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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_version,_1943" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_version,_1943"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Second version, 1943</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_version,_1943-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_publications_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_publications_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Later publications and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_publications_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Critical analysis</span> 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C4%B1r%C4%B1q_qulaq" title="Qırıq qulaq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qırıq qulaq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="কানভাঙা মূর্তি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কানভাঙা মূর্তি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27orella_escap%C3%A7ada" title="L'orella escapçada – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="L'orella escapçada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulomen%C3%A9_ucho" title="Ulomené ucho – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ulomené ucho" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Glust_Glec" title="Y Glust Glec – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Glust Glec" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_knuste_%C3%B8re" title="Det knuste øre – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Det knuste øre" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Arumbaya-Fetisch" title="Der Arumbaya-Fetisch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Der Arumbaya-Fetisch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_oreja_rota" title="La oreja rota – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="La oreja rota" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarri_Hautsia" title="Belarri Hautsia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Belarri Hautsia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87" title="گوش شکسته – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوش شکسته" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Oreille_cass%C3%A9e" title="L'Oreille cassée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="L'Oreille cassée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_orella_rota" title="A orella rota – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="A orella rota" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si_Kuping_Belah" title="Si Kuping Belah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Si Kuping Belah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skur%C3%B0go%C3%B0i%C3%B0_me%C3%B0_skar%C3%B0_%C3%AD_eyra" title="Skurðgoðið með skarð í eyra – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skurðgoðið með skarð í eyra" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27orecchio_spezzato" title="L'orecchio spezzato – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="L'orecchio spezzato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%96%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94" title="האוזן השבורה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האוזן השבורה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A7%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="მოტეხილი ყური – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოტეხილი ყური" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Het_gebroken_oor" title="Het gebroken oor – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Het gebroken oor" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%8B%E3%81%91%E3%81%9F%E8%80%B3" title="かけた耳 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="かけた耳" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%99kni%C4%99te_ucho" title="Pęknięte ucho – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pęknięte ucho" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27oreille_cass%C3%A9e" title="L'oreille cassée – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="L'oreille cassée" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE" title="Сломанное ухо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сломанное ухо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4rkynyt_korva" title="Särkynyt korva – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Särkynyt korva" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_s%C3%B6nderslagna_%C3%B6rat" title="Det sönderslagna örat – Swedish" lang="sv" 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Comic album by Belgian cartoonist Hergé</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#a2c7ff;padding:0.2em;"><i>The Broken Ear</i> <br />(<i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">L'Oreille cassée</i></span></i>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Adventures_of_Tintin_-_06_-_The_Broken_Ear.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tintin and Snowy and their guide are rowing a canoe on a jungle river." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d0/The_Adventures_of_Tintin_-_06_-_The_Broken_Ear.jpg/220px-The_Adventures_of_Tintin_-_06_-_The_Broken_Ear.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d0/The_Adventures_of_Tintin_-_06_-_The_Broken_Ear.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="363" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cover of the English edition</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>1937 (black and white)</li> <li>1943 (colour)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Series</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tintin" title="The Adventures of Tintin">The Adventures of Tintin</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Casterman" title="Casterman">Casterman</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#a2c7ff;">Creative team</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Creator</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Herg%C3%A9" title="Hergé">Hergé</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#a2c7ff;">Original publication</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Published in</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Le_Petit_Vingti%C3%A8me" title="Le Petit Vingtième">Le Petit Vingtième</a></i></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Date of publication</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">5 December 1935 – 25 February 1937</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">French</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#a2c7ff;">Translation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Methuen_Publishing" title="Methuen Publishing">Methuen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1975</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Translator</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper</li> <li>Michael Turner</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#a2c7ff;">Chronology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Lotus" title="The Blue Lotus">The Blue Lotus</a></i> (1936)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Followed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Island" title="The Black Island">The Black Island</a></i> (1938)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Broken Ear</b></i> (French: <i lang="fr"><b>L'Oreille cassée</b></i>, originally published in English as <i><b>Tintin and the Broken Ear</b></i>) is the sixth volume of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tintin" title="The Adventures of Tintin">The Adventures of Tintin</a></i>, the comics series by the Belgian cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Herg%C3%A9" title="Hergé">Hergé</a>. Commissioned by the conservative Belgian newspaper <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Le_Vingti%C3%A8me_Si%C3%A8cle" title="Le Vingtième Siècle">Le Vingtième Siècle</a></i></span> for its children's supplement <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Le_Petit_Vingti%C3%A8me" title="Le Petit Vingtième">Le Petit Vingtième</a></i></span>, it was serialised weekly from December 1935 to February 1937. The story tells of young Belgian reporter <a href="/wiki/Tintin_(character)" title="Tintin (character)">Tintin</a> and his dog <a href="/wiki/Snowy_(character)" title="Snowy (character)">Snowy</a>, as he searches for a stolen South American <a href="/wiki/Fetishism" title="Fetishism">fetish</a>, identifiable by its broken right ear, and deals with other thieves who are after it. In doing so, he ends up in the fictional nation of <a href="/wiki/San_Theodoros" class="mw-redirect" title="San Theodoros">San Theodoros</a>, where he becomes embroiled in a war and discovers the <a href="/wiki/Arumbaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Arumbaya">Arumbaya</a> tribe deep in the forest. </p><p><i>The Broken Ear</i> was a commercial success and was published in book form shortly after its conclusion. Hergé continued <i>The Adventures of Tintin</i> with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Island" title="The Black Island">The Black Island</a></i>, while the series itself became a defining part of the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Belgian_comics" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Belgian comics">Franco-Belgian comics tradition</a>. In 1943, <i>The Broken Ear</i> was coloured and reformatted for republication by <a href="/wiki/Casterman" title="Casterman">Casterman</a>. Commentators have praised the book for showcasing Hergé's then-newfound commitment to a clear narrative structure and strives for historical and technical accuracy, but believe that its use of humour comparable to earlier <i>Adventures</i> renders it inferior to the previous volume, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Lotus" title="The Blue Lotus">The Blue Lotus</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <i>The Broken Ear</i> introduces the recurring character <a href="/wiki/General_Alcazar" class="mw-redirect" title="General Alcazar">General Alcazar</a>, and was the first to include fictional countries. The story was adapted for both the 1956 <a href="/wiki/Belvision" class="mw-redirect" title="Belvision">Belvision</a> animation, <i><a href="/wiki/Herg%C3%A9%27s_Adventures_of_Tintin" title="Hergé's Adventures of Tintin">Hergé's Adventures of Tintin</a></i>, and for the 1991 <a href="/wiki/Ellipse_Programm%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellipse Programmé">Ellipse</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nelvana" title="Nelvana">Nelvana</a> animated series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tintin_(TV_series)" title="The Adventures of Tintin (TV series)">The Adventures of Tintin</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synopsis">Synopsis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Broken_Ear&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Synopsis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Fetishism" title="Fetishism">fetish</a> created by the <a href="/wiki/Arumbaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Arumbaya">Arumbaya</a> tribe of <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> is stolen from Brussels' Museum of <a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">Ethnography</a>, only to be returned the following day. Tintin realizes that the replacement is a fake, and draws a connection with a local sculptor, Jacob Balthazar, who has just been murdered. Balthazar's parrot – the only witness to the murder – is obtained by two Hispanic men, Alonso and Ramón, who try to kill Tintin when he begins to investigate their connection to the crime.