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class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7_(1944%E2%80%931946)" title="مقاومة الشيوعية في بولندا (1944–1946) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقاومة الشيوعية في بولندا (1944–1946)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B_(1944%E2%80%941953)" title="Антыкамуністычны рух у Польшчы (1944—1953) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Антыкамуністычны рух у Польшчы (1944—1953)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kommunismivastane_v%C3%B5itlus_Poolas_(1944%E2%80%931953)" title="Kommunismivastane võitlus Poolas (1944–1953) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kommunismivastane võitlus Poolas (1944–1953)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1_(1944-1946)" title="Αντικομμουνιστική αντίσταση στην Πολωνία (1944-1946) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αντικομμουνιστική αντίσταση στην Πολωνία (1944-1946)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9sistance_anticommuniste_en_Pologne" title="Résistance anticommuniste en Pologne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Résistance anticommuniste en Pologne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%93%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99-%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%97%D7%A8_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="התנגדות אנטי-קומוניסטית בפולין לאחר מלחמת העולם השנייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התנגדות אנטי-קומוניסטית בפולין לאחר מלחמת העולם השנייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzia%C5%82ania_zbrojne_podziemia_antykomunistycznego_w_Polsce" title="Działania zbrojne podziemia antykomunistycznego w Polsce – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Działania zbrojne podziemia antykomunistycznego w Polsce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5_(1944%E2%80%941953)" title="Антикоммунистическое движение в Польше (1944—1953) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Антикоммунистическое движение в Польше (1944—1953)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%83_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%89%D1%96_(1944%E2%80%931953)" title="Антикомуністичне повстання у Польщі (1944–1953) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Антикомуністичне повстання у Польщі (1944–1953)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16152591#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%9346)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–46)">Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–46)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Resistance against the communist government in Poland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">Cursed soldiers</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Anti-communist resistance in Poland</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931989)" title="Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1989)">anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1989)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_insurgencies_in_Central_and_Eastern_Europe" title="Anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe">anti-communist insurgencies in Central and Eastern Europe</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tarzan_Zelazny_Sokol_Krzewina_(VI-1947).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Tarzan_Zelazny_Sokol_Krzewina_%28VI-1947%29.jpg/350px-Tarzan_Zelazny_Sokol_Krzewina_%28VI-1947%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Tarzan_Zelazny_Sokol_Krzewina_%28VI-1947%29.jpg/525px-Tarzan_Zelazny_Sokol_Krzewina_%28VI-1947%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Tarzan_Zelazny_Sokol_Krzewina_%28VI-1947%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="471" /></a></span><br />"<a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">Cursed soldiers</a>" of the anti-communist Polish underground (1947). Photograph from the <a href="/wiki/Fighting_Solidarity" title="Fighting Solidarity">Solidarność Walcząca</a> archives.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>1944–1953 (last partisan <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Franczak" title="Józef Franczak">Józef Franczak</a> was killed in 1963)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Polish People's Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_Poland_annexed_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union">Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">Cursed soldiers</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/23px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/35px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/46px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="627" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">Cursed soldiers</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span data-sort-value="Poland"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/23px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/35px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/46px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="627" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Ciepli%C5%84ski" title="Łukasz Ciepliński">Łukasz Ciepliński</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Executed"><img alt="Executed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/14px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/21px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/28px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a></span></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/23px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/35px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/46px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="627" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Witold_Pilecki" title="Witold Pilecki">Witold Pilecki</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Executed"><img alt="Executed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/14px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/21px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/28px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a></span></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/23px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/35px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/46px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="627" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Szendzielarz" title="Zygmunt Szendzielarz">Zygmunt Szendzielarz</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Executed"><img alt="Executed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/14px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/21px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/28px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a></span></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/23px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/35px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/46px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="627" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Romuald_Rajs" title="Romuald Rajs">Romuald Rajs</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Executed"><img alt="Executed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/14px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/21px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Skull_and_Crossbones.svg/28px-Skull_and_Crossbones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="510" data-file-height="490" /></a></span></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/23px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/35px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/46px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="627" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Kura%C5%9B" title="Józef Kuraś">Józef Kuraś</a> <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a></li><li><i>...and others</i></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_Bierut" title="Bolesław Bierut">Bolesław Bierut</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Radkiewicz" title="Stanisław Radkiewicz">Stanisław Radkiewicz</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland_%281928%E2%80%931980%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Rokossovsky" title="Konstantin Rokossovsky">K. Rokossovsky</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Lavrentiy_Beria" title="Lavrentiy Beria">Lavrentiy Beria</a></li><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Serov" title="Ivan Serov">Ivan Serov</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <div><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wolno%C5%9B%C4%87_i_Niezawis%C5%82o%C5%9B%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolność i Niezawisłość">Freedom and Independence</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/NIE_(resistance)" title="NIE (resistance)">NIE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa_Obywatelska" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa Obywatelska">Citizens' Home Army</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bataliony_Ch%C5%82opskie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataliony Chłopskie">Peasants' Battalions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Narodowe_Si%C5%82y_Zbrojne" class="mw-redirect" title="Narodowe Siły Zbrojne">National Armed Forces</a></li></ul></div> ...<i>and others</i></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/SMERSH" title="SMERSH">SMERSH</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Army" title="Polish People's Army">Polish People's Army</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_Security_Corps" title="Internal Security Corps">Internal Security Corps</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/ORMO" title="ORMO">ORMO</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Milicja_Obywatelska" title="Milicja Obywatelska">Citizens' Militia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(Poland)" title="Ministry of Public Security (Poland)">Department of Security</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 20,000 partisans</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>2,000,000 Red Army soldiers</li><li>35,000 <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> officers</li><li>24,000 Polish soldiers and Ministry of Public Security officers</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <div><ul><li>8,668 killed in fighting</li><li>79,000 arrested</li><li>5,000 executed</li><li>21,000 died in prison</li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <div><ul><li>12,000 officers of Polish forces</li><li>1,000 officers of Soviet forces</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> 10,000 civilians killed</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944–1953)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="wrap">Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>1944</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skirmish_at_Dzia%C5%82ki_Nosowskie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skirmish at Działki Nosowskie (page does not exist)">Działki Nosowskie</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potyczka_w_Dzia%C5%82kach_Nosowskich" class="extiw" title="pl:Potyczka w Działkach Nosowskich">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skirmish_at_Skrobacz%C3%B3w&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skirmish at Skrobaczów (page does not exist)">Skrobaczów</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potyczka_pod_Skrobaczowem" class="extiw" title="pl:Potyczka pod Skrobaczowem">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Rz%C4%85bce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Rząbce (page does not exist)">Rząbce</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Rz%C4%85bcem" class="extiw" title="pl:Bitwa pod Rząbcem">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Surkonty" title="Battle of Surkonty">Surkonty</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1945</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_the_NKVD_Camp_in_Rembert%C3%B3w" title="Attack on the NKVD Camp in Rembertów">Rembertów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kury%C5%82%C3%B3wka" title="Battle of Kuryłówka">Kuryłówka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Krasnosielc_prison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raid on Krasnosielc prison (page does not exist)">Krasnosielc</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atak_na_areszt_Powiatowego_Urz%C4%99du_Bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_Publicznego_w_Krasnosielcu" class="extiw" title="pl:Atak na areszt Powiatowego Urzędu Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego w Krasnosielcu">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Miechowie_Prison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raid on Miechowie Prison (page does not exist)">Miechowie</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozbicie_wi%C4%99zienia_w_Miechowie" class="extiw" title="pl:Rozbicie więzienia w Miechowie">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Radom_prison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raid on Radom prison (page does not exist)">Radom</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozbicie_wi%C4%99zienia_w_Radomiu" class="extiw" title="pl:Rozbicie więzienia w Radomiu">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Kielce_Prison" title="Raid on Kielce Prison">Kielce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August%C3%B3w_roundup" title="Augustów roundup">Augustów</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Stocki_forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Stocki forest (page does not exist)">Stocki forest</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_w_Lesie_Stockim" class="extiw" title="pl:Bitwa w Lesie Stockim">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Mo%C5%82omotki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Mołomotki (page does not exist)">Mołomotki</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Mo%C5%82omotkami" class="extiw" title="pl:Bitwa pod Mołomotkami">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Kotki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Kotki (page does not exist)">Kotki</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Kotkami" class="extiw" title="pl:Bitwa pod Kotkami">pl</a>]</span></li></ul> <dl><dt>1946</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Gajrowskie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Gajrowskie (page does not exist)">Gajrowskie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Zwole%C5%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Zwoleń (page does not exist)">Zwoleń</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Zwoleniem_(1946)" class="extiw" title="pl:Bitwa pod Zwoleniem (1946)">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Hrubiesz%C3%B3w" title="Attack on Hrubieszów">Hrubieszów</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raid_on_Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87_prison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raid on Zamość prison (page does not