CINXE.COM
Promethium (Pm) | AMERICAN ELEMENTS ®
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"><!-- InstanceBegin template="/Templates/elements.dwt" codeOutsideHTMLIsLocked="false" --> <head prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb# article: http://ogp.me/ns/article#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="American Elements: The Materials Science Company"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.americanelements.com/images_graphics/American-Elements-Company-Logo.png"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="meta" --> <meta property="article:section" content="Elements" /> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --> <!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="doctitle2" --> <meta property="og:title" content="Promethium (Pm) | AMERICAN ELEMENTS ® " /> <meta property="og:description" content="Promethium (Pm) chemical structure, technical & safety data, discovery, uses" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.americanelements.com/pm.html" /> <title>Promethium (Pm) | AMERICAN ELEMENTS ® </title> <meta name="description" content="Promethium (Pm) chemical structure, technical & safety data, discovery, uses" /> <meta name="keywords" content="Promethium Element Information" /> <style type="text/css"> .banner {background-image: url("headers/elements/promethium-banner.jpg"); } </style> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --> <style type="text/css"> .element-item2{color:#FFF;border:7px solid #FFF;width:120px;height:120px;text-align:center;position:absolute;bottom:20px;right:15px;box-shadow: 0px 0px 6px #000;text-shadow:0px 1px 2px #000;}.element-item2.opaque {text-shadow:none} /*.alkali {background-color: #E72B30}.alkaline-earth{background-color:#FF8C00;}.actinoid,.lanthanoid{background-color:#45A557;}.transition{background-color:#ECBC0E;}.post-transition{background-color:#68BCFF;}.diatomic{background-color:#152F7B;}.metalloid{background-color:#40BA8F;}.halogen{background-color:#E1A6C8;}.noble-gas{background-color:#A273AE;}.radioactive{background-color: #999}.inverse{background-color: unset;text-shadow: 0px 0px 5px #000;opacity: 1}.inverse-opaque{background-color: #FFF}*/.inverse {color:#111;border-color:#111;text-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; background-color:#FFF}.number{position:absolute;top:2px;right:5px;font-size:17px;font-weight:700 }.symbol2,.symbol2-sm,.weight{position:relative;text-align:center;display:block }.symbol2,.symbol2-sm{font-weight:700;line-height:65px;margin-top:15px }.symbol2{font-size:50px }.symbol2-sm{font-size:50px;letter-spacing:0 }.weight{font-size:15px;margin-top:0;}@media(min-width:1400px){.element-item2{height:160px; width:160px;right:25px}.symbol2,.symbol2-sm{font-size:65px;margin-top:35px}.number{font-size:19px}.weight{font-size:17px;margin-top:7px}}@media (max-width:767px){.element-item2{height:105px;width:105px; }.symbol2,.symbol2-sm{line-height:55px;margin-top:13px;font-size:45px }.number{font-size:16px}.weight{font-size:14px}}@media (max-width:600px){.element-item2{height:75px;width:75px;border-width:5px;top:3px;right:10px}.symbol2{font-size:35px;line-height:55px;margin-top:7px }.symbol2,.symbol2-sm{margin-top:5px }.number{top:1px;right:3px;font-size:13px }.weight{display:none }}@media (max-width:400px) {.number{display:none }.element-item2 {height:40px;width:40px;top:3px;right: 3px;border-width:3.5px}.symbol2 {font-size:18px;line-height:28px;margin-top:5px;}} </style> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto+Condensed:300,700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.americanelements.com/css/slippry.css" /> <style type="text/css"> .sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0}.collapse{display:none}.collapse.in{display:block} .element-item2 {top:15px !important; z-index:100} .sy-caption-wrap { display:none !important } </style> <noscript> <link href="https://www.americanelements.com/css/noscript.css" media="all" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" /> </noscript> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.americanelements.com/apple-touch-icon.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://www.americanelements.com/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://www.americanelements.com/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://www.americanelements.com/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://www.americanelements.com/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://www.americanelements.com/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://www.americanelements.com/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://www.americanelements.com/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://www.americanelements.com/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.americanelements.com/AE-Logo-48.ico" /> <!--[if lt IE 7]> <link href="css/ie67.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" /> <![endif]--> <link href="https://www.americanelements.com/css/AE.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" /> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="https://oss.maxcdn.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script> <![endif]--> </head> <body> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NHBD3H" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= '//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NHBD3H');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <!--ZOOMSTOP--> <a href="#page-content" class="sr-only">Skip to Main Content</a><nav class="navbar navbar-static-top"> <div class="navbar-header"> <a class="navbar-brand" aria-label="Return to Home" title="AMERICAN ELEMENTS: The Materials Science Company" href="https://www.americanelements.com"> <span id="logo" class="american-elements-logo"><span class="sr-only notranslate">American Elements: The Materials Science Company™ | Certified bulk & lab quantity manufacturer of metals, chemicals, nanoparticles & other advanced materials</span></span></a> <nav id="primary_nav_wrap"><ul><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/company.html">Our Manufacturing</a></li><li class="nolink"><a class="top" href="#">Products</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/products-by-element">Elements, Products by</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/life-science-organic-chemistry">Life Sciences</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/2d-materials">2D Materials</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/additive-manufacturing-3d-printing">Additive Manufacturing & 3D Printing</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/alloys.html">Alloys & Alloy Forms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/Battery-Technology.html">Battery Materials</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/catalysts">Catalysts</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/ceramics.html">Ceramics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/chemicals.html">Chemicals & Salts</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/dental-materials.html">Dental Materials</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/electronics-materials.html">Electronics Materials</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/foams.html">Foams</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/fuel-cell-materials.html">Fuel Cell Materials</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/fusion-energy">Fusion Energy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html">Glass Manufacturing</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/green-technology-alternative-energy.html">Green Technology</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/Ultra_high_purity_metals_powders.htm">High Purity Materials</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/Hydrogen-Storage.html">Hydrogen Storage</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/isotopes.html">Isotopes</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html">Laser Crystals</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/Bio-Medical.html">Life Sciences & Biomaterials</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/metals.html">Metals & Metal Forms</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/metallurgy.html">Metallurgy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/nanomaterials-nanoparticles-nanotechnology.html">Nanomaterials</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/life-science-organic-chemistry">Organic Chemicals</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/organometallics.html">Organometallics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/oxides.html">Oxides</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/pigments-coatings.html">Pigments & Coatings</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/rare-earths.html">Rare Earths</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/research-and-development.html">Research & Development</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/semiconductors.html">Semiconductors</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/solar-energy-materials.html">Solar Energy Materials</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/solutions">Solutions</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/sputtering-targets.html">Sputtering Targets</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/thin-film-evaporation-materials.html">Thin Film Deposition</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/water-treatment-chemicals.html">Water Treatment