" data-copy-feedback="Copied!" data-tooltip-direction="w"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-copy js-clipboard-copy-icon"> <path d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 0 1 1.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 9.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 14.25Z"></path><path d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 14.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0 1 5 9.25Zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 0 0 .25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 0 0-.25-.25Z"></path> </svg> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-check js-clipboard-check-icon color-fg-success d-none"> <path d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 0 1 0 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 0 1-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0Z"></path> </svg> </clipboard-copy> </div> </template> </div> <div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" ></div> <div id="js-global-screen-reader-notice-assertive" class="sr-only mt-n1" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"></div> </body> </html>