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Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="دونيا باربرا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دونيا باربرا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Доня Барбара – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Доня Барбара" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara" title="Doña Bárbara – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Doña Bárbara" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara_(novela)" title="Doña Bárbara (novela) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Doña Bárbara (novela)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara" title="Doña Bárbara – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Doña Bárbara" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="دنیا باربارا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دنیا باربارا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara_(roman)" title="Doña Bárbara (roman) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Doña Bárbara (roman)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara_(kawsay_rikch%27a)" title="Doña Bárbara (kawsay rikch'a) – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Doña Bárbara (kawsay rikch'a)" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara" title="Doña Bárbara – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Doña Bárbara" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara" title="Doña Bárbara – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Doña Bárbara" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1272527#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Doña Bárbara (disambiguation)">Doña Bárbara (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1929 novel by Rómulo Gallegos</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Doña Barbara <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Do%C3%B1a+Barbara&rft.author=%5B%5BR%C3%B3mulo+Gallegos%5D%5D&rft.date=February+1929+%28Eng.+trans.+1931%29&rft.pub=%5B%5BEditorial+Araluce%5D%5D&rft.place=Spain+%28publication%29%3Cbr%3E%5B%5BVenezuela%5D%5D+%28subject+and+author%29&rft.pages=395"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara_original_cover-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5c/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara_original_cover-1.jpg/200px-Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara_original_cover-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5c/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara_original_cover-1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="358" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cover of the first edition of <i>Doña Bárbara</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_Gallegos" title="Rómulo Gallegos">Rómulo Gallegos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original title</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Doña Barbara</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">Spanish</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Novel" title="Novel">Novel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Editorial_Araluce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Editorial Araluce (page does not exist)">Editorial Araluce</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">February 1929 (Eng. trans. 1931)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">Spain (publication)<br /><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> (subject and author)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Media type</th><td class="infobox-data">Print (<a href="/wiki/Hardcover" title="Hardcover">Hardback</a> & <a href="/wiki/Paperback" title="Paperback">Paperback</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">395</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Doña Bárbara (Lady Bárbara)</b></i> is a novel by <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuelan</a> author <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_Gallegos" title="Rómulo Gallegos">Rómulo Gallegos</a>, first published in 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was described in 1974 as "possibly the most widely known Latin American novel".<sup id="cite_ref-Shaw_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This <a href="/wiki/Criollismo" title="Criollismo">regionalist</a> novel deals with the confrontation between civilization and the barbaric aspects of the rural environment and its inhabitants. It is written in the third person and mixes vernacular language and regionalisms with literary narrative, making the main conflict more obvious and at the same time more tangible. This novel is considered a masterpiece of <a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_literature" title="Venezuelan literature">Venezuelan literature</a> and a classic in <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_literature" title="Latin American literature">Latin American literature</a>. It establishes a psychological study of the people of the Venezuelan plains:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> victims of unfortunate situations, but at the same time strong and courageous. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publication">Publication</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Publication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gallegos took his first trip into the <a href="/wiki/Llanos" title="Llanos">Llanos</a> of <a href="/wiki/Apure" title="Apure">Apure</a>, central Venezuela at Easter 1927, in order to gather material for the book he was writing,<sup id="cite_ref-Englekirk_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englekirk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the course of which he stayed on a ranch near <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_de_Apure" title="San Fernando de Apure">San Fernando de Apure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaw_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His previous book, <i>La Trepadora</i>, had been well received.<sup id="cite_ref-Englekirk_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englekirk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his stay, he gathered many details of the local idiom, scenery, and daily life, and was inspired by the real people he encountered; Doña Bárbara herself is derived at least in part from the local landowner Doña Pancha.