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHergé19751–12_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHergé19751–12-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the parrot, Alonso and Ramón discover Balthazar's murderer is Rodrigo Tortilla, and they proceed to follow him aboard a ship bound for South America. There, they murder Tortilla, but find that he did not have the original fetish. Tintin, however, follows them, and arranges their arrest when the ship docks at Los Dopicos, capital of <a href="/wiki/San_Theodoros" class="mw-redirect" title="San Theodoros">San Theodoros</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHergé197512–17_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHergé197512–17-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the corrupt colonel in charge of the arrest allows the antagonists to slip away, and detains Tintin. </p><p>In the city, Tintin is framed as a terrorist, arrested, and sentenced to death by firing squad. Tintin survives when a revolution topples the government, and the new leader, General Alcazar, appoints Tintin to be his aide-de-camp. Alonso and Ramón capture Tintin, and interrogate him in the hope of locating the missing fetish, but they only end up briefly put behind bars by him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHergé197518–30_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHergé197518–30-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As aide-de-camp, Tintin opposes the proposed decision of San Theodoros claiming the supposedly oil rich Gran Chapo, as this would cause a war between San Theodoros and neighboring Nuevo Rico, and he is framed as a traitor by warmongering oil and weapon companies. Nevertheless, Tintin's new friend <a href="/wiki/Pablo_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pablo (comics)">Pablo</a> frees him from imprisonment, allowing for Tintin to flee to Nuevo Rico.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHergé197531–45_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHergé197531–45-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in the process, he inadvertently causes events that have Nuevo Rico start a war between it and San Theodoros. </p><p>Once within Nuevo Rico, Tintin decides to enter the forest and find the Arumbaya tribe, hoping they can explain to him why people wish to steal the fetish. Finding a British explorer, Ridgewell, living among the Arumbaya, Tintin learns that a diamond was hidden inside the statue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHergé197546–55_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHergé197546–55-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the check-in counter, Tintin and Snowy were due to leave South America for Europe but missed the ferry crossing as they had to wait for another week. As the war between San Theodoros and Nuevo Rico ends when Gran Chapo is discovered to have no oil, Tintin returns to Belgium after a brief encounter with Alonso and Ramón. There, Tintin discovers Balthazar's brother has been producing a range of exact replicas of the fetish, which he had discovered among his deceased brother's belongings. Tintin learns it was purchased from him by Samuel Goldbarr, a wealthy American now returning to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> with it by ship. Catching up to the boat, Tintin finds Alonso and Ramón aboard. His struggle with them for the possession of the fetish results in it smashing on the floor, and the diamond hidden in it rolling overboard into the sea. Alonso and Ramón try to kill Tintin for making them lose it, and the three of them accidentally fall overboard as well. Tintin is rescued, but Alonso and Ramón drown. Goldbarr allows Tintin to return the stolen fetish to the museum, where it is repaired and put back on display, albeit comically damaged.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHergé197556–62_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHergé197556–62-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Broken_Ear&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background_and_research">Background and research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Broken_Ear&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Background and research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Georges Remi—best known under the pen name <a href="/wiki/Herg%C3%A9" title="Hergé">Hergé</a>—was employed as editor and illustrator of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Le_Petit_Vingti%C3%A8me" title="Le Petit Vingtième">Le Petit Vingtième</a></i></span> ("<i>The Little Twentieth</i>"),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeeters198931–32Thompson199124–25_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeeters198931–32Thompson199124–25-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a children's supplement to <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Le_Vingti%C3%A8me_Si%C3%A8cle" title="Le Vingtième Siècle">Le Vingtième Siècle</a></i></span> ("<i>The Twentieth Century</i>"), a staunchly Roman Catholic, <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">conservative</a> Belgian newspaper based in Hergé's native Brussels which was run by the <i><a href="/wiki/Abb%C3%A9" title="Abbé">Abbé</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Norbert_Wallez" title="Norbert Wallez">Norbert Wallez</a>. In 1929, Hergé began <i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tintin" title="The Adventures of Tintin">The Adventures of Tintin</a></i> comic strip for <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Le Petit Vingtième</i></span>, revolving around the exploits of fictional Belgian reporter <a href="/wiki/Tintin_(character)" title="Tintin (character)">Tintin</a>. Wallez ordered Hergé to set his first adventure in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> as <a href="/wiki/Anti-socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-socialism">anti-socialist</a> propaganda for children (<i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_in_the_Land_of_the_Soviets" title="Tintin in the Land of the Soviets">Tintin in the Land of the Soviets</a></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssouline200922–23Peeters201234–37_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAssouline200922–23Peeters201234–37-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to set his second adventure in the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo" title="Belgian Congo">Belgian Congo</a> to encourage colonial sentiment (<i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_in_the_Congo" title="Tintin in the Congo">Tintin in the Congo</a></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssouline200926–29Peeters201245–47_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAssouline200926–29Peeters201245–47-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to set his third adventure in the United States to use the story as a denunciation of American capitalism (<i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_in_America" title="Tintin in America">Tintin in America</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199146_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199146-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wallez was subsequently removed from the paper's editorship following a scandal, although Hergé was convinced to stay on the condition of a salary increase.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssouline200940–41Peeters201267–68_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAssouline200940–41Peeters201267–68-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In preparing <i>The Broken Ear</i>, Hergé developed the new habit of keeping plot notes and ideas in a notebook.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeeters201284_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeeters201284-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also began making cuttings of photographs and other images from magazines and newspapers, filing them away for future use; he used them as a basis for many of the drawings in <i>The Broken Ear</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200164_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200164-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paraguayos_en_alihuat%C3%A1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Paraguayos_en_alihuat%C3%A1.jpg/250px-Paraguayos_en_alihuat%C3%A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Paraguayos_en_alihuat%C3%A1.jpg/375px-Paraguayos_en_alihuat%C3%A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Paraguayos_en_alihuat%C3%A1.jpg/500px-Paraguayos_en_alihuat%C3%A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption>Paraguayan troops in Alihuatá, 1932, during the Chaco War</figcaption></figure> <p>Hergé used <i>The Broken Ear</i> to allude to real events that had recently taken place in South America. The fictional countries of San Theodoros and Nuevo Rico were based on the real countries Bolivia and Paraguay, while the Gran Chapo War depicted in the strip was an allusion to the <a href="/wiki/Chaco_War" title="Chaco War">Chaco War</a> (1932–35) that was waged between Bolivian and Paraguayan forces over lucrative oil fields in the Gran Chaco region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199168–69Farr200162LofficierLofficier200238_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199168–69Farr200162LofficierLofficier200238-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "Gran Chapo" was a pun on the French <i>grand chapeau</i>, meaning "big hat", while the name Nuevo Rico was a pun on <i><a href="/wiki/Nouveau_riche" title="Nouveau riche">nouveau riche</a></i> and the name of the Nuevo Rican capital city, Sanfación, was a pun on <i>sans façon</i>, meaning "without manners".