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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standards_and_protocols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Standards and protocols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standards_and_protocols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synchronous_vs._asynchronous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synchronous_vs._asynchronous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Synchronous vs. asynchronous</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synchronous_vs._asynchronous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Implementation_in_UNIX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementation_in_UNIX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Implementation in UNIX</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Implementation_in_UNIX-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Implementation in UNIX subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Implementation_in_UNIX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SYS_V" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SYS_V"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>SYS V</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SYS_V-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-POSIX" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#POSIX"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>POSIX</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-POSIX-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graphical_user_interfaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graphical_user_interfaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Graphical user interfaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graphical_user_interfaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Message queue</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cua_de_missatges" title="Cua de missatges – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cua de missatges" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/MQ" title="MQ – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="MQ" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_Queuing" title="Message Queuing – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Message Queuing" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%85" title="صف پیغام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صف پیغام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_d%27attente_de_message" title="File d'attente de message – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="File d'attente de message" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EC%8B%9C%EC%A7%80_%ED%81%90" title="메시지 큐 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메시지 큐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zi%C5%86ojumu_rinda" title="Ziņojumu rinda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ziņojumu rinda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Czenetsor" title="Üzenetsor – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Üzenetsor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_queue" title="Message queue – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Message queue" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%83%E3%82%BB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AD%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC" title="メッセージキュー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メッセージキュー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolejka_komunikat%C3%B3w" title="Kolejka komunikatów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kolejka komunikatów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fila_de_mensagens" title="Fila de mensagens – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fila de mensagens" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Очередь сообщений – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Очередь сообщений" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viestijono" title="Viestijono – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Viestijono" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Черга повідомлень – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Черга повідомлень" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B6%88%E6%81%AF%E9%98%9F%E5%88%97" title="消息队列 – Chinese" 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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Means of interprocess communication in software engineering</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Mailbox (computing)" redirects here. For the file format, see <a href="/wiki/Mbox" title="Mbox">Mbox</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Message_queue" title="Special:EditPage/Message queue">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Message+queue%22">"Message queue"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Message+queue%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Message+queue%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Message+queue%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Message+queue%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Message+queue%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">computer science</a>, <b>message queues</b> and <b>mailboxes</b> are <a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">software-engineering</a> <a href="/wiki/Software_componentry" class="mw-redirect" title="Software componentry">components</a> typically used for <a href="/wiki/Inter-process_communication" title="Inter-process communication">inter-process communication</a> (IPC), or for inter-<a href="/wiki/Thread_(computing)" title="Thread (computing)">thread</a> communication within the same process. They use a <a href="/wiki/Queue_(data_structure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Queue (data structure)">queue</a> for <a href="/wiki/Message_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Message (computer science)">messaging</a> – the passing of control or of content. <a href="/wiki/Group_communication_system" title="Group communication system">Group communication systems</a> provide similar kinds of functionality. </p><p>The message queue paradigm is a sibling of the <a href="/wiki/Publish%E2%80%93subscribe_pattern" title="Publish–subscribe pattern">publisher/subscriber</a> pattern, and is typically one part of a larger <a href="/wiki/Message-oriented_middleware" title="Message-oriented middleware">message-oriented middleware</a> system. Most messaging systems support both the publisher/subscriber and message queue models in their <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">API</a>, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Java_Message_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Java Message Service">Java Message Service</a> (JMS). </p><p>Competing Consumers pattern enables multiple concurrent consumers to process messages on the same message queue. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Remit_and_ownership">Remit and ownership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Message_queue&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Remit and ownership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Message queues implement an <a href="/wiki/Asynchronous_method_invocation" title="Asynchronous method invocation">asynchronous communication pattern</a> between two or more processes/threads whereby the sending and receiving party do not need to interact with the message queue at the same time. Messages placed onto the queue are stored until the recipient retrieves them. Message queues have implicit or explicit limits on the size of data that may be transmitted in a single message and the number of messages that may remain outstanding on the queue.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Remit">Remit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Message_queue&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Remit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many implementations of message queues function internally within an <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> or within an <a href="/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">application</a>. Such queues exist for the purposes of that <a href="/wiki/System" title="System">system</a> only.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other implementations allow the passing of messages between different computer systems, potentially connecting multiple applications and multiple operating systems.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These message queuing systems typically provide <a href="/wiki/Resilience_(network)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resilience (network)">resilience</a> functionality to ensure that messages do not get "lost" in the event of a system failure. Examples of commercial implementations of this kind of message queuing <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Message-oriented_middleware" title="Message-oriented middleware">message-oriented middleware</a>) include <a href="/wiki/IBM_MQ" title="IBM MQ">IBM MQ</a> (formerly MQ Series) and <a href="/wiki/Oracle_Advanced_Queuing" title="Oracle Advanced Queuing">Oracle Advanced Queuing</a> (AQ). There is a <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> standard called <a href="/wiki/Java_Message_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Java Message Service">Java Message Service</a>, which has several <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_software" title="Free software">free software</a> implementations. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Real-time_operating_system" title="Real-time operating system">Real-time operating systems</a> (RTOSes) such as <a href="/wiki/VxWorks" title="VxWorks">VxWorks</a> and <a href="/wiki/QNX" title="QNX">QNX</a> encourage the use of message queuing as the primary inter-process or inter-thread communication mechanism. This can result in integration between message passing and CPU scheduling. Early examples of commercial RTOSes that encouraged a message-queue basis to inter-thread communication also include <a href="/wiki/Versatile_Real-Time_Executive" title="Versatile Real-Time Executive">VRTX</a> and <a href="/wiki/PSOS_(real-time_operating_system)" title="PSOS (real-time operating system)">pSOS</a>+, both of which date to the early 1980s. The <a href="/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language)" title="Erlang (programming language)">Erlang programming language</a> uses <i>processes</i> to provide concurrency; these processes communicate asynchronously using message queuing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ownership">Ownership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Message_queue&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ownership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The message queue software can be either proprietary, open source or a mix of both. It is then run either on premise in private servers or on external cloud servers (<a href="/wiki/Message_queuing_service" title="Message queuing service">message queuing service</a>). </p> <ul><li>Proprietary options have the longest history, and include products from the inception of message queuing, such as <a href="/wiki/IBM_MQ" title="IBM MQ">IBM MQ</a>, and those tied to specific operating systems, such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Message_Queuing" title="Microsoft Message Queuing">Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ)</a>. Cloud service providers also provide their proprietary solutions such as <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Simple_Queue_Service" title="Amazon Simple Queue Service">Amazon Simple Queue Service</a> (SQS), StormMQ, <a href="/wiki/Solace_Corporation" title="Solace Corporation">Solace</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IBM_MQ" title="IBM MQ">IBM MQ</a>.</li> <li>Open source choices of messaging <a href="/wiki/Middleware" title="Middleware">middleware</a> systems includes <a href="/wiki/Apache_ActiveMQ" title="Apache ActiveMQ">Apache ActiveMQ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apache_Kafka" title="Apache Kafka">Apache Kafka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apache_Qpid" title="Apache Qpid">Apache Qpid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apache_RocketMQ" title="Apache RocketMQ">Apache RocketMQ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enduro/X" title="Enduro/X">Enduro/X</a>, <a href="/wiki/JBoss_Messaging" title="JBoss Messaging">JBoss Messaging</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=JORAM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JORAM (page does not exist)">JORAM</a>, <a href="/wiki/RabbitMQ" title="RabbitMQ">RabbitMQ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Open_Message_Queue" title="Open Message Queue">Sun Open Message Queue</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tarantool" title="Tarantool">Tarantool</a>.