CINXE.COM

Lakshmi Planum — Wikipédia

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Lakshmi Planum — Wikipédia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )frwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","janvier","février","mars","avril","mai","juin","juillet","août","septembre","octobre","novembre","décembre"],"wgRequestId":"1e75ffda-27b0-4cce-b53a-ff116df51dc6","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Lakshmi_Planum","wgTitle":"Lakshmi Planum","wgCurRevisionId":155188883,"wgRevisionId":155188883,"wgArticleId":3618968,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Page utilisant une frise chronologique","Page avec coordonnées similaires sur Wikidata","Article utilisant une Infobox","Article géolocalisé extraterrestre","Portail:Astronomie/Articles liés","Portail:Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers/Articles liés","Portail:Sciences/Articles liés","Article géolocalisé sur Vénus","Planum sur Vénus","Quadrangle d'Ishtar Terra"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"fr","wgPageContentLanguage":"fr","wgPageContentModel": "wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Lakshmi_Planum","wgRelevantArticleId":3618968,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"fr","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"fr"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":68.6,"lon":339.3},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2368025","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform", "platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.timeline.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ArchiveLinks","ext.gadget.Wdsearch","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap", "ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.timeline.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=fr&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Ishtar_terra_topo.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1241"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ishtar_terra_topo.jpg/800px-Ishtar_terra_topo.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="827"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ishtar_terra_topo.jpg/640px-Ishtar_terra_topo.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="662"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Lakshmi Planum — Wikipédia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmi_Planum"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modifier" href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipédia (fr)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//fr.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmi_Planum"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Flux Atom de Wikipédia" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Modifications_r%C3%A9centes&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Lakshmi_Planum rootpage-Lakshmi_Planum skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Aller au contenu</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal" title="Accueil général [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Accueil</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Accueil"><span>Portails thématiques</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Page_au_hasard" title="Affiche un article au hasard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article au hasard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Contact"><span>Contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Contribuer" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contribuer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribuer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutwp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:D%C3%A9buter"><span>Débuter sur Wikipédia</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Accueil" title="Accès à l’aide"><span>Aide</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_de_la_communaut%C3%A9" title="À propos du projet, ce que vous pouvez faire, où trouver les informations"><span>Communauté</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Modifications_r%C3%A9centes" title="Liste des modifications récentes sur le wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Modifications récentes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipédia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l&#039;encyclopédie libre" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-fr.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Recherche" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Rechercher</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" aria-label="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spécial:Recherche"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Rechercher</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Outils personnels"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l&#039;apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Apparence" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Apparence</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_fr.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=fr" class=""><span>Faire un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&amp;returnto=Lakshmi+Planum" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire." class=""><span>Créer un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&amp;returnto=Lakshmi+Planum" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connecter</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Plus d’options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils personnels" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils personnels</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu utilisateur" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_fr.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=fr"><span>Faire un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Cr%C3%A9er_un_compte&amp;returnto=Lakshmi+Planum" title="Nous vous encourageons à créer un compte utilisateur et vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Créer un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&amp;returnto=Lakshmi+Planum" title="Nous vous encourageons à vous connecter ; ce n’est cependant pas obligatoire. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connecter</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages pour les contributeurs déconnectés <a href="/wiki/Aide:Premiers_pas" aria-label="En savoir plus sur la contribution"><span>en savoir plus</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_contributions" title="Une liste des modifications effectuées depuis cette adresse IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Mes_discussions" title="La page de discussion pour les contributions depuis cette adresse IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sommaire" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sommaire</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Début</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Géographie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Géographie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Géographie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Géographie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Géologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Géologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Géologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Géologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Annexes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Annexes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Annexes</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Annexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lakshmi Planum</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 18 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B6%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%8A" title="هضبة لاكشمي – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هضبة لاكشمي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Плато Лакшмі – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Плато Лакшмі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="লক্ষ্মী প্লানাম – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লক্ষ্মী প্লানাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmi_Planum" title="Lakshmi Planum – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lakshmi Planum" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmi_Planum" title="Lakshmi Planum – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lakshmi Planum" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmi_Planum" title="Lakshmi Planum – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lakshmi Planum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmi_Planum" title="Lakshmi Planum – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lakshmi Planum" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="लक्ष्मी प्लैनम – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लक्ष्मी प्लैनम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B7%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%AB_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Լակշմիի բարձրավանդակ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լակշմիի բարձրավանդակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmi_Planum" title="Lakshmi Planum – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lakshmi Planum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="ラクシュミー高原 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラクシュミー高原" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmi_Planum" title="Lakshmi Planum – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lakshmi Planum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Плато Лакшми – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Плато Лакшми" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Лакшми планум – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лакшми планум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshmi_Planum" title="Lakshmi Planum – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lakshmi Planum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="லட்சுமி பிலானம் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லட்சுமி பிலானம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Плато Лакшмі – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Плато Лакшмі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%89%E7%A5%A5%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="吉祥天高原 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="吉祥天高原" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2368025#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Planum" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Lakshmi_Planum" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Planum"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi_Planum"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Lakshmi_Planum" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Lakshmi_Planum" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages spéciales</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;oldid=155188883" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&amp;page=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;id=155188883&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLakshmi_Planum"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLakshmi_Planum"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Lakshmi+Planum"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2368025" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates" class="noprint"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" title="Cartes, vues aériennes, etc."><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=fr&amp;pagename=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;params=68.6_N_339.3_E_type:scale:100000_globe:Venus_globe:venus"><span class="h-geo geo-dms"><data class="p-latitude" value="68.6">68°&#160;36′&#160;N</data>, <data class="p-longitude" value="339.3">339°&#160;18′&#160;E</data><data class="p-globe" value="venus"></data></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox_v2 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="entete map" style="background-color:#EEE8AA;color:black;">Lakshmi Planum<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r151886662">.mw-parser-output .entete.map{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Picto_infobox_map.png")}</style> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Ishtar_terra_topo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image illustrative de l&#39;article Lakshmi Planum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ishtar_terra_topo.jpg/275px-Ishtar_terra_topo.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ishtar_terra_topo.jpg/413px-Ishtar_terra_topo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ishtar_terra_topo.jpg/550px-Ishtar_terra_topo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1059" /></a></span> <br />Topographie d'<a href="/wiki/Ishtar_Terra" title="Ishtar Terra">Ishtar Terra</a>, avec Lakshmi Planum à l'ouest, <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Montes" title="Maxwell Montes">Maxwell Montes</a> au centre-ouest et <a href="/wiki/Fortuna_Tessera" title="Fortuna Tessera">Fortuna Tessera</a> formant toute la moitié orientale du «&#160;continent.&#160;» </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#EEE8AA; color:#000000">Géographie et géologie</th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Altitudes_et_coordonn%C3%A9es_g%C3%A9ographiques_sur_les_corps_c%C3%A9lestes" title="Altitudes et coordonnées géographiques sur les corps célestes">Coordonnées</a> </th><td><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" title="Cartes, vues aériennes, etc."