Chemicals</a></li></ul></li><li class="nolink"><a class="top" href="#">Industries</a><ul><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/aerospace-aircraft.html">Aerospace</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/agriculture.html">Agriculture</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/automotive.html">Automotive</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/chemical-manufacturing.html">Chemical Manufacturing</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/defense.html">Defense</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/dentistry.html">Dentistry</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/electronics.html">Electronics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/energy-storage-batteries.html">Energy Storage & Batteries</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/fuel-cell.html">Fuel Cells</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/fusion-energy">Fusion Energy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html">Glass Manufacturing</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/investment-grade-metals.html">Investment Grade Metals</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/jewelry-fashion.html">Jewelry & Fashion</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/lighting.html">Lighting</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/medical-devices.html">Medical Devices</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/nuclear-energy.html">Nuclear Energy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/oil-gas.html">Oil & Gas</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html">Optics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/paper-pulp.html">Paper & Pulp</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/pharmaceuticals-cosmetics.html">Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/metal-plating">Plating</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/research-laboratory.html">Research & Laboratory</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/robotics.html">Robotics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/solar-energy.html">Solar Energy</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/space-industry.html">Space</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/steel.html">Steel & Alloy Producers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/sports-equipment.html">Sports Equipment</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/textiles-fabrics.html">Textiles & Fabrics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/water-treatment-chemicals.html">Water Treatment</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/research-center">Research</a></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/safety-data-center">SDS</a></li><li class="nolink" id="follow"><a class="top" href="#">Follow Us</a><ul><li><a class="twitter" href="https://twitter.com/AmericanElement">Twitter</a></li><li><a class="facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/AmericanElement">Facebook</a></li><li><a class="instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/americanelements/">Instagram</a></li><li><a class="linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-elements">LinkedIn</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/quote">Contact Us</a></li></ul></nav> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle ming-toggle" data-toggle="offcanvas" data-target="#ming"> <span class="icon-bar"> </span> <span class="icon-bar"> </span> <span class="icon-bar"> </span> <span class="sr-only notranslate">Main Menu</span></button> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle search-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".search-collapse"><span class="toggle-icon search-icon"></span><span class="sr-only notranslate">Search</span></button> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle translate-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbar-collapse-grid"><span class="toggle-icon flag-icon"></span><span class="menu-button-text notranslate">Translate</span> </button> <div class="preface_first"> <form role="search" method="get" action="https://www.americanelements.com/cgi-bin/search.cgi"> <input type="text" name="zoom_query" title="search" aria-labelledby="search" required/> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit" id="search"><span class="magnifier16"></span><span class="sr-only notranslate">Submit</span></button> </span> </form></div> </div></nav> <div id="navbar-collapse-grid" class="navbar-collapse collapse"> <ul id="flags"> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=zh-CN&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate China"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">& #31616;& #21270;& #23383;</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=de&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate Germany"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">Deutsch</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=es&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate Spain"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">español</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=fr&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate France"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">français</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=hi&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate India"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">& #x0939;& #x093f;& #x0928;& #x094d;& #x0926;& #x0940;</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=it&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate Italy"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">italiano</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=ja&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate Japan"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">& #x65e5;& #x672c;& #x8a9e;</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=ko&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate South-Korea"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">& #54620;& #44397;& #50612;</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=nl&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate Netherlands"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">nederlands</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=pt&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate Brazil"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">português</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=ru&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate Russia"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">& #x0420;& #x043e;& #x0441;& #x0441;& #x0438;& #x0438;</span></a></li><li><a href="https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=en&tl=sv&u=" class="language"><span class="flag notranslate Sweden"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">svensk</span></a></li><li><a href=""><span class="flag notranslate United-States"></span><span class="flag-text notranslate">English</span></a></li></ul> </div><div class="navbar-collapse search-collapse collapse notranslate" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebSite"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.americanelements.com/"/> <form itemprop="potentialAction" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/SearchAction" class="input-group notranslate" role="search" method="get" action="https://www.americanelements.com/cgi-bin/search.cgi"> <meta itemprop="target" content="https://www.americanelements.com/cgi-bin/search.cgi?zoom_query={zoom_query}"/> <input itemprop="query-input" type="text" class="form-control" title="Search" placeholder="Search by Keyword, Product, CAS..." name="zoom_query" aria-labelledby="search" required/> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button class="btn btn-default" type="submit" id="search"><span class="magnifier16"></span><span class="sr-only notranslate">Submit</span></button> </span> </form></div><div id="ming" class="navmenu navmenu-default navmenu-fixed-right offcanvas" role="navigation"> <div class="panel-group expanding"> <div class="panel panel-container"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L1" data-target="#product-categories" data-toggle="collapse"><span class="panel-title">Materials</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div id="product-categories" class="panel-body collapse"> <div class="panel panel-ming ming-elements"> <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/products-by-element" class="panel-heading ming-L1" id="ming-elements"><span class="panel-title">Materials by Element</span><span class="Arrowhead-Right dropdown-icon notranslate"></span></a> </div><div class="panel panel-ming"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L1" data-target="#forms" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Materials by Form</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"> </span></div><div class="panel-body collapse" id="forms"> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/2d-materials" data-parent="#forms">2D Materials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/alloys.html" data-parent="#forms">Alloy & Alloy Forms</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/metals.html" data-parent="#forms">Pure Metals & Metal Forms</a> <div class="panel-ming2"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L2" data-target="#chemicals" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#forms"><span class="panel-title">Chemicals & Salts</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div class="panel-body collapse" id="chemicals"> <strong><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/chemicals.html" data-parent="#chemicals">All Chemicals & Salts</a></strong> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Acetates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Acetates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Aluminides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Aluminides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Ammonium-Sulfates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Ammonium Sulfates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Antimonides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Antimonides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Arsenates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Arsenates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Benzoates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Benzoate</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Bromates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Bromates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Bromides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Bromides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Carbonates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Carbonates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Chlorides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Chlorides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Chromates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Chromates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Fluorides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Fluorides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Hydrides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Hydrides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Hydroxides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Hydroxides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Iodates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Iodates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Iodides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Iodides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Lactates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Lactates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Molybdates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Molybdates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Nitrates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Nitrates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Oxalates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Oxalates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/oxides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Oxides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Perchlorates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Perchlorates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Phosphates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Phosphates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Selenates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Selenates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Selenides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Selenides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Selenites.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Selenites</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Silicates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Silicates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Stearates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Stearates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Sulfates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Sulfates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Sulfides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Sulfides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/sulfites" data-parent="#chemicals">Sulfites</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Tantalates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Tantalates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Tellurates.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Tellurates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Tellurides.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Tellurides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Tellurites.html" data-parent="#chemicals">Tellurites</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/thiocyanates" data-parent="#chemicals">Thiocyanates</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/vanadates" data-parent="#chemicals">Vanadates</a></div><div class="panel-ming2"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L2" data-target="#ceramics" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#forms"><span class="panel-title">Ceramics</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"> </span></div><div id="ceramics" class="panel-body collapse"> <strong><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/ceramics.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Ceramics</a></strong> <strong><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/refractory-ceramics" data-parent="#ceramics">Refractory Ceramics</a></strong><strong><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/transparent-ceramics" data-parent="#ceramics">Transparent Ceramics</a></strong><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Aluminates.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Aluminates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Arsenides.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Arsenides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Borides.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Borides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Carbide.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Carbides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Ferrite.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Ferrites</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Niobates.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Niobates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Nitrides.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Nitrides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Phosphides.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Phosphides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Silicides.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Silicides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Titanates.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Titanates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Tungstates.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Tungstates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Zirconates.html" data-parent="#ceramics">Zirconates</a></div></div><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/ceramic-fibers" data-parent="#forms">Ceramic Fibers</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/foams.html" data-parent="#forms">Foams: Metallic & Ceramic</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Ultra_high_purity_metals_powders.htm" data-parent="#forms">High Purity Materials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/isotopes.html" data-parent="#forms">Isotopes</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/mxenes" data-parent="#forms">MXenes</a> <div class="panel-ming2"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L2" data-target="#nanomaterials" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#forms"><span class="panel-title">Nanomaterials</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div class="panel-body collapse" id="nanomaterials"> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/nanomaterials-nanoparticles-nanotechnology.html" data-parent="#nanomaterials">All Nanomaterials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/quantum-dots" data-parent="#nanomaterials">Quantum Dots</a> </div></div><div class="panel-ming2"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L2" data-target="#organometallics-products" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#forms"><span class="panel-title">Organometallics</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div id="organometallics-products" class="panel-body collapse"> <strong><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/organometallics.html" data-parent="#organometallics-products">All Organometallics</a></strong> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Ethylhexanoates.html" data-parent="#organometallics-products">2-Ethylhexanoates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Acetylacetonates.html" data-parent="#organometallics-products">Acetylacetonates</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/phthalocyanines" data-parent="#organometallics-products">Phthalocyanines</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/trifluoromethanesulfonates-triflates" data-parent="#organometallics-products">Trifluoromethanesulfonates</a></div></div><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/oxides.html" data-parent="#forms">Oxides</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/rare-earths.html" data-parent="#forms">Rare Earths</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/semiconductors.html" data-parent="#forms">Semiconductors</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/solutions" data-parent="#forms">Solutions</a> </div></div><div