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Chlór – Wikipédia

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id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">presunúť do postranného panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skryť</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Začiatok</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-História" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#História"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>História</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-História-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vlastnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vlastnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Vlastnosti</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vlastnosti-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Vlastnosti</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vlastnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fyzikálne_vlastnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fyzikálne_vlastnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Fyzikálne vlastnosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fyzikálne_vlastnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemické_vlastnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemické_vlastnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Chemické vlastnosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemické_vlastnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spôsob_väzby" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spôsob_väzby"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Spôsob väzby</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spôsob_väzby-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izotopy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izotopy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Izotopy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izotopy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Výskyt_v_prírode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Výskyt_v_prírode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Výskyt v prírode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Výskyt_v_prírode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zlúčeniny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zlúčeniny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zlúčeniny</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Zlúčeniny-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Zlúčeniny</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Zlúčeniny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chlorovodík" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chlorovodík"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Chlorovodík</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chlorovodík-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chloridy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chloridy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Chloridy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chloridy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oxidy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oxidy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Oxidy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oxidy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kyslíkaté_kyseliny_chlóru_a_ich_soli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kyslíkaté_kyseliny_chlóru_a_ich_soli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Kyslíkaté kyseliny chlóru a ich soli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kyslíkaté_kyseliny_chlóru_a_ich_soli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interhalogénové_zlúčeniny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interhalogénové_zlúčeniny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Interhalogénové zlúčeniny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interhalogénové_zlúčeniny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organické_zlúčeniny_chlóru" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organické_zlúčeniny_chlóru"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Organické zlúčeniny chlóru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organické_zlúčeniny_chlóru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Výroba" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Výroba"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Výroba</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Výroba-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Použitie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Použitie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Použitie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Použitie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Použitie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Použitie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chlórované_organické_rozpúšťadlá" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chlórované_organické_rozpúšťadlá"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Chlórované organické rozpúšťadlá</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chlórované_organické_rozpúšťadlá-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PCB" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PCB"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>PCB</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PCB-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-DDT" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DDT"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>DDT</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DDT-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PVC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PVC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>PVC</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PVC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dioxíny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dioxíny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Dioxíny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dioxíny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Referencie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iné_projekty" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iné_projekty"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Iné projekty</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iné_projekty-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prepnúť obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prepnúť obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Chlór</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prejsť na článok v inom jazyku. Je dostupný v 165 jazykoch" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-165" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">165 jazykov</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloor" title="Chloor – afrikánčina" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Chloor" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%8E%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%95" title="ክሎሪን – amharčina" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ክሎሪን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro – aragónčina" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cloro" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="क्लोरीन – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="क्लोरीन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobrý článok"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="كلور – arabčina" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كلور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="كلور – arabština (marocká)" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كلور" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabština (marocká)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="كلور – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كلور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloru" title="Cloru – astúrčina" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cloru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astúrčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xlor" title="Xlor – azerbajdžančina" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xlor" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="کولور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کولور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор – baškirčina" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хлор" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin – balijčina" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Klorin" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chluors" title="Chluors – žemaitština" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Chluors" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaitština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klorina" title="Klorina – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Klorina" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор – bieloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хлор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%80" title="Хлёр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хлёр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор – bulharčina" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хлор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="क्लोरीन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="क्लोरीन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကလိုရဉ်း – Pa&#039;O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ကလိုရဉ်း" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa&#039;O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8" title="ক্লোরিন – bengálčina" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্লোরিন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9A%E0%BE%AD%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="ཚྭ་རླུང་། – tibetčina" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཚྭ་རླུང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klor" title="Klor – bretónčina" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Klor" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlor" title="Hlor – bosniačtina" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hlor" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clor" title="Clor – katalánčina" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Clor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k_(ngu%C3%B2ng-s%C3%B3)" title="Lṳ̆k (nguòng-só) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lṳ̆k (nguòng-só)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin – cebuánčina" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Klorin" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%86%D8%B1" title="کلۆر – kurdčina (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کلۆر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdčina (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloru" title="Cloru – korzičtina" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cloru" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korzičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor – čeština" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chlor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="čeština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор – čuvaština" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хлор" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clorin" title="Clorin – waleština" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Clorin" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="waleština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klor" title="Klor – dánčina" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Klor" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobrý článok"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor – nemčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chlor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%B0%DE%8D%DE%AE%DE%83%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ކްލޮރިން – maldivčina" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކްލޮރިން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maldivčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Χλώριο – gréčtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χλώριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gréčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobrý článok"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chlorine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloro" title="Kloro – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kloro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro – španielčina" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cloro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španielčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloor" title="Kloor – estónčina" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kloor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloro" title="Kloro – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kloro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloru" title="Cloru – extremadurština" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cloru" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremadurština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%B1" title="کلر – perzština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloori" title="Kloori – fínčina" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kloori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klor" title="Klor – faerčina" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Klor" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="faerčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlore" title="Chlore – francúzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chlore" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francúzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloor" title="Kloor – severná frízština" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kloor" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="severná frízština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%B4r" title="Clôr – friulčina" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Clôr" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%B3ir%C3%ADn" title="Clóirín – írčina" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Clóirín" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="írčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯 – čínština (dialekty Gan)" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="氯" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Gan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%B2rain" title="Clòrain – škótska gaelčina" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Clòrain" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="škótska gaelčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro – galícijčina" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cloro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galícijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A8" title="ક્લોરિન – gudžarátčina" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ક્લોરિન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloreen" title="Cloreen – mančina" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Cloreen" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu%CC%8Dk" title="Liu̍k – čínština (dialekty Hakka)" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Liu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Hakka)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolorine" title="Kolorine – havajčina" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Kolorine" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8" title="כלור – hebrejčina" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כלור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="क्लोरीन – hindčina" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्लोरीन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine – hindština (Fidži)" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chlorine" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindština (Fidži)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klor" title="Klor – chorvátčina" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Klor" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C3%B2" title="Klò – haitská kreolčina" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Klò" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitská kreolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C3%B3r" title="Klór – maďarčina" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Klór" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Քլոր – arménčina" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քլոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%B2%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Քղոր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Քղոր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloro" title="Chloro – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Chloro" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin – indonézština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Klorin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonézština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kloro" title="Kloro – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kloro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C3%B3r" title="Klór – islandčina" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Klór" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro – taliančina" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cloro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="taliančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%A9%E7%B4%A0" title="塩素 – japončina" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="塩素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/kliru" title="kliru – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="kliru" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klor" title="Klor – jávčina" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Klor" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jávčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ქლორი – gruzínčina" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქლორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C9%94r%C9%A9" title="Klɔrɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Klɔrɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хлор" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕ್ಲೋರಿನ್ – kannadčina" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ಲೋರಿನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannadčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%BC%EC%86%8C_(%EC%9B%90%EC%86%8C)" title="염소 (원소) – kórejčina" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="염소 (원소)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="kórejčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klor%C3%AEn" title="Klorîn – kurdčina" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Klorîn" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор – komijčina" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Хлор" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin – kornčina" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Klorin" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор – kirgizština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хлор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorum" title="Chlorum – latinčina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chlorum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor – luxemburčina" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Chlor" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kololiini" title="Kololiini – gandčina" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Kololiini" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="gandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloear" title="Chloear – limburčina" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Chloear" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro – ligurština" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Cloro" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro – lombardština" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cloro" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloki" title="Koloki – lingalčina" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Koloki" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloras" title="Chloras – litovčina" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chloras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litovčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlors" title="Hlors – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hlors" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haum%C4%81ota" title="Haumāota – maorijčina" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Haumāota" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorijčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор – macedónčina" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хлор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="ക്ലോറിൻ – malajálamčina" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്ലോറിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор – mongolčina" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хлор" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯤꯟ – manípurčina" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯤꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manípurčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="नीरजी – maráthčina" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नीरजी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор – marijština (západní)" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Хлор" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="marijština (západní)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin – malajčina" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Klorin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကလိုရင်း – barmčina" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကလိုရင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="barmčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор – erzjančina" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Хлор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzjančina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor – dolná nemčina" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Chlor" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="dolná nemčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="क्लोरिन – nepálčina" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="क्लोरिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="क्लोरिन – nevárčina" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्लोरिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="nevárčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloor_(element)" title="Chloor (element) – holandčina" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chloor (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="holandčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klor" title="Klor – nórčina (nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Klor" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nórčina (nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klor" title="Klor – nórčina (bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Klor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="nórčina (bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klore" title="Klore – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Klore" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%B2r" title="Clòr – okcitánčina" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Clòr" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlor" title="Hlor – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Hlor" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8" title="କ୍ଲୋରିନ – uríjčina" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କ୍ଲୋରିନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="uríjčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор – osetčina" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хлор" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕਲੋਰੀਨ – pandžábčina" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਲੋਰੀਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžábčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="क्लोरिन – pálí" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="क्लोरिन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pálí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor – poľština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chlor" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poľština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%B2r" title="Clòr – piemonština" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Clòr" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کلورین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کلورین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86" title="کلورين – paštčina" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کلورين" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro – portugalčina" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cloro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuluru" title="Kuluru – kečuánčina" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kuluru" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clor" title="Clor – rumunčina" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Clor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloru" title="Cloru – arumunčina" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Cloru" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="arumunčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хлор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор – rusínština" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Хлор" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="क्लोरिन – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="क्लोरिन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro – sardínčina" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Cloro" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardínčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloru" title="Cloru – sicílčina" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cloru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicílčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine – škótčina" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Chlorine" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="škótčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86" title="ڪلورين – sindhčina" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪلورين" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlor" title="Hlor – srbochorvátčina" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hlor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvátčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="ක්ලෝරීන් – sinhalčina" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ක්ලෝරීන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chlorine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klor" title="Klor – slovinčina" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Klor" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloriin" title="Koloriin – somálčina" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Koloriin" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somálčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klori" title="Klori – albánčina" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Klori" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор – srbčina" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хлор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor – fríština (saterlandská)" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Chlor" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="fríština (saterlandská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klor" title="Klor – sundčina" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Klor" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klor" title="Klor – švédčina" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Klor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klorini" title="Klorini – swahilčina" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Klorini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="குளோரின் – tamilčina" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குளோரின்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="క్లోరిన్ – telugčina" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్లోరిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор – tadžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хлор" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="คลอรีน – thajčina" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คลอรีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klorina" title="Klorina – tagalčina" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Klorina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klor" title="Klor – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Klor" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор – tatárčina" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хлор" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatárčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%89" title="خلور گازى – ujgurčina" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="خلور گازى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор – ukrajinčina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хлор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کلورین – urdčina" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کلورین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xlor" title="Xlor – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xlor" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlor" title="Hlor – vepština" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Hlor" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor – vietnamčina" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chlor" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klorin" title="Klorin – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Klorin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cl%C3%B4re" title="Clôre – valónčina" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Clôre" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valónčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cloro" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯 – čínština (wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="氯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хлор – kalmyčtina" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Хлор" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyčtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A8" title="כלאר – jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כלאר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klor%C3%ADn%C3%AC" title="Klorínì – jorubčina" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Klorínì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luz" title="Luz – čuangčina" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Luz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="čuangčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94" title="ⴰⴽⵍⵓⵔ – tuaregčina (marocká štandardná)" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴽⵍⵓⵔ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tuaregčina (marocká štandardná)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="氯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯 – čínština (klasická)" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="氯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="čínština (klasická)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A2m-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Iâm-sò͘ – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iâm-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯 – kantončina" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantončina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IChwenzi" title="IChwenzi – zuluština" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IChwenzi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zuluština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Chl%C3%B3r"><span>Čítať</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit" title="Upraviť túto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Upraviť</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit" title="Upraviť zdrojový kód tejto stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Upraviť zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=history"><span>Zobraziť históriu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Všeobecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:%C4%8CoOdkazujeSem/Chl%C3%B3r" title="Zoznam všetkých wiki stránok, ktoré sem odkazujú [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazy na túto stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:S%C3%BAvisiacePosledn%C3%A9%C3%9Apravy/Chl%C3%B3r" rel="nofollow" title="Posledné úpravy na stránkach, na ktoré odkazuje táto stránka [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Súvisiace úpravy</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=sk" title="Nahranie súborov [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Nahrať súbor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lneStr%C3%A1nky" title="Zoznam všetkých špeciálnych stránok [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Špeciálne stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;oldid=7864818" title="Trvalý odkaz na túto verziu 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wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Chlorine" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q688" title="Odkaz na prepojenú položku dátového úložiska [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje stránky"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhľad"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header 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lang="sk" dir="ltr"><p><span></span> </p> <table class="infobox bordered" style="font-size: 88%; margin: 0 0 .5em .5em; width: 280px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="font-size: 16px; background: #ffff99;">Chlór<br /><small style="font-size: 11px; font-style: italic; padding: 2px;">(chlorum)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><table class="wikitable" style="background: #ffffee; margin: 0; text-align: center; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="font-size: 120%; border-bottom: none; text-align: center;"><small><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADra" title="Síra">síra</a></small>&#160;←&#160;chlór&#160;→&#160;<small><a href="/wiki/Arg%C3%B3n" title="Argón">argón</a></small></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span style="font-size: 95%"><a href="/wiki/Flu%C3%B3r" title="Fluór">F</a></span><br />↑<br /><span style="font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold">Cl</span><br />↓<br /><span style="font-size: 95%"><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B3m" title="Bróm">Br</a></span></td> <td style="border-bottom: none;"> <table class="nogrid" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: center; empty-cells: show; border: none; width: 160px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #a0ffa0;"></span></td> <td colspan="21" style="border: none;"></td> <td colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: bottom; border: none;">17</td> <td colspan="5" style="border: none;"></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #c0ffff;"></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff6666;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #cccccc;"></span></td> <td colspan="20" style="border: none;"></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #cccc99;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #a0ffa0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #a0ffa0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #a0ffa0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffff99;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #c0ffff;"></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff6666;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #cccccc;"></span></td> <td colspan="20" style="border: none;"></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #cccccc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #cccc99;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #a0ffa0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #a0ffa0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffff99; border: 1px solid #000000; margin: -1px;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #c0ffff;"></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff6666;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffdead;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td colspan="14" style="border: none;"></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #cccccc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #cccc99;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #cccc99;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #a0ffa0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffff99;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #c0ffff;"></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff6666;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffdead;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td colspan="14" style="border: none;"></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #cccccc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #cccccc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #cccc99;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #cccc99;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffff99;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #c0ffff;"></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff6666;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffdead;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffbfff;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffbfff;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffbfff;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffbfff;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffbfff;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffbfff;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffbfff;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffbfff;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffbfff;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffbfff;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffbfff;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffbfff;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffbfff;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffbfff;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffbfff;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #cccccc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #cccccc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #cccccc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #cccccc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #cccc99;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #c0ffff;"></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff6666;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffdead;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff99cc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff99cc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff99cc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff99cc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff99cc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff99cc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff99cc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff99cc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff99cc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff99cc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff99cc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff99cc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff99cc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff99cc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ff99cc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #e8e8e8;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #e8e8e8;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #e8e8e8;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #ffc0c0;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #e8e8e8;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #cccccc;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #e8e8e8;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #e8e8e8;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #e8e8e8;"></span></td> <td style="border: none;"><span style="display: block; width: 6px; height: 8px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; color: transparent; background-color: #e8e8e8;"></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; padding-top: 5px; text-align: right; font-size: 9px;"><a href="/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka" title="Periodická tabuľka">Periodická tabuľka</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border: none; background: #ffffee;"><a href="/wiki/3._peri%C3%B3da" title="3. perióda">3. perióda</a>, <a href="/wiki/17._skupina" class="mw-redirect" title="17. skupina">17. skupina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blok_p" title="Blok p">blok p</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border: none; background: #ffffee;"><a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%A9n" title="Halogén">halogény</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nekov" title="Nekov">nekovy</a> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #ffff99; font-size: 95%;">Vzhľad </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: none;">žltozelený plyn </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-top: none; border-bottom: none;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Chlorine_liquid_in_an_ampoule.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="chlór"><img alt="chlór" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Chlorine_liquid_in_an_ampoule.jpg/270px-Chlorine_liquid_in_an_ampoule.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Chlorine_liquid_in_an_ampoule.jpg/405px-Chlorine_liquid_in_an_ampoule.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Chlorine_liquid_in_an_ampoule.jpg/540px-Chlorine_liquid_in_an_ampoule.