><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=fr&amp;pagename=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;params=68.6_N_339.3_E_type:scale:100000_globe:Venus_globe:venus"><span class="h-geo geo-dms"><data class="p-latitude" value="68.6">68°&#160;36′&#160;N</data>, <data class="p-longitude" value="339.3">339°&#160;18′&#160;E</data><data class="p-globe" value="venus"></data></span></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Région </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Ishtar_Terra" title="Ishtar Terra">Ishtar Terra</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9omorphologie" title="Géomorphologie">Type de relief</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Planum" title="Planum">Planum</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9ologie_plan%C3%A9taire" title="Géologie planétaire">Nature géologique</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Haut_plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Haut plateau">Haut plateau</a> <a href="/wiki/Volcan" title="Volcan">volcanique</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Diamètre </th> <td>2&#160;345&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Altitudes_et_coordonn%C3%A9es_g%C3%A9ographiques_sur_les_corps_c%C3%A9lestes" title="Altitudes et coordonnées géographiques sur les corps célestes">Altitude</a> </th> <td>3&#160;500&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr> en moyenne </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Quadrangles_de_V%C3%A9nus" title="Quadrangles de Vénus">Quadrangle(s)</a> </th> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/v7_comp.pdf">V-7&#160;: Lakshmi Planum</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Éponyme </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#EEE8AA; color:#000000">Localisation sur Vénus</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><table class="DebutCarte" style="width:auto; margin:0; border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0"><div style="position:relative;;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Venus_map_NASA_JPL_Magellan-Venera-Pioneer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="(Voir situation sur carte : Vénus)"><img alt="(Voir situation sur carte : Vénus)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Venus_map_NASA_JPL_Magellan-Venera-Pioneer.jpg/275px-Venus_map_NASA_JPL_Magellan-Venera-Pioneer.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Venus_map_NASA_JPL_Magellan-Venera-Pioneer.jpg/413px-Venus_map_NASA_JPL_Magellan-Venera-Pioneer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Venus_map_NASA_JPL_Magellan-Venera-Pioneer.jpg/550px-Venus_map_NASA_JPL_Magellan-Venera-Pioneer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a></span> </p> <div style="position:absolute;top:7.1666666666724%;left:44.250000000035%;background:transparent;"><div style="position:absolute;line-height:1;top:-3px;left:-3px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lakshmi Planum"><img alt="Lakshmi Planum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Redpoint.svg/7px-Redpoint.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Redpoint.svg/11px-Redpoint.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Redpoint.svg/14px-Redpoint.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="125" data-file-height="125" /></span></span></div></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #EEE8AA solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit; text-align: right;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:left;"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0"><span class="infodoc">modifier</span></a></span>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_G%C3%A9ographie_de_V%C3%A9nus" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Lakshmi Planum</b> est un <a href="/wiki/Haut_plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Haut plateau">haut plateau</a> de la <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9nus_(plan%C3%A8te)" title="Vénus (planète)">planète Vénus</a>, centré par <span class="nowrap">68,6° N et 339,3° E</span> avec une altitude moyenne de 3&#160;500&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr><sup id="cite_ref-LPI_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPI-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> au-dessus du rayon moyen de la planète. Situé à l'ouest du massif de <a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Montes" title="Maxwell Montes">Maxwell Montes</a>, point culminant de Vénus, il s'étend sur 2&#160;345&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> dans sa plus grande longueur, avec une superficie double de celle du <a href="/wiki/Plateau_tib%C3%A9tain" title="Plateau tibétain">plateau tibétain</a>, et forme l'extrémité occidentale d'<a href="/wiki/Ishtar_Terra" title="Ishtar Terra">Ishtar Terra</a>, le plus septentrional des deux «&#160;continents&#160;» vénusiens. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Géographie"><span id="G.C3.A9ographie"></span>Géographie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Géographie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Géographie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lakshmi Planum est un <a href="/wiki/Haut_plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Haut plateau">haut plateau</a> <a href="/wiki/Volcan" title="Volcan">volcanique</a>, à la surface relativement lisse sans doute largement recouverte de lave. Une grande <a href="/wiki/Caldeira" title="Caldeira">caldeira</a> volcanique se trouve à l'est du plateau (<a href="/wiki/Colette_Patera" title="Colette Patera">Colette Patera</a>) et une autre en son centre (<a href="/wiki/Sacajawea_Patera" title="Sacajawea Patera">Sacajawea Patera</a>), et de multiples volcans plus petits, tels que <a href="/wiki/Siddons_Patera" title="Siddons Patera">Siddons Patera</a>, sont décelables un peu partout sur sa surface. Lakshmi est ceinturé de massifs montagneux, eux-mêmes ceinturés de <a href="/wiki/Tessera_(exog%C3%A9ologie)" title="Tessera (exogéologie)"><i>tesserae</i></a>&#160;: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freyja_Montes" title="Freyja Montes">Freyja Montes</a> au nord, formant un massif ramassé qui culmine à 6&#160;500&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr>, avec, au-delà, <a href="/wiki/Itzpapalotl_Tessera" title="Itzpapalotl Tessera">Itzpapalotl Tessera</a>, large de 300&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> et séparée de <a href="/wiki/Snegurochka_Planitia" title="Snegurochka Planitia">Snegurochka Planitia</a> par l'escarpement d'<a href="/wiki/Uorsar_Rupes" class="mw-redirect" title="Uorsar Rupes">Uorsar Rupes</a>, haut de près de 3&#160;000&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akna_Montes" title="Akna Montes">Akna Montes</a> à l'ouest, formant un massif plus large et relevé sur sa frange sud-est où il culmine à 6&#160;000&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr>, avec, au-delà, <a