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200162_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200162-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hergé's character <a href="/wiki/Basil_Bazarov" class="mw-redirect" title="Basil Bazarov">Basil Bazarov</a>, of the Vicking Arms Company Ltd (Basil Mazaroff in the 1937 edition), was a thinly veiled allusion to the real-life Greek weapons seller <a href="/wiki/Basil_Zaharoff" title="Basil Zaharoff">Basil Zaharoff</a> of <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Armstrong" class="mw-redirect" title="Vickers Armstrong">Vickers Armstrong</a>, who profited from the conflict by supplying arms to both Paraguay and Bolivia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199169Farr200162LofficierLofficier200238_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199169Farr200162LofficierLofficier200238-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hergé had learned about the conflict and the western corporations profiting from it through two issues of anti-conformist French magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Crapouillot" title="Le Crapouillot">Le Crapouillot</a></i> (<i>The Mortar Shell</i>), which covered news stories ignored by the mainstream media.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssouline200957_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAssouline200957-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also likely that he had read Richard Lewinsohn's 1930 book <i>Zaharoff, l'Européen mystérieux</i> (<i>Zaharoff, the Mysterious European</i>), which had been referenced in <i>Le Crapouillot</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200162_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200162-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hergé's Arumbaya fetish was based on the design of a genuine Peruvian statue in Brussels' <a href="/wiki/Royal_Museums_of_Art_and_History" title="Royal Museums of Art and History">Royal Museums of Art and History</a>; a pre-Columbian <a href="/wiki/Chim%C3%BA_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimú culture">Chimu</a> statue, it was made of wood and dated to between 1200 and 1438 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199170Farr200167LofficierLofficier200238_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199170Farr200167LofficierLofficier200238-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whereas Hergé had access to speakers of Mandarin when creating <i>The Blue Lotus</i>, he had no access to speakers of indigenous Amerindian languages, and as such, the Arumbaya language that he developed was entirely fictitious.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199170_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199170-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He based its structure largely on the <a href="/wiki/Marols" class="mw-redirect" title="Marols">Brusseleir dialect</a> spoken in the <a href="/wiki/Marollen" title="Marollen">Marolles</a> area of Brussels, mixed with Spanish endings and constructions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200164_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200164-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In developing the Arumbaya's rivals, the Bibaros, he was influenced by anthropological accounts of <a href="/wiki/Shrunken_heads" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrunken heads">head shrinking</a> among the <a href="/wiki/Jivaroan_peoples" title="Jivaroan peoples">Jibaros</a> tribes; when Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner translated the book into English, they renamed the Bibaros as the Rumbabas, a pun on the <a href="/wiki/Rum_baba" title="Rum baba">rum baba</a> pudding.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200164_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200164-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The explorer Ridgewell, found living among the Arumbayas is based upon the British explorer Colonel <a href="/wiki/Percy_Harrison_Fawcett" class="mw-redirect" title="Percy Harrison Fawcett">Percy Harrison Fawcett</a>, who mysteriously disappeared into the Amazon jungle in 1925. In crafting the story, Hergé was possibly influenced by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Maltese_Falcon_(novel)" title="The Maltese Falcon (novel)">The Maltese Falcon</a></i>, as there are similarities in their plots.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199169LofficierLofficier200238_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199169LofficierLofficier200238-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Original_publication">Original publication</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Broken_Ear&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Original publication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Broken_Ear_in_Petit_Vingtieme.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/The_Broken_Ear_in_Petit_Vingtieme.jpg/150px-The_Broken_Ear_in_Petit_Vingtieme.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/3d/The_Broken_Ear_in_Petit_Vingtieme.jpg/225px-The_Broken_Ear_in_Petit_Vingtieme.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3d/The_Broken_Ear_in_Petit_Vingtieme.jpg 2x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption>A scene from <i>The Broken Ear</i> on the cover of <i>Le Petit Vingtième</i></figcaption></figure> <p><i>The Broken Ear</i> was first serialised in <i>Le Petit Vingtième</i> from December 1935 under the title <i>Les Nouvelles Aventures de Tintin et Milou</i> (<i>The New Adventures of Tintin and Snowy</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200237_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200237-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 7 February 1937, the story was also serialised in the French Catholic newspaper, <i><a href="/wiki/C%C5%93urs_Vaillants" title="Cœurs Vaillants">Cœurs Vaillants</a></i> under the name <i>Tintin et Milou chez les Arumbayas</i> (<i>Tintin and Snowy among the Arumbayas</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200237_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200237-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1937, it was collected in a single hardcover volume and published by Éditions Casterman under the title <i>L'Oreille cassée</i> (<i>The Broken Ear</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200237_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200237-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this collected edition, one small change was made; the minor character of Carajo was renamed Caraco, because the word <i>carajo</i> is Spanish slang for <a href="/wiki/Penis" title="Penis">penis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoddin200815_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddin200815-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to the fact Hergé had been unaware of its actual definition during the publication. </p><p><i>The Broken Ear</i> introduced the character General Alcazar to the series, who went on to become a recurring character who appeared in three further <i>Adventures</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199171–72LofficierLofficier200238_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199171–72LofficierLofficier200238-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As noted by Hergé biographer <a href="/wiki/Harry_Thompson" title="Harry Thompson">Harry Thompson</a>, <i>The Broken Ear</i> is the first story in the <i>Tintin</i> series to "start and finish in home surroundings"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199172_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199172-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the first to deal with the pursuit of a <a href="/wiki/MacGuffin" title="MacGuffin">MacGuffin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199172_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199172-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also marks the last story in which Tintin is seen taking part in journalistic activity<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200161_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200161-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the first time that the <i>Adventures</i> featured Tintin's flat at 26 Labrador Road, in which Chinese mementos from <i>The Blue Lotus</i> are visible.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200161Peeters201282_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200161Peeters201282-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Influenced by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cameo_appearances_by_Alfred_Hitchcock" title="List of cameo appearances by Alfred Hitchcock">his frequent cameo appearances in his own films</a>, Hergé inserted an illustration of himself into the second frame.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssouline200957_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAssouline200957-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also made reference to contemporary news stories in the book, having a radio announcer discuss the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a> at the start of the story; this was removed in the colour edition.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200161_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200161-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of the story, Hergé killed off Ramón and Alonso and depicted them being dragged to Hell by devils; this would mark the last depiction of the death(s) of a villain in the series until <a href="/wiki/Colonel_Jorgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel Jorgen">Colonel Boris Jorgen</a>'s death in <i><a href="/wiki/Explorers_on_the_Moon" title="Explorers on the Moon">Explorers on the Moon</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199172_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199172-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This upset the editors of <i>Cœurs Vaillants</i>, who asked Hergé to change the scene; annoyed at their request, he later commented: "On the surface it cost me nothing, but that kind of addition was really difficult for me".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199172Peeters201286_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199172Peeters201286-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For their serialisation of the story, he replaced that particular frame with one in which Tintin vouchsafed the souls of Ramón and Alonso for <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoddin200827_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddin200827-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_version,_1943"><span id="Second_version.2C_1943"></span>Second version, 1943</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Broken_Ear&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Second version, 1943"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1940s and 1950s, when Hergé's popularity had increased, he and his team at <a href="/wiki/Studios_Herg%C3%A9" title="Studios Hergé">Studios Hergé</a> redrew and coloured many of the original black-and-white Tintin adventures using the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ligne_claire" title="Ligne claire">ligne claire</a></i></span> ("clear line")<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> drawing style he had developed so that they visually fitted in with the new Tintin stories being created. <i>The Broken Ear</i> was the first of these early <i>Adventures</i> to undergo the reformatting and colouration,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200168–69_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200168–69-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this second edition was published as a 62-page volume by Casterman in 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200237_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200237-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike some of the earlier adventures, <i>The Broken Ear</i> was not redrawn, save for a few minor revisions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200168–69_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200168–69-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To reduce the length of the book, various sections were excised, including a dream sequence that appeared in the original.