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3513" data-file-height="3442" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-top: none; border-bottom: none;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Chlorine_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Emisné spektrá"><img alt="Emisné spektrá" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Chlorine_spectrum_visible.png/270px-Chlorine_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Chlorine_spectrum_visible.png/405px-Chlorine_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Chlorine_spectrum_visible.png/540px-Chlorine_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span><br /><small>Emisné spektrum</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #ffff99; font-size: 95%;">Atómové vlastnosti </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/At%C3%B3mov%C3%A1_hmotnos%C5%A5" title="Atómová hmotnosť">Atómová hmotnosť</a> </td> <td>35,453&#160;g·mol<sup>&#8722;1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektr%C3%B3nov%C3%A1_konfigur%C3%A1cia" title="Elektrónová konfigurácia">Elektrónová konfigurácia</a> </td> <td>&#91;Ne&#93;&#160;3s<sup>2</sup>&#160;3p<sup>5</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/At%C3%B3mov%C3%BD_polomer" title="Atómový polomer">Atómový polomer</a> </td> <td>100&#160;pm&#160;<small>(vyp.:&#160;79&#160;pm)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kovalentn%C3%BD_polomer" title="Kovalentný polomer">Kovalentný polomer</a> </td> <td>102&#160;pm </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waalsov_polomer" title="Van der Waalsov polomer">Van der Waalsov pol.</a> </td> <td>175&#160;pm </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=I%C3%B3nov%C3%BD_polomer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Iónový polomer (stránka neexistuje)">Iónový polomer</a><br />pre: Cl<sup>-</sup> </td> <td>181&#160;pm </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #ffff99; font-size: 95%;">Chemické vlastnosti </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronegativita" title="Elektronegativita">Elektronegativita</a> </td> <td>3,16&#160;<small>(podľa Paulinga)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ioniza%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_energia" title="Ionizačná energia">Ionizačná energia(e)</a> </td> <td>1: 1&#160;251,2&#160;kJ.mol<sup>&#8722;1</sup><br />2: 2&#160;298&#160;kJ.mol<sup>&#8722;1</sup><br />3: 3&#160;822&#160;kJ.mol<sup>&#8722;1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%A9_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo" title="Oxidačné číslo">Oxidačné číslo(a)</a> </td> <td><b>-I</b>, I, III, V, VII </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0tandardn%C3%BD_elektr%C3%B3dov%C3%BD_potenci%C3%A1l" title="Štandardný elektródový potenciál">Št. potenciál</a><br />(Cl<sub>2</sub>/Cl<sup>-</sup>) </td> <td>1,3595&#160;V </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #ffff99; font-size: 95%;">Fyzikálne vlastnosti <small>(za <a href="/wiki/Norm%C3%A1lne_podmienky" title="Normálne podmienky">norm. podmienok</a>)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Skupenstvo" title="Skupenstvo">Skupenstvo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plyn" title="Plyn">plynné</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hustota_(objemov%C3%A1_hmotnos%C5%A5)" title="Hustota (objemová hmotnosť)">Hustota</a> </td> <td>0,0032&#160;kg·dm<sup>&#8722;3</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hustota kvapaliny<br /><small>(pri 171,6&#160;K)</small> </td> <td>1,5625&#160;kg·dm<sup>&#8722;3</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Teplota_topenia" title="Teplota topenia">Teplota topenia</a> </td> <td>171,6&#160;K&#160;<small>(−101,55&#160;°C)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Teplota_varu" title="Teplota varu">Teplota varu</a> </td> <td>239,11&#160;K&#160;<small>(−34,04&#160;°C)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kritick%C3%BD_bod" title="Kritický bod">Kritický bod</a> </td> <td>416,9&#160;K; 7,991&#160;MPa </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Skupensk%C3%A9_teplo_topenia" title="Skupenské teplo topenia">Sk. teplo topenia</a> </td> <td>6,406&#160;kJ·mol<sup>&#8722;1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Skupensk%C3%A9_teplo_varu" title="Skupenské teplo varu">Sk. teplo varu</a> </td> <td>20,41&#160;kJ·mol<sup>&#8722;1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mern%C3%A1_tepeln%C3%A1_kapacita" class="mw-redirect" title="Merná tepelná kapacita">Tepelná kapacita</a> </td> <td>33,949&#160;J·mol<sup>&#8722;1</sup>·K<sup>&#8722;1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0; text-align: center; width: 100%;"> <caption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tlak_pary&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tlak pary (stránka neexistuje)">Tlak pary</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>p(Pa) </th> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>100</td> <td>1 k</td> <td>10 k</td> <td>100 k </td></tr> <tr> <th>pri T(K) </th> <td>128</td> <td>139</td> <td>153</td> <td>170</td> <td>197</td> <td>239 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #ffff99; font-size: 95%;">Iné </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kry%C5%A1t%C3%A1lov%C3%A1_s%C3%BAstava" title="Kryštálová sústava">Kryštálová sústava</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rombick%C3%A1_s%C3%BAstava" title="Rombická sústava">rombická</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Magnetizmus" title="Magnetizmus">Magnetizmus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diamagnetizmus" title="Diamagnetizmus">diamagnetický</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektrick%C3%BD_odpor" title="Elektrický odpor">Elektrický odpor</a> </td> <td>10x10<sup>3</sup>&#160;nΩ·m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BA%C4%8Dinite%C4%BE_tepelnej_vodivosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Súčiniteľ tepelnej vodivosti">Tep. vodivosť</a> </td> <td>8,9x10<sup>−3</sup>&#160;W·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BDchlos%C5%A5_zvuku" title="Rýchlosť zvuku">Rýchl. zvuku</a> </td> <td>206&#160;m·s<sup>−1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Registra%C4%8Dn%C3%A9_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo_CAS" title="Registračné číslo CAS">Reg. číslo CAS</a> </td> <td>7782-50-5 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #ffff99; font-size: 95%;"><a href="/wiki/Izotop" title="Izotop">Izotop</a>(y) (vybrané) </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table class="wikitable" style="background: transparent; margin: 0; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="20%">Izotop </th> <th width="16%">Výskyt </th> <th width="25%"><a href="/wiki/Pol%C4%8Das_premeny" title="Polčas premeny">t<sub>1/2</sub></a> </th> <th width="12%"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dioakt%C3%ADvny_rozpad" title="Rádioaktívny rozpad">Rr</a> </th> <th width="15%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Energia_rozpadu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Energia rozpadu (stránka neexistuje)">Er</a> <small>(MeV)</small> </th> <th width="12%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Produkt_rozpadu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Produkt rozpadu (stránka neexistuje)">Pr</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background-color: #e0eeee;"> <td align="left"><sup>35</sup>Cl </td> <td align="right">75,77&#160;% </td> <td colspan="4" align="left">stabilný s 18 neutrónmi </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: #fffacd;"> <td align="left"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Radioactive.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/16px-Radioactive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/24px-Radioactive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Radioactive.svg/32px-Radioactive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="446" /></a></span>&#160;<sup>36</sup>Cl </td> <td align="right">stopy </td> <td align="right">3,01x10<sup>5</sup>&#160;r. </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Beta_rozpad" title="Beta rozpad">β<sup>-</sup></a> </td> <td align="right">0,709 </td> <td align="left"><sup>36</sup><a href="/wiki/Arg%C3%B3n" title="Argón">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: #fffacd;"> <td align="left"> </td> <td align="right">synt. </td> <td align="right">&#160; </td> <td align="left"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%A1chyt_elektr%C3%B3nu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Záchyt elektrónu (stránka neexistuje)">ε</a> </td> <td align="right">- </td> <td align="left"><sup>36</sup><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADra" title="Síra">S</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color: #e0eeee;"> <td align="left"><sup>37</sup>Cl </td> <td align="right">24,23&#160;% </td> <td colspan="4" align="left">stabilný s 20 neutrónmi </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color: #ffe;"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><small>&#160;Commons ponúka multimediálny obsah na tému <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chlorine" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chlorine">chlór</a>.</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" title="Portál, ktorého súčasťou je táto stránka" style="text-align:center; border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><div style="border: solid #aaa 1px; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 0ex 1ex; display:inline-table; padding: 0ex 0.05ex; border-style:none; background:transparent;" title="Portál, ktorého súčasťou je táto stránka"> <table style="margin: 0; padding: 0ex"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;margin: 0;border:none;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;border:none;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Ch%C3%A9mia" title="Chemický portál"><img alt="Chemický portál" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Chemistrylogo.png/18px-Chemistrylogo.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Chemistrylogo.png/27px-Chemistrylogo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Chemistrylogo.png/36px-Chemistrylogo.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></a></span>&#8194;<a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Ch%C3%A9mia" title="Portál:Chémia">Chemický portál</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chlór</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin%C4%8Dina" title="Latinčina">lat.</a> <span style="cursor:help" lang="la" dir="ltr" title="latinsky">chlorum</span>) je <a href="/wiki/Chemick%C3%BD_prvok" title="Chemický prvok">chemický prvok</a>, ktorý má značku Cl a <a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%B3nov%C3%A9_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo" title="Protónové číslo">protónové číslo</a> 17. V <a href="/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka_prvkov" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodická tabuľka prvkov">periodickej tabuľke</a> sa zaraďuje medzi <a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%A9n" title="Halogén">halogény</a>. </p><p>Je toxický, za <a href="/wiki/Norm%C3%A1lne_podmienky" title="Normálne podmienky">normálnych podmienok</a> žltozelený <a href="/wiki/Plyn" title="Plyn">plyn</a> s charakteristickým zápachom<sup id="cite_ref-Housecroft,_Sharpe_–_Inorganic_Chemistry_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Housecroft,_Sharpe_–_Inorganic_Chemistry-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, ktorý sa ochotne zlučuje s väčšinou prvkov <a href="/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka" title="Periodická tabuľka">periodickej tabuľky</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Elektr%C3%B3nov%C3%A1_konfigur%C3%A1cia" title="Elektrónová konfigurácia">Elektrónová konfigurácia</a> chlóru je [<a href="/wiki/Ne%C3%B3n" title="Neón">Ne</a>] 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>5</sup> a v zlúčeninách nadobúda <a href="/wiki/Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%A9_%C4%8D%C3%ADslo" title="Oxidačné číslo">oxidačné čísla</a> od -I až po +VII<sup id="cite_ref-Muck_–_Základy_strukturní_anorganické_chemie_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muck_–_Základy_strukturní_anorganické_chemie-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Priemyselne sa využíva ako <a href="/wiki/Oxida%C4%8Dn%C3%A9_%C4%8Dinidlo" title="Oxidačné činidlo">oxidačné činidlo</a>, na dezinfekciu <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vody</a> a ako bieliace činidlo. Taktiež zlúčeniny chlóru majú široké priemyselné využitie<sup id="cite_ref-King_–_Encyclopedia_of_Inorganic_Chemistry_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King_–_Encyclopedia_of_Inorganic_Chemistry-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="História"><span id="Hist.C3.B3ria"></span>História</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Upraviť sekciu: História" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce História"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:CWScheele.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/CWScheele.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="236" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="179" data-file-height="236" /></a><figcaption>Carl Wilhelm Scheele, objaviteľ chlóru</figcaption></figure> <p>Najbežnejšia zlúčenina chlóru&#160;–&#160;<a href="/wiki/Chlorid_sodn%C3%BD" title="Chlorid sodný">kamenná soľ</a> je známa od <a href="/wiki/Starovek" title="Starovek">staroveku</a> a v <a href="/wiki/Starovek%C3%BD_R%C3%ADm" title="Staroveký Rím">starovekom Ríme</a> bola dokonca občas aj súčasťou výplaty žoldu. Rovnako sú o soli zmienky v aj <a href="/wiki/Biblia" title="Biblia">Biblii</a><sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. V <a href="/wiki/Stredovek" title="Stredovek">stredoveku</a>, približne od <a href="/wiki/13._storo%C4%8Die" title="13. storočie">13. storočia</a> bola <a href="/wiki/Alch%C3%BDmia" title="Alchýmia">alchymistom</a> známa <i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BA%C4%8Davka_kr%C3%A1%C4%BEovsk%C3%A1" title="Lúčavka kráľovská">aqua regia</a></i>, zmes <a href="/wiki/Kyselina_chlorovod%C3%ADkov%C3%A1" title="Kyselina chlorovodíková">kyseliny chlorovodíkovej</a> a <a href="/wiki/Kyselina_dusi%C4%8Dn%C3%A1" title="Kyselina dusičná">dusičnej</a>, ktorá sa používala na rozpúšťanie <a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">zlata</a><sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Samotnú koncentrovanú kyselinu chlorovodíkovú pripravil v roku <a href="/wiki/1648" title="1648">1648</a> nemecký chemik <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Rudolf_Glauber&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Rudolf Glauber (stránka neexistuje)">Johann Rudolf Glauber</a> zahrievaním hydratovaného <a href="/wiki/Chlorid_zino%C4%8Dnat%C3%BD" title="Chlorid zinočnatý">chloridu zinočnatého</a> a príprava elementárneho chlóru sa podarila v roku <a href="/wiki/1774" title="1774">1774</a> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wilhelm_Scheele" title="Carl Wilhelm Scheele">Carlovi Wilhelmovi Scheelemu</a> <a href="/wiki/Oxid%C3%A1cia" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidácia">oxidáciou</a> chloridu sodného <a href="/wiki/Oxid_mangani%C4%8Dit%C3%BD" title="Oxid manganičitý">oxidom manganičitým</a> v kyslom prostredí<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> podľa rovnice: </p> <dl><dd>4&#160;NaCl + 2&#160;H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + MnO<sub>2</sub> → 2&#160;Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + MnCl<sub>2</sub> + 2&#160;H<sub>2</sub>O + Cl<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <p>Scheele však veril, že pripravil len ďalšiu zlúčeninu, za nový chemický prvok ho prehlásil až sir <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> v <a href="/wiki/1811" title="1811">1811</a> a súčasne ho aj pomenoval podľa charakteristickej farby&#160;–&#160;zo <a href="/wiki/Starogr%C3%A9%C4%8Dtina" title="Starogréčtina">starogr.</a> <span style="cursor:help" lang="grc" dir="ltr" title="starogrécky, koiné, stredogrécky (do 1453)">χλωρος</span>&#32;–&#32;žltozelený<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Chlór mal využitie hlavne ako bieliace činidlo, už samotný Scheele objavil jeho bieliace účinky a prvý prípravok na bielenie pod názvom <i>eau de Javel</i> uviedol <a href="/wiki/Claude-Louis_Berthollet" title="Claude-Louis Berthollet">Berthollet</a> v <a href="/wiki/1785" title="1785">1785</a>. Bol to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3rnan_draseln%C3%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlórnan draselný (stránka neexistuje)">chlórnan draselný</a>, pripravený zavádzaním plynného chlóru do roztoku <a href="/wiki/Hydroxid_draseln%C3%BD" title="Hydroxid draselný">hydroxidu draselného</a><sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <dl><dd>2&#160;KOH + Cl<sub>2</sub> → KCl + KClO + H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl> <p>V roku <a href="/wiki/1801" title="1801">1801</a> odporučil <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Cruickshank&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Cruickshank (stránka neexistuje)">William Cruickshank</a> používať chlórovú vodu ako dezinfekčný prostriedok v nemocniciach, čo sa ukázalo byť účinným pri epidémii <a href="/wiki/Cholera" title="Cholera">cholery</a> v <a href="/wiki/1831" title="1831">1831</a> a <a href="/wiki/Ign%C3%A1c_Filip_Semmelweis" title="Ignác Filip Semmelweis">Ignác Filip Semmelweis</a> vo <a href="/wiki/Viede%C5%88" title="Viedeň">viedenskej</a> a neskôr v <a href="/wiki/Pe%C5%A1%C5%A5" title="Pešť">peštianskej</a> nemocnici nariadenou dezinfekciou rúk medikov a doktorov chlórovým vápnom takmer úplne potlačil dovtedy bežnú <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hor%C3%BA%C4%8Dka_%C5%A1estonedie%C4%BEok&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Horúčka šestonedieľok (stránka neexistuje)">horúčku šestonedieľok</a><sup id="cite_ref-magistra_historia_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magistra_historia-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>V <a href="/wiki/Prv%C3%A1_svetov%C3%A1_vojna" title="Prvá svetová vojna">prvej svetovej vojne</a> bol chlór použitý ako chemická zbraň. <a href="/wiki/22._apr%C3%ADl" title="22. apríl">22. apríla</a> <a href="/wiki/1915" title="1915">1915</a> začala nemecká armáda ofenzívu pri <a href="/wiki/Belgicko" title="Belgicko">belgickom</a> meste <a href="/wiki/Ieper" title="Ieper">Ypres</a>, známu ako <a href="/w/index.php?title=Druh%C3%A1_bitka_o_Ypres&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Druhá bitka o Ypres (stránka neexistuje)">Druhá bitka o Ypres</a>. Po intenzívnej delostreleckej príprave však boli namiesto klasického útoku pechoty použité kanistre s chlórom, ktorý sa v podobe žltozeleného mraku rozšíril v zákopoch a vo francúzskych radoch, nevybavených plynovými maskami, vyvolal paniku spojenú s ústupom z pozícií. Po tomto útoku sa chlór, resp. iné dusivé a dráždivé látky ako <a href="/wiki/Fosg%C3%A9n" title="Fosgén">fosgén</a> a <a href="/wiki/Yperit" title="Yperit">yperit</a> začali používať na oboch stranách frontu až do skončenia vojny<sup id="cite_ref-history_net_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_net-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vlastnosti">Vlastnosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Upraviť sekciu: Vlastnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Vlastnosti"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Chlorine-unit-cell-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Chlorine-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/220px-Chlorine-unit-cell-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Chlorine-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/330px-Chlorine-unit-cell-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Chlorine-unit-cell-3D-balls.png/440px-Chlorine-unit-cell-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="852" data-file-height="1100" /></a><figcaption>Model usporiadania molekúl Cl<sub>2</sub> v tuhej fáze.