href="/wiki/Atropos_Tessera" title="Atropos Tessera">Atropos Tessera</a>, large de plus d'un millier de kilomètres sur lesquels l'altitude passe de 4&#160;000&#160;à 0&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danu_Montes" title="Danu Montes">Danu Montes</a> le long de la côte sud où cette chaîne de montagnes, moins élevée (culminant à 5&#160;000&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr>) mais aux pentes abruptes, forme une sorte de <a href="/wiki/Cordill%C3%A8re" title="Cordillère">cordillère</a>, avec, au-delà, <a href="/wiki/Moira_Tessera" title="Moira Tessera">Moira Tessera</a> au sud-ouest et <a href="/wiki/Clotho_Tessera" title="Clotho Tessera">Clotho Tessera</a> au sud, cette dernière descendant graduellement vers <a href="/wiki/Sedna_Planitia" title="Sedna Planitia">Sedna Planitia</a> en perdant 2&#160;000&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr> d'altitude sur 300&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Montes" title="Maxwell Montes">Maxwell Montes</a> à l'est dont le point culminant, à 10&#160;700&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr>, est aussi celui de toute la planète, avec, au-delà, <a href="/wiki/Fortuna_Tessera" title="Fortuna Tessera">Fortuna Tessera</a> s'étendant sur plusieurs milliers de kilomètres vers l'est et le nord-est.</li></ul> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:523px;"> <table style="border: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0;" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0;" class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Lakshmi_Planum_and_Siddons_Patera_PIA00240.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image radar du sud de Lakshmi Planum montrant, au sud, le début de Clotho Tessera et, au nord, les surfaces lisses de Lakshmi. La structure circulaire au centre, Siddons Patera, serait une caldeira volcanique, et les creux allongés sur la gauche seraient des cavités résultant de l&#39;effondrement de tubes de lave."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Lakshmi_Planum_and_Siddons_Patera_PIA00240.jpg/300px-Lakshmi_Planum_and_Siddons_Patera_PIA00240.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="355" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Lakshmi_Planum_and_Siddons_Patera_PIA00240.jpg/450px-Lakshmi_Planum_and_Siddons_Patera_PIA00240.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Lakshmi_Planum_and_Siddons_Patera_PIA00240.jpg/600px-Lakshmi_Planum_and_Siddons_Patera_PIA00240.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3073" data-file-height="3633" /></a></span> </td> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0; width: 2px"> </td> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0;" class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:PIA00085-cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image radar du sud de Lakshmi Planum montrant, au sud, le début de Clotho Tessera et, au nord, les surfaces lisses de Lakshmi. La structure circulaire au centre, Siddons Patera, serait une caldeira volcanique, et les creux allongés sur la gauche seraient des cavités résultant de l&#39;effondrement de tubes de lave."><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/PIA00085-cropped.jpg/215px-PIA00085-cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="357" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/PIA00085-cropped.jpg/323px-PIA00085-cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/PIA00085-cropped.jpg/430px-PIA00085-cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="844" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0;"><div class="thumbcaption">Image radar du sud de Lakshmi Planum montrant, au sud, le début de <a href="/wiki/Clotho_Tessera" title="Clotho Tessera">Clotho Tessera</a> et, au nord, les surfaces lisses de Lakshmi. La structure circulaire au centre, <a href="/wiki/Siddons_Patera" title="Siddons Patera">Siddons Patera</a>, serait une <a href="/wiki/Caldeira" title="Caldeira">caldeira</a> <a href="/wiki/Volcan" title="Volcan">volcanique</a>, et les creux allongés sur la gauche seraient des cavités résultant de l'effondrement de <a href="/wiki/Tube_de_lave" class="mw-redirect" title="Tube de lave">tubes de lave</a>.</div> </td> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0;"> </td> <td style="padding: 0; margin: 0; border: 0;"><div class="thumbcaption">Réseau de stries observé au sud de cette région, par <span class="nowrap">30° N et 333,3° E</span> (donc, bien au sud de Lakshmi Planum), sur les hauteurs séparant <a href="/wiki/Guinevere_Planitia" title="Guinevere Planitia">Guinevere Planitia</a> de <a href="/wiki/Sedna_Planitia" title="Sedna Planitia">Sedna Planitia</a>, type de terrain unique dans le <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_solaire" title="Système solaire">système solaire</a>.</div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><div class="clear" style="clear:left;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Géologie"><span id="G.C3.A9ologie"></span>Géologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Géologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Géologie"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il s'agirait d'une région volcanique aux surfaces géologiquement plus jeunes (datant de la seconde moitié du Guinevérien, soit quelques centaines de millions d'années<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>) que les plaines, elles aussi volcaniques, situées en contrebas et datées de 1,0&#160;à 0,5&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="milliard d&#39;années"><a href="/wiki/Giga" title="Giga">G</a><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_julienne" title="Année julienne">a</a></abbr><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> mais plus récemment du Fortunien au début du Guinevérien<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, la chaîne d'<a href="/wiki/Akna_Montes" title="Akna Montes">Akna Montes</a> semblant même encore postérieure (datant de l'Aurélien, sans doute moins de 50&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="million d&#39;années"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ga" title="Méga">M</a><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9e_julienne" title="Année julienne">a</a></abbr>) à en juger par les déformations constatées sur les terrains adjacents des plaines de Lakshmi<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Un scénario proposé dans les années 1990 pour rendre compte des différentes observations d'alors expose que Lakshmi Planum correspondrait à un <a href="/wiki/Bouclier_(g%C3%A9ologie)" title="Bouclier (géologie)">bouclier</a> terrestre, c'est-à-dire un fragment d'écorce ancienne d'altitude moyenne, qui aurait subi dans un premier temps des forces d'extension à l'origine d'épanchements de lave fluide à travers des <a href="/wiki/Fissure_volcanique" title="Fissure volcanique">fissures volcaniques</a> à la manière des <a