Services | Tax, Transfer Pricing, International Tax

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href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/business-advisory-services/corporate-establishment">Nominee Director </a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/outbound-direct-investment">Outbound Direct Investment </a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/payroll-human-resource-administration/global-staffing-solutions">Professional Employer Organization</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="cta-banner-block"><img src="https://dp3rhc3eohw2j.cloudfront.net/assets/img/mm-images/service-areas/Corporate-Establishment.jpg" width="276"> <p>Our corporate establishment and governance services ensure your business is set up efficiently and operates within requisite legal frameworks across Asia.</p> <div class="b-cta-list"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/contact">Contact us today</a><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/brochure">View our corporate brochures</a><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/success-stories/testimonials">Success stories</a></div> </div> </div> <h3 class="mega-mtab-heading" rel="mgtab29">境外直接投资</h3> <div class="mega-mtab-content" id="mgtab29"> <div class="page-link-block"> <h3 class="service-page-heading">境外直接投资</h3> <h4 class="service-page-subheading"><a href="/cn/services/outbound-direct-investment">境外直接投资咨询</a></h4> <ul> <li><a href="/location/china">中文事务部</a></li> <li><a href="/cn/services/business-advisory/mergers-acquisitions-services">并购</a></li> <li><a href="/cn/services/business-advisory-services/corporate-establishment">公司设立与治理</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="cta-banner-block"><img src="https://dp3rhc3eohw2j.cloudfront.net/assets/img/mm-images/service-areas/Corporate-Establishment.jpg" width="276"> <p>我们的境外投资咨询团队致力于为有意拓展海外业务的中国及亚洲企业提供专业且全面的服务。</p> <div class="b-cta-list"> <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/location/china#contact">联系我们</a> </div> </div> </div> <h3 class="mega-mtab-heading" rel="mgtab30">HR and Payroll</h3> <div class="mega-mtab-content" id="mgtab30"> <div class="page-link-block"> <h3 class="service-page-heading">HR and Payroll</h3> <h4 class="service-page-subheading"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/payroll-human-resource-administration">Our HR and Payroll Services</a></h4> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/payroll-human-resource-administration/asiaadmin">asiaadmin® - Your HR and Payroll Solution for Asia</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/payroll-human-resource-administration/recruitment-services">Executive Search and Recruitment</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/payroll-human-resource-administration#Human Resources">Human Resources</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/payroll-human-resource-administration#Payroll">Payroll</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/payroll-human-resource-administration/global-staffing-solutions">PEO and Global Staffing Solutions</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="cta-banner-block"><img src="https://dp3rhc3eohw2j.cloudfront.net/assets/img/mm-images/service-areas/HR.jpg" width="276"> <p>Our HR services in Asia ensure your business meets local compliance, attracts top talent, and implements effective HR strategies for sustained growth.</p> <div class="b-cta-list"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/contact">Contact us today</a><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/brochure">View our corporate brochures</a><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/success-stories/testimonials">Success stories</a></div> </div> </div> <h3 class="mega-mtab-heading" rel="mgtab32">Mergers and Acquisitions</h3> <div class="mega-mtab-content" id="mgtab32"> <div class="page-link-block"> <h3 class="service-page-heading">Mergers and Acquisitions</h3> <h4 class="service-page-subheading"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/business-advisory/mergers-acquisitions-services">Our M&A Services</a></h4> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/legal-financial-due-diligence">Due Diligence</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/business-advisory/mergers-acquisitions-services#Initial%20Offer%20and%20Negotiation">Initial Offer and Negotiation</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/business-advisory/mergers-acquisitions-services#Post-Merger%20Integration">Post-Merger Integration</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/business-advisory/mergers-acquisitions-services#Signing%20and%20Deal%20Closing">Signing and Deal Closing</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/business-advisory/mergers-acquisitions-services#Target%20Research%20and%20Identification">Target Research and Identification</a></li>  </ul> </div> <div class="cta-banner-block"><img src="https://dp3rhc3eohw2j.cloudfront.net/assets/img/mm-images/service-areas/M&A.jpg" width="276"> <p>Navigating an M&A transaction in Asia successfully requires overcoming unique regulatory, transparency, and other “emerging market” factors. We specialize in dedicated and cross-functional M&A project support.</p> <div class="b-cta-list"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/contact">Contact us today</a><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/brochure">View our corporate brochures</a><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/success-stories/testimonials">Success stories</a></div> </div> </div> <h3 class="mega-mtab-heading" rel="mgtab44">Risk Management, Compliance and ESG.</h3> <div class="mega-mtab-content" id="mgtab44"> <div class="page-link-block"> <h3 class="service-page-heading">Risk Management, Compliance <br>and ESG</h3> <h4 class="service-page-subheading"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/risk-management-compliance">Our Risk Management and Compliance Services</a></h4> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/risk-management/esg-compliance-and-sustainability">Sustainability and ESG Compliance</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/risk-management-compliance#Fraud Prevention">Fraud Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/risk-management-compliance#Financial%20Statement%20Audits">Financial Statement Audits</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/risk-management-compliance#Risk%20Advisory%20and%20Fraud%20Investigations">Risk Advisory and Fraud Investigations</a></li>  <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/risk-management-compliance#Special%20Purpose%20Reviews">Special Purpose Reviews</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/risk-management-compliance#Yearly%20Statutory%20Audits">Yearly Statutory Audits</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="cta-banner-block"><img src="https://dp3rhc3eohw2j.cloudfront.net/assets/img/mm-images/service-areas/Risk.jpg" width="276"> <p>Businesses require dependable solutions to ensure strong risk management and compliance. We help create sustainable value in Asia by better addressing areas of operational, financial, and reputational risk.