</li></ul> <p>Examples on hardware-based <a href="/wiki/Message_oriented_middleware" class="mw-redirect" title="Message oriented middleware">messaging middleware</a> vendors are <a href="/wiki/Solace_Corporation" title="Solace Corporation">Solace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apigee" title="Apigee">Apigee</a>, and <a href="/wiki/IBM_MQ" title="IBM MQ">IBM MQ</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Message_queue&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a typical message-queueing implementation, a <a href="/wiki/System_administrator" title="System administrator">system administrator</a> installs and configures message-queueing software (a <a href="/wiki/Queue_manager" class="mw-redirect" title="Queue manager">queue manager</a> or broker), and defines a named message queue. Or they register with a <a href="/wiki/Message_queuing_service" title="Message queuing service">message queuing service</a>. </p><p>An application then registers a software routine that "listens" for messages placed onto the queue. </p><p>Second and subsequent applications may connect to the queue and transfer a message onto it. </p><p>The queue-manager software stores the messages until a receiving application connects and then calls the registered software routine. The receiving application then processes the message in an appropriate manner. </p><p>There are often numerous options as to the exact semantics of message passing, including: </p> <ul><li>Durability – messages may be kept in memory, written to disk, or even committed to a <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">DBMS</a> if the need for reliability indicates a more resource-intensive solution.</li> <li>Security policies – which applications should have access to these messages?</li> <li>Message purging policies – queues or messages may have a "<a href="/wiki/Time_to_live" title="Time to live">time to live</a>".</li> <li>Message filtering – some systems support filtering data so that a subscriber may only see messages matching some pre-specified criteria of interest.</li> <li>Delivery policies – do we need to guarantee that a message is delivered at least once, or no more than once?</li> <li>Routing policies – in a system with many queue servers, what servers should receive a message or a queue's messages?</li> <li>Batching policies – should messages be delivered immediately? Or should the system wait a bit and try to deliver many messages at once?</li> <li>Queuing criteria – when should a message be considered "enqueued"? When one queue has it? Or when it has been forwarded to at least one remote queue? Or to all queues?</li> <li>Receipt notification – A publisher may need to know when some or all subscribers have received a message.</li></ul> <p>These are all considerations that can have substantial effects on transaction semantics, system reliability, and system efficiency. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards_and_protocols">Standards and protocols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Message_queue&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Standards and protocols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, message queuing has used proprietary, closed protocols, restricting the ability for different operating systems or programming languages to interact in a heterogeneous set of environments. </p><p>An early attempt to make message queuing more ubiquitous was <a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>' <a href="/wiki/Java_Message_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Java Message Service">JMS</a> specification, which provided a <a href="/wiki/Java_(software_platform)" title="Java (software platform)">Java</a>-only abstraction of a client <a href="/wiki/Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">API</a>. This allowed Java developers to switch between providers of message queuing in a fashion similar to that of developers using <a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a> databases. In practice, given the diversity of message queuing techniques and scenarios, this wasn't always as practical as it could be. </p><p>Three standards have emerged which are used in open source message queue implementations: </p> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Message_Queuing_Protocol" title="Advanced Message Queuing Protocol">Advanced Message Queuing Protocol</a> (AMQP) – feature-rich message queue protocol, approved as ISO/IEC 19464 since April 2014</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_Text_Oriented_Messaging_Protocol" title="Streaming Text Oriented Messaging Protocol">Streaming Text Oriented Messaging Protocol</a> (STOMP) – simple, text-oriented message protocol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT">MQTT</a> (formerly MQ Telemetry Transport) – lightweight message queue protocol especially for embedded devices</li></ol> <p>These protocols are at different stages of standardization and adoption. The first two operate at the same level as <a href="/wiki/HTTP" title="HTTP">HTTP</a>, MQTT at the level of <a href="/wiki/TCP/IP" class="mw-redirect" title="TCP/IP">TCP/IP</a>. </p><p>Some proprietary implementations also use HTTP to provide message queuing by some implementations, such as <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Simple_Queue_Service" title="Amazon Simple Queue Service">SQS</a>. This is because it is always possible to layer asynchronous behaviour (which is what is required for message queuing) over a synchronous protocol using request-response semantics. However, such implementations are constrained by the underlying protocol in this case and may not be able to offer the full fidelity or set of options required in message passing above. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synchronous_vs._asynchronous">Synchronous vs. asynchronous</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Message_queue&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Synchronous vs. asynchronous"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many of the more widely known <a href="/wiki/Communications_protocol" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications protocol">communications protocols</a> in use operate <a href="/wiki/Synchronization_(computer_science)" title="Synchronization (computer science)">synchronously</a>. The HTTP protocol – used in the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Web_service" title="Web service">web services</a> – offers an obvious example where a user sends a request for a web page and then waits for a reply. </p><p>However, scenarios exist in which synchronous behaviour is not appropriate. For example, <a href="/wiki/AJAX" class="mw-redirect" title="AJAX">AJAX</a> (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/asynchronous" class="extiw" title="wikt:asynchronous">Asynchronous</a> <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> and <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>) can be used to asynchronously send text, JSON or XML messages to update part of a web page with more relevant information. <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> uses this approach for their Google Suggest, a search feature which sends the user's partially typed queries to Google's servers and returns a list of possible full queries the user might be interested in the process of typing. This list is asynchronously updated as the user types. </p><p>Other asynchronous examples exist in event notification systems and <a href="/wiki/Publish%E2%80%93subscribe_pattern" title="Publish–subscribe pattern">publish/subscribe</a> systems. </p> <ul><li>An application may need to notify another that an event has occurred, but does not need to wait for a response.</li> <li>In publish/subscribe systems, an application "publishes" information for any number of clients to read.</li></ul> <p>In both of the above examples it would not make sense for the sender of the information to have to wait if, for example, one of the recipients had crashed. </p><p>Applications need not be exclusively synchronous or asynchronous. An interactive application may need to respond to certain parts of a request immediately (such as telling a customer that a sales request has been accepted, and handling the promise to draw on inventory), but may queue other parts (such as completing calculation of billing, forwarding data to the central accounting system, and calling on all sorts of other services) to be done some time later. </p><p>In all these sorts of situations, having a subsystem which performs message-queuing (or alternatively, a broadcast messaging system) can help improve the behavior of the overall system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementation_in_UNIX">Implementation in UNIX</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Message_queue&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Implementation in UNIX"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two common message queue implementations in <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">UNIX</a>. One is part of the SYS V API, the other one is part of <a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SYS_V">SYS V</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Message_queue&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: SYS V"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>UNIX SYS V implements message passing by keeping an array of linked lists as message queues. Each message queue is identified by its index in the array, and has a unique descriptor. A given index can have multiple possible descriptors. UNIX gives standard functions to access the message passing feature.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Design_of_the_UNIX_Operating_System_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Design_of_the_UNIX_Operating_System-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt><code>msgget()</code></dt> <dd>This system call takes a key as an argument and returns a descriptor of the queue with the matching key if it exists. If it does not exist, and the <code>IPC_CREAT</code> flag is set, it makes a new message queue with the given key and returns its descriptor.</dd> <dt><code>msgrcv()</code></dt> <dd>Used to receive a message from a given queue descriptor. The caller process must have read permissions for the queue. It is of two types.<sup id="cite_ref-Operating_Systems_Concepts_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Operating_Systems_Concepts-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Blocking receive puts the child to sleep if it cannot find a requested message type. It sleeps until another message is posted in the queue, and then wakes up to check again.</li> <li>Non-blocking receive returns immediately to the caller, mentioning that it failed.</li></ul></dd></dl> <dl><dt><code>msgctl()</code></dt> <dd>Used to change message queue parameters like the owner. Most importantly, it is used to delete the message queue by passing the <code>IPC_RMID</code> flag. A message queue can be deleted only by its creator, owner, or the superuser.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="POSIX">POSIX</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Message_queue&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: POSIX"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The POSIX.1-2001 message queue API is the later of the two UNIX message queue APIs. It is distinct from the SYS V API, but provides similar function. The unix man page <code>mq_overview(7)</code> provides an overview of POSIX message queues. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Graphical_user_interfaces">Graphical user interfaces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Message_queue&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Graphical user interfaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">Graphical user interfaces</a> (GUIs) employ a message queue, also called an <i>event queue</i> or <i>input queue</i>, to pass <a href="/wiki/Event_(computing)" title="Event (computing)">graphical input actions</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Mouse_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouse click">mouse clicks</a>, keyboard events, or other user inputs, to the <a href="/wiki/Application_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Application program">application program</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The windowing system places messages indicating user or other events, such as timer ticks or messages sent by other threads, into the message queue. The GUI application removes these events one at a time by calling a routine called <code>getNextEvent()</code> or similar in an <a href="/wiki/Event_loop" title="Event loop">event loop</a>, and then calling the appropriate application routine to process that event.