class="panel panel-ming"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L1" data-target="#applications" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Materials by Application</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div class="panel-body collapse" id="applications"> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/additive-manufacturing-3d-printing" data-parent="#applications">Additive Manufacturing & 3D Printing</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Battery-Technology.html" data-parent="#applications">Battery & Supercapacitor Materials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/catalysts" data-parent="#applications">Catalysts</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/dental-materials.html" data-parent="#applications">Dental Materials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/electronics-materials.html" data-parent="#applications">Electronics Materials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/fuel-cell-materials.html" data-parent="#applications">Fuel Cell Materials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/fusion-energy" data-parent="#applications">Fusion Energy</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html" data-parent="#applications">Glass Manufacturing</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/green-technology-alternative-energy.html" data-parent="#applications">Green Technology & Alternative Energy</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Hydrogen-Storage.html" data-parent="#applications">Hydrogen Storage</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html" data-parent="#applications">Laser Crystals</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Bio-Medical.html" data-parent="#applications">Life Sciences & Biomaterials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/metallurgy.html" data-parent="#applications">Metallurgy</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/nanomaterials-nanoparticles-nanotechnology.html" data-parent="#applications">Nanotechnology & Nanomaterials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html" data-parent="#applications">Optical Materials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/solar-energy-materials.html" data-parent="#applications">Photovoltaic & Solar Energy</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/metal-plating" data-parent="#applications">Plating</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pigments-coatings.html" data-parent="#applications">Pigments & Coatings</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/research-and-development.html" data-parent="#applications">Research & Development</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/space-industry.html" data-parent="#applications">Space Technology</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/sputtering-targets.html" data-parent="#applications">Sputtering Targets</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/thin-film-evaporation-materials.html" data-parent="#applications">Thin Film Deposition</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/water-treatment-chemicals.html" data-parent="#applications">Water Treatment</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/weather-modification" data-parent="#applications">Weather Modification</a> </div></div></div></div><div class="panel panel-ming"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L1" data-target="#life-science-products" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Life Science Chemicals</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"> </span></div><div class="panel-body collapse" id="life-science-products"><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/life-science-organic-chemistry" data-parent="life-science-products">Life Science Products</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/alcohols" data-parent="life-science-products">Alcohols</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/aldehydes" data-parent="life-science-products">Aldehydes</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/amides" data-parent="life-science-products">Amides</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/amines" data-parent="life-science-products">Amines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/amino-acids-derivatives" data-parent="life-science-products">Amino Acids & Derivatives</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/aromatics" data-parent="life-science-products">Aromatics</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/aryls" data-parent="life-science-products">Aryls</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/azetidines" data-parent="life-science-products">Azetidines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/benzimidazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Benzimidazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/benzisoxazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Benzisoxazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/benzodioxans" data-parent="life-science-products">Benzodioxans</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/benzofurans" data-parent="life-science-products">Benzofurans</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/benzothiazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Benzothiazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/benzothiophenes" data-parent="life-science-products">Benzothiophenes</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/benzoxazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Benzoxazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/carboxylic-acids" data-parent="life-science-products">Carboxylic Acids</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/enzymes-inhibitors" data-parent="life-science-products">Enzymes & Inhibitors</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/esters" data-parent="life-science-products">Esters</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/ethers" data-parent="life-science-products">Ethers</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/fluorinated-building-blocks" data-parent="life-science-products">Fluorinated Building Blocks</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/furans" data-parent="life-science-products">Furans</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/halides" data-parent="life-science-products">Halides</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/imidazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Imidazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/imidazolidines" data-parent="life-science-products">Imidazolidines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/indazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Indazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/indoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Indoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/indolines" data-parent="life-science-products">Indolines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/isoquinolines" data-parent="life-science-products">Isoquinolines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/isoxazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Isoxazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/ketones" data-parent="life-science-products">Ketones</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/morpholines" data-parent="life-science-products">Morpholines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/naphthyridines" data-parent="life-science-products">Naphthyridines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/nitriles" data-parent="life-science-products">Nitriles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/organoboron" data-parent="life-science-products">Organoboron</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/organosilicon" data-parent="life-science-products">Organosilicon</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/oxadiazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Oxadiazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/oxazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Oxazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pharmaceuticals-intermediates" data-parent="life-science-products">Pharmaceuticals & Intermediates</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/phenols" data-parent="life-science-products">Phenols</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/phytochemicals" data-parent="life-science-products">Phytochemicals</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/piperazines" data-parent="life-science-products">Piperazines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/piperidines" data-parent="life-science-products">Piperidines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pyrazines" data-parent="life-science-products">Pyrazines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pyrazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Pyrazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pyridazines" data-parent="life-science-products">Pyridazines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pyridines" data-parent="life-science-products">Pyridines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pyrimidines" data-parent="life-science-products">Pyrimidines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pyrroles" data-parent="life-science-products">Pyrroles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pyrrolidines" data-parent="life-science-products">Pyrrolidines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pyrrolines" data-parent="life-science-products">Pyrrolines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/quinazolines" data-parent="life-science-products">Quinazolines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/quinolines" data-parent="life-science-products">Quinolines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/quinoxalines" data-parent="life-science-products">Quinoxalines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/spiroes" data-parent="life-science-products">Spiroes</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/sulfonyl-chlorides" data-parent="life-science-products">Sulfonyl