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200239_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200239-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the colouration process was new to the series, the use of colour in <i>The Broken Ear</i> is more basic than in later volumes; as the book progresses, it is evident that Hergé lost interest and rushed the task, for instance, resorting to using block colour backgrounds without any detail.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199171Farr200164_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199171Farr200164-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_publications_and_legacy">Later publications and legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Broken_Ear&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later publications and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Casterman republished the original black-and-white version in 1979 in a French-language collected volume with <i>Cigars of the Pharaoh</i> and <i>The Blue Lotus</i>, the second part of the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Archives Hergé</i></span> collection.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200237_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200237-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1986, Casterman published a facsimile version of the original.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200237_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200237-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hergé returned to creating fictional nations as allusions to real countries in subsequent <i>Adventures</i>, such as Syldavia and Borduria (based largely on Yugoslavia and Nazi Germany) in <i><a href="/wiki/King_Ottokar%27s_Sceptre" title="King Ottokar's Sceptre">King Ottokar's Sceptre</a></i> and Sondonesia (based on Indonesia) in <i><a href="/wiki/Flight_714_to_Sydney" title="Flight 714 to Sydney">Flight 714 to Sydney</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199168_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199168-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also re-used other elements pioneered in <i>The Broken Ear</i> in his later <i>Adventures</i>: a parrot in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Castafiore_Emerald" title="The Castafiore Emerald">The Castafiore Emerald</a></i>, a ravine crash in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Calculus_Affair" title="The Calculus Affair">The Calculus Affair</a></i>, a fireball and vivid dream in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Crystal_Balls" title="The Seven Crystal Balls">The Seven Crystal Balls</a></i>, and a firing squad in <i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_and_the_Picaros" title="Tintin and the Picaros">Tintin and the Picaros</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199171_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199171-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tintin returned to San Theodores in <i>Tintin and the Picaros</i>, in which the characters Pablo and Ridgewell also made a reappearance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200167_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200167-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1979, the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Fine_Arts" title="Palace of Fine Arts">Palace of Fine Arts</a> in Brussels held an exhibition marking fifty years of <i>The Adventures of Tintin</i>. As part of this, they included artefacts that featured in the series, with the broken-eared Peruvian statue that inspired Hergé's Arumbaya fetish as the centre piece of the show; however, they feared that it might be stolen, so a replica was exhibited rather than the genuine article. Imitating the events of <i>The Broken Ear</i>, a thief broke in and stole the statue. A letter was then sent to <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Soir" title="Le Soir">Le Soir</a></i> in which an individual alleging to be the thief stated that the item would be returned if Hergé returned to the scene of the crime at a certain time with a copy of the book under his right arm. Hergé did so, but carried the book under his left arm; the thief never appeared, and the replica fetish was never recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199172–73LofficierLofficier200238_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199172–73LofficierLofficier200238-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_analysis">Critical analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Broken_Ear&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Critical analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cultures_pr%C3%A9colombiennes_MRAH_Chimu_Herg%C3%A9_02_10_2011_B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cultures_pr%C3%A9colombiennes_MRAH_Chimu_Herg%C3%A9_02_10_2011_B.jpg/150px-Cultures_pr%C3%A9colombiennes_MRAH_Chimu_Herg%C3%A9_02_10_2011_B.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cultures_pr%C3%A9colombiennes_MRAH_Chimu_Herg%C3%A9_02_10_2011_B.jpg/225px-Cultures_pr%C3%A9colombiennes_MRAH_Chimu_Herg%C3%A9_02_10_2011_B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Cultures_pr%C3%A9colombiennes_MRAH_Chimu_Herg%C3%A9_02_10_2011_B.jpg/300px-Cultures_pr%C3%A9colombiennes_MRAH_Chimu_Herg%C3%A9_02_10_2011_B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1356" data-file-height="2654" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Chim%C3%BA_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimú culture">Chimú</a> statuette from the <a href="/wiki/Cinquantenaire_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinquantenaire Museum">Cinquantenaire Museum</a> which was copied into the adventure by Hergé.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Lofficier" title="Jean-Marc Lofficier">Jean-Marc and Randy Lofficier</a> described <i>The Broken Ear</i> as "a <i>Blue Lotus</i>-lite", noting that it shared many elements with the previous <i>Adventure</i>, although they also considered it to be "more reminiscent of the earlier, more caricatured books" like <i>Tintin in the Congo</i> and <i>Tintin in America</i> with the inclusion of comical natives and absurdist elements like "comical bombs".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200239_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200239-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They nevertheless thought that it exhibited a "marked improvement" in Hergé's use of plotting, noting that the story was clearly structured, praising the "very effective, dramatic story, with plenty of twists".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200239_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200239-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, they awarded <i>The Broken Ear</i> two stars out of five.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200239_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200239-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Thompson" title="Harry Thompson">Harry Thompson</a> felt that <i>The Broken Ear</i> had a "slightly lacklustre quality" to it,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199170_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199170-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was "disappointing" due to the fact that the "various elements don't gel well together".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199169_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199169-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He believed that the artistic quality and the use of research deteriorated as the <i>Adventure</i> progressed,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199170_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199170-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it had "the most complex plot yet, by a long way".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199169_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199169-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Philippe Goddin asserted that in the story, Tintin develops from a "classic reporter to an investigative journalist."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoddin2008176_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddin2008176-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Michael_Farr" title="Michael Farr">Michael Farr</a> described <i>The Broken Ear</i> as a "moral condemnation of capitalism, imperialism and war", although felt that it was "not as perfectly constructed" as <i>The Blue Lotus</i>, being "less detailed and realistic".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200168_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200168-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He thought that the image in which Ramón and Alonso drown in the sea and are dragged to Hell by demons was "truly medieval" and represented the "most fanciful image" in the entire series.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200167–68_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200167–68-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also opined that Hergé's depiction of South American militaries was "full of humour" and that the detail was "generally very accurate".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200162_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200162-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biographer <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Peeters" title="Benoît Peeters">Benoît Peeters</a> thought that <i>The Broken Ear</i> was a return to "pure adventure" from the "quasi-documentary realism" of <i>The Blue Lotus</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeeters198951_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeeters198951-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that in this <i>Adventure</i>, politics remains "in the second line", and that instead Hergé let "the narrative rip and succeeds marvellously".