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Message_queue&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Message_Queuing_Protocol" title="Advanced Message Queuing Protocol">Advanced Message Queuing Protocol</a> (AMQP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Simple_Queue_Service" title="Amazon Simple Queue Service">Amazon Simple Queue Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_ActiveMQ" title="Apache ActiveMQ">Apache ActiveMQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Qpid" title="Apache Qpid">Apache Qpid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery_(software)" title="Celery (software)">Celery (software)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gearman" title="Gearman">Gearman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_Integration_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Integration Bus">IBM Integration Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_MQ" title="IBM MQ">IBM MQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_Message_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Java Message Service">Java Message Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MQTT" title="MQTT">MQTT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message-oriented_middleware" title="Message-oriented middleware">Message-oriented middleware</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Message-oriented_middleware" title="Category:Message-oriented middleware">(category)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Message_Queuing" title="Microsoft Message Queuing">Microsoft Message Queuing</a> (known colloquially as MSMQ)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATS_Messaging" title="NATS Messaging">NATS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Messaging Cloud Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RabbitMQ" title="RabbitMQ">RabbitMQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redis" title="Redis">Redis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIBCO" class="mw-redirect" title="TIBCO">TIBCO</a> Enterprise Message Service</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enduro/X" title="Enduro/X">Enduro/X</a> Middleware platform</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZeroMQ" title="ZeroMQ">ZeroMQ</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Message_queue&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGorton" class="citation book cs1">Gorton, Ian. <i>Foundations of Scalable Systems</i>. O'Reilly Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781098106034" title="Special:BookSources/9781098106034"><bdi>9781098106034</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundations+of+Scalable+Systems&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media&rft.isbn=9781098106034&rft.aulast=Gorton&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessage+queue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dive Into Queue Module In Python. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linux.die.net/man/7/mq_overview">Overview of POSIX message queues</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Win32 system message queues. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120317065349/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms644927(VS.85).aspx">"About Messages and Message Queues"</a>. <i>Windows User Interface</i>. Microsoft Developer Network. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms644927(VS.85).aspx">the original</a> on March 17, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Windows+User+Interface&rft.atitle=About+Messages+and+Message+Queues&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fms644927%28VS.85%29.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessage+queue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Linux and POSIX message queues. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://linux.die.net/man/7/mq_overview">Overview of POSIX message queues</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120504002336/http://linux.die.net/man/7/mq_overview">Archived</a> 2012-05-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at linux.die.net</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Using Linux Message Queues. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civilized.com/files/msgfuncs.txt">Linux message queue functions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120408091327/http://www.civilized.com/files/msgfuncs.txt">Archived</a> 2012-04-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at www.civilized.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, the MSMQ product. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms711472.aspx">"Message Queuing (MSMQ)"</a>. <i>Network Communication</i>. Microsoft Developer Network<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 9,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Network+Communication&rft.atitle=Message+Queuing+%28MSMQ%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Flibrary%2Fms711472.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessage+queue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Design_of_the_UNIX_Operating_System-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Design_of_the_UNIX_Operating_System_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBach,_M.J.1986" class="citation book cs1">Bach, M.J. 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Prentice-Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780132017992" title="Special:BookSources/9780132017992"><bdi>9780132017992</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Design+of+the+UNIX+Operating+System&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780132017992&rft.au=Bach%2C+M.J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdesignofunixoper00bach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessage+queue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Operating_Systems_Concepts-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Operating_Systems_Concepts_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbraham_Silberschatz,_Peter_B._Galvin1994" class="citation book cs1">Abraham Silberschatz, Peter B. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rice+University%3ARobert+%28Corky%29+Cartwright&rft.atitle=GUI+Programming&rft.aulast=Cartwright&rft.aufirst=Corky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.rice.edu%2F~cork%2FnewBook%2Fnode89.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMessage+queue" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNystrom2014" class="citation book cs1">Nystrom, Robert (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/event-queue.html"><i>Game Programming Patterns</i></a>. 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