</p> <div class="b-cta-list"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/contact">Contact us today</a><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/brochure">View our corporate brochures</a><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/success-stories/testimonials">Success stories</a></div> </div> </div> <h3 class="mega-mtab-heading" rel="mgtab45">Tax</h3> <div class="mega-mtab-content" id="mgtab45"> <div class="page-link-block"> <h3 class="service-page-heading">Tax</h3> <h4 class="service-page-subheading"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/tax">Our Taxation Services</a></h4> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/tax#Corporate%20Tax">Corporate Tax</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/tax#Indirect%20Tax%20(including VAT, GST etc.)">Indirect Tax (including VAT, GST etc.)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/tax#Individual%20Income%20Tax">Individual Income Tax</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/tax#International%20Tax,%20Cross-Border%20Tax%20and%20Transactions">International Tax, Cross-Border Tax and Transactions</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/tax#Transfer%20Pricing">Transfer Pricing</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="cta-banner-block"><img src="https://dp3rhc3eohw2j.cloudfront.net/assets/img/mm-images/service-areas/Tax.jpg" width="276"> <p>Tax planning considerations and regulations are complex and often changing, particularly in emerging markets. We help companies expertly navigate Asia’s corporate, indirect, individual, international tax, and transfer pricing domains.</p> <div class="b-cta-list"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/contact">Contact us today</a><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/brochure">View our corporate brochures</a><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/success-stories/testimonials">Success stories</a></div> </div> </div> <h3 class="mega-mtab-heading" rel="mgtab46">Technology</h3> <div class="mega-mtab-content" id="mgtab46"> <div class="page-link-block"> <h3 class="service-page-heading">Technology</h3> <h4 class="service-page-subheading"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/information-technology-solutions">Our Technology Services</a></h4> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/information-technology-solutions#Cloud%20Applications">Cloud Applications</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/information-technology-solutions#Cybersecurity%20and%20Audit">Cybersecurity and Audit</a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/accounting-reporting/digital-expense-management">Digital Expense Management (China) </a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/information-technology/cybersecurity-and-compliance-advisory">Data Privacy and Compliance</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/information-technology/erp-advisory-localization-and-integration">ERP and Information Systems</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/information-technology-solutions#IT%20Infrastructure%20and%20Integration%20Services">IT Infrastructure and Integration Services</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/information-technology-solutions#Transformation%20and%20Cloud%20Services">Transformation and Cloud Services</a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/accounting-reporting/lightweight-client-erp-for-accounting-services-customers">Lightweight ERP Service Bundle</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/services/information-technology/virtual-cio-service">Virtual CIO and Advisory Services</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="cta-banner-block"><img src="https://dp3rhc3eohw2j.cloudfront.net/assets/img/mm-images/service-areas/Technology.jpg" width="276"> <p>Operating in Asia requires navigating local technology solutions, compliance regimes, and languages. We provide resources and solutions that businesses need to stay ahead of the curve.</p> <div class="b-cta-list"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/contact">Contact us today</a><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/brochure">View our corporate brochures</a><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/success-stories/testimonials">Success stories</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="servicetabcontent" id="industryFocus"> <ul class="mega-mtabs tabs-margin-top mega-mtabs-scroll"> <li class="active" rel="mgtab01"> <span><a href="/industries/education">Education</a></span></li> <li rel="mgtab34"> <span><a href="/industries/entertainment-sports">Entertainment and Sports</a></span></li> <li rel="mgtab35"> <span><a href="/industries/environment-cleantech">Environment and Cleantech</a></span></li> <li rel="mgtab36"> <span><a href="/industries/food-beverage">Food and Beverage</a></span></li> <li rel="mgtab37"> <span><a href="/industries/healthcare">Healthcare</a></span></li> <li rel="mgtab38"> <span><a href="/industries/information-technology">Information Technology</a></span></li> <li rel="mgtab39"> <span><a href="/industries/manufacturing">Manufacturing</a></span></li> <li rel="mgtab40"> <span><a href="/industries/non-governmental-organizations">Non-Governmental Organizations</a></span></li> <li rel="mgtab41"> <span><a href="/industries/professional-services">Professional Services</a></span></li> <li rel="mgtab42"> <span><a href="/industries/trade-and-e-commerce">Trade and E-commerce</a></span></li> </ul> <div class="mega-mtab-container padding-top-tab-content"> <h3 class="d_active mega-mtab-heading" rel="mgtab01">Education</h3> <div class="mega-mtab-content" id="mgtab01"> <div class="page-link-block"> <h3 class="service-page-heading">Education</h3> <h4 class="service-page-subheading"> <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/industries/education">How We Can Help </a></h4> <h5 class="featured-insight-heading">FEATURED INSIGHTS</h5> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.china-briefing.com/news/chinas-education-sector-latest-trends-and-policies/" target="_blank">China’s Education Sector: Latest Trends and Policies </a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/investing-india-education-market-online-FDI-tax-regulations.html" target="_blank">Investing in India's Education Market</a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/cambodia-issues-tax-incentives-education-sector/" target="_blank">Cambodia Issues Tax Incentives for the Education Sector </a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/doing-business-guide/vietnam/sector-insights/industry-spotlight-vietnam-s-growing-appetite-for-education" target="_blank">Education in Vietnam: Opportunities and Challenges </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="cta-banner-block"><img src="https://dp3rhc3eohw2j.cloudfront.net/assets/img/mm-images/industry-focus/Education.jpg" width="276"> <p>Investors in Asia's growing education sector face restrictive caps, evolving regulations, and technological disruptions. Our expertise helps you navigate these challenges successfully.