href="/wiki/Trapps_du_Deccan" title="Trapps du Deccan">trapps du Deccan</a>, avant de subir dans un second temps des forces de compression à l'origine des reliefs qui ceinturent le haut plateau et qui semblent postérieurs à sa surface<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Ce scénario a été affiné lors d'une communication de 1998 au cours de laquelle une distinction a été faite entre d'un côté le nord et l'ouest de Lakshmi, et de l'autre le sud du haut plateau<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>: s'il y a bien eu compression tardive au nord et à l'ouest, le scénario au sud est plus complexe, comprenant la scission par glissement des deux <i>tesserae</i> (Moira à l'ouest et Clotho à l'est) avec, à l'est, des formations d'extension (<a href="/wiki/Graben" title="Graben">grabens</a>) et non de compression&#160;; <a href="/wiki/Clotho_Tessera" title="Clotho Tessera">Clotho Tessera</a> est d'ailleurs la région vénusienne présentant la plus forte concentration de structures matérialisant une expansion crustale. </p><p>Cette genèse complexe est bien illustrée par les réseaux de stries quasiment orthogonales observés au sud de Lakshmi Planum, entre les plaines volcaniques de <a href="/wiki/Guinevere_Planitia" title="Guinevere Planitia">Guinevere</a> et de <a href="/wiki/Sedna_Planitia" title="Sedna Planitia">Sedna</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/3244">USGS Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature – Feature Information</a> «&#160;<i>Lakshmi Planum</i>.&#160;»</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LPI-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-LPI_2-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/slidesets/venus/slide_14.html">Lunar and Planetary Institute</a> «&#160;<i>Venus tesserae and mountains – Ishtar Terra</i>.&#160;»</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc97/pdf/1002.PDF">Lunar and Planetary Science <abbr class="abbr" title="28"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XXVIII</span></abbr> (1997)</a> A. A. Pronin, «&#160;<i>Stratigraphic position of some coronae on Venus</i>.&#160;»</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <span class="ouvrage" id="E._R._Stofan,_J._W._Head_et_D._B._Campbell1987"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur">E. R. Stofan, J. W. Head et D. B. Campbell</span>, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Geology of the southern Ishtar Terra/Guinevere and Sedna Planitae region on Venus</cite>&#160;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Earth, Moon, and Planets</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;38, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;2,&#8206; <time class="nowrap" datetime="1987-06" data-sort-value="1987-06">juin 1987</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">183-207</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0167-9295">0167-9295</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/r25t114ju6727w1w/">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Geology+of+the+southern+Ishtar+Terra%2FGuinevere+and+Sedna+Planitae+region+on+Venus&amp;rft.jtitle=Earth%2C+Moon%2C+and+Planets&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.aulast=E.+R.+Stofan%2C+J.+W.+Head+et+D.+B.+Campbell&amp;rft.date=1987-06&amp;rft.volume=38&amp;rft.pages=183-207&amp;rft.issn=0167-9295&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALakshmi+Planum"></span></span><br /><small class="plainlinks noarchive"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00119682">10.1007/BF00119682</a></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <span class="ouvrage" id="Alexander_T._Basilevsky,_et_James_W._Head1995"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur">Alexander T. Basilevsky, et James W. Head</span>, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Regional and global stratigraphy of Venus: a preliminary assessment and implications for the geological history of Venus</cite>&#160;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Planetary and Space Science</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;43, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;12,&#8206; <time class="nowrap" datetime="1995-12" data-sort-value="1995-12">décembre 1995</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">1523-1553</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6V6T-3YS8M9G-3&amp;_user=10&amp;_coverDate=12%2F31%2F1995&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_fmt=high&amp;_orig=search&amp;_sort=d&amp;_docanchor=&amp;view=c&amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=0df7c98eb3a5edc5c6cd864004d9fb34">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Regional+and+global+stratigraphy+of+Venus%3A+a+preliminary+assessment+and+implications+for+the+geological+history+of+Venus&amp;rft.jtitle=Planetary+and+Space+Science&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.aulast=Alexander+T.+Basilevsky%2C+et+James+W.+Head&amp;rft.date=1995-12&amp;rft.volume=43&amp;rft.pages=1523-1553&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALakshmi+Planum"></span></span><br /><small class="plainlinks noarchive"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0032-0633%2895%2900070-4">10.1016/0032-0633(95)00070-4</a></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc1996/pdf/1035.pdf">Lunar and Planetary Institute <abbr class="abbr" title="27"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XXVII</span></abbr> (1996)</a> A. T. Basilevsy et J. W. Head, «&#160;<i>Regional and global stratigraphy of Venus: a preliminary assessment and implications for the geologic history of Venus</i>,&#160;» conduisant à une représentation du type (dates en millions d'années&#160;; «&#160;Guinevér.&#160;» signifie «&#160;Guinevérien&#160;»&#160;; «&#160;A.&#160;» signifie «&#160;Aurélien&#160;»)&#160;:<br /> <div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_nxdhfx667jze1hoxlj4493tbssn2oaw"></map><img usemap="#timeline_nxdhfx667jze1hoxlj4493tbssn2oaw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/fr/timeline/nxdhfx667jze1hoxlj4493tbssn2oaw.png" /></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00250">NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Caltech Photojournal – 14 mars 1996</a> «&#160;<i>PIA00250: Venus – Wanda Crater in Akna Montes</i>.&#160;»</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <span class="ouvrage" id="V._Ansan,_P._Vergely_et_Ph._Masson1996"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <span class="nom_auteur">V. Ansan, P. Vergely et Ph. Masson</span>, «&#160;<cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Model of formation of Ishtar Terra, Venus</cite>&#160;», <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Planetary and Space Science</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;44, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr>&#160;8,&#8206; <time class="nowrap" datetime="1996-08" data-sort-value="1996-08">août 1996</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr>&#160;<span class="nowrap">817-831</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&amp;_udi=B6V6T-3VV3G78-8&amp;_user=10&amp;_coverDate=08%2F31%2F1996&amp;_rdoc=1&amp;_fmt=high&amp;_orig=search&amp;_sort=d&amp;_docanchor=&amp;view=c&amp;_acct=C000050221&amp;_version=1&amp;_urlVersion=0&amp;_userid=10&amp;md5=f83269ec6b5bc5213d51ae8436f82edc">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Model+of+formation+of+Ishtar+Terra%2C+Venus&amp;rft.jtitle=Planetary+and+Space+Science&amp;rft.issue=8&amp;rft.aulast=V.