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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier-katalogus</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 66 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%87" title="فهرس مسييه – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فهرس مسييه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logu_Messier" title="Catálogu Messier – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Catálogu Messier" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messye_cisiml%C9%99ri" title="Messye cisimləri – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Messye cisimləri" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Каталог Месье – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каталог Месье" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3_%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Каталёг Мэсье – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каталёг Мэсье" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Каталог на Месие – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Каталог на Месие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="মেসিয়ার বস্তু – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেসিয়ার বস্তু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messierov_objekat" title="Messierov objekat – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Messierov objekat" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A0leg_Messier" title="Catàleg Messier – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Catàleg Messier" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%86%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%B3%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95" title="تەنەکانی مێسییە – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تەنەکانی مێسییە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%C5%AFv_katalog" title="Messierův katalog – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Messierův katalog" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messiers_katalog" title="Messiers katalog – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Messiers katalog" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier-Katalog" title="Messier-Katalog – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Messier-Katalog" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%AD" title="Αντικείμενο Μεσιέ – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αντικείμενο Μεσιέ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_object" title="Messier object – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Messier object" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier-katalogo" title="Messier-katalogo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Messier-katalogo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier" title="Catálogo Messier – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Catálogo Messier" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier%27_kataloog" title="Messier' kataloog – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Messier' kataloog" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_sistema" title="Messier sistema – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Messier sistema" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%87" title="اجرام مسیه – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اجرام مسیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messierin_luettelo" title="Messierin luettelo – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Messierin luettelo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogue_de_Messier" title="Catalogue de Messier – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Catalogue de Messier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%94" title="קטלוג מסיה – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קטלוג מסיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="मॅसिये वस्तुएँ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मॅसिये वस्तुएँ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messierov_katalog" title="Messierov katalog – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Messierov katalog" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier-katal%C3%B3gus" title="Messier-katalógus – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Messier-katalógus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objek_Messier" title="Objek Messier – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Objek Messier" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogo_di_Messier" title="Catalogo di Messier – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Catalogo di Messier" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%82%B7%E3%82%A8%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B0" title="メシエカタログ – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メシエカタログ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%86_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF" title="ಮೇಸಿಯೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮೇಸಿಯೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%8B%9C%EC%97%90_%EC%B2%9C%EC%B2%B4" title="메시에 천체 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메시에 천체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogue_des_n%C3%A9buleuses_et_des_amas_d%27%C3%A9toiles" title="Catalogue des nébuleuses et des amas d'étoiles – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Catalogue des nébuleuses et des amas d'étoiles" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier-Katalog" title="Messier-Katalog – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Messier-Katalog" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesj%C4%97_objektas" title="Mesjė objektas – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mesjė objektas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesj%C4%93_katalogs" title="Mesjē katalogs – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mesjē katalogs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Месјеов каталог – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Месјеов каталог" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81" title="മെസ്സിയർ വസ്തു – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മെസ്സിയർ വസ്തു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objek_Messier" title="Objek Messier – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Objek Messier" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier-Kataloog" title="Messier-Kataloog – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Messier-Kataloog" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messierobject" title="Messierobject – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Messierobject" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messierkatalogen" title="Messierkatalogen – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Messierkatalogen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messierkatalogen" title="Messierkatalogen – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Messierkatalogen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catal%C3%B2g_Messier" title="Catalòg Messier – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Catalòg Messier" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%80" title="ਮੈਸੀਅਰ ਸੂਚੀ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਸੀਅਰ ਸੂਚੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalog_Messiera" title="Katalog Messiera – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Katalog Messiera" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A1logo_Messier" title="Catálogo Messier – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Catálogo Messier" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogul_Messier" title="Catalogul Messier – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Catalogul Messier" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Каталог Мессье – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каталог Мессье" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%C3%A0lugu_di_Messier" title="Catàlugu di Messier – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Catàlugu di Messier" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messierov_katalog" title="Messierov katalog – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Messierov katalog" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_catalogue" title="Messier catalogue – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Messier catalogue" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messierov_katal%C3%B3g" title="Messierov katalóg – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Messierov katalóg" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messierov_katalog" title="Messierov katalog – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Messierov katalog" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesjeov_katalog" title="Mesjeov katalog – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Mesjeov katalog" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messiers_katalog" title="Messiers katalog – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Messiers katalog" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orodha_ya_Messier" title="Orodha ya Messier – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Orodha ya Messier" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="மெசியே பொருள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெசியே பொருள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2" title="วัตถุท้องฟ้าของเมซีเย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วัตถุท้องฟ้าของเมซีเย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_cisimleri" title="Messier cisimleri – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Messier cisimleri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%94" title="Каталог Мессьє – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каталог Мессьє" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thi%C3%AAn_th%E1%BB%83_Messier" title="Thiên thể Messier – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thiên thể Messier" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E8%A5%BF%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%93" title="梅西耶天体 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="梅西耶天体" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98" title="მესიეშ კატალოგი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მესიეშ კატალოგი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E8%A5%BF%E8%80%B6%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94" title="梅西耶天體 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="梅西耶天體" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_thian-th%C3%A9" title="Messier thian-thé – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Messier thian-thé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9E%E5%A4%A9%E9%AB%94" title="梅西亞天體 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="梅西亞天體" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14530#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Aangestuur vanaf <a href="/w/index.php?title=Messier-voorwerp&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Messier-voorwerp">Messier-voorwerp</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Charles_Messier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Charles_Messier.jpg/180px-Charles_Messier.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Charles_Messier.jpg/270px-Charles_Messier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Charles_Messier.jpg/360px-Charles_Messier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="621" data-file-height="787" /></a><figcaption>Charles Messier</figcaption></figure> <p>Die <b>Messier-voorwerpe</b> is ’n lys <a href="/wiki/Sterrekunde" title="Sterrekunde">sterrekundige</a> voorwerpe wat aanvanklik in 1771 saamgestel is deur die <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Franse</a> sterrekundige <a href="/wiki/Charles_Messier" title="Charles Messier">Charles Messier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Messier het die ruimte gefynkam vir <a href="/wiki/Komeet" title="Komeet">komete</a> en is gefrustreer deur voorwerpe wat soos komete lyk, maar dit nie is nie. Hy het toe ’n katalogus van hulle saam met sy assistent Pierre Méchain saamgestel<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> om sy navorsing te vergemaklik. </p><p>In die eerste uitgawe is 45 voorwerpe gelys, van <a href="/wiki/Krapnewel" title="Krapnewel">M1</a> tot <a href="/wiki/Plejades_(sterreswerm)" title="Plejades (sterreswerm)">M45</a>. Messier se uiteindelike katalogus het 103 voorwerpe bevat, maar die lys is later bygewerk deur ander sterrekundiges wat gemotiveer is deur aantekeninge in Messier en Méchain se tekste wat aandui dat hulle van die voorwerpe geweet het. Die eerste aanpassing is in 1921 gedoen deur Nicolas Camille Flammarion, wat <a href="/wiki/Messier_104" class="mw-redirect" title="Messier 104">Messier 104</a> bygevoeg het nadat hy ’n aantekening van Messier in dié se 1781-eksemplaar gevind het. <a href="/wiki/Messier_105" title="Messier 105">M105</a> tot <a href="/wiki/Messier_107" title="Messier 107">M107</a> is in 1947 bygevoeg deur Helen Sawyer Hogg, <a href="/wiki/Messier_108" title="Messier 108">M108</a> en <a href="/wiki/Messier_109" title="Messier 109">M109</a> in 1960 deur Owen Gingerich en <a href="/wiki/Messier_110" title="Messier 110">M110</a> in 1967 deur Kenneth Glyn Jones.