Chlorides</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/tetrahydroisoquinolines" data-parent="life-science-products">Tetrahydroisoquinolines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/tetrahydropyrans" data-parent="life-science-products">Tetrahydropyrans</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/tetrahydroquinolines" data-parent="life-science-products">Tetrahydroquinolines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/tetrazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Tetrazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/thiadiazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Thiadiazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/thiazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Thiazoles</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/thiazolidines" data-parent="life-science-products">Thiazolidines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/thiols" data-parent="life-science-products">Thiols</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/thiophenes" data-parent="life-science-products">Thiophenes</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/triazines" data-parent="life-science-products">Triazines</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/triazoles" data-parent="life-science-products">Triazoles</a></div></div><div class="panel panel-ming"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L1" data-target="#company" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">About Us</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div class="panel-body collapse" id="company"> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/company.html" data-parent="#company">Our Company</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/eventspressreleases.html" data-parent="#company">News & Events</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/Media.html" data-parent="#company">Media</a></div></div><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/quality-assurance-quality-control" class="ming-link panel-heading ming-L1" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Quality Assurance/Quality Control</span><span class="Arrowhead-Right dropdown-icon notranslate"></span></a> <div class="panel panel-ming"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L1" data-target="#countries" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Locations</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div class="panel-body collapse" id="countries"> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/osterreich.html">Austria</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/belgium.html">Belgium</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/brasil.html">Brazil</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/canada.html">Canada</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/china-hongkong.html">China & Hong Kong</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/ceskarepublika.html">Czech Republic</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/danmark.html">Denmark</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/suomi.html">Finland</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/france.html">France</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/deutschland.html">Germany</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/greece.html">Greece</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/magyarorszag.html">Hungary</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/india.html">India</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/indonesia.html">Indonesia</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/israel.html">Israel</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/italia.html">Italy</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/japan.html">Japan</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/malaysia.html">Malaysia</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/mexico.html">Mexico</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/nederland.html">Netherlands</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/norge.html">Norway</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/philippines.html">Philippines</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/polska.html">Poland</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/portugal.html">Portugal</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/russia.html">Russia</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/singapore.html">Singapore</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/korea.html">South Korea</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/espana.html">Spain</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/sverige.html">Sweden</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/switzerland.html">Switzerland</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/taiwan.html">Taiwan</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/thailand.html">Thailand</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/turkiye.html">Turkey</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/united-kingdom.html">United Kingdom</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/">United States</a></div></div><div class="panel panel-ming"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L1" data-target="#industries" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Industries</span><span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></div><div class="panel-body collapse" id="industries"> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/aerospace-aircraft.html" data-parent="#industries">Aerospace</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/agriculture.html" data-parent="#industries">Agriculture</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/automotive.html" data-parent="#industries">Automotive</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/chemical-manufacturing.html" data-parent="#industries">Chemical Manufacturing</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/defense.html" data-parent="#industries">Defense</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/dentistry.html" data-parent="#industries">Dentistry</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/electronics.html" data-parent="#industries">Electronics</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/energy-storage-batteries.html" data-parent="#industries">Energy Storage & Batteries</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/fine-art-materials" data-parent="#industries">Fine Art Materials</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/fuel-cell.html" data-parent="#industries">Fuel Cells</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/fusion-energy" data-parent="#industries">Fusion Energy</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html" data-parent="#industries">Glass</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/investment-grade-metals.html" data-parent="#industries">Investment Grade Metals</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/jewelry-fashion.html" data-parent="#industries">Jewelry & Fashion</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html" data-parent="#industries">Lasers</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/lighting.html" data-parent="#industries">Lighting</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/medical-devices.html" data-parent="#industries">Medical Devices</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/museum-gallery-services" data-parent="#industries">Museums & Galleries</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/nuclear-energy.html" data-parent="#industries">Nuclear Energy</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/oil-gas.html" data-parent="#industries">Oil & Gas</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/optical-materials.html" data-parent="#industries">Optics</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/paper-pulp.html" data-parent="#industries">Paper & Pulp</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/pharmaceuticals-cosmetics.html" data-parent="#industries">Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/research-laboratory.html" data-parent="#industries">Research & Laboratory</a><a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/robotics" data-parent="#industries">Robotics</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/solar-energy.html" data-parent="#industries">Solar Energy</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/space-industry.html" data-parent="#industries">Space</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/sports-equipment.html" data-parent="#industries">Sports Equipment</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/steel.html" data-parent="#industries">Steel & Alloy Producers</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/textiles-fabrics.html" data-parent="#industries">Textiles & Fabrics</a> <a