<sup id="cite_ref-Englekirk_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englekirk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of the fifty place names mentioned, more than half are easily identifiable in the area, and many more can be associated with existing sites with a little more effort.<sup id="cite_ref-Englekirk_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englekirk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within a month of returning to <a href="/wiki/Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a>, the first pages of the resulting novel, <i>La Coronela</i>, were being printed.<sup id="cite_ref-Englekirk_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englekirk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, dissatisfied with the title and the first printed pages, Gallegos called the printing off.<sup id="cite_ref-Englekirk_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englekirk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gallegos then took his wife to <a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, Italy, for an operation, and returned to the manuscript, making substantial revisions and coming up with a better title: <i>Doña Bárbara</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Englekirk_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englekirk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The novel was then first published in <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>, Spain, in February 1929, by Spanish publisher <a href="/w/index.php?title=Editorial_Araluce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Editorial Araluce (page does not exist)">Editorial Araluce</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-foreword_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foreword-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was substantially revised for its January 1930 second edition,<sup id="cite_ref-foreword_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-foreword-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with Gallegos adding five chapters amounting to 20,000 words, re-ordering chapters, and making various other changes. Gallegos later made further changes, until the author was finally satisfied with his work in 1954.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The novel was published to worldwide acclaim, and despite Gallegos' research in the Llanos taking just 8 days,<sup id="cite_ref-Englekirk_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englekirk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> those familiar with the Venezuelan Llanos were almost without exception convinced of its authenticity, convinced Gallegos was very familiar with them, if not born there.<sup id="cite_ref-Englekirk_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englekirk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_context">Historical context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Historical context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1920s, <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> was under the dictatorial regime of <a href="/wiki/Juan_Vicente_G%C3%B3mez" title="Juan Vicente Gómez">Juan Vicente Gómez</a>. His rule saw wealth from oil discovered in the early twentieth century, and he used it to develop modern infrastructure and end the era of <a href="/wiki/Caudillismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Caudillismo">caudillismo</a>, fully and completely uniting the country for the first time. However his rule was also brutal and corrupt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot_summary">Plot summary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Plot summary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Santos Luzardo, a graduate lawyer of the <a href="/wiki/Central_University_of_Venezuela" title="Central University of Venezuela">Central University of Venezuela</a>, returns to his father's land in the plains of <a href="/wiki/Apure" title="Apure">Apure</a> to sell the land but desists when he discovers that it is controlled by a despotic woman, Doña Bárbara, also known as the men's devourer; it is said that she uses seduction and pacts with demonic spirits to satisfy her whims and achieve power. </p><p>Santos Luzardo meets his cousin Lorenzo Barquero and discovers that he was a victim of the femme fatale, who left him bankrupt and a daughter, Marisela, whom she abandoned and who became quickly a vagrant. Lorenzo lives in poverty in a miserable house consumed by his own constant drunkenness. </p><p>Doña Bárbara falls in love with Santos Luzardo and, through an internal struggle, comes to abandon her evil ways. Luzardo, however, is charmed by Marisela, no longer living in abandonment and taken under Luzardo's care. </p><p>The novel ends with the "defeat" of Doña Bárbara, who is able to obtain neither the land nor Luzardo's heart, and finally departs to an unknown location. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characters">Characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maria_Nieves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Maria_Nieves.jpg/250px-Maria_Nieves.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Maria_Nieves.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="357" /></a><figcaption>Gallegos based the character of Maria Nieves on a real man of the same name he knew during his travels in the plains. Maria Nieves photographed here in 1920 ready to direct the cattle across a river.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Santos Luzardo</b>: represents civilization and progress. He is an advanced plainsman and, at the same time, a graduate lawyer of the <a href="/wiki/Central_University_of_Venezuela" title="Central University of Venezuela">Central University of Venezuela</a>. Luzardo is a man of great psychological depth and essentially good.