</p> <div class="b-cta-list"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/contact">See how we can support your business</a></div> </div> </div> <h3 class="mega-mtab-heading" rel="mgtab34">Entertainment and Sports</h3> <div class="mega-mtab-content" id="mgtab34"> <div class="page-link-block"> <h3 class="service-page-heading">Entertainment and Sports</h3> <h4 class="service-page-subheading"> <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/industries/entertainment-sports">How We Can Help </a></h4> <h5 class="featured-insight-heading">FEATURED INSIGHTS</h5> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-eases-foreign-ownership-restrictions-for-theme-park-cinema-and-entertainment-exhibition-operators/" target="_blank">China Eases Foreign Ownership Restrictions for Theme Park, Cinema, and Entertainment Exhibition Operators </a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.india-briefing.com/news/indias-skill-gaming-industry-investment-outlook-regulatory-landscape-24879.html/" target="_blank">India’s Skill Gaming Industry: Investment Outlook and Regulatory Landscape </a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/swiftonomics-fueling-singapores-entertainment-hub-growth/" target="_blank">Swiftonomics: Fueling Singapore’s Entertainment Hub Growth </a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/the-video-game-industry-in-vietnam-opportunities-and-challenges.html/" target="_blank">The Video Game Industry in Vietnam: Opportunities and Challenges </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="cta-banner-block"><img src="https://dp3rhc3eohw2j.cloudfront.net/assets/img/mm-images/industry-focus/Entertainment.jpg" width="276"> <p>Asia's entertainment and sports industries are booming, driven by new trends and innovations. We help you navigate the complex market and regulatory landscape.</p> <div class="b-cta-list"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/contact">See how we can support your business</a></div> </div> </div> <h3 class="mega-mtab-heading" rel="mgtab35">Environment and Cleantech</h3> <div class="mega-mtab-content" id="mgtab35"> <div class="page-link-block"> <h3 class="service-page-heading">Environment and Cleantech</h3> <h4 class="service-page-subheading"> <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/industries/environment-cleantech">How We Can Help </a></h4> <h5 class="featured-insight-heading">FEATURED INSIGHTS</h5> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.china-briefing.com/news/china-tax-incentive-special-equipment-green-digital-development/" target="_blank">China Offers Special Equipment Tax Incentive for Green and Digital Development </a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/investing-india-green-economy-technology-investing.html" target="_blank">Investing in India’s Green Economy </a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/prospects-electric-battery-production-indonesia.html" target="_blank">Prospects for Electric Battery Production in Indonesia </a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/esg-focus-among-foreign-businesses-in-vietnam-vbf-report-highlights.html/" target="_blank">ESG Strategy a Key Focus Area for Foreign Businesses in Vietnam </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="cta-banner-block"><img src="https://dp3rhc3eohw2j.cloudfront.net/assets/img/mm-images/industry-focus/Environment.jpg" width="276"> <p>The escalating threat of climate change, growing government regulations, and rapid technological advancements create a complex landscape for operating in Asia's environment and cleantech industry. Our experts help you navigate these challenges effectively.</p> <div class="b-cta-list"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/contact">See how we can support your business</a></div> </div> </div> <h3 class="mega-mtab-heading" rel="mgtab36">Food and Beverage</h3> <div class="mega-mtab-content" id="mgtab36"> <div class="page-link-block"> <h3 class="service-page-heading">Food and Beverage</h3> <h4 class="service-page-subheading"> <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/industries/food-beverage">How We Can Help </a></h4> <h5 class="featured-insight-heading">FEATURED INSIGHTS</h5> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.china-briefing.com/doing-business-guide/china/sector-insights/exporting-food-products-to-china-a-step-by-step-guide" target="_blank">Exporting Food Products to China: A Step by Step Guide </a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.india-briefing.com/news/indias-food-processing-industry-sees-over-inr-70-billion-in-investments-under-pli-scheme-30535.html/" target="_blank">India’s Food Processing Industry Sees Over INR 70 Billion in Investments Under PLI Scheme</a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/doing-business-guide/indonesia/company-establishment/halal-certification-guide" target="_blank">Comprehensive Guide to Halal Certification in Indonesia </a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/vietnam-market-entry-strategy-for-foreign-f-b-companies-9869.html" target="_blank">Vietnam Market Entry Strategy for Foreign F&B Companies </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="cta-banner-block"><img src="https://dp3rhc3eohw2j.cloudfront.net/assets/img/mm-images/industry-focus/Food.jpg" width="276"> <p>Rising disposable incomes, rapidly evolving consumption patterns, and stricter government regulations are reshaping Asia's F&B industry. Our experts help businesses adapt to changes and thrive.</p> <div class="b-cta-list"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/contact">See how we can support your business</a></div> </div> </div> <h3 class="mega-mtab-heading" rel="mgtab37">Healthcare</h3> <div class="mega-mtab-content" id="mgtab37"> <div class="page-link-block"> <h3 class="service-page-heading">Healthcare</h3> <h4 class="service-page-subheading"> <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/industries/healthcare">How We Can Help </a></h4> <h5 class="featured-insight-heading">FEATURED INSIGHTS</h5> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.china-briefing.com/doing-business-guide/china/sector-insights/understanding-china-s-internet-healthcare-and-opportunities-for-investors" target="_blank">Understanding China’s Internet Healthcare and Opportunities for Investors</a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/investing-india-healthcare-sector-opportunities-enabling-policies.html" target="_blank">Investing in India's Healthcare Sector: Opportunities and Enabling Policies</a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/doing-business-guide/singapore/sector-insights/singapore-s-healthcare-industry-gateway-to-asean-s-healthcare-market" target="_blank">Singapore’s Healthcare Industry: Gateway to ASEAN’s Healthcare Market</a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/why-investors-should-be-optistimic-vietnams-healthcare-industry.html/" target="_blank">Why Investors Should be Optimistic About Vietnam’s Healthcare Industry </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="cta-banner-block"><img src="https://dp3rhc3eohw2j.cloudfront.net/assets/img/mm-images/industry-focus/Healthcare.jpg" width="276"> <p>Asia's healthcare industry is expanding to meet global demand for innovative healthcare facilities. We help you navigate growth opportunities and the regulatory landscape for business success.