class="ming-link" href="https://www.americanelements.com/water-treatment-chemicals.html" data-parent="#industries">Water Treatment Municipalities</a></div></div><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/services" class="ming-link panel-heading ming-L1" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Services</span><span class="Arrowhead-Right dropdown-icon notranslate"></span></a> <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/safety-data-center" class="panel-heading ming-L1 ming-link" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Safety Data Center</span><span class="sds-icon dropdown-icon notranslate"></span></a><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/research-center" class="panel-heading ming-L1 ming-link" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Research Center</span><span class="Library-Books-24 dropdown-icon notranslate"></span></a> <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/materials-science" class="ming-link panel-heading ming-L1" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Explore Materials Science</span><span class="Arrowhead-Right dropdown-icon notranslate"></span></a> <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/toolbox.html" class="panel-heading ming-L1 ming-link" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Toolbox</span><span class="wrench dropdown-icon notranslate"></span></a> <a href="https://www.americanelements.com/aenotes.html" class="ming-link panel-heading ming-L1" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Materials Science News</span><span class="Arrowhead-Right dropdown-icon notranslate"></span></a><a href="https://www.americanelements.com/quote" class="panel-heading ming-L1 ming-link" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Contact us / Request Quote</span></a> <div class="panel panel-ming"> <div class="panel-heading ming-L1 share-menu" data-target="#share" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#ming"><span class="panel-title">Share This Page</span><span class="ming-icon sharepage dropdown-icon"></span></div><div class="panel-body collapse ming-share" id="share"> <a href="mailto:?subject=Citation%20from%20American%20Elements&body=Courtesy%20of%20American%20Elements:%20" class="share ming-link" data-parent="#share">Email <span class="share-icon mail-16"></span></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=via%20%40AmericanElement%3A%20" class="share ming-link" data-parent="#share">Tweet<span class="share-icon twitter-16"></span></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=" class="share ming-link" data-parent="#share">Facebook<span class="share-icon facebook-16"></span></a></div></div><div class="follow-us" data-parent="#ming"> Follow Us <div id="social"><a class="ming-link social twitter" href="https://www.twitter.com/AmericanElement"><span class="sr-only">Twitter</span></a> <a class="ming-link social facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/AmericanElement"><span class="sr-only">Facebook</span></a> <a class="ming-link social linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-elements"><span class="sr-only">LinkedIn</span></a> <a class="ming-link social instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/americanelements/"><span class="sr-only">Instagram</span></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="container-fluid" id="main-content"> <div id="page-content"> <!--End Nicemenu --> <!--ZOOMRESTART--> <div class="banner"> <!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="page-title" --> <h1 class="medium">Promethium</h1> <!--ZOOMSTOP--><span class="element-item2 lanthanoid metal inner-transition" aria-hidden="true"><span class="symbol2">Pm</span><span class="number">61</span><span class="weight">145</span></span><!--ZOOMRESTART--> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --> </div> <!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="page-content" --> <!-- Nav tabs --> <div id="element-tabs"> <ul class="nav nav-pills nav-justified" role="tablist"> <li class="active"><a href="#about" id="tab1" role="tab" aria-controls="about" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">About Promethium</a></li> <li><a href="#properties" id="tab2" role="tab" aria-controls="properties" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Properties</a></li> <li><a href="#isotopes" id="tab3" role="tab" aria-controls="isotopes" data-toggle="pill" class="InfoTab" tabindex="0">Isotopes</a></li> </ul> </div> <!-- Tab panes --> <div id="content"> <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="about" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab1"> <h2>About Promethium</h2> <img src="images_graphics/element-bohr-models/promethium-bohr-model.jpg" alt="Promethium Bohr" width="200" height="200" class="image-left" /> <p>All of promethium鈥檚 isotopes are radioactive and have short half-lives, so appreciable amounts are not found in natural sources. The existence of an unknown element with atomic number 61 was predicted in 1914 by Henry Mosley, but the metal was not successfully produced and fully characterized until 1945. This was accomplished by Jacob A. Marinsky, Lawrence E. Glendenin, and Charles D. Coryell at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by separating and analyzing fission products of <a href="uu.htm">uranium</a>. The name was derived from the Titan in Greek mythology who stole fire from Mount Olympus to give to humans, Prometheus. Since the element can only be obtained from a lab, it has few applications. The only isotope of promethium used outside of research is promethium-147, which is produced and used in very small (milligram) quantities in atomic batteries and signal lights containing <a href="optical-materials.html">phosphors</a> that emit light in response to absorption of radiation emitted by the isotope. Since this relatively stable isotope emits x-rays, it could theoretically be used for portable x-ray sources.</p> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="properties" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab2"> <h2>Promethium Properties</h2> <p><img src="promethium-bohr.jpg" alt="Promethium Bohr Model" width="200" height="200" class="image-left" /><strong>Promethium</strong> is a Block F, Group 3, Period 6 element. The number of electrons in each of Promethium's shells is 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 and its electron configuration is [Xe] 4f<sup>5</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup>. The promethium atom has a radius of 183.pm and its Van der Waals radius is 236.pm. In its elemental form, CAS 7440-12-2, promethium has a metallic appearance. Promethium was discovered by Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segr猫, and Hans Bethe in 1942. It was first isolated by J. A. Marinsky, Lawrence Glendenin and Charles D. Coryell in 1945. The element name comes from Greek mythology after the titan, Prometheus, who stole the fire of Zeus and gave it to mankind.</p> <p>Promethium is radioactive. Promethium information, including technical data, properties, and other useful facts are specified below. Scientific facts such as the atomic structure, ionization energy, abundance on Earth, conductivity, and thermal properties are included. </p> <div id="table-wrapper"> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion2"> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#general-properties">General Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="general-properties"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th id="symbol">Symbol:</th> <td>Pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-number">Atomic Number:</th> <td>61</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-weight">Atomic Weight:</th> <td>145</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="element-category">Element Category:</th> <td>Lanthanide</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="group-period-block">Group, Period, Block:</th> <td>n/a, 6, f</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="color">Color:</th> <td>silvery-white/ metallic</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="other-names">Other Names:</th> <td>Prometio, Prom茅cio</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#physical-properties">Physical Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div id="physical-properties" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <table class="properties-table table"> <tr> <th id="melting-point">Melting Point:</th> <td>1042°C, 1907.6°F, 1315.15 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="boiling-point">Boiling Point:</th> <td>3000°C, 5432°F, 3273.15 K</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density">Density:</th> <td>7.26 g路cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="liquid-density">Liquid Density @ Melting Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="density-20-degrees-C">Density @ 20°C:</th> <td>7.220 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="solid-density">Density of Solid:</th> <td>7264 kg·m<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="specific-heat">Specific Heat:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="superconductivity-temperature">Superconductivity Temperature:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="triple-point">Triple Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="critical-point">Critical Point:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="fusion-heat">Heat of Fusion (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>about 