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Messier_102" title="Messier 102">M102</a> is deur Méchain waargeneem en hy het Messier daaroor ingelig. Later het Méchain self erken dat die voorwerp nie bestaan nie, maar ’n herwaarneming van M101 is. Sommige bronne identifiseer die sterrestelsel <a href="/w/index.php?title=NGC_5866&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NGC 5866 (bladsy bestaan nie)">NGC 5866</a> as M102, maar die beskrywing stem nie ooreen met dié in Méchain se aantekeninge nie. </p><p>Dié voorwerpe is steeds bekend onder hul Messier-nommers volgens sy lys. </p><p>Messier het sy navorsing in <a href="/wiki/Frankryk" title="Frankryk">Frankryk</a> gedoen waar hy gewoon het, en sy waarnemings sluit dus net voorwerpe in wat in die <a href="/wiki/Noordelike_Halfrond" title="Noordelike Halfrond">Noordelike Halfrond</a> sigbaar is. Baie indrukwekkende voorwerpe wat net in die <a href="/wiki/Suidelike_Halfrond" title="Suidelike Halfrond">Suidelike Halfrond</a> sigbaar is, soos die <a href="/wiki/Groot_Magellaanse_Wolk" title="Groot Magellaanse Wolk">Groot</a> en die <a href="/wiki/Klein_Magellaanse_Wolk" title="Klein Magellaanse Wolk">Klein Magellaanse Wolk</a>, kom nie daarop voor nie. </p><p>Al die Messier-voorwerpe is met verkykers of klein teleskope sigbaar en is dus gewild onder amateur-sterrekykers. Vroeg in die noordelike lente kom sterrekundiges soms byeen vir "Messier-marathons", wanneer al die voorwerpe in een nag gesien kan word.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messier-katalogus&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messier-katalogus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902084642/http://seds.org/messier/xtra/history/m-cat.html">"Charles Messier's Catalog of Nebulae and Star Clusters"</a> (in Engels). Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS). 15 Junie 2007. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seds.org/messier/xtra/history/m-cat.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 2 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">8 Mei</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles+Messier%27s+Catalog+of+Nebulae+and+Star+Clusters&rft.pub=Students+for+the+Exploration+and+Development+of+Space+%28SEDS%29&rft.date=2007-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseds.org%2Fmessier%2Fxtra%2Fhistory%2Fm-cat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AMessier-katalogus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110904022611/http://seds.org/messier/">"The Messier Catalog"</a>. <i>SEDS Messier Database</i> (in Engels). Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS). 25 Februarie 2008. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seds.org/messier/">die oorspronklike</a> op 4 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">8 Mei</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SEDS+Messier+Database&rft.atitle=The+Messier+Catalog&rft.date=2008-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseds.org%2Fmessier%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AMessier-katalogus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_Moore1979" class="citation book cs1">Patrick Moore (1979). <i>The Guinness Book of Astronomy</i>. Guinness Superlatives. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-900424-76-1" title="Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0-900424-76-1"><bdi>0-900424-76-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guinness+Book+of+Astronomy&rft.pub=Guinness+Superlatives&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-900424-76-1&rft.au=Patrick+Moore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AMessier-katalogus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902084647/http://www.seds.org/messier/xtra/marathon/marathon.html">"The Messier Marathon"</a> (in Engels). Students for the Exploration and Development of Space (SEDS). 22 Januarie 2010. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seds.org/messier/xtra/marathon/marathon.html">die oorspronklike</a> op 2 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">8 Mei</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Messier+Marathon&rft.pub=Students+for+the+Exploration+and+Development+of+Space+%28SEDS%29&rft.date=2010-01-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseds.org%2Fmessier%2Fxtra%2Fmarathon%2Fmarathon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AMessier-katalogus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messier-katalogus&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Messier-katalogus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seds.org/messier/">SEDS se Messier-databasis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990420195402/http://seds.org/messier/xtra/history/mcathist.html">Geargiveer</a> 20 April 1999 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seds.org/messier/xtra/history/CMessier.html">Charles Messier</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040719082426/http://www.seds.org/messier/xtra/history/CMessier.html">Geargiveer</a> 19 Julie 2004 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19990420195402/http://seds.org/messier/xtra/history/mcathist.html">Geskiedenis van die katalogus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zebu.uoregon.edu/messier.html">Foto's</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space-and-telescope.com/MessierObjects.aspx">Die Messier-katalogus</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141020085045/http://www.space-and-telescope.com/MessierObjects.aspx">Geargiveer</a> 20 Oktober 2014 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Crystal_txt.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/15px-Crystal_txt.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/23px-Crystal_txt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Crystal_txt.png/30px-Crystal_txt.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span> Hierdie artikel is vertaal uit die <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_object" class="extiw" title="en:Messier object">Engelse Wikipedia</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soorte_sterre_en_sterregroepe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#CEDAF2;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Sterre" title="Sjabloon:Sterre"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon" style=";background:#CEDAF2;;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Sterre" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Sterre"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon" 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0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ster" title="Ster">Ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoofreeks" title="Hoofreeks">Dwerg-/hoofreeksster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooidwerg" title="Rooidwerg">Rooidwerg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geeldwerg" title="Geeldwerg">Geeldwerg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruindwerg" title="Bruindwerg">Bruindwerg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witdwerg" title="Witdwerg">Witdwerg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloudwerg_(rooidwergstadium)" title="Bloudwerg (rooidwergstadium)">Bloudwerg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swartdwerg" title="Swartdwerg">Swartdwerg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subdwergster" title="Subdwergster">Subdwerg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reusester" title="Reusester">Reusester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helder_reus" title="Helder reus">Helder reus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superreus" title="Superreus">Superreus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiperreus" title="Hiperreus">Hiperreus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subreusester" title="Subreusester">Subreus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooireus" title="Rooireus">Rooireus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloureus" title="Bloureus">Bloureus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutronster" title="Neutronster">Neutronster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwarkster" title="Kwarkster">Kwarkster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsar" title="Pulsar">Pulsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bloudwaalster" title="Bloudwaalster">Bloudwaalster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephe%C3%AFed" title="Cepheïed">Cepheïed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veranderlike_ster" title="Veranderlike ster">Veranderlike ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opvlamster" title="Opvlamster">Opvlamster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RR_Lyrae-ster" title="RR Lyrae-ster">RR Lyrae-ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf-Rayetster" title="Wolf-Rayetster"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Wolf-Rayetster</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poolster" title="Poolster">Poolster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skilster" title="Skilster">Skilster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be-ster" title="Be-ster">Be-ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-tipe_ster" class="mw-redirect" title="O-tipe ster"><span style="white-space:nowrap">O-tipe ster</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-tipe_ster" class="mw-redirect" title="B-tipe ster"><span style="white-space:nowrap">B-tipe ster</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-tipe_ster" class="mw-redirect" title="A-tipe ster"><span style="white-space:nowrap">A-tipe ster</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-tipe_ster" class="mw-redirect" title="F-tipe ster"><span style="white-space:nowrap">F-tipe ster</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G-tipe_ster" class="mw-redirect" title="G-tipe ster"><span style="white-space:nowrap">G-tipe ster</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-tipe_ster" class="mw-redirect" title="K-tipe ster"><span style="white-space:nowrap">K-tipe ster</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-tipe_ster" class="mw-redirect" title="M-tipe ster"><span style="white-space:nowrap">M-tipe ster</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luside" title="Luside">Luside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterevolusie" title="Sterevolusie">Sterevolusie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jong_stervoorwerp" title="Jong stervoorwerp">Jong stervoorwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voorhoofreeksster" title="Voorhoofreeksster">Voorhoofreeksster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T_Tauri-ster" title="T Tauri-ster">T Tauri-ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbig_Ae/Be-ster" title="Herbig Ae/Be-ster">Herbig Ae/Be-ster</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:HD_820.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HD_820.jpg/160px-HD_820.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HD_820.jpg/240px-HD_820.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/HD_820.jpg/320px-HD_820.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1869" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:none; text-align:left; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right;">Sterregroepe</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dubbelster" title="Dubbelster">Dubbelster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-straaldubbelster" title="X-straaldubbelster">X-straaldubbelster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veelvoudige_ster" title="Veelvoudige ster">Veelvoudige ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterreswerm" title="Sterreswerm">Sterreswerm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterkinematika" title="Sterkinematika">Kinematiese groep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterassosiasie" title="Sterassosiasie">Sterassosiasie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bewegingsgroep" title="Bewegingsgroep">Bewegingsgroep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterrestroom" title="Sterrestroom">Sterrestroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterrestelsel" title="Sterrestelsel">Sterrestelsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkweg" title="Melkweg">Melkweg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterrestelselswerm" title="Sterrestelselswerm">Sterrestelselswerm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superswerm" title="Superswerm">Superswerm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:none; text-align:left; vertical-align: top; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; text-align: right;">Verwante voorwerpe</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">Supernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova-oorblyfsel" title="Supernova-oorblyfsel">Supernova-oorblyfsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipernova" title="Hipernova">Hipernova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newel" title="Newel">Newel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protoplanet%C3%AAre_skyf" title="Protoplanetêre skyf">Protoplanetêre skyf</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Messier-voorwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterrebeeld" title="Sterrebeeld">Sterrebeeld</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sterrepatroon" title="Sterrepatroon">Asterisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermassiewe_swartkolk" title="Supermassiewe swartkolk">Supermassiewe swartkolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwasar" title="Kwasar">Kwasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superholte" title="Superholte">Superholte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molekul%C3%AAre_wolk" title="Molekulêre wolk">Molekulêre wolk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14530&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14530&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14530" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4290579-5">4290579-5</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/113062168">113062168</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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