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeeters198953_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeeters198953-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elsewhere, he praised the work as having a "formidable dynamism" and an "unequaled vitality", containing a "revolution" in narrative structure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeeters201282_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeeters201282-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He thought that it served as a "perfect metaphor" for the theories of German philosopher <a href="/wiki/Walter_Benjamin" title="Walter Benjamin">Walter Benjamin</a> published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Work_of_Art_in_the_Age_of_Mechanical_Reproduction" title="The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction">The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction</a></i> (1936), which Hergé had not read.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeeters201283_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeeters201283-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Literary critic <a href="/wiki/Tom_McCarthy_(novelist)" title="Tom McCarthy (novelist)">Tom McCarthy</a> thought that Balthazar was an example of the interesting minor characters that imbue the <i>Adventures</i>, commenting that his "down-at-heel garret speaks volumes of loneliness and semi-realised artistry".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCarthy20068_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCarthy20068-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also opined that the diamond within the fetish was the <a href="/wiki/Clitoris" title="Clitoris">clitoris</a> of the Arumbaya, describing it as "their pleasure, wrapped up in a fetish".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCarthy2006111_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCarthy2006111-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also thought that there was a homosexual subtext between Ramón and Alonso, believing that the scene in which a bullet was fired into Ramón's buttocks was symbolic of <a href="/wiki/Anal_sex" title="Anal sex">anal sex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCarthy2006108_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCarthy2006108-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Writing in <i><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Libération">Libération</a></i>, the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Michel_Serres" title="Michel Serres">Michel Serres</a> opined that <i>The Broken Ear</i> was "a treatise on fetishism".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEApostolidès201079_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEApostolidès201079-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Literary critic <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Apostolid%C3%A8s" title="Jean-Marie Apostolidès">Jean-Marie Apostolidès</a> of <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> believed that <i>The Broken Ear</i> established a "tintinian" anthropology that would remain throughout the rest of the series. As part of this, Apostolidès argued, Hergé distances himself from western values and looks at his own society as an outsider, accomplishing what <a href="/wiki/Roger_Caillois" title="Roger Caillois">Roger Caillois</a> called "sociological revolution".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEApostolidès201079_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEApostolidès201079-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He felt that the comic was "more contrived" and "more superficial" than the previous <i>Adventures</i>, and that here Tintin loses his position as "the sole point of identification" for the reader, with the other characters becoming more identifiable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEApostolidès201079_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEApostolidès201079-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Opining that there was a constant theme of twos throughout the story (i.e. the real and the fake fetish, Alonso and Ramón), he thought that the character of Ridgewell was "a kind of Tintin, grown old among the natives, solitary and ill humored", noting that Ridgewell's position among the Arumbayas was akin to Tintin's position among the Ba Baorom in <i>Congo</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEApostolidès201082–83_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEApostolidès201082–83-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apostolidès also argued that in the comic, Alcazar was a religious figure, who attained a "sacred" quality through the spilling of blood in his revolt against General Tapioca's government. As part of this, he argued that the threats of assassination would make him a martyr, or a "holy king".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEApostolidès201086_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEApostolidès201086-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Broken_Ear&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Broken Ear</i> is one of <i>The Adventures of Tintin</i> that were adapted for the first series of the animated <i><a href="/wiki/Herg%C3%A9%27s_Adventures_of_Tintin" title="Hergé's Adventures of Tintin">Hergé's Adventures of Tintin</a></i> by the Belgian studio <a href="/wiki/Belvision" class="mw-redirect" title="Belvision">Belvision</a> in 1957, directed by Ray Goossens and written by <a href="/wiki/Michel_Greg" class="mw-redirect" title="Michel Greg">Michel Greg</a>. <i>The Broken Ear</i> was divided up into six 5-minute black-and-white episodes that diverted from Hergé's original plot in a variety of ways.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200287_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200287-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was also adapted into a 1991 episode of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tintin_(TV_series)" title="The Adventures of Tintin (TV series)">The Adventures of Tintin</a></i> television series by French studio <a href="/wiki/Ellipse_Programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellipse Programme">Ellipse</a> and Canadian animation company <a href="/wiki/Nelvana" title="Nelvana">Nelvana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200290_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200290-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Directed by Stéphane Bernasconi, Thierry Wermuth voiced the character of Tintin.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200290_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200290-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The episode deviates significantly from the original story line. The passage containing Tintin's drunkenness has been ignored entirely, keeping the character consistent with how it is seen in the rest of series - upright, conscientious and of commendable moral standards. Besides, the political narratives, almost ubiquitously present in the latter part of the original album, have also been largely overlooked. Tintin's conflict with the military was also replaced with one with Alonso Pérez and Ramón Bada. Pérez had take over the role of the fetish's diamond thief over Rodrigo Tortilla, whose been had been the one to listen to diamond story from Pérez years before. Pérez and Bada did not die at the end of the story, as occurs in the album, but are rescued by Tintin as he is retrieved from the sea by the ship's crew, and taken to prison. </p><p>Tintin critic <a href="/wiki/Tom_McCarthy_(novelist)" title="Tom McCarthy (novelist)">Tom McCarthy</a> stated in an interview that the plot of his novel <i>Men in Space</i> was "more or less lifted straight" from <i>The Broken Ear</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like <i>The Broken Ear</i>, <i>Men in Space</i> concerns an artist hired to reproduce a priceless artwork; however he ultimately produces more than one copy, fooling the conspirators. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Broken_Ear&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Broken_Ear&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hergé himself did not use the term <i>ligne claire</i> to describe his drawing style. Cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Joost_Swarte" title="Joost Swarte">Joost Swarte</a> first used the term in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPleban2006_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPleban2006-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Broken_Ear&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHergé19751–12-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHergé19751–12_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHergé1975">Hergé 1975</a>, pp. 1–12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHergé197512–17-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHergé197512–17_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHergé1975">Hergé 1975</a>, pp. 12–17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHergé197518–30-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHergé197518–30_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHergé1975">Hergé 1975</a>, pp. 18–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHergé197531–45-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHergé197531–45_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHergé1975">Hergé 1975</a>, pp. 31–45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHergé197546–55-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHergé197546–55_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHergé1975">Hergé 1975</a>, pp. 46–55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHergé197556–62-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHergé197556–62_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHergé1975">Hergé 1975</a>, pp. 56–62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeeters198931–32Thompson199124–25-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeeters198931–32Thompson199124–25_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeeters1989">Peeters 1989</a>, pp. 31–32; <a href="#CITEREFThompson1991">Thompson 1991</a>, pp. 24–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAssouline200922–23Peeters201234–37-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssouline200922–23Peeters201234–37_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAssouline2009">Assouline 2009</a>, pp. 22–23; <a href="#CITEREFPeeters2012">Peeters 2012</a>, pp. 34–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAssouline200926–29Peeters201245–47-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssouline200926–29Peeters201245–47_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAssouline2009">Assouline 2009</a>, pp. 26–29; <a href="#CITEREFPeeters2012">Peeters 2012</a>, pp. 45–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199146-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199146_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1991">Thompson 1991</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAssouline200940–41Peeters201267–68-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssouline200940–41Peeters201267–68_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAssouline2009">Assouline 2009</a>, pp. 40–41; <a href="#CITEREFPeeters2012">Peeters 2012</a>, pp. 67–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeeters201284-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeeters201284_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeeters2012">Peeters 2012</a>, p. 84.