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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C4%81n-s%C3%B3%CD%98" title="Piān-só͘ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Piān-só͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tualett" title="Tualett – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tualett" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komun_(gela)" title="Komun (gela) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Komun (gela)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phien-s%C3%B3" title="Phien-só – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Phien-só" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%EC%9E%A5%EC%8B%A4" title="화장실 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화장실" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban%C9%97aki" title="Banɗaki – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Banɗaki" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamar_kecil" title="Kamar kecil – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kamar kecil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tualetas" title="Tualetas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tualetas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3ng-k%C4%83ng-chi%C3%B3" title="Bóng-kăng-chió – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bóng-kăng-chió" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BE%BF%E6%89%80" title="便所 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="便所" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Туалет – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Туалет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1" title="ห้องส้วม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ห้องส้วม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hongqraemx" title="Hongqraemx – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Hongqraemx" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_v%E1%BB%87_sinh" title="Nhà vệ sinh – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhà vệ sinh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%95%E6%89%80" title="厕所 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="厕所" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BB%81%E6%89%80" title="廁所 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="廁所" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Room for privately accessing a toilet, and often handwashing sink</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about rooms in private residences. For facilities outside the home, see <a href="/wiki/Public_toilet" title="Public toilet">Public toilet</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian_Toilet.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Australian_Toilet.JPG/220px-Australian_Toilet.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Australian_Toilet.JPG/330px-Australian_Toilet.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Australian_Toilet.JPG/440px-Australian_Toilet.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>A small room with a <a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet" title="Flush toilet">flush toilet</a>. A toilet brush (hidden in a decorative holder) and a <a href="/wiki/Toilet_roll_holder" title="Toilet roll holder">toilet roll holder</a> for <a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper" title="Toilet paper">toilet paper</a> can be seen to the right of the flush toilet.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>toilet</b> is a small room used for privately accessing the sanitation fixture (<a href="/wiki/Toilet" title="Toilet">toilet</a>) for <a href="/wiki/Urination" title="Urination">urination</a> and <a href="/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation">defecation</a>. Toilet rooms often include a <a href="/wiki/Sink" title="Sink">sink</a> (basin) with soap/handwash for <a href="/wiki/Handwashing" class="mw-redirect" title="Handwashing">handwashing</a>, as this is important for personal hygiene. These rooms are typically referred to in <a href="/wiki/North_American_English" title="North American English">North America</a> as <b>half-bathrooms</b> (<b>half-baths</b>; half of a whole or full-bathroom) in a private residence.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This room is commonly known as a "<a href="/wiki/Bathroom" title="Bathroom">bathroom</a>" in <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, a "lavatory" or "loo" in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, a "washroom" in <a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">Canadian English</a>, and by <a href="#Names">many other names</a> across the <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a>. <span class="anchor" id="Etymology"></span> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Names">Names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toilet_(room)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Names"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Toilet#Names" title="Toilet">Toilet § Names</a></div> <p>"Toilet" originally referred to <a href="/wiki/Personal_grooming" title="Personal grooming">personal grooming</a> and came by <a href="/wiki/Metonymy" title="Metonymy">metonymy</a> to be used for the personal rooms used for bathing, dressing, and so on. It was then <a href="/wiki/Euphemism" title="Euphemism">euphemistically</a> used for the similarly private rooms used for urination and defecation. By metonymy, it then came to refer directly to the <a href="/wiki/Toilet" title="Toilet">fixtures in such rooms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lyle_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lyle-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At present, the word refers primarily to such fixtures and using "toilet" to refer to the room or activity ("use the toilet") is somewhat blunt and may be considered indiscreet.<sup id="cite_ref-cancan_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cancan-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is, however, a useful term since it is quickly understood by <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speakers across the world</a>, whereas more polite terms vary by region. </p><p>"<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lavatory" class="extiw" title="wikt:lavatory">Lavatory</a>" (from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">lavatorium</i></span></i>, "<a href="/wiki/Wash_basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Wash basin">wash basin</a>" or "washroom")<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was common in the 19th century and is still broadly understood, although it is taken as quite formal in American English, and more often refers to <a href="/wiki/Public_toilet" title="Public toilet">public toilets</a> in Britain.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The contraction "lav"<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is commonly used in British English.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, the most common term for a private toilet is "<a href="/wiki/Bathroom" title="Bathroom">bathroom</a>", regardless of whether a bathtub or shower is present.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>, "bathroom" is a common term but is typically reserved for private rooms primarily used for bathing; a room without a bathtub or shower is more often known as a "WC", an abbreviation for <a href="/wiki/Water_closet" class="mw-redirect" title="Water closet">water closet</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "lavatory", or "loo".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other terms are also used, some as part of <a href="/wiki/List_of_dialects_of_the_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of dialects of the English language">a regional dialect</a>. </p><p>Some forms of <a href="/wiki/Jargon" title="Jargon">jargon</a> have their own terms for toilets, including "<a href="/wiki/Aircraft_lavatory" title="Aircraft lavatory">lavatory</a>" on commercial airplanes, "<a href="/wiki/Head_(watercraft)" title="Head (watercraft)">head</a>" on ships,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "<a href="/wiki/Latrine" title="Latrine">latrine</a>" in military contexts.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>n 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Larger houses often have a secondary room with a toilet and sink for use by guests.