exist)">zamość</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozbicie_wi%C4%99zienia_w_Zamo%C5%9Bciu_(1946)" class="extiw" title="pl:Rozbicie więzienia w Zamościu (1946)">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Attack_on_Krak%C3%B3w_St._Michael_prison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Attack on Kraków St. Michael prison (page does not exist)">Kraków</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozbicie_wi%C4%99zienia_%C5%9Bw._Micha%C5%82a_w_Krakowie" class="extiw" title="pl:Rozbicie więzienia św. Michała w Krakowie">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_pacification_of_villages_by_PAS_NZW" title="1946 pacification of villages by PAS NZW">Pacification of Bielsk county</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>1947 - 1963</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siege_of_Ostrowsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siege of Ostrowsk (page does not exist)">Ostrowsk</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skirmish_at_Majdan_Kozic_G%C3%B3rnych&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skirmish at Majdan Kozic Górnych (page does not exist)">Majdan Kozic Górnych</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>anti-communist resistance in Poland</b>, also referred to as the <b>Polish anti-communist insurrection</b> fought between 1944 and 1953, was an <a href="/wiki/Anti_communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti communist">anti communist</a> and anti-Soviet armed struggle by the <a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish Underground</a> against the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1945%E2%80%931989)#Stalinist_era_(1948–56)" title="History of Poland (1945–1989)">Soviet domination</a> of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> by the Soviet-installed <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of Poland">People's Republic of Poland</a>, since the <a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">end of World War II in Europe</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrilla">guerrilla</a> warfare conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">resistance movement</a> formed during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">the war</a>, included an array of military attacks launched against <a href="/wiki/Soviet_repressions_of_Polish_citizens_(1939%E2%80%931946)" title="Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)">communist prisons</a>, state <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(Poland)" title="Ministry of Public Security (Poland)">security offices</a>, detention facilities for political prisoners, and prison camps set up across the country by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(Poland)" title="Ministry of Public Security (Poland)">Stalinist authorities</a>. </p><p>In January 1945, the pro-Soviet government installed in Poland by the advancing <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> declared as "illegal" the Polish anti-Nazi resistance movement, principally the <a href="/wiki/Home_Army" title="Home Army">Home Army</a>, and ordered its surviving members to come out into the open while guaranteeing them freedom and safety. Many underground fighters decided to lay down their arms and register, but after doing so, most of them were arrested and thrown in prison. Thousands of them were tortured and later deported into the Soviet <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Gulag</a> camp system, or tried by <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_court" title="Kangaroo court">kangaroo courts</a> and murdered out of sight after extreme beatings (see, the <a href="/wiki/Uroczysko_Baran_killing_fields" title="Uroczysko Baran killing fields">Uroczysko Baran killing fields</a> among similar others).<sup id="cite_ref-baran1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baran1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-baran2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baran2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-baran8_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baran8-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of repression, Armia Krajowa (AK) members quickly stopped trusting the new government, and some of them regrouped clandestinely to oppose the new Soviet occupiers. They formed various post-AK resistance organisations, such as <a href="/wiki/Wolno%C5%9B%C4%87_i_Niezawis%C5%82o%C5%9B%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolność i Niezawisłość">Wolność i Niezawisłość</a> ("Freedom and Sovereignty"), and liberated hundreds of political prisoners. They became known as the "<a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">cursed soldiers</a>" of the Polish underground, and most were eventually captured or killed by the security services and special assassination squads.<sup id="cite_ref-Bagley_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bagley-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soviet_westward_offensive_across_occupied_Poland">Soviet westward offensive across occupied Poland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931953)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Soviet westward offensive across occupied Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the night of 3–4 January 1944 the advancing <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> crossed the former eastern border of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a> in the area of <a href="/wiki/Volhynia" title="Volhynia">Volhynia</a> (near the village of Rokitno). In several months, they pushed the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> further west, reaching the line of the <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a> river on 24 July 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-WW2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WW2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Soviet advance stopped short of <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Armia Krajowa</a> attempted to liberate the Polish capital from <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">the Nazis</a> ahead of the Red Army's offensive. The <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a> by forces loyal to the <a href="/wiki/Polish_government-in-exile" title="Polish government-in-exile">Polish government-in-exile</a> in London was crushed after 63 days. </p><p>On 22 July 1944, acting upon orders from <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, the Polish communists who arrived in the eastern town of <a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm">Chełm</a> created a <a href="/wiki/Polish_Committee_of_National_Liberation" title="Polish Committee of National Liberation">pro-Soviet Committee</a>, which became the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Poland" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland">Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland</a> after re-locating to <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PUPP_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PUPP-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-APPL_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APPL-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After moving to Warsaw in January 1945, and with full political control by Stalin and Soviet sponsorship, the communists abandoned the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a> of prewar Poland and ignored the wishes of the Polish people,<sup id="cite_ref-BUFF_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BUFF-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> basing their new government's power solely on the Red Army's occupation of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-COMM-1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COMM-1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, acting together under the command of Soviet General <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Serov" title="Ivan Serov">Ivan Serov</a>, the forces of the <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a>, <a href="/wiki/SMERSH" title="SMERSH">SMERSH</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Security_(Poland)" title="Ministry of Public Security (Poland)">Polish communist secret service</a> (UB), which was modelled on the Soviet secret police,<sup id="cite_ref-COMM-1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-COMM-1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> began <a href="/wiki/Soviet_repressions_of_Polish_citizens_(1939%E2%80%931946)" title="Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)">countrywide operations</a> against the members of the <a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Armia Krajowa</a> and other Polish resistance units loyal to the government-in-exile. Approximately 25,000 underground soldiers, including 300 Home Army officers, were arrested, disarmed, and interned before October 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-WAW_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WAW-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 15 October 1944, <a href="/wiki/Lavrentiy_Beria" title="Lavrentiy Beria">Lavrentiy Beria</a> signed <i>Order No. 0012266/44</i>, which established NKVD Division 64, whose only task was to fight against the Polish resistance. Tens of thousands of Polish partisans were deported to <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a>. Many members of the Polish underground were given the choice between a lengthy prison sentence, and service in the Soviet-run <a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces_in_the_East" title="Polish Armed Forces in the East">Polish Armed Forces in the East</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ARRE_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARRE-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Faced with an unacceptable choice, and knowing about the grave fate of their own leaders (see: <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_the_Sixteen" title="Trial of the Sixteen">Trial of the Sixteen</a>), thousands of soldiers of the Home Army (which was officially disbanded on 19 January 1945) and other organizations decided to continue fighting for freedom after the <a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">end of World War II</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Polish_anti-communist_Insurrection">Polish anti-communist Insurrection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931953)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Polish anti-communist Insurrection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The situation in Poland in the immediate aftermath of World War II has been described as an all-out civil war,<sup id="cite_ref-CIVIL_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIVIL-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or near civil war by many historians,<sup id="cite_ref-SLAV_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SLAV-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as members of the independence movement carried out numerous attacks on both Soviet and Polish communist offices and institutions. In return, the Stalinist authorities carried out brutal pacifications of partisans and civilians, mass arrests (see: <a href="/wiki/August%C3%B3w_chase_1945" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustów chase 1945">Augustów chase 1945</a>), deportations, as well as executions (see: <a href="/wiki/1951_Mokot%C3%B3w_Prison_execution" class="mw-redirect" title="1951 Mokotów Prison execution">Mokotów Prison murder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Public_execution_in_D%C4%99bica_(1946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public execution in Dębica (1946)">Public execution in Dębica</a>) and many secret assassinations.<sup id="cite_ref-CIVIL_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIVIL-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The anti-communist movement responded with attacks on NKVD and UB camps, such as the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_the_NKVD_Camp_in_Rembert%C3%B3w" title="Attack on the NKVD Camp in Rembertów">Attack on the NKVD Camp in Rembertów</a>. The underground units often engaged in regular battles with the Soviets and Polish communist forces (see: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kury%C5%82%C3%B3wka" title="Battle of Kuryłówka">Battle of Kuryłówka</a>). Resistance units loyal to the Polish government-in-exile did not hesitate to attack even large cities, to free their fellow soldiers kept in various prisons and detention camps across Poland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_attacks_on_communist_prisons,_camps_and_state_security_offices"><span id="List_of_attacks_on_communist_prisons.2C_camps_and_state_security_offices"></span>List of attacks on communist prisons, camps and state security offices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931953)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: List of attacks on communist prisons, camps and state security offices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2007, the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_National_Remembrance" title="Institute of National Remembrance">Institute of National Remembrance</a> Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation (IPN), published the <i>Atlas of the Independence Underground in Poland 1944–1956</i>, listing scores of armed attacks on communist prisons after World War II, in which hundreds of political prisoners were freed. The most daring assaults were conducted before October 1946. </p><p><small><i><b>For a chronological list of anti-Communist operations, please use table-sort buttons.</b></i></small> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" align="left" width="98%" style="background:#FFFFFF; font-size:100%; border:0px solid #a3bfb1; color:#000;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="width: 13em;">City or town </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 9em;">Month </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em;">Year </th> <th scope="col">Resistance operation with number of prisoners liberated </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a" title="Bielsko-Biała">Biala Krakowska</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> May 12</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attack on a local prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82a_Podlaska" title="Biała Podlaska">Biała Podlaska</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> November 28</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1944</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 2 political prisoners freed during an attack. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> Biała Podlaska</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> March 9</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 103 political prisoners liberated after an attack. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> Biała Podlaska</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> May 21</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 5 political prisoners were freed after an attack. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> May 9</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 100 (or so) members of <a href="/wiki/Home_Army" title="Home Army">Home Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Armed_Forces" title="National Armed Forces">National Armed Forces</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Military_Organization" title="National Military Organization">National Military Organization</a> escaped after the local prison was taken over by them. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Bi%C5%82goraj" title="Biłgoraj">Biłgoraj</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> February 28</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 40 political prisoners liberated after an <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Delegation_for_Poland" title="Armed Forces Delegation for Poland">DSZ unit</a> captured the whole town. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> Biłgoraj</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> May 27</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attempt by DSZ unit at destroying an SB prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> Bludek village in southern <a href="/wiki/Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Lublin Voivodeship">Lublin Voivodeship</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945?</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> An attack on a local camp for political prisoners, by DSZ unit from <a href="/wiki/Tomasz%C3%B3w_Lubelski" title="Tomaszów Lubelski">Tomaszów Lubelski</a>; the camp was captured and burned down, and the NKVD commandant of the camp executed. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Brzesko" title="Brzesko">Brzesko</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> May</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attack on a local prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Brzeziny" class="mw-redirect" title="Brzeziny">Brzeziny</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> September 6</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attack on a local prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> Brzeziny</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> May 15</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1946</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attack on a local prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Brzoz%C3%B3w" title="Brzozów">Brzozów</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> December 13</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1944</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 11 political prisoners freed after a local prison was captured by a Home Army unit. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/D%C4%85browa_Tarnowska" title="Dąbrowa Tarnowska">Dąbrowa Tarnowska</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> May 8–9</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 80 (or so) political prisoners were freed after an independence unit took control of the town and the prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Grajewo" title="Grajewo">Grajewo</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> May 8–9 <small>(night of)</small></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 100 (or so) political prisoners were liberated after several independence resistance units seized the whole town, killing 2 NKVD agents and 2 UB agents. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> Grojec</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> November 21</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attack on a prison, in which 2 UB agents were killed. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hrubiesz%C3%B3w" title="Hrubieszów">Hrubieszów</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> December 19</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1944</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 12 Home Army soldiers kept in a local prison were freed by their own unit. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> Hrubieszów</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> May 27–28</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> Acting together, DSZ and Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">UPA</a> units captured the whole town, burning down local prison and killing 5 NKVD agents. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Jan%C3%B3w_Lubelski" title="Janów Lubelski">Janów Lubelski</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> April 27</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 15 political prisoners liberated after an DSZ unit seized the town. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Jaworzno" title="Jaworzno">Jaworzno</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> October</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attack on the <a href="/wiki/Central_Labour_Camp_Jaworzno" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Labour Camp Jaworzno">Central Labour Camp Jaworzno</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/K%C4%99pno" title="Kępno">Kępno</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> November 22–23</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A local prison was captured, 5 UB agents and a Red Army soldier killed. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Kielce" title="Kielce">Kielce</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> August 4–5</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 354 political prisoners liberated; 3 UB agents and a soldier of the Red Army killed after the unit under <a href="/wiki/Antoni_Heda" title="Antoni Heda">Antoni Heda</a> took control of the city. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> Koźmin</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> September 1</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A local prison was destroyed. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> Koźmin</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> October 10–11</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attack on a local prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Kozienice" title="Kozienice">Kozienice</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> May 5–6</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 8 political prisoners freed, and a Red Army soldier killed after an independence underground unit took control of the town. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> August 18</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1946</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 64 political prisoners freed after a local prison was captured. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Krasnystaw" title="Krasnystaw">Krasnystaw</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> November 22</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1944</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 5 Home Army soldiers kept in a local prison, liberated by their fellow companions. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Krotoszyn" title="Krotoszyn">Krotoszyn</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> August 24</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attack on a local prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Limanowa" title="Limanowa">Limanowa</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> April 17</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 13 political prisoners were freed after a local prison was captured. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Łomża">Łomża</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> May 21</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A local prison was destroyed, 2 UB agents were killed. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%C5%81owicz" title="Łowicz">Łowicz</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> March 8</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 73 political prisoners were freed after a local prison was captured by the former Home Army unit. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/%C5%81uk%C3%B3w" title="Łuków">Łuków</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> January 24</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1946</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 27 political prisoners liberated after a <a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom and Independence">Freedom and Independence</a> unit captured the town and the prison; 3 UB agents killed. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Mak%C3%B3w_Mazowiecki" title="Maków Mazowiecki">Maków Mazowiecki</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> May 1</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 42 political prisoners freed and 8 UB agents killed after an attack on a local prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Miech%C3%B3w" title="Miechów">Miechów</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> April 25–2</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A local prison was destroyed. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/M%C5%82awa" title="Mława">Mława</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> June 3</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> An attack on a local prison in which unknown number of political prisoners was freed and 3 UB agents killed. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Nowy_S%C4%85cz" title="Nowy Sącz">Nowy Sącz</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> April</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1946</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attack on a local prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Nowy_Targ" title="Nowy Targ">Nowy Targ</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> April 17–18</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A local prison destroyed by the unit under <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Kura%C5%9B" title="Józef Kuraś">Józef Kuraś</a>, 4 UB agents killed. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Ostr%C3%B3w_Wielkopolski" title="Ostrów Wielkopolski">Ostrów Wielkopolski</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> September 2</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attack on a local prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Pabianice" title="Pabianice">Pabianice</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> June 10</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 10 political prisoners were freed after a local prison was captured. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%84cz%C3%B3w" title="Pińczów">Pińczów</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> June 3–4</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attack on a local prison, 1 UB agent killed. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Piotrk%C3%B3w_Trybunalski" title="Piotrków Trybunalski">Piotrków Trybunalski</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> June 17</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> An attack on a detention camp for the Home Army soldiers; the camp was captured and destroyed and 5 UB agents killed. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Przemy%C5%9Bl" title="Przemyśl">Przemyśl</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> May 14–15</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 58 persons escaped after the arrested soldiers of the Home Army took control of the prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Przeworsk" title="Przeworsk">Przeworsk</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> May 15</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attack on a local prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Pu%C5%82awy" title="Puławy">Puławy</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> April 24</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 117 political prisoners were freed, and 7 UB agents killed. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Rabka-Zdr%C3%B3j" title="Rabka-Zdrój">Rabka</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> December 11</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A local prison was captured, 1 UB agent killed. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Radom" title="Radom">Radom</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> September 9</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 300 (or so) political prisoners were liberated, 2 Red Army soldiers and one UB agent killed. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Radomsko" title="Radomsko">Radomsko</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> April 19–20</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1946</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 5 political prisoners were freed after the town was captured and a local prison destroyed. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Radzy%C5%84_Podlaski" title="Radzyń Podlaski">Radzyń</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> Dec. 31 – Jan. 1</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945–46</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attack on the prison, carried out by the Freedom and Independence unit. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Rembert%C3%B3w" title="Rembertów">Rembertów</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> May 20–21</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 800–1400 men were liberated after an attack on NKVD prison camp (for more information, see: <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_the_NKVD_Camp_in_Rembert%C3%B3w" title="Attack on the NKVD Camp in Rembertów">Attack on the NKVD Camp in Rembertów</a>). </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Rozwad%C3%B3w" title="Rozwadów">Rozwadów</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> February 3</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1946</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attack on a local prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Rzesz%C3%B3w" title="Rzeszów">Rzeszów</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> October 7–8</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1944</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attack on a prison located in Rzeszów Castle made by a Home Army unit under Colonel <a href="/wiki/%C5%81ukasz_Ciepli%C5%84ski" title="Łukasz Ciepliński">Łukasz Ciepliński</a>. Home Army lost 2 men, Red Army also 2, <a href="/wiki/Milicja_Obywatelska" title="Milicja Obywatelska">Milicja Obywatelska</a> – 2 as well. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sandomierz" title="Sandomierz">Sandomierz</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> March 10</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 100 (or so) political prisoners broke free from the local prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Soko%C5%82%C3%B3w_Podlaski" title="Sokołów Podlaski">Sokołów Podlaski</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> October</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1944</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed Home Army attack on a local prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Szamotu%C5%82y" title="Szamotuły">Szamotuły</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> June 7–8</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 2 political prisoners were freed after a local prison was captured. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Szczyrk" title="Szczyrk">Szczyrk</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> July 19</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attempt to capture a local prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Tarnobrzeg" title="Tarnobrzeg">Tarnobrzeg</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> November 2</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1944</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 15 Home Army soldiers freed from local prison by a Home Army unit. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Tarn%C3%B3w" title="Tarnów">Tarnów</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> July 1</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 35 political prisoners were liberated after a local prison was captured. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/W%C4%99gr%C3%B3w" title="Węgrów">Węgrów</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> May 17–18</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 2 political prisoners freed after an attack on a local prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odawa" title="Włodawa">Włodawa</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> October 22</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1946</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 100 (or so) political prisoners were freed after a local prison was captured. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82oszczowa" title="Włoszczowa">Włoszczowa</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> April 22</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1945</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attack on a local prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Wyrzysk" title="Wyrzysk">Wyrzysk</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> May 24</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1946</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 43 political prisoners were liberated, and 1 UB security agent killed after a local prison was captured. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Zakopane" title="Zakopane">Zakopane</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> February 1</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1946</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attack on a local prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> Zakopane</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> October 13</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1946</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> A failed attack on a local prison. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Zamość">Zamość</a></td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> July 22</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1944</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 18 Home Army soldiers kept in a local prison were freed by their fellow companions. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> Zamość</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> October 7</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1944</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 34 Home Army soldiers kept in a local prison were freed by their own unit. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> Zamość</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> May 8</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 1946</td> <td><span class="nowrap"> </span> 301 political prisoners were freed after an attack carried out by the Freedom and Independence unit. </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <th><small>City or town</small> </th> <th><small>Month</small> </th> <th><small>Year</small> </th> <th><small>Resistance operation with number of prisoners liberated</small> </th></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><small>As per <i>Atlas of the Independence Underground in Poland 1944–1956</i> by the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_National_Remembrance" title="Institute of National Remembrance">Institute of National Remembrance</a>, 2007</small></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Polish_National_Day_of_Remembrance_of_the_"cursed_soldiers""><span id="Polish_National_Day_of_Remembrance_of_the_.22cursed_soldiers.22"></span>Polish National Day of Remembrance of the "cursed soldiers"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931953)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Polish National Day of Remembrance of the "cursed soldiers""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ndzw7.2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ndzw7.2011.jpg/220px-Ndzw7.2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ndzw7.2011.jpg/330px-Ndzw7.2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ndzw7.2011.jpg/440px-Ndzw7.2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="809" /></a><figcaption>National Day of Remembrance of the "cursed soldiers" commemorations in 2011</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2001 the Polish Parliament (<a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a>) passed a resolution recognizing the merits of underground organizations and groups fighting for Poland's sovereignty after World War II. The resolution acknowledged their unequal struggle against the Soviet takeover of Poland and paid tribute to the fallen and murdered soldiers and the imprisoned members of all organizations that were persecuted by the postwar communist authorities. This was the first official recognition of such magnitude intended to honour the fighters of the armed anti-communist underground.<sup id="cite_ref-senat_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-senat-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bill was signed into law by President <a href="/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Komorowski" title="Bronisław Komorowski">Bronisław Komorowski</a> on 9 February 2011 and published in the Poland's <a href="/wiki/Dziennik_Ustaw" title="Dziennik Ustaw">Dziennik Ustaw</a> Nr 32 / 160 on 15 February 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-prezydent.pl_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prezydent.pl-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The National Day of Remembrance of the "cursed soldiers" is now commemorated every year in Poland on 1 March. </p><p>The original request to establish the Day of Remembrance was submitted in 2009 by Polish war veterans' organizations, including the World Union of Home Army Soldiers (Światowy Związek Żołnierzy Armii Krajowej) and the Association of Soldiers of the National Armed Forces (Związek Żołnierzy Narodowych Sił Zbrojnych). The initiative was backed by local authorities and parliamentary groupings including Poland's two main political parties, <a href="/wiki/Civic_Platform" title="Civic Platform">Civic Platform</a> and <a href="/wiki/Law_and_Justice_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Law and Justice (Poland)">Law and Justice</a>. The legislative initiative for the enactment of the new national holiday was taken in 2010 by the late President <a href="/wiki/Lech_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Lech Kaczyński">Lech Kaczyński</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gazetaprawna.pl_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gazetaprawna.pl-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931953)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The novel <i><a href="/wiki/Ashes_and_Diamonds" title="Ashes and Diamonds">Ashes and Diamonds</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Andrzejewski" title="Jerzy Andrzejewski">Jerzy Andrzejewski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Wajda" title="Andrzej Wajda">Andrzej Wajda</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ashes_and_Diamonds_(film)" title="Ashes and Diamonds (film)">dramatization of the book</a>, are devoted to the bloody events in Poland in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, depicting an operation by anti-communist resistance fighters to assassinate a <a href="/wiki/Commissar" title="Commissar">commissar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hames_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hames-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931953)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931989)" title="Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1989)">Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_anti-Communist_insurgencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern European anti-Communist insurgencies">Eastern European anti-Communist insurgencies</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931953)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-baran1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-baran1_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStaff_writer2014" class="citation cs2">Staff writer (June 18, 2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20170814150243/http://www.miedzyrzec.info/artykuly/tajemnica-uroczyska-baran/">"The Secrets of Uroczysko Baran"</a> [Tajemnica Uroczyska Baran], <i>Oddano hołd żołnierzom AK, NSZ, BCh oraz WiN</i>, Międzyrzec.info, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.miedzyrzec.info/artykuly/tajemnica-uroczyska-baran/">the original</a> on August 14, 2017</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oddano+ho%C5%82d+%C5%BCo%C5%82nierzom+AK%2C+NSZ%2C+BCh+oraz+WiN&rft.atitle=The+Secrets+of+Uroczysko+Baran&rft.date=2014-06-18&rft.au=Staff+writer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.miedzyrzec.info%2Fartykuly%2Ftajemnica-uroczyska-baran%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-communist+resistance+in+Poland+%281944%E2%80%931953%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-baran2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-baran2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLublin112.pl2015" class="citation cs2">Lublin112.pl (January 10, 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20170814145753/http://lublin.naszemiasto.pl/artykul/uroczysko-baran-w-kakolewnicy-drugi-katyn,2804080,art,t,id,tm.html">"Uroczysko Baran in Kąkolewnica: the Second Katyn"</a> [Uroczysko "Baran" w Kąkolewnicy: Drugi Katyń], <i>Materiał Dziennikarza Obywatelskiego</i>, Lublin.NaszeMiasto.pl, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lublin.naszemiasto.pl/artykul/uroczysko-baran-w-kakolewnicy-drugi-katyn,2804080,art,t,id,tm.html">the original</a> on August 14, 2017</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Materia%C5%82+Dziennikarza+Obywatelskiego&rft.atitle=Uroczysko+Baran+in+K%C4%85kolewnica%3A+the+Second+Katyn&rft.date=2015-01-10&rft.au=Lublin112.pl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flublin.naszemiasto.pl%2Fartykul%2Furoczysko-baran-w-kakolewnicy-drugi-katyn%2C2804080%2Cart%2Ct%2Cid%2Ctm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-communist+resistance+in+Poland+%281944%E2%80%931953%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-baran8-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-baran8_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarolina_Bogudał2017" class="citation cs2">Karolina Bogudał (2017-07-20), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20170814151307/http://podlasie24.pl//radzyn/region/-uroczysko-baran-trwa-poszukiwanie-szczatkow-ludzkich-21d41.html">"At Uroczysko Baran known as Little Katyn, new exhumations to begin"</a> [Uroczysko Baran: trwa poszukiwanie szczątków ludzkich], <i>W Uroczysku Baran w Kąkolewnicy, zwanym Małym Katyniem, rozpoczęły się prace poszukiwawczo - ekshumacyjne</i>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://podlasie24.pl//radzyn/region/-uroczysko-baran-trwa-poszukiwanie-szczatkow-ludzkich-21d41.html">the original</a> on 2017-08-14</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=W+Uroczysku+Baran+w+K%C4%85kolewnicy%2C+zwanym+Ma%C5%82ym+Katyniem%2C+rozpocz%C4%99%C5%82y+si%C4%99+prace+poszukiwawczo+-+ekshumacyjne&rft.atitle=At+Uroczysko+Baran+known+as+Little+Katyn%2C+new+exhumations+to+begin&rft.date=2017-07-20&rft.au=Karolina+Boguda%C5%82&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpodlasie24.pl%2F%2Fradzyn%2Fregion%2F-uroczysko-baran-trwa-poszukiwanie-szczatkow-ludzkich-21d41.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-communist+resistance+in+Poland+%281944%E2%80%931953%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bagley-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bagley_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTennent_H._Bagley2007" class="citation book cs1">Tennent H. Bagley (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ng7myCguewAC&q=%22puppet+government+they+had+set+up%22+%22formally+disbanded+the+AK%22&pg=PA120"><i>Spy wars: moles, mysteries, and deadly games</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12198-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12198-8"><bdi>978-0-300-12198-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spy+wars%3A+moles%2C+mysteries%2C+and+deadly+games&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12198-8&rft.au=Tennent+H.+Bagley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNg7myCguewAC%26q%3D%2522puppet%2Bgovernment%2Bthey%2Bhad%2Bset%2Bup%2522%2B%2522formally%2Bdisbanded%2Bthe%2BAK%2522%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-communist+resistance+in+Poland+%281944%E2%80%931953%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WW2-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WW2_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305034139/http://worldwar-2.net/timelines/war-in-europe/eastern-europe/eastern-europe-index-1944.htm">World War II in Europe timeline.</a> WorldWar-2.net  <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PUPP-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PUPP_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=guYU3I5f2ZgC&dq=Polish+puppet+government+&pg=RA1-PA198"><i>The great globe itself: a preface to world affairs</i> By William Bullitt, Francis P. Sempa</a>  <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-APPL-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-APPL_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.applet-magic.com/poland.htm">The Economy and Economic History of Poland by Thayer Watkins, San José State University</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191019145403/http://www.applet-magic.com/poland.htm">Archived</a> 2019-10-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>  <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BUFF-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BUFF_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info-poland.buffalo.edu/classroom/longhist6.html">Poland - The Historical Setting</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090615172355/http://info-poland.buffalo.edu/classroom/longhist6.html">Archived</a> 2009-06-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Polish Academic Information Center, <a href="/wiki/University_at_Buffalo" title="University at Buffalo">University at Buffalo</a>  <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-COMM-1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-COMM-1_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-COMM-1_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YqCIP5hxo4YC&dq=Communist+Poland+based+on+NKVD&pg=PA96">The establishment of communist regimes in Eastern Europe, 1944-1949 By Norman Naimark</a>  <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WAW-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WAW_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warsawuprising.com/paper/nkvd.htm">Soviet NKVD, at www.warsawuprising.