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200164-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200164_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200164_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200164_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFarr2001">Farr 2001</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199168–69Farr200162LofficierLofficier200238-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199168–69Farr200162LofficierLofficier200238_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1991">Thompson 1991</a>, pp. 68–69; <a href="#CITEREFFarr2001">Farr 2001</a>, p. 62; <a href="#CITEREFLofficierLofficier2002">Lofficier & Lofficier 2002</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200162-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200162_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200162_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200162_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFarr2001">Farr 2001</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199169Farr200162LofficierLofficier200238-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199169Farr200162LofficierLofficier200238_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1991">Thompson 1991</a>, p. 69; <a href="#CITEREFFarr2001">Farr 2001</a>, p. 62; <a href="#CITEREFLofficierLofficier2002">Lofficier & Lofficier 2002</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAssouline200957-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssouline200957_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAssouline200957_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAssouline2009">Assouline 2009</a>, p. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199170Farr200167LofficierLofficier200238-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199170Farr200167LofficierLofficier200238_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1991">Thompson 1991</a>, p. 70; <a href="#CITEREFFarr2001">Farr 2001</a>, p. 67; <a href="#CITEREFLofficierLofficier2002">Lofficier & Lofficier 2002</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199170-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199170_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199170_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199170_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1991">Thompson 1991</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199169LofficierLofficier200238-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199169LofficierLofficier200238_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1991">Thompson 1991</a>, p. 69; <a href="#CITEREFLofficierLofficier2002">Lofficier & Lofficier 2002</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200237-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200237_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200237_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200237_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200237_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200237_21-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200237_21-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLofficierLofficier2002">Lofficier & Lofficier 2002</a>, p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddin200815-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoddin200815_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoddin2008">Goddin 2008</a>, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199171–72LofficierLofficier200238-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199171–72LofficierLofficier200238_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1991">Thompson 1991</a>, pp. 71–72; <a href="#CITEREFLofficierLofficier2002">Lofficier & Lofficier 2002</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199172-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199172_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199172_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199172_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1991">Thompson 1991</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200161-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200161_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200161_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFarr2001">Farr 2001</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200161Peeters201282-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200161Peeters201282_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFarr2001">Farr 2001</a>, p. 61; <a href="#CITEREFPeeters2012">Peeters 2012</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199172Peeters201286-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199172Peeters201286_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1991">Thompson 1991</a>, p. 72; <a href="#CITEREFPeeters2012">Peeters 2012</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddin200827-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoddin200827_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoddin2008">Goddin 2008</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPleban2006-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPleban2006_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPleban2006">Pleban 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200168–69-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200168–69_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200168–69_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFarr2001">Farr 2001</a>, pp. 68–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200239-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200239_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200239_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200239_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200239_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLofficierLofficier2002">Lofficier & Lofficier 2002</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199171Farr200164-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199171Farr200164_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1991">Thompson 1991</a>, p. 71; <a href="#CITEREFFarr2001">Farr 2001</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199168-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199168_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1991">Thompson 1991</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199171-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199171_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1991">Thompson 1991</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200167-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200167_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFarr2001">Farr 2001</a>, p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199172–73LofficierLofficier200238-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199172–73LofficierLofficier200238_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1991">Thompson 1991</a>, pp. 72–73; <a href="#CITEREFLofficierLofficier2002">Lofficier & Lofficier 2002</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThompson199169-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199169_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThompson199169_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThompson1991">Thompson 1991</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddin2008176-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoddin2008176_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoddin2008">Goddin 2008</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200168-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200168_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFarr2001">Farr 2001</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFarr200167–68-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFarr200167–68_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFarr2001">Farr 2001</a>, pp. 67–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeeters198951-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeeters198951_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeeters1989">Peeters 1989</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeeters198953-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeeters198953_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeeters1989">Peeters 1989</a>, p. 53.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeeters201282-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeeters201282_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeeters2012">Peeters 2012</a>, p. 82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPeeters201283-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPeeters201283_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPeeters2012">Peeters 2012</a>, p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCarthy20068-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCarthy20068_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcCarthy2006">McCarthy 2006</a>, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCarthy2006111-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCarthy2006111_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcCarthy2006">McCarthy 2006</a>, p. 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcCarthy2006108-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcCarthy2006108_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcCarthy2006">McCarthy 2006</a>, p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEApostolidès201079-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEApostolidès201079_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEApostolidès201079_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEApostolidès201079_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFApostolidès2010">Apostolidès 2010</a>, p. 79.