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fyzikálne_vlastnosti"><span id="Fyzik.C3.A1lne_vlastnosti"></span>Fyzikálne vlastnosti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Upraviť sekciu: Fyzikálne vlastnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Fyzikálne vlastnosti"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chlór je za <a href="/wiki/Norm%C3%A1lne_podmienky" title="Normálne podmienky">normálnych podmienok</a> plyn žltozelenej farby, tvorený dvojatómovými molekulami Cl<sub>2</sub> viazanými <a href="/wiki/Kovalentn%C3%A1_v%C3%A4zba" title="Kovalentná väzba">kovalentnou väzbou</a> so zdieľaným <a href="/wiki/Elektr%C3%B3nov%C3%BD_p%C3%A1r" title="Elektrónový pár">elektrónovým párom</a><sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Physical_Science_an_Technology_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Physical_Science_an_Technology-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Vzdialenosť väzby Cl-Cl je 198 pm, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Disocia%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_energia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Disociačná energia (stránka neexistuje)">disociačná energia</a> 242,58 kJ/mol (dokonca vyššia ako pri <a href="/wiki/Flu%C3%B3r" title="Fluór">fluóre</a>, čo sa vysvetľuje odpudzovaním voľných elektrónových párov na π orbitáloch<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Physical_Science_an_Technology_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Physical_Science_an_Technology-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>). Molekulami Cl<sub>2</sub> je tvorená aj <a href="/wiki/Kvapalina" title="Kvapalina">kvapalná</a> a <a href="/wiki/Pevn%C3%A1_l%C3%A1tka" title="Pevná látka">tuhá</a> fáza. Chlór kryštalizuje v <a href="/wiki/Rombick%C3%A1_s%C3%BAstava" title="Rombická sústava">rombickej sústave</a>, tvorí vrstevnaté kryštály a je izoštruktúrny s brómom a jódom<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Molekuly v kryštáli sú viazané len slabými <a href="/wiki/Chemick%C3%A1_v%C3%A4zba#Van_der_Waalsove_sily" title="Chemická väzba">van der Waalsovými silami</a> z toho vyplýva nízka teplota topenia, a prakticky žiadna elektrická vodivosť<sup id="cite_ref-Muck_–_Základy_strukturní_anorganické_chemie_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muck_–_Základy_strukturní_anorganické_chemie-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Molekula Cl<sub>2</sub> je nepolárna, takže sa dobre rozpúšťa v nepolárnych rozpúšťadlách ako <a href="/wiki/Tetrachl%C3%B3rmet%C3%A1n" title="Tetrachlórmetán">tetrachlórmetán</a>, alebo <a href="/wiki/Trichl%C3%B3rmet%C3%A1n" title="Trichlórmetán">chloroform</a>. Vo vode sa rozpúšťa slabo&#160;–&#160;na 1 dm<sup>3</sup> vody sa pri 20&#160;°C rozpustí 2,3 dm<sup>3</sup> chlóru, pričom s vodou reaguje podľa rovnice: </p> <dl><dd>Cl<sub>2</sub> + 2&#160;H<sub>2</sub>O ↔ HClO + H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> + Cl<sup>-</sup></dd></dl> <p>Vzniknutý roztok sa nazýva <i>chlórová voda</i>. Pri zavádzaní do vody s teplotou 0&#160;°C sa vylučujú žltozelené <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klatr%C3%A1t&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Klatrát (stránka neexistuje)">klatrátové</a> kryštály<sup id="cite_ref-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> so vzorcom Cl<sub>2</sub>·7,3H<sub>2</sub>O<sup id="cite_ref-King_–_Encyclopedia_of_Inorganic_Chemistry_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King_–_Encyclopedia_of_Inorganic_Chemistry-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemické_vlastnosti"><span id="Chemick.C3.A9_vlastnosti"></span>Chemické vlastnosti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Upraviť sekciu: Chemické vlastnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Chemické vlastnosti"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chlór je veľmi reaktívny prvok, priamo sa zlučuje s väčšinou prvkov periodickej tabuľky. S <a href="/wiki/Vod%C3%ADk" title="Vodík">vodíkom</a> reaguje za vzniku <a href="/wiki/Chlorovod%C3%ADk" title="Chlorovodík">chlorovodíka</a>, reakcia je <a href="/wiki/Katal%C3%BDza" title="Katalýza">katalyzovaná</a> svetlom. Rovnako odoberá vodík z <a href="/wiki/Uh%C4%BEovod%C3%ADk" title="Uhľovodík">uhľovodíkov</a>, až napokon ostáva iba elementárny <a href="/wiki/Uhl%C3%ADk" title="Uhlík">uhlík</a>. Viaceré prvky sa v chlóre <a href="/wiki/Horenie" title="Horenie">spaľujú</a> (napr. <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosfor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antim%C3%B3n" title="Antimón">antimón</a>, niektoré <a href="/wiki/Kov" title="Kov">kovy</a>). Reakciu <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%8F" title="Meď">medi</a>, resp. <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelezo" title="Železo">železa</a> iniciujú už stopové množstvá <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vody</a>, v suchom stave tieto prvky s chlórom nereagujú<sup id="cite_ref-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Spôsob_väzby"><span id="Sp.C3.B4sob_v.C3.A4zby"></span>Spôsob väzby</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Upraviť sekciu: Spôsob väzby" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Spôsob väzby"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Elektrónová konfigurácia chlóru je [Ne]3s<sup>2</sup>3p<sup>5</sup>, do zaplnenia <a href="/wiki/Valen%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_vrstva" title="Valenčná vrstva">valenčnej vrstvy</a> a teda dosiahnutia konfigurácie najbližšieho <a href="/wiki/Vz%C3%A1cny_plyn" title="Vzácny plyn">vzácneho plynu</a> <a href="/wiki/Arg%C3%B3n" title="Argón">argónu</a> mu chýba iba jeden elektrón. To predurčuje jeho chemické vlastnosti&#160;–&#160;vysokú hodnotu <a href="/wiki/Elektronegativita" title="Elektronegativita">elektronegativity</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektr%C3%B3nov%C3%A1_afinita&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrónová afinita (stránka neexistuje)">elektrónovej afinity</a><sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Elektronegativita je po fluóre a <a href="/wiki/Kysl%C3%ADk" title="Kyslík">kyslíku</a> tretia najvyššia spomedzi prvkov a afinita je dokonca vyššia ako pri fluóre (opať je príčinou silnejšie odpudzovanie pristupujúceho elektrónu do kompaktnej valenčnej vrstvy fluóru<sup id="cite_ref-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>). Maximálne oxidačné číslo chlóru je VII, v kladnom oxidačnom stupni sa vyskytuje len v zlúčeninách s elektronegatívnejšími prvkami, teda s fluórom a kyslíkom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izotopy">Izotopy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Upraviť sekciu: Izotopy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Izotopy"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chlór sa v prírode nachádza v dvoch izotopoch <sup>35</sup>Cl a <sup>37</sup>Cl. Oba sú stabilné, pričom 75,77&#160;% prírodného chlóru pripadá na izotop <sup>35</sup>Cl a zvyšok, t.&#160;j. 24,23&#160;%, izotopu <sup>37</sup>Cl<sup id="cite_ref-Choppin_–_Radiochemistry_and_Nuclear_Chemistry_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Choppin_–_Radiochemistry_and_Nuclear_Chemistry-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Najstabilnejším rádioaktívnym izotopom je <sup>36</sup>Cl s polčasom rozpadu 3,01·10<sup>5</sup> roka a v laboratóriách sa používa aj <sup>38</sup>Cl s polčasom rozpadu 37,1 min<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Výskyt_v_prírode"><span id="V.C3.BDskyt_v_pr.C3.ADrode"></span>Výskyt v prírode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Upraviť sekciu: Výskyt v prírode" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Výskyt v prírode"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na <a href="/wiki/Zem" title="Zem">Zemi</a> sa chlór vďaka svojej reaktívnosti nachádza iba vo forme zlúčenín v oxidačnom stupni -I, väčšinou rozpustných vo vode. Celkové zastúpenie chlóru v <a href="/wiki/Zemsk%C3%A1_k%C3%B4ra" title="Zemská kôra">zemskej kôre</a> je 126 ppm, v oceánoch a moriach je koncentrácia <a href="/wiki/Chlorid" title="Chlorid">chloridových</a> <a href="/wiki/I%C3%B3n_(%C4%8Dastica)" title="Ión (častica)">iónov</a> 1,9&#160;%. Menšie množstvá chloridov, aj keď s oveľa vyššími koncentráciami, sa nachádzajú vo vnútrozemských slaných jazerách (napr. v <a href="/wiki/M%C5%95tve_more" title="Mŕtve more">Mŕtvom mori</a> je koncentrácia chloridov cca 24&#160;%)<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Medzi najbežnejšie minerály chlóru patria <a href="/wiki/Halit" title="Halit">halit</a> (kamenná soľ&#160;–&#160;NaCl), <a href="/wiki/Sylv%C3%ADn" class="mw-redirect" title="Sylvín">sylvín</a> (KCl), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carnallit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Carnallit (stránka neexistuje)">carnallit</a> (KMgCl<sub>3</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O) a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kainit&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kainit (stránka neexistuje)">kainit</a> (MgSO<sub>4</sub>·KCl·3H<sub>2</sub>O)<sup id="cite_ref-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, ktoré vznikli odparením slaných vôd v minulosti Zeme a často sú sprevádzané aj inými, vo vode rozpustnými minerálmi<sup id="cite_ref-geologická_encyklopedie_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geologická_encyklopedie-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Významné ložiská kamennej soli v Európe sa nachádzajú v <a href="/wiki/Po%C4%BEsko" title="Poľsko">Poľsku</a> pri <i>Bochni</i> a <i>Veličke</i>, v <a href="/wiki/Rumunsko" title="Rumunsko">Rumunsku</a> pri <i>Slaníku</i>, v <a href="/wiki/Rak%C3%BAsko" title="Rakúsko">Rakúsku</a> v <i>Soľnej komore</i> pri <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburgu</a>, v <a href="/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko">Rusku</a> pri <a href="/w/index.php?title=Astrachansk%C3%A9_jazer%C3%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Astrachanské jazerá (stránka neexistuje)">Astrachanských jazerách</a>. </p><p>Na <a href="/wiki/Slovensko" title="Slovensko">Slovensku</a> sa kamenná soľ nachádza v <a href="/wiki/Solivar_(Pre%C5%A1ov)" title="Solivar (Prešov)">Solivare</a> pri <a href="/wiki/Pre%C5%A1ov" title="Prešov">Prešove</a>, v <a href="/wiki/Zbudza" title="Zbudza">Zbudzi</a> a <a href="/wiki/Zalu%C5%BEice" title="Zalužice">Zalužiciach</a> pri <a href="/wiki/Michalovce" title="Michalovce">Michalovciach</a> a v obci <a href="/wiki/So%C4%BE_(okres_Vranov_nad_Top%C4%BEou)" title="Soľ (okres Vranov nad Topľou)">Soľ</a> v okrese <a href="/wiki/Vranov_nad_Top%C4%BEou_(okres)" title="Vranov nad Topľou (okres)">Vranov nad Topľou</a><sup id="cite_ref-Minerály_a_horniny_Slovenska_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minerály_a_horniny_Slovenska-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Všetky slovenské ložiská sú <a href="/wiki/Terci%C3%A9r" title="Terciér">treťohorného</a> pôvodu<sup id="cite_ref-Koděra_–_Topografická_mineralógia_Slovenska_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koděra_–_Topografická_mineralógia_Slovenska-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. V Solivare sa soľ ťažila už od <a href="/wiki/15._storo%C4%8Die" title="15. storočie">15. storočia</a>, najskôr banským spôsobom a neskôr, keď v roku <a href="/wiki/1752" title="1752">1752</a> došlo k zatopeniu baní, sa ťažila už len <a href="/wiki/So%C4%BEanka_(ch%C3%A9mia)" title="Soľanka (chémia)">soľanka</a><sup id="cite_ref-Koděra_–_Topografická_mineralógia_Slovenska_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koděra_–_Topografická_mineralógia_Slovenska-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. V súčasnosti je komplex objektov na čerpanie a varenie soli (šachta Leopold, varňa, sklad soli, kováčske dielne a klopačka) národná kultúrna pamiatka a patrí medzi najvýznamnejšie technické pamiatky na Slovensku. V priestoroch varne je od roku <a href="/wiki/2001" title="2001">2001</a> zriadená expozícia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slovensk%C3%A1_technick%C3%A9_m%C3%BAzeum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Slovenská technické múzeum (stránka neexistuje)">Slovenského technického múzea</a> pod názvom <i>Dejiny ťažby a výroby soli v Solivare</i><sup id="cite_ref-Slovenské_technické_múzeum_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slovenské_technické_múzeum-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zlúčeniny"><span id="Zl.C3.BA.C4.8Deniny"></span>Zlúčeniny</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Upraviť sekciu: Zlúčeniny" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Zlúčeniny"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chlorovodík"><span id="Chlorovod.C3.ADk"></span>Chlorovodík</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Upraviť sekciu: Chlorovodík" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Chlorovodík"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Hydrochloric_acid_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hydrochloric_acid_05.jpg/220px-Hydrochloric_acid_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Hydrochloric_acid_05.jpg/330px-Hydrochloric_acid_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Hydrochloric_acid_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="332" data-file-height="516" /></a><figcaption>Kyselina chlorovodíková</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Bližšie informácie v článkoch&#58; <a href="/wiki/Chlorovod%C3%ADk" title="Chlorovodík">Chlorovodík</a>&#32;a&#32;<a href="/wiki/Kyselina_chlorovod%C3%ADkov%C3%A1" title="Kyselina chlorovodíková">Kyselina chlorovodíková</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Chlorovodík je bezfarebný plyn s charakteristickým zápachom a s bodom varu −85,1&#160;°C. Je to jedna z najpoužívanejších zlúčenín chlóru tak v priemysle, ako aj v laboratóriách<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Priemyselne sa vyrába priamym spaľovaním vodíka s chlórom, alebo ako vedľajší produkt chlorácie uhľovodíkov. Ďalšie spôsoby prípravy (hlavne v minulosti, ale používané aj v súčasnosti)&#160;–&#160;reakciou chloridu sodného s <a href="/wiki/Kyselina_s%C3%ADrov%C3%A1" title="Kyselina sírová">kyselinou sírovou</a><sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>NaCl + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> → NaHSO<sub>4</sub> + HCl (150&#160;°C)</dd> <dd>NaCl + NaHSO<sub>4</sub> → Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + HCl (540&#160;–&#160;600&#160;°C)</dd></dl> <p>a Hargreavesov proces&#160;–&#160;reakciou chloridu sodného so zmesou <a href="/wiki/Oxid_siri%C4%8Dit%C3%BD" title="Oxid siričitý">oxidu siričitého</a>, vzduchu a vody<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>: </p> <dl><dd>2&#160;NaCl + SO<sub>2</sub> + ½&#160;O<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + 2&#160;HCl (430&#160;–&#160;450&#160;°C)</dd></dl> <p>Chlorovodík sa vo vode veľmi dobre rozpúšťa, koncentrovaný roztok má obsah 40&#160;%HCl (komerčne sa predáva ako 37% roztok) a nazýva sa <a href="/wiki/Kyselina_chlorovod%C3%ADkov%C3%A1" title="Kyselina chlorovodíková">kyselina chlorovodíková</a>. Kyselina chlorovodíková je taktiež široko používaná v priemysle a v zriedenej forme sa vyskytuje aj ako súčasť žalúdočných štiav<sup id="cite_ref-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Zmes kyseliny chlorovodíkovej a dusičnej v pomere 3:1 sa nazýva <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BA%C4%8Davka_kr%C3%A1%C4%BEovsk%C3%A1" title="Lúčavka kráľovská">lúčavka kráľovská</a>. Táto zmes rozpúšťa aj kovy ako <a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">zlato</a> alebo <a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">platina</a> vďaka <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorid_nitrozylu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorid nitrozylu (stránka neexistuje)">chloridu nitrozylu</a> (NOCl), ktorý vzniká reakciou </p> <dl><dd>HNO<sub>3</sub> + 3&#160;HCl ↔ NOCl + Cl<sub>2</sub> + 2&#160;H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chloridy">Chloridy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Upraviť sekciu: Chloridy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Chloridy"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Bližšie informácie v hlavnom článku&#58; <a href="/wiki/Chlorid" title="Chlorid">Chlorid</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Chloridy sú zlúčeniny chlóru s inými, menej elektronegatívnymi prvkami, s výnimkou <a href="/wiki/Vz%C3%A1cny_plyn" title="Vzácny plyn">vzácnych plynov</a>. Väčšinu z nich možno považovať za <a href="/wiki/So%C4%BE_(ch%C3%A9mia)" title="Soľ (chémia)">soli</a> kyseliny chlorovodíkovej. Podľa štruktúry sa delia na: </p> <ul><li><b>Iónové chloridy</b>, v ktorých prevládajú iónové väzby. Ide o chloridy <a href="/wiki/Alkalick%C3%BD_kov" title="Alkalický kov">alkalických kovov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kov_alkalick%C3%BDch_zem%C3%ADn" title="Kov alkalických zemín">kovov alkalických zemín</a>, prvkov <a href="/wiki/3._skupina" title="3. skupina">3. skupiny</a> <a href="/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka" title="Periodická tabuľka">periodickej tabuľky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lantanoid" title="Lantanoid">lantanoidov</a> a <a href="/wiki/Aktinoid" title="Aktinoid">aktinoidov</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Sú to kryštalické látky rozpustné vo vode a ich vodné roztoky dobre vedú <a href="/wiki/Elektrick%C3%BD_pr%C3%BAd_(pohyb_%C4%8Dast%C3%ADc)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektrický prúd (pohyb častíc)">elektrický prúd</a>. Elektrický prúd vedú aj ich taveniny<sup id="cite_ref-King_–_Encyclopedia_of_Inorganic_Chemistry_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King_–_Encyclopedia_of_Inorganic_Chemistry-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><b>Molekulové chloridy</b> sú kovalentné zlúčeniny tvorené individuálnymi molekulami viazanými iba slabými medzimolekulovými silami<sup id="cite_ref-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Väčšinou sú to preto plynné alebo kvapalné látky, pokiaľ sú tuhé, bývajú ľahko prchavé<sup id="cite_ref-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Patria sem chloridy prechodných prvkov vo vyššom oxidačnom stupni, ako TiCl<sub>4</sub>, SnCl<sub>4</sub>, NbCl<sub>5</sub>, chloridy nekovov a polokovov (uhlíka, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3r" title="Bór">bóru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arz%C3%A9n" title="Arzén">arzénu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">fosforu</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADra" title="Síra">síry</a> a pod.).</li> <li><b>Chloridy s polymérnou štruktúrou</b> sú taktiež kovalentné zlúčeniny, ale sa vrstevnantým, reťazcovým, alebo priestorovým usporiadaním. Prevažne sú to chloridy kovov v nižších oxidačných stupňoch, ako FeCl<sub>3</sub>, AlCl<sub>3</sub>, CdCl<sub>2</sub>.</li></ul> <p>Chloridy s kovalentnými väzbami vo vode často <a href="/wiki/Hydrol%C3%BDza" title="Hydrolýza">hydrolyzujú</a>. </p> <dl><dd>BCl<sub>3</sub> + 3&#160;H<sub>2</sub>O → H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub> + 3&#160;HCl</dd> <dd>TiCl<sub>4</sub> + 2&#160;H<sub>2</sub>O → TiO<sub>2</sub> + 4&#160;HCl</dd></dl> <p>Taktiež pri niektorých kovoch chloridový anión vystupuje ako <a href="/wiki/Ligand" class="mw-disambig" title="Ligand">ligand</a> a vytvára komplexné polychloridové ióny<sup id="cite_ref-King_–_Encyclopedia_of_Inorganic_Chemistry_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King_–_Encyclopedia_of_Inorganic_Chemistry-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd>SbCl<sub>5</sub> + Cl<sup>-</sup> → [SbCl<sub>6</sub>]<sup>-</sup></dd></dl> <p>Chloridy sa pripravujú: </p> <ul><li>priamou syntézou z prvkov</li></ul> <dl><dd>Fe + 3&#160;Cl<sub>2</sub> → 2&#160;FeCl<sub>3</sub></dd></dl> <ul><li>rozpúšťaním prvku v kyseline chlorovodíkovej</li></ul> <dl><dd>Zn + 2&#160;HCl → ZnCl<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <ul><li>reakciou oxidov, alebo hydroxidov kovov sa kyselinou chlorovodíkovou</li></ul> <dl><dd>KOH + HCl → KCl + H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl> <ul><li>reakciou kyseliny chlorovodíkovej alebo rozpustného chloridu so soľou prvku, ktorej chlorid je nerozpustný</li></ul> <dl><dd>AgNO<sub>3</sub> + NaCl → NaNO<sub>3</sub> + AgCl</dd></dl> <ul><li>zahrievaním oxidov s uhlíkom v prúde chlóru</li></ul> <dl><dd>SiO<sub>2</sub> + 2&#160;C + 2&#160;Cl<sub>2</sub> → SiCl<sub>4</sub> + 2&#160;CO</dd></dl> <ul><li>zahrievaním oxidov v zmesi chloridu sírneho a chlóru (hlavne oxidy lantanoidov)</li></ul> <dl><dd>4&#160;Lu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + 3&#160;S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> + 9&#160;Cl<sub>2</sub> → 8&#160;LuCl<sub>3</sub> + 6&#160;SO<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <p>Polychloridový anión Cl<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> sa dá pripraviť zavádzaním chlóru do koncentrovaných roztokov chloridov a je oveľa menej stabilný ako známejší trijodidový anión I<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, ktorý vzniká pri rozpúšťaní <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3d" title="Jód">jódu</a> v roztoku <a href="/wiki/Jodid_draseln%C3%BD" title="Jodid draselný">jodidu draselného</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid #dedede; margin: auto; width: 80%;"> <div style="background-color: #dedede; border-bottom: 1px dotted #cdcdcd; padding: 5px;">Vybrané chloridy</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Iodine_monochloride1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chlorid jódny"><img alt="Chlorid jódny" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Iodine_monochloride1.jpg/84px-Iodine_monochloride1.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Iodine_monochloride1.jpg/126px-Iodine_monochloride1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Iodine_monochloride1.jpg/168px-Iodine_monochloride1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="338" data-file-height="481" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorid_j%C3%B3dny&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorid jódny (stránka neexistuje)">Chlorid jódny</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Sodium_chloride_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Chlorid sodný"><img alt="Chlorid sodný" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sodium_chloride_2.JPG/120px-Sodium_chloride_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sodium_chloride_2.JPG/180px-Sodium_chloride_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sodium_chloride_2.JPG/240px-Sodium_chloride_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1031" data-file-height="761" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chlorid_sodn%C3%BD" title="Chlorid sodný">Chlorid sodný</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Halite-t06-185a.