7.7</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vaporization-heat">Heat of Vaporization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>290</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomization-heat">Heat of Atomization (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>):</th> <td>about 350</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-conductivity">Thermal Conductivity:</th> <td>17.9 W路m<sup>-1</sup>路K<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="thermal-expansion">Thermal Expansion:</th> <td>(r.t.) ( poly) est. 11 碌m/(m路K)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electrical-resistivity">Electrical Resistivity:</th> <td>(r.t.) est. 0.75 nΩ路m</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="tensile-strength">Tensile Strength:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="molar-heat-capacity">Molar Heat Capacity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="youngs-modulus">Young's Modulus:</th> <td>(form) est. 46 GPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="shear-modulus">Shear Modulus:</th> <td>( form) est. 18 GPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="bulk-modulus">Bulk Modulus:</th> <td>( form) est. 33 GPa</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="poisson-ratio">Poisson Ratio:</th> <td>( form) est. 0.28</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mohs-hardness">Mohs Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="vickers-hardness">Vickers Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="brinell-hardness">Brinell Hardness:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="speed-of-sound">Speed of Sound:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electronegativity">Pauling Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="sanderson-electronegativity">Sanderson Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allerd-rochow-electronegativity">Allred Rochow Electronegativity:</th> <td>1.07</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mulliken-jaffe-electronegativity">Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="allen-electronegativity">Allen Electronegativity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pauling-electropositivity">Pauling Electropositivity:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="reflectivity">Reflectivity (%):</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="refractive-index">Refractive Index:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#chemical-properties">Chemical Properties<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div id="chemical-properties" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <table class="properties-table table"> <tr> <th id="electrons">Electrons:</th> <td>61</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="protons">Protons:</th> <td>61</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="neutrons">Neutrons:</th> <td>84</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-configuration">Electron Configuration:</th> <td>[Xe] 4f<sup>5</sup> 6s<sup>2</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius">Atomic Radius:</th> <td>183 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="atomic-radius-non-bonded">Atomic Radius,<br /> non-bonded (Å):</th> <td>2.38</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius">Covalent Radius:</th> <td>199 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="covalent-radius-non-bonded">Covalent Radius (Å):</th> <td>1.86</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="van-der-waals-radius">Van der Waals Radius:</th> <td>236 pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="oxidation-states">Oxidation States:</th> <td>3 (mildly basic oxide)</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="phase">Phase:</th> <td>Solid</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="crystal-structure">Crystal Structure:</th> <td>hexagonal</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="magnetic-ordering">Magnetic Ordering:</th> <td>paramagnetic</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="electron-affinity">Electron Affinity (kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup>)</th> <td>Unknown</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="1-ionization">1<sup>st</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>538.39 kJ路mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="2-ionization">2<sup>nd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>1051.70 kJ路mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <th id="3-ionization">3<sup>rd</sup> Ionization Energy:</th> <td>2151.64 kJ路mol<sup>-1</sup></td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="panel-group expanding" id="accordion3"> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#identifiers">Identifiers<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="identifiers"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th id="cas-number">CAS Number:</th> <td>7440-12-2</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="ec-number">EC Number:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="mdl-number">MDL Number:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="beilstein-number">Beilstein Number:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="smile-id">SMILES Identifier:</th> <td>[Pm]</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-id">InChI Identifier:</th> <td>InChI=1S/Pm</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="inchi-key">InChI Key:</th> <td>VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="pubchem-cid">PubChem CID:</th> <td>23944</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="chemspider-id">ChemSpider ID:</th> <td>22386</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#abundance">Abundance<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="abundance"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th class="abundance" id="earth-total">Earth - Total:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="mercury-total">Mercury - Total:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="venus-total">Venus - Total:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-weight">Earth聽-聽Seawater (Oceans), ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-seawater-atoms">Earth聽-聽Seawater (Oceans), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-weight">Earth聽-聽 Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-earth-crust-atoms">Earth聽-聽 Crust (Crustal Rocks), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-weight">Sun - Total, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-sun-atoms">Sun - Total, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-weight">Stream, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-stream-atoms">Stream, ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-weight">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-meterorite-carbonaceous-atoms">Meterorite (Carbonaceous), ppb by atoms:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-weight">Typical Human Body, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-human-body-atoms">Typical Human Body, ppb by atom:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-weight">Universe, ppb by weight:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <th class="abundance" id="abundance-universe-atoms">Universe, ppb by atom:</th> <td>N/A</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default properties-panel"> <div class="panel-heading active-collapsible"> <a data-toggle="collapse" class="activate-panel" href="#history">History<span class="Arrowhead-Down-24 dropdown-icon"></span></a> </div> <div class="panel-collapse collapse" id="history"> <table class="table properties-table" > <tr> <th id="discovered">Discovered By:</th> <td>Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segr猫, Hans Bethe</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="discovery-date">Discovery Date:</th> <td>1942</td> </tr> <tr> <th id="first-isolation">First Isolation:</th> <td>Charles D. Coryell, Jacob A. Marinsky, Lawrence E. Glendenin, Harold G. Richter (1945)</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane" id="isotopes" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="tab3"> <h2>Promethium Isotopes</h2> <p>Promethium (Pm) does not exist in nature (except in trace quantities from spontaneous fission and alpha decay of <sup>151</sup>Eu). It has no stable isotopes.