</li> <li><b>Doña Bárbara Guaimarán</b>: representing barbarism, is Luzardo's antithesis; she is arbitrary, violent, manipulative, cunning and whimsical. However, in her there is not an absolute absence of feelings, which are intensely awakened by Santos Luzardo. Her contradictory manners reflect the wild behavior of her environment. Her behaviour is a reaction to the trauma she suffered in her childhood, victim of high levels of abuse.</li> <li><b>Marisela</b>: represents good raw material that civilization can mold. Born from a loveless union she is rescued from a degraded condition by Luzardo.</li> <li><b>Lorenzo Barquero</b>: Orphan whose future was destroyed by misfortune and vice.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADster_Danger" title="Míster Danger">Míster Danger</a></b>: represents the contempt foreigners harbor toward Venezuelans. He is Doña Bárbara's accomplice.</li> <li><b>Juan Primito</b>: represents superstition and the pagan beliefs of the plainsmen.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara_(1943_film)" title="Doña Bárbara (1943 film)"><i>Doña Barbara</i> (1943 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara_(1967_TV_series)" title="Doña Bárbara (1967 TV series)"><i>Doña Barbara</i> (1967 TV series)</a></li> <li>libretto by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Chocr%C3%B3n" title="Isaac Chocrón">Isaac Chocrón</a> for the opera of <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Lloyd" title="Caroline Lloyd">Caroline Lloyd</a>, premiered in Caracas, 1967<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara_(1975_TV_series)" title="Doña Bárbara (1975 TV series)"><i>Doña Barbara</i> (1975 TV series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara_(1998_film)" title="Doña Bárbara (1998 film)"><i>Doña Barbara</i> (1998 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara_(2008_TV_series)" title="Doña Bárbara (2008 TV series)"><i>Doña Barbara</i> (2008 TV series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Do%C3%B1a_(2016_TV_series)" title="La Doña (2016 TV series)"><i>La Doña</i> (2016 TV series)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_Gallegos" title="Rómulo Gallegos">Rómulo Gallegos</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=cBaP05BMdDIC"><i>Doña Bárbara</i></a>, Barcelona: Editorial Araluce, 1929. 350 pages.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaw-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shaw_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shaw_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Shaw, Donald, "Gallegos' Revision of Doña Bárbara 1929-30, <i>Hispanic Review</i> 42(3), Summer 1974, p265</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060813091712/http://192.211.16.13/curricular/RSN/%20Gallegostrans.htm">"Romulo Gallegos"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://192.211.16.13/curricular/RSN/%20Gallegostrans.htm">the original</a> on 2006-08-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-05-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Romulo+Gallegos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F192.211.16.13%2Fcurricular%2FRSN%2F%2520Gallegostrans.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADo%C3%B1a+B%C3%A1rbara" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Englekirk-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Englekirk_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englekirk_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englekirk_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englekirk_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englekirk_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englekirk_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englekirk_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englekirk_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Englekirk_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Englekirk, John E., "Doña Bárbara, Legend of the Llano", <i>Hispania</i>, 31(3), August 1948, pp259-270</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-foreword-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-foreword_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-foreword_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=cBaP05BMdDIC"><i>Doña Bárbara</i></a>, Barcelona: Editorial Araluce, 1929. 350 pages. p xxxvii</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Englekirk, John E., "Doña Bárbara, Legend of the Llano", <i>Hispania</i>, 31(3), August 1948, pp259–270</li> <li>Shaw, Donald, "Gallegos' Revision of Doña Bárbara 1929-30, <i>Hispanic Review</i> 42(3), Summer 1974, pp265–278</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Doña Bárbara"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rómulo_Gallegos&#039;s_Doña_Bárbara_(1929)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_Gallegos" title="Rómulo Gallegos">Rómulo Gallegos</a>'s <i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Doña Bárbara</a></i> (1929)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Santos Luzardo</li> <li>Doña Bárbara Guaimarán</li> <li>Marisela</li> <li>Lorenzo Barquero</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%ADster_Danger" title="Míster Danger">Míster Danger</a></li> <li>Juan Primito</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara_(1943_film)" title="Doña Bárbara (1943 film)">Doña Barbara</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara_(1998_film)" title="Doña Bárbara (1998 film)">Doña Barbara</a></i> (1998)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara_(1967_TV_series)" title="Doña Bárbara (1967 TV series)">Doña Barbara</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara_(1975_TV_series)" title="Doña Bárbara (1975 TV series)">Doña Barbara</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_B%C3%A1rbara_(2008_TV_series)" title="Doña Bárbara (2008 TV series)">Doña Barbara</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Do%C3%B1a_(2016_TV_series)" title="La Doña (2016 TV series)">La Doña</a></i> (2016)</li></ul> 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/177236745">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4247989-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no99074249">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12466556t">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12466556t">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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