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chlorid sodný (halit)"><img alt="Chlorid sodný (halit)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Halite-t06-185a.jpg/120px-Halite-t06-185a.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Halite-t06-185a.jpg/180px-Halite-t06-185a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Halite-t06-185a.jpg/240px-Halite-t06-185a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="539" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chlorid sodný (<a href="/wiki/Halit" title="Halit">halit</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Eisen(II)-chlorid-Tetrahydrat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chlorid železnatý"><img alt="Chlorid železnatý" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Eisen%28II%29-chlorid-Tetrahydrat.jpg/120px-Eisen%28II%29-chlorid-Tetrahydrat.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Eisen%28II%29-chlorid-Tetrahydrat.jpg/180px-Eisen%28II%29-chlorid-Tetrahydrat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Eisen%28II%29-chlorid-Tetrahydrat.jpg/240px-Eisen%28II%29-chlorid-Tetrahydrat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1684" data-file-height="1456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chlorid_%C5%BEeleznat%C3%BD" title="Chlorid železnatý">Chlorid železnatý</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Chlorid_manganat%C3%BD.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Chlorid mangánatý"><img alt="Chlorid mangánatý" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Chlorid_manganat%C3%BD.JPG/120px-Chlorid_manganat%C3%BD.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Chlorid_manganat%C3%BD.JPG/180px-Chlorid_manganat%C3%BD.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Chlorid_manganat%C3%BD.JPG/240px-Chlorid_manganat%C3%BD.JPG 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chlorid_mang%C3%A1nat%C3%BD" title="Chlorid mangánatý">Chlorid mangánatý</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:PtCl2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chlorid platnatý"><img alt="Chlorid platnatý" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PtCl2.jpg/120px-PtCl2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PtCl2.jpg/180px-PtCl2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PtCl2.jpg/240px-PtCl2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4887" data-file-height="3493" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorid_platnat%C3%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorid platnatý (stránka neexistuje)">Chlorid platnatý</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Chlorid_chromit%C3%BD.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Chlorid chromitý"><img alt="Chlorid chromitý" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Chlorid_chromit%C3%BD.JPG/120px-Chlorid_chromit%C3%BD.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Chlorid_chromit%C3%BD.JPG/180px-Chlorid_chromit%C3%BD.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Chlorid_chromit%C3%BD.JPG/240px-Chlorid_chromit%C3%BD.JPG 2x" data-file-width="511" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chlorid_chromit%C3%BD" title="Chlorid chromitý">Chlorid chromitý</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:FeCl3_Hydrate.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Chlorid železitý"><img alt="Chlorid železitý" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/FeCl3_Hydrate.JPG/120px-FeCl3_Hydrate.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/FeCl3_Hydrate.JPG/180px-FeCl3_Hydrate.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/FeCl3_Hydrate.JPG/240px-FeCl3_Hydrate.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1064" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chlorid_%C5%BEelezit%C3%BD" title="Chlorid železitý">Chlorid železitý</a></div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oxidy">Oxidy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Upraviť sekciu: Oxidy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Oxidy"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>S kyslíkom tvorí chlór štyri oxidy&#160;–&#160;<a href="/wiki/Oxid_chl%C3%B3rny" title="Oxid chlórny">oxid chlórny</a> (Cl<sub>2</sub>O), <a href="/wiki/Oxid_chlori%C4%8Dit%C3%BD" title="Oxid chloričitý">oxid chloričitý</a> (ClO<sub>2</sub>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxid_chl%C3%B3rov%C3%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxid chlórový (stránka neexistuje)">oxid chlórový</a> (Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>) a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxid_chlorist%C3%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxid chloristý (stránka neexistuje)">oxid chloristý</a> (Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>). Všetky oxidy chlóru sú reaktívne a nestále zlúčeniny, s tendenciou explodovať<sup id="cite_ref-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Oxid chlórny je žltočervený plyn, dobre rozpustný vo vode. Má silne oxidačné účinky a pri zahriatí exploduje. Pripravuje sa reakciou chlóru s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxid_ortutnat%C3%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxid ortutnatý (stránka neexistuje)">oxidom ortutnatým</a> podľa rovnice: </p> <dl><dd>HgO + 2&#160;Cl<sub>2</sub> → Cl<sub>2</sub>O + HgCl<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <p>Oxid chloričitý je za štandardných podmienok taktiež plyn žltozelenej farby (v kvapalnom stave má červenohnedú farbu). Dobre sa rozpúšťa vo vode, roztok sa pôsobením svetla postupne rozkladá na kyselinu chlorovodíkovú a <a href="/wiki/Kyselina_chlore%C4%8Dn%C3%A1" title="Kyselina chlorečná">chlorečnú</a>. Oxid chloričitý je silné oxidačné činidlo, využíva sa pri bielení <a href="/wiki/Buni%C4%8Dina" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Buničina">buničiny</a> a komerčne sa pripravuje reakciou <a href="/wiki/Chlore%C4%8Dnan_sodn%C3%BD" title="Chlorečnan sodný">chlorečnanu sodného</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxid_siri%C4%8Dit%C3%BD" title="Oxid siričitý">oxidu siričitého</a> a kyseliny sírovej<sup id="cite_ref-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Oxid chlórový sa dá pripraviť <a href="/wiki/Oz%C3%B3n" title="Ozón">ozonizáciou</a> oxidu chloričitého. Je to veľmi nestála kvapalina červenej farby, ktorá reaguje explozívne pri styku s organickými látkami, alebo redukčnými činidlami. Oxid chloristý je najstabilnejším oxidom chlóru, napriek tomu však pri náraze môže explodovať. Je to kvapalná látka, s vodou alebo roztokmi hydroxidov reaguje za vzniku <a href="/wiki/Kyselina_chlorist%C3%A1" title="Kyselina chloristá">kyseliny chloristej</a>, čiže sa považuje za jej anhydrid. Rovnako sa aj pripravuje: dehydratáciou kyseliny chloristej <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxid_fosfore%C4%8Dn%C3%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxid fosforečný (stránka neexistuje)">oxidom fosforečným</a><sup id="cite_ref-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>: </p> <dl><dd>4&#160;HClO<sub>4</sub> + P<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub> → 2&#160;Cl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> + 4&#160;HPO<sub>3</sub></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kyslíkaté_kyseliny_chlóru_a_ich_soli"><span id="Kysl.C3.ADkat.C3.A9_kyseliny_chl.C3.B3ru_a_ich_soli"></span>Kyslíkaté kyseliny chlóru a ich soli</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Upraviť sekciu: Kyslíkaté kyseliny chlóru a ich soli" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Kyslíkaté kyseliny chlóru a ich soli"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kyslíkaté kyseliny chlór vytvára taktiež štyri: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyselina_chl%C3%B3rna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyselina chlórna (stránka neexistuje)">kyselinu chlórnu</a> (HClO), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyselina_chlorit%C3%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyselina chloritá (stránka neexistuje)">chloritú</a> (HClO<sub>2</sub>), <a href="/wiki/Kyselina_chlore%C4%8Dn%C3%A1" title="Kyselina chlorečná">chlorečnú</a> (HClO<sub>3</sub>) a <a href="/wiki/Kyselina_chlorist%C3%A1" title="Kyselina chloristá">chloristú</a> (HClO<sub>4</sub>). Všetky kyslíkaté kyseliny existujú iba vo vodnom roztoku a ich sila vzrastá so zvyšujúcim sa oxidačným číslom chlóru, t.&#160;j. najslabšia je kyselina chlórna a najsilnejšia kyselina chloristá. Kyseliny, rovnako ako aj ich soli majú oxidačné účinky<sup id="cite_ref-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Kyselina chlórna sa dá pripraviť zavádzaním plynného chlóru do vody, keď dochádza k disproporcionácii: </p> <dl><dd>Cl<sub>2</sub> + 2&#160;H<sub>2</sub>O ↔ HClO + H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> + Cl<sup>-</sup></dd></dl> <p>prípadne reakciou chlóru so suspenziou oxidu ortutnatého. Soli kyseliny chlórnej sú <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3rnan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlórnan (stránka neexistuje)">chlórnany</a>, dajú sa pripraviť reakciou chlóru s roztokmi hydorxidov, alebo anodickou oxidáciou chloridového iónu pri <a href="/wiki/Elektrol%C3%BDza" title="Elektrolýza">elektrolýze</a> roztokov chloridov. Komerčne používaný a predávaný je roztok <a href="/wiki/Chl%C3%B3rnan_sodn%C3%BD" title="Chlórnan sodný">chlórnanu sodného</a> NaClO, ktorý sa používa na dezinfekciu (aj <a href="/wiki/Voda" title="Voda">vody</a>). Kyselina chloritá taktiež existuje iba v roztoku, dá sa pripraviť napr. zrážacou reakciou <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chloritan_b%C3%A1rnat%C3%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chloritan bárnatý (stránka neexistuje)">chloritanu bárnatého</a> s kyselinou sírovou a následnom odfiltrovaní vyzrážaného <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADran_b%C3%A1rnat%C3%BD" title="Síran bárnatý">síranu bárnatého</a>. Nemá praktický význam, ale jej soli sa používajú ako bieliace činidlá. Získavajú sa reakciou oxidu chloričitého s roztokmi <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A1sada_(ch%C3%A9mia)" title="Zásada (chémia)">zásad</a>: </p> <dl><dd>2&#160;ClO<sub>2</sub> + 2&#160;OH<sup>-</sup> → ClO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> + ClO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> + H<sub>2</sub>O</dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Chloritan" title="Chloritan">Chloritany</a> vznikajú aj disproporcionáciou chlórnanov v kyslom prostredí, reakcia je posunutá doprava vplyvom teploty&#160;–&#160;pri izbovej teplote k rozkladu chlórnanu prakticky nedochádza. </p><p>Kyselina chlorečná je je nestála kvapalina so silno oxidačnými účinkami. Zo solí sú najznámejšie <a href="/wiki/Chlore%C4%8Dnan_sodn%C3%BD" title="Chlorečnan sodný">chlorečnan sodný</a> a <a href="/wiki/Chlore%C4%8Dnan_draseln%C3%BD" title="Chlorečnan draselný">draselný</a>. Sodná soľ je základnou zložkou <a href="/wiki/Herbic%C3%ADd" title="Herbicíd">herbicídu</a> <i>Travex</i>. Okrem toho sa chlorečnany vyznačujú veľmi silnými oxidačnými vlastnosťami a bývajú zložkami pyrotechnických zmesí (bengálske ohne). <a href="/wiki/Kyselina_chlorist%C3%A1" title="Kyselina chloristá">Kyselina chloristá</a> HClO<sub>4</sub> je jednou z najsilnejších kyselín. Vyrába sa zvyčajne termickou disproporcionáciou chlorečnanov na chloristany a následnou destiláciou po okyslení. Komerčne sa distribuuje ako vodný roztok s približne 70% koncentráciou, ktorý je prakticky neobmedzene stály. V zriedených roztokoch sa kyselina chloristá správa iba ako veľmi silná kyselina. V koncentrovanom stave a za tepla je však mimoriadne silným oxidačným prostriedkom. </p><p>Väčšina solí kyseliny chloristej, <a href="/wiki/Chloristan" title="Chloristan">chloristanov</a>, sú zlúčeniny veľmi dobre rozpustné vo vode. Výnimku tvoria <a href="/wiki/Chloristan_draseln%C3%BD" title="Chloristan draselný">chloristan draselný</a> KClO<sub>4</sub>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorisan_rub%C3%ADdny&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorisan rubídny (stránka neexistuje)">rubídny</a> RbClO<sub>4</sub>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chloristan_c%C3%A9zny&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chloristan cézny (stránka neexistuje)">cézny</a> CsClO<sub>4</sub> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chloristan_am%C3%B3nny&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chloristan amónny (stránka neexistuje)">amónny</a> NH<sub>4</sub>ClO<sub>4</sub><sup id="cite_ref-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. V analytickej chémii slúži tento jav na dôkaz alebo separáciu spomenutých katiónov. Chloristan draselný a amónny sú zložky rôznych pyrotechnických zmesí a chloristan amónny je základom pevného paliva raketových motorov, využívajú ich napr. aj americké <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">raketoplány</a>. </p> <div style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid #dedede; margin: auto; width: 80%;"> <div style="background-color: #dedede; border-bottom: 1px dotted #cdcdcd; padding: 5px;">Vybrané oxidy chlóru, oxokyseliny a ich soli</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Chlorine_dioxide_gas_and_solution.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Oxid chloričitý"><img alt="Oxid chloričitý" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Chlorine_dioxide_gas_and_solution.jpg/99px-Chlorine_dioxide_gas_and_solution.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Chlorine_dioxide_gas_and_solution.jpg/148px-Chlorine_dioxide_gas_and_solution.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Chlorine_dioxide_gas_and_solution.jpg/197px-Chlorine_dioxide_gas_and_solution.jpg 2x" data-file-width="291" data-file-height="354" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Oxid_chlori%C4%8Dit%C3%BD" title="Oxid chloričitý">Oxid chloričitý</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Sodium_chlorite_450g.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chloritan sodný"><img alt="Chloritan sodný" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Sodium_chlorite_450g.jpg/90px-Sodium_chlorite_450g.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Sodium_chlorite_450g.jpg/135px-Sodium_chlorite_450g.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Sodium_chlorite_450g.jpg/180px-Sodium_chlorite_450g.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chloritan_sodn%C3%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Chloritan sodný (stránka neexistuje)">Chloritan sodný</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:KClO3_(grobkristallin).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chlorečnan draselný"><img alt="Chlorečnan draselný" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/KClO3_%28grobkristallin%29.jpg/120px-KClO3_%28grobkristallin%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/KClO3_%28grobkristallin%29.jpg/180px-KClO3_%28grobkristallin%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/KClO3_%28grobkristallin%29.jpg/240px-KClO3_%28grobkristallin%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="1444" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chlore%C4%8Dnan_draseln%C3%BD" title="Chlorečnan draselný">Chlorečnan draselný</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Sodium_chlorate_crystals.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Chlorečnan sodný"><img alt="Chlorečnan sodný" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sodium_chlorate_crystals.JPG/120px-Sodium_chlorate_crystals.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sodium_chlorate_crystals.JPG/180px-Sodium_chlorate_crystals.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Sodium_chlorate_crystals.JPG/240px-Sodium_chlorate_crystals.JPG 2x" data-file-width="845" data-file-height="761" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chlore%C4%8Dnan_sodn%C3%BD" title="Chlorečnan sodný">Chlorečnan sodný</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Perchloric_acid_60_percent.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kyselina chloristá"><img alt="Kyselina chloristá" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Perchloric_acid_60_percent.jpg/92px-Perchloric_acid_60_percent.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Perchloric_acid_60_percent.jpg/138px-Perchloric_acid_60_percent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Perchloric_acid_60_percent.jpg/184px-Perchloric_acid_60_percent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kyselina_chlorist%C3%A1" title="Kyselina chloristá">Kyselina chloristá</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Cobalt(II)_perchlorate_hexahydrate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hexahydrát chloristanu kobaltnatého"><img alt="Hexahydrát chloristanu kobaltnatého" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cobalt%28II%29_perchlorate_hexahydrate.jpg/120px-Cobalt%28II%29_perchlorate_hexahydrate.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cobalt%28II%29_perchlorate_hexahydrate.jpg/180px-Cobalt%28II%29_perchlorate_hexahydrate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Cobalt%28II%29_perchlorate_hexahydrate.jpg/240px-Cobalt%28II%29_perchlorate_hexahydrate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1095" data-file-height="799" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hexahydrát chloristanu kobaltnatého</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Copper(II)_perchlorate,_hexahydrate.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hexahydrát chloristanu meďnatého"><img alt="Hexahydrát chloristanu meďnatého" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Copper%28II%29_perchlorate%2C_hexahydrate.jpg/120px-Copper%28II%29_perchlorate%2C_hexahydrate.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Copper%28II%29_perchlorate%2C_hexahydrate.jpg/180px-Copper%28II%29_perchlorate%2C_hexahydrate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Copper%28II%29_perchlorate%2C_hexahydrate.jpg/240px-Copper%28II%29_perchlorate%2C_hexahydrate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1623" data-file-height="1303" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hexahydrát chloristanu meďnatého</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Perclorato_de_Pot%C3%A1ssio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chloristan draselný"><img alt="Chloristan draselný" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Perclorato_de_Pot%C3%A1ssio.jpg/120px-Perclorato_de_Pot%C3%A1ssio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Perclorato_de_Pot%C3%A1ssio.jpg/180px-Perclorato_de_Pot%C3%A1ssio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Perclorato_de_Pot%C3%A1ssio.jpg/240px-Perclorato_de_Pot%C3%A1ssio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="332" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chloristan_draseln%C3%BD" title="Chloristan draselný">Chloristan draselný</a></div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interhalogénové_zlúčeniny"><span id="Interhalog.C3.A9nov.C3.A9_zl.C3.BA.C4.8Deniny"></span>Interhalogénové zlúčeniny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Upraviť sekciu: Interhalogénové zlúčeniny" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Interhalogénové zlúčeniny"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V zlúčeninách s fluórom vystupuje chlór v kladnom oxidačnom stupni, sú známe <a href="/wiki/Fluorid" title="Fluorid">fluoridy</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorid_chl%C3%B3rny&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluorid chlórny (stránka neexistuje)">chlórny</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorid_chlorit%C3%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluorid chloritý (stránka neexistuje)">chloritý</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorid_chlore%C4%8Dn%C3%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluorid chlorečný (stránka neexistuje)">chlorečný</a>. Sú to veľmi reaktívne látky, ochotne sa zlučujúce s mnohými prvkami a zlúčeninami, v prípade organických molekúl často reagujú explozívne<sup id="cite_ref-Shriver-Inorganic_Chemistry_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shriver-Inorganic_Chemistry-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Využívajú sa ako fluoračné činidlá, fluorid chloritý aj pri spracovaní nukleárneho paliva, ako oxidačný agent uránu na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorid_ur%C3%A1nov%C3%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluorid uránový (stránka neexistuje)">fluorid uránový</a>, ktorý sa následne používa na obohatenie uránu o izotop <sup>235</sup>U<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Fluorid chloritý sa pripravuje priamou reakciou daných prvkov pri teplote 200&#160;–&#160;300&#160;°C. Pri nadbytku chlóru sa dá reakciou pripraviť fluorid chlórny a pri nadbytku fluóru naopak fluorid chlorečný<sup id="cite_ref-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Fluorid chlórny je tepelne stály bezfarebný plyn, reaguje s väčšinou kovov aj nekovov už pri izbovej teplote za uvoľnenia chlóru a vzniku fluoridu príslušného prvku<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Florid chloritý je bezfarebná prchavá kvapalina, ktorá reaguje aj s materiálmi, všeobecne považovanými za inertné, ako <a href="/wiki/Azbest" title="Azbest">azbest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bet%C3%B3n" title="Betón">betón</a> a <a href="/wiki/Piesok" title="Piesok">piesok</a>. Rovnako za zvýšenej teploty reaguje aj s prvkami ako <a href="/wiki/Xen%C3%B3n" title="Xenón">xenón</a> a <a href="/wiki/Rad%C3%B3n" title="Radón">radón</a> a nereaktívnymi kovmi ako <a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1dium" title="Paládium">paládium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">platina</a> a <a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">zlato</a><sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Transportuje sa v nádobách z <a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">niklu</a>, nakoľko jeho povrch sa pokrýva kompaktnou vrstvou <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fluorid_nikelnat%C3%BD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fluorid nikelnatý (stránka neexistuje)">fluoridu nikelnatého</a>, ktorá zabraňuje ďalšej oxidácii. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organické_zlúčeniny_chlóru"><span id="Organick.C3.A9_zl.C3.BA.C4.8Deniny_chl.C3.B3ru"></span>Organické zlúčeniny chlóru</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Upraviť sekciu: Organické zlúčeniny chlóru" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Organické zlúčeniny chlóru"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Bližšie informácie v článkoch&#58; <a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%A9nderiv%C3%A1t" title="Halogénderivát">Halogénderivát</a>&#32;a&#32;<a href="/wiki/Halogen%C3%A1cia" title="Halogenácia">Halogenácia</a></i></div></dd></dl> <table class="wikitable" align="right" style="margin:3px;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Vodík</th> <th>Energia väzby </th></tr> <tr> <td>R-C<b>H</b><sub>3</sub></td> <td>420 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>R<sub>2</sub>-C<b>H</b><sub>2</sub></td> <td>401 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>R<sub>3</sub>-C<b>H</b></td> <td>390 kJ/mol </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Chlórderiváty, t.&#160;j. organické zlúčeniny s jedným, alebo viacerými atómami chlóru viazanými na uhlík/y organickej zlúčeniny predstavujú širokú škálu organických zlúčenín, používaných ako <a href="/wiki/Rozp%C3%BA%C5%A1%C5%A5adlo" title="Rozpúšťadlo">rozpúšťadlá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anestetikum" title="Anestetikum">anestetiká</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pestic%C3%ADd" title="Pesticíd">pesticídy</a>, atď. Väzba C–Cl je v dôsledku rozdielu elektonegativít polárna s čiastkovým kladným nábojom na uhlíku a záporným na chlóre. Čo má za následok, že uhlík, na ktorý je chlór naviazaný, sa správa pri reakciách ako <a href="/wiki/Elektrofil" title="Elektrofil">elektrofilná častica</a><sup id="cite_ref-McMurry_–_Organic_Chemistry_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McMurry_–_Organic_Chemistry-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Chlórderiváty sa pripravujú: </p> <ul><li>Priamou <a href="/wiki/Radik%C3%A1lov%C3%A1_substit%C3%BAcia" title="Radikálová substitúcia">reakciou</a> uhľovodíka s chlórom. Reakcia je iniciovaná <a href="/wiki/Ultrafialov%C3%A9_%C5%BEiarenie" title="Ultrafialové žiarenie">UV</a> žiarením, nevýhodou je zlá kontrola priebehu reakcie a široká paleta produktov. Pre vyššie uhľovodíky (počnúc <a href="/wiki/Prop%C3%A1n" title="Propán">propánom</a>) sa dá pozorovať rozdiel v pravdepodobnosti substitúcie na primárnom (R-C<b>H</b><sub>3</sub>), sekundárnom (R<sub>2</sub>-C<b>H</b><sub>2</sub>) alebo terciálnom vodíku (R<sub>3</sub>-C<b>H</b>). Najmenej reaktívne sú primárne vodíky, najviac terciálne. Príčinou je rozdielna energia väzby C-H<sup id="cite_ref-McMurry_–_Organic_Chemistry_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McMurry_–_Organic_Chemistry-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektrofiln%C3%A1_ad%C3%ADcia" title="Elektrofilná adícia">Adíciou</a> chlóru, prípadne chlorovodíka na násobnú väzbu. V prípade adície chlorovodíka na nesymetrický alkén (napr. <a href="/wiki/Prop%C3%A9n" title="Propén">propén</a>) sa chlór viaže podľa <a href="/wiki/Markovnikovovo_pravidlo" title="Markovnikovovo pravidlo">Markovnikovovho pravidla</a> na ten uhlík, kde je menej vodíkov<sup id="cite_ref-McMurry_–_Organic_Chemistry_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McMurry_–_Organic_Chemistry-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Haloformová reakcia&#160;–&#160;reakcia <a href="/wiki/Ket%C3%B3n" title="Ketón">ketónov</a> obsahujúcich metylovú skupinu s chlórom (všeobecne s halogénom) za prítomnosti zásady (<a href="/wiki/Hydroxid_sodn%C3%BD" title="Hydroxid sodný">hydroxid sodný</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-organic-chemistry.org_–_halform_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-organic-chemistry.org_–_halform-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Touto reakciou sa v minulosti priemyselne vyrábal <a href="/wiki/Trichl%C3%B3rmet%C3%A1n" title="Trichlórmetán">chloroform</a>.</li> <li>Reakciou <a href="/wiki/Alkohol_(hydroxyderiv%C3%A1t)" title="Alkohol (hydroxyderivát)">alkoholov</a> s chlorovodíkom za prítomnosti <a href="/wiki/Chlorid_zino%C4%8Dnat%C3%BD" title="Chlorid zinočnatý">chloridu zinočnatého</a>.</li> <li>Reakciou s inými chloračnými činidlami, ako SOCl<sub>2</sub>, PCl<sub>5</sub>, PCl<sub>3</sub><sup id="cite_ref-McMurry_–_Organic_Chemistry_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McMurry_–_Organic_Chemistry-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <p>Chlórderiváty reagujú s <a href="/wiki/Nukleofil" title="Nukleofil">nukleofilnými</a> činidlami, napr s alkoholátmi za vzniku <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ter_(ch%C3%A9mia)" title="Éter (chémia)">éterov</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wurtzova_reakcia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wurtzova reakcia (stránka neexistuje)">Wurtzovou syntézou</a> z dvoch chlóralkánov za prítmonosti kovového sodíka vzniká alkán s počom uhlíkov rovnajúcim sa súčtu uhlíkov reagentov (dôjde k spojeniu reťazcov)<sup id="cite_ref-organic-chemistry.org_–_wurtz_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-organic-chemistry.org_–_wurtz-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. Obdobná reakcia pre aromatizované chlórderiváty je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wurtz-Fittigova_reakcia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wurtz-Fittigova reakcia (stránka neexistuje)">Wurtz-Fittigova reakcia</a>. Dôležité sú aj <a href="/wiki/Grignardovo_%C4%8Dinidlo" title="Grignardovo činidlo">grignardove činidlá</a> (R–MgX, kde X je halogén), slúžiace prípravu sekudárnych, resp. terciálnych alkoholov z ketónov<sup id="cite_ref-organic-chemistry.org_–_grignard_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-organic-chemistry.org_–_grignard-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Viaceré organické zlúčeniny chlóru majú toxické účinky na rastliny, živočíchy aj na človeka. Napr. <a href="/wiki/Dichl%C3%B3rdifenyltrichl%C3%B3ret%C3%A1n" title="Dichlórdifenyltrichlóretán">DDT</a>, masívne používaný <a href="/wiki/Insektic%C3%ADd" title="Insekticíd">insekticíd</a> v <a href="/wiki/50._roky_20._storo%C4%8Dia" title="50. roky 20. storočia">50. rokoch</a> <a href="/wiki/20._storo%C4%8Die" title="20. storočie">20. storočia</a> sa akumuluje v potravinovom reťazci a narúša funkciu <a href="/wiki/Androg%C3%A9n" title="Androgén">androgénnych hormónov</a>. V potravinovom reťazci sa rovnako kumulujú aj <a href="/wiki/Diox%C3%ADn" title="Dioxín">dioxíny</a>, skupina polychlórovaných dibenzo-p-dioxínov a dibenzofuránov, ktorá vzniká ako produkt nedokonalého spaľovania aromatických chlórderivátov a má silné mutagénne účinky. Rozpad väzby C-Cl vo vrchných vrstvách atmosféry, vedúci k vzniku voľných Cl radikálov, viedol k zákazu používania chlór-fluorovaných uhľovodíkov, známych pod komerčným názvom <a href="/wiki/Fre%C3%B3n" title="Freón">freóny</a>, nakoľko radikály Cl následne reagujú s <a href="/wiki/Oz%C3%B3n" title="Ozón">ozónom</a> a narúšajú <a href="/wiki/Oz%C3%B3nov%C3%A1_vrstva" class="mw-redirect" title="Ozónová vrstva">ozónovú vrstvu</a><sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div style="text-align: center; border: 1px solid #dedede; margin: auto; width: 80%;"> <div style="background-color: #dedede; border-bottom: 1px dotted #cdcdcd; padding: 5px;">Vybrané organické zlúčeniny chlóru</div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Bottle_of_chloroform,_United_Kingdom,_1896-1945_Wellcome_L0058271.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="trichlórmetán (chloroform)"><img alt="trichlórmetán (chloroform)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bottle_of_chloroform%2C_United_Kingdom%2C_1896-1945_Wellcome_L0058271.jpg/78px-Bottle_of_chloroform%2C_United_Kingdom%2C_1896-1945_Wellcome_L0058271.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bottle_of_chloroform%2C_United_Kingdom%2C_1896-1945_Wellcome_L0058271.jpg/116px-Bottle_of_chloroform%2C_United_Kingdom%2C_1896-1945_Wellcome_L0058271.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Bottle_of_chloroform%2C_United_Kingdom%2C_1896-1945_Wellcome_L0058271.jpg/155px-Bottle_of_chloroform%2C_United_Kingdom%2C_1896-1945_Wellcome_L0058271.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2730" data-file-height="4215" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Trichl%C3%B3rmet%C3%A1n" title="Trichlórmetán">trichlórmetán</a> (chloroform)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Carbon-tetrachloride-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description" title="tetrachlórmetán (chorid uhličitý)"><img alt="tetrachlórmetán (chorid uhličitý)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Carbon-tetrachloride-3D-balls.png/120px-Carbon-tetrachloride-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Carbon-tetrachloride-3D-balls.png/180px-Carbon-tetrachloride-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Carbon-tetrachloride-3D-balls.png/240px-Carbon-tetrachloride-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1062" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Tetrachl%C3%B3rmet%C3%A1n" title="Tetrachlórmetán">tetrachlórmetán</a> (chorid uhličitý)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Dichlorodifluoromethane-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description" title="dichlórdifluórmetán (freón R12)"><img alt="dichlórdifluórmetán (freón R12)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Dichlorodifluoromethane-3D-balls.png/120px-Dichlorodifluoromethane-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Dichlorodifluoromethane-3D-balls.png/180px-Dichlorodifluoromethane-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Dichlorodifluoromethane-3D-balls.png/240px-Dichlorodifluoromethane-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1015" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dichl%C3%B3rdiflu%C3%B3rmet%C3%A1n&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dichlórdifluórmetán (stránka neexistuje)">dichlórdifluórmetán</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fre%C3%B3n" title="Freón">freón</a> R12)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Vinyl-chloride-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description" title="chlóretén (vinylchlorid)"><img alt="chlóretén (vinylchlorid)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Vinyl-chloride-3D-balls.png/120px-Vinyl-chloride-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Vinyl-chloride-3D-balls.png/180px-Vinyl-chloride-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Vinyl-chloride-3D-balls.png/240px-Vinyl-chloride-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="916" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Vinylchlorid" title="Vinylchlorid">chlóretén</a> (vinylchlorid)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Trichloroacetic_acid_sample.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kyselina trichlóroctová"><img alt="Kyselina trichlóroctová" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Trichloroacetic_acid_sample.jpg/120px-Trichloroacetic_acid_sample.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Trichloroacetic_acid_sample.jpg/180px-Trichloroacetic_acid_sample.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Trichloroacetic_acid_sample.jpg/240px-Trichloroacetic_acid_sample.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1804" data-file-height="1564" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kyselina_trichl%C3%B3roctov%C3%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyselina trichlóroctová (stránka neexistuje)">Kyselina trichlóroctová</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:PCDF_general_structure.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Polychlórované bifenyly (PBC)"><img alt="Polychlórované bifenyly (PBC)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/PCDF_general_structure.svg/120px-PCDF_general_structure.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/PCDF_general_structure.svg/180px-PCDF_general_structure.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/PCDF_general_structure.svg/240px-PCDF_general_structure.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="140" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Polychl%C3%B3rovan%C3%A9_bifenyly" title="Polychlórované bifenyly">Polychlórované bifenyly</a> (PBC)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:DDT-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description" title="dichlórdifenyltrichlóretán (DDT)"><img alt="dichlórdifenyltrichlóretán (DDT)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/DDT-3D-balls.png/120px-DDT-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/DDT-3D-balls.png/180px-DDT-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/DDT-3D-balls.png/240px-DDT-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="785" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dichl%C3%B3rdifenyltrichl%C3%B3ret%C3%A1n" title="Dichlórdifenyltrichlóretán">dichlórdifenyltrichlóretán</a> (DDT)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Sample_of_Chloramphenicol.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2,2-dichlór-N-[(aR,bR)-b-hydroxy-a-hydroxymetyl-4-nitrofenetyl]acetamid (chloramfenikol)"><img alt="2,2-dichlór-N-[(aR,bR)-b-hydroxy-a-hydroxymetyl-4-nitrofenetyl]acetamid (chloramfenikol)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sample_of_Chloramphenicol.jpg/88px-Sample_of_Chloramphenicol.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sample_of_Chloramphenicol.jpg/133px-Sample_of_Chloramphenicol.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Sample_of_Chloramphenicol.jpg/177px-Sample_of_Chloramphenicol.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2442" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2,2-dichlór-N-[(aR,bR)-b-hydroxy-a-hydroxymetyl-4-nitrofenetyl]acetamid (<a href="/wiki/Chloramfenikol" title="Chloramfenikol">chloramfenikol</a>)</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Výroba"><span id="V.C3.BDroba"></span>Výroba</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Upraviť sekciu: Výroba" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Výroba"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Priemyselne sa chlór získava <a href="/wiki/Elektrol%C3%BDza" title="Elektrolýza">elektrolýzou</a> vodného roztoku <a href="/wiki/Chlorid_sodn%C3%BD" title="Chlorid sodný">chloridu sodného</a>, tzv. <a href="/wiki/So%C4%BEanka_(ch%C3%A9mia)" title="Soľanka (chémia)">soľanky</a><sup id="cite_ref-eurochlor.org_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurochlor.org-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>, prípadne elektrolýzou <a href="/wiki/Chlorid_draseln%C3%BD" title="Chlorid draselný">chloridu draselného</a>. Ako vedľajšie produkty elektrolýzy vznikajú <a href="/wiki/Vod%C3%ADk" title="Vodík">vodík</a> a <a href="/wiki/Hydroxid_sodn%C3%BD" title="Hydroxid sodný">hydroxid sodný</a>, resp. <a href="/wiki/Hydroxid_draseln%C3%BD" title="Hydroxid draselný">draselný</a>. Elektrochemické deje sa dajú popísať rovnicami: </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kat%C3%B3da" title="Katóda">Katóda</a>: 2 H<sup>+</sup> (aq) + 2 e<sup>-</sup> → H<sub>2</sub> (g)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/An%C3%B3da" title="Anóda">Anóda</a>: 2 Cl<sup>−</sup> (aq) → Cl<sub>2</sub> (g) + 2 e<sup>−</sup></dd></dl> <p>Všetky produkty sú vysoko reaktívne, preto je potrebné ich oddeliť, aby nedochádzalo k spätnej reakcii chlóru s vodíkom, resp. s hydroxidom. Najstarší spôsob, používaný od konca <a href="/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die" title="19. storočie">19. storočia</a> je amalgámový (nazývaný aj Castnerov–Kellnerov proces), kde sa ako anóda používa <a href="/wiki/Grafit" title="Grafit">grafit</a> (prípadne <a href="/wiki/Tit%C3%A1n_(chemick%C3%BD_prvok)" title="Titán (chemický prvok)">titán</a>, alebo iný nereaktívny prvok) a katóda je <a href="/wiki/Ortu%C5%A5" title="Ortuť">ortuťová</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sod%C3%ADk" title="Sodík">Sodné</a>, resp. <a href="/wiki/Drasl%C3%ADk" title="Draslík">draselné</a> katióny, ktoré zostávajú v roztoku po anodickej oxidácii chloridových iónov reagujú s ortuťou za vzniku <a href="/wiki/Amalg%C3%A1m" title="Amalgám">amalgámu</a>. Ten kontinuálne odteká do druhej nádoby, kde reakciou s vodou vzniká príslušný hydroxid a vodík a recyklovaná ortuť sa vracia späť do elektrolyzéra. V súčasnosti sa od tohto spôsobu upúšťa, vzhľadom toxicitu ortuti, ako aj na vyššiu energetickú náročnosť oproti diafragmovej, resp. membránovej elektrolýze<sup id="cite_ref-eurochlor.org_–_ortut_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurochlor.org_–_ortut-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Membránová elektrolýza je v súčasnosti najpoužívanejší spôsob priemyselnej výroby chlóru. V elektrolyzéri je roztok soľanky rozdelený membránou, ktorá je polopriepustná, t.&#160;j. umožní prestup Na<sup>+</sup> do pravej časti, ale zabráni prestupu OH<sup>-</sup> do ľavej. Výhodou tohto procesu je nižšia energetická náročnosť oproti klasickej ortuťovej elektrolýze, nevýhodou vyššie požiadavky na čistotu vstupujúcej soľanky<sup id="cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eurochlor.org_–_membrana_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurochlor.org_–_membrana-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Chloralkali_membrane.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Chloralkali_membrane.svg/610px-Chloralkali_membrane.svg.png" decoding="async" width="610" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Chloralkali_membrane.svg/915px-Chloralkali_membrane.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Chloralkali_membrane.svg/1220px-Chloralkali_membrane.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1168" data-file-height="487" /></a><figcaption>Schéma membránovej elektrolýzy (<b>A</b>&#160;–&#160;anóda, kde prebieha oxidácia chloridových iónov, <b>B</b>&#160;–&#160;polopriepustná membrána, <b>C</b>&#160;–&#160;katóda, kde prebieha redukcia vodíkového katiónu.)</figcaption></figure> <p>Proces diafragmovej elektrolýzy soľanky je dosť podobný membránovej, ako oddeľovač anódového a katódového priestoru sa používa diafragma za <a href="/wiki/Azbest" title="Azbest">azbestu</a>, prípadne polymérnych vlákien. Soľanka vstupuje na strane anódy, kde dochádza k oxidáciu Cl<sup>-</sup>, sodíkové ióny prechádzajú diafragmou na stranu katódy. Výhodou je opäť nižšia spotreba elektrickej energie, nevýhodou nižšia koncentrácia roztoku hydroxidu a potreba dodatočného zahusťovania produktov<sup id="cite_ref-eurochlor.org_–_diafragma_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eurochlor.org_–_diafragma-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Laboratórne sa chlór vyrába oxidáciou vodných roztokov bežných chloridov (najčastejšie chlorid sodný) silnými oxidačnými činidlami (napr. <a href="/wiki/Oxid_mangani%C4%8Dit%C3%BD" title="Oxid manganičitý">oxid manganičitý</a>) v kyslom prostredí: </p> <dl><dd>4&#160;NaCl + 2&#160;H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + MnO<sub>2</sub> → 2&#160;Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> + MnCl<sub>2</sub> + 2&#160;H<sub>2</sub>O + Cl<sub>2</sub></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Použitie"><span id="Pou.C5.BEitie"></span>Použitie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Upraviť sekciu: Použitie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Použitie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chlórované_organické_rozpúšťadlá"><span id="Chl.C3.B3rovan.C3.A9_organick.C3.A9_rozp.C3.BA.C5.A1.C5.A5adl.C3.A1"></span>Chlórované organické rozpúšťadlá</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Upraviť sekciu: Chlórované organické rozpúšťadlá" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Chlórované organické rozpúšťadlá"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Najjednoduchšie významné chlórované uhľovodíky sú trichlórmetán alebo <a href="/wiki/Chloroform" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloroform">chloroform</a> CHCl<sub>3</sub> a <a href="/wiki/Tetrachl%C3%B3rmet%C3%A1n" title="Tetrachlórmetán">tetrachlórmetán</a>, nazývaný „tetrachlór“ CCl<sub>4</sub>. Obidve zlúčeniny sú ťažké kvapaliny s relatívne nízkym bodom varu (CHCl<sub>3</sub> 62&#160;°C a CCl<sub>4</sub> 77&#160;°C). Obidve sú nehorľavé a pri vdychovaní sú toxické (narkotizujú; CCl<sub>4</sub> je silne <a href="/wiki/Pe%C4%8De%C5%88" title="Pečeň">hepatotoxický</a>, oba sú <a href="/wiki/Karcinog%C3%A9n" title="Karcinogén">karcinogény</a>). Chloroform má navyše narkotizačné účinky a bol v 19. a prvej polovici 20. storočia široko používaný v medicíne ako inhalačné <a href="/wiki/Anestetikum" title="Anestetikum">anestetikum</a> pri operáciach, pôrodoch a podobných zákrokoch. </p> <ul><li>Obidve kvapaliny sa prakticky nemiešajú s vodou, ale sú výbornými rozpúšťadlami nepolárnych organických zlúčenín a tukov. Ešte pred niekoľkými rokmi prakticky všetky čistiarne odevov prali tovar svojich zákazníkov v zmesi týchto kvapalín. Organické znečistenie bolo veľmi efektívne odstránené a vďaka nízkemu bodu varu čistiacej zmesi boli ich zostatky z odevov zahriatím ľahko odstrániteľné.