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121073022/http://www.warsawuprising.com/paper/nkvd.htm">Archived</a> 2021-01-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>  <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARRE-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ARRE_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EBpghdZeIwAC&dq=NKVD+arresting+Poles&pg=PA351"><i>God's Playground: 1795 to the present</i> By Norman Davies</a>  <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIVIL-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIVIL_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIVIL_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hafLHZgZtt4C&dq=civil+war+Poland+1945&pg=PA987">Civil war in Poland. <i>Europe since 1945: an encyclopedia</i>, Volume 2, Bernard A. Cook</a>  <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SLAV-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SLAV_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/Slavonic/L1Hstal.htm">"Stalinism in Poland: 1945-1956" by Dr John Bates, 2000, at www.arts.gla.ac.uk</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051219135149/http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/Slavonic/L1Hstal.htm">Archived</a> 2005-12-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>  <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-senat-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-senat_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120316004320/http://www.senat.gov.pl/k7/dok/uch/070/1103uch.pdf">"Uchwała Senatu RzP dnia 4 lutego 2011 roku w sprawie ustawy o ustanowieniu Narodowego Dnia Pamięci "Żołnierzy Wyklętych"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Senate" title="Senate">Senat</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Poland">RP</a>. 4 February 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.senat.gov.pl/k7/dok/uch/070/1103uch.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 16, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uchwa%C5%82a+Senatu+RzP+dnia+4+lutego+2011+roku+w+sprawie+ustawy+o+ustanowieniu+Narodowego+Dnia+Pami%C4%99ci+%22%C5%BBo%C5%82nierzy+Wykl%C4%99tych%22&rft.pub=Senat+RP&rft.date=2011-02-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.senat.gov.pl%2Fk7%2Fdok%2Fuch%2F070%2F1103uch.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-communist+resistance+in+Poland+%281944%E2%80%931953%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-prezydent.pl-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-prezydent.pl_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190302152411/https://www.prezydent.pl/aktualnosci/wiadomosci/art,1655,prezydent-podpisal-ustawe-o-dniu-pamieci-zolnierzy-wykletych.html">"Prezydent podpisał ustawę o Dniu Pamięci "Żołnierzy Wyklętych"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Polska_Agencja_Prasowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Polska Agencja Prasowa">Polska Agencja Prasowa</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prezydent.pl/aktualnosci/wiadomosci/art,1655,prezydent-podpisal-ustawe-o-dniu-pamieci-zolnierzy-wykletych.html">the original</a> on March 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prezydent+podpisa%C5%82+ustaw%C4%99+o+Dniu+Pami%C4%99ci+%22%C5%BBo%C5%82nierzy+Wykl%C4%99tych%22&rft.pub=Polska+Agencja+Prasowa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prezydent.pl%2Faktualnosci%2Fwiadomosci%2Fart%2C1655%2Cprezydent-podpisal-ustawe-o-dniu-pamieci-zolnierzy-wykletych.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-communist+resistance+in+Poland+%281944%E2%80%931953%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gazetaprawna.pl-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gazetaprawna.pl_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDziennik_Gazeta_Prawna2011" class="citation web cs1">Dziennik <i>Gazeta Prawna</i> (3 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gazetaprawna.pl/wiadomosci/artykuly/484187,bedziemy_mieli_nowe_swieto_narodowy_dzien_pamieci_zolnierzy_wykletych.html">"Będziemy mieli nowe święto: Narodowy Dzień Pamięci "Żołnierzy Wyklętych"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Polish_Press_Agency" title="Polish Press Agency">PAP</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B%C4%99dziemy+mieli+nowe+%C5%9Bwi%C4%99to%3A+Narodowy+Dzie%C5%84+Pami%C4%99ci+%22%C5%BBo%C5%82nierzy+Wykl%C4%99tych%22&rft.pub=PAP&rft.date=2011-02-03&rft.au=Dziennik+%27%27Gazeta+Prawna%27%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazetaprawna.pl%2Fwiadomosci%2Fartykuly%2F484187%2Cbedziemy_mieli_nowe_swieto_narodowy_dzien_pamieci_zolnierzy_wykletych.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-communist+resistance+in+Poland+%281944%E2%80%931953%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hames-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hames_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalkowskaHames2004" class="citation book cs1">Falkowska, Janina; Hames, Peter (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0KhyA30EJiUC&q=Diament+Ashes+and+Diamonds+Andrzej+Wajda"><i>The Cinema of Central Europe</i></a>. Wallflower Press. pp. 65–74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1904764207" title="Special:BookSources/1904764207"><bdi>1904764207</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cinema+of+Central+Europe&rft.pages=65-74&rft.pub=Wallflower+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1904764207&rft.aulast=Falkowska&rft.aufirst=Janina&rft.au=Hames%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0KhyA30EJiUC%26q%3DDiament%2BAshes%2Band%2BDiamonds%2BAndrzej%2BWajda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnti-communist+resistance+in+Poland+%281944%E2%80%931953%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><i>The Atlas of the Independence Underground in Poland 1944–1956</i>, <a href="/wiki/Instytut_Pamieci_Narodowej" class="mw-redirect" title="Instytut Pamieci Narodowej">Instytut Pamieci Narodowej</a>, Warszawa-Lublin, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-60464-45-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-60464-45-8">978-83-60464-45-8</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freedomandindependence.com">WiN | Freedom and Independence - A Historical Brief</a> by Dr. Janusz Marek Kurtyka, Ph.D., Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, IPN, Poland.</li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doomedsoldiers.com/">Doomed Soldiers 1944-1963: The Untold Story</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Polish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://podziemiezbrojne.blox.pl/html">ŻOŁNIERZE WYKLĘCI, Zapomniani Bohaterowie</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190424021531/http://podziemiezbrojne.blox.pl/html">Archived</a> 2019-04-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="24px&#124;Flag_of_the_Armia_Krajowa_Polish_Underground_State" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polish_Underground_State" title="Template:Polish Underground State"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polish_Underground_State" title="Template talk:Polish Underground State"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polish_Underground_State" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polish Underground State"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="24px&#124;Flag_of_the_Armia_Krajowa_Polish_Underground_State" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flaga_PPP.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Armia Krajowa"><img alt="Flag of the Armia Krajowa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/24px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/36px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/48px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="627" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Polish_Underground_State" title="Polish Underground State">Polish Underground State</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_government-in-exile" title="Polish government-in-exile">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Delegation_for_Poland" title="Government Delegation for Poland">Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_National_Unity" title="Council of National Unity">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Civil_Resistance" title="Directorate of Civil Resistance">Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Political<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Major</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Socialist_Party" title="Polish Socialist Party">Polish Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Poland)" title="People's Party (Poland)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Poland)" title="National Party (Poland)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Faction_(1937)" title="Labour Faction (1937)">Labour Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Minor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_of_National_Unity" title="Camp of National Unity">Camp of National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Poland)">Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Jewish_Labour_Bund_in_Poland" title="General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland">Jewish Labor Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashomer_Hatzair" title="Hashomer Hatzair">Hashomer Hatzair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betar" title="Betar">Betar (Zionist youth)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Workers%27_Party" title="Polish Workers' Party">Polish Workers' Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Military<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Home Army (AK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_for_Poland%27s_Victory" title="Service for Poland's Victory">Service for Poland's Victory (SZP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Armed_Struggle" title="Union of Armed Struggle">Armed Resistance (ZWZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_Ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray Ranks">Gray Ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Corps" title="National Security Corps">National Security Corps (PKB)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Mostly integrated<br />with <a href="/wiki/Union_for_Armed_Struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Union for Armed Struggle">Armed Resistance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Home Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwardia_Ludowa_WRN" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwardia Ludowa WRN">Gwardia Ludowa WRN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataliony_Ch%C5%82opskie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataliony Chłopskie">Peasant Battalions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Partly integrated<br />with <a href="/wiki/Union_for_Armed_Struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Union for Armed Struggle">Armed Resistance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Home Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Military_Organization" title="National Military Organization">National Military Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Armed_Forces" title="National Armed Forces">National Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_of_Fighting_Poland" title="Camp of Fighting Poland">Camp of Fighting Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konfederacja_Narodu" class="mw-redirect" title="Konfederacja Narodu">Konfederacja Narodu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Non-integrated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Combat_Organization" title="Jewish Combat Organization">Jewish Combat Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Military_Union" title="Jewish Military Union">Jewish Military Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.0em;font-weight:normal;">Opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwardia_Ludowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwardia Ludowa">Gwardia Ludowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armia_Ludowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Ludowa">Armia Ludowa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_culture_during_World_War_II" title="Polish culture during World War II">Cultural activities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Poland_during_World_War_II" title="Education in Poland during World War II">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">History of Poland during 1939–1945</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II" title="Template:World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_II" title="Template talk:World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_II" title="Outline of World War II">Outline</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_battles" title="List of World War II battles">Battles</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_military_operations" title="List of World War II military operations">Operations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Leaders</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Allied leaders of World War II">Allied</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Axis_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Axis leaders of World War II">Axis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Commanders_of_World_War_II" title="Commanders of World War II">Commanders</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_casualties" title="World War II casualties">Casualties</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">Conferences</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_topics" title="Lists of World War II topics">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air warfare of World War II</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe" title="List of air operations during the Battle of Europe">In Europe</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comparative_officer_ranks_of_World_War_II" title="Comparative officer ranks of World War II">Comparative military ranks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_cryptography" title="World War II cryptography">Cryptography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_II" title="Declarations of war during World War II">Declarations of war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_II" title="Diplomatic history of World War II">Diplomacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_in_exile_during_World_War_II" title="List of governments in