</p> <div class="b-cta-list"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/contact">See how we can support your business</a></div> </div> </div> <h3 class="mega-mtab-heading" rel="mgtab38">Information Technology</h3> <div class="mega-mtab-content" id="mgtab38"> <div class="page-link-block"> <h3 class="service-page-heading">Information Technology</h3> <h4 class="service-page-subheading"> <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/industries/information-technology">How We Can Help </a></h4> <h5 class="featured-insight-heading">FEATURED INSIGHTS</h5> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.china-briefing.com/doing-business-guide/china/company-establishment/pipl-personal-information-protection-law" target="_blank">Ultimate Guide to PIPL Compliance: Navigating China's Personal Information Protection Law</a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/accessing-indian-consumers-overseas-opportunities-digital-economy.html" target="_blank">Accessing Indian Consumers from Overseas and Opportunities in the Digital Economy </a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/doing-business-guide/indonesia/sector-insights/opportunities-in-indonesia-s-financial-technology-sector" target="_blank">Opportunities in Indonesia’s Financial Technology Sector</a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/complying-vietnam-personal-data-protection-decree.html" target="_blank">Complying with Vietnam’s Personal Data Protection Decree</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="cta-banner-block"><img src="https://dp3rhc3eohw2j.cloudfront.net/assets/img/mm-images/industry-focus/IT.jpg" width="276"> <p>Asia's IT industry is booming with rapid advancements and increasing digital adoption. Our experts help guide you through diverse regulations and market dynamics.</p> <div class="b-cta-list"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/contact">See how we can support your business</a></div> </div> </div> <h3 class="mega-mtab-heading" rel="mgtab39">Manufacturing</h3> <div class="mega-mtab-content" id="mgtab39"> <div class="page-link-block"> <h3 class="service-page-heading">Manufacturing</h3> <h4 class="service-page-subheading"> <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/industries/manufacturing">How We Can Help </a></h4> <h5 class="featured-insight-heading">FEATURED INSIGHTS</h5> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.china-briefing.com/news/manufacturing-tax-incentives-in-china-in-2024/" target="_blank">Tax Incentives for Manufacturing Companies in China in 2024 </a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.asiabriefing.com/store/book/inside-india-s-manufacturing-revolution-strategies-and-insights-for-business-success-9901.html" target="_blank">Inside India's Manufacturing Revolution: Strategies and Insights for Business Success</a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/the-allure-of-singapore-for-high-tech-manufacturing/" target="_blank">The Allure of Singapore for High-Tech Manufacturing</a></li> <li> <a href="https://www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/manufacturing-semiconductors-in-vietnam-vs-taiwan.html/" target="_blank">Semiconductor Manufacturing in Vietnam vs Taiwan </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="cta-banner-block"><img src="https://dp3rhc3eohw2j.cloudfront.net/assets/img/mm-images/industry-focus/Manufacturing.jpg" width="276"> <p>Asia's manufacturing sector is thriving, driven by innovation and robust supply chains. 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href="https://www.dezshira.com/office/china/suzhou.html">Suzhou </a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/office/china/tianjin.html">Tianjin </a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/office/china/zhongshan.html">Zhongshan</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="cta-banner-block"><img src="https://dp3rhc3eohw2j.cloudfront.net/assets/img/mm-images/about-us/China.jpg" width="276"> <p>Dezan Shira & Associates offers comprehensive services across the Asia Pacific region, addressing diverse market needs and regulatory environments to support your business growth.</p> <div class="b-cta-list"><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/office">Explore our global network of offices</a></div> </div> </div> <h3 class="mega-mtab-heading" rel="mgtab20">Middle East</h3> <div class="mega-mtab-content" id="mgtab20"> <div class="page-link-block"> <div class="service-page-heading">Middle East</div> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/office/dubai.html">Dubai, UAE</a></li> <li><a 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class="section-wrapper flex-wrapper flex-column"> <div class="breadcrumb2"> <ul class="c-list c-list--arrow2"><li><a href="/">Home</a></li><li><a href="/services">Services</a></li><li>Tax</li></ul> </div> <h1>Tax</h1> <p class="pb-5">Tax laws and regulations throughout Asia are continuously being updated and refined. Our team of professionals is accustomed to navigating this fast-paced environment.</p> </div> </div> <div class="masthead__bg"> <img alt="" src="/assets/img/services/banner-tax.jpg"></div> </section> <section class="s-layout"> <div class="section-wrapper flex-wrapper flex--col-reverse"> <div class="s-layout__main"> <p>The fast pace of tax reform, combined with sometimes inconsistent local practice and enforcement, makes the tax landscape difficult to navigate for many. Companies face a number of tax challenges throughout all stages of their business cycle.</p> <p>Dezan Shira & Associates’ tax professionals have a deep understanding of Asia’s complex tax environments, as well as in-depth industry knowledge and experience. Our experienced team of tax accountants, lawyers, and ex-tax officials can help on a wide spectrum of tax service areas across all major industries.</p> <h2>Our areas of expertise include:</h2> <div class="c-accordion"> <div class="c-accordion__item"><a class="c-accordion__title" href="#" aria-expanded="false"><span>Corporate Tax</span><span class="c-accordion__icon"></span></a> <div class="c-accordion__content"> <div class="c-accordion__inner"> <ul> <li>Ongoing Tax Compliance and Reporting Obligations</li> <li>Updates on New Changes in Legislation and Policy</li> <li>Communication and Negotiation with the Relevant Tax Authorities </li> </ul> <a class="c-btn cta-link scrollto" href="#cta-contact">Send Enquiry</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-accordion__item"><a class="c-accordion__title" href="#" aria-expanded="false"><span>International Tax, Cross-Border Tax and Transactions</span><span class="c-accordion__icon"></span></a> <div class="c-accordion__content"> <div class="c-accordion__inner"> <ul> <li>Legal Entity Holding Structure Planning</li> <li>Profit Repatriation Methods and Consequences</li> <li>Application of Double Taxation Agreements</li> </ul> <a class="c-btn cta-link scrollto" href="#cta-contact">Send Enquiry</a> <a class="c-btn" style="background:#0C2740;" href="/services/outbound-direct-investment">Complimentary Services for Your International Investment</a> <div class="c-accordion__more"> <h3>Explore further</h3> <div class="explore-further-slider glide--ltr glide--carousel glide--swipeable service35" data-totalSlide=1 data-preView=1 data-autoplay=0 id="explore-further"> <div class="glide__track" data-glide-el="track"> <div class="glide__slides explore-further-slides"> <div class="glide__slide"> <div class="c-card "> <h3 class="subhead brochure-text-highlight">Brochure</h3> <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/brochure_download_status/services~Tax%20brochure-International%20Tax%20and%20cross%20border%20transactions" target="_blank">International Tax and Cross Border Transactions </a> <p>Companies face a number of domestic tax challenges throughout all stages of their business cycle and it is important for them to also be aware of the various international tax and cross-border impacts of their activities.