<sup id="cite_ref-Common140_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Common140-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are typically known as "powder rooms" or "half-baths" (half-bathroom) in North America,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "cloakrooms" in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_items_in_the_room">Other items in the room</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toilet_(room)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Other items in the room"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main item in the room is the sanitation fixture itself, the <a href="/wiki/Toilet" title="Toilet">toilet</a>. This may be <a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet" title="Flush toilet">the flushing sort</a>, which is plumbed into a <a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">cistern</a> (tank) operated by a <a href="/wiki/Ballcock" title="Ballcock">ballcock</a> (float valve). Or it may be <a href="/wiki/Dry_toilet" title="Dry toilet">a dry model</a>, which does not need water. </p><p>The toilet room may also include a <a href="/wiki/Plunger" title="Plunger">plunger</a>, a rubber or plastic tool mounted on a handle, which is used to remove blockages from the toilet drain. Toilets often have a wall mirror above the sink for grooming, checking one's appearance and/or makeup. Some toilets have a cupboard where cleaning supplies and personal hygiene products may be kept. If it is a flush toilet, then the room usually also includes a <a href="/wiki/Toilet_brush" title="Toilet brush">toilet brush</a> for cleaning the bowl. </p><p>Methods of <a href="/wiki/Anal_cleansing" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal cleansing">anal cleansing</a> vary between cultures. If the norm is to use paper, then typically the room will have a <a href="/wiki/Toilet_roll_holder" title="Toilet roll holder">toilet roll holder</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper" title="Toilet paper">toilet paper</a> hanging <a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper_orientation" title="Toilet paper orientation">either next to or away from</a> the wall. If instead, people are used to cleaning themselves with water, then the room may include a <a href="/wiki/Bidet_shower" title="Bidet shower">bidet shower</a> (health faucet) or a <a href="/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet">bidet</a>. Toilets such as the <a href="/wiki/Washlet" title="Washlet">Washlet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toilets_in_Japan" title="Toilets in Japan">popular in Japan</a>, provide an automatic washing function. </p><p>A sink (hand basin), with soap, is usually present in the room or immediately outside it, to ensure easy <a href="/wiki/Handwashing" class="mw-redirect" title="Handwashing">handwashing</a>. Above the sink there may be a mirror, either mounted on the wall, or on a <a href="/wiki/Medicine_cabinet" title="Medicine cabinet">medicine cabinet</a>. This cabinet (which is more typically located in the household's main <a href="/wiki/Bathroom" title="Bathroom">bathroom</a>) typically contains prescription and over the counter drugs, <a href="/wiki/First_aid" title="First aid">first aid</a> supplies, and grooming equipment for shaving or makeup. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toilet_(room)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_water_supply_and_sanitation" title="History of water supply and sanitation">History of water supply and sanitation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toilet#History" title="Toilet">Toilet § History</a></div> <p>Into the <a href="/wiki/Modern_era" title="Modern era">modern era</a>, humans typically practised <a href="/wiki/Open_defecation" title="Open defecation">open defecation</a> or employed <a href="/wiki/Latrine" title="Latrine">latrines</a> or <a href="/wiki/Outhouse" title="Outhouse">outhouses</a> over a <a href="/wiki/Pit_toilet" class="mw-redirect" title="Pit toilet">pit toilet</a> in rural areas and used <a href="/wiki/Chamber_pot" title="Chamber pot">chamber pots</a> emptied into streets or drains in urban ones. The <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus Valley civilization">Indus Valley civilization</a> had <a href="/wiki/Sanitation_of_the_Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Sanitation of the Indus Valley Civilisation">particularly advanced sanitation</a>, which included common use of private flush toilets. The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greeks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sanitation_in_ancient_Rome" title="Sanitation in ancient Rome">Romans</a> had <a href="/wiki/Public_toilet" title="Public toilet">public toilets</a> and, in some cases, <a href="/wiki/Indoor_plumbing" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoor plumbing">indoor plumbing</a> connected to rudimentary <a href="/wiki/Sanitary_sewer" title="Sanitary sewer">sewer</a> systems. The latrines of medieval monasteries were known as <a href="/wiki/Reredorter" title="Reredorter">reredorters</a>; in some cases, these were connected to sophisticated water systems that swept its effluent away without affecting the community's drinking, cooking, or washing water.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">early modern period</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Night_soil" title="Night soil">night soil</a>" from municipal outhouses became an important source of <a href="/wiki/Potassium_nitrate" title="Potassium nitrate">nitrates</a> for creating <a href="/wiki/Black_powder" class="mw-redirect" title="Black powder">gunpowder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 19th century refinements of the outhouse included the <a href="/wiki/Privy_midden" title="Privy midden">privy midden</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pail_closet" title="Pail closet">pail closet</a>. </p><p>Indoor toilets were at first a luxury of the rich and only gradually spread to the lower classes. As late as the 1890s, building regulations in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> did not require working-class housing to have indoor toilets; into the early 20th century, some English homes were built with an upstairs toilet for use by the owners and an outhouse for use by the servants.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some cases, there was a transitional stage where toilets were built into the house but accessible only from the outside.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, all new housing in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and its suburbs had indoor toilets.<sup id="cite_ref-jackson_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jackson-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bathrooms became standard later than toilets, but entered working-class houses at around the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Times_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For plumbing reasons, flush toilets have usually been located in or near residences' <a href="/wiki/Bathroom" title="Bathroom">bathrooms</a>. (Both were initially located above the <a href="/wiki/Kitchen" title="Kitchen">kitchen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scullery_(room)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scullery (room)">scullery</a> on the same account.) In upper-class homes, the first modern lavatories were washrooms with <a href="/wiki/Sink" title="Sink">sinks</a> located near the bedrooms; in lower-class homes, there was often only a collapsible tub for bathing. In Britain, there was long a prejudice against having the toilet located in the bathroom proper: in 1904, <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Muthesius" title="Hermann Muthesius">Hermann Muthesius</a> noted that "a lavatory [i.e., toilet] is practically never found in an English bathroom; indeed it is considered downright inadmissible to have one there".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When toilets were placed within bathrooms, the original reason was cost savings.<sup id="cite_ref-jackson_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jackson-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1876 <a href="/wiki/Edward_William_Godwin" title="Edward William Godwin">Edward William Godwin</a>, a progressive architect-designer, drew up affordable housing with the toilet in the bathroom, and faced criticism for it.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>America and most European countries now combine their toilets and bathrooms.<sup id="cite_ref-leger_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leger-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Separate toilets remain common in British homes<sup id="cite_ref-Times_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Times-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and remain a builder's option even in places where the norm is for the toilet to be in the bathroom.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-leger_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leger-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Buckley_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some other countries,<sup id="cite_ref-Common140_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Common140-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> separate toilets remain the norm for reasons of <a href="/wiki/Hygiene" title="Hygiene">hygiene</a> and privacy. In modern homes outside of France,<sup id="cite_ref-leger_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leger-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such separate toilets typically contain a <a href="/wiki/Sink" title="Sink">sink</a>. In Japan, the toilet sometimes has a built-in sink (whose waste water is used for the next flush) to allow users to clean themselves immediately.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Japanese toilets also often provide special slippers—apart from those worn in the rest of the house—for use within the toilet.<sup id="cite_ref-Buckley_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society_and_culture">Society and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toilet_(room)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Society and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In English, all terms for toilets were originally euphemisms.<sup id="cite_ref-lyle_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lyle-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is generally considered coarse or even offensive to use such direct terms as "shitter",<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although they are used in some areas. Formerly, broadcast censorship even banned mentions of the euphemisms: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Paar" title="Jack Paar">Jack Paar</a> temporarily quit the <i><a href="/wiki/Tonight_Starring_Jack_Paar" title="Tonight Starring Jack Paar">Tonight Show</a></i> in February 1960 when <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> broadcast news footage in place of <a href="/wiki/Tonight_Starring_Jack_Paar#Highly_emotional" title="Tonight Starring Jack Paar">a joke he had taped</a> involving the term "WC". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toilet_(room)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_toilet_with_elevated_cistern_and_chain.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A toilet room with an older style flush toilet. The chain (on the upper right) is pulled to empty the elevated cistern (tank)."><img alt="A toilet room with an older style flush toilet. The chain (on the upper right) is pulled to empty the elevated cistern (tank)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Old_toilet_with_elevated_cistern_and_chain.jpg/90px-Old_toilet_with_elevated_cistern_and_chain.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Old_toilet_with_elevated_cistern_and_chain.jpg/135px-Old_toilet_with_elevated_cistern_and_chain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Old_toilet_with_elevated_cistern_and_chain.jpg/180px-Old_toilet_with_elevated_cistern_and_chain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A toilet room with an older style <a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet" title="Flush toilet">flush toilet</a>. The chain (on the upper right) is pulled to empty the elevated <a href="/wiki/Cistern#Toilet" title="Cistern">cistern</a> (tank).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Notariskantoor_Valkenswaard_10.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A Delftware-style toilet"><img alt="A Delftware-style toilet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Notariskantoor_Valkenswaard_10.JPG/120px-Notariskantoor_Valkenswaard_10.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Notariskantoor_Valkenswaard_10.JPG/180px-Notariskantoor_Valkenswaard_10.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Notariskantoor_Valkenswaard_10.JPG/240px-Notariskantoor_Valkenswaard_10.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Delftware" title="Delftware">Delftware</a>-style toilet</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toilet_room_in_Greece.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A toilet room in Greece constructed in the 70's with a modern style flush toilet"><img alt="A toilet room in Greece constructed in the 70's with a modern style flush toilet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Toilet_room_in_Greece.jpg/90px-Toilet_room_in_Greece.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Toilet_room_in_Greece.jpg/135px-Toilet_room_in_Greece.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Toilet_room_in_Greece.jpg/181px-Toilet_room_in_Greece.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="4080" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A toilet room in Greece constructed in the 70's with a modern style <a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet" title="Flush toilet">flush toilet</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JapaneseSquatToilet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Japanese temple hotel, with squat toilet and toilet slippers"><img alt="A Japanese temple hotel, with squat toilet and toilet slippers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/JapaneseSquatToilet.jpg/90px-JapaneseSquatToilet.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/JapaneseSquatToilet.jpg/135px-JapaneseSquatToilet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/JapaneseSquatToilet.jpg/180px-JapaneseSquatToilet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1066" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Japanese temple hotel, with <a href="/wiki/Squat_toilet" title="Squat toilet">squat toilet</a> and toilet slippers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Japan_toilet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Smart toilet in Japan (see also Toilets in Japan)."><img alt="Smart toilet in Japan (see also Toilets in Japan)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Japan_toilet.jpg/120px-Japan_toilet.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Japan_toilet.jpg/180px-Japan_toilet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Japan_toilet.jpg/240px-Japan_toilet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Smart toilet in Japan (see also <a href="/wiki/Toilets_in_Japan" title="Toilets in Japan">Toilets in Japan</a>).</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toilet_(room)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathroom" title="Bathroom">Bathroom</a> (for personal hygiene, with or without a toilet inside)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_toilet_scheme" title="Community toilet scheme">Community toilet scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EToilet" title="EToilet">EToilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_train_toilet" title="Passenger train toilet">Passenger train toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanisette" title="Sanisette">Sanisette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">Sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_public_toilet" title="Unisex public toilet">Unisex public toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outhouse" title="Outhouse">Outhouse</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toilet_(room)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In British contexts, it is considered <a href="/wiki/U_and_non-U_English" title="U and non-U English">non-U</a>, with the upper class generally preferring "loo", "lavatory", and "bog".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For other synonyms for toilet, see "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikisaurus:bathroom" class="extiw" title="wikt:Wikisaurus:bathroom">bathroom</a>" at <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wikisaurus" class="extiw" title="wikt:Wikisaurus">Wikisaurus</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Toilet_(room)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZalvino2020" class="citation web cs1">Zalvino, Evette (12 March 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.homelight.com/blog/buyer-what-is-a-half-bath/">"What is a Half Bath? The Mystery Behind Fractional Bathrooms, Solved"</a>. HomeLight.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+a+Half+Bath%3F+The+Mystery+Behind+Fractional+Bathrooms%2C+Solved&rft.pub=HomeLight&rft.date=2020-03-12&rft.aulast=Zalvino&rft.aufirst=Evette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.homelight.com%2Fblog%2Fbuyer-what-is-a-half-bath%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"toilet, <i>n.</i>", <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=toilet%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lyle-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lyle_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lyle_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2006" class="citation cs2">Campbell, Lyle (2006), <i>Historical Linguistics: An Introduction, </i>2nd ed.<i><span></span></i>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>: MIT Press, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EjXrrOJhex8C&pg=PA263">263</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-262-53267-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-262-53267-9"><bdi>978-0-262-53267-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Linguistics%3A+An+Introduction%2C+2nd+ed.&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-262-53267-9&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Lyle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cancan-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cancan_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/6521/what-are-the-important-differences-between-canadian-and-american-usa-english">"What Are the Important Differences between Canadian and American (USA) English?"</a>, <i>Stack Exchange</i>, 9 December 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What+Are+the+Important+Differences+between+Canadian+and+American+%28USA%29+English%3F&rft.btitle=Stack+Exchange&rft.date=2010-12-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.stackexchange.com%2Fquestions%2F6521%2Fwhat-are-the-important-differences-between-canadian-and-american-usa-english&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"lavatory, <i>n.</i>", <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=lavatory%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"lav., <i>n.</i>", <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=lav.%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/lav">"lav"</a>, <i>Collins English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=lav&rft.btitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Flav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"bathroom, <i>n.</i>", <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=bathroom%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKovecses2000" class="citation cs2">Kovecses, Zoltan (2000), <i>American English: An Introduction</i>, <a href="/wiki/Peterborough,_Ontario" title="Peterborough, Ontario">Petersborough</a>: Broadview, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1-sL6hIbW-MC&pg=PA253">253</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55111-229-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55111-229-9"><bdi>978-1-55111-229-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+English%3A+An+Introduction&rft.place=Petersborough&rft.pages=253&rft.pub=Broadview&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-55111-229-9&rft.aulast=Kovecses&rft.aufirst=Zoltan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"W, <i>n.</i>" & "water closet, <i>n.</i>", <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=W%2C+n.%22+%26+%22water+closet%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"loo, <i>n.