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEApostolidès201082–83-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEApostolidès201082–83_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFApostolidès2010">Apostolidès 2010</a>, pp. 82–83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEApostolidès201086-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEApostolidès201086_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFApostolidès2010">Apostolidès 2010</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200287-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200287_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLofficierLofficier2002">Lofficier & Lofficier 2002</a>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200290-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200290_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELofficierLofficier200290_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLofficierLofficier2002">Lofficier & Lofficier 2002</a>, p. 90.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFernandez-Armesto2011" class="citation web cs1">Fernandez-Armesto, Fred (February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thewhitereview.org/feature/interview-with-tom-mccarthy-2/">"Interview with Tom McCarthy"</a>. <i>The White Review</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+White+Review&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Tom+McCarthy&rft.date=2011-02&rft.aulast=Fernandez-Armesto&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thewhitereview.org%2Ffeature%2Finterview-with-tom-mccarthy-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Broken+Ear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Broken_Ear&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFApostolidès2010" class="citation book cs1">Apostolidès, Jean-Marie (2010) [2006]. <i>The Metamorphoses of Tintin, or Tintin for Adults</i>. Jocelyn Hoy (translator). Stanford: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-6031-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-6031-7"><bdi>978-0-8047-6031-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Metamorphoses+of+Tintin%2C+or+Tintin+for+Adults&rft.place=Stanford&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-6031-7&rft.aulast=Apostolid%C3%A8s&rft.aufirst=Jean-Marie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Broken+Ear" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssouline2009" class="citation book cs1">Assouline, Pierre (2009) [1996]. <i>Hergé, the Man Who Created Tintin</i>. Charles Ruas (translator). Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539759-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539759-8"><bdi>978-0-19-539759-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Herg%C3%A9%2C+the+Man+Who+Created+Tintin&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-539759-8&rft.aulast=Assouline&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Broken+Ear" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarr2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Farr" title="Michael Farr">Farr, Michael</a> (2001). <i>Tintin: The Complete Companion</i>. London: John Murray. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7195-5522-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7195-5522-0"><bdi>978-0-7195-5522-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tintin%3A+The+Complete+Companion&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7195-5522-0&rft.aulast=Farr&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Broken+Ear" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoddin2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Goddin" title="Philippe Goddin">Goddin, Philippe</a> (2008). <i>The Art of Hergé, Inventor of Tintin: Volume I, 1907–1937</i>. Michael Farr (translator). San Francisco: Last Gasp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86719-706-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86719-706-8"><bdi>978-0-86719-706-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Herg%C3%A9%2C+Inventor+of+Tintin%3A+Volume+I%2C+1907%E2%80%931937&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Last+Gasp&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-86719-706-8&rft.aulast=Goddin&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Broken+Ear" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHergé1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herg%C3%A9" title="Hergé">Hergé</a> (1975) [1943]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7U7GKQAACAAJ"><i>The Broken Ear</i></a>. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper and Michael Turner (translators). London: Egmont. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-416-83450-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-416-83450-5"><bdi>978-0-416-83450-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Broken+Ear&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Egmont&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-416-83450-5&rft.au=Herg%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7U7GKQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Broken+Ear" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLofficierLofficier2002" class="citation book cs1">Lofficier, Jean-Marc; Lofficier, Randy (2002). <i>The Pocket Essential Tintin</i>. Harpenden, Hertfordshire: Pocket Essentials. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904048-17-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904048-17-6"><bdi>978-1-904048-17-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pocket+Essential+Tintin&rft.place=Harpenden%2C+Hertfordshire&rft.pub=Pocket+Essentials&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-904048-17-6&rft.aulast=Lofficier&rft.aufirst=Jean-Marc&rft.au=Lofficier%2C+Randy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Broken+Ear" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tom_McCarthy_(novelist)" title="Tom McCarthy (novelist)">McCarthy, Tom</a> (2006). <i>Tintin and the Secret of Literature</i>. London: Granta. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86207-831-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86207-831-4"><bdi>978-1-86207-831-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tintin+and+the+Secret+of+Literature&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Granta&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-86207-831-4&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Broken+Ear" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeeters1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Peeters" title="Benoît Peeters">Peeters, Benoît</a> (1989). <i>Tintin and the World of Hergé</i>. London: Methuen Children's Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-416-14882-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-416-14882-4"><bdi>978-0-416-14882-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tintin+and+the+World+of+Herg%C3%A9&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Methuen+Children%27s+Books&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-416-14882-4&rft.aulast=Peeters&rft.aufirst=Beno%C3%AEt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Broken+Ear" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeeters2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Peeters" title="Benoît Peeters">Peeters, Benoît</a> (2012) [2002]. <i>Hergé: Son of Tintin</i>. Tina A. Kover (translator). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0454-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0454-7"><bdi>978-1-4214-0454-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Herg%C3%A9%3A+Son+of+Tintin&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4214-0454-7&rft.aulast=Peeters&rft.aufirst=Beno%C3%AEt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Broken+Ear" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPleban2006" class="citation journal cs1">Pleban, Dafna (7 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131212134207/http://comicfoundry.com/?p=1526">"Investigating the Clear Line Style"</a>. <i>Comicfoundry</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comicfoundry.com/?p=1526">the original</a> on 12 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comicfoundry&rft.atitle=Investigating+the+Clear+Line+Style&rft.date=2006-11-07&rft.aulast=Pleban&rft.aufirst=Dafna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcomicfoundry.com%2F%3Fp%3D1526&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Broken+Ear" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Thompson" title="Harry Thompson">Thompson, Harry</a> (1991). <i>Tintin: Hergé and his Creation</i>. London: Hodder and Stoughton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-340-52393-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-340-52393-3"><bdi>978-0-340-52393-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tintin%3A+Herg%C3%A9+and+his+Creation&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Hodder+and+Stoughton&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-340-52393-3&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Harry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Broken+Ear" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Broken_Ear&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.tintin.com/albums/show/id/30/page/0/0/the-broken-ear"><i>The Broken Ear</i></a> at the Official Tintin Website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tintinologist.org/guides/books/06brokenear.html"><i>The Broken Ear</i></a> at Tintinologist.org</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="The_Adventures_of_Tintin_by_Hergé" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tintin_and_Herg%C3%A9" title="Template:Tintin and Hergé"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tintin_and_Herg%C3%A9" title="Template talk:Tintin and Hergé"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tintin_and_Herg%C3%A9" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tintin and Hergé"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Adventures_of_Tintin_by_Hergé" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tintin" title="The Adventures of Tintin">The Adventures of Tintin</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Herg%C3%A9" title="Hergé">Hergé</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tintin" title="The Adventures of Tintin">The Adventures<br />of Tintin</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_in_the_Land_of_the_Soviets" title="Tintin in the Land of the Soviets">Tintin in the Land of the Soviets</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_in_the_Congo" title="Tintin in the Congo">Tintin in the Congo</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_in_America" title="Tintin in America">Tintin in America</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cigars_of_the_Pharaoh" title="Cigars of the Pharaoh">Cigars of the Pharaoh</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Lotus" title="The Blue Lotus">The Blue Lotus</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Broken Ear</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Island" title="The Black Island">The Black Island</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_Ottokar%27s_Sceptre" title="King Ottokar's Sceptre">King Ottokar's Sceptre</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crab_with_the_Golden_Claws" title="The Crab with the Golden Claws">The Crab with the Golden Claws</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shooting_Star" title="The