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="glide__arrows explore-further__arrow" data-glide-el="controls"> <button class="glide__arrow explore-further__arrow--left" data-glide-dir="<"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M16.67 0l2.83 2.829-9.339 9.175 9.339 9.167-2.83 2.829-12.17-11.996z"> </path> </svg></button> <button class="glide__arrow explore-further__arrow--right" data-glide-dir=">"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M5 3l3.057-3 11.943 12-11.943 12-3.057-3 9-9z"></path> </svg></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-accordion__item"><a class="c-accordion__title" href="#" aria-expanded="false"><span>Transfer Pricing</span><span class="c-accordion__icon"></span></a> <div class="c-accordion__content"> <div class="c-accordion__inner"> <ul> <li>Transfer pricing planning</li> <li>Transfer pricing documentation (TPD)</li> <li>Transfer pricing risk assessment and data analytics</li> <li>Transfer pricing tax valuation</li> <li>Tax controversy and dispute resolution</li> </ul> <a class="c-btn cta-link scrollto" href="#cta-contact">Send Enquiry</a> <div class="c-accordion__more"> <h3>Explore further</h3> <div class="explore-further-slider glide--ltr glide--carousel glide--swipeable service36" data-totalSlide=2 data-preView=2 data-autoplay=0 id="explore-further"> <div class="glide__track" data-glide-el="track"> <div class="glide__slides explore-further-slides"> <div class="glide__slide"> <div class="c-card "> <h3 class="subhead brochure-text-highlight">Brochure</h3> <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/brochure_download_status/services~Dezan%20Shira%20-%20Tax_Transfer%20Pricing%20in%20Vietnam%20Brochure" target="_blank">Transfer Pricing in Vietnam </a> <p>it is important that companies assess their risks and document their transfer pricing policies with respect to their Vietnam operations. Find out how we can help. </p> </div> </div> <div class="glide__slide"> <div class="c-card "> <h3 class="subhead brochure-text-highlight">Brochure</h3> <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/brochure_download_status/services~Dezan%20Shira%20-%20Tax_Transfer%20Pricing%20Brochure" target="_blank">Transfer Pricing </a> <p>Dezan Shira & Associates transfer pricing services are tailored to each client’s individual needs, often arising from the uniqueness of its business operations, with the main objective being the elimination of the taxpayers’ risks resulting from inefficient transfer pricing policies.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="glide__arrows explore-further__arrow" data-glide-el="controls"> <button class="glide__arrow explore-further__arrow--left" data-glide-dir="<"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M16.67 0l2.83 2.829-9.339 9.175 9.339 9.167-2.83 2.829-12.17-11.996z"> </path> </svg></button> <button class="glide__arrow explore-further__arrow--right" data-glide-dir=">"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M5 3l3.057-3 11.943 12-11.943 12-3.057-3 9-9z"></path> </svg></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-accordion__item"><a class="c-accordion__title" href="#" aria-expanded="false"><span>Indirect Tax (including VAT, GST etc.)</span><span class="c-accordion__icon"></span></a> <div class="c-accordion__content"> <div class="c-accordion__inner"> <ul> <li>Advising on Transactions</li> <li>Guidance with Issuing and Receiving Receipts</li> <li>Application for Indirect Tax (e.g. VAT) Exemptions, Zero Rating for Exported Services</li> <li>Advisory on Customs, Tariffs, and Applicability of Free Trade Agreements</li> </ul> <a class="c-btn cta-link scrollto" href="#cta-contact">Send Enquiry</a> <div class="c-accordion__more"> <h3>Explore further</h3> <div class="explore-further-slider glide--ltr glide--carousel glide--swipeable service37" data-totalSlide=1 data-preView=1 data-autoplay=0 id="explore-further"> <div class="glide__track" data-glide-el="track"> <div class="glide__slides explore-further-slides"> <div class="glide__slide"> <div class="c-card "> <h3 class="subhead brochure-text-highlight">Brochure</h3> <a href="https://www.dezshira.com/brochure_download_status/services~Tax%20brochure-VAT" target="_blank">Value Added Tax </a> <p>Dezan Shira & Associates’ tax team has the depth and breadth of experience across all main industry sectors, as well as the ability to apply best practices to ensure that the management of indirect taxes is handled effectively. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="glide__arrows explore-further__arrow" data-glide-el="controls"> <button class="glide__arrow explore-further__arrow--left" data-glide-dir="<"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M16.67 0l2.83 2.829-9.339 9.175 9.339 9.167-2.83 2.829-12.17-11.996z"> </path> </svg></button> <button class="glide__arrow explore-further__arrow--right" data-glide-dir=">"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M5 3l3.057-3 11.943 12-11.943 12-3.057-3 9-9z"></path> </svg></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="c-accordion__item"><a class="c-accordion__title" href="#" aria-expanded="false"><span>Individual Income Tax</span><span class="c-accordion__icon"></span></a> <div class="c-accordion__content"> <div class="c-accordion__inner"> <ul> <li>Advising on the Taxation of Expatriates/Non-Residents</li> <li>Preparation of Individual Income Tax Returns</li> <li>Tax Planning and Optimization Services</li> </ul> <a class="c-btn cta-link scrollto" href="#cta-contact">Send Enquiry</a> <div class="c-accordion__more"> <h3>Explore further</h3> <div class="explore-further-slider glide--ltr glide--carousel glide--swipeable service38" data-totalSlide=1 data-preView=1 data-autoplay=0 id="explore-further"> <div class="glide__track" data-glide-el="track"> <div class="glide__slides explore-further-slides"> <div 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<h2>How to get started</h2> <div class="flex-spacing"> <a class="cta-boxes--1 cta-box cta-box--highlight cta-link scrollto" href="#cta-contact"><span>Contact us</span> <p>We can help find solutions to address your concerns</p> </a> <a class="cta-boxes--2 cta-box" href="/personnel/tag/tax"><span>Meet our team</span> <p>Find an advisor to discuss your legal, tax, HR, and IT needs</p> </a> <a class="cta-boxes--3 cta-box" href="/office"><span>Visit our location</span> <p>Pay us a visit, locate a Dezan Shira & Associates office near you</p> </a> </div> </section> </div> <div class="s-layout__sidebar s-layout__dropdown"> <div class="s-layout__inner">   <div class="lhs-videos"> <div class="s-layout__group"> <div class="c-slider--mini glide-fade"> <div class="glide__track" data-glide-el="track"> <div class="glide__slides"> <div class="glide__slide"> <script src=https://content.jwplatform.com/players/mnCuMRUq-MK1JLd5r.js></script> </div> <div class="glide__slide"> <script 