⁴</i>", <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=loo%2C+n.%E2%81%B4&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"head, <i>n.¹</i>", <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=head%2C+n.%C2%B9&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"latrine, <i>n.</i>", <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=latrine%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Common140-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Common140_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Common140_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompsonPatrick2009" class="citation cs2">Thompson, John; et al. (2009), <i>An Uncommon History of Common Things</i>, <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington</a>: National Geographic Society, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bcaXzXPP8ooC&pg=PA140">140</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4262-0420-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4262-0420-3"><bdi>978-1-4262-0420-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Uncommon+History+of+Common+Things&rft.place=Washington&rft.pages=140&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Society&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4262-0420-3&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Patrick%2C+Bethanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"half-, <i>comb. form</i>", <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=half-%2C+comb.+form&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'cloak-room, <i>n.</i>", <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27cloak-room%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2004" class="citation cs2">Wright, Geoffrey N. (2004), <i>Discovering Abbeys and Priories</i> (4th ed.), Princes Risborough: Shire, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lWAYvsIPbMwC&pg=PA27">27</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7478-0589-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7478-0589-2"><bdi>978-0-7478-0589-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovering+Abbeys+and+Priories&rft.place=Princes+Risborough&rft.pages=27&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Shire&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7478-0589-2&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreene1992" class="citation cs2">Greene, J. Patrick (1992), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oWYPiRBkkicC&pg=PA121"><i>Medieval Monasteries</i></a>, Archaeology of Medieval Britain, Leicester: Leicester University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7185-1296-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7185-1296-5"><bdi>978-0-7185-1296-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Monasteries&rft.place=Leicester&rft.series=Archaeology+of+Medieval+Britain&rft.pub=Leicester+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-7185-1296-5&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=J.+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoWYPiRBkkicC%26pg%3DPA121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChase" class="citation cs2">Chase, Kenneth, <i>Firearms: A Global History to 1700</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Firearms%3A+A+Global+History+to+1700&rft.aulast=Chase&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuthesius1982" class="citation cs2">Muthesius, Stefan (1982), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/englishterracedh0000muth/page/60"><i>The English Terraced House</i></a>, New Haven: Yale University Press, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/englishterracedh0000muth/page/60">60</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-02871-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-02871-3"><bdi>978-0-300-02871-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+English+Terraced+House&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-300-02871-3&rft.aulast=Muthesius&rft.aufirst=Stefan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishterracedh0000muth%2Fpage%2F60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As in plates 86 and 87 depicting homes in <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halifax,_West_Yorkshire" title="Halifax, West Yorkshire">Halifax</a>, Muthesius, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jackson-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jackson_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jackson_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1973" class="citation cs2">Jackson, Alan A. (1973), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/semidetachedlond0000jack/page/145"><i>Semi-Detached London: Suburban Development, Life and Transport, 1900–39</i></a>, London: Allen & Unwin, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/semidetachedlond0000jack/page/145">145</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-04-902003-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-04-902003-0"><bdi>978-0-04-902003-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Semi-Detached+London%3A+Suburban+Development%2C+Life+and+Transport%2C+1900%26ndash%3B39&rft.place=London&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-04-902003-0&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Alan+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsemidetachedlond0000jack%2Fpage%2F145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Muthesius, pp. 61–62, 100, 137.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Times-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Times_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Times_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt1992" class="citation cs2">Schmidt, William E. (3 January 1992), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/23/garden/english-bathrooms-out-of-the-closet.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm">"English Bathrooms: Out of the Closet"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=English+Bathrooms%3A+Out+of+the+Closet&rft.btitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.date=1992-01-03&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F01%2F23%2Fgarden%2Fenglish-bathrooms-out-of-the-closet.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall%26src%3Dpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuthesius1904" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Muthesius" title="Hermann Muthesius">Muthesius, Hermann</a> (1904), <i>Das englische Haus: Entwicklung, Bedingungen, Anlage, Aufbau, Einrichtung und Innenraum, </i>Vol. II<i><span></span></i>, Berlin: Wasmuth, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3437464">3437464</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+englische+Haus%3A+Entwicklung%2C+Bedingungen%2C+Anlage%2C+Aufbau%2C+Einrichtung+und+Innenraum%2C+Vol.+II&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Wasmuth&rft.date=1904&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3437464&rft.aulast=Muthesius&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>. <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeligman1979" class="citation cs2">Seligman, Janet (1979), <i>The English House</i>, London: Granada, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cJixaliyWPQC&pg=PA236">236</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-258-97101-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-258-97101-7"><bdi>978-0-258-97101-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+English+House&rft.place=London&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Granada&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-258-97101-7&rft.aulast=Seligman&rft.aufirst=Janet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong1993" class="citation cs2">Long, Helen C. (1993), <i>The Edwardian House: The Middle-Class Home in Britain, 1880-1914</i>, Studies in Design and Material Culture, Manchester: Manchester University Press, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OaDB3nGtc14C&pg=PA193">193</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-3728-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-3728-3"><bdi>978-0-7190-3728-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Edwardian+House%3A+The+Middle-Class+Home+in+Britain%2C+1880-1914&rft.place=Manchester&rft.series=Studies+in+Design+and+Material+Culture&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-3728-3&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Helen+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Muthesius" title="Hermann Muthesius">Muthesius</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> quoted in translation by Seligman<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Long.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrant" class="citation web cs1">Grant, Sandra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070639/http://www.bedfordpark.org.uk/edwardwgodwin.php">"The Architects: Edward W Godwin"</a>. <i>The Bedford Park Society</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bedfordpark.org.uk/edwardwgodwin.php">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bedford+Park+Society&rft.atitle=The+Architects%3A+Edward+W+Godwin&rft.aulast=Grant&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bedfordpark.org.uk%2Fedwardwgodwin.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leger-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-leger_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leger_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leger_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLéger1990" class="citation cs2">Léger, Jean-Michel (1990), <i>Derniers Domiciles Connus: Enquête sur les Nouveaux Logements, 1970–1990</i>, Paris: Créaphis, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FPH-xDfsyUUC&pg=PA129">p. 129</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-907150-18-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-907150-18-7"><bdi>978-2-907150-18-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Derniers+Domiciles+Connus%3A+Enqu%C3%AAte+sur+les+Nouveaux+Logements%2C+1970%26ndash%3B1990&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=p.