+Ansan%2C+P.+Vergely+et+Ph.+Masson&amp;rft.date=1996-08&amp;rft.volume=44&amp;rft.pages=817-831&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALakshmi+Planum"></span></span><br /><small class="plainlinks noarchive"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0032-0633%2896%2900012-8">10.1016/0032-0633(96)00012-8</a></small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/LPSC98/pdf/1586.pdf">Lunar and Planetary Science <abbr class="abbr" title="29"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">XXIX</span></abbr> (1998)</a> «&#160;<i>Geological analysis of western Ishtar Terra margins, Venus</i>.&#160;»</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00085">NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Caltech Photojournal – 29 janvier 1996</a> «&#160;<i>PIA00085: Venus - Lineated Plains in Lakshmi Region</i>.&#160;»</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annexes">Annexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : Annexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Annexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quadrangle_(V%C3%A9nus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Quadrangle (Vénus)">Quadrangle (Vénus)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/images/Ishtar.pdf">USGS Planetary Names – Ishtar Terra</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF)">[PDF]</abbr> Carte altimétrique du quadrangle d'Ishtar Terra (<a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Geological Survey">USGS</a> I-2490).</li></ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_V%C3%A9nus" title="Modèle:Palette Vénus"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_V%C3%A9nus&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9nus_(plan%C3%A8te)" title="Vénus (planète)">Vénus</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Généralités</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmosph%C3%A8re_de_V%C3%A9nus" title="Atmosphère de Vénus">Atmosphère</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrangles_de_V%C3%A9nus" title="Quadrangles de Vénus">Quadrangles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9ologie_de_V%C3%A9nus" title="Géologie de Vénus">Géologie</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liste_des_formations_g%C3%A9ologiques_de_V%C3%A9nus" title="Liste des formations géologiques de Vénus">liste</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volcanisme_sur_V%C3%A9nus" title="Volcanisme sur Vénus">Volcanisme sur Vénus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farrum" title="Farrum">Farrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachno%C3%AFde_(exog%C3%A9ologie)" title="Arachnoïde (exogéologie)">Arachnoïde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_terrae_sur_V%C3%A9nus" title="Liste de terrae sur Vénus">Terrae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_crat%C3%A8res_de_V%C3%A9nus" title="Liste des cratères de Vénus">Cratères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undae#Vénus" title="Undae">Undae</a></li></ul> </div></td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:7px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Venus-real_color.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Venus-real_color.jpg/150px-Venus-real_color.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Venus-real_color.jpg/225px-Venus-real_color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Venus-real_color.jpg/300px-Venus-real_color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Régions</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Regio" title="Alpha Regio">Alpha Regio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atla_Regio" title="Atla Regio">Atla Regio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodite_Terra" title="Aphrodite Terra">Aphrodite Terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bereghinya_Planitia" title="Bereghinya Planitia">Bereghinya Planitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Regio" title="Beta Regio">Beta Regio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eistla_Regio" title="Eistla Regio">Eistla Regio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinevere_Planitia" title="Guinevere Planitia">Guinevere Planitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishtar_Terra" title="Ishtar Terra">Ishtar Terra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lada_Terra" title="Lada Terra">Lada Terra</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lakshmi Planum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovda_Regio" title="Ovda Regio">Ovda Regio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_Regio" title="Phoebe Regio">Région de Phœbé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedna_Planitia" title="Sedna Planitia">Sedna Planitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snegurochka_Planitia" title="Snegurochka Planitia">Snegurochka Planitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis_Regio" title="Thetis Regio">Thetis Regio</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Tessera_(exog%C3%A9ologie)" title="Tessera (exogéologie)">Tesserae</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atropos_Tessera" title="Atropos Tessera">Atropos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotho_Tessera" title="Clotho Tessera">Clotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortuna_Tessera" title="Fortuna Tessera">Fortuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itzpapalotl_Tessera" title="Itzpapalotl Tessera">Itzpapalotl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laima_Tessera" title="Laima Tessera">Laima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moira_Tessera" title="Moira Tessera">Moira</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_montes_sur_V%C3%A9nus" title="Liste de montes sur Vénus">Montagnes</a> (*)</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abeona_Mons" title="Abeona Mons">Abeona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akna_Montes" title="Akna Montes">Akna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciuacoatl_Mons" title="Ciuacoatl Mons">Ciuacoatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danu_Montes" title="Danu Montes">Danu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freyja_Montes" title="Freyja Montes">Freyja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Montes" title="Maxwell