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Contact our Tax Team</p><a class="c-btn cta-link scrollto" href="#cta-contact">Send us an enquiry</a> </div>  <div class="s-layout__group"> <h3>Download Brochures</h3> <ul class="c-list c-list--brochures"> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/brochure_download_status/services~Dezan Shira - Tax_International Tax and Cross Border Brochure" target="_blank">International Tax and Cross Border</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/brochure_download_status/services~Dezan Shira - Tax_Transfer Pricing Brochure" target="_blank">Transfer pricing</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/brochure_download_status/services~Dezan Shira - Tax_Taxation in China Brochure" target="_blank">Taxation in China</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/brochure_download_status/services~Dezan Shira - Tax_Individual Income Tax Brochure" target="_blank">Individual Income Tax</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/brochure_download_status/services~Dezan Shira - Tax_Value Added Tax Brochure" target="_blank">Value Added Tax</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/brochure_download_status/services~Dezan Shira - Tax_Transfer Pricing in Vietnam Brochure" target="_blank">Transfer Pricing in Vietnam</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="s-layout__group"> <div class="c-slider--mini c-slider--casestudy glide-fade"> <div class="glide__track" data-glide-el="track"> <div class="glide__slides"> <div class="glide__slide"> <h3 class="subhead case_study-text-highlight">Case Study</h3><a href="https://www.dezshira.com/brochure_download_status/case_studies~2023~Dezan%20Shira%20-%20Case%20Study_Automating%20the%20Issuance%20of%20VAT%20Fapiaos%20via%20Integration%20of%20ERP%20with%20Chinas%20Golden%20Tax%20System" target="_blank">Automating the Issuance of VAT Fapiaos via Integration of ERP with Chinas Golden Tax System</a> <p>Using accounting and tax automations to resolve inefficiencies arising from the use of different invoice management systems. </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="glide__bullets" data-glide-el="controls[nav]"> <div class="glide__bullet" data-glide-dir="=0"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <style> img.truste-thumb{max-width: 200px;max-height: 120px;} .trust-testi-logo{position: absolute;bottom:20px;} .country-section.tgb-testimonial .trusted-global-businesses .company_logo{margin-top:1rem;} .country-section.tgb-testimonial .trusted-global-businesses .testimonial-box{min-height: 500px;} @media (max-width: 576px) { .country-section.tgb-testimonial .trusted-global-businesses .testimonial-box{min-height: 620px;} } </style> <section class="country-section tgb-testimonial"> <div class="section-wrapper trusted-global-businesses"> <h2 class="title-section text-center">Trusted by Global Businesses</h2> <p class="text-center section-intro">Our clients are headquartered in more than 100 countries worldwide - including Europe, the Americas, and Asia, ranging in size from start-ups, to mid-cap and large enterprises. Here is what our clients have to share about us:</p> <div class="glide global-businesses" data-autoplay="0" data-preview="3" data-pretabletview="2" gap="0"> <div class="glide__track" data-glide-el="track"> <div class="glide__slides"> <div class="item glide__slide"> <div class="testimonial-box"> <div class="quote"> Ping has offices in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Vietnam and Thailand. We’ve been a client of Dezan Shira’s for 25 years, from setting up companies, to back-office services. Although many “big 8” firms think they specialize in Asia, Dezan Shira is the only firm that I know of with the breadth, depth, and expertise across the region. My compliments to the team for our 25 years of positive experience; I rely on, recommend, <span class="test-more-dots">...</span><span class="text-full-text">and trust you even more.</span> </div> <div class="trust-testi-logo"> <div class="truste"> <div class="truste-details"> <div class="truste-name"><a target="_blank">Stephen M. Morris</a></div> <div class="truste-position">COO, Asia Operations and Supply Chain</div> </div> </div> <div class="company_logo"><a href="https://ping.com/en-us/" target="_blank"><img class="truste-thumb" src="https://www.dezshira.com/assets_v2/img/logos/testimonials/ping.jpg"></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item glide__slide"> <div class="testimonial-box"> <div class="quote"> Dezan Shira & Associates’ excellent integrated corporate service solutions and strategic advice, have played a crucial role for us in implementing our Singapore expansion <span class="test-more-dots">...</span><span class="text-full-text">plans.</span> </div> <div class="trust-testi-logo"> <div class="truste"> <div class="truste-details"> <div class="truste-name"><a target="_blank">Matthew Redshaw</a></div> <div class="truste-position">Managing Director</div> </div> </div> <div class="company_logo"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/tiger-water-solutions/" target="_blank"><img class="truste-thumb" src="https://www.dezshira.com/assets_v2/img/logos/testimonials/Tiger-Water.jpg"></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item glide__slide"> <div class="testimonial-box"> <div class="quote"> Mastip has found Dezan Shira team to be very helpful and always readily available to provide assistance on any occasion. For us, employing staff without a registered office was not possible. However, Dezan Shira and Associates made this possible and have helped to add considerable value to our company by allowing us to recruit the right caliber of people. The team has always helped in a timely manner, and we find their <span class="test-more-dots">...</span><span class="text-full-text">services professional and efficient.</span> </div> <div class="trust-testi-logo"> <div class="truste"> <div class="truste-details"> <div class="truste-name"><a target="_blank">Brett Reynolds</a></div> <div class="truste-position">Senior Vice President, International Sales & Marketing</div> </div> </div> <div class="company_logo"><a href="https://mastip.com/" target="_blank"><img class="truste-thumb" src="https://resource.dezshira.com/Assets/1685893852_Mastip logo.png"></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item glide__slide"> <div class="testimonial-box"> <div class="quote"> We’ve been using Dezan Shira as our service provider for corporate compliance, including company setup, amendment, and de-registration, legal advisory concerning localized policy and regulations, labor issues, visa services, tax and accounting, payroll and HR services, and more. We chose them because they consistently deliver services with high efficiency, professionalism, and comprehensive solutions. Their attention to <span class="test-more-dots">...</span><span class="text-full-text">detail and considerate approach have earned our full trust.