+129&rft.pub=Cr%C3%A9aphis&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-2-907150-18-7&rft.aulast=L%C3%A9ger&rft.aufirst=Jean-Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>. <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison1998" class="citation cs2">Harrison, Henry (1998), <i>Houses: The Illustrated Guide to Construction, Design, and Systems, </i>3rd ed.<i><span></span></i>, Chicago: Real Estate Education Co., pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_i2qhQUjMnAC&pg=PA64">64–65</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7931-2967-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7931-2967-6"><bdi>978-0-7931-2967-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Houses%3A+The+Illustrated+Guide+to+Construction%2C+Design%2C+and+Systems%2C+3rd+ed.&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=64-65&rft.pub=Real+Estate+Education+Co.&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7931-2967-6&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2003" class="citation cs2">Taylor, Sally Adamson (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WqoBJtq5bhYC"><i>Culture Shock!: France, </i>2nd ed.<i><span></span></i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a>: Graphic Arts Center, p. 199, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781558687677" title="Special:BookSources/9781558687677"><bdi>9781558687677</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/30753428">30753428</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+Shock%21%3A+France%2C+2nd+ed.&rft.place=Portland&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=Graphic+Arts+Center&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F30753428&rft.isbn=9781558687677&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Sally+Adamson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWqoBJtq5bhYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldman1994" class="citation cs2">Goldman, Alan (1994), <i>Doing Business With the Japanese: A Guide to Successful Communication, Management and Diplomacy</i>, SUNY Series in Speech Communication, <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a>: State University of New York Press, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RpduGf-PP2sC&pg=PA73">73</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1946-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1946-5"><bdi>978-0-7914-1946-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doing+Business+With+the+Japanese%3A+A+Guide+to+Successful+Communication%2C+Management+and+Diplomacy&rft.place=Albany&rft.series=SUNY+Series+in+Speech+Communication&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-1946-5&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buckley-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Buckley_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buckley_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFECJC2002" class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wtkm3O3nWXkC&pg=PA527">"Toilets"</a>, <i>Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture</i>, London: Routledge, 2002, pp. 527 f, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14344-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-14344-8"><bdi>978-0-415-14344-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Toilets&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Contemporary+Japanese+Culture&rft.place=London&rft.pages=527+f&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-14344-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWtkm3O3nWXkC%26pg%3DPA527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolotch2003" class="citation cs2">Molotch, Harvey Luskin (2003), <i>Where Stuff Comes From: How Toasters, Toilets, Cars, Computers, and Many Other Things Come to Be As They Are</i>, London: Routledge, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ElMRSBtBshEC&pg=PA101">pp. 101–02</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94400-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94400-7"><bdi>978-0-415-94400-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Where+Stuff+Comes+From%3A+How+Toasters%2C+Toilets%2C+Cars%2C+Computers%2C+and+Many+Other+Things+Come+to+Be+As+They+Are&rft.place=London&rft.pages=pp.+101-02&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-94400-7&rft.aulast=Molotch&rft.aufirst=Harvey+Luskin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2003" class="citation cs2">Phillips, Jennifer (2003), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gsdai_VJ6WIC&pg=PT134">"Personal Hygiene"</a>, <i>In the Know in Japan: The Indispensable Cross-cultural Guide to Working and Living in Japan</i>, New York: Terra Cognita, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-609-61114-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-609-61114-2"><bdi>978-0-609-61114-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Personal+Hygiene&rft.btitle=In+the+Know+in+Japan%3A+The+Indispensable+Cross-cultural+Guide+to+Working+and+Living+in+Japan&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Terra+Cognita&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-609-61114-2&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgsdai_VJ6WIC%26pg%3DPT134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorvat2000" class="citation cs2">Horvat, Andrew (2000), <i>Japanese Beyond Words: How to Walk and Talk Like a Native Speaker</i>, <a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley</a>: Stone Bridge, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-lkwDkVPeBUC&pg=PA28">28–29</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-880656-42-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-880656-42-6"><bdi>978-1-880656-42-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Beyond+Words%3A+How+to+Walk+and+Talk+Like+a+Native+Speaker&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=28-29&rft.pub=Stone+Bridge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-880656-42-6&rft.aulast=Horvat&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"shitter, <i>n.</i>", <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=shitter%2C+n.&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AToilet+%28room%29" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rooms_and_spaces_of_a_house" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Room" title="Template:Room"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Room" title="Template talk:Room"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Room" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Room"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rooms_and_spaces_of_a_house" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Room" title="Room">Rooms</a> and spaces of a <a href="/wiki/House" title="House">house</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Common_area" title="Common area">Shared rooms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonus_room" title="Bonus room">Bonus room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_room" title="Common room">Common room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_(room)" title="Den (room)">Den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dining_room" title="Dining room">Dining room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_room" title="Family room">Family room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garret" title="Garret">Garret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_room" title="Great room">Great room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_cinema" title="Home cinema">Home cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchen" title="Kitchen">Kitchen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_kitchen" title="Dirty kitchen">dirty kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitchenette" title="Kitchenette">kitchenette</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_room" title="Living room">Living room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynaeceum" title="Gynaeceum">Gynaeceum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harem" title="Harem">harem</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andron_(architecture)" title="Andron (architecture)">Andron</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Man_cave" title="Man cave">man cave</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recreation_room" title="Recreation room">Recreation room</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billiard_room" title="Billiard room">billiard room</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Study_(room)" title="Study (room)">Study</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunroom" title="Sunroom">Sunroom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private rooms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathroom" title="Bathroom">Bathroom</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">toilet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedroom" title="Bedroom">Bedroom</a> / Guest room <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closet" title="Closet">closet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedsit" title="Bedsit">Bedsit / Miniflat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boudoir" title="Boudoir">Boudoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(room)" title="Cabinet (room)">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nursery_(room)" title="Nursery (room)">Nursery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atrium_(architecture)" title="Atrium (architecture)">Atrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balcony" title="Balcony">Balcony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breezeway" title="Breezeway">Breezeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversation_pit" title="Conversation pit">Conversation pit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubby-hole" title="Cubby-hole">Cubby-hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deck_(building)" title="Deck (building)">Deck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">Elevator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dumbwaiter" title="Dumbwaiter">dumbwaiter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entryway" class="mw-redirect" title="Entryway">Entryway</a>/<a href="/wiki/Genkan" title="Genkan">Genkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireplace" title="Fireplace">Fireplace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">hearth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobby_(room)" title="Lobby (room)">Foyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall" title="Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallway" title="Hallway">Hallway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inglenook" title="Inglenook">Inglenook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanai_(architecture)" title="Lanai (architecture)">Lanai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loft" title="Loft">Loft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loggia" title="Loggia">Loggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhang_(architecture)" title="Overhang (architecture)">Overhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patio" title="Patio">Patio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porch" title="Porch">Porch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Screened_porch" title="Screened porch">screened</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_porch" title="Sleeping porch">sleeping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_ramp" title="Wheelchair ramp">Ramp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_passage" title="Secret passage">Secret passage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stairs" title="Stairs">Stairs</a>/<a href="/wiki/Staircase" title="Staircase">Staircase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_(building)" title="Terrace (building)">Terrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veranda" title="Veranda">Veranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vestibule_(architecture)" title="Vestibule (architecture)">Vestibule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Technical_room" class="mw-redirect" title="Technical room">Technical</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utility_room" title="Utility room">utility</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Storage_room" title="Storage room">storage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attic" title="Attic">Attic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basement" title="Basement">Basement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carport" title="Carport">Carport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloakroom" title="Cloakroom">Cloakroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closet" title="Closet">Closet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawl_space" title="Crawl space">Crawl space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_room" title="Electrical room">Electrical room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equipment_room" title="Equipment room">Equipment room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furnace_room" class="mw-redirect" title="Furnace room">Furnace room</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_room" title="Mechanical room">Boiler room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garage_(residential)" title="Garage (residential)">Garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janitorial_closet" class="mw-redirect" title="Janitorial closet">Janitorial closet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larder" title="Larder">Larder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laundry_room" title="Laundry room">Laundry room</a> / <a href="/wiki/Utility_room" title="Utility room">Utility room</a> / <a href="/wiki/Storage_room" title="Storage room">Storage room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_room" title="Mechanical room">Mechanical room</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_floor" title="Mechanical floor">floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantry" title="Pantry">Pantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root_cellar" title="Root cellar">Root cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-basement" title="Semi-basement">Semi-basement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storm_cellar" title="Storm cellar">Storm cellar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Safe_room" title="Safe room">Safe room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio" title="Studio">Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardrobe" title="Wardrobe">Wardrobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_cellar" title="Wine cellar">Wine cellar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiring_closet" title="Wiring closet">Wiring closet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workshop" title="Workshop">Workshop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_house" title="Great house">Great house</a> areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antechamber" class="mw-redirect" title="Antechamber">Antechamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballroom" title="Ballroom">Ballroom</a></li> <li>Kitchen-related <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butler%27s_pantry" class="mw-redirect" title="Butler's pantry">butler's pantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buttery_(room)" title="Buttery (room)">buttery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saucery" title="Saucery">saucery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scullery" title="Scullery">scullery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spicery" title="Spicery">spicery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_room" title="Still room">still room</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatory_(greenhouse)" title="Conservatory (greenhouse)">Conservatory</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orangery" title="Orangery">Orangery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtyard" title="Courtyard">Courtyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawing_room" title="Drawing room">Drawing room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_chamber" title="Great chamber">Great chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_hall" title="Great hall">Great hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library" title="Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_gallery" title="Long gallery">Long gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumber_room" title="Lumber room">Lumber room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parlour" title="Parlour">Parlour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauna" title="Sauna">Sauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants%27_hall" title="Servants' hall">Servants' hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servants%27_quarters" title="Servants' quarters">Servants' quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_room" title="Smoking room">Smoking room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_(room)" title="Solar (room)">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_room" title="State room">State room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_pool" title="Swimming pool">Swimming pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turret_(architecture)" title="Turret (architecture)">Turret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercroft" title="Undercroft">Undercroft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furniture" title="Furniture">Furniture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_compartment" title="Hidden compartment">Hidden room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House" title="House">House</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_plan" title="House plan">house plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_house_styles" title="List of house styles">styles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_house_types" title="List of house types">types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-family_residential" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-family residential">Multi-family residential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_suite" title="Secondary suite">Secondary suite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duplex_(building)" title="Duplex (building)">Duplex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraced_house" title="Terraced house">Terraced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-family_detached_home" title="Single-family detached home">Detached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semi-detached" title="Semi-detached">Semi-detached</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townhouse" title="Townhouse">Townhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_apartment" title="Studio apartment">Studio apartment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architectural</a><br />elements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arch" title="Arch">Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balconet" title="Balconet">Balconet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baluster" title="Baluster">Baluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belt_course" title="Belt course">Belt course</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bressummer" title="Bressummer">Bressummer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceiling" title="Ceiling">Ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimney" title="Chimney">Chimney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonnade" title="Colonnade">Colonnade</a> / <a href="/wiki/Portico" title="Portico">Portico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column" title="Column">Column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornice" title="Cornice">Cornice</a> / <a href="/wiki/Eaves" title="Eaves">Eaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome" title="Dome">Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Door" title="Door">Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ell_(architecture)" title="Ell (architecture)">Ell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor" title="Floor">Floor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_(engineering)" title="Foundation (engineering)">Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gable" title="Gable">Gable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate" title="Gate">Gate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal_(architecture)" title="Portal (architecture)">Portal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighting" title="Lighting">Lighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ornament_(art)" title="Ornament (art)">Ornament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbing" title="Plumbing">Plumbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quoin" title="Quoin">Quoins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof" title="Roof">Roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roof_lantern" title="Roof lantern">Roof lantern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sill_plate" title="Sill plate">Sill plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_style" title="Architectural style">Style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_architectural_styles" title="List of architectural styles">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylight" title="Skylight">Skylight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threshold_(architecture)" title="Threshold (architecture)">Threshold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transom_(architecture)" title="Transom (architecture)">Transom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vault_(architecture)" title="Vault (architecture)">Vault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall" title="Wall">Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Window" title="Window">Window</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backyard" title="Backyard">Backyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driveway" title="Driveway">Driveway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_yard" title="Front yard">Front yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_garden" class="mw-redirect" title="Back garden">Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home" title="Home">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_improvement" title="Home improvement">Home improvement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_repair" title="Home repair">Home repair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shed" title="Shed">Shed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_house" title="Tree house">Tree house</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Rooms" title="Category:Rooms">Category: Rooms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Toilets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_waste_elimination" title="Template:Human waste elimination"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_waste_elimination" title="Template talk:Human waste elimination"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_waste_elimination" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human waste elimination"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Toilets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Toilet" title="Toilet">Toilets</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballcock" title="Ballcock">Ballcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedpan" title="Bedpan">Bedpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet">Bidet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidet_shower" title="Bidet shower">Bidet shower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_brush" title="Toilet brush">Brush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistern#Toilet" title="Cistern">Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commode#Toilet" title="Commode">Commode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_bidet" title="Electronic bidet">Electronic bidet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushometer" title="Flushometer">Flushometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_seat" title="Toilet seat">Seat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_seat_riser" title="Toilet seat riser">Toilet seat riser</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet" title="Toilet">Toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_cleaner" title="Toilet cleaner">Toilet cleaner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper" title="Toilet paper">Toilet paper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_roll_holder" title="Toilet roll holder">Holder/dispenser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_paper_orientation" title="Toilet paper orientation">Orientation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_rim_block" title="Toilet rim block">Toilet rim block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trap_(plumbing)" title="Trap (plumbing)">Trap (U-bend)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_lavatory" title="Aircraft lavatory">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arborloo" title="Arborloo">Arborloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_toilet" title="Blair toilet">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucket_toilet" title="Bucket toilet">Bucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathole" title="Cathole">Cathole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_toilet" title="Chemical toilet">Chemical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composting_toilet" title="Composting toilet">Composting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Container-based_sanitation" title="Container-based sanitation">Container-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_toilet" title="Dry toilet">Dry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dual_flush_toilet" title="Dual flush toilet">Dual flush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EToilet" title="EToilet">EToilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet" title="Flush toilet">Flush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freezing_toilet" title="Freezing toilet">Freezing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_(watercraft)" title="Head (watercraft)">Head</a> (boat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudo_(scouting)" title="Hudo (scouting)">Hudo</a> (Scouting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incinerating_toilet" title="Incinerating toilet">Incinerating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligent_toilet" title="Intelligent toilet">Intelligent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latrine" title="Latrine">Latrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-flush_toilet" title="Low-flush toilet">Low-flush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_toilet" title="On-board toilet">On-board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_train_toilet" title="Passenger train toilet">Passenger train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pay_toilet" title="Pay toilet">Pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pig_toilet" title="Pig toilet">Pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pit_latrine" title="Pit latrine">Pit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_toilet" title="Portable toilet">Portable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potty_chair" title="Potty chair">Potty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_toilet" title="Public toilet">Public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanisette" title="Sanisette">Sanisette</a> (self-cleaning)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sink-toilet" title="Sink-toilet">Sink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_toilet" title="Space toilet">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squat_toilet" title="Squat toilet">Squat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telescopic_toilet" title="Telescopic toilet">Telescopic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treebog" title="Treebog">Treebog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urine-diverting_dry_toilet" title="Urine-diverting dry toilet">Urine-diverting dry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_sewer" title="Vacuum sewer">Vacuum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermifilter_toilet" title="Vermifilter toilet">Vermifilter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washlet" title="Washlet">Washlet</a> (combined toilet and bidet)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural and<br />policy aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accessible_toilet" title="Accessible toilet">Accessible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_diaper" title="Adult