Montes">Maxwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skadi_Mons" title="Skadi Mons">Skadi</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Volcanisme_sur_V%C3%A9nus" title="Volcanisme sur Vénus">Volcans</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anala_Mons" title="Anala Mons">Anala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colette_Patera" title="Colette Patera">Colette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gula_Mons" title="Gula Mons">Gula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irnini_Mons" title="Irnini Mons">Irnini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maat_Mons" title="Maat Mons">Maat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozza_Mons" title="Ozza Mons">Ozza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacajawea_Patera" title="Sacajawea Patera">Sacajawea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapas_Mons" title="Sapas Mons">Sapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sappho_Patera" title="Sappho Patera">Sappho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddons_Patera" title="Siddons Patera">Siddons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sif_Mons" title="Sif Mons">Sif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia_Mons" title="Theia Mons">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ushas_Mons" title="Ushas Mons">Ushas</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coron%C3%A6_sur_V%C3%A9nus" title="Liste de coronæ sur Vénus">Coronae</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#A" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#B" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#C" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#D" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#E" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#F" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#G" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#H" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#I" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#J" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#K" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#L" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#M" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#N" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#O" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">O</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#P" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#Q" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">Q</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#R" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#S" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#T" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#U" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#V" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#W" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#X" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#Y" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liste_de_coronae_sur_V%C3%A9nus#Z" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste de coronae sur Vénus">Z</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Autres</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_Chasma" title="Artemis Chasma">Artemis Chasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vall%C3%A9e_d%27Anouket" title="Vallée d&#39;Anouket">Vallée d'Anouket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltis_Vallis" title="Baltis Vallis">Baltis Vallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayara_Vallis" title="Bayara Vallis">Bayara Vallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmenta_Farra" title="Carmenta Farra">Carmenta Farra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9op%C3%A2tre_(crat%C3%A8re)" title="Cléopâtre (cratère)">Cratère Cléopâtre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganis_Chasma" title="Ganis Chasma">Ganis Chasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoritsu_Farra" title="Seoritsu Farra">Seoritsu Farra</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Exploration_de_V%C3%A9nus" title="Exploration de Vénus">Exploration</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liste_des_objets_artificiels_sur_V%C3%A9nus" title="Liste des objets artificiels sur Vénus">Liste des objets artificiels sur Vénus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Venera" title="Programme Venera">Programme <i>Venera</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_Vega" class="mw-redirect" title="Programme Vega">Programme <i>Vega</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Venus" title="Pioneer Venus">Pioneer Venus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magellan_(sonde_spatiale)" title="Magellan (sonde spatiale)">Magellan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Venus_Express" title="Venus Express">Venus Express</a></i></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Articles liés</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ast%C3%A9ro%C3%AFde_cyth%C3%A9rocroiseur" title="Astéroïde cythérocroiseur">Astéroïde cythérocroiseur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vie_sur_V%C3%A9nus" title="Vie sur Vénus">Vie sur Vénus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonisation_de_V%C3%A9nus" title="Colonisation de Vénus">Colonisation de Vénus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9nus_dans_la_fiction" title="Vénus dans la fiction">Vénus dans la fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89osphoros_et_Hesp%C3%A9ros" title="Éosphoros et Hespéros">Éosphoros et Hespéros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phases_de_V%C3%A9nus" title="Phases de Vénus">Phases de Vénus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraformation_de_V%C3%A9nus" title="Terraformation de Vénus">Terraformation de Vénus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_de_V%C3%A9nus" title="Transit de Vénus">Transit de Vénus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8re_cendr%C3%A9e_de_V%C3%A9nus" title="Lumière cendrée de Vénus">Lumière cendrée de Vénus</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-banner" style="" colspan="3">(*) <i>hors volcans actifs, listés dans la ligne suivante</i></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronomie" title="Portail de l’astronomie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg/25px-Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg/37px-Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg/50px-Noun_Astronomy_Icon2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="730" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Astronomie" title="Portail:Astronomie">Portail de l’astronomie</a></span> </span></li> </ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐6b8d669998‐9wn9k Cached time: 20241128091356 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.265 seconds Real time usage: 0.423 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2428/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 80745/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 21766/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12188/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.095/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4345257/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 359.371 1 -total 41.02% 147.424 1 Modèle:Références 39.40% 141.591 1 Modèle:Infobox_Géographie_de_Vénus 38.50% 138.348 1 Modèle:Infobox_Géographie_planétaire 13.06% 46.917 1 Modèle:Infobox/Ligne_mixte_latitude_longitude_optionnelle 8.96% 32.184 3 Modèle:Article 7.87% 28.289 1 Modèle:Infobox/Titre 7.40% 26.591 15 Modèle:Unité 6.43% 23.099 7 Modèle:En 6.11% 21.964 1 Modèle:Indication_de_langue --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key frwiki:pcache:3618968:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241128091356 and revision id 155188883. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&amp;useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de «&#160;<a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;oldid=155188883">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;oldid=155188883</a>&#160;».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_g%C3%A9olocalis%C3%A9_sur_V%C3%A9nus" title="Catégorie:Article géolocalisé sur Vénus">Article géolocalisé sur Vénus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Planum_sur_V%C3%A9nus" title="Catégorie:Planum sur Vénus">Planum sur Vénus</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Quadrangle_d%27Ishtar_Terra" title="Catégorie:Quadrangle d&#039;Ishtar Terra">Quadrangle d'Ishtar Terra</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_utilisant_une_frise_chronologique" title="Catégorie:Page utilisant une frise chronologique">Page utilisant une frise chronologique</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Page_avec_coordonn%C3%A9es_similaires_sur_Wikidata" title="Catégorie:Page avec coordonnées similaires sur Wikidata">Page avec coordonnées similaires sur Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_une_Infobox" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox">Article utilisant une Infobox</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_g%C3%A9olocalis%C3%A9_extraterrestre" title="Catégorie:Article géolocalisé extraterrestre">Article géolocalisé extraterrestre</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Astronomie/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Astronomie/Articles liés">Portail:Astronomie/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Sciences_de_la_Terre_et_de_l%27Univers/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Sciences de la Terre et de l&#039;Univers/Articles liés">Portail:Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers/Articles liés</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Portail:Sciences/Articles_li%C3%A9s" title="Catégorie:Portail:Sciences/Articles liés">Portail:Sciences/Articles liés</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 27 décembre 2018 à 22:36.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Citation_et_r%C3%A9utilisation_du_contenu_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia" title="Wikipédia:Citation et réutilisation du contenu de Wikipédia">Droit d'auteur</a>&#160;: les textes sont disponibles sous <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions</a>&#160;; d’autres conditions peuvent s’appliquer. Voyez les <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/fr">conditions d’utilisation</a> pour plus de détails, ainsi que les <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cr%C3%A9dits_graphiques" title="Wikipédia:Crédits graphiques">crédits graphiques</a>. En cas de réutilisation des textes de cette page, voyez <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer/Lakshmi_Planum" title="Spécial:Citer/Lakshmi Planum">comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence</a>.<br /> Wikipedia® est une marque déposée de la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, organisation de bienfaisance régie par le paragraphe <a href="/wiki/501c" title="501c">501(c)(3)</a> du code fiscal des États-Unis.</span><br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/fr">Politique de confidentialité</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%80_propos_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia">À propos de Wikipédia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Avertissements_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux">Avertissements</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipédia:Contact">Contact</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code de conduite</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Développeurs</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/fr.wikipedia.org">Statistiques</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Déclaration sur les témoins (cookies)</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//fr.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lakshmi_Planum&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Version mobile</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-48l5j","wgBackendResponseTime":168,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.265","walltime":"0.423","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2428,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":80745,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":21766,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":12188,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 359.371 1 -total"," 41.02% 147.424 1 Modèle:Références"," 39.40% 141.591 1 Modèle:Infobox_Géographie_de_Vénus"," 38.50% 138.348 1 Modèle:Infobox_Géographie_planétaire"," 13.06% 46.917 1 Modèle:Infobox/Ligne_mixte_latitude_longitude_optionnelle"," 8.96% 32.184 3 Modèle:Article"," 7.87% 28.289 1 Modèle:Infobox/Titre"," 7.40% 26.591 15 Modèle:Unité"," 6.43% 23.099 7 Modèle:En"," 6.11% 21.964 1 Modèle:Indication_de_langue"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.095","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4345257,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b8d669998-9wn9k","timestamp":"20241128091356","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Lakshmi Planum","url":"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lakshmi_Planum","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2368025","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2368025","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributeurs aux projets Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Fondation Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2009-02-04T19:51:39Z","dateModified":"2018-12-27T21:36:52Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7b\/Ishtar_terra_topo.jpg","headline":"planum sur V\u00e9nus"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10