</span> </div> <div class="trust-testi-logo"> <div class="truste"> <div class="truste-details"> <div class="truste-name"><a target="_blank">Ying Sun</a></div> <div class="truste-position">General Manager</div> </div> </div> <div class="company_logo"><a href="" target="_blank"><img class="truste-thumb" src="https://resource.dezshira.com/Assets/1685894462_Picture1.png"></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="item glide__slide"> <div class="testimonial-box"> <div class="quote"> Dezan Shira and Associates provides the Corman Group with a wide range of high-level accounting and financial consultancy services, and represents an important and valuable support for us to establish our company in <span class="test-more-dots">...</span><span class="text-full-text">Asia.</span> </div> <div class="trust-testi-logo"> <div class="truste"> <div class="truste-details"> <div class="truste-name"><a target="_blank">Simona Bagnoli</a></div> <div class="truste-position">Head of Financial Reporting and Administration</div> </div> </div> <div class="company_logo"><a href="https://corman.it/en/" target="_blank"><img class="truste-thumb" src="https://resource.dezshira.com/Assets/1685893816_Corman SPA logo.png"></a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div>  <div data-glide-el="controls"> <button class="glide-next" data-glide-dir=">"><span class="arrow right-arrow"></span></button> <button class="glide-prev" data-glide-dir="<"><span class="arrow left-arrow"> </span></button> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="cta-contact" id="cta-contact"> <div class="section-wrapper"> <div class="cta-contact__top flex-spacing"> <p>Enquire for more information about our services, and how we can help solve challenges for your organization</p><a onclick="toggle_visibility('.cta-contact__bot');">Contact Us</a> </div> <div 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name="email_address" type="email" placeholder=" " required> </div> <div class="cta-contact__field"> <label class="form-field-label" for="country">Country</label> <select name="country" id="country" placeholder="" required style="background-color:white;"> <option class="text-muted" value=""></option> <option value="Belt & Road Initiative">Belt & Road Initiative</option> <option value="Afghanistan, Islamic State">Afghanistan, Islamic State</option> <option value="Åland Islands">Åland Islands</option> <option value="Albania">Albania</option> <option value="Algeria">Algeria</option> <option value="American Samoa">American Samoa</option> <option value="Andorra, Principality of">Andorra, Principality of</option> <option value="Angola">Angola</option> <option value="Anguilla">Anguilla</option> <option value="Antarctica">Antarctica</option> <option value="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</option> <option value="Argentina">Argentina</option> <option value="Armenia">Armenia</option> <option value="Aruba">Aruba</option> <option value="Australia">Australia</option> <option value="Austria">Austria</option> <option value="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</option> <option value="Bahamas">Bahamas</option> <option value="Bahrain">Bahrain</option> <option value="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</option> <option value="Barbados">Barbados</option> <option value="Belarus">Belarus</option> <option value="Belgium">Belgium</option> <option value="Belize">Belize</option> <option value="Benin">Benin</option> <option value="Bermuda">Bermuda</option> <option value="Bhutan">Bhutan</option> <option value="Bolivia">Bolivia</option> <option value="Bosnia-Herzegovina">Bosnia-Herzegovina</option> <option value="Botswana">Botswana</option> <option value="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</option> <option value="Brazil">Brazil</option> <option value="British Indian Ocean Terr.">British Indian Ocean Terr.</option> <option value="Brunei Darussalam">Brunei Darussalam</option> <option value="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</option> <option value="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</option> <option value="Burundi">Burundi</option> <option value="Cambodia, Kingdom of">Cambodia, Kingdom of</option> <option value="Cameroon">Cameroon</option> <option value="Canada">Canada</option> <option value="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</option> <option value="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</option> <option value="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</option> <option value="Chad">Chad</option> <option value="Chile">Chile</option> <option value="China">China</option> <option value="Taiwan">Taiwan</option> <option value="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</option> <option value="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</option> <option value="Colombia">Colombia</option> <option value="Comoros">Comoros</option> <option value="Congo">Congo</option> <option value="Cook Islands">Cook Islands</option> <option value="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</option> <option value="Croatia">Croatia</option> <option value="Cuba">Cuba</option> <option value="Curaçao">Curaçao</option> <option value="Cyprus">Cyprus</option> <option value="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</option> <option value="Congo, Democratic Republic">Congo, Democratic Republic</option> <option value="Denmark">Denmark</option> <option value="Djibouti">Djibouti</option> <option value="Dominica">Dominica</option> <option value="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</option> <option value="Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</option> <option value="Ecuador">Ecuador</option> <option value="Egypt">Egypt</option> <option value="El Salvador">El Salvador</option> <option value="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</option> <option value="Eritrea">Eritrea</option> <option value="Estonia">Estonia</option> <option value="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</option> <option value="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</option> <option value="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</option> <option value="Fiji">Fiji</option> <option value="Finland">Finland</option> <option value="France">France</option> <option value="French Guyana">French Guyana</option> <option value="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</option> <option value="French Southern Territories">French Southern Territories</option> <option value="Gabon">Gabon</option> <option value="Gambia">Gambia</option> <option value="Georgia">Georgia</option> <option value="Germany">Germany</option> <option value="Ghana">Ghana</option> <option value="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</option> <option value="Greece">Greece</option> <option value="Greenland">Greenland</option> <option value="Grenada">Grenada</option> <option value="Guadeloupe (French)">Guadeloupe (French)</option> <option value="Guam (USA)">Guam (USA)</option> <option value="Guatemala">Guatemala</option> <option value="Guernsey">Guernsey</option> <option value="Guinea">Guinea</option> <option value="Guinea Bissau">Guinea Bissau</option> <option value="Guyana">Guyana</option> <option value="Haiti">Haiti</option> <option value="Heard and McDonald Islands">Heard and McDonald Islands</option> <option value="Holy See (Vatican City)">Holy See (Vatican City)</option> <option value="Honduras">Honduras</option> <option value="Hong Kong SAR">Hong Kong SAR</option> <option value="Hungary">Hungary</option> <option value="Iceland">Iceland</option> <option value="India">India</option> <option