</li> <li>Mnoho farieb na kovy aj drevo používalo ako rozpúšťadlo pigmentov a ochranných látok práve chloroform či tetrachlór.</li> <li>Vďaka nehorľavosti tetrachlórmetánu slúžil tento ako náplň niektorých <a href="/wiki/Hasiaci_pr%C3%ADstroj" title="Hasiaci prístroj">hasiacich prístrojov</a>.</li> <li>Obidve látky sa dodnes obmedzene používajú na extrakciu tukov z biologického materiálu a na separáciu organických zlúčenín zo zmesí typu kvapalina-kvapalina.</li> <li>Podrobné dlhodobé klinické štúdie však bohužiaľ ukázali, že trvalý dlhodobý styk organizmu s týmito rozpúšťadlami značne zvyšuje riziko vzniku <a href="/wiki/Rakovina" class="mw-disambig" title="Rakovina">rakoviny</a> a obidve zlúčeniny sa tak dostali do zoznamu <a href="/wiki/Karcinog%C3%A9n" title="Karcinogén">karcinogénnych látok</a>. Na základe týchto skutočností je v súčasnosti veľmi obmedzená ako produkcia tak aj praktické využitie týchto organických rozpúšťadiel.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="PCB">PCB</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Upraviť sekciu: PCB" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce PCB"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:PCB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/PCB.svg/220px-PCB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/PCB.svg/330px-PCB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/PCB.svg/440px-PCB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="212" /></a><figcaption>vzorec úplne chlórovaného bifenylu</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Bifenyl.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Bifenyl.svg/220px-Bifenyl.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Bifenyl.svg/330px-Bifenyl.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Bifenyl.svg/440px-Bifenyl.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1032" data-file-height="369" /></a><figcaption>vzorec bifenylu</figcaption></figure> <p>Podobný osud má aj skupina organických chlórovaných aromatických uhľovodíkov nazvaná <a href="/wiki/Polychl%C3%B3rovan%C3%A9_bifenyly" title="Polychlórované bifenyly">polychlórované bifenyly</a> alebo PCB. Existuje celkom 208 kongenerov, ktoré sa líšia počtom atómov chlóru a ich vzájomnou polohou na bifenylovom skelete. Majú vyšší bod varu, sú nehorľavé a chemicky mimoriadne stále kvapaliny. Sú to výborné rozpúšťadlá nepolárnych organických zlúčenín a tukov. </p> <ul><li>Hlavné uplatnenie našli PCB ako náplne transformátorov, kondenzátorov a ďalších elektrických zariadení.</li> <li>Používali sa ešte ako hydraulické kvapaliny, časti tlačových farieb, náterových hmôt, tmelov a ďalších výrobkov.</li> <li>PCB boli v dobe ich výroby považované za úplne neškodné látky a na ich únik do prostredia nebol braný ohľad. Až po desaťročiach ich používania bolo zistené, že PCB sa v prírode nerozkladajú, koncentrujú sa v telách živočíchov a šíria sa v potravinových reťazcoch a že majú aj v stopových množstvách nepriaznivé účinky na živé organizmy. V priebehu rokov bola ich výroba zastavená a ich používanie zakázané.</li> <li>Pri likvidácii odpadov s obsahom PCB spaľovanie prebieha pri teplote nad 1 200&#160;°C s dobou zdržania spalín v dopaľovacej komore 2 až 3 sek. a obsahom kyslíka min. 6&#160;%.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="DDT">DDT</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Upraviť sekciu: DDT" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce DDT"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><i>Bližšie informácie v hlavnom článku&#58; <a href="/wiki/DDT" class="mw-redirect" title="DDT">DDT</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:DDT.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/DDT.svg/200px-DDT.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/DDT.svg/300px-DDT.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/DDT.svg/400px-DDT.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="633" /></a><figcaption>vzorec insekticídu DDT</figcaption></figure> <p>DDT je skratka zlúčeniny dichlordifenyltrichlóretán alebo 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(<i>p</i>-chlorofenyl)etán (ClC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CH(CCl<sub>3</sub>), jeden z najstarších a najznámejších <a href="/wiki/Insektic%C3%ADd" title="Insekticíd">insekticídov</a>. </p><p>DDT bolo prvýkrát syntetizované už v roku <a href="/wiki/1874" title="1874">1874</a>. Jeho insekticídne účinky však objavil až <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0vaj%C4%8Diarsko" title="Švajčiarsko">švajčiarsky</a> chemik <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hermann_M%C3%BCller" title="Paul Hermann Müller">Paul Hermann Müller</a> v roku <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>. Od <a href="/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_svetov%C3%A1_vojna" title="Druhá svetová vojna">druhej svetovej vojny</a> bolo DDT hromadne používané. Slúžilo ako prípravok proti škodlivému hmyzu v <a href="/wiki/Po%C4%BEnohospod%C3%A1rstvo" title="Poľnohospodárstvo">poľnohospodárstve</a>, ale predovšetkým na likvidáciu <a href="/wiki/Kom%C3%A1r" class="mw-redirect" title="Komár">komárov</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Moskyt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Moskyt (stránka neexistuje)">moskytov</a> v tropických krajinách. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="PVC">PVC</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Upraviť sekciu: PVC" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce PVC"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Vinylchlorid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Vinylchlorid.svg/220px-Vinylchlorid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Vinylchlorid.svg/330px-Vinylchlorid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Vinylchlorid.svg/440px-Vinylchlorid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>vzorec vinylchloridu</figcaption></figure> <p>Polymér <a href="/wiki/Polyvinylchlorid" title="Polyvinylchlorid">polyvinylchlorid</a> alebo <a href="/wiki/PVC" class="mw-redirect" title="PVC">PVC</a> patrí dodnes k najrozšírenejším priemyselne vyrábaným plastickým hmotám. Vyrába sa <a href="/wiki/Polymer%C3%A1cia" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymerácia">polymeráciou</a> nenasýteného chlórovaného uhľovodíka <a href="/wiki/Vinylchlorid" title="Vinylchlorid">vinylchloridu</a>. Vzniknutý produkt sa ďalej farbí a plní rôznymi aditívami, takže na trh sa dostáva veľmi široká paleta plastov s rozdielnymi farbami a fyzikálnymi vlastnosťami. </p> <ul><li>Všetky vyrábané druhy PVC sa vyznačujú dobrou chemickou odolnosťou, sú veľmi zle horľavé a tepelne dobre odolné. Povrch plastu je veľmi ľahko umývateľný vodou. Z týchto dôvodov sa používajú k výrobe podlahových krytín a bytových textílií. Povrchy domácich záhradných bazénov sú často pokryté vrstvou PVC, z PVC sa vyrábajú armatúry pre rozvody pitných aj odpadových vôd.</li> <li>Ďalšie využitie nachádza PVC v medicíne ako inertná súčasť rôznych prístrojov (hadičky, trubičky, zásobníky tekutín…), ale sú z neho napr. vyrábané aj hračky pre deti.</li> <li>Problém s PVC nastáva v okamihu jeho horenia alebo tepelného rozkladu. Napriek tomu že je za normálnych okolností takmer nehorľavý, za vysokých teplôt (napr. pri požiari bytu) začína tepelne degradovať pričom sa uvoľňuje široké spektrum veľmi toxických organických zlúčenín (najznámejší je asi <a href="/wiki/Fosg%C3%A9n" title="Fosgén">fosgén</a>). Aj pri riadenom spaľovaní sa do plynných splodín dostávajú atómy chlóru, ktoré pôsobia silne korozívne na spaľovacie aparatúry vďaka vznikajúcemu chlorovodíku. Reakciou chlóru s aromatickými uhľovodíkmi dochádza ku vzniku zvlášť nebezpečných <a href="/wiki/Diox%C3%ADn" title="Dioxín">dioxínov</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dioxíny"><span id="Diox.C3.ADny"></span>Dioxíny</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Upraviť sekciu: Dioxíny" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Dioxíny"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Dibenzodioxin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Dibenzodioxin.svg/220px-Dibenzodioxin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Dibenzodioxin.svg/330px-Dibenzodioxin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Dibenzodioxin.svg/440px-Dibenzodioxin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="191" /></a><figcaption>molekula dibenzodioxínu</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Dibenzylfuran.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Dibenzylfuran.svg/220px-Dibenzylfuran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Dibenzylfuran.svg/330px-Dibenzylfuran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Dibenzylfuran.svg/440px-Dibenzylfuran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="301" /></a><figcaption>molekula dibenzylfuranu</figcaption></figure> <p>Dioxíny predstavujú ekologicky najproblematickejšie organické zlúčeniny chlóru. Týmto názvom sú označované dve skupiny látok: Polychlórované dibenzo-<i>p</i>-dioxíny a dibenzofurany. Výmenou jedného alebo niekoľkých vodíkových atómov za atómy chlóru vznikajú zlúčeniny, ktoré sú zvyčajne označované súhrnným názvom dioxíny. Tieto látky sa vyznačujú značnou priamou toxicitou, sú však aj silno mutagénne a karcinogénne. </p><p>Tieto zlúčeniny sa priemyselne nevyrábajú, vznikajú skôr ako nechcené prímesi pri chemickej syntéze iných aromatických chlórovaných látok. Často uvádzaným príkladom je <i><a href="/wiki/Agent_Orange" title="Agent Orange">Agent Orange</a></i>, ktorý bol vo <a href="/wiki/Vietnamsk%C3%A1_vojna" title="Vietnamská vojna">Vietnamskej vojne</a> hromadne rozprašovaný americkou armádou na tropické <a href="/wiki/Prales" title="Prales">pralesy</a> s cieľom zbaviť porasty listov. Napriek tomu, že dioxíny pôvodne neboli zložkou tejto zmesi, vyskytovali sa v nej v relatívne značnom množstve vďaka nedokonalému čisteniu základných zložiek. Dodnes sú vo <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietname</a> oblasti, kde je pôda tak zaťažená týmito látkami, že ju nie je možné poľnohospodársky využívať. Ďaleko tragickejšie sú však tisíce prípadov mŕtvo narodených detí, detí narodených s hroznými deformáciami a extrémny nárast prípadov rakoviny v postihnutých oblastiach. Problémy sa nevyhli ani americkým vojakom a veľa veteránov Vietnamskej vojny malo podobné syndrómy ako vietnamskí domorodci. To všetko sa dáva do súvislosti s dlhodobým kontaktom postihnutých osôb s dioxínmi obsiahnutými v Agent Orange. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BAbor:Dioxin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Dioxin.svg/220px-Dioxin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Dioxin.svg/330px-Dioxin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Dioxin.svg/440px-Dioxin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="227" /></a><figcaption>molekula tetrachlordibenzodioxínu</figcaption></figure> <p>Rozhodne najvýznamnejším zdrojom dioxínov v životnom prostredí je spaľovanie organických zlúčenín, predovšetkým komunálneho odpadu. Dôvodom je najmä fakt, že aromatické benzénové jadro je veľmi stále a pri spaľovaní organických zlúčenín dochádza k prednostnej oxidácii bežných uhľovodíkov. Benzénový skelet pritom často zostáva nedotknutý a jeho reakciou s <a href="/wiki/Kysl%C3%ADk" title="Kyslík">kyslíkom</a> a chlórom vznikajú dioxíny. </p> <ul><li>V súčasnosti sú spaľovne komunálneho odpadu konštruované tak, aby sa zničila prevažná väčšina vznikajúcich dioxínov. Dosahuje sa to tak, že spaliny z primárneho spaľovania odpadu vstupujú do druhého spaľovacieho stupňa, v ktorom je zvyčajne zvýšená teplota na viac ako 1 500&#160;°C. Kombináciou vysokej teploty spaľovania a predĺženého pobytu organických zlúčenín v tomto prostredí je možné dosiahnuť prakticky kompletnú oxidáciu prítomných dioxínov. Niektoré spaľovne sú vybavené ešte aj tretím spaľovacím stupňom. Všetky spaľovne sú navyše zo zákona pravidelne kontrolované a obsah dioxínov v splodinách je monitorovaný.</li> <li>Bolo dokázané, že vplyv jednotlivých kongenerov dioxínov na živé organizmy sa podstatne odlišuje. Pre zjednodušenie bol vybraný jeden z nich – 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzen-<i>p</i>-dioxín <i>(obrázok)</i> a pri uvádzaní koncentrácie dioxínov v analytickej vzorke sa zvyčajne obsahy všetkých prítomných dioxínov vzťahujú na túto zlúčeninu.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencie">Referencie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Upraviť sekciu: Referencie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Referencie"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Housecroft,_Sharpe_–_Inorganic_Chemistry-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Housecroft,_Sharpe_–_Inorganic_Chemistry_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal">HOUSECROFT, Catherine. <i>Inorganic Chemistry</i>. 2. vyd. Edinburgh&#160;: Pearson Education, 2005. 949&#160;s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/0130-39913-2" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/0130-39913-2">ISBN <span class="&#73;SBN">0130-39913-2</span></a></span>. Kapitola The group 17 elements, s.&#160;468&#160;–&#160;491. (po anglicky)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia_2-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia_2-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia_2-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia_2-3"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia_2-4"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia_2-5"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">f</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gažo_–_Všeobecná_a_anorganická_chémia_2-6"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">g</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal">GAŽO, Ján a kol.. <i>Všeobecná a anorganická chémia</i>. 3. vyd. Bratislava&#160;: ALFA SNTL, 1981. 808&#160;s. Kapitola Halové prvky, s.&#160;278&#160;–&#160;305. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Muck_–_Základy_strukturní_anorganické_chemie-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Muck_–_Základy_strukturní_anorganické_chemie_3-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muck_–_Základy_strukturní_anorganické_chemie_3-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal">MUCK, Alexander. <i>Základy struktúrní anorganické chemie</i>. 1. vyd. Praha&#160;: Academia, 2006. 508&#160;s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/80-200-1326-1" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/80-200-1326-1">ISBN <span class="&#73;SBN">80-200-1326-1</span></a></span>. Kapitola Halogeny, s.&#160;159&#160;–&#160;181. (po česky)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-King_–_Encyclopedia_of_Inorganic_Chemistry-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-King_–_Encyclopedia_of_Inorganic_Chemistry_4-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_–_Encyclopedia_of_Inorganic_Chemistry_4-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_–_Encyclopedia_of_Inorganic_Chemistry_4-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-King_–_Encyclopedia_of_Inorganic_Chemistry_4-3"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">d</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal"> <i>Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, 10 volume set, 2nd Edition</i>. Ed. Bruce R. King. 2. vyd. [s.l.]&#160;: Wiley, 2005-september. 10&#160;zv. (6696&#160;s.) <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-0-470-86078-6" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-0-470-86078-6">ISBN <span class="&#73;SBN">978-0-470-86078-6</span></a></span>. Kapitola Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, &amp; Astatine: Inorganic Chemistry. (po anglicky)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-3"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-4"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-5"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">f</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-6"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">g</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-7"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">h</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-8"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">i</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-9"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">j</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-10"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">k</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-11"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">l</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-12"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">m</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-13"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">n</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-14"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">o</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-15"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">p</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Greenwood,_Earnshaw_–_Chemistry_of_the_Elements_5-16"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">q</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal">GREENWOOD. <i>Chemistry of the Elements</i>. 2. vyd. Oxford&#160;: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997. 1341&#160;s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/0-7506-3365-4" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/0-7506-3365-4">ISBN <span class="&#73;SBN">0-7506-3365-4</span></a></span>. Kapitola The Halogens: Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine and Astatine, s.&#160;789&#160;–&#160;887. (po anglicky)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-magistra_historia-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-magistra_historia_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> <i>Ignác Semmelweis – priekopník čistých rúk a blázon</i> [online]. 2014-05-29, [cit. 2018-08-18]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180614044810/http://www.magistra-historia.sk/ignac-semmelweis-priekopnik-cistych-ruk-a-blazon/">Dostupné online.</a> Archivované 2018-06-14 z&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.magistra-historia.sk/ignac-semmelweis-priekopnik-cistych-ruk-a-blazon/">originálu.</a> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history_net-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-history_net_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal">SINNOTT, John P.. <i>Weaponry: Use of Chlorine Gas Cylinders in World War I</i> [online]. [Cit. 2018-08-20]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historynet.com/weaponry-use-of-chlorine-gas-cylinders-in-world-war-i.htm">Dostupné online.</a> (po anglicky)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_Physical_Science_an_Technology-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Physical_Science_an_Technology_8-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_Physical_Science_an_Technology_8-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal"> <i>Encyclopedia of Physical Science an Technology</i>. Ed. Robert A. Meyers. 3. vyd. [s.l.]&#160;: Elsevier, 2001. 18&#160;zv. (15453&#160;s.) <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-0-12-227410-7" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-0-12-227410-7">ISBN <span class="&#73;SBN">978-0-12-227410-7</span></a></span>. Kapitola Halogen chemistry. (po anglicky)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Choppin_–_Radiochemistry_and_Nuclear_Chemistry-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Choppin_–_Radiochemistry_and_Nuclear_Chemistry_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal">CHOPPIN, Gregory; LILJENZIN, Jan-Olov; RYDBERG, Jan; EKBERG, Christian. <i>Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry</i>. 4. vyd. [s.l.]&#160;: Elsevier, 2013. 858&#160;s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-0-12-405897-2" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-0-12-405897-2">ISBN <span class="&#73;SBN">978-0-12-405897-2</span></a></span>. Kapitola Nuclei, Isotopes and Isotope Separation. (po anglicky)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry_10-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry_10-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry_10-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry_10-3"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">d</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry_10-4"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">e</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry_10-5"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">f</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry_10-6"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">g</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry_10-7"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">h</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cotton_–_Advanced_Inorganic_Chemistry_10-8"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">i</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal">COTTON, Albert; WILKINSON, Geofrey. <i>Advanced Inorganic Chemistry</i>. 3. vyd. [s.l.]&#160;: Wiley, 1972. 