Shooting Star">The Shooting Star</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_of_the_Unicorn" title="The Secret of the Unicorn">The Secret of the Unicorn</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Rackham%27s_Treasure" title="Red Rackham's Treasure">Red Rackham's Treasure</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Crystal_Balls" title="The Seven Crystal Balls">The Seven Crystal Balls</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_the_Sun" title="Prisoners of the Sun">Prisoners of the Sun</a></i> (1949)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Black_Gold" title="Land of Black Gold">Land of Black Gold</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Destination_Moon_(comics)" title="Destination Moon (comics)">Destination Moon</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Explorers_on_the_Moon" title="Explorers on the Moon">Explorers on the Moon</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Calculus_Affair" title="The Calculus Affair">The Calculus Affair</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Sea_Sharks" title="The Red Sea Sharks">The Red Sea Sharks</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_in_Tibet" title="Tintin in Tibet">Tintin in Tibet</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Castafiore_Emerald" title="The Castafiore Emerald">The Castafiore Emerald</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flight_714_to_Sydney" title="Flight 714 to Sydney">Flight 714 to Sydney</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_and_the_Picaros" title="Tintin and the Picaros">Tintin and the Picaros</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_and_Alph-Art" title="Tintin and Alph-Art">Tintin and Alph-Art</a></i> (1986, unfinished)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Thermoz%C3%A9ro" title="Le Thermozéro">Le Thermozéro</a></i> (unfinished, unpublished)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Adventures_of_Tintin_characters" title="List of The Adventures of Tintin characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tintin_(character)" title="Tintin (character)">Tintin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowy_(character)" title="Snowy (character)">Snowy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captain_Haddock" title="Captain Haddock">Captain Haddock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professor_Calculus" title="Professor Calculus">Professor Calculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomson_and_Thompson" title="Thomson and Thompson">Thomson and Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastapopoulos" title="Rastapopoulos">Rastapopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bianca_Castafiore" title="Bianca Castafiore">Bianca Castafiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang_Chong-Chen" title="Chang Chong-Chen">Chang Chong-Chen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_(Tintin)" title="Abdullah (Tintin)">Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_(comics)" title="Nestor (comics)">Nestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jolyon_Wagg" title="Jolyon Wagg">Jolyon Wagg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Adventures_of_Tintin_locations" title="List of The Adventures of Tintin locations">Settings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borduria" title="Borduria">Borduria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlinspike_Hall" title="Marlinspike Hall">Marlinspike Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syldavia" title="Syldavia">Syldavia</a></li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Unicorn_(Tintin)" title="Unicorn (Tintin)">Unicorn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Adventures_of_Tintin_locations" title="List of The Adventures of Tintin locations">Other settings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feature films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Crab_with_the_Golden_Claws_(film)" title="The Crab with the Golden Claws (film)">The Crab with the Golden Claws</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_and_the_Temple_of_the_Sun" title="Tintin and the Temple of the Sun">Tintin and the Temple of the Sun</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_and_the_Lake_of_Sharks" title="Tintin and the Lake of Sharks">Tintin and the Lake of Sharks</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tintin_(film)" title="The Adventures of Tintin (film)"> The Adventures of Tintin</a></i> (2011) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tintin_(soundtrack)" title="The Adventures of Tintin (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live-action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_and_the_Golden_Fleece" title="Tintin and the Golden Fleece">Tintin and the Golden Fleece</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_and_the_Blue_Oranges" title="Tintin and the Blue Oranges">Tintin and the Blue Oranges</a></i> (1964)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Herg%C3%A9%27s_Adventures_of_Tintin" title="Hergé's Adventures of Tintin">Hergé's Adventures of Tintin</a></i> (1962–66)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tintin_(TV_series)" title="The Adventures of Tintin (TV series)"><i>The Adventures of Tintin</i></a> (1991–92)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documentaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/I,_Tintin" title="I, Tintin">I, Tintin</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_and_I" title="Tintin and I">Tintin and I</a></i> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mystery_of_the_Blue_Diamond" title="The Mystery of the Blue Diamond">The Mystery of the Blue Diamond</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Boullock%27s_Disappearance" title="Mr. Boullock's Disappearance">Mr. Boullock's Disappearance</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kuifje_%E2%80%93_De_Zonnetempel_(De_Musical)" title="Kuifje – De Zonnetempel (De Musical)">Kuifje – De Zonnetempel (De Musical)</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_%E2%80%93_Le_Temple_du_Soleil_%E2%80%93_Le_Spectacle_Musical" title="Tintin – Le Temple du Soleil – Le Spectacle Musical">Tintin – Le Temple du Soleil – Le Spectacle Musical</a></i> (2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_on_the_Moon" title="Tintin on the Moon">Tintin on the Moon</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_in_Tibet_(video_game)" title="Tintin in Tibet (video game)">Tintin in Tibet</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prisoners_of_the_Sun_(video_game)" title="Prisoners of the Sun (video game)">Prisoners of the Sun</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tintin:_Destination_Adventure" title="Tintin: Destination Adventure">Tintin: Destination Adventure</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tintin:_The_Secret_of_the_Unicorn_(video_game)" title="The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn (video game)">The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn</a></i> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media<br />and memorabilia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tintin_media" title="List of Tintin media">Tintin media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_Tintin" title="List of books about Tintin">Books about Tintin</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_and_the_World_of_Herg%C3%A9" title="Tintin and the World of Hergé">Tintin and the World of Hergé</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintin_(magazine)" title="Tintin (magazine)"><i>Tintin</i> magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintin_postage_stamps" title="Tintin postage stamps">Tintin postage stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintin_coins" title="Tintin coins">Tintin coins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collaborators<br />of Hergé</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Studios_Herg%C3%A9" title="Studios Hergé">Studios Hergé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_de_Moor" title="Bob de Moor">Bob de Moor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_P._Jacobs" title="Edgar P. Jacobs">Edgar P. Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Martin_(comics)" title="Jacques Martin (comics)">Jacques Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_(cartoonist)" title="Greg (cartoonist)">Greg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Leloup" title="Roger Leloup">Roger Leloup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josette_Baujot" title="Josette Baujot">Josette Baujot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Van_Melkebeke" title="Jacques Van Melkebeke">Jacques Van Melkebeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Chongren" title="Zhang Chongren">Zhang Chongren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy of Hergé</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herg%C3%A9_Foundation" title="Hergé Foundation">Hergé Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligne_claire" title="Ligne claire">Ligne claire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Herg%C3%A9" title="Musée Hergé">Musée Hergé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tintin_parodies_and_pastiches" title="List of Tintin parodies and pastiches">Parodies and pastiches</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tintin:_Breaking_Free" title="The Adventures of Tintin: Breaking Free">Breaking Free</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tintin_in_Thailand" title="Tintin in Thailand">Tintin in Thailand</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonnier_Group" title="Bonnier Group">Bonnier Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlsen_Verlag" title="Carlsen Verlag">Carlsen Verlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casterman" title="Casterman">Casterman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egmont_Group" title="Egmont Group">Egmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Press">Golden Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Lombard" title="Le Lombard">Le Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methuen_Publishing" title="Methuen Publishing">Methuen Publishing</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Petit_Vingti%C3%A8me" title="Le Petit Vingtième">Le Petit Vingtième</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Soir" title="Le Soir">Le Soir</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintin_(magazine)" title="Tintin (magazine)"><i>Tintin</i> magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_%26_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Little, Brown & Co.">Little, Brown & Co.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary critics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Farr" title="Michael Farr">Michael Farr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Goddin" title="Philippe Goddin">Philippe Goddin</a></li> <li><a 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