value="Indonesia">Indonesia</option> <option value="Iran">Iran</option> <option value="Iraq">Iraq</option> <option value="Ireland">Ireland</option> <option value="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</option> <option value="Israel">Israel</option> <option value="Italy">Italy</option> <option value="Ivory Coast (Cote D'Ivoire)">Ivory Coast (Cote D'Ivoire)</option> <option value="Jamaica">Jamaica</option> <option value="Japan">Japan</option> <option value="Jersey">Jersey</option> <option value="Jordan">Jordan</option> <option value="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</option> <option value="Kenya">Kenya</option> <option value="Kiribati">Kiribati</option> <option value="Kuwait">Kuwait</option> <option value="Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan)">Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan)</option> <option value="Laos">Laos</option> <option value="Latvia">Latvia</option> <option value="Lebanon">Lebanon</option> <option value="Lesotho">Lesotho</option> <option value="Liberia">Liberia</option> <option value="Libya">Libya</option> <option value="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</option> <option value="Lithuania">Lithuania</option> <option value="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</option> <option value="Macau SAR">Macau SAR</option> <option value="Macedonia">Macedonia</option> <option value="Madagascar">Madagascar</option> <option value="Malawi">Malawi</option> <option value="Malaysia">Malaysia</option> <option value="Maldives">Maldives</option> <option value="Mali">Mali</option> <option value="Malta">Malta</option> <option value="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</option> <option value="Martinique">Martinique</option> <option value="Mauritania">Mauritania</option> <option value="Mauritius">Mauritius</option> <option value="Mayotte">Mayotte</option> <option value="Mexico">Mexico</option> <option value="Micronesia">Micronesia</option> <option value="Moldavia">Moldavia</option> <option value="Monaco">Monaco</option> <option value="Mongolia">Mongolia</option> <option value="Montenegro">Montenegro</option> <option value="Montserrat">Montserrat</option> <option value="Morocco">Morocco</option> <option value="Mozambique">Mozambique</option> <option value="Myanmar">Myanmar</option> <option value="Namibia">Namibia</option> <option value="Nauru">Nauru</option> <option value="Nepal">Nepal</option> <option value="Netherlands">Netherlands</option> <option value="New Caledonia (French)">New Caledonia (French)</option> <option value="New Zealand">New Zealand</option> <option value="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</option> <option value="Niger">Niger</option> <option value="Nigeria">Nigeria</option> <option value="Niue">Niue</option> <option value="Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</option> <option value="North Korea">North Korea</option> <option value="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</option> <option value="Norway">Norway</option> <option value="Oman">Oman</option> <option value="Other">Other</option> <option value="Pakistan">Pakistan</option> <option value="Palau">Palau</option> <option value="Palestine, State of">Palestine, State of</option> <option value="Panama">Panama</option> <option value="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</option> <option value="Paraguay">Paraguay</option> <option value="Peru">Peru</option> <option value="Philippines">Philippines</option> <option value="Pitcairn Island">Pitcairn Island</option> <option value="Poland">Poland</option> <option value="Portugal">Portugal</option> <option value="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</option> <option value="Qatar">Qatar</option> <option value="Reunion (French)">Reunion (French)</option> <option value="Romania">Romania</option> <option value="Russia">Russia</option> <option value="Rwanda">Rwanda</option> <option value="S. Georgia & S. Sandwich Is.">S. Georgia & S. Sandwich Is.</option> <option value="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</option> <option value="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</option> <option value="Saint Kitts & Nevis Anguilla">Saint Kitts & Nevis Anguilla</option> <option value="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</option> <option value="Saint Martin">Saint Martin</option> <option value="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</option> <option value="Saint Tome (Sao Tome)">Saint Tome (Sao Tome)</option> <option value="Saint Vincent & Grenadines">Saint Vincent & Grenadines</option> <option value="Samoa">Samoa</option> <option value="San Marino">San Marino</option> <option value="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</option> <option value="Senegal">Senegal</option> <option value="Serbia">Serbia</option> <option value="Seychelles">Seychelles</option> <option value="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</option> <option value="Singapore">Singapore</option> <option value="Slovak Republic">Slovak Republic</option> <option value="Slovenia">Slovenia</option> <option value="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</option> <option value="Somalia">Somalia</option> <option value="South Africa">South Africa</option> <option value="South Korea">South Korea</option> <option value="South Sudan">South Sudan</option> <option value="Spain">Spain</option> <option value="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</option> <option value="Sudan">Sudan</option> <option value="Suriname">Suriname</option> <option value="Svalbard and Jan Mayen Is.">Svalbard and Jan Mayen Is.</option> <option value="Swaziland">Swaziland</option> <option value="Sweden">Sweden</option> <option value="Switzerland">Switzerland</option> <option value="Syria">Syria</option> <option value="Tadjikistan">Tadjikistan</option> <option value="Tanzania">Tanzania</option> <option value="Thailand">Thailand</option> <option value="Togo">Togo</option> <option value="Tokelau">Tokelau</option> <option value="Tonga">Tonga</option> <option value="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</option> <option value="Tunisia">Tunisia</option> <option value="Turkiye">Turkiye</option> <option value="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</option> <option value="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</option> <option value="Tuvalu">Tuvalu</option> <option value="Uganda">Uganda</option> <option value="Ukraine">Ukraine</option> <option value="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</option> <option value="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</option> <option value="United States">United States</option> <option value="Uruguay">Uruguay</option> <option value="USA Minor Outlying Islands">USA Minor Outlying Islands</option> <option value="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</option> <option value="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</option> <option value="Venezuela">Venezuela</option> <option value="Vietnam">Vietnam</option> <option value="Virgin Islands (British)">Virgin Islands (British)</option> <option value="Virgin Islands (USA)">Virgin Islands (USA)</option> <option value="Wallis and Futuna Islands">Wallis and Futuna 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