1143&#160;s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/0-471-17560-9" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/0-471-17560-9">ISBN <span class="&#73;SBN">0-471-17560-9</span></a></span>. Kapitola The Group VII Elements F, Cl, Br, I, At, s.&#160;458&#160;–&#160;494. (po anglicky)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-geologická_encyklopedie-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-geologická_encyklopedie_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal">PETRÁNEK, Jan. <i>Geologická encyklopedie</i> [online]. [Cit. 2018-08-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geology.cz/aplikace/encyklopedie/term.pl?halit">Dostupné online.</a> (po česky)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minerály_a_horniny_Slovenska-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Minerály_a_horniny_Slovenska_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> <i>Minerály a horniny Slovenska</i> [online]. [Cit. 2018-08-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181126074140/http://www.mineraly.sk/files/min/halit.htm">Dostupné online.</a> Archivované 2018-11-26 z&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mineraly.sk/files/min/halit.htm">originálu.</a> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Koděra_–_Topografická_mineralógia_Slovenska-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Koděra_–_Topografická_mineralógia_Slovenska_13-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koděra_–_Topografická_mineralógia_Slovenska_13-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal">KODĚRA, Miroslav. <i>Topografická mineralógia Slovenska</i>. 1. vyd. Bratislava&#160;: VEDA, 1990. 1590&#160;s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/80-224-0193-5" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/80-224-0193-5">ISBN <span class="&#73;SBN">80-224-0193-5</span></a></span>. </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Slovenské_technické_múzeum-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Slovenské_technické_múzeum_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal"> <i>Solivar v Prešove</i> [online]. [Cit. 2018-08-19]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130826033011/http://www.stm-ke.sk/index.php/sk/pobocky-2/solivar-pri-presove">Dostupné online.</a> Archivované 2013-08-26 z&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stm-ke.sk/index.php/sk/pobocky-2/solivar-pri-presove">originálu.</a> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shriver-Inorganic_Chemistry-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Shriver-Inorganic_Chemistry_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal">SHRIVER, Duward; PETER, Atkins. <i>Shriver and Atkins' Inorganic Chemistry</i>. 5. vyd. [s.l.]&#160;: W. H. Freeman, 2009. 830&#160;s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-1-42-921820-7" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-1-42-921820-7">ISBN <span class="&#73;SBN">978-1-42-921820-7</span></a></span>. Kapitola The Group 17 Elements, s.&#160;419&#160;–&#160;439. (angličtina)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McMurry_–_Organic_Chemistry-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-McMurry_–_Organic_Chemistry_16-0"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McMurry_–_Organic_Chemistry_16-1"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McMurry_–_Organic_Chemistry_16-2"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McMurry_–_Organic_Chemistry_16-3"><sup style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: top">d</sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal">MCMURRY, John. <i>Organic chemistry</i>. 7. vyd. [s.l.]&#160;: Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2008. 1318&#160;s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0peci%C3%A1lne:Kni%C5%BEn%C3%A9Zdroje/978-0-495-11628-8" title="Špeciálne:KnižnéZdroje/978-0-495-11628-8">ISBN <span class="&#73;SBN">978-0-495-11628-8</span></a></span>. Kapitola Organohalides. (po anglicky)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-organic-chemistry.org_–_halform-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-organic-chemistry.org_–_halform_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal"> <i>Haloform Reaction</i> [online]. [Cit. 2018-09-23]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.organic-chemistry.org/namedreactions/haloform-reaction.shtm">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-organic-chemistry.org_–_wurtz-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-organic-chemistry.org_–_wurtz_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal"> <i>Wurtz Reaction</i> [online]. [Cit. 2018-09-23]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.organic-chemistry.org/namedreactions/wurtz-reaction.shtm">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-organic-chemistry.org_–_grignard-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-organic-chemistry.org_–_grignard_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal"> <i>Grignard Reaction</i> [online]. [Cit. 2018-09-23]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.organic-chemistry.org/namedreactions/grignard-reaction.shtm">Dostupné online.</a> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eurochlor.org-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-eurochlor.org_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal">EURO CHLOR. <i>How are chlorine and caustic soda made?</i> [online]. [Cit. 2019-10-03]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurochlor.org/about-chlor-alkali/how-are-chlorine-and-caustic-soda-made/">Dostupné online.</a> (angličtina)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eurochlor.org_–_ortut-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-eurochlor.org_–_ortut_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal">EURO CHLOR. <i>Mercury cell process</i> [online]. [Cit. 2019-10-03]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurochlor.org/about-chlor-alkali/how-are-chlorine-and-caustic-soda-made/mercury-cell-process/">Dostupné online.</a> (angličtina)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eurochlor.org_–_membrana-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-eurochlor.org_–_membrana_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal">EURO CHLOR. <i>Membrane cell process</i> [online]. [Cit. 2019-10-03]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurochlor.org/about-chlor-alkali/how-are-chlorine-and-caustic-soda-made/membrane-cell-process/">Dostupné online.</a> (angličtina)</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eurochlor.org_–_diafragma-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-eurochlor.org_–_diafragma_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite style="font-style:normal">EURO CHLOR. <i>Diaphragm cell process</i> [online]. [Cit. 2019-10-03]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurochlor.org/about-chlor-alkali/how-are-chlorine-and-caustic-soda-made/diaphragm-cell-process/">Dostupné online.</a> (angličtina)</cite></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Iné_projekty"><span id="In.C3.A9_projekty"></span>Iné projekty</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Upraviť sekciu: Iné projekty" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>upraviť</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chl%C3%B3r&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Iné projekty"><span>upraviť zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chlorine" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chlorine">Commons</a></div><div class="interProject wiktionary" style="display:none;"><a href="https://sk.wiktionary.org/wiki/chl%C3%B3r" class="extiw" title="wikt:chlór">Wikislovník</a></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spolupracuj na&#160;Commons"><img alt="Spolupracuj na&#160;Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Commons ponúka multimediálne súbory na&#160;tému <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chlorine" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chlorine">chlór</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Spolupracuj na&#160;Wikislovníku"><img alt="Spolupracuj na&#160;Wikislovníku" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Wiktionary-ico-de.png/18px-Wiktionary-ico-de.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Wiktionary-ico-de.png/27px-Wiktionary-ico-de.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Wiktionary-ico-de.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></span></span> Wikislovník ponúka heslo <b><a href="https://sk.wiktionary.org/wiki/chl%C3%B3r" class="extiw" title="wikt:chlór"><b>chlór</b></a></b></li></ul> <div class="NavFrame" style="clear:both"> <div class="NavHead"><a href="/wiki/Periodick%C3%A1_tabu%C4%BEka" title="Periodická tabuľka">Periodická tabuľka chemických prvkov</a> </div> <div class="NavContent"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="center" style="width:100%; font-size: 95%; border-collapse: collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/1._skupina" title="1. skupina">1</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2._skupina" title="2. skupina">2</a> </td> <td colspan="15" align="center"><a href="/wiki/3._skupina" title="3. skupina">3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/4._skupina" title="4. skupina">4</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/5._skupina" title="5. skupina">5</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/6._skupina" title="6. skupina">6</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/7._skupina" title="7. skupina">7</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/8._skupina" title="8. skupina">8</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/9._skupina" title="9. skupina">9</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/10._skupina" title="10. skupina">10</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/11._skupina" title="11. skupina">11</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/12._skupina" title="12. skupina">12</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Triely" title="Triely">13</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tetrely" title="Tetrely">14</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pentely" title="Pentely">15</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chalkog%C3%A9ny" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalkogény">16</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%A9ny" class="mw-redirect" title="Halogény">17</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vz%C3%A1cny_plyn" title="Vzácny plyn"><span title="Vzácne plyny">18</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1._peri%C3%B3da" title="1. perióda">1</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Vod%C3%ADk" title="Vodík">H</a> </td> <td align="center" colspan="30">&#160; </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lium" title="Hélium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2._peri%C3%B3da" title="2. perióda">2</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADtium" title="Lítium">Li</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Ber%C3%BDlium" title="Berýlium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24" align="center">&#160; </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3r" title="Bór">B</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Uhl%C3%ADk" title="Uhlík">C</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Dus%C3%ADk" title="Dusík">N</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Kysl%C3%ADk" title="Kyslík">O</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Flu%C3%B3r" title="Fluór">F</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Ne%C3%B3n" title="Neón">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/3._peri%C3%B3da" title="3. perióda">3</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Sod%C3%ADk" title="Sodík">Na</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Hor%C4%8D%C3%ADk" title="Horčík">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24" align="center">&#160; </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Hlin%C3%ADk" title="Hliník">Al</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Krem%C3%ADk" title="Kremík">Si</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Fosfor" title="Fosfor">P</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADra" title="Síra">S</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cl</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Arg%C3%B3n" title="Argón">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/4._peri%C3%B3da" title="4. perióda">4</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Drasl%C3%ADk" title="Draslík">K</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffdead" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A1pnik" title="Vápnik">Ca</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Skandium" title="Skandium">Sc</a> </td> <td colspan="14" align="center">&#160; </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Tit%C3%A1n_(chemick%C3%BD_prvok)" title="Titán (chemický prvok)">Ti</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Van%C3%A1d" title="Vanád">V</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%B3m" title="Chróm">Cr</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Mang%C3%A1n" title="Mangán">Mn</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/%C5%BDelezo" title="Železo">Fe</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">Co</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Nikel" title="Nikel">Ni</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Me%C4%8F" title="Meď">Cu</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Zinok" title="Zinok">Zn</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1lium" title="Gálium">Ga</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Germ%C3%A1nium" title="Germánium">Ge</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Arz%C3%A9n" title="Arzén">As</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#a0ffa0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%A9n" title="Selén">Se</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%B3m" title="Bróm">Br</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Krypt%C3%B3n" title="Kryptón">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/5._peri%C3%B3da" title="5. perióda">5</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%ADdium" title="Rubídium">Rb</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffdead" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Stroncium" title="Stroncium">Sr</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Ytrium" title="Ytrium">Y</a> </td> <td colspan="14" align="center">&#160; </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Zirk%C3%B3nium" title="Zirkónium">Zr</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B3b" title="Niób">Nb</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Molybd%C3%A9n" title="Molybdén">Mo</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Techn%C3%A9cium" title="Technécium">Tc</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Rut%C3%A9nium" title="Ruténium">Ru</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3dium" title="Ródium">Rh</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1dium" title="Paládium">Pd</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Striebro" title="Striebro">Ag</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Kadmium" title="Kadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%ADn" title="Cín">Sn</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Antim%C3%B3n" title="Antimón">Sb</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Tel%C3%BAr" title="Telúr">Te</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3d" title="Jód">I</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Xen%C3%B3n" title="Xenón">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="2%" align="center"><a href="/wiki/6._peri%C3%B3da" title="6. perióda">6</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9zium" title="Cézium">Cs</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffdead" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1rium" title="Bárium">Ba</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Lant%C3%A1n" title="Lantán">La</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9r" title="Cér">Ce</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Prazeod%C3%BDm" title="Prazeodým">Pr</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Neod%C3%BDm" title="Neodým">Nd</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Prom%C3%A9tium" title="Prométium">Pm</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Sam%C3%A1rium" title="Samárium">Sm</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pium" title="Európium">Eu</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Gadol%C3%ADnium" title="Gadolínium">Gd</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Dyspr%C3%B3zium" title="Dysprózium">Dy</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAlium" title="Túlium">Tm</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Yterbium" title="Yterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Lut%C3%A9cium" title="Lutécium">Lu</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Tantal" title="Tantal">Ta</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Volfr%C3%A1m" title="Volfrám">W</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9nium" title="Rénium">Re</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%ADdium" title="Irídium">Ir</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina">Pt</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Zlato" title="Zlato">Au</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Ortu%C5%A5" title="Ortuť">Hg</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1lium" title="Tálium">Tl</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Olovo" title="Olovo">Pb</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Bizmut" title="Bizmut">Bi</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#cccc99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%B3nium" title="Polónium">Po</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#ffff99" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Ast%C3%A1t" title="Astát">At</a> </td> <td width="3.0625%" align="center" bgcolor="#c0ffff" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Rad%C3%B3n" title="Radón">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/7._peri%C3%B3da" title="7. perióda">7</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ff6666" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffdead" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dium" title="Rádium">Ra</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ef99cc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Akt%C3%ADnium" title="Aktínium">Ac</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ef99cc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rium" title="Tórium">Th</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ef99cc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Protakt%C3%ADnium" title="Protaktínium">Pa</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ef99cc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Ur%C3%A1n_(chemick%C3%BD_prvok)" title="Urán (chemický prvok)">U</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ef99cc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Nept%C3%BAnium" title="Neptúnium">Np</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ef99cc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Plut%C3%B3nium" title="Plutónium">Pu</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ef99cc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Amer%C3%ADcium" title="Amerícium">Am</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ef99cc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ef99cc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Berk%C3%A9lium" title="Berkélium">Bk</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ef99cc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Kalifornium" title="Kalifornium">Cf</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ef99cc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ef99cc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ef99cc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Mendel%C3%A9vium" title="Mendelévium">Md</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ef99cc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Nob%C3%A9lium" title="Nobélium">No</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ef99cc" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1sium" title="Hásium">Hs</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Meitn%C3%A9rium" title="Meitnérium">Mt</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Darm%C5%A1t%C3%A1tium" title="Darmštátium">Ds</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6ntg%C3%A9nium" title="Röntgénium">Rg</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#ffc0c0" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Kopern%C3%ADcium" title="Kopernícium">Cn</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#e8e8e8" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Nih%C3%B3nium" title="Nihónium">Nh</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#e8e8e8" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Fler%C3%B3vium" title="Fleróvium">Fl</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#e8e8e8" style="border:1px solid #777"><a href="/wiki/Mosk%C3%B3vium" title="Moskóvium">Mc</a> </td> <td align="center" bgcolor="#e8e8e8" 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