</p> <table class="isotopes-table"> <tr> <th scope="col" id="nuclide">Nuclide</th> <th scope="col" id="mass">Isotopic Mass</th> <th scope="col" id="half-life">Half-Life</th> <th scope="col" id="decay">Mode of Decay</th> <th scope="col" id="nuclear-spin">Nuclear Spin</th> <th scope="col" id="magnetic-moment">Magnetic Moment</th> <th scope="col" id="binding-energy">Binding Energy (MeV)</th> <th scope="col" id="natural-abundance">Natural Abundance<br /> (% by atom)</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>126</sup>Pm</th><td>125.95752(54)#</td><td>0.5# s</td><td>Unknown</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>996.05</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>127</sup>Pm</th><td>126.95163(64)#</td><td>1# s</td><td>Unknown</td><td>5/2+#</td><td>N/A</td><td>1004.13</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>128</sup>Pm</th><td>127.94842(43)#</td><td>1.0(3) s</td><td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>128</sup>Nd; p to <sup>127</sup>Nd</td><td>6+#</td><td>N/A</td><td>1021.53</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>129</sup>Pm</th><td>128.94316(43)#</td><td>3# s [>200 ns]</td><td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>129</sup>Nd</td><td>5/2+#</td><td>N/A</td><td>1029.61</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>130</sup>Pm</th><td>129.94045(32)#</td><td>2.6(2) s</td><td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>130</sup>Nd; 脽<sup>+</sup> + p聽to <sup>129</sup>Pr</td><td>(5+,6+,4+)</td><td>N/A</td><td>1037.68</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>131</sup>Pm</th><td>130.93587(21)#</td><td>6.3(8) s</td><td>脽<sup>+</sup> + p聽to <sup>130</sup>Pr; 脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>131</sup>Nd</td><td>5/2+#</td><td>N/A</td><td>1055.08</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>132</sup>Pm</th><td>131.93375(21)#</td><td>6.2(6) s</td><td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>132</sup>Nd; 脽<sup>+</sup> + p聽to <sup>131</sup>Pr</td><td>(3+)</td><td>N/A</td><td>1063.16</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>133</sup>Pm</th><td>132.92978(5)</td><td>15(3) s</td><td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>133</sup>Nd</td><td>(3/2+)</td><td>N/A</td><td>1080.55</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>134</sup>Pm</th><td>133.92835(6)</td><td>22(1) s</td><td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>134</sup>Nd</td><td>(5+)</td><td>N/A</td><td>1088.63</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>135</sup>Pm</th><td>134.92488(6)</td><td>49(3) s</td><td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>135</sup>Nd</td><td>(5/2+,3/2+)</td><td>N/A</td><td>1096.71</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>136</sup>Pm</th><td>135.92357(8)</td><td>107(6) s</td><td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>136</sup>Nd</td><td>(5-)</td><td>N/A</td><td>1104.79</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>137</sup>Pm</th><td>136.920479(14)</td><td>2# min</td><td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>137</sup>Nd</td><td>5/2+#</td><td>N/A</td><td>1112.87</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>138</sup>Pm</th><td>137.919548(30)</td><td>10(2) s</td><td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>138</sup>Nd</td><td>1+#</td><td>N/A</td><td>1130.26</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>139</sup>Pm</th><td>138.916804(14)</td><td>4.15(5) min</td><td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>139</sup>Nd</td><td>(5/2)+</td><td>N/A</td><td>1138.34</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>140</sup>Pm</th><td>139.91604(4)</td><td>9.2(2) s</td><td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>140</sup>Nd</td><td>1+</td><td>N/A</td><td>1146.42</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>141</sup>Pm</th><td>140.913555(15)</td><td>20.90(5) min</td><td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>141</sup>Nd</td><td>5/2+</td><td>N/A</td><td>1154.5</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>142</sup>Pm</th><td>141.912874(27)</td><td>40.5(5) s</td><td>脽<sup>+</sup>聽to <sup>142</sup>Nd</td><td>1+</td><td>N/A</td><td>1162.58</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>143</sup>Pm</th><td>142.910933(4)</td><td>265(7) d</td><td>EC to <sup>143</sup>Nd</td><td>5/2+</td><td>3.8</td><td>1170.66</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>144</sup>Pm</th><td>143.912591(3)</td><td>363(14) d</td><td>EC to <sup>144</sup>Nd</td><td>5-</td><td>1.7</td><td>1178.73</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>145</sup>Pm</th><td>144.912749(3)</td><td>17.7(4) y</td><td>EC to <sup>145</sup>Nd; a to <sup>141</sup>Pr</td><td>5/2+</td><td>N/A</td><td>1186.81</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>146</sup>Pm</th><td>145.914696(5)</td><td>5.53(5) y</td><td>EC to <sup>146</sup>Nd; 脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>146</sup>Sm</td><td>3-</td><td>N/A</td><td>1194.89</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>147</sup>Pm</th><td>146.9151385(26)</td><td>2.6234(2) y</td><td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>147</sup>Sm</td><td>7/2+</td><td>2.6</td><td>1202.97</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>148</sup>Pm</th><td>147.917475(7)</td><td>5.368(2) d</td><td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>148</sup>Sm</td><td>1-</td><td>2</td><td>1211.05</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>149</sup>Pm</th><td>148.918334(4)</td><td>53.08(5) h</td><td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>149</sup>Sm</td><td>7/2+</td><td>3.3</td><td>1219.13</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>150</sup>Pm</th><td>149.920984(22)</td><td>2.68(2) h</td><td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>150</sup>Sm</td><td>(1-)</td><td>N/A</td><td>1217.89</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>151</sup>Pm</th><td>150.921207(6)</td><td>28.40(4) h</td><td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>151</sup>Sm</td><td>5/2+</td><td>1.8</td><td>1225.97</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>152</sup>Pm</th><td>151.923497(28)</td><td>4.12(8) min</td><td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>152</sup>Sm</td><td>1+</td><td>N/A</td><td>1234.05</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>153</sup>Pm</th><td>152.924117(12)</td><td>5.25(2) min</td><td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>153</sup>Sm</td><td>5/2-</td><td>N/A</td><td>1242.13</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>154</sup>Pm</th><td>153.92646(5)</td><td>1.73(10) min</td><td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>154</sup>Sm</td><td>(0,1)</td><td>N/A</td><td>1250.21</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>155</sup>Pm</th><td>154.92810(3)</td><td>41.5(2) s</td><td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>155</sup>Sm</td><td>(5/2-)</td><td>N/A</td><td>1258.28</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>156</sup>Pm</th><td>155.93106(4)</td><td>26.70(10) s</td><td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>156</sup>Sm</td><td>4-</td><td>N/A</td><td>1257.05</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>157</sup>Pm</th><td>156.93304(12)</td><td>10.56(10) s</td><td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>157</sup>Sm</td><td>(5/2-)</td><td>N/A</td><td>1265.13</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>158</sup>Pm</th><td>157.93656(14)</td><td>4.8(5) s</td><td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>158</sup>Sm</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>1273.2</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>159</sup>Pm</th><td>158.93897(21)#</td><td>1.47(15) s</td><td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>159</sup>Sm</td><td>5/2-#</td><td>N/A</td><td>1281.28</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>160</sup>Pm</th><td>159.94299(32)#</td><td>2# s</td><td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>160</sup>Sm</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>1280.05</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>161</sup>Pm</th><td>160.94586(54)#</td><td>700# ms</td><td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>161</sup>Sm</td><td>5/2-#</td><td>N/A</td><td>1288.12</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>162</sup>Pm</th><td>161.95029(75)#</td><td>500# ms</td><td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>162</sup>Sm</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>1286.89</td><td>-</td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><sup>163</sup>Pm</th><td>162.95368(86)#</td><td>200# ms</td><td>脽<sup>-</sup>聽to <sup>163</sup>Sm</td><td>5/2-#</td><td>N/A</td><td>1294.96</td><td>-</td></tr> </table> </div> </div> <!-- InstanceEndEditable --> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="https://www.americanelements.com/css/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.js"></script> <script src="https://www.americanelements.com/css/slippry.min.js"></script> <div class="scrollup">^</div> </div> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $(window).scroll(function () { if ($(this).scrollTop() > 350) { $('.scrollup').fadeIn(500); } else { $('.scrollup').fadeOut(); } }); $('.scrollup').click(function () { $("html, body").animate({ scrollTop: 0 }, 400); return false; }); $(window).scroll(function() { clearTimeout($.data(this, 'scrollTimer')); $.data(this, 'scrollTimer', setTimeout(function() { $('.scrollup').fadeOut(); }, 600)); }); }); </script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function(){ jQuery('.bxslider').slippry({ autoDelay: '0', pause:"5000", autoHover: false, transition: 'horizontal', adaptiveHeight: 'false' }); }); </script> <div class="sponsored-conference"> <a href="https://events.techconnect.org/DTCFall/" aria-label="logo" title="Defense TechConnect Innovation Summit"><div class="sponsored-conference-graphic"></div></a> <div class="sponsored-conference-text"> <div class="sponsored-conference-text"> Please join us and our customers and co-sponsors Lockheed Martin & Northrop Grumman at the <a href="https://events.techconnect.org/DTCFall/">Defense TechConnect Innovation Summit</a> in Austin, Texas on December 3, 2024. </div> </div> <div id="footer"> Periodic table of the elements, materials science and academic information, elements and advanced materials data, scientific presentations and all pages, designs, concepts, logos, and color schemes herein are the copyrighted proprietary rights and intellectual property of American Elements. American Elements is a U.S. Registered Trademark. © 1997-2024 American Elements. All rights reserved.</div> </body> <!-- InstanceEnd --></html>