exile during World War II">Governments in exile</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Home front during World War II">Home front</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Australian_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Australian home front during World War II">Australian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">United Kingdom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">United States</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British contribution</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_World_War_II" title="List of military awards and decorations of World War II">Military awards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_military_equipment" title="Lists of World War II military equipment">Military equipment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_production_during_World_War_II" title="Military production during World War II">Military production</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_World_War_II" title="Naval history of World War II">Naval history</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_plunder" title="Nazi plunder">Nazi plunder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_II" title="Opposition to World War II">Opposition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_II" title="Technology during World War II">Technology</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_technological_cooperation_during_World_War_II" title="Allied technological cooperation during World War II">Allied cooperation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry harbour">Mulberry harbour</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Total_war#World_War_II" title="Total war">Total war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states" title="List of World War II puppet states">Puppet states</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_World_War_II" title="Women in World War II">Women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Art_and_World_War_II" title="Art and World War II">Art and World War II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Music_in_World_War_II" title="Music in World War II">Music in World War II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Weather_events_during_wars#World_War_II" title="Weather events during wars">Weather events during World War II</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_and_campaigns_of_World_War_II" title="List of theaters and campaigns of World War II">Theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_theater" title="Asiatic-Pacific theater">Asia and Pacific</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">North and Central Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South-West Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic">timeline</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Americas</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Expulsion of Germans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Keelhaul" title="Operation Keelhaul"><i>Keelhaul</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Occupation of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Osoaviakhim" title="Operation Osoaviakhim"><i>Osoaviakhim</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip"><i>Paperclip</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">Soviet occupations</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Hungary–Soviet Union relations">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Romania</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Territorial changes of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="War crimes in World War II">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_war_crimes_during_World_War_II" title="Allied war crimes during World War II">Allied war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="Soviet war crimes">Soviet war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="British war crimes">British war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="United States war crimes">United States war crimes</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="German war crimes">German war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_of_the_Wehrmacht" title="War crimes of the Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Holocaust" title="Aftermath of the Holocaust">Aftermath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_response_to_the_Holocaust" title="International response to the Holocaust">Response</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_war_crimes" title="Italian war crimes">Italian war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unit_731" title="Unit 731">Unit 731</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">Prosecution</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Croatian war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Persecution of Jews</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania#The_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romanian war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sexual violence</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_military_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German military brothels in World War II">German military brothels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_camp_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German camp brothels in World War II">Camp brothels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Germany" title="Rape during the occupation of Germany">Rape during the occupation of Germany</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Japan" title="Rape during the occupation of Japan">Japan</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Soviet_occupation_of_Poland" title="Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_France" title="Rape during the liberation of France">Rape during the liberation of France</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_Serbia" title="Rape during the liberation of Serbia">Serbia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">Comfort women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manila_massacre#Mass_rapes" title="Manila massacre">Rape of Manila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marocchinate" title="Marocchinate">Marocchinate</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_by_country" title="World War II by country">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algeria_in_World_War_II" title="Algeria in World War II">Algeria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brazil_in_World_War_II" title="Brazil in World War II">Brazil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">from September 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Canada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">Cuba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eswatini_in_World_War_II" title="Eswatini in World War II">Eswatini</a> (formerly Swaziland)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">from September 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Greece during World War II">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Co-belligerent_Army" title="Italian Co-belligerent Army">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">from September 1943</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" title="Luxembourg in World War II">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Mexico during World War II">Mexico</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Netherlands_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Netherlands during World War II">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II">Newfoundland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II">New Zealand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Philippines during World War II">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Romanian coup d'état">from August 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" title="Sierra Leone in World War II">Sierra Leone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II">Southern Rhodesia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tuva_in_World_War_II" title="Tuva in World War II">Tuva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">United Kingdom</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="British Empire in World War II">British Empire</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">United States</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_World_War_II" title="Puerto Ricans in World War II">Puerto Rico</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania protectorate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (until September 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Wang Jingwei regime</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (until September 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German Reich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">French Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">Italy</a> (until September 1943)</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (until August 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers">Collaboration</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Neutral_powers_during_World_War_II" title="Neutral powers during World War II">Neutral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andorra#20th_and_21st_centuries" title="History of Andorra">Andorra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" title="Irish neutrality during World War II">Ireland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtenstein in World War II">Liechtenstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" title="Portugal during World War II">Portugal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">Sweden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">Switzerland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_during_World_War_II" title="Vatican City during World War II">Vatican City</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II">Bulgaria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czech lands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies#Underground_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_anti-German_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arbegnoch" title="Arbegnoch">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong#Anti-Japanese_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Political_dissidence_in_the_Empire_of_Japan#Dissidence_during_World_War_II" title="Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan">Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_resistance_in_German-occupied_Europe" title="Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe">Jews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Liberation_Army" title="Korean Liberation Army">Korean Liberation Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Volunteer_Army" title="Korean Volunteer Army">Korean Volunteer Army</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Anti-Japanese_Army" title="Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army">Malaya</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Anti-Japanese_United_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army">Northeast China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_resistance_against_Japan" title="Philippine resistance against Japan">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_Thai_Movement" title="Free Thai Movement">Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Western Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vietnam</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Qu%E1%BB%91c_D%C3%A2n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng" title="Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng">Quốc dân Đảng</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">German prisoners</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_Azerbaijan" title="German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">United States</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="German prisoners of war in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="Japanese prisoners of war in World War II">Japanese prisoners</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Polish_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war">German atrocities against Polish POWs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Soviet prisoners</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_prisoners_of_war_in_Finland" title="Soviet prisoners of war in Finland">Finland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Soviet_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war">atrocities by Germans</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_prisoners-of-war_in_the_Soviet_Union_after_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939">Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_timelines_of_World_War_II" title="List of timelines of World War II">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Prelude" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II" title="Causes of World War II">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abyssinia_Crisis" title="Abyssinia Crisis">Africa</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="Events preceding World War II in Asia">Asia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol" title="Battles of Khalkhin Gol">Battles of Khalkhin Gol</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="Events preceding World War II in Europe">Europe</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Occupation of Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Himmler" title="Operation Himmler">Operation Himmler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)" title="Timeline of World War II (1939)">1939</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">First Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Guangxi" title="Battle of South Guangxi">Battle of South Guangxi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive" title="1939–1940 Winter Offensive">1939–1940 Winter Offensive</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1940)" title="Timeline of World War II (1940)">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norwegian campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">German invasion of Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zaoyang%E2%80%93Yichang" title="Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang">Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Luxembourg" title="German invasion of Luxembourg">German invasion of Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">German invasion of the Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">German invasion of Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Battle of the Mediterranean</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">North Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Regiments_Offensive" title="Hundred Regiments Offensive">Hundred Regiments Offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Eastern Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Japanese invasion of French Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Italian invasion of Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Compass" title="Operation Compass">Compass</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1941)" title="Timeline of World War II (1941)">1941</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Henan" title="Battle of South Henan">Battle of South Henan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanggao" title="Battle of Shanggao">Battle of Shanggao</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Greece" title="German invasion of Greece">German invasion of Greece</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Shanxi" title="Battle of South Shanxi">Battle of South Shanxi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Invasion of the Soviet Union</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Summer_War" title="Summer War">Summer War</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Finland</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Silver_Fox" title="Operation Silver Fox">Silver Fox</a></i>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)" title="Battle of Kiev (1941)">Battle of Kiev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941)">Second Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Battle of Moscow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Siege of Sevastopol</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Japanese invasion of Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Fall of Hong Kong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Fall of the Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">Battle of Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">Battle of Wake Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malayan campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)">Battle of Borneo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Japanese invasion of Burma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)">Third Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Greece)" title="Great Famine (Greece)">Greek famine of 1941–1944</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1942)" title="Timeline of World War II (1942)">1942</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Java_Sea" title="Battle of the Java Sea">Battle of the Java Sea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Battle of Christmas Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Battle of the Coral Sea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang-Jiangxi_campaign" title="Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign">Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala" title="Battle of Gazala">Battle of Gazala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dutch_Harbor" title="Battle of Dutch Harbor">Battle of Dutch Harbor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Kiska" title="Japanese occupation of Kiska">Kiska</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Attu" title="Japanese occupation of Attu"> Attu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Blue</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="First Battle of El Alamein">First Battle of El Alamein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rzhev,_summer_1942" title="Battle of Rzhev, summer 1942">Rzhev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Jubilee</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch"><i>Torch</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_famine_of_1942%E2%80%931943" title="Chinese famine of 1942–1943">Chinese famine of 1942–1943</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1943)" title="Timeline of World War II (1943)">1943</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_May_(1943)" title="Black May (1943)">Black May</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisian campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hubei" title="Battle of West Hubei">Battle of West Hubei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attu" title="Battle of Attu">Battle of Attu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II#June_1943" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Battle of Kursk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_operation" title="Smolensk operation">Smolensk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cottage" title="Operation Cottage"><i>Cottage</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Battle of the Dnieper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Allied invasion of Italy</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan" title="Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan">Northern Burma and Western Yunnan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changde" title="Battle of Changde">Changde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)" title="Battle of Kiev (1943)">Second Battle of Kiev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarawa" title="Battle of Tarawa">Tarawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makin" title="Battle of Makin">Makin</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Bengal famine of 1943</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1944)" title="Timeline of World War II (1944)">1944</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest"><i>Tempest</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anzio" title="Battle of Anzio">Anzio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Korsun%E2%80%93Cherkassy" title="Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy">Korsun–Cherkassy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ichi-Go" title="Operation Ichi-Go"><i>Ichi-Go</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord"><i>Overlord</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings"><i>Neptune</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Mariana and Palau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration"><i>Bagration</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lvov%E2%80%93Sandomierz_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvov–Sandomierz offensive">Western Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">Second Battle of Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg_Line" title="Battle of Tannenberg Line">Tannenberg Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">Eastern Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon"><i>Dragoon</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Line" title="Gothic Line">Gothic Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden"><i>Market Garden</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_offensive" title="Tallinn offensive">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow" title="Operation Crossbow"><i>Crossbow</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive"><i>Pointblank</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945">Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines (1944–1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Leyte</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Budapest_offensive" title="Budapest offensive">Hungary</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Budapest" title="Siege of Budapest">Budapest</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma (1944–1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Ardennes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bodenplatte" title="Operation Bodenplatte"><i>Bodenplatte</i></a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Dutch famine of 1944–1945">Dutch famine of 1944–1945</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1945%E2%80%931991)" title="Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)">1945</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1945)" title="Battle of Manila (1945)">Battle of Manila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vienna_offensive" title="Vienna offensive">Vienna offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Project_Hula" title="Project Hula">Project Hula</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Western invasion of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Guangxi_campaign" title="Second Guangxi campaign">Second Guangxi campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hunan" title="Battle of West Hunan">West Hunan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spring_1945_offensive_in_Italy" title="Spring 1945 offensive in Italy">Italy (Spring 1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Battle of Berlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prague_offensive" title="Prague offensive">Prague offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">Surrender of Germany</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">document</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Taipei" title="Raid on Taipei">Taipei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II">Naval bombardment of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Debate</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" title="Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shumshu" title="Battle of Shumshu">Shumshu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">document</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="End of World War II in Asia">End of World War II in Asia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_World_War_II" title="Bibliography of World War II">Bibliography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II" title="Category:World War II">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Resistance_during_World_War_II_by_country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lightsteelblue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Resistance_in_World_War_II_by_country" title="Template:Resistance in World War II by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Resistance_in_World_War_II_by_country" title="Template talk:Resistance in World War II by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Resistance_in_World_War_II_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Resistance in World War II by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Resistance_during_World_War_II_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance during World War II</a> by country</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-communist resistance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Baltic States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_partisans" title="Latvian partisans">Latvian partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_partisans" title="Lithuanian partisans">Lithuanian partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">June Uprising in Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_partisans" title="Estonian partisans">Estonian partisans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goryani" title="Goryani">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">Cursed soldiers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-fascist resistance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_resistance_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian resistance during World War II">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_German-occupied_Channel_Islands" title="Resistance in the German-occupied Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a></li> <li>Czechoslovakia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_German-occupied_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistance in German-occupied Czechoslovakia">Bohemia and Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_partisans" title="Slovak partisans">Slovakia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_anti-German_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Resistance">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Romanian resistance movement during World War II">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Belarusian resistance during World War II">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Moldovan resistance during World War II">Moldova</a></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Crimean resistance during World War II">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taganrog_resistance_movement" title="Taganrog resistance movement">Taganrog</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Partisans" title="Croatian Partisans">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Partisans" title="Macedonian Partisans">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Partisans" title="Slovene Partisans">Slovenia</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_resistance_in_German-occupied_Europe" title="Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe">Jewish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Armed_conflicts_involving_Russia_(including_Tsarist,_Imperial_and_Soviet_times)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_conflicts" title="Template:Russian conflicts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_conflicts" title="Template talk:Russian conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Armed_conflicts_involving_Russia_(including_Tsarist,_Imperial_and_Soviet_times)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Armed conflicts involving <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsarist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Imperial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> times)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early modern warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Russia" title="Military history of Russia">Military history of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Military history of the Russian Empire">Military history of the Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military history of the Soviet Union">Military history of the Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Russian_Federation" title="Military history of the Russian Federation">Military history of the Russian Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_conflicts" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Soviet conflicts">Post-Soviet conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces" title="Russian Armed Forces">Russian Armed Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists by opponent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Crimean_Wars" title="Russo-Crimean Wars">Russo-Crimean Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet-Finnish_wars" title="Soviet-Finnish wars">Soviet-Finnish wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Kazan_Wars" title="Russo-Kazan Wars">Russo-Kazan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_Wars" title="Russo-Persian Wars">Russo-Persian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_armed_conflicts_involving_Poland_against_Russia" title="List of armed conflicts involving Poland against Russia">Russo-Polish Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_between_Russia_and_Sweden" title="List of wars between Russia and Sweden">Russo-Swedish wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Russo-Turkish_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Russo-Turkish wars">Russo-Turkish wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_between_Russia_and_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wars between Russia and Ukraine">Russo-Ukrainian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Russian_border_conflicts" title="Sino-Russian