diaper">Adult diaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathroom_privileges" title="Bathroom privileges">Bathroom privileges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathroom_reading" title="Bathroom reading">Bathroom reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeywagon_(vehicle)" title="Honeywagon (vehicle)">Honeywagon (vehicle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incontinence_pad" title="Incontinence pad">Incontinence pad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_toilet_etiquette" title="Islamic toilet etiquette">Islamic toilet etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istinja" title="Istinja">Istinja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latrinalia" title="Latrinalia">Latrinalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization_of_public_toilets" title="Privatization of public toilets">Privatization of public toilets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swachh_Bharat_Mission" title="Swachh Bharat Mission">Swachh Bharat Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_god" title="Toilet god">Toilet god</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_humour" title="Toilet humour">Toilet humour</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Skibidi_Toilet" title="Skibidi Toilet">Skibidi Toilet</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_plume" title="Toilet plume">Toilet plume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet-related_injuries_and_deaths" title="Toilet-related injuries and deaths">Toilet-related injuries and deaths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_Revolution_in_China" title="Toilet Revolution in China">Toilet Revolution in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_Twinning" title="Toilet Twinning">Toilet Twinning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_public_toilet" title="Unisex public toilet">Unisex public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_truck" title="Vacuum truck">Vacuum truck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Jobs and activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manual_scavenging" title="Manual scavenging">Manual scavenging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restroom_attendant" title="Restroom attendant">Restroom attendant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitation_worker" title="Sanitation worker">Sanitation worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slopping_out" title="Slopping out">Slopping out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_training" title="Toilet training">Toilet training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toileting" title="Toileting">Toileting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Urine-related aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Female_urinal" title="Female urinal">Female urinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_urination_device" title="Female urination device">Female urination device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interactive_urinal" title="Interactive urinal">Interactive urinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pissoir" title="Pissoir">Pissoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pee_curl" title="Pee curl">Pee curl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollee" title="Pollee">Pollee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanistand" title="Sanistand">Sanistand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinal" title="Urinal">Urinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinal_deodorizer_block" title="Urinal deodorizer block">Urinal deodorizer block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urinal_(health_care)" title="Urinal (health care)">Urinal (health care)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urination" title="Urination">Urination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urine_collection_device" title="Urine collection device">Urine collection device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urine_deflector" title="Urine deflector">Urine deflector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urine_diversion" title="Urine diversion">Urine diversion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Feces-related aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anal_hygiene" title="Anal hygiene">Anal hygiene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation">Defecation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defecation_postures" title="Defecation postures">Defecation postures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fecal_sludge_management" title="Fecal sludge management">Fecal sludge management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_toilet" title="Flying toilet">Flying toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_defecation" title="Open defecation">Open defecation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scatology" title="Scatology">Scatology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haewoojae" title="Haewoojae">Haewoojae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundertwasser_Toilets" title="Hundertwasser Toilets">Hundertwasser Toilets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Museum_of_Bathroom_Tissue" title="Madison Museum of Bathroom Tissue">Madison Museum of Bathroom Tissue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Toilet_Restaurant" title="Modern Toilet Restaurant">Modern Toilet Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Poo_Museum" title="National Poo Museum">National Poo Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outhouse" title="Outhouse">Outhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_area" title="Rest area">Rest area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shit_Museum" title="Shit Museum">Shit Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulabh_International_Museum_of_Toilets" title="Sulabh International Museum of Toilets">Sulabh International Museum of Toilets</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Toilet (room)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilet_History_Museum" title="Toilet History Museum">Toilet History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilets_in_Japan" title="Toilets in Japan">Toilets in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toilets_in_New_York_City" title="Toilets in New York City">Toilets in New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bryant_Park_restroom" title="Bryant Park restroom">Bryant Park restroom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphedron" title="Aphedron">Aphedron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamber_pot" title="Chamber pot">Chamber pot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_stool" title="Close stool">Close stool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dansker" title="Dansker">Dansker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garderobe" title="Garderobe">Garderobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gong_farmer" title="Gong farmer">Gong farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groom_of_the_Stool" title="Groom of the Stool">Groom of the Stool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_soil" title="Night soil">Night soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pail_closet" title="Pail closet">Pail closet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privy_midden" title="Privy midden">Privy midden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reredorter" title="Reredorter">Reredorter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changing_room" title="Changing room">Changing room</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unisex_changing_rooms" title="Unisex changing rooms">Unisex changing rooms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_sanitation" title="Ecological sanitation">Ecological sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_water_supply_and_sanitation" title="History of water supply and sanitation">History of water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_right_to_water_and_sanitation" title="Human right to water and sanitation">Human right to water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Improved_sanitation" title="Improved sanitation">Improved sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infection_prevention_and_control" title="Infection prevention and control">Infection prevention and control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuse_of_human_excreta" title="Reuse of human excreta">Reuse of human excreta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">Sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">Sewage treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_sanitation" title="Sustainable sanitation">Sustainable sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">Waste management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Toilet_Day" title="World Toilet Day">World Toilet Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_right_to_access_the_toilet" title="Workers' right to access the toilet">Workers' right to access the toilet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Latrine"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4442525-9">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Toilets"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85135825">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Toilettes (pièces)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11962379p">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Toilettes (pièces)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11962379p">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span 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