border conflicts">Sino-Russian border conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Russia" title="List of wars involving Russia">List of wars involving Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of wars involving the Soviet Union">List of wars involving the Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_involving_the_Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of battles involving the Russian Federation">List of battles involving the Russian Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Internal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Bolotnikov" title="Uprising of Bolotnikov">Uprising of Bolotnikov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razin%27s_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Razin's Rebellion">Razin's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulavin_Rebellion" title="Bulavin Rebellion">Bulavin Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pugachev%27s_Rebellion" title="Pugachev's Rebellion">Pugachev's Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decembrist_revolt" title="Decembrist revolt">Decembrist revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Uprising" title="August Uprising">August Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt" title="1991 Soviet coup attempt">Coup attempt (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis" title="1993 Russian constitutional crisis">1993 Russian constitutional crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Dagestan" class="mw-redirect" title="War of Dagestan">War of Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Chechen_War" title="Second Chechen War">Second Chechen War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus" title="Insurgency in the North Caucasus">Insurgency in the North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion" title="Wagner Group rebellion">Wagner Group rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tsardom of<br />Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Crimean_Wars" title="Russo-Crimean Wars">Russo-Crimean Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Kazan_Wars" title="Russo-Kazan Wars">Russo-Kazan Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1554%E2%80%931557)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)">Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Siberia" title="Russian conquest of Siberia">Russian Conquest of Siberia (1580–1747)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1568%E2%80%931570)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)">Russo-Turkish War (1568–1570)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1590%E2%80%931595)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)">Russo-Swedish War (1590–1595)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1605%E2%80%931618)" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)">Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Time_of_Troubles" title="Time of Troubles">Time of Troubles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrian_War" title="Ingrian War">Ingrian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_War" title="Smolensk War">Smolensk War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1651%E2%80%931653)" title="Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)">Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Russian_border_conflicts" title="Sino-Russian border conflicts">Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652–1689)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">Deluge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Northern_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Northern War">Second Northern War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1676%E2%80%931681)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)">Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1686%E2%80%931700)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)">Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th–19th<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1710%E2%80%931711)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711)">Russo-Turkish War (1710–1711)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1722%E2%80%931723)" title="Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)">Russo-Persian War (1722–1723)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish Succession</a> (1733–1738)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Russian%E2%80%93Turkish_War_(1735%E2%80%931739)" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739)">Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–1739)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Austrian_Succession" title="War of the Austrian Succession">War of the Austrian Succession</a> (1740–1748)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1741%E2%80%931743)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)">Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1768%E2%80%931774)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)">Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Confederation" title="Bar Confederation">Bar Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1787%E2%80%931792)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)">Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Swedish_War_(1788%E2%80%931790)" title="Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)">Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Russian_War_of_1792" title="Polish–Russian War of 1792">Russo-Polish War (1792)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_colonization_of_North_America" title="Russian colonization of North America">Russian colonization of North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">Kościuszko Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Expedition_of_1796" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Expedition of 1796">Russo-Persian War (1796)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Second_Coalition" title="War of the Second Coalition">War of the Second Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Third_Coalition" title="War of the Third Coalition">War of the Third Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1804%E2%80%931813)" title="Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)">Russo-Persian War (1804–1813)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">War of the Fourth Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1806%E2%80%931812)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)">Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Russian_War_(1807%E2%80%931812)" title="Anglo-Russian War (1807–1812)">Anglo-Russian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_War" title="Finnish War">Finnish War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">War of the Fifth Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">War of the Sixth Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Seventh_Coalition" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Seventh Coalition">War of the Seventh Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_the_Caucasus" title="Russian conquest of the Caucasus">Russian conquest of the Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_War" title="Caucasian War">Caucasian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Circassian_War" title="Russo-Circassian War">Russo-Circassian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murid_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Murid War">Murid War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Persian_War_(1826%E2%80%931828)" title="Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)">Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1828%E2%80%931829)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)">Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_War" title="Åland War">Åland War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amur_Annexation" title="Amur Annexation">Amur Annexation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">January Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Central_Asia" title="Russian conquest of Central Asia">Russian conquest of Central Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_conquest_of_Bukhara" title="Russian conquest of Bukhara">Russian conquest of Bukhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khivan_campaign_of_1873" title="Khivan campaign of 1873">Khivan campaign of 1873</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Turkish_War_(1877%E2%80%931878)" title="Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)">Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Russian invasion of Manchuria">Russian invasion of Manchuria</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th<br />century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Tabriz" title="Russian occupation of Tabriz">Russian occupation of Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Ukrainian–Soviet War">Ukrainian–Soviet War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1919_Soviet_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine">1919 Soviet invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alash_Autonomy" title="Alash Autonomy">Kazakhstan Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sochi_conflict" title="Sochi conflict">Sochi conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimosodat" title="Heimosodat">Heimosodat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_westward_offensive_of_1918%E2%80%931919" title="Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919">Soviet westward offensive of 1918–1919</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">Latvian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Lithuanian–Soviet War">Lithuanian–Soviet War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian%E2%80%93Ossetian_conflict_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)">Georgian–Ossetian conflict (1918–1920)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Azerbaijan" title="Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan">Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Armenia" title="Red Army invasion of Armenia">Red Army invasion of Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Red Army invasion of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_intervention_in_Mongolia" title="Soviet intervention in Mongolia">Red Army intervention in Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Karelian_uprising" title="East Karelian uprising">East Karelian uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmachi_movement" title="Basmachi movement">Central Asian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Uprising" title="August Uprising">August Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urtatagai_conflict_(1925%E2%80%931926)" title="Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926)">Urtatagai conflict (1925–1926)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_conflict_(1929)" title="Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)">Sino-Soviet conflict (1929)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_intervention_in_Afghanistan_(1929)" title="Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)">Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1929)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Army_intervention_in_Afghanistan_(1930)" title="Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)">Red Army intervention in Afghanistan (1930)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chechen_uprising_of_1932&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chechen uprising of 1932 (page does not exist)">Chechen uprising of 1932</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_1932_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Восстание в Чечне 1932 года">ru</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts">Soviet–Japanese border conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Xinjiang" title="Soviet invasion of Xinjiang">Soviet invasion of Xinjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_rebellion_in_Xinjiang_(1937)" title="Islamic rebellion in Xinjiang (1937)">Xinjiang War (1937)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Poland" title="Soviet invasion of Poland">Soviet invasion of Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1940)" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)">Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Latvia_in_1940" title="Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940">Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Continuation War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front (World War II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_re-occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1944)" title="Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)">Soviet re-occupation of the Baltic states (1944)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_re-occupation_of_Latvia_in_1944" title="Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944">Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Soviet–Japanese War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war in the Baltic states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army#Soviet_Union" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Guerrilla war in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Rebellion" title="Ili Rebellion">Ili Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_German_uprising_of_1953" title="East German uprising of 1953">East German uprising of 1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1956" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1956">Hungarian Revolution of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlora_incident" title="Vlora incident">Vlora incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_border_conflict" title="Sino-Soviet border conflict">Sino-Soviet border conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_War_of_Independence" title="Eritrean War of Independence">Eritrean War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angolan_Civil_War" title="Angolan Civil War">Angolan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogaden_War" title="Ogaden War">Ogaden War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_African_Border_War" title="South African Border War">South African Border War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet%E2%80%93Afghan_War" title="Soviet–Afghan War">Soviet–Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_OMON_assaults_on_Lithuanian_border_posts" title="Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts">Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War" title="First Nagorno-Karabakh War">First Nagorno-Karabakh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992%E2%80%931993)" title="War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)">War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia_war_(1991%E2%80%931992)" title="South Ossetia war (1991–1992)">South Ossetia war (1991–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria_War" title="Transnistria War">Transnistria War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Civil_War" title="Georgian Civil War">Georgian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistani_Civil_War" 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